AFBI 10-Q Quarterly Report June 30, 2025

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

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10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period

Commission File No. 001-39914

Affinity Bancshares, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Maryland		82-1147778
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3175 Highway 278 Covington , Georgia		30014
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

( 770 ) 786-7088

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	AFBI	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒

Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 8, 2025, 6,292,422 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding.

Affinity Bancshares, Inc.

Form 10-Q

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	2

	Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024	2

	Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	3

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	4

	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	6

	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	32

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	32

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	33

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	33

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	33

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	33

Item 5.	Other Information	33

Item 6.	Exhibits	34

	SIGNATURES	35

PART I – FINANCI AL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financi al Statements

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

C onsolidated Balance Sheets



	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
	(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	5,876		$	7,092
Interest-earning deposits in other depository institutions		83,790			34,333
Cash and cash equivalents		89,666			41,425
Investment securities available-for-sale		40,739			36,502
Investment securities held-to-maturity (estimated fair value of $ 24,724 net of allowance for credit losses of $ 37 at June 30, 2025 and estimated fair value of $ 27,286 net of allowance for credit losses of $ 45 at December 31, 2024)		24,366			27,299
Other investments		6,243			6,175
Loans		731,135			714,115
Allowance for credit loss on loans		( 8,542	)		( 8,496	)
Net loans		722,593			705,619
Premises and equipment, net		3,075			3,261
Bank owned life insurance		16,690			16,487
Intangible assets		18,080			18,175
Other assets		12,347			11,874
Total assets	$	933,799		$	866,817

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Liabilities:
Non-interest-bearing checking	$	151,882		$	151,395
Interest-bearing checking		83,713			73,841
Money market accounts		167,859			148,752
Savings accounts		89,084			76,053
Certificates of deposit		256,800			223,440
Total deposits		749,338			673,481
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings		54,000			58,815
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities		6,361			5,406
Total liabilities		809,699			737,702
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock (par value $ 0.01 per share, 40,000,000 shares authorized; 6,295,339 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and 6,409,598 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024)		63			64
Preferred stock ( 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding)		—			—
Additional paid in capital		61,197			62,355
Unearned ESOP shares		( 3,915	)		( 4,378	)
Retained earnings		71,756			76,786
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		( 5,001	)		( 5,712	)
Total stockholders' equity		124,100			129,115
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	933,799		$	866,817

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

C onsolidated Statements of Income

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)
Interest income:
Loans, including fees	$	11,195	$	10,479	$	21,843	$	19,978
Investment securities		858		1,095		1,700		2,169
Interest-earning deposits		770		648		1,385		1,296
Total interest income		12,823		12,222		24,928		23,443
Interest expense:
Deposits		4,525		4,099		8,771		8,100
FHLB advances and other borrowings		520		555		1,042		1,025
Total interest expense		5,045		4,654		9,813		9,125
Net interest income before provision for credit losses		7,778		7,568		15,115		14,318
Provision for credit losses		17		213		67		213
Net interest income after provision for credit losses		7,761		7,355		15,048		14,105
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts		337		391		653		786
Net gain on sale of other real estate owned		—		135		—		135
Other		203		180		368		369
Total noninterest income		540		706		1,021		1,290
Noninterest expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits		3,260		3,417		6,619		6,596
Occupancy		595		615		1,200		1,233
Data processing		550		508		1,093		1,019
Other		1,062		2,179		1,914		3,442
Total noninterest expenses		5,467		6,719		10,826		12,290
Income before income taxes		2,834		1,342		5,243		3,105
Income tax expense		682		311		1,260		739
Net income	$	2,152	$	1,031	$	3,983	$	2,366
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic		6,312,589		6,416,628		6,358,888		6,416,628
Diluted		6,457,397		6,544,450		6,504,838		6,534,751
Basic earnings per share	$	0.34	$	0.16	$	0.63	$	0.37
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.33	$	0.16	$	0.61	$	0.36

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

C onsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
			(In thousands)
Net income	$	2,152	$	1,031	$	3,983	$	2,366
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of taxes of $ 26 , $ 109 , $ 239 and $ 114		77		317		711		331
Total other comprehensive income		77		317		711		331
Total comprehensive income	$	2,229	$	1,348	$	4,694	$	2,697

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cha nges in Stockholders’ Equity

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
													Accumulated
				Additional									Other
	Common			Paid In				Unearned			Retained		Comprehensive
	Stock			Capital				ESOP Shares			Earnings		Income (Loss)			Total
							(In thousands)

Beginning balance March 31, 2025	$	64		$	61,781			$	( 4,088	)	$	69,600	$	( 5,078	)	$	122,279
ESOP loan payment and release of ESOP shares		—			142				173			—		—			315
Stock-based compensation expense		—			240				—			4		—			244
Change in unrealized gain on investment securities available-for-sale, net of tax		—			—				—			—		77			77
Common stock repurchase		( 1	)		( 966	)			—			—		—			( 967	)
Net income		—			—				—			2,152		—			2,152
Ending balance June 30, 2025	$	63		$	61,197			$	( 3,915	)	$	71,756	$	( 5,001	)	$	124,100

Beginning balance March 31, 2024	$	64		$	61,409			$	( 4,535	)	$	72,680	$	( 6,318	)	$	123,300
ESOP loan payment and release of ESOP shares		—			43				53			—		—			96
Stock-based compensation expense		—			321				—			—		—			321
Change in unrealized loss on investment securities available-for-sale, net of tax		—			—				—			—		317			317
Net income		—			—				—			1,031		—			1,031
Ending balance June 30, 2024	$	64		$	61,773			$	( 4,482	)	$	73,711	$	( 6,001	)	$	125,065


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
														Accumulated
				Additional										Other
	Common			Paid In				Unearned			Retained			Comprehensive
	Stock			Capital				ESOP Shares			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Total
							(In thousands)

Beginning balance December 31, 2024	$	64		$	62,355			$	( 4,378	)	$	76,786		$	( 5,712	)	$	129,115
ESOP loan payment and release of ESOP shares		—			385				463			( 216	)		—			632
Stock-based compensation expense		—			545				—			4			—			549
Exercise of stock options		—			59				—			—			—			59
Change in unrealized loss on investment securities available-for-sale, net of tax		—			—				—			—			711			711
Common stock repurchase		( 1	)		( 2,147	)			—			—			—			( 2,148	)
Dividend		—			—				—			( 8,801	)		—			( 8,801	)
Net income		—			—				—			3,983			—			3,983
Ending balance June 30, 2025	$	63		$	61,197			$	( 3,915	)	$	71,756		$	( 5,001	)	$	124,100

Beginning balance December 31, 2023	$	64		$	61,026			$	( 4,587	)	$	71,345		$	( 6,332	)	$	121,516
ESOP loan payment and release of ESOP shares		—			77				105			—			—			182
Stock-based compensation expense		—			670				—			—			—			670
Change in unrealized loss on investment securities available-for-sale, net of tax		—			—				—			—			331			331
Net income		—			—				—			2,366			—			2,366
Ending balance June 30, 2024	$	64		$	61,773			$	( 4,482	)	$	73,711		$	( 6,001	)	$	125,065

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

C onsolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
	(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	3,983		$	2,366
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, (accretion) and amortization		373			342
Stock-based compensation expense		549			670
Deferred income tax expense		—			241
Provision for credit losses		67			213
ESOP expense		632			182
Net gain on sale of other real estate owned		—			( 135	)
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance		( 203	)		( 197	)
Change in:
Accrued interest receivable and other assets		( 714	)		( 1,302	)
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities		1,005			( 544	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		5,692			1,836
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale		( 3,915	)		—
Purchases of premises and equipment		( 260	)		( 262	)
Proceeds from paydowns of investment securities available-for-sale		646			1,801
Proceeds from paydowns of investment securities held-to-maturity		3,033			54
Purchases of other investments		( 68	)		( 57	)
Net change in loans		( 17,039	)		( 33,091	)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned		—			2,985
Net cash used in investing activities		( 17,603	)		( 28,570	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits		75,857			15,269
Common stock repurchase		( 2,148	)		—
Proceeds from FHLB advances		10,000			10,000
Repayment of FHLB advances		( 10,000	)		( 10,000	)
Dividends paid to shareholders		( 8,801	)		—
Exercise of stock options		59			—
Proceeds from other borrowings		—			11,837
Repayment of other borrowings		( 4,815	)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		60,152			27,106
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		48,241			372
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		41,425			50,025
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	89,666		$	50,397
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest		9,611			9,158
Cash paid for income taxes		46			1,166
Change in unrealized gain on investment securities available-for-sale, net of tax		711			331

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Nature of Operations

Affinity Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company, headquartered in Covington, Georgia. The Company has one operating subsidiary, Affinity Bank, National Association (the “Bank”, and formerly named “Affinity Bank”), a national bank, conducting banking activities primarily in Newton County, Georgia and surrounding counties and in Cobb and Fulton Counties, Georgia and surrounding counties, and originating dental practice loans and indirect automobile loans throughout the Southeastern United States. The Bank offers such customary banking services as consumer and commercial checking accounts, savings accounts, certificates of deposit, mortgage, commercial and consumer loans, including indirect automobile loans, money transfers and a variety of other banking services. The Company was incorporated in 2020 to be the successor corporation to Community First Bancshares, Inc., a federal corporation, upon completion of the second-step mutual-to-stock conversion of Community First Bancshares, MHC, the top tier mutual holding company of Community First Bancshares, Inc, the former mid-tier holding company for the Bank.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2025 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods presented. The interim consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full year or for any other period.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates common to the banking industry that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term include, but are not limited to, the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of other real estate acquired in connection with foreclosure or in satisfaction of loans and valuation allowances associated with the realization of deferred tax assets, which are based on future taxable income.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policie s – The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to GAAP and general practices within the banking industry. There have been no material changes or developments in the application of principles or in our evaluation of the accounting estimates and the underlying assumptions or methodologies that we believe to be Critical Accounting Policies as disclosed in the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per common share are calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share are calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock awards (outstanding stock options), if any. Presented below are the calculations for basic and diluted earnings per common share.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(Dollars in thousands except per share data)

Net income	$	2,152	$	1,031	$	3,983	$	2,366
Weighted average common shares outstanding		6,312,589		6,416,628		6,358,888		6,416,628
Effect of dilutive common stock awards		144,808		127,822		145,950		118,123
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		6,457,397		6,544,450		6,504,838		6,534,751
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.34	$	0.16	$	0.63	$	0.37
Diluted earnings per common share		0.33	$	0.16		0.61		0.36

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

There were 117,000 anti-dilutive options for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 339,500 anti-dilutive options for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 .

(2) Investment Securities

Investment securities available-for-sale at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows: (in thousands)



June 30, 2025	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities	$	5,207	$	—	$	( 446	)	$	4,761
Municipal securities - tax exempt		517		—		( 102	)		415
Municipal securities - taxable		2,040		—		( 305	)		1,735
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises		11,837		—		( 3,171	)		8,666
Government agency mortgage-backed securities		18,330		33		( 2,359	)		16,004
Corporate securities		9,503		53		( 398	)		9,158
Total	$	47,434	$	86	$	( 6,781	)	$	40,739
December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasury securities	$	5,187	$	—	$	( 620	)	$	4,567
Municipal securities - tax exempt		520		—		( 87	)		433
Municipal securities - taxable		2,041		—		( 370	)		1,671
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises		11,837		—		( 3,356	)		8,481
Government agency mortgage-backed securities		15,076		—		( 2,732	)		12,344
Corporate securities		9,486		67		( 547	)		9,006
Total	$	44,147	$	67	$	( 7,712	)	$	36,502

Investment securities held-to-maturity at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows: (in thousands)



June 30, 2025	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Estimated Allowance for Credit Losses
Government agency mortgage-backed securities		691		—		( 87	)		604		—
Corporate securities		23,712		419		( 11	)		24,120		( 37	)
Total	$	24,403	$	419	$	( 98	)	$	24,724	$	( 37	)
December 31, 2024
Government agency mortgage-backed securities		715		—		( 103	)		612		—
Corporate securities		26,629		211		( 166	)		26,674		( 45	)
Total	$	27,344	$	211	$	( 269	)	$	27,286	$	( 45	)

Corporate securities account for the majority of the held-to-maturity portfolio as of June 30, 2025. These corporate securities are accounted for as securities, but are underwritten as loans with features that are typically found in commercial loans. Accordingly, the Bank monitors the credit quality of these corporate securities through quarterly credit reviews to determine impairment, if any. At June 30, 2025 , these securities are all rated as investment grade and the $ 37,000 of allowance for credit losses associated with these securities was calculated using a Moody's report on the cumulative default rates of the corporate issuers. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 , $ 8,000 provision reversal was recorded and no provision was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Investment securities available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows: (in thousands)


	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
June 30, 2025	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—		$	4,761	$	( 446	)	$	4,761	$	( 446	)
Municipal securities - tax exempt		—		—			415		( 102	)		415		( 102	)
Municipal securities - taxable		—		—			1,735		( 305	)		1,735		( 305	)
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises		—		—			8,666		( 3,171	)		8,666		( 3,171	)
Government agency mortgage-backed securities		2,360		( 37	)		12,137		( 2,322	)		14,497		( 2,359	)
Corporate securities		—		—			5,101		( 398	)		5,101		( 398	)
Total	$	2,360	$	( 37	)	$	32,815	$	( 6,744	)	$	35,175	$	( 6,781	)
December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—		$	4,567	$	( 620	)	$	4,567	$	( 620	)
Municipal securities - tax exempt		—		—			433		( 87	)		433		( 87	)
Municipal securities - taxable		—		—			1,671		( 370	)		1,671		( 370	)
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises		—		—			8,481		( 3,356	)		8,481		( 3,356	)
Government agency mortgage-backed securities		—		—			12,344		( 2,732	)		12,344		( 2,732	)
Corporate securities		—		—			5,446		( 547	)		5,446		( 547	)
Total	$	—	$	—		$	32,942	$	( 7,712	)	$	32,942	$	( 7,712	)

There was one security in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months of $ 37,000 . There were 46 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or greater totaling $ 6.7 million as of June 30, 2025 . The unrealized losses on the debt securities arose due to changing interest rates and market conditions and are considered to be temporary because of acceptable investment grades and are reviewed regularly. Four of the securities are agency bonds and five are U.S. Treasury bonds, so all of these are direct obligations of the U.S. Government. Twenty-five of the securities are mortgage-backed bonds that have the direct or implied backing of the U.S. Government. Three of the bonds are municipal securities and the remaining ten securities are corporate securities that are either trust preferred securities or subordinated debentures where the Bank performs a credit review regularly and such review has raised no concerns.

Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies, U.S. government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"), and the U.S. Treasury, including notes and mortgage-backed securities, accounted for the majority of the available-for-sale portfolio as of June 30, 2025, and the Bank expects no credit losses on these securities, given the explicit and implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. federal government. The available-for-sale portfolio also includes corporate securities, which are underwritten as loans with features that are typically found in commercial loans. Accordingly, the Bank monitors the credit quality of these corporate bonds through quarterly credit reviews to determine impairment, if any. The decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and the Bank does not have the intent to sell the U.S. government and agencies debt securities and the corporate securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Bank does not consider impairments on these securities to be credit related as of June 30, 2025.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at June 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories. (in thousands)


	Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity
	Amortized		Estimated		Amortized		Estimated
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Within 1 year	$	—	$	—	$	1,954	$	1,954
Greater than 1 to 5 years		9,210		8,812		11,670		11,844
Greater than 5 to 10 years		9,562		8,531		10,088		10,322
Greater than 10 years		10,332		7,392		—		—
		29,104		24,735		23,712		24,120
Government agency mortgage-backed securities		18,330		16,004		691		604
Total	$	47,434	$	40,739	$	24,403	$	24,724

There were no sales of investment securities available-for-sale during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Available-for-sale securities with a carrying value of approximately $ 6.0 million and $ 9.6 million were pledged to secure public deposits at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , respectively.

(3) Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Major classifications of loans, by collateral code, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows: (in thousands)


	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)	$	163,696		$	156,923
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		165,169			166,662
Commercial and industrial		148,302			148,150
Construction, land and acquisition & development		73,538			67,622
Residential mortgage 1-4 family		50,651			54,142
Consumer installment		129,779			120,616
Total		731,135			714,115
Less allowance for credit losses		( 8,542	)		( 8,496	)
Total loans, net	$	722,593		$	705,619

The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit to individuals and a variety of firms and corporations located primarily in the Atlanta, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate and is dependent upon the real estate market. The Bank also conducts lending within professional markets, with a primary focus on the dental industry in Georgia and adjoining states. The majority of these loans are commercial and industrial credits for practice acquisitions and equipment financing with the remainder being owner-occupied real estate. Accrued interest on loans totaled $ 2.2 million on June 30, 2025 and $ 2.3 million on December 31, 2024 and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table presents the balance in the allowance for credit losses as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands)


	Commercial (Secured by Real Estate - Owner Occupied)			Commercial (Secured by Real Estate - Non-Owner Occupied)			Commercial and Industrial			Construction, Land and Acquisition & Development		Residential Mortgage			Consumer Installment			Unallocated			Total
Allowance for Credit Loss
Beginning balance March 31, 2025	$	1,076		$	967		$	1,775		$	1,251	$	1,154		$	1,691		$	544		$	8,458
Provision		60			148			30			184		7			127			( 481	)		75
Charge-offs		—			—			—			—		—			( 38	)		—			( 38	)
Recoveries		—			—			—			—		27			20			—			47
Ending balance June 30, 2025	$	1,136		$	1,115		$	1,805		$	1,435	$	1,188		$	1,800		$	63		$	8,542
Allowance for Credit Loss
Beginning balance, December 31, 2024	$	1,082		$	1,115		$	1,753		$	1,134	$	1,227		$	1,632		$	553		$	8,496
Provision		54			—			52			301		( 66	)		274			( 490	)		125
Charge-offs		—			—			—			—		—			( 144	)		—			( 144	)
Recoveries		—			—			—			—		27			38			—			65
Ending balance, June 30, 2025	$	1,136		$	1,115		$	1,805		$	1,435	$	1,188		$	1,800		$	63		$	8,542
Allowance for Credit Loss
Beginning balance, March 31, 2024	$	1,404		$	1,292		$	1,736		$	1,079	$	1,002		$	1,512		$	570		$	8,595
Provision		( 95	)		31			( 29	)		97		149			123			( 276	)		—
Charge-offs		—			( 4	)		—			—		( 45	)		( 105	)		—			( 154	)
Recoveries		—			—			—			—		—			20			—			20
Ending balance, June 30, 2024	$	1,309		$	1,319		$	1,707		$	1,176	$	1,106		$	1,550		$	294		$	8,461
Allowance for Credit Loss
Beginning balance, December 31, 2023	$	1,397		$	1,298		$	1,806		$	927	$	1,038		$	1,534		$	921		$	8,921
Provision		( 88	)		185			( 99	)		249		118			262			( 627	)		—
Charge-offs		—			( 164	)		—			—		( 50	)		( 298	)		—			( 512	)
Recoveries		—			—			—			—		—			52			—			52
Ending balance, June 30, 2024	$	1,309		$	1,319		$	1,707		$	1,176	$	1,106		$	1,550		$	294		$	8,461

Allowance for credit loss on unfunded commitments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is summarized below:


	For the Three Months Ended					For the Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2025			June 30, 2024		June 30, 2025			June 30, 2024
(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	744		$	531	$	744		$	531
Provision		( 50	)		213		( 50	)		213
Ending Balance	$	694		$	744	$	694		$	744

The Bank individually evaluates loans meeting a certain threshold for impairment that are on nonaccrual status or are rated substandard (as described below).

Collateral-Dependent Loans
We classify a loan as collateral-dependent when our borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, and we expect repayment to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral. Our commercial loans have collateral that is comprised of real estate and business assets. Our consumer loans have collateral that is substantially comprised of residential real estate.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

There were no significant changes in the extent to which collateral secures our collateral-dependent loans as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , respectively, and we had $ 1.8 million and $ 2.0 million, respectively, of collateral-dependent loans without an allowance and no collateral-dependent loans with an allowance at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans, as well as the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 by class of loans: (in thousands)


June 30, 2025	30 -59 Days Past Due		60- 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Accruing Loans Past Due		Nonaccrual with Allowance		Nonaccrual without Allowance		Current		Total
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,831	$	161,865	$	163,696
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—		139		165,030		165,169
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		—		—		148,302		148,302
Construction, land and acquisition & development		—		—		—		—		—		15		73,523		73,538
Residential mortgage		126		—		—		126		—		2,221		48,304		50,651
Consumer installment		90		—		—		90		—		359		129,330		129,779
Total	$	216	$	—	$	—	$	216	$	—	$	4,565	$	726,354	$	731,135

December 31, 2024	30 -59 Days Past Due		60- 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Accruing Loans Past Due		Nonaccrual with Allowance		Nonaccrual without Allowance		Current		Total
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)	$	370	$	320	$	—	$	690	$	—	$	1,996	$	154,237	$	156,923
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—		152		166,510		166,662
Commercial and industrial		1		—		—		1		—		—		148,149		148,150
Construction, land and acquisition & development		—		—		—		—		—		17		67,605		67,622
Residential mortgage		1,117		97		—		1,214		—		2,313		50,615		54,142
Consumer installment		526		76		—		602		—		299		119,715		120,616
Total	$	2,014	$	493	$	—	$	2,507	$	—	$	4,777	$	706,831	$	714,115

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 , there was one commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) loan modification to a borrower with financial difficulty for $ 1.8 million that was previously modified in third quarter of 2024. The loan modification provided for a six-month period with reduced fixed payments of $ 5,000 for the first three months and $ 7,500 for the second three months. There were no loan modifications to a borrower with financial difficulty during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

No loan modifications made to a borrower with financial difficulty subsequently defaulted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

economic trends, among other factors. The Bank analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continuous basis. The Bank uses the following definitions for its risk ratings:

Special Mention. Loans have potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken or inadequately protect the Bank's credit position at some future date. Weaknesses are generally the result of deviation from prudent lending practices, such as over advances on collateral. Credits in this category should, within a 12-month period, move to Pass if improved or drop to Substandard if poor trends continue.

Substandard. Inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor, or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses such as primary source of repayment is gone or severely impaired or cash flow is insufficient to reduce debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans have the same weaknesses as those classified Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. The likelihood of a loss on an asset or portion of an asset classified Doubtful is high.

Loss. Loans considered uncollectible and of such little value that the continuance as a Bank asset is not warranted. This does not mean that the loan has no recovery or salvage value, but rather the asset should be charged off even though partial recovery may be possible in the future.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass rated loans. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category and year of origination of loans by class of loans is as follows: (in thousands)


June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021			Prior		Revolvers		Total
Pass
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)	$	10,942	$	16,371	$	13,167	$	24,500	$	20,002		$	72,189	$	4,410	$	161,581
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		6,269		37,991		24,193		35,917		26,554			26,301		7,277		164,502
Commercial and industrial		9,572		27,143		20,266		18,669		23,611			40,002		9,039		148,302
Construction, land and acquisition & development		13,429		46,433		9,308		2,721		962			460		210		73,523
Residential mortgage		1,534		3,879		4,879		5,607		1,980			23,424		6,695		47,998
Consumer installment		36,030		41,505		21,382		22,360		6,584			1,375		84		129,320
Total pass		77,776		173,322		93,195		109,774		79,693			163,751		27,715		725,226
Special Mention
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—	—		284		—		284
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—			528		—		528
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Construction, land and acquisition & development		—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Residential mortgage		—		—		—		—		—			386		—		386
Consumer installment		—		9		22		64		—			4		—		99
Total special mention		—		9		22		64		—			1,202		—		1,297
Substandard
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—			1,831		—		1,831
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—			139		—		139
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Construction, land and acquisition & development		—		—		—		—		—			15		—		15
Residential mortgage		—		—		—		175		93			1,999		—		2,267
Consumer installment		—		—		39		219		98			4		—		360
Total substandard		—		—		39		394		191			3,988		—		4,612

Total	$	77,776	$	173,331	$	93,256	$	110,232	$	79,884		$	168,941	$	27,715	$	731,135
Current year to date period gross charge-offs
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Construction, land and acquisition & development		—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Residential mortgage		—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Consumer installment		—		28		39		56		21			—		—		144
Total current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	28	$	39	$	56	$	21		$	—	$	—	$	144

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements


December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolvers		Total
Pass
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)	$	14,663	$	13,787	$	24,695	$	20,821	$	20,742	$	55,399	$	4,519	$	154,626
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		39,237		24,280		39,334		27,344		4,710		24,269		6,776		165,950
Commercial and industrial		24,559		20,808		18,352		26,309		13,280		33,914		10,928		148,150
Construction, land and acquisition & development		43,503		16,831		5,770		1,026		101		374		—		67,605
Residential mortgage		4,127		6,605		5,970		2,022		1,478		24,811		6,345		51,358
Consumer installment		50,830		27,834		29,226		9,488		2,022		597		101		120,098
Total pass		176,919		110,145		123,347		87,010		42,333		139,364		28,669		707,787
Special Mention
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—		301		—		301
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—		534		—		534
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Construction, land and acquisition & development		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgage		—		—		—		—		—		212		—		212
Consumer installment		6		80		76		48		8		—		—		218
Total special mention		6		80		76		48		8		1,047		—		1,265
Substandard
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—		1,996		—		1,996
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—		178		—		178
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Construction, land and acquisition & development		—		—		—		—		17		—		—		17
Residential mortgage		—		—		185		185		96		2,106		—		2,572
Consumer installment		—		90		50		153		3		4		—		300
Total substandard		—		90		235		338		116		4,284		—		5,063

Total	$	176,925	$	110,315	$	123,658	$	87,396	$	42,457	$	144,695	$	28,669	$	714,115
Gross charge-offs
Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied)		—		—		—		—		—		164		—		164
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Construction, land and acquisition & development		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgage		—		—		5		—		—		45		—		50
Consumer installment		6		76		360		79		—		6		—		527
Total current period gross write-offs	$	6	$	76	$	365	$	79	$	—	$	215	$	—	$	741

(4) Intangible Assets

The core deposit premium intangible asset had a gross carrying amount of $ 1.9 million and accumulated amortization of $ 1.1 million at June 30, 2025 . The core deposit premium intangible asset had a gross carrying amount of $ 1.9 million and accumulated amortization of $ 956,000 at December 31, 2024 . Aggregate amortization expense was $ 48,000 and $ 95,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Goodwill acquired through acquisition was $ 17.2 million at June 30, 2025 and 2024 . No impairment loss was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 .

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(5) Deposits

The aggregate amount of certificates of deposit ("CDs") of $250,000 or more, the standard FDIC deposit insurance coverage limit per depositor, was approximately $ 37.5 million at June 30, 2025 , and $ 35.2 million at December 31, 2024 . Due to the FDIC insurance coverage rules and limits for a depositor's specific group of deposit accounts, it is important to note that not all deposits in excess of $ 250,000 are uninsured.

Brokered CDs totaled $ 106.8 million and had a weighted average rate of 4.32 % and a weighted average maturity of 18 months at June 30, 2025 and $ 106.3 million and had a weighted average rate of 4.50 % and a weighted average maturity of 19 months at December 31, 2024.

(6) Borrowings

The following Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") advances, which required monthly or quarterly interest payments, were outstanding at June 30, 2025.


Advance Date	Advance		Interest Rate			Maturity	Rate	Call Feature
1/6/2023	$	10,000,000		4.22	%	1/6/2026	Fixed	N/A
1/6/2023		10,000,000		3.94	%	1/6/2028	Fixed	N/A
10/25/2023		10,000,000		3.99	%	10/25/2028	Convertible	7/25/2025
7/11/2024		14,000,000		3.50	%	7/11/2029	Convertible	7/11/2025
6/13/2025		10,000,000		3.48	%	6/13/2029	Convertible	9/15/2025
	$	54,000,000

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , the FHLB advances were collateralized by certain loans which totaled approximately $ 444.1 million and $ 434.5 million, and by the Company’s investment in FHLB stock which totaled approximately $ 3.2 million and $ 3.2 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The Company had one FHLB letter of credit of $ 13.0 million and $ 12.5 million, used to collateralize public deposits, outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company has Federal Funds unsecured lines of credit totaling $ 32.5 million. No amount was borrowed under these lines as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company also has a line of $ 59.1 million and $ 65.1 million with the Federal Reserve Bank secured by $ 83.0 million and $ 84.0 million in loans and investment securities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , respectively. There was $ 0 and $ 4.8 million outstanding under the Federal Reserve's Bank Term Funding Program at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , respectively. The advance was paid in full on maturity date in the first quarter of 2025.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(7) Employee Stock Ownership Plan

The Company sponsors an employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) that covers all employees who meet certain service requirements. The Company makes annual contributions to the ESOP in amounts as defined by the plan document. These contributions are used to pay debt service and purchase additional shares. Certain ESOP shares are pledged as collateral for debt. As the debt is repaid, shares are released from collateral and allocated to active employees, based on the proportion of debt service paid in the year.

In 2017, the ESOP borrowed $ 3.0 million payable to the Company for the purpose of purchasing shares of the Company’s common stock. A total of 295,499 shares were purchased with the loan proceeds as part of the Company’s initial stock offering. In 2021, the ESOP borrowed $ 3.0 million payable to the Company for the purpose of purchasing additional shares of the Company’s common stock. A total of 225,721 shares were purchased with the loan proceeds as part of the Company’s second stock offering. Total ESOP expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was approximately $ 315,000 with $ 211,000 of the expense related to the special dividend paid in first quarter of 2025. Total ESOP expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was approximately $ 632,000 with $ 422,000 of the expense related to the special dividend paid in first quarter of 2025. Total ESOP expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was approximately $ 96,000 and $ 182,000 . The balance of the note payable of the ESOP was approximately $ 4.2 million and $ 5.0 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Because the source of the loan payments is contributions received by the ESOP from the Company, the related note receivable is shown as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , 122,000 shares had been released.

(8) Stock-Based Compensation

In 2018, shareholders approved the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, which authorizes the issuance of up to 133,987 shares of common stock pursuant to restricted stock grants and up to 334,970 shares of common stock pursuant to the exercise of options.

In 2022, shareholders approved the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, which authorizes the issuance of up to 148,060 shares of common stock pursuant to restricted stock grants and up to 370,150 shares of common stock pursuant to the exercise of options.

A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock option grants, while the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant is used to estimate the fair value of restricted stock awards.


	As of June 30,
	2025

Dividend yield		0	%
Expected volatility		28.16	%
Risk-free interest rate		4.28	%
Expected average life		7.50
Weighted average per share fair value	$	7.73

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity is summarized below.


Stock Options	Option Shares Outstanding		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)

Outstanding - December 31, 2024		640,766	$	12.58		6.75	$	5,724
Exercised		11,921		12.98
Forfeited		13,406		14.38
Outstanding March 31, 2025		615,439		12.53		6.49	$	3,582
Exercisable - March 31, 2025		361,473	$	11.56		5.72	$	2,453
Granted		7,000		18.53
Outstanding June 30, 2025		622,439		12.60		6.28	$	3,513
Exercisable - June 30, 2025		401,568	$	11.44		5.49	$	2,729

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Intrinsic value represents the amount by which the fair market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the stock options.

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock activity is summarized below.


Restricted Stock	Restricted Shares Outstanding			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

Outstanding - December 31, 2023		166,591		$	13.46
Vested		( 3,467	)
Outstanding - March 31, 2024		163,124			13.44
Vested		( 27,174	)
Outstanding - June 30, 2024		135,950			14.06
Outstanding, December 31, 2024		107,609		$	13.88
Vested *		( 3,466	)
Outstanding March 31, 2025		104,143		$	13.86
Vested *		( 18,824	)
Outstanding June 30, 2025		85,319		$	14.72

* The terms of the restricted stock agreements permit the surrender of shares to the Company upon vesting in order to satisfy applicable tax withholding requirements at the minimum statutory withholding rate, and accordingly, 1,593 and 1,867 shares were surrendered during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 .

The Company recognized approximately $ 244,000 , $ 321,000 , $ 549,000 and $ 670,000 , of stock-based compensation expense during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 respectively, associated with its common stock awards granted to directors and officers. This expense is net of approximately $ 29,000 and $ 0 during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 , respectively, for shares surrendered to satisfy applicable tax withholding requirements. This expense is net of approximately $ 34,000 and $ 0 during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 respectively for shares surrendered to satisfy applicable tax withholding requirements.

As of June 30, 2025 , there was approximately $ 1.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to equity award grants. The cost is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining vesting period of approximately 1.26 years.

(9) Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. From time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as collateral dependent loans and other real estate owned. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of the lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. Additionally, the Company is required to disclose, but not record, the fair value of other financial instruments.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

Level 2 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3 – Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Following are descriptions of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Investment Securities Available-for-Sale

Available-for-sale securities are recorded at market value. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, and U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored enterprises and state, county and municipal bonds. Securities classified as Level 3 include asset-backed securities in less liquid markets.

Other Investments

The carrying value of other investments includes FHLB stock and First National Bankers Bank stock and approximates fair value.

Loans

The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis, unless a loan is considered collateral dependent and a specific reserve may be required to be established within the allowance for credit losses. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered individually evaluated. Once a loan is identified as collateral dependent, management measures impairment in accordance with GAAP. The fair value of collateral dependent loans is estimated using one of three methods, including collateral value, market value of similar debt, and discounted cash flows. Those collateral dependent loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceeds the recorded investments in such loans. In accordance with GAAP, collateral dependent loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price, the Company records the collateral dependent loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is used or an appraisal is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Company records the collateral dependent loan as nonrecurring Level 3. For disclosure purposes, the fair value of fixed rate loans which are not considered collateral dependent is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings. For non collateral dependent variable rate loans, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value for disclosure purposes.

Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned properties are adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the loans to other real estate. Subsequently, other real estate assets are carried at fair value less estimated selling costs. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price, the Bank records the other real estate as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is used or an appraisal is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Bank records the other real estate asset as nonrecurring Level 3.

Deposits

The fair value of savings accounts, interest bearing checking accounts, non-interest bearing checking accounts and market rate checking accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date, while the fair value of fixed maturity certificates of deposit is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates at which comparable certificates would be issued.

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings

FHLB advances are carried at cost and the fair value is obtained from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta. Federal Funds
Purchased are carried at cost and because they are overnight funds, the carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Commitments to Extend Credit

Commitments to extend credit are short-term and, therefore, the carrying value and the fair value are considered immaterial for disclosure.

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company’s only assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are available-for-sale securities that had fair values of approximately $ 40.7 million and $ 36.5 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. They are classified as Level 2.

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are included in the table below as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands).


June 30, 2025	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collateral dependent loans		—		—		1,831		1,831
Total assets at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	1,831	$	1,831

December 31, 2024	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collateral dependent loans		—		—		2,000		2,000
Total assets at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,000

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values (in thousands) of the Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:


		June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
		Carrying		Estimated		Carrying		Estimated
		Amount		Fair Value		Amount		Fair Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	89,666	$	89,666	$	41,425	$	41,425
Investment securities available-for-sale	Level 2		40,739		40,739		36,502		36,502
Investment securities held-to-maturity	Level 2		24,366		24,724		27,299		27,286
Other investments	Level 3		6,243		6,243		6,175		6,175
Loans, net	Level 3		722,593		719,419		705,619		693,346
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	Level 3		749,338		749,900		673,481		672,708
FHLB advances and other borrowings	Level 3		54,000		53,689		58,815		58,944

AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on many judgments. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments include deferred income taxes and premises and equipment. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “target” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•

statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;

•

statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;

•

statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and

•

estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this report.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:

•

general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected;

•

changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses;

•

our ability to access cost-effective funding;

•

changes in liquidity, including the size and composition of our deposit portfolio and the percentage of uninsured deposits in the portfolio;

•

fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;

•

demand for loans and deposits in our market area;

•

our ability to implement and change our business strategies;

•

competition among depository and other financial institutions, including with respect to service charges and fees;

•

inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, our mortgage banking revenues, the fair value of financial instruments or our level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans we have made and make;

•

adverse changes in the securities or secondary mortgage markets;

•

changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;

•

changes in tax laws and the effects of tariffs and retaliatory responses;

•

changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios;

•

technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;

•

failure or breaches of our IT security systems;

•

the inability of third-party providers to perform as expected;

•

our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;

•

our ability to introduce new products and services, enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

•

our ability to successfully integrate into our operations any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we may acquire and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames, and any goodwill charges related thereto;

•

changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

•

changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;

•

our ability to retain key employees;

•

the effects of global or national war, conflict or acts of terrorism;

•

the potential effects of new or increased tariffs and trade restrictions;

•

changes in the value of our goodwill or other intangible assets;

•

risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic or any other public health emergency;

•

the effects of any Federal government shutdown;

•

our compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to our employees; and

•

changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.

Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A summary of our accounting policies is described in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies as described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Comparison of Financial Condition at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024

Total assets increased $67.0 million, or 7.8%, to $933.8 million at June 30, 2025 from $866.8 million at December 31, 2024, due primarily to increases in loans and cash and cash equivalents.

Gross loans increased $17.0 million, or 2.4%, to $731.1 million at June 30, 2025 from $714.1 million at December 31, 2024. Construction loans increased $5.9 million, or 8.7%, to $73.5 million at June 30, 2025 from $67.6 million at December 31, 2024. Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans increased $6.8 million or 4.3%, and consumer installment loans increased $9.2 million or 7.6%. We experienced decreases in residential mortgage loans of $3.5 million or 6.4%, and in nonowner-occupied commercial real estate of $1.5 million or 0.9%.

Total deposits increased $75.9 million, or 11.3%, to $749.3 million at June 30, 2025 from $673.5 million at December 31, 2024, reflecting increases in all deposit types. Demand deposits increased $10.4 million, or 4.6%, and money market and savings accounts increased $32.1 million, or 14.3%, as a result of our business customers' cyclical demands at year-end. Our certificates of deposit include brokered deposits at June 30, 2025, totaling $106.8 million, which had an average life of 18 months and an average interest rate of 4.32%. The loan-to-deposit ratio at June 30, 2025 was 97.6%, as compared to 106.0% at December 31, 2024.

We had $54.0 million of FHLB advances at June 30, 2025, and $54.0 million of FHLB advances and $4.8 million in other borrowings at December 31, 2024.

Stockholders’ equity decreased by $5.0 million, or 3.9%, to $124.1 million at June 30, 2025 compared to $129.1 million at December 31, 2024, primarily due to a special dividend payment in the first quarter of $1.50 per share totaling $8.8 million, as well as $2.1 million in common stock repurchased, offset by net income of $4.0 million during the six months of 2025, ESOP related and

stock compensation expense of $1.2 million and a change in unrealized gain on investment securities available-for-sale, net of tax, of $711,000.

Average Balance Sheets

The following table sets forth average balance sheets, average annualized yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments have been made, as the effects would be immaterial. All average balances are monthly average balances. Non-accrual loans were included in the computation of average balances. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, discounts, and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense.


	For the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025							2024
	Average Outstanding Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Rate			Average Outstanding Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Rate
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	727,975	$	11,195		6.17	%	$	681,903	$	10,479		6.18	%
Investment securities held-to-maturity		26,854		411		6.14	%		34,237		529		6.21	%
Investment securities available-for-sale		40,727		355		3.50	%		47,581		479		4.05	%
Interest-earning deposits and federal funds		72,414		770		4.27	%		50,973		648		5.11	%
Other investments		6,227		92		5.93	%		5,487		87		6.38	%
Total interest-earning assets		874,197		12,823		5.88	%		820,181		12,222		5.99	%
Non-interest-earning assets		47,636							51,122
Total assets	$	921,833						$	871,303

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing checking accounts	$	83,869	$	99		0.47	%	$	89,110	$	115		0.52	%
Money market accounts		166,401		1,258		3.03	%		145,886		1,173		3.23	%
Savings accounts		83,494		592		2.84	%		73,775		526		2.87	%
Certificates of deposit		256,024		2,576		4.04	%		218,824		2,285		4.20	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		589,788		4,525		3.08	%		527,595		4,099		3.12	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings		54,000		520		3.86	%		63,674		555		3.51	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		643,788		5,045		3.14	%		591,269		4,654		3.17	%
Non-interest-bearing liabilities		154,844							155,659
Total liabilities		798,632							746,928
Total stockholders' equity		123,201							124,375
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	921,833						$	871,303
Net interest rate spread						2.74	%						2.82	%
Net interest income			$	7,778						$	7,568
Net interest margin						3.57	%						3.71	%


	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025							2024
	Average Outstanding Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Rate			Average Outstanding Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Rate
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	720,966	$	21,843		6.11	%	$	673,282	$	19,978		5.97	%
Investment securities held-to-maturity		27,082		832		6.20	%		34,225		1,056		6.20	%
Investment securities available-for-sale		39,465		679		3.47	%		47,875		942		3.96	%
Interest-earning deposits and federal funds		65,896		1,385		4.24	%		50,527		1,296		5.16	%
Other investments		6,206		189		6.14	%		5,467		171		6.29	%
Total interest-earning assets		859,615		24,928		5.85	%		811,376		23,443		5.81	%
Non-interest-earning assets		47,862							51,633
Total assets	$	907,477						$	863,009

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing checking accounts	$	82,740	$	182		0.44	%	$	88,584	$	217		0.49	%
Money market accounts		161,502		2,421		3.02	%		143,243		2,258		3.17	%
Savings accounts		81,370		1,147		2.84	%		74,093		1,054		2.86	%
Certificates of deposit		247,512		5,021		4.09	%		219,315		4,571		4.19	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		573,124		8,771		3.09	%		525,235		8,100		3.10	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings		54,426		1,042		3.86	%		58,145		1,025		3.55	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		627,550		9,813		3.15	%		583,380		9,125		3.15	%
Non-interest-bearing liabilities		152,991							156,177
Total liabilities		780,541							739,557
Total stockholders' equity		126,936							123,452
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	907,477						$	863,009
Net interest rate spread						2.70	%						2.66	%
Net interest income			$	15,115						$	14,318
Net interest margin						3.55	%						3.55	%

Rate/Volume Analysis

The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the periods indicated. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The total column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 vs. 2024									Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 vs. 2024
	Increase (Decrease) Due to						Total			Increase (Decrease) Due to						Total
							Increase									Increase
	Volume			Rate			(Decrease)			Volume			Rate			(Decrease)
	(In thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	896		$	(180	)	$	716		$	1,826		$	39		$	1,865
Investment securities held-to-maturity		(118	)		—			(118	)		(224	)		—			(224	)
Investment securities available-for-sale		(120	)		(4	)		(124	)		(257	)		(6	)		(263	)
Interest-earning deposits and federal funds		1,313			(1,191	)		122			1,252			(1,163	)		89
Other investments		49			(44	)		5			36			(18	)		18
Total interest-earning assets		2,020			(1,419	)		601			2,633			(1,148	)		1,485

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing checking accounts		(16	)		—			(16	)		(35	)		—			(35	)
Market rate checking accounts		744			(659	)		85			630			(467	)		163
Savings accounts		105			(39	)		66			122			(29	)		93
Certificates of deposit		1,119			(828	)		291			940			(490	)		450
Total interest-bearing deposits		1,952			(1,526	)		426			1,657			(986	)		671
FHLB advances and other borrowings		(412	)		377			(35	)		(312	)		329			17
Total interest-bearing liabilities		1,540			(1,149	)		391			1,345			(657	)		688

Change in net interest income	$	480		$	(270	)	$	210		$	1,288		$	(491	)	$	797

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

General. Net income was $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was caused by an increase in net interest income and a decrease in noninterest expenses offset by a decrease in noninterest income.

Interest Income. Interest income increased $601,000, or 4.9%, to $12.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $12.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase in income from loans, paritally offset by a decrease in income from investment securities. Interest income on loans increased $716,000, or 6.8%, to $11.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $10.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Our average balance of loans increased by $46.1 million, or 6.8%, to $728.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $681.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The average balance of loans increased due to steady loan demand.

Interest income on interest-earning deposits and federal funds increased $122,000 to $770,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $648,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The yields we received on these funds decreased to 4.27% from 5.11% due to the continued changes in the interest rate environment . The average balance of interest-earning deposits and federal funds increased $21.4 million to $72.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $51.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Interest income on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities decreased $242,000 to $766,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The average balance of securities was $67.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $81.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $391,000 to $5.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $4.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to increases in the average balances of interest-bearing liabilities.

Interest expense on deposits increased $426,000 to $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $4.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The largest increase was in interest expense on certificates of deposits, which increased $291,000 to $2.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The average rate we paid on certificates of deposits decreased 16 basis points to 4.04% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from 4.20% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, due to the continued changes in the interest rate environment, while the average balance increased by $37.2 million to $256.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $218.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Interest expense on borrowings decreased $35,000 to $520,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $555,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, due to a decrease in average borrowings of $9.7 million.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income before provision for credit losses increased $210,000, or 2.8%, to $7.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $7.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Our net interest rate spread decreased to 2.74% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from 2.82% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and our net interest margin decreased to 3.57% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from 3.71% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as the yields we earned on our interest-earning assets decreased. Yield on interest bearing assets decreased 11 basis points, outpacing decrease in rate paid on interest bearing liabilities by three basis points.

Provision for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses consists of provisions for credit losses for loans and unfunded loan commitments, as well as held-to-maturity securities.

Provisions for credit losses for loans are charged to operations to establish an allowance for credit losses at a level necessary to absorb known and inherent losses in our loan portfolio that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the date of the consolidated financial statements. In evaluating the level of the allowance for credit losses for loans, management analyzes several qualitative loan portfolio risk factors including, but not limited to, management’s ongoing review and grading of loans, facts and issues related to specific loans, historical loan loss and delinquency experience, trends in past due and non-accrual loans, existing risk characteristics of specific loans or loan pools, the fair value of underlying collateral, current economic conditions and other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect potential credit losses.

Provisions for credit losses for unfunded commitments are charged to operations to establish an allowance for credit losses for contractual obligations to extend credit. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The estimate is influenced by historical loss experience, adjusted for current risk characteristics, and economic factors.

Provisions for credit losses for held-to-maturity securities are also charged to operations to establish an allowance on a collective basis by major security type. The estimate of expected credit losses for held-to-maturity securities considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

After an evaluation of these factors, we recorded a provision for credit losses of $17,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and a $213,000 provision for the three months ended June 30, 2024. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $75,000 in provision for credit losses for loans, a provision reversal for credit losses for unfunded commitments of $50,000, and a provision reversal for credit losses for held to maturity securities of $8,000 for three months ended June 30, 2025. Our allowance for credit losses was $8.5 million at June 30, 2025, December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024. The allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.17% at June 30, 2025 compared to 1.19% at December 31, 2024. The allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans was 190.3% at June 30, 2025 compared to 177.9% at December 31, 2024. Net loan recovery was $9,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to net loan charge-offs of $134,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

To the best of our knowledge, we have recorded all credit losses that are both probable and reasonable to estimate at June 30, 2025. However, future changes in the factors described above, including, but not limited to, actual loss experience with respect to our loan portfolio, could result in material increases in our provision for credit losses. In addition, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, as an integral part of its examination process, periodically reviews our allowance for credit losses, and as a result of such reviews, we may have to adjust our allowance for credit losses. However, regulatory agencies are not directly involved in the process of establishing the allowance for credit losses as the process is our responsibility and any increase or decrease in the allowance is the responsibility of management.

Noninterest Income. Noninterest income decreased $166,000, or 23.5%, to $540,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $706,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 due to a decline in merchant services volume and gain on sale of other real estate that was recorded in prior year.

Noninterest Expenses. Non-interest expenses information is as follows.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2025		2024		Amount			Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	3,260	$	3,417		(157	)		(4.6	)%
Occupancy		595		615		(20	)		(3.3	)%
Data processing		550		508		42			8.3	%
Other		1,062		2,179		(1,117	)		(51.3	)%
Total non-interest expenses	$	5,467	$	6,719	$	(1,252	)		(18.6	)%

Other fees decreased by $1.1 million to $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, due to a decrease in professional fees. The decrease in professional fees was attributable to costs in the prior year related to a prospective merger transaction that was ultimately not completed.

Income Tax Expense. We recorded income tax expense of $682,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $311,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The effective tax rate was 24.1% and 23.2% for the respective periods.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

General. Net income was $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was caused by an increase in net interest income and a decrease in noninterest expenses that were partially offset by a decrease in noninterest income.

Interest Income. Interest income increased $1.5 million, or 6.3%, to $24.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $23.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was due to increases in income from loans and interest-earning deposits partially offset by a decrease in income from investment securities. Interest income on loans increased $1.9 million, or 9.3%, to $21.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $20.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Our average balance of loans increased by $47.7 million, or 7.1%, to $721.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $673.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The average balance of loans increased due to steady loan demand. The average yield on loans increased 14 basis points to 6.11% for the current period, as compared to 5.97% for the prior year period, due to the loans being originated or repricing at higher yields during the current period.

Interest income on interest-earning deposits and federal funds increased $89,000 to $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The average balance of interest-earning deposits and federal funds increased $15.4 million to $65.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $50.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as we held excess cash to increase liquidity. The yields we received on these funds decreased to 4.24% from 5.16% due to the continued changes in the interest rate environment.

Interest income on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities increased $469,000 to $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The average balance of securities was $66.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $82.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $688,000 to $9.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $9.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

We recognized increases in most categories of interest expense. The largest increase was in interest expense on certificates of deposit, which increased $450,000 to $5.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The average rate we paid on certificates of deposit decreased 10 basis points to 4.09% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from 4.19% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, due to the continued changes in the interest rate environment. In addition, the average balance of certificates of deposit increased $28.2 million to $247.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $219.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as customers increased deposits in higher-yielding accounts due to the current interest rate environment. We also experienced an increase in interest expense on money market accounts of $163,000 to $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to increases in average balance of $18.3 million to $161.5 million.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased $797,000, or 5.6%, to $15.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $14.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Our net interest rate spread increased to 2.70% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from 2.66% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and our net interest margin stayed at 3.55% for six months ended June 30, 2025 and six months ended June 30, 2024.

Provision for Credit Losses. The provisions for credit losses consists of provisions for credit losses for loans and unfunded loan commitments, as well as held-to-maturity securities.

After an evaluation of the factors described above, we recorded provisions for credit losses of $67,000 and $213,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.For the six months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $125,000 in provision for credit losses for loans, a provision reversal for credit losses for unfunded commitments of $50,000 and a provision reversal for credit losses for held to maturity securities of $8,000. Our allowance for credit losses was $8.5 million at June 30, 2025, December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024. The allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.17% at June 30, 2025 compared to 1.19% at December 31, 2024 and 1.22% at June 30, 2024. Net charge-offs were $79,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to net charge-offs of $460,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Noninterest Income. Noninterest income decreased $269,000 to $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, due to a decline in merchant services volume and gain on sale of other real estate that was recorded in prior year.

Noninterest Expenses Noninterest expenses information is as follows.


	Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2025		2024		Amount			Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	6,619	$	6,596	$	23			0.3	%
Occupancy		1,200		1,233		(33	)		(2.7	)%
Data processing		1,093		1,019		74			7.3	%
Other		1,914		3,442		(1,528	)		(44.4	)%
Total non-interest expenses	$	10,826	$	12,290	$	(1,464	)		(11.9	)%

Other fees decreased by $1.5 million to $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease was mainly related to a decrease in professional fees was attributable to costs in the prior year related to a prospective merger transaction that was ultimately not completed.

Income Tax Expense. We recorded income tax expense of $1.3 million with effective tax rate of 24.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $739,000 with effective tax rate of 23.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Management of Market Risk

General. Our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk because, as a financial institution, the majority of our assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Therefore, a principal part of our operations is to manage interest rate risk and limit the exposure of our financial condition and results of operations to changes in market interest rates. Our Asset/Liability Management Committee is responsible for evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities, for determining the level of risk that is appropriate, given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the policy and guidelines approved by our board of directors. We currently utilize a third-party modeling program, prepared on a quarterly basis, to evaluate our sensitivity to changing interest rates, given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the guidelines approved by the board of directors.

We have sought to manage our interest rate risk in order to minimize the exposure of our earnings and capital to changes in interest rates. We have implemented the following strategies to manage our interest rate risk:

•

limiting our reliance on non-core/wholesale funding sources;

•

growing our volume of transaction deposit accounts;

•

increasing our investment securities portfolio, with an average maturity of less than 15 years;

•

diversifying our loan portfolio by adding more commercial-related loans and consumer loans, which typically have shorter maturities and/or balloon payments; and

•

continuing to price our one-to-four family residential real estate loan products in a way that encourages borrowers to select our balloon loans as opposed to longer-term, fixed-rate loans.

By following these strategies, we believe that we are better positioned to react to increases in market interest rates. In addition, we originate adjustable-rate, one-to-four-family residential real estate loans and home equity loans and lines of credit.

We do not engage in hedging activities, such as engaging in futures, options or swap transactions, or investing in high-risk mortgage derivatives, such as collateralized mortgage obligation residual interests, real estate mortgage investment conduit residual interests or stripped mortgage-backed securities.

Net Interest Income. We analyze our sensitivity to changes in interest rates through a net interest income model. Net interest income is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. We estimate what our net interest income would be for a 12-month period. We then calculate what the net interest income would be for the same period under the assumptions that the United States Treasury yield curve increases or decreases instantaneously by 200 and 400 basis point increments, with changes in interest rates representing immediate and permanent, parallel shifts in the yield curve. A basis point equals one-hundredth of one percent, and 100 basis points equals one percent. An increase in interest rates from 3% to 4% would mean, for example, a 100 basis point increase in the “Change in Interest Rates” column below.

The table below sets forth, as of June 30, 2025, the calculation of the estimated changes in our net interest income that would result from the designated immediate changes in the United States Treasury yield curve.


Change in Interest Rates (basis points) (1)	Net Interest Income Year 1 Forecast		Year 1 Change from Level
	(Dollars in thousands)
+400	$	32,754		(3.45	)%
+200		33,428		(1.46	)%
Level		33,924	—
-200		32,797		(3.32	)%
-400		31,187		(8.07	)%

(1) Assumes an immediate uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.

The table above indicates that at June 30, 2025, in the event of an instantaneous parallel 200 basis point increase in interest rates, we would have experienced a 1.46% decrease in net interest income, and in the event of an instantaneous 200 basis point decrease in interest rates, we would have experienced a 3.32% decrease in net interest income. At June 30, 2024, in the event of an instantaneous parallel 200 basis point increase in interest rates, we would have experienced a 1.59% decrease in net interest income, and in the event of an instantaneous 200 basis point decrease in interest rates, we would have experienced a 3.33% decrease in net interest income.

Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in the above interest rate risk measurement. Modeling changes require making certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. In this regard, the net interest income table presented assumes that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although the net interest income table provides an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on net interest income and will differ from actual results. Furthermore, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Additionally, certain assets, such as adjustable-rate loans, have features that restrict changes in interest rates both on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset.

Interest rate risk calculations also may not reflect the fair values of financial instruments. For example, decreases in market interest rates can increase the fair values of our loans, deposits and borrowings.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, proceeds from the sale of loans, and proceeds from maturities of securities. We also have the ability to borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta. At June 30, 2025, we had a $216.7 million line of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, with advances of $54.0 million outstanding and a $13.0 million letter of credit outstanding, and we had a $5.0 million unsecured federal funds line of credit, a $7.5 million unsecured federal funds line of credit, and a $20.0 million unsecured federal funds line of credit. We also had a line of $59.1 million with the Federal Reserve Bank secured by $83.0 million in loans.

While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash and short-term investments including interest-bearing demand deposits. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending, and investing activities during any given period.

Our cash flows are comprised of three primary classifications: cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Net cash used in investing activities was $17.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $28.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Net cash used in investing activities typically consists primarily of disbursements for loan originations and any purchases of investment securities. Net cash provided by financing activities, which consists primarily of activity in deposit accounts and proceeds/repayments of borrowings and dividends, was $60.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, which reflected increases in deposits accounts of $75.9 million, partially offset by dividend payments of $8.8 million, repaying $4.8 million in borrowings, and stock repurchases of $2.1 million, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $27.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position. We monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments. Based on our deposit retention experience and current pricing strategy, we anticipate that a significant portion of maturing time deposits will be retained.

At June 30, 2025, we exceeded all of our regulatory capital requirements and the Bank was categorized as “well capitalized.” Management is not aware of any conditions or events since the most recent notification that would change our category. The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios for June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are presented in the table below (in thousands).


						For Capital					To Be Well Capitalized
						Adequacy					Under Prompt Corrective
	Actual					Purposes					Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
As of June 30, 2025:

Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk Weighted Assets)	$	95,961		11.66	%	$	37,035		4.50	%	$	53,495		6.50	%
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)		105,257		12.79	%		65,837		8.00	%		82,296		10.00	%
Tier I Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)		95,961		11.66	%		49,380		6.00	%		65,837		8.00	%
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets)		95,961		10.55	%		36,383		4.00	%		45,479		5.00	%

As of December 31, 2024:
Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk Weighted Assets)	$	103,955		12.96	%	$	36,095		4.50	%	$	52,138		6.50	%
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)		113,256		14.12	%		64,168		8.00	%		80,210		10.00	%
Tier I Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)		103,955		12.96	%		48,127		6.00	%		64,168		8.00	%
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets)		103,955		12.01	%		34,623		4.00	%		43,279		5.00	%

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations

Commitments. As a financial services provider, we routinely are a party to various financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risks, such as commitments to extend credit and unused lines of credit. While these contractual obligations represent our future cash requirements, a significant portion of commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process accorded to loans we make. At June 30, 2025, we had outstanding commitments to originate loans of $83.3 million. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds available to meet our current lending commitments. Time deposits that are scheduled to mature in less than one year from June 30, 2025 totaled $149.3 million. Management expects that a substantial portion of the maturing time deposits will be renewed. However, if a substantial portion of these deposits is not retained, we may utilize FHLB advances or raise interest rates on deposits to attract new accounts, which may result in higher levels of interest expense.

Contractual Obligations. In the ordinary course of our operations, we enter into certain contractual obligations. Such obligations include data processing services, operating leases for premises and equipment, agreements with respect to borrowed funds and deposit liabilities.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitati ve Disclosures About Market Risk

The information required by this item is included in Part 1, Item 2 of this quarterly report under “Management of Market Risk.”

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of June 30, 2025. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHE R INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

At June 30, 2025, we were not involved in any legal proceedings the outcome of which would be material to our financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Ri sk Factors

Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi ty Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table sets forth information in connection with repurchases of shares of the Company's common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2025:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)		Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under Plans or Programs (1)

April 1, 2025 through April 30, 2025		32,959		17.77		32,959		221,706
May 1, 2025 through May 31, 2025		5,017		18.22		5,017		216,689
June 1, 2025 through June 30, 2025		15,732		18.24		15,732		200,957
		53,708	$	17.95		53,708		200,957

The Company's Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program on March 7, 2025, which authorized the repurchase of up to 320,480 shares of the Company's common stock (approximately 5.0% of the then-outstanding shares). As of June 30, 2025, the Company had repurchased 119,523 shares pursuant to the plan. There is no expiration date for the stock repurchase plan.

Item 3. Defaults Upo n Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Saf ety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. O ther Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2025 , none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as that term is used in Securities and Exchange Commission regulations.

Item 6. E xhibits


Exhibit
Number		Description

3.1		Articles of Incorporation of Affinity Bancshares, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Commission File No. 333-248745)

3.2		Bylaws of Affinity Bancshares, Inc.(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Commission File No. 333-248745)

31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32		Written Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.0		The following materials for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, formatted in inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Balance Sheets, (ii) Statements of Income, (iii) Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Financial Statements

104.0		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

SIGNA TURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		AFFINITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Date:	August 12, 2025	/s/ Edward J. Cooney
		Edward J. Cooney
		President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:	August 12, 2025	/s/ Brandi Pajot
		Brandi Pajot
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Financi Item 1. Financial Statements Item 1. Financi Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitati Item 4. Controls and Procedures Item 4. Controls Part II Other Information Part II Othe Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1. Legal Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1A. Ri Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equi Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 3. Defaults Upo Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 4. Mine Saf Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

3.1 Articles of Incorporation of Affinity Bancshares, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Commission File No. 333-248745) 3.2 Bylaws of Affinity Bancshares, Inc.(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Commission File No. 333-248745) 31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32 Written Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

AFBI 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2025

Exhibits