AFG 10-Q Quarterly Report June 30, 2013 | Alphaminr
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP INC
ALPHAMINR

AFG 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2013

Balance Sheet
Cash Flow
Income Statement
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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP INC
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10-Q 1 afg-201363010q.htm 10-Q AFG-2013.6.30 10Q

______________________________________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2013
Commission File No. 1-13653



AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Incorporated under the Laws of Ohio
IRS Employer I.D. No. 31-1544320
301 East Fourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
(513) 579-2121
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company:
Large Accelerated Filer þ Accelerated Filer ¨ Non-Accelerated Filer ¨ Smaller Reporting Company ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company.    Yes ¨ No þ
As of August 1, 2013 , there were 88,968,433 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding, excluding 14.9 million shares owned by subsidiaries.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

PART I
ITEM I — FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in Millions)
June 30,
2013
December 31,
2012
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,271

$
1,705

Investments:
Fixed maturities, available for sale at fair value (amortized cost — $23,740 and $22,083)
25,035

24,118

Fixed maturities, trading at fair value
293

321

Equity securities, at fair value (cost — $984 and $778)
1,199

939

Mortgage loans
599

607

Policy loans
242

228

Real estate and other investments
623

531

Total cash and investments
29,262

28,449

Recoverables from reinsurers
3,044

3,750

Prepaid reinsurance premiums
520

471

Agents’ balances and premiums receivable
754

636

Deferred policy acquisition costs
818

550

Assets of managed investment entities
2,973

3,225

Other receivables
422

539

Variable annuity assets (separate accounts)
608

580

Other assets
828

786

Goodwill
185

185

Total assets
$
39,414

$
39,171

Liabilities and Equity:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
$
6,098

$
6,845

Unearned premiums
1,789

1,651

Annuity benefits accumulated
18,848

17,609

Life, accident and health reserves
2,017

2,059

Payable to reinsurers
367

475

Liabilities of managed investment entities
2,603

2,892

Long-term debt
949

953

Variable annuity liabilities (separate accounts)
608

580

Other liabilities
1,497

1,359

Total liabilities
34,776

34,423

Shareholders’ equity:
Common Stock, no par value
— 200,000,000 shares authorized
— 88,820,940 and 88,979,303 shares outstanding
89

89

Capital surplus
1,088

1,063

Retained earnings:
Appropriated — managed investment entities
33

75

Unappropriated
2,664

2,520

Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
599

831

Total shareholders’ equity
4,473

4,578

Noncontrolling interests
165

170

Total equity
4,638

4,748

Total liabilities and equity
$
39,414

$
39,171


2
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)
(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums
$
709

$
640

$
1,396

$
1,243

Life, accident and health net earned premiums
28

105

58

210

Net investment income
332

329

658

646

Realized gains (losses) on:
Securities (*)
41

16

98

60

Subsidiaries
—

(1
)
—

(1
)
Income (loss) of managed investment entities:
Investment income
32

32

66

61

Loss on change in fair value of assets/liabilities
(28
)
(21
)
(36
)
(50
)
Other income
25

24

47

42

Total revenues
1,139

1,124

2,287

2,211

Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
430

363

823

707

Commissions and other underwriting expenses
260

232

511

443

Annuity benefits
120

147

254

277

Life, accident and health benefits
38

82

78

172

Annuity and supplemental insurance acquisition expenses
52

47

88

92

Interest charges on borrowed money
18

19

36

38

Expenses of managed investment entities
24

20

46

39

Other expenses
71

78

150

161

Total costs and expenses
1,013

988

1,986

1,929

Earnings before income taxes
126

136

301

282

Provision for income taxes
49

52

111

110

Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
77

84

190

172

Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
(33
)
(15
)
(40
)
(40
)
Net Earnings Attributable to Shareholders
$
110

$
99

$
230

$
212

Earnings Attributable to Shareholders per Common Share:
Basic
$
1.23

$
1.02

$
2.57

$
2.18

Diluted
$
1.20

$
1.01

$
2.52

$
2.15

Average number of Common Shares:
Basic
89.6

96.4

89.5

97.0

Diluted
91.5

98.0

91.3

98.7

Cash dividends per Common Share
$
0.195

$
0.175

$
0.39

$
0.35

________________________________________
(*) Consists of the following:
Realized gains before impairments
$
42

$
23

$
99

$
71

Losses on securities with impairment
(1
)
(7
)
(1
)
(12
)
Non-credit portion recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
—

—

—

1

Impairment charges recognized in earnings
(1
)
(7
)
(1
)
(11
)
Total realized gains on securities
$
41

$
16

$
98

$
60


3
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(In Millions)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
$
77

$
84

$
190

$
172

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period
(245
)
78

(166
)
236

Reclassification adjustment for realized gains included in net earnings
(27
)
(12
)
(63
)
(40
)
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities
(272
)
66

(229
)
196

Foreign currency translation adjustments
(5
)
(8
)
(9
)
(1
)
Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments
—

—

—

1

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(277
)
58

(238
)
196

Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(200
)
142

(48
)
368

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
(40
)
(16
)
(46
)
(37
)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to shareholders
$
(160
)
$
158

$
(2
)
$
405



4
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in Millions)
Shareholders’ Equity
Common
Common Stock
and Capital
Retained Earnings
Accumulated
Other Comp
Noncon-
trolling
Total
Shares
Surplus
Approp.
Unapprop.
Inc. (Loss)
Total
Interests
Equity
Balance at December 31, 2012
88,979,303

$
1,152

$
75

$
2,520

$
831

$
4,578

$
170

$
4,748

Net earnings
—

—

—

230

—

230

(40
)
190

Other comprehensive income
—

—

—

—

(232
)
(232
)
(6
)
(238
)
Allocation of losses of managed investment entities
—

—

(42
)
—

—

(42
)
42

—

Dividends on Common Stock
—

—

—

(34
)
—

(34
)
—

(34
)
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options
943,697

30

—

—

—

30

—

30

Other benefit plans
368,051

6

—

—

—

6

—

6

Dividend reinvestment plan
7,398

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Stock-based compensation expense
—

8

—

—

—

8

—

8

Shares acquired and retired
(1,448,156
)
(19
)
—

(51
)
—

(70
)
—

(70
)
Shares exchanged — benefit plans
(29,353
)
—

—

(1
)
—

(1
)
—

(1
)
Other
—

—

—

—

—

—

(1
)
(1
)
Balance at June 30, 2013
88,820,940

$
1,177

$
33

$
2,664

$
599

$
4,473

$
165

$
4,638

Balance at December 31, 2011
97,846,402

$
1,219

$
173

$
2,439

$
580

$
4,411

$
146

$
4,557

Net earnings
—

—

—

212

—

212

(40
)
172

Other comprehensive income
—

—

—

—

193

193

3

196

Allocation of losses of managed investment entities
—

—

(46
)
—

—

(46
)
46

—

Dividends on Common Stock
—

—

—

(33
)
—

(33
)
—

(33
)
Shares issued:


Exercise of stock options
814,394

21

—

—

—

21

—

21

Other benefit plans
276,195

5

—

—

—

5

—

5

Dividend reinvestment plan
7,711

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Stock-based compensation expense
—

12

—

—

—

12

—

12

Shares acquired and retired
(3,985,470
)
(50
)
—

(103
)
—

(153
)
—

(153
)
Other
—

—

—

—

—

—

(2
)
(2
)
Balance at June 30, 2012
94,959,232

$
1,207

$
127

$
2,515

$
773

$
4,622

$
153

$
4,775


5
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(In Millions)
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Operating Activities:
Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
$
190

$
172

Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization
78

83

Annuity benefits
254

277

Realized gains on investing activities
(105
)
(57
)
Net sales of trading securities
24

5

Deferred annuity and life policy acquisition costs
(83
)
(129
)
Change in:
Reinsurance and other receivables
659

212

Other assets
(41
)
50

Insurance claims and reserves
(617
)
(167
)
Payable to reinsurers
(108
)
(79
)
Other liabilities
45

(179
)
Managed investment entities’ assets/liabilities
(115
)
40

Other operating activities, net
15

(2
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
196

226

Investing Activities:
Purchases of:
Fixed maturities
(3,009
)
(1,976
)
Equity securities
(274
)
(194
)
Mortgage loans
(73
)
(97
)
Real estate, property and equipment
(38
)
(52
)
Proceeds from:
Maturities and redemptions of fixed maturities
1,456

993

Repayments of mortgage loans
82

6

Sales of fixed maturities
139

239

Sales of equity securities
142

107

Managed investment entities:
Purchases of investments
(829
)
(925
)
Proceeds from sales and redemptions of investments
1,215

1,106

Other investing activities, net
(3
)
(33
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,192
)
(826
)
Financing Activities:
Annuity receipts
1,685

1,710

Annuity surrenders, benefits and withdrawals
(749
)
(696
)
Net transfers from variable annuity assets
12

9

Additional long-term borrowings
—

223

Reductions of long-term debt
(4
)
(6
)
Issuances of managed investment entities’ liabilities
652

359

Retirement of managed investment entities’ liabilities
(960
)
(633
)
Issuances of Common Stock
31

22

Repurchases of Common Stock
(70
)
(153
)
Cash dividends paid on Common Stock
(34
)
(33
)
Other financing activities, net
(1
)
(3
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
562

799

Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents
(434
)
199

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
1,705

1,324

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
1,271

$
1,523


6
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


INDEX TO NOTES
A.
Accounting Policies
H.
Managed Investment Entities
B.
Sale of Subsidiaries
I.
Goodwill and Other Intangibles
C.
Segments of Operations
J.
Long-Term Debt
D.
Fair Value Measurements
K.
Shareholders’ Equity
E.
Investments
L.
Income Taxes
F.
Derivatives
M.
Contingencies
G.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

A . Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements for American Financial Group, Inc. (“AFG”) and its subsidiaries are unaudited; however, management believes that all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals unless otherwise disclosed herein) necessary for fair presentation have been made. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes necessary to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods to conform to the current year’s presentation, primarily the reclassification of investment expenses and real estate income and expenses to net investment income. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The results of operations of companies since their formation or acquisition are included in the consolidated financial statements. Events or transactions occurring subsequent to June 30, 2013 , and prior to the filing date of this Form 10-Q, have been evaluated for potential recognition or disclosure herein.
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Changes in circumstances could cause actual results to differ materially from those estimates.
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2013 Effective January 1, 2013, AFG prospectively adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-02, which requires companies to disclose, in a single location within the financial statements or footnotes, reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) separately for each component of other comprehensive income. For significant reclassifications, the disclosure is required to include the respective line items in net earnings affected by the reclassification. Disclosures required by the guidance are included in Note K — “ Shareholders’ Equity .” This new disclosure requirement had no impact on AFG’s results of operations or financial position.

Fair Value Measurements Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The standards establish a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (“inputs”) are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect AFG’s assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. AFG did not have any significant nonrecurring fair value measurements of nonfinancial assets and liabilities in the first six months of 2013 or 2012 .
Investments Fixed maturity and equity securities classified as “available for sale” are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in AOCI in AFG’s Balance Sheet. Fixed maturity and equity securities classified as “trading” are reported at fair value with changes in unrealized holding gains or losses during the period included in investment income. Mortgage and policy loans are carried primarily at the aggregate unpaid balance.

Premiums and discounts on fixed maturity securities are amortized using the interest method; mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) are amortized over a period based on estimated future principal payments, including prepayments. Prepayment assumptions are reviewed periodically and adjusted to reflect actual prepayments and changes in expectations.

7
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


Gains or losses on securities are determined on the specific identification basis. When a decline in the value of a specific investment is considered to be other-than-temporary at the balance sheet date, a provision for impairment is charged to earnings (included in realized gains (losses) on securities) and the cost basis of that investment is reduced. If management can assert that it does not intend to sell an impaired fixed maturity security and it is not more likely than not that it will have to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the other-than-temporary impairment is separated into two components: 1) the amount related to credit losses (recorded in earnings) and 2) the amount related to all other factors (recorded in other comprehensive income). The credit-related portion of an other-than-temporary impairment is measured by comparing a security’s amortized cost to the present value of its current expected cash flows discounted at its effective yield prior to the impairment charge. Both components are shown in the Statement of Earnings. If management intends to sell an impaired security, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, an impairment charge to earnings is recorded to reduce the amortized cost of that security to fair value.
Derivatives Derivatives included in AFG’s Balance Sheet are recorded at fair value and consist primarily of (i) components of certain fixed maturity securities (primarily interest-only MBS) and (ii) the equity-based component of certain annuity products (included in annuity benefits accumulated) and related call options (included in other investments) designed to be consistent with the characteristics of the liabilities and used to mitigate the risk embedded in those annuity products. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are included in earnings.
Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of cost of subsidiaries over AFG’s equity in their underlying net assets. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to an impairment test at least annually. An entity is not required to complete the quantitative annual goodwill impairment test on a reporting unit if the entity elects to perform a qualitative analysis and determines that it is more likely than not that the reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its carrying amount.
Reinsurance Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the claim liability associated with the reinsured policies. AFG’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries report as assets (a) the estimated reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses, including an estimate for losses incurred but not reported, and (b) amounts paid or due to reinsurers applicable to the unexpired terms of policies in force. Payable to reinsurers includes ceded premiums due to reinsurers as well as ceded premiums retained by AFG’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries under contracts to fund ceded losses as they become due. AFG’s insurance subsidiaries also assume reinsurance from other companies. Earnings on reinsurance assumed is recognized based on information received from ceding companies.
A subsidiary cedes life insurance policies to a third party on a funds withheld basis whereby the subsidiary retains the assets (securities) associated with the reinsurance contract. Interest is credited to the reinsurer based on the actual investment performance of the retained assets. This reinsurance contract is considered to contain an embedded derivative (that must be adjusted to fair value) because the yield on the payable is based on a specific block of the ceding company’s assets, rather than the overall creditworthiness of the ceding company. AFG determined that changes in the fair value of the underlying portfolio of fixed maturity securities is an appropriate measure of the value of the embedded derivative. The securities related to this contract are classified as “trading.” The adjustment to fair value on the embedded derivative offsets the investment income recorded on the adjustment to fair value of the related trading portfolio.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (“DPAC”) Policy acquisition costs (principally commissions, premium taxes and certain underwriting and policy issuance costs) directly related to the successful acquisition or renewal of an insurance contract are deferred. DPAC also includes capitalized costs associated with sales inducements offered to fixed annuity policyholders such as enhanced interest rates and premium and persistency bonuses.
For the property and casualty companies, DPAC is limited based upon recoverability without any consideration for anticipated investment income and is charged against income ratably over the terms of the related policies. A premium deficiency is recognized if the sum of expected claims costs, claims adjustment expenses and unamortized acquisition costs exceed the related unearned premiums. A premium deficiency is first recognized by charging any unamortized acquisition costs to expense to the extent required to eliminate the deficiency. If the premium deficiency is greater than unamortized acquisition costs, a liability is accrued for the excess deficiency and reported with unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.

DPAC related to annuities is deferred to the extent deemed recoverable and amortized, with interest, in relation to the present value of actual and expected gross profits on the policies. Expected gross profits consist principally of estimated future investment margin (estimated future net investment income less interest credited on policyholder funds) and surrender, mortality, and other life and annuity policy charges, less death, annuitization and guaranteed withdrawal benefits in excess of account balances and estimated future policy administration expenses. To the extent that realized gains and losses result in

8
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


adjustments to the amortization of DPAC related to annuities, such adjustments are reflected as components of realized gains (losses) on securities.

DPAC related to traditional life and health insurance is amortized over the expected premium paying period of the related policies, in proportion to the ratio of annual premium revenues to total anticipated premium revenues. See Note A , “ Accounting Policies — Life, Accident and Health Reserves ” for details on the impact of loss recognition on the accounting for traditional life and health insurance contracts.

DPAC includes the present value of future profits on business in force of annuity and life, accident and health insurance companies acquired (“PVFP”). PVFP represents the portion of the costs to acquire companies that is allocated to the value of the right to receive future cash flows from insurance contracts existing at the date of acquisition. PVFP is amortized with interest in relation to expected gross profits of the acquired policies for annuities and universal life products and in relation to the premium paying period for traditional life and health insurance products.

DPAC and certain other balance sheet amounts related to annuity, long-term care and life businesses are also adjusted, net of tax, for the change in expense that would have been recorded if the unrealized gains (losses) from securities had actually been realized. These adjustments are included in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, a component of AOCI in AFG’s Balance Sheet.
Managed Investment Entities A company is considered the primary beneficiary of, and therefore must consolidate, a variable interest entity (“VIE”) based primarily on its ability to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact that entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of, or receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
AFG manages, and has investments in, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) that are VIEs (see Note H — “ Managed Investment Entities ” ). Both the management fees (payment of which is subordinate to other obligations of the CLOs) and the investments in the CLOs are considered variable interests. AFG has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of the CLOs because (i) its role as asset manager gives it the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CLOs and (ii) it has exposure to CLO losses (through its investments in the CLO debt tranches) and the right to receive benefits (through its subordinated management fees and returns on its investments), both of which could potentially be significant to the CLOs.
Because AFG has no right to use the CLO assets and no obligation to pay the CLO liabilities, the assets and liabilities of the CLOs are shown separately in AFG’s Balance Sheet (at fair value). AFG has elected the fair value option for reporting on the CLO assets and liabilities to improve the transparency of financial reporting related to the CLOs. The excess of fair value of the CLOs’ assets over the fair value of the liabilities is recorded in AFG’s Balance Sheet as appropriated retained earnings — managed investment entities, representing amounts that ultimately will inure to the benefit of the CLO debt holders.

The net gain or loss from accounting for the CLO assets and liabilities at fair value is separately presented in AFG’s Statement of Earnings. CLO earnings attributable to AFG’s shareholders represent the change in fair value of AFG’s investments in the CLOs (including distributions) and management fees earned. All other CLO earnings (losses) are not attributable to AFG’s shareholders and will ultimately inure to the benefit of the CLO debt holders. As a result, such CLO earnings (losses) are included in net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in AFG’s Statement of Earnings and in appropriated retained earnings — managed investment entities in the Balance Sheet. As the CLOs approach maturity (2016 to 2025), it is expected that losses attributable to noncontrolling interests will reduce appropriated retained earnings towards zero as the fair values of the assets and liabilities converge and the CLO assets are used to pay the CLO debt.

At June 30, 2013 , assets and liabilities of managed investment entities included $96 million in assets and $66 million in liabilities of a temporary warehousing entity that was established in connection with the formation of a new CLO that is expected to close in the second half of 2013. Upon closing, all warehoused assets are expected to be transferred to the new CLO and the liabilities will be repaid. At December 31, 2012 , assets and liabilities of managed investment entities included $107 million in assets and $87 million in liabilities of a temporary warehousing entity that was established in connection with the formation of a new CLO. All warehoused assets were transferred to that new CLO and the liabilities were repaid when the CLO formation was completed and the CLO issued securities in April 2013.
Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses The net liabilities stated for unpaid claims and for expenses of investigation and adjustment of unpaid claims are based upon (a) the accumulation of case estimates for losses reported prior to the close of

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


the accounting period on direct business written; (b) estimates received from ceding reinsurers and insurance pools and associations; (c) estimates of unreported losses (including possible development on known claims) based on past experience; (d) estimates based on experience of expenses for investigating and adjusting claims; and (e) the current state of the law and coverage litigation. Establishing reserves for asbestos, environmental and other mass tort claims involves considerably more judgment than other types of claims due to, among other things, inconsistent court decisions, an increase in bankruptcy filings as a result of asbestos-related liabilities, novel theories of coverage, and judicial interpretations that often expand theories of recovery and broaden the scope of coverage.
Loss reserve liabilities are subject to the impact of changes in claim amounts and frequency and other factors. Changes in estimates of the liabilities for losses and loss adjustment expenses are reflected in the Statement of Earnings in the period in which determined. Despite the variability inherent in such estimates, management believes that the liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are adequate.
Annuity Benefits Accumulated Annuity receipts and benefit payments are recorded as increases or decreases in annuity benefits accumulated rather than as revenue and expense. Increases in this liability for interest credited are charged to expense and decreases for policy charges are credited to other income.
For certain products, annuity benefits accumulated also includes reserves for accrued persistency and premium bonuses, guaranteed withdrawals and excess benefits expected to be paid on future deaths and annuitizations (“EDAR”). The liability for EDAR is accrued for and modified using assumptions consistent with those used in determining DPAC and DPAC amortization, except that amounts are determined in relation to the present value of total expected assessments. Total expected assessments consist principally of estimated future investment margin, surrender, mortality, and other life and annuity policy charges, and unearned revenues once they are recognized as income.
Annuity benefits accumulated also includes amounts advanced from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati.
Unearned Revenue Certain upfront policy charges on annuities are deferred as unearned revenue (included in other liabilities) and recognized in net earnings using the same assumptions and estimated gross profits used to amortize DPAC.

Life, Accident and Health Reserves Liabilities for future policy benefits under traditional life, accident and health policies are computed using the net level premium method. Computations are based on the original projections of investment yields, mortality, morbidity and surrenders and include provisions for unfavorable deviations unless a loss recognition event (premium deficiency) occurs. Claim reserves and liabilities established for accident and health claims are modified as necessary to reflect actual experience and developing trends.
For long-duration contracts (such as traditional life and long-term care policies), loss recognition occurs when, based on current expectations as of the measurement date, existing contract liabilities plus the present value of future premiums (including reasonably expected rate increases) are not expected to cover the present value of future claims payments and related settlement and maintenance costs (excluding overhead) as well as unamortized acquisition costs. If a block of business is determined to be in loss recognition, a charge is recorded in earnings in an amount equal to the excess of the present value of expected future claims costs and unamortized acquisition costs over existing reserves plus the present value of expected future premiums (with no provision for adverse deviation). The charge is recorded first to reduce unamortized acquisition costs and then as an additional reserve (if unamortized acquisition costs have been reduced to zero).

In addition, reserves for traditional life and long-term care policies are subject to adjustment for loss recognition charges that would have been recorded if the unrealized gains from securities had actually been realized. This adjustment is included in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, a component of AOCI in AFG’s Balance Sheet.

Variable Annuity Assets and Liabilities Separate accounts related to variable annuities represent the fair value of deposits invested in underlying investment funds on which AFG earns a fee. Investment funds are selected and may be changed only by the policyholder, who retains all investment risk.
AFG’s variable annuity contracts contain a guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) to be paid if the policyholder dies before the annuity payout period commences. In periods of declining equity markets, the GMDB may exceed the value of the policyholder’s account. A GMDB liability is established for future excess death benefits using assumptions together with a range of reasonably possible scenarios for investment fund performance that are consistent with DPAC capitalization and amortization assumptions.

10
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


Premium Recognition Property and casualty premiums are earned generally over the terms of the policies on a pro rata basis. Unearned premiums represent that portion of premiums written which is applicable to the unexpired terms of policies in force. On reinsurance assumed from other insurance companies or written through various underwriting organizations, unearned premiums are based on information received from such companies and organizations. For traditional life, accident and health products, premiums are recognized as revenue when legally collectible from policyholders. For interest-sensitive life and universal life products, premiums are recorded in a policyholder account, which is reflected as a liability. Revenue is recognized as amounts are assessed against the policyholder account for mortality coverage and contract expenses.

Noncontrolling Interests For Balance Sheet purposes, noncontrolling interests represents the interests of shareholders other than AFG in consolidated entities. In the Statement of Earnings, net earnings and losses attributable to noncontrolling interests represents such shareholders’ interest in the earnings and losses of those entities.

Income Taxes Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases and are measured using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is established to reduce total deferred tax assets to an amount that will more likely than not be realized.

AFG recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only when the position is more likely than not to be sustained under examination by the appropriate taxing authority. Interest and penalties on AFG’s reserve for uncertain tax positions are recognized as a component of tax expense.

Stock-Based Compensation All share-based grants are recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over their vesting periods based on their calculated fair value at the date of grant. AFG uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to measure the fair value of employee stock options. See Note K — “ Shareholders’ Equity ” for further information.

Benefit Plans AFG provides retirement benefits to qualified employees of participating companies through the AFG 401(k) Retirement and Savings Plan, a defined contribution plan. AFG makes all contributions to the retirement fund portion of the plan and matches a percentage of employee contributions to the savings fund. Company contributions are expensed in the year for which they are declared. AFG and many of its subsidiaries provide health care and life insurance benefits to eligible retirees. AFG also provides postemployment benefits to former or inactive employees (primarily those on disability) who were not deemed retired under other company plans. The projected future cost of providing these benefits is expensed over the period employees earn such benefits.

Earnings Per Share Although basic earnings per share only considers shares of common stock outstanding during the period, the calculation of diluted earnings per share includes adjustments to weighted average common shares related to stock-based compensation plans: second quarter of 2013 and 2012 — 1.9 million and 1.6 million ; first six months of 2013 and 2012 — 1.8 million and 1.7 million , respectively.
AFG’s weighted average diluted shares outstanding excludes the following anti-dilutive potential common shares related to stock compensation plans: second quarter of 2013 and 2012 — 1.3 million and 2.1 million ; first six months of 2013 and 2012 — 1.4 million and 1.8 million , respectively. Adjustments to net earnings attributable to shareholders in the calculation of diluted earnings per share were nominal in the 2013 and 2012 periods.
Statement of Cash Flows For cash flow purposes, “investing activities” are defined as making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property and equipment. “Financing activities” include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on their investments, borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed. Annuity receipts, benefits and withdrawals are also reflected as financing activities. All other activities are considered “operating.” Short-term investments having original maturities of three months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents for purposes of the financial statements.


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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


B . Sale of Subsidiaries

Medicare Supplement and Critical Illness Segment In August 2012, AFG completed the sale of its Medicare supplement and critical illness businesses, which included Loyal American Life Insurance Company and four other insurance companies, to Cigna Corporation for $326 million in cash resulting in a pretax gain of $170 million (including post-closing adjustments). Since the transaction includes the ongoing cessions of certain business to Cigna, the operations sold are not reported as discontinued operations. Summarized Statement of Earnings information for the Medicare supplement and critical illness segment for the second quarter and first six months of 2012 is shown below (in millions):
Three months ended
Six months ended
June 30, 2012
June 30, 2012
Total revenues
$
79

$
159

Total costs and expenses
67

141

Earnings before income taxes
$
12

$
18


C . Segments of Operations

AFG manages its business as five segments: (i) Property and casualty insurance, (ii) Annuity, (iii) Run-off long-term care and life, (iv) Medicare supplement and critical illness (sold in August 2012) and (v) Other, which includes holding company costs, and the operations attributable to the noncontrolling interests of the managed investment entities.

AFG reports its property and casualty insurance business in the following Specialty sub-segments: (i) Property and transportation, which includes physical damage and liability coverage for buses, trucks and recreational vehicles, inland and ocean marine, agricultural-related products and other property coverages, (ii) Specialty casualty, which includes primarily excess and surplus, general liability, executive liability, umbrella and excess liability, customized programs for small to mid-sized businesses and workers’ compensation, and (iii) Specialty financial, which includes risk management insurance programs for leasing and financing institutions (including collateral and lender-placed mortgage property insurance), surety and fidelity products and trade credit insurance. AFG’s annuity business markets traditional fixed and fixed-indexed annuities in the retail, financial institutions and education markets. AFG’s reportable segments and their components were determined based primarily upon similar economic characteristics, products and services.


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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


The following tables (in millions) show AFG’s revenues and earnings before income taxes by segment and sub-segment.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
Revenues
Property and casualty insurance:
Premiums earned:
Specialty
Property and transportation
$
301

$
290

$
594

$
553

Specialty casualty
277

236

536

456

Specialty financial
113

98

229

201

Other specialty
18

16

37

33

Total premiums earned
709

640

1,396

1,243

Net investment income
65

69

131

139

Other income
6

8

9

11

Total property and casualty insurance
780

717

1,536

1,393

Annuity:
Net investment income
257

245

505

473

Other income
15

12

29

25

Total annuity
272

257

534

498

Run-off long-term care and life
47

49

97

96

Medicare supplement and critical illness (a)
—

79

—

159

Other
(1
)
7

22

6

Total revenues before realized gains
1,098

1,109

2,189

2,152

Realized gains on securities
41

16

98

60

Realized losses on subsidiaries
—

(1
)
—

(1
)
Total revenues
$
1,139

$
1,124

$
2,287

$
2,211

Earnings Before Income Taxes
Property and casualty insurance:
Underwriting:
Specialty
Property and transportation
$
(31
)
$
6

$
(21
)
$
33

Specialty casualty
32

33

51

37

Specialty financial
15

11

28

27

Other specialty
5

2

11

3

Other lines, primarily A&E charges
(2
)
(7
)
(7
)
(7
)
Total underwriting
19

45

62

93

Investment and other income, net
60

60

116

115

Total property and casualty insurance
79

105

178

208

Annuity (b)
77

59

153

119

Run-off long-term care and life
(2
)
5

(3
)
6

Medicare supplement and critical illness (a)
—

12

—

18

Other (c)
(69
)
(60
)
(125
)
(128
)
Total earnings before realized gains and income taxes
85

121

203

223

Realized gains on securities
41

16

98

60

Realized losses on subsidiaries
—

(1
)
—

(1
)
Total earnings before income taxes
$
126

$
136

$
301

$
282


(a)
Sold in August 2012.
(b)
Includes a $5 million charge in the second quarter of 2013 to cover expected assessments from state guaranty funds related to the insolvency and liquidation of an unaffiliated life insurance company.
(c)
Includes holding company expenses and losses of managed investment entities attributable to noncontrolling interest of $31 million and $18 million for the second quarter and $42 million and $46 million for the first six months of 2013 and 2012 , respectively.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


D . Fair Value Measurements

Accounting standards for measuring fair value are based on inputs used in estimating fair value. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (markets in which transactions occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis). AFG’s Level 1 financial instruments consist primarily of publicly traded equity securities and highly liquid government bonds for which quoted market prices in active markets are available and short-term investments of managed investment entities.

Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets (markets in which there are few transactions, the prices are not current, price quotations vary substantially over time or among market makers, or in which little information is released publicly); and valuations based on other significant inputs that are observable in active markets. AFG’s Level 2 financial instruments include separate account assets, corporate and municipal fixed maturity securities, mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and investments of managed investment entities priced using observable inputs. Level 2 inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, corroborated broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads and benchmark securities. When non-binding broker quotes can be corroborated by comparison to similar securities priced using observable inputs, they are classified as Level 2.

Level 3 — Valuations derived from market valuation techniques generally consistent with those used to estimate the fair values of Level 2 financial instruments in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable or when the market for a security exhibits significantly less liquidity relative to markets supporting Level 2 fair value measurements. The unobservable inputs may include management’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use based on the best information available in the circumstances. AFG’s Level 3 is comprised of financial instruments, including liabilities of managed investment entities, whose fair value is estimated based on non-binding broker quotes or internally developed using significant inputs not based on, or corroborated by, observable market information.

AFG’s management is responsible for the valuation process and uses data from outside sources (including nationally recognized pricing services and broker/dealers) in establishing fair value. AFG’s internal investment professionals are a group of approximately 20 analysts whose primary responsibility is to manage AFG’s investment portfolio. These professionals monitor individual investments as well as overall industries and are active in the financial markets on a daily basis. The group is led by AFG’s chief investment officer, who reports directly to one of AFG’s Co-CEOs. Valuation techniques utilized by pricing services and prices obtained from external sources are reviewed by AFG’s internal investment professionals who are familiar with the securities being priced and the markets in which they trade to ensure the fair value determination is representative of an exit price. To validate the appropriateness of the prices obtained, these investment managers consider widely published indices (as benchmarks), recent trades, changes in interest rates, general economic conditions and the credit quality of the specific issuers. In addition, the Company communicates directly with the pricing service regarding the methods and assumptions used in pricing, including verifying, on a test basis, the inputs used by the service to value specific securities.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


Assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value in the financial statements are summarized below (in millions):
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
June 30, 2013
Assets:
Available for sale (“AFS”) fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies
$
163

$
129

$
20

$
312

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
—

4,753

63

4,816

Foreign government
—

242

—

242

Residential MBS
—

3,824

329

4,153

Commercial MBS
—

2,818

28

2,846

Asset-backed securities (“ABS”)
—

2,054

180

2,234

Corporate and other
15

10,122

295

10,432

Total AFS fixed maturities
178

23,942

915

25,035

Trading fixed maturities
—

293

—

293

Equity securities
953

168

78

1,199

Assets of managed investment entities (“MIE”)
335

2,607

31

2,973

Variable annuity assets (separate accounts) (a)
—

608

—

608

Other investments
—

187

—

187

Total assets accounted for at fair value
$
1,466

$
27,805

$
1,024

$
30,295

Liabilities:
Liabilities of managed investment entities
$
121

$
—

$
2,482

$
2,603

Derivatives in annuity benefits accumulated
—

—

577

577

Other liabilities — derivatives
—

12

—

12

Total liabilities accounted for at fair value
$
121

$
12

$
3,059

$
3,192

December 31, 2012
Assets:
Available for sale fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies
$
227

$
141

$
20

$
388

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
—

4,410

58

4,468

Foreign government
—

260

—

260

Residential MBS
—

3,833

371

4,204

Commercial MBS
—

2,896

22

2,918

Asset-backed securities
—

1,387

253

1,640

Corporate and other
5

9,999

236

10,240

Total AFS fixed maturities
232

22,926

960

24,118

Trading fixed maturities
—

321

—

321

Equity securities
781

121

37

939

Assets of managed investment entities
256

2,929

40

3,225

Variable annuity assets (separate accounts) (a)
—

580

—

580

Other investments
—

133

—

133

Total assets accounted for at fair value
$
1,269

$
27,010

$
1,037

$
29,316

Liabilities:
Liabilities of managed investment entities
$
147

$
—

$
2,745

$
2,892

Derivatives in annuity benefits accumulated
—

—

465

465

Other liabilities — derivatives
—

17

—

17

Total liabilities accounted for at fair value
$
147

$
17

$
3,210

$
3,374

(a)    Variable annuity liabilities equal the fair value of variable annuity assets.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


During the first six months of 2013 (all in the second quarter), five preferred stocks with an aggregate fair value of $11 million were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 due to increases in trade frequency, resulting in trade data sufficient to warrant classification in Level 1. During the first six months of 2013 , there were no transfers from Level 1 to Level 2. During the first six months of 2012 (all in the first quarter), six preferred stocks with an aggregate fair value of $35 million were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 due to decreases in trade frequency, resulting in lack of available trade data sufficient to warrant classification in Level 1. During the first six months 2012 , there were no transfers from Level 2 to Level 1. Approximately 3% of the total assets carried at fair value on June 30, 2013 , were Level 3 assets. Approximately 82% of the Level 3 assets were priced using non-binding broker quotes, for which there is a lack of transparency as to the inputs used to determine fair value. Details as to the quantitative inputs are neither provided by the brokers nor otherwise reasonably obtainable by AFG. Since internally developed Level 3 asset fair values represent less than one-half of 1% of the total assets measured at fair value and less than 3% of AFG’s shareholders’ equity, changes in unobservable inputs used to determine internally developed fair values would not have a material impact on AFG’s financial position.

The fair values of the liabilities of managed investment entities were determined using primarily non-binding broker quotes, which were reviewed by AFG’s investment professionals. AFG’s investment professionals are familiar with the cash flow models used by the brokers to determine the fair value of these liabilities and review the broker quotes based on their knowledge of the CLO market and the market for the underlying assets. Their review includes consideration of expected reinvestment, default and recovery rates on the assets supporting the CLO liabilities, as well as surveying general CLO liability fair values and analysis provided by third parties.

The only significant Level 3 assets or liabilities carried at fair value in the financial statements that were not measured using broker quotes are the derivatives embedded in AFG’s fixed-indexed annuity liabilities, which are measured using a discounted cash flow approach and had a fair value of $577 million at June 30, 2013 . The following table presents information about the unobservable inputs used by management in determining fair value of these embedded derivatives. See Note F — “ Derivatives .”

Unobservable Input
Range
Adjustment for insurance subsidiary’s credit risk
0.50% – 2.00% over the risk free rate
Risk margin for uncertainty in cash flows
0.4% reduction in the discount rate
Surrenders
4% – 20% of indexed account value
Partial surrenders
2% – 5% of indexed account value
Annuitizations
1% – 2% of indexed account value
Deaths
1% – 2.5% of indexed account value
Budgeted option costs
2.5% – 4.0% of indexed account value

The range of adjustments for insurance subsidiary’s credit risk reflects credit spread variations across the yield curve. The range of projected surrender rates reflects the specific surrender charges and other features of AFG’s individual fixed-indexed annuity products with an expected range of 5% to 12% in the majority of future calendar years ( 4% — 20% over all periods). Increasing the budgeted option cost or risk margin for uncertainty in cash flows assumptions in the table above would increase the fair value of the fixed-indexed annuity embedded derivatives, while increasing any of the other unobservable inputs in the table above would decrease the fair value of the embedded derivatives.


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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


Changes in balances of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value during the second quarter and first six months of 2013 and 2012 are presented below (in millions). The transfers into and out of Level 3 were due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs. All transfers are reflected in the table at fair value as of the end of the reporting period.

Total realized/unrealized
gains (losses) included in
Balance at March 31, 2013
Net
income
Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Purchases
and
issuances
Sales and
settlements
Transfer
into
Level 3
Transfer
out of
Level 3
Balance at June 30, 2013
AFS fixed maturities:
U.S. government agency
$
20

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
20

State and municipal
54

—

(1
)
10

—

—

—

63

Residential MBS
354

2

(7
)
—

(17
)
9

(12
)
329

Commercial MBS
30

(2
)
—

—

—

—

—

28

Asset-backed securities
245

2

(2
)
—

(39
)
—

(26
)
180

Corporate and other
244

—

(10
)
44

(4
)
25

(4
)
295

Equity securities
49

—

(1
)
39

—

—

(9
)
78

Assets of MIE
30

1

—

6

(6
)
—

—

31

Liabilities of MIE (*)
(2,501
)
(14
)
—

(406
)
439

—

—

(2,482
)
Embedded derivatives
(555
)
3

—

(32
)
7

—

—

(577
)

(*)
Total realized/unrealized loss included in net income includes losses of $9 million related to liabilities outstanding as of June 30, 2013 . See Note H — “ Managed Investment Entities .”

Total realized/unrealized
gains (losses) included in
Balance at March 31, 2012
Net
income
Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Purchases
and
issuances
Sales and
settlements
Transfer
into
Level 3
Transfer
out of
Level 3
Balance at June 30, 2012
AFS fixed maturities:
State and municipal
$
72

$
—

$
1

$
9

$
—

$
5

$
(1
)
$
86

Residential MBS
314

1

—

63

(7
)
21

(72
)
320

Commercial MBS
20

—

—

—

—

—

—

20

Asset-backed securities
239

4

—

10

(9
)
3

(7
)
240

Corporate and other
276

1

8

41

(13
)
4

—

317

Trading fixed maturities
1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Equity securities
24

—

—

17

—

—

—

41

Assets of MIE
64

—

—

1

(9
)
—

(2
)
54

Liabilities of MIE (*)
(2,554
)
(19
)
—

—

144

—

—

(2,429
)
Embedded derivatives
(437
)
3

—

(16
)
6

—

—

(444
)

(*)
Total realized/unrealized loss included in net income includes losses of $14 million related to liabilities outstanding as of June 30, 2012 . See Note H — “ Managed Investment Entities .”


17
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


Total realized/unrealized
gains (losses) included in
Balance at December 31, 2012
Net
income
Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Purchases
and
issuances
Sales and
settlements
Transfer
into
Level 3
Transfer
out of
Level 3
Balance at June 30, 2013
AFS fixed maturities:
U.S. government agency
$
20

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
20

State and municipal
58

—

(1
)
10

—

—

(4
)
63

Residential MBS
371

4

(1
)
6

(29
)
25

(47
)
329

Commercial MBS
22

(1
)
—

—

—

7

—

28

Asset-backed securities
253

3

(2
)
12

(45
)
—

(41
)
180

Corporate and other
236

—

(10
)
55

(6
)
24

(4
)
295

Equity securities
37

—

2

48

—

—

(9
)
78

Assets of MIE
40

(3
)
—

6

(6
)
—

(6
)
31

Liabilities of MIE (*)
(2,745
)
(39
)
—

(406
)
689

—

19

(2,482
)
Embedded derivatives
(465
)
(77
)
—

(49
)
14

—

—

(577
)

(*)
Total realized/unrealized loss included in net income includes losses of $24 million related to liabilities outstanding as of June 30, 2013 . See Note H — “ Managed Investment Entities .”

Total realized/unrealized
gains (losses) included in
Balance at December 31, 2011
Net
income
Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Purchases
and
issuances
Sales and
settlements
Transfer
into
Level 3
Transfer
out of
Level 3
Balance at June 30, 2012
AFS fixed maturities:
State and municipal
$
83

$
—

$
1

$
19

$
—

$
5

$
(22
)
$
86

Residential MBS
361

2

—

71

(17
)
81

(178
)
320

Commercial MBS
19

—

1

—

—

—

—

20

Asset-backed securities
220

5

5

18

(14
)
13

(7
)
240

Corporate and other
299

2

6

59

(24
)
15

(40
)
317

Trading fixed maturities
1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Equity securities
11

—

—

26

—

4

—

41

Assets of MIE
44

—

—

13

(12
)
14

(5
)
54

Liabilities of MIE (*)
(2,593
)
(103
)
—

(366
)
633

—

—

(2,429
)
Embedded derivatives
(361
)
(57
)
—

(37
)
11

—

—

(444
)

(*)
Total realized/unrealized loss included in net income includes losses of $51 million related to liabilities outstanding as of June 30, 2012 . See Note H — “ Managed Investment Entities .”


18
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying value and fair value of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value in the financial statements are summarized below (in millions):
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
June 30, 2013
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,271

$
1,271

$
1,271

$
—

$
—

Mortgage loans
599

603

—

—

603

Policy loans
242

242

—

—

242

Total financial assets not accounted for at fair value
$
2,112

$
2,116

$
1,271

$
—

$
845

Financial liabilities:
Annuity benefits accumulated (*)
$
18,648

$
17,865

$
—

$
—

$
17,865

Long-term debt
949

1,067

—

975

92

Total financial liabilities not accounted for at fair value
$
19,597

$
18,932

$
—

$
975

$
17,957

December 31, 2012
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,705

$
1,705

$
1,705

$
—

$
—

Mortgage loans
607

613

—

—

613

Policy loans
228

228

—

—

228

Total financial assets not accounted for at fair value
$
2,540

$
2,546

$
1,705

$
—

$
841

Financial liabilities:
Annuity benefits accumulated (*)
$
17,405

$
17,422

$
—

$
—

$
17,422

Long-term debt
953

1,086

—

990

96

Total financial liabilities not accounted for at fair value
$
18,358

$
18,508

$
—

$
990

$
17,518


(*)    Excludes life contingent annuities in the payout phase.

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value. Fair values for mortgage loans are estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings. The fair value of policy loans is estimated to approximate carrying value; policy loans have no defined maturity dates and are inseparable from insurance contracts. The fair value of annuity benefits was estimated based on expected cash flows discounted using forward interest rates adjusted for the Company’s credit risk and includes the impact of maintenance expenses and capital costs. Fair values of long-term debt are based primarily on quoted market prices.

E . Investments

Available for sale fixed maturities and equity securities at June 30, 2013 , and December 31, 2012 , consisted of the following (in millions):

June 30, 2013
December 31, 2012
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Losses
Gains
Losses
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies
$
302

$
312

$
10

$
—

$
373

$
388

$
15

$
—

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
4,705

4,816

190

(79
)
4,144

4,468

329

(5
)
Foreign government
230

242

12

—

242

260

18

—

Residential MBS
3,849

4,153

349

(45
)
3,921

4,204

337

(54
)
Commercial MBS
2,619

2,846

232

(5
)
2,583

2,918

335

—

Asset-backed securities
2,205

2,234

41

(12
)
1,590

1,640

52

(2
)
Corporate and other
9,830

10,432

676

(74
)
9,230

10,240

1,015

(5
)
Total fixed maturities
$
23,740

$
25,035

$
1,510

$
(215
)
$
22,083

$
24,118

$
2,101

$
(66
)
Common stocks
$
759

$
966

$
219

$
(12
)
$
600

$
749

$
157

$
(8
)
Perpetual preferred stocks
$
225

$
233

$
12

$
(4
)
$
178

$
190

$
13

$
(1
)

19
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


The non-credit related portion of other-than-temporary impairment charges is included in other comprehensive income. Cumulative non-credit charges taken for securities still owned at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were $227 million and related to residential MBS.

The following tables show gross unrealized losses (in millions) on fixed maturities and equity securities by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 .
Less Than Twelve Months
Twelve Months or More
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Fair Value as
% of  Cost
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Fair Value as
% of  Cost
June 30, 2013
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies
$
—

$
84

100
%
$
—

$
—

—
%
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
(78
)
1,581

95
%
(1
)
15

94
%
Foreign government
—

—

—
%
—

—

—
%
Residential MBS
(10
)
618

98
%
(35
)
263

88
%
Commercial MBS
(5
)
150

97
%
—

—

—
%
Asset-backed securities
(11
)
749

99
%
(1
)
24

96
%
Corporate and other
(73
)
1,970

96
%
(1
)
24

96
%
Total fixed maturities
$
(177
)
$
5,152

97
%
$
(38
)
$
326

90
%
Common stocks
$
(12
)
$
138

92
%
$
—

$
—

—
%
Perpetual preferred stocks
$
(3
)
$
78

96
%
$
(1
)
$
24

96
%
December 31, 2012
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies
$
—

$
22

100
%
$
—

$
—

—
%
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
(5
)
285

98
%
—

24

100
%
Foreign government
—

—

—
%
—

—

—
%
Residential MBS
(3
)
146

98
%
(51
)
411

89
%
Commercial MBS
—

16

100
%
—

—

—
%
Asset-backed securities
—

146

100
%
(2
)
57

97
%
Corporate and other
(3
)
237

99
%
(2
)
51

96
%
Total fixed maturities
$
(11
)
$
852

99
%
$
(55
)
$
543

91
%
Common stocks
$
(8
)
$
88

92
%
$
—

$
—

—
%
Perpetual preferred stocks
$
—

$
7

100
%
$
(1
)
$
25

96
%

At June 30, 2013 , the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturities of $215 million relate to approximately 1,000 securities. Investment grade securities (as determined by nationally recognized rating agencies) represented approximately 79% of the gross unrealized loss and 85% of the fair value.

AFG analyzes its MBS securities for other-than-temporary impairment each quarter based upon expected future cash flows. Management estimates expected future cash flows based upon its knowledge of the MBS market, cash flow projections (which reflect loan to collateral values, subordination, vintage and geographic concentration) received from independent sources, implied cash flows inherent in security ratings and analysis of historical payment data. In the first six months of 2013 , AFG did not record any other-than-temporary impairment charges related to its residential MBS.

Management believes AFG will recover its cost basis in the securities with unrealized losses and that AFG has the ability to hold the securities until they recover in value and had no intent to sell them at June 30, 2013 .

20
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


A progression of the credit portion of other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities for which the non-credit portion of an impairment has been recognized in other comprehensive income is shown below (in millions).

2013
2012
Balance at March 31
$
191

$
190

Additional credit impairments on:
Previously impaired securities
—

1

Securities without prior impairments
—

—

Reductions — disposals
—

—

Balance at June 30
$
191

$
191

Balance at January 1
$
192

$
187

Additional credit impairments on:
Previously impaired securities
—

4

Securities without prior impairments
—

—

Reductions — disposals
(1
)
—

Balance at June 30
$
191

$
191


The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of available for sale fixed maturities as of June 30, 2013 (in millions). Securities with sinking funds are reported at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.
Amortized
Fair Value
Cost
Amount
%
Maturity
One year or less
$
1,077

$
1,101

4
%
After one year through five years
4,674

5,014

20
%
After five years through ten years
6,588

6,915

28
%
After ten years
2,728

2,772

11
%
15,067

15,802

63
%
ABS (average life of approximately 4 1/2 years)
2,205

2,234

9
%
MBS (average life of approximately 3 1/2 years)
6,468

6,999

28
%
Total
$
23,740

$
25,035

100
%

Certain risks are inherent in connection with fixed maturity securities, including loss upon default, price volatility in reaction to changes in interest rates, and general market factors and risks associated with reinvestment of proceeds due to prepayments or redemptions in a period of declining interest rates.
There were no investments in individual issuers that exceeded 10% of Shareholders’ Equity at June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012 .

21
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


Net Unrealized Gain on Marketable Securities In addition to adjusting equity securities and fixed maturity securities classified as “available for sale” to fair value, GAAP requires that deferred policy acquisition costs and certain other balance sheet amounts related to annuity, long-term care and life businesses be adjusted to the extent that unrealized gains and losses from securities would result in adjustments to those balances had the unrealized gains or losses actually been realized. The following table shows (in millions) the components of the net unrealized gain on securities that is included in AOCI in AFG’s Balance Sheet.
Pretax
Deferred Tax and
Amounts  Attributable
to Noncontrolling
Interests
Net
June 30, 2013
Unrealized gain on:
Fixed maturities
$
1,295

$
(461
)
$
834

Equity securities
215

(77
)
138

Deferred policy acquisition costs
(438
)
153

(285
)
Annuity benefits accumulated
(87
)
31

(56
)
Life, accident and health reserves
(81
)
28

(53
)
Other liabilities
33

(11
)
22

$
937

$
(337
)
$
600

December 31, 2012
Unrealized gain on:
Fixed maturities
$
2,035

$
(726
)
$
1,309

Equity securities
161

(57
)
104

Deferred policy acquisition costs
(710
)
247

(463
)
Annuity benefits accumulated
(136
)
48

(88
)
Life, accident and health reserves
(117
)
41

(76
)
Other liabilities
57

(20
)
37

$
1,290

$
(467
)
$
823


22
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


Realized gains (losses) and changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) related to fixed maturity and equity security investments are summarized as follows (in millions):
Fixed
Maturities
Equity
Securities
Mortgage
Loans
and Other
Investments
Other (a)
Tax
Effects
Noncon-
trolling
Interests
Total
Quarter ended June 30, 2013
Realized before impairments
$
8

$
33

$
1

$
—

$
(15
)
$
—

$
27

Realized — impairments
—

—

(1
)
—

—

—

(1
)
Change in unrealized
(725
)
(13
)
—

319

147

7

(265
)
Quarter ended June 30, 2012
Realized before impairments
$
6

$
21

$
(4
)
$
—

$
(8
)
$
(1
)
$
14

Realized — impairments
—

(8
)
—

1

3

—

(4
)
Change in unrealized
231

(30
)
—

(100
)
(35
)
—

66

Six months ended June 30, 2013
Realized before impairments
$
27

$
71

$
2

$
(1
)
$
(35
)
$
(1
)
$
63

Realized — impairments
—

—

(1
)
—

—

—

(1
)
Change in unrealized
(740
)
54

—

333

124

6

(223
)
Six months ended June 30, 2012
Realized before impairments
$
20

$
56

$
(3
)
$
(2
)
$
(25
)
$
(1
)
$
45

Realized — impairments
(4
)
(10
)
—

3

4

—

(7
)
Change in unrealized
363

40

—

(102
)
(105
)
(3
)
193

(a)
Primarily adjustments to deferred policy acquisition costs and reserves related to annuities and long-term care business.

Realized gains (losses) on securities includes net losses of $3 million in the second quarter and $1 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to net losses of $1 million in the second quarter and net gains of $3 million in the first six months of 2012 from the mark-to-market of certain MBS, primarily interest-only securities with interest rates that float inversely with short-term rates. Gross realized gains and losses (excluding impairment writedowns and mark-to-market of derivatives) on available for sale fixed maturity and equity security investment transactions included in the Statement of Cash Flows consisted of the following (in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Fixed maturities:
Gross gains
$
28

$
18

Gross losses
(1
)
(1
)
Equity securities:
Gross gains
71

57

Gross losses
—

(1
)


23
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


F . Derivatives

As discussed under “ Derivatives ” in Note A — “ Accounting Policies ,” AFG uses derivatives in certain areas of its operations. AFG’s derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under GAAP; changes in the fair value of derivatives are included in earnings.

The following derivatives are included in AFG’s Balance Sheet at fair value (in millions):
June 30, 2013
December 31, 2012
Derivative
Balance Sheet Line
Asset
Liability
Asset
Liability
MBS with embedded derivatives
Fixed maturities
$
130

$
—

$
110

$
—

Public company warrants
Equity securities
15

—

—

—

Interest rate swaptions
Other investments
2

—

1

—

Fixed-indexed annuities (embedded derivative)
Annuity benefits accumulated
—

577

—

465

Equity index call options
Other investments
185

—

132

—

Reinsurance contracts (embedded derivative)
Other liabilities
—

12

—

17

$
332

$
589

$
243

$
482


The MBS with embedded derivatives consist primarily of interest-only MBS with interest rates that float inversely with short-term rates. AFG records the entire change in the fair value of these securities in earnings. These investments are part of AFG’s overall investment strategy and represent a small component of AFG’s overall investment portfolio.

Warrants to purchase shares of publicly traded companies, which represent a small component of AFG’s overall investment portfolio, are considered to be derivatives that must be marked to market through earnings.

AFG has $700 million notional amount of pay-fixed interest rate swaptions (options to enter into pay-fixed/receive floating interest rate swaps at future dates expiring between 2013 and 2015) outstanding at June 30, 2013 which are used to mitigate interest rate risk in its annuity operations. AFG paid $20 million to purchase these swaptions, which represents its maximum potential economic loss over the life of the contracts.

AFG’s fixed-indexed annuities, which represented approximately 40% of annuity benefits accumulated at June 30, 2013 , provide policyholders with a crediting rate tied, in part, to the performance of an existing stock market index. AFG attempts to mitigate the risk in the index-based component of these products through the purchase of call options on the appropriate index. AFG’s strategy is designed so that an increase in the liabilities, due to an increase in the market index, will be generally offset by unrealized and realized gains on the call options purchased by AFG. Both the index-based component of the annuities and the related call options are considered derivatives. As shown in the table below, the mark-to-market on the embedded derivative and call options both resulted in gains in the second quarter of 2013. The $16 million increase in fair value of call options reflects the increase in the stock market during the quarter. However, the offsetting unfavorable impact of stock market performance on the embedded derivative was outweighed by the favorable impact of higher market interest rates resulting in a $3 million overall gain from the mark-to-market of the embedded derivative. In the second quarter of 2012, poor stock market performance resulted in a $21 million loss from the mark-to-market of the call options. In that period, the offsetting favorable impact of poor stock market performance on the embedded derivative was mitigated by the negative impact of lower market interest rates resulting in a $3 million overall gain from the mark-to-market of the embedded derivative.
As discussed under “ Reinsurance ” in Note A , certain reinsurance contracts are considered to contain embedded derivatives.


24
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


The following table summarizes the gain (loss) included in the Statement of Earnings for changes in the fair value of these derivatives for the second quarter and first six months of 2013 and 2012 (in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
Derivative
Statement of Earnings Line
2013
2012
2013
2012
MBS with embedded derivatives
Realized gains
$
(3
)
$
(1
)
$
(1
)
$
3

Public company warrants
Realized gains
(1
)
—

1

—

Interest rate swaptions
Realized gains
1

(3
)
1

(3
)
Fixed-indexed annuities (embedded derivative)
Annuity benefits
3

3

(77
)
(57
)
Equity index call options
Annuity benefits
16

(21
)
93

36

Reinsurance contracts (embedded derivative)
Investment income
4

(4
)
5

(3
)
$
20

$
(26
)
$
22

$
(24
)


25
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


G . Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

A progression of deferred policy acquisition costs is presented below (in millions):
P&C
Annuity and Other (*)
Deferred
Deferred
Sales
Present Value
Consolidated
Costs
Costs
Inducements
of Future Profits
Unrealized
Total
Total
Balance at March 31, 2013
$
203

$
793

$
165

$
95

$
(691
)
$
362

$
565

Additions
123

49

2

—

—

51

174

Amortization:
Periodic amortization
(117
)
(46
)
(8
)
(3
)
—

(57
)
(174
)
Included in realized gains
—

1

—

—

—

1

1

Foreign currency translation
(1
)
—

—

—

—

—

(1
)
Change in unrealized
—

—

—

—

253

253

253

Balance at June 30, 2013
$
208

$
797

$
159

$
92

$
(438
)
$
610

$
818

Balance at March 31, 2012
$
191

$
939

$
186

$
139

$
(539
)
$
725

$
916

Additions
118

70

6

—

—

76

194

Amortization:


Periodic amortization
(111
)
(39
)
(8
)
(4
)
—

(51
)
(162
)
Included in realized gains
—

1

—

—

—

1

1

Change in unrealized
—

—

—

—

(103
)
(103
)
(103
)
Balance at June 30, 2012
$
198

$
971

$
184

$
135

$
(642
)
$
648

$
846

Balance at December 31, 2012
$
204

$
787

$
170

$
99

$
(710
)
$
346

$
550

Additions
242

83

4

—

—

87

329

Amortization:
Periodic amortization
(237
)
(73
)
(15
)
(7
)
—

(95
)
(332
)
Included in realized gains
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Foreign currency translation
(1
)
—

—

—

—

—

(1
)
Change in unrealized
—

—

—

—

272

272

272

Balance at June 30, 2013
$
208

$
797

$
159

$
92

$
(438
)
$
610

$
818

Balance at December 31, 2011
$
189

$
916

$
189

$
144

$
(537
)
$
712

$
901

Additions
221

129

11

—

—

140

361

Amortization:
Periodic amortization
(212
)
(75
)
(16
)
(9
)
—

(100
)
(312
)
Included in realized gains
—

1

—

—

—

1

1

Change in unrealized
—

—

—

—

(105
)
(105
)
(105
)
Balance at June 30, 2012
$
198

$
971

$
184

$
135

$
(642
)
$
648

$
846


(*)
Includes AFG’s run-off long-term care and life segment and Medicare supplement and critical illness segment (sold in August 2012).

The PVFP amounts in the table above are net of $191 million and $184 million of accumulated amortization at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 , respectively.


26
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


H . Managed Investment Entities

AFG is the investment manager and its subsidiaries have investments ranging from 7.5% to 51.2% of the most subordinate debt tranche of ten collateralized loan obligation entities or “CLOs,” which are considered variable interest entities. AFG’s subsidiaries also own portions of the senior debt tranches of certain of these CLOs. Upon formation between 2004 and 2013, these entities issued securities in various senior and subordinate classes and invested the proceeds primarily in secured bank loans, which serve as collateral for the debt securities issued by each particular CLO. None of the collateral was purchased from AFG. AFG’s investments in the subordinate debt tranches of these entities receive residual income from the CLOs only after the CLOs pay expenses (including management fees to AFG), and interest on and returns of capital to senior levels of debt securities. There are no contractual requirements for AFG to provide additional funding for these entities. AFG has not provided and does not intend to provide any financial support to these entities.

AFG’s maximum exposure to economic loss on its CLOs is limited to its investment in the CLOs, which had an aggregate fair value of $336 million (including $105 million invested in the most subordinate debt tranches) at June 30, 2013 , and $257 million at December 31, 2012 .

In April 2013, AFG formed a new CLO, which issued $417 million face amount of liabilities (including $23 million face amount purchased by subsidiaries of AFG). During the first six months of 2013, AFG subsidiaries also purchased $94 million face amount of senior debt tranches of existing CLOs for $89 million .

The revenues and expenses of the CLOs are separately identified in AFG’s Statement of Earnings, after the elimination of management fees and earnings attributable to shareholders of AFG as measured by the change in the fair value of AFG’s investments in the CLOs. Selected financial information related to the CLOs is shown below (in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
Gains (losses) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities (a):
Assets
$
(14
)
$
(2
)
$
3

$
53

Liabilities
(14
)
(19
)
(39
)
(103
)
Management fees paid to AFG
4

4

8

8

CLO earnings (losses) attributable to (b):
AFG shareholders
7

5

18

10

Noncontrolling interests
(31
)
(18
)
(42
)
(46
)

(a)
Included in Revenues in AFG’s Statement of Earnings.
(b)
Included in Earnings before income taxes in AFG’s Statement of Earnings.
The aggregate unpaid principal balance of the CLOs’ fixed maturity investments exceeded the fair value of the investments by $26 million and $29 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 . The aggregate unpaid principal balance of the CLOs’ debt exceeded its fair value by $88 million and $123 million at those dates. The CLO assets include $1 million and $5 million in loans (aggregate unpaid principal balance of $2 million and $12 million , respectively) at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 , for which the CLOs are not accruing interest because the loans are in default.


I . Goodwill and Other Intangibles

There were no changes in the goodwill balance of $185 million during the first six months ended June 30, 2013 . Included in other assets in AFG’s Balance Sheet is $21 million at June 30, 2013 and $28 million at December 31, 2012 in amortizable intangible assets related to property and casualty insurance acquisitions. These amounts are net of accumulated amortization of $68 million and $61 million , respectively. Amortization of these intangibles was $3 million in each of the second quarters of 2013 and 2012 and $7 million in each of the first six months of 2013 and 2012 , respectively. Other assets also include $8 million in non-amortizable intangible assets related to property and casualty insurance acquisitions.


27
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


J . Long-Term Debt

The carrying value of long-term debt consisted of the following (in millions):
June 30,
2013
December 31,
2012
Direct obligations of AFG:
9-7/8% Senior Notes due June 2019
$
350

$
350

6-3/8% Senior Notes due June 2042
230

230

5-3/4% Senior Notes due August 2042
125

125

7% Senior Notes due September 2050
132

132

Other
3

3

840

840

Subsidiaries:
Notes payable secured by real estate due 2013 through 2016
62

62

Secured borrowings ($15 and $16 guaranteed by AFG)
15

19

National Interstate bank credit facility
12

12

89

93

Payable to Subsidiary Trusts:
AAG Holding Variable Rate Subordinated Debentures due May 2033
20

20

$
949

$
953


In June 2013, AFG called the $20 million in AAG Holding Subordinated Debentures for redemption on August 15, 2013 at par value. Including this redemption, scheduled principal payments on debt for the balance of 2013 and the subsequent five years were as follows:
2013 — $36 million ; 2014 — $2 million ; 2015 — $14 million ; 2016 — $45 million ; 2017 — $12 million and 2018 — none .

As shown below (in millions), the majority of AFG’s long-term debt is unsecured obligations of the holding company and its subsidiaries:
June 30,
2013
December 31,
2012
Unsecured obligations
$
872

$
872

Obligations secured by real estate
62

62

Other secured borrowings
15

19

$
949

$
953

AFG can borrow up to $500 million under its revolving credit facility which expires in December 2016. Amounts borrowed under this agreement bear interest at rates ranging from 1.00% to 1.875% (currently 1.375% ) over LIBOR based on AFG’s credit rating. No amounts were borrowed under this facility at June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012 .

National Interstate can borrow up to $100 million under its unsecured credit agreement, which expires in November 2017. At June 30, 2013 there was $12 million outstanding under this agreement, bearing interest at 1.34% ( six -month LIBOR plus 0.875% ).


K . Shareholders’ Equity

AFG is authorized to issue 12.5 million shares of Voting Preferred Stock and 12.5 million shares of Nonvoting Preferred Stock, each without par value.


28
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax (“AOCI”) Comprehensive income is defined as all changes in Shareholders’ Equity except those arising from transactions with shareholders. Comprehensive income includes net earnings and other comprehensive income, which consists primarily of changes in net unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities. The progression of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income follows (in millions):

Other Comprehensive Income
AOCI
Beginning
Balance
Pretax
Tax
Net
of
tax
Attributable to
noncontrolling
interests
Attributable to
shareholders
AOCI
Ending
Balance
Quarter ended June 30, 2013
Net unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period
$
(378
)
$
133

$
(245
)
$
6

$
(239
)


Reclassification adjustment for realized gains (losses) included in net earnings (a)
(41
)
14

(27
)
1

(26
)


Total net unrealized gains on securities (b)
$
865

(419
)
147

(272
)
7

(265
)
$
600

Foreign currency translation adjustments
10

(5
)
—

(5
)
—

(5
)
5

Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments
(6
)
—

—

—

—

—

(6
)
Total
$
869

$
(424
)
$
147

$
(277
)
$
7

$
(270
)
$
599

Quarter ended June 30, 2012
Net unrealized gains on securities
$
705

$
101

$
(35
)
$
66

$
—

$
66

$
771

Foreign currency translation adjustments
16

(8
)
—

(8
)
1

(7
)
9

Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments
(7
)
—

—

—

—

—

(7
)
Total
$
714

$
93

$
(35
)
$
58

$
1

$
59

$
773

Six months ended June 30, 2013
Net unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period
$
(256
)
$
90

$
(166
)
$
5

$
(161
)


Reclassification adjustment for realized gains (losses) included in net earnings (a)
(97
)
34

(63
)
1

(62
)


Total net unrealized gains on securities (b)
$
823

(353
)
124

(229
)
6

(223
)
$
600

Foreign currency translation adjustments
14

(9
)
—

(9
)
—

(9
)
5

Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments
(6
)
—

—

—

—

—

(6
)
Total
$
831

$
(362
)
$
124

$
(238
)
$
6

$
(232
)
$
599

Six months ended June 30, 2012
Net unrealized gains on securities
$
578

$
301

$
(105
)
$
196

$
(3
)
$
193

$
771

Foreign currency translation adjustments
10

(1
)
—

(1
)
—

(1
)
9

Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments
(8
)
1

—

1

—

1

(7
)
Total
$
580

$
301

$
(105
)
$
196

$
(3
)
$
193

$
773

(a)
The reclassification adjustment out of net unrealized gains on securities affected the following lines in AFG’s Consolidated Statement of Earnings:
OCI component
Affected line in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings
Pretax
Realized gains on securities
Tax
Provision for income taxes
Attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
(b)
Includes net unrealized gains of $42 million at June 30, 2013 , $45 million at March 31, 2013 and $33 million at December 31, 2012 related to securities for which only the credit portion of an other-than-temporary impairment has been recorded in earnings.


29
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


Stock Incentive Plans Under AFG’s Stock Incentive Plans, employees of AFG and its subsidiaries are eligible to receive equity awards in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and stock awards. In the first six months of 2013 , AFG issued 249,411 shares of restricted Common Stock (fair value of $44.01 per share) and granted stock options for 1.0 million shares of Common Stock (at an average exercise price of $44.01 ) under the Stock Incentive Plan. In addition, AFG issued 88,602 shares of Common Stock (fair value of $47.12 per share) in the first quarter of 2013 under the Equity Bonus Plan.

AFG uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of its option grants. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility over a period equal to the expected term. The expected term was estimated based on historical exercise patterns and post vesting cancellations. The weighted average fair value of options granted during 2013 was $15.10 per share based on the following assumptions: expected dividend yield — 1.8% ; expected volatility — 38.8% ; expected term — 7.3 years; risk-free rate — 1.4% .

Total compensation expense related to stock incentive plans of AFG and its subsidiaries was $7 million and $9 million in the second quarter and $20 million and $15 million in the first six months of 2013 and 2012 , respectively.

L . Income Taxes

The following is a reconciliation of income taxes at the statutory rate of 35% to the provision for income taxes as shown in the Statement of Earnings (in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
Amount
% of EBT
Amount
% of EBT
Amount
% of EBT
Amount
% of EBT
Earnings before income taxes (“EBT”)
$
126

$
136

$
301

$
282

Income taxes at statutory rate
$
44

35
%
$
48

35
%
$
105

35
%
$
99

35
%
Effect of:
Tax exempt interest
(6
)
(5
%)
(6
)
(4
%)
(11
)
(4
%)
(12
)
(4
%)
Losses of managed investment entities
11

9
%
6

4
%
15

5
%
16

6
%
Subsidiaries not in AFG’s tax return
(1
)
(1
%)
1

1
%
—

—
%
2

1
%
Other
1

1
%
3

2
%
2

1
%
5

1
%
Provision for income taxes as shown on the Statement of Earnings
$
49

39
%
$
52

38
%
$
111

37
%
$
110

39
%

During the second quarter and first six months of 2013 , there were no material changes to AFG’s liability for uncertain tax positions, which is discussed in Note L — “Income Taxes,” to AFG’s 2012 Form 10-K.

M . Contingencies

As previously disclosed, AFG paid $124 million in the second quarter of 2013 related to the settlement of the A.P. Green asbestos claim in its property and casualty operations that had been accrued in prior years. Except for the payment of this claim, there have been no significant changes to the matters discussed and referred to in Note M — “Contingencies” of AFG’s 2012 Form 10-K, which covers property and casualty insurance reserves for claims related to environmental exposures, asbestos and other mass tort claims, as well as environmental and occupational injury and disease claims of former subsidiary railroad and manufacturing operations.


30
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
ITEM 2
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

INDEX TO MD&A
Page
Page

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements. Some of the forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “anticipates”, “believes”, “expects”, “projects”, “estimates”, “intends”, “plans”, “seeks”, “could”, “may”, “should”, “will” or the negative version of those words or other comparable terminology. Such forward-looking statements include statements relating to: expectations concerning market and other conditions and their effect on future premiums, revenues, earnings and investment activities; recoverability of asset values; expected losses and the adequacy of reserves for long-term care, asbestos, environmental pollution and mass tort claims; rate changes; and improved loss experience.

Actual results and/or financial condition could differ materially from those contained in or implied by such forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons including but not limited to:
•
changes in financial, political and economic conditions, including changes in interest and inflation rates, currency fluctuations and extended economic recessions or expansions in the U.S. and/or abroad;
•
performance of securities markets;
•
AFG’s ability to estimate accurately the likelihood, magnitude and timing of any losses in connection with investments in the non-agency residential mortgage market;
•
new legislation or declines in credit quality or credit ratings that could have a material impact on the valuation of securities in AFG’s investment portfolio;
•
the availability of capital;
•
regulatory actions (including changes in statutory accounting rules);
•
changes in the legal environment affecting AFG or its customers;
•
tax law and accounting changes;
•
levels of natural catastrophes and severe weather, terrorist activities (including any nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological events), incidents of war or losses resulting from civil unrest and other major losses;
•
development of insurance loss reserves and establishment of other reserves, particularly with respect to amounts associated with asbestos and environmental claims and AFG’s run-off long-term care business;
•
availability of reinsurance and ability of reinsurers to pay their obligations;
•
the unpredictability of possible future litigation if certain settlements of current litigation do not become effective;
•
trends in persistency, mortality and morbidity;
•
competitive pressures, including those in the annuity distribution channels;
•
the ability to obtain adequate rates and policy terms; and

31
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


•
changes in AFG’s credit ratings or the financial strength ratings assigned by major ratings agencies to AFG’s operating subsidiaries.

The forward-looking statements herein are made only as of the date of this report. The Company assumes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements.

OVERVIEW

Financial Condition

AFG is organized as a holding company with almost all of its operations being conducted by subsidiaries. AFG, however, has continuing cash needs for administrative expenses, the payment of principal and interest on borrowings, shareholder dividends, and taxes. Therefore, certain analyses are best done on a parent only basis while others are best done on a total enterprise basis. In addition, because most of its businesses are financial in nature, AFG does not prepare its consolidated financial statements using a current-noncurrent format. Consequently, certain traditional ratios and financial analysis tests are not meaningful.

Results of Operations

Through the operations of its subsidiaries, AFG is engaged primarily in property and casualty insurance, focusing on specialized commercial products for businesses and in the sale of fixed and fixed-indexed annuities in the retail, financial institutions and education markets.

Net earnings attributable to AFG’s shareholders for the second quarter and first six months of 2013 were $110 million ( $1.20 per share, diluted) and $230 million ( $2.52 per share, diluted), respectively, compared to $99 million ( $1.01 per share, diluted) and $212 million ( $2.15 per share, diluted) reported in the same periods of 2012 . Significantly higher profits in the annuity segment and higher realized gains on sales of securities were partially offset by the absence of earnings from the Medicare supplement and critical illness businesses that were sold in August 2012, and lower underwriting profits and investment income in AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Significant accounting policies are summarized in Note A — “ Accounting Policies ” to the financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that can have a significant effect on amounts reported in the financial statements. As more information becomes known, these estimates and assumptions change and, thus, impact amounts reported in the future. The areas where management believes the degree of judgment required to determine amounts recorded in the financial statements make accounting policies critical are as follows:
•
the establishment of insurance reserves, especially asbestos and environmental-related reserves and reserves for AFG’s closed block of long-term care insurance,
•
the recoverability of reinsurance,
•
the recoverability of deferred acquisition costs,
•
the establishment of asbestos and environmental reserves of former railroad and manufacturing operations, and
•
the valuation of investments, including the determination of “other-than-temporary” impairments.

For a discussion of these policies, see Management’s Discussion and Analysis — “Critical Accounting Policies” in AFG’s 2012 Form 10-K.


32
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Ratios AFG’s debt to total capital ratio on a consolidated basis is shown below (dollars in millions):
June 30,
2013
December 31,
2012
2011
Long-term debt
$
949

$
953

$
934

Total capital
5,092

4,907

4,860

Ratio of debt to total capital:
Including debt secured by real estate
18.6
%
19.4
%
19.2
%
Excluding debt secured by real estate
17.6
%
18.4
%
18.2
%
The ratio of debt to total capital is a non-GAAP measure that management believes is useful for investors, analysts and independent ratings agencies to evaluate AFG’s financial strength and liquidity and to provide insight into how AFG finances its operations. The ratio is calculated by dividing AFG’s long-term debt by its total capital, which includes long-term debt, noncontrolling interests and shareholders’ equity (excluding unrealized gains (losses) related to fixed maturity investments and appropriated retained earnings related to managed investment entities).

AFG’s ratio of earnings to fixed charges, including annuity benefits as a fixed charge, was 2.14 for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 1.98 for the year ended December 31, 2012 . Excluding annuity benefits, this ratio was 8.46 and 7.16 , respectively. Although the ratio excluding annuity benefits is not required or encouraged to be disclosed under Securities and Exchange Commission rules, it is presented because interest credited to annuity policyholder accounts is not always considered a borrowing cost for an insurance company.

Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows
AFG’s cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities as detailed in its Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows are shown below (in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
196

$
226

Net cash used in investing activities
(1,192
)
(826
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
562

799

Net change in cash and cash equivalents
$
(434
)
$
199


AFG's principal sources of cash include insurance premiums, income from its investment portfolio and proceeds from the maturities, redemptions and sales of investments. Insurance premiums in excess of acquisition expenses and operating costs are invested until they are needed to meet policyholder obligations or made available to the parent company through dividends to cover debt obligations, corporate expenses, and to provide returns to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $196 million for the first six months of 2013 compared to $226 million in the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of $30 million . AFG's property and casualty insurance operations typically produce positive net operating cash flows as premiums collected and investment income exceed policy acquisition costs, claims payments and operating expenses. AFG's net cash provided by operating activities is impacted by the level and timing of property and casualty premiums, claim and expense payments and recoveries from reinsurers. AFG's annuity operations typically produce positive net operating cash flows as investment income exceeds acquisition costs and operating expenses. Interest credited on annuity policyholder funds is a non-cash increase in AFG's annuity benefits accumulated liability and annuity premiums, benefits and withdrawals are considered financing activities due to the deposit-type nature of annuities. The $30 million decrease in net cash provided by operating activities reflects the payment of a $124 million asbestos claim settlement in the property and casualty operations, which had been accrued for in prior years.

Net cash used in investing activities was $1.19 billion for the first six months of 2013 compared to $826 million in the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $366 million . AFG's investing activities consist primarily of the investment of funds provided by its property and casualty and annuity products. The $75 million decline in net cash flows from annuity policyholders in the first six months of 2013 as compared to the 2012 period (discussed below under net cash provided by financing activities)

33
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


reduced the amount of cash available for investment in the first six months of 2013 compared to the 2012 period. However, during the first six months of 2013 , AFG reduced cash on hand by $164 million through the purchase of investments in the annuity and run-off long-term care and life segments. During the first six months of 2012 , cash on hand in the annuity and run-off long-term care and life segments increased by $135 million from year-end 2011 as net cash flows from annuity policyholders outpaced the investment of the funds received. The increase in net cash used in investing activities also reflects the use of cash and cash equivalents held in the property and casualty operations to purchase fixed maturity and equity securities during the second quarter of 2013 . Investing activities also include the purchase and disposal of managed investment entity investments (collateralized loan obligations), which are presented separately in AFG's Balance Sheet. Net investment activity in the managed investment entities was a $386 million source of cash in the first six months of 2013 compared to a $181 million source of cash in the 2012 period. See Managed Investment Entities in Note A — “ Accounting Policies ” and Note H — “ Managed Investment Entities ”.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $562 million for the first six months of 2013 compared to $799 million in the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of $237 million . AFG's financing activities consist primarily of transactions with annuity policyholders, issuances and retirements of long-term debt, repurchases of common stock and dividend payments. Annuity receipts exceeded annuity surrenders, benefits, withdrawals and transfers by $948 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to $1.02 billion in the 2012 period, resulting in a $75 million decrease in net cash provided by financing activities in the 2013 period compared to the 2012 period. Cash flows from financing activities for the first six months of 2012 include $223 million in net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt in June 2012. The proceeds from the June debt offering were used primarily to retire higher interest rate debt in July 2012. During the first six months of 2013 , AFG repurchased 1.4 million shares of its Common Stock for $70 million compared to 4.0 million shares repurchased in the first six months of 2012 for $153 million , which accounted for an $83 million increase in net cash provided by financing activities in the 2013 period compared to the 2012 period. Financing activities also include the issuance and retirement of managed investment entity liabilities, which are nonrecourse to AFG and presented separately in AFG's Balance Sheet. The retirement of managed investment entity liabilities exceed issuances by $308 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to $274 million in the first six months of 2012 , accounting for $34 million of the decrease in net cash provided by financing activities in the 2013 period compared to the 2012 period. See Managed Investment Entities in Note A — “ Accounting Policies ” and Note H — “ Managed Investment Entities ”.

Parent and Subsidiary Liquidity

Parent Holding Company Liquidity Management believes AFG has sufficient resources to meet its liquidity requirements. If funds generated from operations, including dividends, tax payments and borrowings from subsidiaries, are insufficient to meet fixed charges in any period, AFG would be required to utilize parent company cash and marketable securities or to generate cash through borrowings, sales of other assets, or similar transactions.

In December 2012, AFG replaced its bank credit facility with a four-year, $500 million revolving credit line. Amounts borrowed under this agreement bear interest at rates ranging from 1.00% to 1.875% (currently 1.375%) over LIBOR based on AFG’s credit rating. There were no borrowings under the agreement, or under any other parent company short-term borrowing arrangements, during 2012 or the first six months of 2013 .

During the first six months of 2013, AFG repurchased 1.4 million shares of its Common Stock for $70 million (primarily in the second quarter). During 2012 , AFG repurchased 10.9 million shares of its Common Stock for $415 million.

Under tax allocation agreements with AFG, its 80%-owned U.S. subsidiaries generally pay taxes to (or recover taxes from) AFG based on each subsidiary’s contribution to amounts due under AFG’s consolidated tax return.

Subsidiary Liquidity Great American Life Insurance Company (“GALIC”), a wholly-owned annuity subsidiary, is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (“FHLB”). The FHLB makes advances and provides other banking services to member institutions, which provides the annuity operations with a substantial additional source of liquidity. These advances further the FHLB’s mission of improving access to housing by increasing liquidity in the residential mortgage-backed securities market. In the second quarter of 2013 , the FHLB advanced GALIC $200 million, increasing the total amount advanced to $440 million at June 30, 2013 (included in annuity benefits accumulated). The interest rates on the advances range from 0.02% to 0.23% over LIBOR (average rate of 0.35% at June 30, 2013 ). While these advances must be repaid between 2016 and 2018, GALIC has the option to prepay all or a portion of the advances. GALIC has invested the proceeds from the advances in fixed maturity securities for the purpose of earning a spread over the interest payments due to the FHLB.


34
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


In November 2012, National Interstate Corporation (“NATL”), a 52%-owned property and casualty insurance subsidiary, replaced its $50 million bank credit facility with a five-year, $100 million unsecured credit agreement. There was $12 million borrowed under this agreement at June 30, 2013 , bearing interest at 1.34% (six-month LIBOR plus 0.875%).

The liquidity requirements of AFG’s insurance subsidiaries relate primarily to the liabilities associated with their products as well as operating costs and expenses, payments of dividends and taxes to AFG and contributions of capital to their subsidiaries. Historically, cash flows from premiums and investment income have generally provided more than sufficient funds to meet these requirements. Funds received in excess of cash requirements are generally invested in additional marketable securities. In addition, the insurance subsidiaries generally hold a significant amount of highly liquid, short-term investments.

The excess cash flow of AFG’s property and casualty group allows it to extend the duration of its investment portfolio somewhat beyond that of its claim reserves.
In the annuity business, where profitability is largely dependent on earning a “spread” between invested assets and annuity liabilities, the duration of investments is generally maintained close to that of liabilities. In a rising interest rate environment, significant protection from withdrawals exists in the form of temporary and permanent surrender charges on AFG’s annuity products. With declining rates, AFG receives some protection (from spread compression) due to the ability to lower crediting rates, subject to contractually guaranteed minimum interest rates (“GMIRs”). AFG began selling policies with GMIRs below 2% in 2003; almost all new business since late 2010 has been issued with a 1% GMIR. At June 30, 2013 , AFG could reduce the average crediting rate of its $14 billion of traditional and fixed-indexed deferred annuities without guaranteed withdrawal benefits by approximately 41 basis points (on a weighted average basis).

AFG believes its insurance subsidiaries maintain sufficient liquidity to pay claims and benefits and operating expenses. In addition, these subsidiaries have sufficient capital to meet commitments in the event of unforeseen events such as reserve deficiencies, inadequate premium rates or reinsurer insolvencies. Nonetheless, changes in statutory accounting rules, significant declines in the fair value of the insurance subsidiaries’ investment portfolios or significant ratings downgrades on these investments, could create a need for additional capital.

Investments AFG’s investment portfolio at June 30, 2013 , contained $25.04 billion in “Fixed maturities” classified as available for sale and $1.20 billion in “Equity securities,” all carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in a separate component of shareholders’ equity on an after-tax basis. In addition, $293 million in fixed maturities were classified as trading with changes in unrealized holding gains or losses included in investment income.
Fair values for AFG’s portfolio are determined by AFG’s internal investment professionals using data from nationally recognized pricing services as well as non-binding broker quotes. Fair values of equity securities are generally based on closing prices obtained from the pricing services. For mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), which comprise approximately 27% of AFG’s fixed maturities, prices for each security are generally obtained from both pricing services and broker quotes. For the remainder of AFG’s fixed maturity portfolio, approximately 86% are priced using pricing services and the balance is priced primarily by using non-binding broker quotes. When prices obtained for the same security vary, AFG’s internal investment professionals select the price they believe is most indicative of an exit price.
The pricing services use a variety of observable inputs to estimate fair value of fixed maturities that do not trade on a daily basis. Based upon information provided by the pricing services, these inputs include, but are not limited to, recent reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids or offers, reference data, and measures of volatility. Included in the pricing of MBS are estimates of the rate of future prepayments and defaults of principal over the remaining life of the underlying collateral. Due to the lack of transparency in the process that brokers use to develop prices, valuations that are based on brokers’ prices are classified as Level 3 in the GAAP hierarchy unless the price can be corroborated, for example, by comparison to similar securities priced using observable inputs.
Valuation techniques utilized by pricing services and prices obtained from external sources are reviewed by AFG’s internal investment professionals who are familiar with the securities being priced and the markets in which they trade to ensure the fair value determination is representative of an exit price. To validate the appropriateness of the prices obtained, these investment managers consider widely published indices (as benchmarks), recent trades, changes in interest rates, general economic conditions and the credit quality of the specific issuers. In addition, AFG communicates directly with pricing services regarding the methods and assumptions used in pricing, including verifying, on a test basis, the inputs used by the services to value specific securities.

35
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


In general, the fair value of AFG’s fixed maturity investments is inversely correlated to changes in interest rates. The following table demonstrates the sensitivity of such fair values to reasonably likely changes in interest rates by illustrating the estimated effect on AFG’s fixed maturity portfolio that an immediate increase of 100 basis points in the interest rate yield curve would have at June 30, 2013 (dollars in millions). Increases or decreases from the 100 basis points illustrated would be approximately proportional.

Fair value of fixed maturity portfolio
$
25,328

Pretax impact on fair value of 100 bps increase in interest rates
$
(1,140
)
Pretax impact as % of total fixed maturity portfolio
(4.5
%)
Approximately 86% of the fixed maturities held by AFG at June 30, 2013 , were rated “investment grade” (credit rating of AAA to BBB) by nationally recognized rating agencies. Investment grade securities generally bear lower yields and lower degrees of risk than those that are unrated and non-investment grade. Management believes that the high quality investment portfolio should generate a stable and predictable investment return.
MBS are subject to significant prepayment risk due to the fact that, in periods of declining interest rates, mortgages may be repaid more rapidly than scheduled as borrowers refinance higher rate mortgages to take advantage of lower rates. Although interest rates have been low for the last few years, a weak housing market and uncertain economic conditions have led to tighter lending standards, which have resulted in fewer buyers being able to refinance the mortgages underlying much of AFG’s non-agency residential MBS portfolio.
Summarized information for AFG’s MBS (including those classified as trading) at June 30, 2013 , is shown (in millions) in the table below. Agency-backed securities are those issued by a U.S. government-backed agency; Alt-A mortgages are those with risk profiles between prime and subprime. The majority of the Alt-A securities and substantially all of the subprime securities are backed by fixed-rate mortgages. The average life of the residential and commercial MBS is approximately 3 years and 4 years, respectively.
Amortized
Cost
Fair Value
Fair Value as
% of  Cost
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
% Rated
Investment
Grade
Collateral type
Residential:
Agency-backed
$
226

$
232

103
%
$
6

100
%
Non-agency prime
1,922

2,094

109
%
172

44
%
Alt-A
828

895

108
%
67

23
%
Subprime
886

945

107
%
59

16
%
Commercial
2,631

2,858

109
%
227

97
%
$
6,493

$
7,024

108
%
$
531

61
%

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) assigns creditworthiness designations on a scale of 1 to 6 with 1 being the highest quality and 6 being the lowest quality. The NAIC retained third-party investment management firms to assist in the determination of appropriate NAIC designations for mortgage-backed securities based not only on the probability of loss (which is the primary basis of ratings by the major ratings firms), but also on the severity of loss and statutory carrying value. At June 30, 2013 , 97% (based on statutory carrying value of $6.41 billion) of AFG’s MBS securities had an NAIC designation of 1 or 2.
Municipal bonds represented approximately 19% of AFG’s fixed maturity portfolio at June 30, 2013 . AFG’s municipal bond portfolio is high quality, with 99% of the securities rated investment grade at that date. The portfolio is well diversified across the states of issuance and individual issuers. At June 30, 2013 , approximately 76% of the municipal bond portfolio was held in revenue bonds, with the remaining 24% held in general obligation bonds. State general obligation securities of California, Illinois, New Jersey and New York collectively represented less than 2% of this portfolio.

36
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Summarized information for the unrealized gains and losses recorded in AFG’s Balance Sheet at June 30, 2013 , is shown in the following table (dollars in millions). Approximately $186 million of available for sale “Fixed maturities” and $65 million of “Equity securities” had no unrealized gains or losses at June 30, 2013 .
Securities
With
Unrealized
Gains
Securities
With
Unrealized
Losses
Available for Sale Fixed Maturities
Fair value of securities
$
19,371

$
5,478

Amortized cost of securities
$
17,861

$
5,693

Gross unrealized gain (loss)
$
1,510

$
(215
)
Fair value as % of amortized cost
108
%
96
%
Number of security positions
3,772

1,004

Number individually exceeding $2 million gain or loss
132

5

Concentration of gains (losses) by type or industry (exceeding 5% of unrealized):
States and municipalities
$
190

$
(79
)
Mortgage-backed securities
581

(50
)
Banks, savings and credit institutions
104

(16
)
Asset-backed securities
41

(12
)
Gas and electric services
130

(3
)
Percentage rated investment grade
86
%
85
%
Equity Securities
Fair value of securities
$
894

$
240

Cost of securities
$
663

$
256

Gross unrealized gain (loss)
$
231

(*)
$
(16
)
Fair value as % of cost
135
%
94
%
Number of security positions
189

62

Number individually exceeding $2 million gain or loss
38

1

(*)
Includes $23 million on AFG’s investment in Verisk Analytics, Inc.

The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of AFG’s available for sale fixed maturity securities at June 30, 2013 , based on their fair values. Securities with sinking funds are reported at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.
Securities
With
Unrealized
Gains
Securities
With
Unrealized
Losses
Maturity
One year or less
5
%
1
%
After one year through five years
24
%
7
%
After five years through ten years
26
%
34
%
After ten years
7
%
25
%
62
%
67
%
Asset-backed securities (average life of approximately 4 1/2 years)
8
%
14
%
Mortgage-backed securities (average life of approximately 3 1/2 years)
30
%
19
%
100
%
100
%


37
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


The table below (dollars in millions) summarizes the unrealized gains and losses on fixed maturity securities by dollar amount:
Aggregate
Fair
Value
Aggregate
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
Fair
Value as
% of Cost
Basis
Fixed Maturities at June 30, 2013
Securities with unrealized gains:
Exceeding $500,000 (895 securities)
$
10,220

$
1,102

112
%
$500,000 or less (2,877 securities)
9,151

408

105
%
$
19,371

$
1,510

108
%
Securities with unrealized losses:
Exceeding $500,000 (109 securities)
$
1,364

$
(110
)
93
%
$500,000 or less (895 securities)
4,114

(105
)
98
%
$
5,478

$
(215
)
96
%

The following table summarizes (dollars in millions) the unrealized loss for all securities with unrealized losses by issuer quality and length of time those securities have been in an unrealized loss position:
Aggregate
Fair
Value
Aggregate
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value as
% of Cost
Basis
Securities with Unrealized Losses at June 30, 2013
Investment grade fixed maturities with losses for:
Less than one year (736 securities)
$
4,525

$
(165
)
96
%
One year or longer (32 securities)
109

(4
)
96
%
$
4,634

$
(169
)
96
%
Non-investment grade fixed maturities with losses for:
Less than one year (129 securities)
$
627

$
(12
)
98
%
One year or longer (107 securities)
217

(34
)
86
%
$
844

$
(46
)
95
%
Common equity securities with losses for:
Less than one year (35 securities)
$
138

$
(12
)
92
%
One year or longer (3 securities)
—

—

—
%
$
138

$
(12
)
92
%
Perpetual preferred equity securities with losses for:
Less than one year (19 securities)
$
78

$
(3
)
96
%
One year or longer (5 securities)
24

(1
)
96
%
$
102

$
(4
)
96
%

When a decline in the value of a specific investment is considered to be “other-than-temporary,” a provision for impairment is charged to earnings (accounted for as a realized loss) and the cost basis of that investment is reduced by the amount of the charge. The determination of whether unrealized losses are “other-than-temporary” requires judgment based on subjective as well as objective factors as detailed in AFG’s 2012 Form 10-K under Management’s Discussion and Analysis — “Investments.”

Based on its analysis, management believes AFG will recover its cost basis in the securities with unrealized losses and that AFG has the ability to hold the securities until they recover in value and had no intent to sell them at June 30, 2013 . Although AFG has the ability to continue holding its investments with unrealized losses, its intent to hold them may change due to deterioration in the issuers’ creditworthiness, decisions to lessen exposure to a particular issuer or industry, asset/liability management decisions, market movements, changes in views about appropriate asset allocation or the desire to offset taxable realized gains. Should AFG’s ability or intent change with regard to a particular security, a charge for impairment would likely be required. While it is not possible to accurately predict if or when a specific security will become impaired, charges for other-than-temporary impairment could be material to results of operations in future periods. Significant declines in the fair value of AFG’s investment portfolio could have a significant adverse effect on AFG’s liquidity.

38
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Uncertainties Management believes that the areas posing the greatest risk of material loss are the adequacy of its insurance reserves and contingencies arising out of its former railroad and manufacturing operations. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis — “Uncertainties” in AFG’s 2012 Form 10-K.

MANAGED INVESTMENT ENTITIES

Accounting standards require AFG to consolidate its investments in collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) entities that it manages and owns an interest in (in the form of debt). See Note A — “ Accounting Policies — Managed Investment Entities ” and Note H — “ Managed Investment Entities .” The effect of consolidating these entities is shown in the tables below (in millions). The “Before CLO Consolidation” columns include AFG’s investment and earnings in the CLOs on an unconsolidated basis.

39
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
Before CLO
Consolidation
Managed
Investment
Entities
Consol.
Entries
Consolidated
As Reported
June 30, 2013
Assets:
Cash and investments
$
29,598

$
—

$
(336
)
(a)
$
29,262

Assets of managed investment entities
—

2,973

—

2,973

Other assets
7,180

—

(1
)
(a)
7,179

Total assets
$
36,778

$
2,973

$
(337
)
$
39,414

Liabilities:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums
$
7,887

$
—

$
—

$
7,887

Annuity, life, accident and health benefits and reserves
20,865

—

—

20,865

Liabilities of managed investment entities
—

2,910

(307
)
(a)
2,603

Long-term debt and other liabilities
3,421

—

—

3,421

Total liabilities
32,173

2,910

(307
)
34,776

Shareholders’ equity:
Common Stock and Capital surplus
1,177

30

(30
)
1,177

Retained earnings:

Appropriated — managed investment entities
—

33

—

33

Unappropriated
2,664

—

—

2,664

Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
599

—

—

599

Total shareholders’ equity
4,440

63

(30
)
4,473

Noncontrolling interests
165

—

—

165

Total equity
4,605

63

(30
)
4,638

Total liabilities and equity
$
36,778

$
2,973

$
(337
)
$
39,414

December 31, 2012
Assets:
Cash and investments
$
28,706

$
—

$
(257
)
(a)
$
28,449

Assets of managed investment entities
—

3,225

—

3,225

Other assets
7,498

—

(1
)
(a)
7,497

Total assets
$
36,204

$
3,225

$
(258
)
$
39,171

Liabilities:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums
$
8,496

$
—

$
—

$
8,496

Annuity, life, accident and health benefits and reserves
19,668

—

—

19,668

Liabilities of managed investment entities
—

3,130

(238
)
(a)
2,892

Long-term debt and other liabilities
3,367

—

—

3,367

Total liabilities
31,531

3,130

(238
)
34,423

Shareholders’ equity:
Common Stock and Capital surplus
1,152

20

(20
)
1,152

Retained earnings:

Appropriated — managed investment entities
—

75

—

75

Unappropriated
2,520

—

—

2,520

Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
831

—

—

831

Total shareholders’ equity
4,503

95

(20
)
4,578

Noncontrolling interests
170

—

—

170

Total equity
4,673

95

(20
)
4,748

Total liabilities and equity
$
36,204

$
3,225

$
(258
)
$
39,171

(a)
Elimination of the fair value of AFG’s investment in CLOs and related accrued interest.


40
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF EARNINGS
Before CLO
Consolidation (a)
Managed
Investment
Entities
Consol.
Entries
Consolidated
As Reported
Three months ended June 30, 2013
Revenues:
Insurance net earned premiums
$
737

$
—

$
—

$
737

Net investment income
339

—

(7
)
(b)
332

Realized gains on securities
41

—

—

41

Income (loss) of managed investment entities:
Investment income
—

32

—

32

Loss on change in fair value of assets/liabilities
—

(29
)
1

(b)
(28
)
Other income
29

—

(4
)
(c)
25

Total revenues
1,146

3

(10
)
1,139

Costs and Expenses:
Insurance benefits and expenses
900

—

—

900

Expenses of managed investment entities
—

35

(11
)
(b)(c)
24

Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses
89

—

—

89

Total costs and expenses
989

35

(11
)
1,013

Earnings before income taxes
157

(32
)

1

126

Provision for income taxes
49

—

—

49

Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
108

(32
)
1

77

Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
(2
)
—

(31
)
(d)
(33
)
Net Earnings Attributable to Shareholders
$
110

$
(32
)
$
32

$
110

Three months ended June 30, 2012
Revenues:
Insurance net earned premiums
$
745

$
—

$
—

$
745

Net investment income
334

—

(5
)
(b)
329

Realized gains on securities
16

—

—

16

Realized losses on subsidiaries
(1
)
—

—

(1
)
Income (loss) of managed investment entities:
Investment income
—

32

—

32

Loss on change in fair value of assets/liabilities
—

(23
)
2

(b)
(21
)
Other income
28

—

(4
)
(c)
24

Total revenues
1,122

9

(7
)
1,124

Costs and Expenses:
Insurance benefits and expenses
871

—

—

871

Expenses of managed investment entities
—

27

(7
)
(b)(c)
20

Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses
97

—

—

97

Total costs and expenses
968

27

(7
)
988

Earnings before income taxes
154

(18
)
—

136

Provision for income taxes
52

—

—

52

Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
102

(18
)
—

84

Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
3

—

(18
)
(d)
(15
)
Net Earnings Attributable to Shareholders
$
99

$
(18
)
$
18

$
99


(a)
Includes $7 million and $5 million for the second quarter of 2013 and 2012 , respectively, in investment income representing the change in fair value of AFG’s CLO investments plus $4 million in each period in CLO management fees earned.
(b)
Elimination of the change in fair value of AFG’s investments in the CLOs, including $7 million and $3 million in the second quarter of 2013 and 2012 , respectively, in distributions recorded as interest expense by the CLOs
(c)
Elimination of management fees earned by AFG.
(d)
Allocate losses of CLOs attributable to other debt holders to noncontrolling interests.

41
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF EARNINGS
Before CLO
Consolidation (a)
Managed
Investment
Entities
Consol.
Entries
Consolidated
As Reported
Six months ended June 30, 2013
Revenues:
Insurance net earned premiums
$
1,454

$
—

$
—

$
1,454

Net investment income
676

—

(18
)
(b)
658

Realized gains on securities
98

—

—

98

Income (loss) of managed investment entities:
Investment income
—

66

—

66

Loss on change in fair value of assets/liabilities
—

(39
)
3

(b)
(36
)
Other income
55

—

(8
)
(c)
47

Total revenues
2,283

27

(23
)
2,287

Costs and Expenses:
Insurance benefits and expenses
1,754

—

—

1,754

Expenses of managed investment entities
—

67

(21
)
(b)(c)
46

Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses
186

—

—

186

Total costs and expenses
1,940

67

(21
)
1,986

Earnings before income taxes
343

(40
)

(2
)



301

Provision for income taxes
111

—

—

111

Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
232

(40
)
(2
)
190

Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
2

—

(42
)
(d)
(40
)
Net Earnings Attributable to Shareholders
$
230

$
(40
)
$
40

$
230

Six months ended June 30, 2012
Revenues:
Insurance net earned premiums
$
1,453

$
—

$
—

$
1,453

Net investment income
656

—

(10
)
(b)
646

Realized gains on securities
60

—

—

60

Realized losses on subsidiaries
(1
)
—

—

(1
)
Income (loss) of managed investment entities:
Investment income
—

61

—

61

Loss on change in fair value of assets/liabilities
—

(54
)
4

(b)
(50
)
Other income
50

—

(8
)
(c)
42

Total revenues
2,218

7

(14
)
2,211

Costs and Expenses:
Insurance benefits and expenses
1,691

—

—

1,691

Expenses of managed investment entities
—

53

(14
)
(b)(c)
39

Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses
199

—

—

199

Total costs and expenses
1,890

53

(14
)
1,929

Earnings before income taxes
328

(46
)
—

282

Provision for income taxes
110

—

—

110

Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
218

(46
)
—

172

Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
6

—

(46
)
(d)
(40
)
Net Earnings Attributable to Shareholders
$
212

$
(46
)
$
46

$
212


(a)
Includes $18 million and $10 million for the first six months of 2013 and 2012 , respectively, in investment income representing the change in fair value of AFG’s CLO investments plus $8 million in each period in CLO management fees earned.
(b)
Elimination of the change in fair value of AFG’s investments in the CLOs, including $13 million and $6 million in the first six months of 2013 and 2012 , respectively, in distributions recorded as interest expense by the CLOs
(c)
Elimination of management fees earned by AFG.
(d)
Allocate losses of CLOs attributable to other debt holders to noncontrolling interests.

42
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General Results of operations as shown in the accompanying financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP.

AFG’s net earnings attributable to shareholders, determined in accordance with GAAP, include certain items that may not be indicative of its ongoing core operations. The following table identifies such items and reconciles net earnings attributable to shareholders to core net operating earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure that AFG believes is a useful tool for investors and analysts in analyzing ongoing operating trends (in millions, except per share amounts):
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
Core net operating earnings
$
87

$
90

$
171

$
175

Realized gains (*)
26

9

62

37

ELNY guaranty fund assessments (*)
(3
)
—

(3
)
—

Net earnings attributable to shareholders
$
110

$
99

$
230

$
212

Diluted per share amounts:
Core net operating earnings
$
.96

$
.91

$
1.88

$
1.77

Realized gains
.28

.10

.68

.38

ELNY guaranty fund assessments
(.04
)
—

(.04
)
—

Net earnings attributable to shareholders
$
1.20

$
1.01

$
2.52

$
2.15


(*)    The tax effects of reconciling items are shown below (in millions):
Realized gains
$
(15
)
$
(5
)
$
(35
)
$
(21
)
ELNY guaranty fund assessments
2

—

2

—


In addition, realized gains are shown net of noncontrolling interests as follows (in millions):
Noncontrolling interests
$
—

$
(1
)
$
(1
)
$
(1
)

Net earnings attributable to shareholders increased $11 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 reflecting higher realized gains on securities. The 2013 second quarter results include an after-tax charge of $3 million related to guaranty fund assessments expected from various state funds for the insolvency and liquidation of Executive Life Insurance Company of New York (“ELNY”), an unaffiliated life insurance company. Core net operating earnings decreased $3 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 as significantly higher profits in the annuity segment was more than offset by the absence of earnings from the Medicare supplement and critical illness businesses that were sold in August 2012 and lower underwriting profits and investment income in the property and casualty insurance segment. However, core net operating earnings per share increased $.05 in the second quarter of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 due to the impact of share repurchases over the last twelve months.

Net earnings attributable to shareholders increased $18 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 reflecting higher realized gains on securities. Core net operating earnings decreased $4 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 due to the items mentioned in the discussion of the second quarter results (above).


43
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — QUARTERS ENDED JUNE 30, 2013 AND 2012

Segmented Statement of Earnings AFG reports its business as five segments: (i) Property and casualty insurance (“P&C”), (ii) Annuity, (iii) Run-off long-term care and life, (iv) Medicare supplement and critical illness (sold in August 2012) and (v) Other, which includes holding company costs and operations attributable to the noncontrolling interests of the managed investment entities (“MIEs”).

AFG's net earnings attributable to shareholders, determined in accordance with GAAP, include certain items that may not be indicative of its ongoing core operations. The following tables for the quarters ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 identify such items by segment and reconcile net earnings attributable to shareholders to core net operating earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure that AFG believes is a useful tool for investors and analysts in analyzing ongoing operating trends (in millions):
Other
P&C
Annuity
Run-off long-term care and life
Consol. MIEs
Holding Co., other and unallocated
Total
Non-core reclass
GAAP Total
Quarter ended June 30, 2013
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums
$
709

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
709

$
—

$
709

Life, accident and health net earned premiums
—

—

28

—

—

28

—

28

Net investment income
65

257

18

(7
)
(1
)
332

—

332

Realized gains on securities
—

—

—

—

—

—

41

41

Income (loss) of MIEs:
Investment income
—

—

—

32

—

32

—

32

Loss on change in fair value of assets/liabilities
—

—

—

(28
)
—

(28
)
—

(28
)
Other income
6

15

1

(4
)
7

25

—

25

Total revenues
780

272

47

(7
)
6

1,098

41

1,139

Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
430

—

—

—

—

430

—

430

Commissions and other underwriting expenses
260

—

—

—

—

260

—

260

Annuity benefits
—

120

—

—

—

120

—

120

Life, accident and health benefits
—

—

38

—

—

38

—

38

Annuity and supplemental insurance acquisition expenses
—

48

4

—

—

52

—

52

Interest charges on borrowed money
1

—

—

—

17

18

—

18

Expenses of MIEs
—

—

—

24

—

24

—

24

Other expenses
10

22

7

—

27

66

5

71

Total costs and expenses
701

190

49

24

44

1,008

5

1,013

Earnings before income taxes
79

82

(2
)
(31
)
(38
)
90

36

126

Provision for income taxes
22

29

(1
)
—

(14
)
36

13

49

Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
57

53

(1
)
(31
)
(24
)
54

23

77

Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
(3
)
—

—

(31
)
1

(33
)
—

(33
)
Core Net Operating Earnings
60

53

(1
)
—

(25
)
87

Non-core earnings attributable to shareholders (a):
Realized gains on securities, net of tax
—

—

—

—

26

26

(26
)
—

ELNY guaranty fund assessments, net of tax
—

(3
)
—

—

—

(3
)
3

—

Net Earnings Attributable to Shareholders
$
60

$
50

$
(1
)
$
—

$
1

$
110

$
—

$
110


44
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued



Other
P&C
Annuity
Run-off long-term care and life
Medicare supplement and critical illness
Consol. MIEs
Holding Co., other and unallocated
Total
Non-core reclass
GAAP Total
Quarter ended June 30, 2012
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums
$
640

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
640

$
—

$
640

Life, accident and health net earned premiums
—

—

31

74

—

—

105

—

105

Net investment income
69

245

18

2

(5
)
—

329

—

329

Realized gains on securities
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

16

16

Realized losses on subsidiaries
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1
)
(1
)
Income (loss) of MIEs:
Investment income
—

—

—

—

32

—

32

—

32

Loss on change in fair value of assets/liabilities
—

—

—

—

(21
)
—

(21
)
—

(21
)
Other income
8

12

—

3

(4
)
5

24

—

24

Total revenues
717

257

49

79

2

5

1,109

15

1,124

Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
363

—

—

—

—

—

363

—

363

Commissions and other underwriting expenses
232

—

—

—

—

—

232

—

232

Annuity benefits
—

147

—

—

—

—

147

—

147

Life, accident and health benefits
—

—

34

48

—

—

82

—

82

Annuity and supplemental insurance acquisition expenses
—

31

5

11

—

—

47

—

47

Interest charges on borrowed money
1

—

—

—

—

18

19

—

19

Expenses of MIEs
—

—

—

—

20

—

20

—

20

Other expenses
16

20

5

8

—

29

78

—

78

Total costs and expenses
612

198

44

67

20

47

988

—

988

Earnings before income taxes
105

59

5

12

(18
)
(42
)
121

15

136

Provision for income taxes
34

20

2

4

—

(13
)
47

5

52

Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
71

39

3

8

(18
)
(29
)
74

10

84

Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
2

—

—

—

(18
)
—

(16
)
1

(15
)
Core Net Operating Earnings
69

39

3

8

—

(29
)
90

Non-core earnings attributable to shareholders (a):
Realized gains (losses), net of tax
—

—

—

—

—

9

9

(9
)
—

Net Earnings Attributable to Shareholders
$
69

$
39

$
3

$
8

$
—

$
(20
)
$
99

$
—

$
99


(a)
See the reconciliation of core earnings to GAAP net earnings under Results of Operations — General for details on the tax and noncontrolling interest impacts of these reconciling items.

Property and Casualty Insurance Segment — Results of Operations Performance measures such as underwriting profit or loss and related combined ratios are often used by property and casualty insurers to help users of their financial statements better understand the company's performance. Underwriting profitability is measured by the combined ratio, which is a sum of the ratios of losses and loss adjustment expenses, and commissions and other underwriting expenses to premiums. A combined ratio under 100% indicates an underwriting profit. The combined ratio does not reflect investment income, other income, other expenses or federal income taxes. AFG's property and casualty insurance operations contributed $79 million in pretax earnings in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $105 million in the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $26 million ( 25% ). The lower earnings are primarily the result of lower underwriting profits in the Property and transportation group, particularly in the transportation business, and higher catastrophe losses.

45
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


The following table details AFG's earnings before income taxes from its property and casualty operations for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Gross written premiums
$
1,041

$
1,024

2
%
Reinsurance premiums ceded
(292
)
(292
)
—
%
Net written premiums
749

732

2
%
Change in unearned premiums
(40
)
(92
)
(57
%)
Net earned premiums
709

640

11
%
Loss and loss adjustment expenses
430

363

18
%
Commissions and other underwriting expenses
260

232

12
%
Underwriting gain
19

45

(58
%)


Net investment income
65

69

(6
%)
Other income and expenses, net
(5
)
(9
)
(44
%)
Earnings before income taxes
$
79

$
105

(25
%)
Combined Ratios:
Specialty lines
Change
Loss and LAE ratio
60.3
%
55.7
%
4.6
%
Underwriting expense ratio
36.7
%
36.1
%
0.6
%
Combined ratio
97.0
%
91.8
%
5.2
%
Aggregate (including discontinued lines)
Loss and LAE ratio
60.5
%
56.8
%
3.7
%
Underwriting expense ratio
36.7
%
36.1
%
0.6
%
Combined ratio
97.2
%
92.9
%
4.3
%

While AFG desires and seeks to earn an underwriting profit on all of its business, it is not always possible to do so. As a result, AFG attempts to expand in the most profitable businesses and control growth or even reduce its involvement in the least profitable businesses.

AFG reports the underwriting performance of its Specialty insurance business in the following sub-components: (i) Property and transportation, (ii) Specialty casualty and (iii) Specialty financial.

To understand the overall profitability of particular lines, the timing of claims payments and the related impact of investment income must be considered. Certain “short-tail” lines of business (primarily property coverages) generally have quick loss payouts, which reduce the time funds are held, thereby limiting investment income earned thereon. In contrast, “long-tail” lines of business (primarily liability coverages and workers' compensation) generally have payouts that are either structured over many years or take many years to settle, thereby significantly increasing investment income earned on related premiums received.


46
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Gross Written Premiums
Gross written premiums ("GWP") for AFG's property and casualty insurance segment were $1.04 billion for the second quarter of 2013 compared to $1.02 billion for the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $17 million ( 2% ). Detail of AFG's property and casualty gross written premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
GWP
%
GWP
%
% Change
Property and transportation
$
446

43
%
$
531

52
%
(16
%)
Specialty casualty
440

42
%
358

35
%
23
%
Specialty financial
155

15
%
134

13
%
16
%
Other specialty
—

—
%
1

—
%
$
1,041

100
%
$
1,024

100
%
2
%

Reinsurance Premiums Ceded
Reinsurance premiums ceded ("Ceded") for AFG's property and casualty insurance segment were 28% of gross written premiums for the second quarter of 2013 compared to 29% for the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of 1 percentage point. Detail of AFG's property and casualty reinsurance premiums ceded is shown below (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Change in
Ceded
% of GWP
Ceded
% of GWP
% of GWP
Property and transportation
$
(118
)
26
%
$
(162
)
31
%
(5
%)
Specialty casualty
(157
)
36
%
(114
)
32
%
4
%
Specialty financial
(38
)
25
%
(32
)
24
%
1
%
Other specialty
21

16

$
(292
)
28
%
$
(292
)
29
%
(1
%)

Net Written Premiums
Net written premiums ("NWP") for AFG's property and casualty insurance segment were $749 million for the second quarter of 2013 compared to $732 million for the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $17 million ( 2% ). Detail of AFG's property and casualty net written premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
NWP
%
NWP
%
% Change
Property and transportation
$
328

44
%
$
369

51
%
(11
%)
Specialty casualty
283

38
%
244

33
%
16
%
Specialty financial
117

15
%
102

14
%
15
%
Other specialty
21

3
%
17

2
%
24
%
$
749

100
%
$
732

100
%
2
%


47
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Net Earned Premiums
Net earned premiums ("NEP") for AFG's property and casualty insurance segment were $709 million for the second quarter of 2013 compared to $640 million for the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $69 million ( 11% ). Detail of AFG's property and casualty net earned premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
NEP
%
NEP
%
% Change
Property and transportation
$
301

42
%
$
290

45
%
4
%
Specialty casualty
277

39
%
236

37
%
17
%
Specialty financial
113

16
%
98

15
%
15
%
Other specialty
18

3
%
16

3
%
13
%
$
709

100
%
$
640

100
%
11
%

The $17 million increase in gross written premiums for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 reflects double digit premium growth in the Specialty casualty and Specialty financial groups, somewhat offset by lower premiums in the Property and transportation group, primarily the result of lower crop insurance premiums. Delayed planting of spring crops resulted in late acreage reporting and reduced overall second quarter 2013 specialty property and casualty premiums. Excluding crop insurance premiums, gross and net written premiums grew by 15% and 10%, respectively, when compared to the second quarter of 2012 . Overall average renewal rates increased approximately 5% in the second quarter of 2013 .

Property and transportation Gross written premiums decreased $85 million ( 16% ) in the second quarter of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 due primarily to delayed acreage reporting from insureds as a result of excess moisture and late planting of corn and soybean crops. Crop premiums are impacted by annual planting decisions by each farmer. Premiums cannot be measured or recorded until crops and acreage have been reported. Each year, the timing of premium recognition is somewhat different due to planting progress. This year’s lower second quarter crop premium as compared to the 2012 quarter is the result of this variability. It is expected that the delayed premiums will be included in third quarter results. Excluding crop insurance, 2013 gross and net written premiums grew by 6% and 3%, respectively, when compared to the second quarter of 2012. Average renewal rates were up approximately 6% for the second quarter of 2013 . Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums declined 5 percentage points for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 reflecting lower cessions on the crop quota share agreement due to delayed acreage reporting from insureds.

Specialty casualty Gross written premiums increased $82 million ( 23% ) for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 as a result of increases in nearly all businesses in this group, especially in the workers’ compensation and excess and surplus lines. New business opportunities, increased exposures from higher payroll on existing accounts, strong retentions and higher renewal pricing have contributed to increased premiums in the workers’ compensation businesses. In addition, new business opportunities and general market hardening have generated increased premiums in several of the excess and surplus lines businesses. Average renewal rates were up approximately 5% for this group in the second quarter of 2013 . Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums increased 4 percentage points for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 reflecting a change in the mix of business as well as the timing of reinsurance premiums between quarters.
Specialty financial Gross written premiums increased $21 million ( 16% ) for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 due primarily to growth in lender-placed mortgage property insurance offered by the financial institutions business. Gross written premiums for the second quarter of 2013 include $8 million in risk fees from AFG’s warranty operations. Prior to 2013, fees in the warranty operations were included in other income. Average renewal rates for this group were down 1% in the second quarter of 2013 . Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums remained virtually unchanged for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 .

Other specialty The amounts shown as reinsurance premiums ceded represent business assumed by AFG's internal reinsurance program from the operations that make up AFG's other Specialty sub-components.

48
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Combined Ratio
Performance measures such as the combined ratio are often used by property and casualty insurers to help users of their financial statements better understand the company's performance. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) and underwriting expense ratios. These ratios are calculated by dividing each of the respective expenses by net earned premiums. The table below details the components of the combined ratio for AFG's property and casualty segment:
Three months ended June 30,
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Change
2013
2012
Property and transportation
Loss and LAE ratio
78.5
%
67.6
%
10.9
%
Underwriting expense ratio
31.8
%
30.5
%
1.3
%
Combined ratio
110.3
%
98.1
%
12.2
%
Underwriting profit (loss)
$
(31
)
$
6

Specialty casualty
Loss and LAE ratio
53.4
%
49.9
%
3.5
%
Underwriting expense ratio
35.0
%
36.2
%
(1.2
%)
Combined ratio
88.4
%
86.1
%
2.3
%
Underwriting profit
$
32

$
33

Specialty financial
Loss and LAE ratio
32.9
%
35.8
%
(2.9
%)
Underwriting expense ratio
53.7
%
52.7
%
1.0
%
Combined ratio
86.6
%
88.5
%
(1.9
%)
Underwriting profit
$
15

$
11

Total Specialty
Loss and LAE ratio
60.3
%
55.7
%
4.6
%
Underwriting expense ratio
36.7
%
36.1
%
0.6
%
Combined ratio
97.0
%
91.8
%
5.2
%
Underwriting profit
$
21

$
52

Aggregate — including discontinued lines
Loss and LAE ratio
60.5
%
56.8
%
3.7
%
Underwriting expense ratio
36.7
%
36.1
%
0.6
%
Combined ratio
97.2
%
92.9
%
4.3
%
Underwriting profit
$
19

$
45


The Specialty insurance operations generated an underwriting profit of $21 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $52 million for the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $31 million ( 60% ). The lower profit in the 2013 quarter is primarily the result of lower underwriting profits in the Property and transportation group, particularly in the transportation businesses, and higher catastrophe losses. Catastrophe losses were $19 million (2.6 points on the combined ratio), compared to $6 million (0.8 points) in the second quarter of 2012 .

Property and transportation This group reported an underwriting loss of $31 million for the second quarter of 2013 , compared to a $6 million underwriting gain for the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease in underwriting profit of $37 million . This decrease is attributable to lower profitability in the transportation businesses and higher catastrophe losses impacting the property and inland marine operations. AFG remains committed to obtaining appropriate rate increases in the transportation businesses and will reduce premium volume as needed to increase the profitability of these operations. Catastrophe losses were $18 million for this group during the second quarter of 2013 , primarily the result of losses from spring storms in the southeastern United States, compared to $4 million during the second quarter of 2012 .


49
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Specialty casualty Underwriting profit was $32 million for the second quarter of 2013 compared to $33 million in the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $1 million ( 3% ). A modest improvement in current accident year results was more than offset by lower favorable prior year reserve development.

Specialty financial Underwriting profit was $15 million for the second quarter of 2013 compared to $11 million in the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $4 million ( 36% ).The increased profitability was due primarily to higher underwriting profits in the financial institutions business, primarily from lender-placed mortgage property insurance. Most of the businesses in this group reported strong underwriting margins during the second quarter of 2013.

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
AFG's overall loss and LAE ratio was 60.5% for the second quarter of 2013 compared to 56.8% for second quarter of 2012 , an increase of 3.7 percentage points. The components of AFG's property and casualty losses and LAE amounts and ratio are detailed below:
Three months ended June 30,
Amount
Ratio
Change in
2013
2012
2013
2012
Ratio
Property and transportation
Current year, excluding catastrophe losses
$
215

$
194

71.6
%
66.7
%
4.9
%
Prior accident years development
3

(2
)
1.2
%
(0.5
%)
1.7
%
Current year catastrophe losses
18

4

5.7
%
1.4
%
4.3
%
Property and transportation losses and LAE and ratio
$
236

$
196

78.5
%
67.6
%
10.9
%
Specialty casualty
Current year, excluding catastrophe losses
$
170

$
143

61.2
%
61.0
%
0.2
%
Prior accident years development
(22
)
(27
)
(8.0
%)
(11.3
%)
3.3
%
Current year catastrophe losses
—

1

0.2
%
0.2
%
—
%
Specialty casualty losses and LAE and ratio
$
148

$
117

53.4
%
49.9
%
3.5
%
Specialty financial
Current year, excluding catastrophe losses
$
36

$
40

32.9
%
39.4
%
(6.5
%)
Prior accident years development
—

(4
)
(0.7
%)
(3.6
%)
2.9
%
Current year catastrophe losses
1

—

0.7
%
—
%
0.7
%
Specialty financial losses and LAE and ratio
$
37

$
36

32.9
%
35.8
%
(2.9
%)
Total Specialty
Current year, excluding catastrophe losses
$
433

$
384

61.1
%
60.2
%
0.9
%
Prior accident years development
(24
)
(34
)
(3.4
%)
(5.3
%)
1.9
%
Current year catastrophe losses
19

6

2.6
%
0.8
%
1.8
%
Total Specialty losses and LAE and ratio
$
428

$
356

60.3
%
55.7
%
4.6
%
Aggregate — including discontinued lines
Current year, excluding catastrophe losses
$
433

$
384

61.1
%
60.2
%
0.9
%
Prior accident years development
(22
)
(27
)
(3.2
%)
(4.2
%)
1.0
%
Current year catastrophe losses
19

6

2.6
%
0.8
%
1.8
%
Aggregate losses and LAE and ratio
$
430

$
363

60.5
%
56.8
%
3.7
%

Net favorable reserve development
AFG's property and casualty operations recorded net favorable loss reserve development related to prior accident years of $22 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $27 million in the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $5 million ( 19% ).


50
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Property and transportation Net adverse reserve development of $3 million in the second quarter of 2013 reflects an increase in severity in commercial auto liability business written in the transportation businesses partially offset by favorable development in the property and inland marine business. Net favorable reserve development of $2 million in the second quarter of 2012 reflects lower than expected loss frequency in crop products and lower severity in ocean marine, partially offset by higher than expected claim severity in property and inland marine business.

Specialty casualty Net favorable reserve development of $22 million in the second quarter of 2013 reflects lower than expected claim severity in directors and officers liability insurance and lower than expected claim severity and frequency in excess liability business. Net favorable reserve development of $27 million in the second quarter of 2012 reflects lower than expected claim severity and frequency in homebuilders general liability operations and lower than expected claim severity in directors and officers liability insurance partially offset by higher claim frequency and severity in a run-off book of U.S.-based program (motel/hotel, restaurants, taverns and recreational) business and adverse development in AFG’s Lloyd’s operations, related primarily to Italian public hospital medical malpractice business (which it ceased writing in 2008).

Specialty financial Net favorable reserve development was nominal in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $4 million in the second quarter of 2012 . Net favorable reserve development in the second quarter of 2012 reflects lower than expected claim severity in AFG’s fidelity and crime products and lower frequency and severity in surety business.

Other specialty In addition to the development discussed above, total specialty net favorable reserve development reflects amortization of the deferred gain on the retroactive insurance transaction entered into in connection with the sale of a business in 1998 and reserve development associated with AFG’s internal reinsurance program.

Aggregate Aggregate results for AFG’s property and casualty segment also include $2 million of adverse development in the second quarter of 2013 related to businesses outside of the specialty group that AFG no longer writes and $7 million of adverse development in the second quarter of 2012 related to asbestos and environmental reserves.

Catastrophe losses
AFG generally seeks to reduce its exposure to catastrophes through individual risk selection, including minimizing coastal and known fault-line exposures, and the purchase of reinsurance. Based on data available at December 31, 2012, AFG's exposure to a catastrophic earthquake or windstorm that industry models indicate could occur once in every 500 years (a “500-year event”) is expected to be less than 3% of AFG's shareholders' equity. The $18 million in catastrophe losses in the property and transportation group in the second quarter of 2013 was primarily the result of losses from spring storms in the southeastern United States.

Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses
AFG's property and casualty commissions and other underwriting expenses ("U/W Exp") were $260 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $232 million for the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $28 million ( 12% ). AFG's underwriting expense ratio, calculated as commissions and other underwriting expenses divided by net premiums earned, was 36.7% for the second quarter of 2013 compared to 36.1% for the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of 0.6 percentage points. Detail of AFG's property and casualty commissions and other underwriting expenses and underwriting expense ratios is shown below (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Change in
U/W Exp
% of NEP
U/W Exp
% of NEP
% of NEP
Property and transportation
$
96

31.8
%
$
88

30.5
%
1.3
%
Specialty casualty
97

35.0
%
86

36.2
%
(1.2
%)
Specialty financial
61

53.7
%
51

52.7
%
1.0
%
Other specialty
6

38.9
%
7

37.5
%
1.4
%
$
260

36.7
%
$
232

36.1
%
0.6
%

The overall increase of 0.6% in AFG's expense ratio for the second quarter of 2013 as compared to the second quarter of 2012 , as well as the fluctuations in AFG's sub-components, reflect changes in the mix of AFG's business and the impact of certain reinsurance ceding commissions received that are partially based on the profitability of the business ceded, partially offset by the impact of higher premiums on the ratio.


51
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Property and transportation Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums increased 1.3 percentage points for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 reflecting higher profitability-based commissions paid to agents/brokers and lower profitability-based commissions received from reinsurers.

Specialty casualty Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums decreased 1.2 percentage points for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 reflecting the impact of higher premiums on the ratio.

Specialty financial Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums increased 1.0 percentage points for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 reflecting higher profitability-based commissions and lower ceding commissions from reinsurers, partially offset by the impact of higher premiums on the ratio.

Property and Casualty Investment Income
Net investment income in AFG's property and casualty operations was $65 million for the second quarter of 2013 compared to $69 million in the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $4 million ( 6% ). In recent years, yields available in the financial markets on fixed maturity securities have generally declined, placing downward pressure on AFG's investment portfolio yield. The average invested assets and overall earned yield on investments held by AFG's property and casualty operations are provided below (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Change
% Change
Net investment income
$
65

$
69

$
(4
)
(6
%)


Average invested assets (at amortized cost)
$
6,911

$
6,606

$
305

5
%


Yield (net investment income as a % of average invested assets)
3.76
%
4.18
%
(0.42
%)



The property and casualty segment’s overall yield on investments (net investment income as a percentage of average invested assets) was 3.76% for the second quarter of 2013 compared to 4.18% for the second quarter of 2012 , a decline of 0.42 percentage points. In addition to the impact of lower yields available in the financial markets, the $305 million increase in average invested assets reflects primarily higher average cash and cash equivalent balances.

Property and Casualty Other Income and Expense, Net
Other income and expenses, net for AFG's property and casualty operations was a net expense of $5 million for the second quarter of 2013 compared to $9 million for the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $4 million ( 44% ). The table below details the items included in other income and expenses, net for AFG's property and casualty operations (in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Other income
Warranty operations
$
—

$
4

Income from the sale of real estate
4

—

Other
2

4

Total other income
6

8

Other expenses
Warranty operations
—

5

Amortization of intangibles
3

3

Other
7

8

Total other expense
10

16

Interest expense
1

1

Other income and expenses, net
$
(5
)
$
(9
)
Beginning in 2013, AFG’s warranty operations are included in the Specialty financial underwriting results.
Interest expense for AFG's property and casualty operations includes interest charges on long-term debt within the property and casualty operations, primarily notes secured by real estate and other secured borrowings.

52
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Annuity Segment — Results of Operations
AFG’s annuity operations contributed $77 million in GAAP pretax earnings in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $59 million in the second quarter of 2012, an increase of $18 million (31%). AFG's annuity operations contributed $82 million in core pretax earnings in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $59 million in the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $23 million ( 39% ). The increase in GAAP and core pretax earnings was a result of the favorable impact that rising interest rates had on AFG’s fixed-indexed annuity reserves and growth in AFG’s annuity business, partially offset by the run-off of higher yielding investments.

AFG recorded a second quarter pretax charge of $5 million in its annuity operations to cover expected assessments from state guaranty funds related to the insolvency and liquidation of Executive Life Insurance Company of New York (“ELNY”), an unaffiliated life insurance company. ELNY was placed into rehabilitation by the New York Insurance Department in 1991. In April 2012, ELNY was declared insolvent and ordered into liquidation. AFG’s life insurance subsidiaries are required under the solvency or guaranty laws of most states in which they do business to pay assessments up to certain prescribed limits to fund policyholder losses or liabilities of insolvent insurance companies such as ELNY and started receiving guaranty fund assessments related to ELNY from various states in the second quarter of 2013. AFG does not expect to record significant additional charges for ELNY guaranty fund assessments in future quarters.

The following table details AFG's GAAP and core earnings before income taxes from its annuity operations for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in millions).
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Revenues:
Net investment income
$
257

$
245

5
%
Other income:
Guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees
6

3

100
%
Policy charges and other miscellaneous income
9

9

—
%
Total revenues
272

257

6
%
Core Costs and Expenses:
Annuity benefits (a)
120

147

(18
%)
Acquisition expenses
48

31

55
%
Other expenses (b)
22

20

10
%
Total costs and expenses
190

198

(4
%)
Core earnings before income taxes
82

59

39
%
Pretax non-core ELNY guaranty fund assessments
(5
)
—

—
%
GAAP earnings before income taxes
$
77

$
59

31
%

(a) Annuity benefits consisted of the following (in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Interest credited — fixed
$
111

$
112

(1
%)
Interest credited — fixed component of variable annuities
1

1

—
%
Change in expected death and annuitization reserve
6

5

20
%
Amortization of sales inducements
8

7

14
%
Change in guaranteed withdrawal benefit reserve
10

3

233
%
Change in other benefit reserves
3

1

200
%
Derivatives related to fixed-indexed annuities:
Embedded derivative mark-to-market
(3
)
(3
)
—
%
Equity option mark-to-market
(16
)
21

(176
%)
Total annuity benefits
$
120

$
147

(18
%)

(b) Other expenses exclude the non-core ELNY guaranty fund assessments.

53
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


The profitability of a fixed annuity business is largely dependent on the ability of a company to earn income on the assets supporting the business in excess of the amounts credited to policyholder accounts plus expenses incurred (earning a “spread”). Performance measures such as net interest spread and net spread earned are often presented by annuity businesses to help users of their financial statements better understand the company's performance.

Net Spread on Fixed Annuities (excludes variable annuity earnings)
The table below (dollars in millions) details the components of these spreads for AFG's fixed annuity operations (including fixed-indexed annuities):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Average fixed annuity investments (at amortized cost)
$
18,615

$
16,373

14
%
Average fixed annuity benefits accumulated
18,151

16,173

12
%
As % of fixed annuity benefits accumulated (except as noted):




Net investment income (as % of fixed annuity investments)
5.45
%
5.93
%
Interest credited — fixed
(2.43
%)
(2.77
%)
Net interest spread
3.02
%
3.16
%
Policy charges and other miscellaneous income
0.13
%
0.17
%
Other annuity benefit expenses, net of guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees
(0.46
%)
(0.34
%)
Acquisition expenses
(1.00
%)
(0.69
%)
Other expenses (*)
(0.43
%)
(0.46
%)
Change in fair value of derivatives related to fixed-indexed annuities
0.39
%
(0.42
%)
Net spread earned on fixed annuities
1.65
%
1.42
%

(*) Excludes the $5 million non-core charge for the ELNY guaranty fund assessments. Including this charge, the net spread earned on fixed annuities was 1.54% for the second quarter of 2013.

Annuity Net Investment Income
Net investment income for the second quarter of 2013 was $257 million compared to $245 million for the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $12 million ( 5% ). This increase reflects primarily the growth in AFG’s annuity business. The overall yield earned on investments in AFG's annuity operations, calculated as net investment income divided by average investment balances (at amortized cost), declined by 0.48 percentage points in the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 . This decline in net investment yield reflects (i) the investment of new premium dollars in the recent low interest rate environment and (ii) the impact of the maturity and redemption of higher yielding investments. The impact of these items was partially offset by strong investment results in the 2013 quarter and a reduction in a portion of the investment portfolio held in cash and cash equivalents during the 2013 quarter as compared to the 2012 quarter.

Annuity Interest Credited — Fixed
Interest credited — fixed for the second quarter of 2013 was $111 million compared to $112 million for the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $1 million ( 1% ). The impact of growth in the annuity business was more than offset by lower interest crediting rates on new premiums as compared to the crediting rates on policyholder funds surrendered or withdrawn as well as the impact of crediting rate reductions on existing policyholder funds that were implemented in the second half of 2012 . The average interest rate credited to policyholders, calculated as interest credited divided by average fixed annuity benefits accumulated, decreased 0.34 percentage points in the second quarter of 2013 compared to 2012 . During the second quarter of 2013 , interest rates credited on new premiums generally ranged from 1.00% to 2.00%.


54
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


To a lesser extent, the interest credited also reflects the Company's decision to lower interest rates on certain inforce business. Excluding those annuities that have guaranteed withdrawal benefits, at June 30, 2013 , AFG could reduce the average crediting rate on approximately $14 billion of traditional and fixed-indexed deferred annuities by an additional 0.41% (on a weighted average basis). Annuity policies are subject to Guaranteed Minimum Interest Rates (“GMIRs”) at policy issuance. The table below shows the breakdown of annuity reserves by GMIR. The current interest crediting rates on substantially all of AFG's annuities with a GMIR of 3% or higher are at their minimum.
% of
GMIR
Reserves
1 — 1.99%
45%
2 — 2.99%
13%
3 — 3.99%
24%
4.00% and above
18%

Annuity Net Interest Spread
AFG's net interest spread decreased 0.14 percentage points in the second quarter of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 primarily due to the run-off of higher yielding investments, partially offset by strong investment results during the second quarter of 2013 and lower average crediting rates. Due to the strong investment results in the second quarter of 2013 and continued run-off of higher yielding investments, AFG expects its net interest spread to narrow in the future.

Annuity Policy Charges and Other Miscellaneous Income
Annuity policy charges and other miscellaneous income were $9 million for both the second quarter of 2013 and the second quarter of 2012 . Policy charges and other miscellaneous income for AFG's annuity operations, which consist primarily of surrender charges, as a percentage of average fixed annuity benefits accumulated declined 0.04 percentage points primarily reflecting lower surrender charge rates.

Other Annuity Benefits
Other annuity benefits, net of guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees for the second quarter of 2013 were $21 million compared to $13 million for the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $8 million ( 62% ). In addition to interest credited to policyholders’ accounts, annuity benefits expense also includes the following expenses (in millions, net of guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Change in expected death and annuitization reserve
$
6

$
5

Amortization of sales inducements
8

7

Change in guaranteed withdrawal benefit reserve
10

3

Change in other benefit reserves
3

1

Other annuity benefits
27

16

Offset guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees
(6
)
(3
)
Other annuity benefits, net
$
21

$
13


The $8 million increase in other annuity benefits, net of guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 reflects primarily increased sales of products with guaranteed withdrawal benefit features.

Annuity Acquisition Expenses
AFG's amortization of DPAC and commission expenses as a percentage of average fixed annuity benefits accumulated was 1.00% for the second quarter of 2013 compared to 0.69% for the second quarter of 2012 and has generally ranged between 0.70% and 0.80% . Variances from the general range relate primarily to changes in the mix of business and actual experience as compared to certain actuarial assumptions. For example, the favorable impact of the increase in market interest rates during the second quarter of 2013 on the fair value of derivatives related to fixed-indexed annuities (discussed below) resulted in a partially offsetting acceleration in the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs.


55
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Annuity Other Expenses
Annuity other expenses for the second quarter of 2013 were $22 million , excluding the non-core ELNY guaranty fund assessments, compared to $20 million for the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $2 million ( 10% ). Annuity other expenses represent primarily general and administrative expenses, as well as selling and issuance expenses that are not deferred. As a percentage of average fixed annuity benefits accumulated, these expenses declined 0.03 percentage points for the second quarter of 2013 as compared to the second quarter of 2012 ; this percentage is expected to continue to decrease as AFG's annuity business grows.

Change in Fair Value of Derivatives Related to Fixed-Indexed Annuities
AFG’s fixed-indexed annuities, which represented approximately 40% of annuity benefits accumulated at June 30, 2013 , provide policyholders with a crediting rate tied, in part, to the performance of an existing stock market index. AFG attempts to mitigate the risk in the index-based component of these products through the purchase of call options on the appropriate index. AFG’s strategy is designed so that an increase in the liabilities, due to an increase in the market index, will be generally offset by unrealized and realized gains on the call options purchased by AFG. Both the index-based component of the annuities and the related call options are considered derivatives that must be marked-to-market through earnings each period. The fair values of these derivatives are impacted by actual and expected stock market performance and interest rates as well as other factors. For a list of other factors impacting the fair value of the index-based component of AFG’s annuity benefits accumulated, see Note D — “ Fair Value Measurements .” The net change in fair value of derivatives related to fixed-indexed annuities reduced annuity benefits by $19 million in the second quarter of 2013 as the impact of strong stock market performance on the embedded derivative was more than offset by the positive impact of higher market interest rates. Conversely, the net change in fair value of the derivatives related to fixed-indexed annuities increased annuity benefits expense by $18 million in the second quarter of 2012 as the impact of the decline in the stock market on the embedded derivative was more than offset by the negative impact of lower market interest rates.

Annuity Net Spread Earned on Fixed Annuities
AFG’s net spread earned on fixed annuities increased 0.23 percentage points in the second quarter of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 as the decline in net interest spread was more than offset by the impact of the other components of the overall net spread (discussed above). AFG expects its net spread earned on fixed annuities to be closer to 1.30% to 1.40% in the second half of 2013 as compared to approximately 1.60% earned in the second quarter and first six months of 2013 .


56
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Annuity Benefits Accumulated
Annuity premiums received and benefit payments are recorded as increases or decreases in annuity benefits accumulated rather than as revenue and expense. Increases in this liability for interest credited and other benefits are charged to expense and decreases for surrender and other policy charges are credited to other income.

For certain products, annuity benefits accumulated also includes reserves for accrued persistency and premium bonuses (sales inducements), excess benefits expected to be paid on future deaths and annuitizations (“EDAR”) and guaranteed withdrawal benefits. Annuity benefits accumulated also includes amounts advanced from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati. The following table is a progression of AFG's annuity benefits accumulated liability for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Beginning fixed annuity reserves
$
17,737

$
15,828

Fixed annuity premiums (receipts)
848

888

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
200

—

Surrenders, benefits and other withdrawals
(352
)
(328
)
Interest and other annuity benefit expenses:
Interest credited
111

112

Embedded derivative mark-to-market
(3
)
(3
)
Change in other benefit reserves
23

21

Ending fixed annuity reserves
$
18,564

$
16,518

Reconciliation to annuity benefits accumulated per balance sheet:
Ending fixed annuity reserves (from above)
$
18,564

$
16,518

Impact of unrealized investment gains
87

38

Fixed component of variable annuities
197

202

Annuity benefits accumulated per balance sheet
$
18,848

$
16,758


Statutory Annuity Premiums
AFG's annuity operations generated statutory premiums of $861 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $905 million in the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $44 million ( 5% ). The following table summarizes AFG's annuity sales (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Retail single premium annuities — indexed
$
472

$
531

(11
%)
Retail single premium annuities — fixed
37

34

9
%
Financial institutions single premium annuities — indexed
169

80

111
%
Financial institutions single premium annuities — fixed
118

179

(34
%)
Education market — 403(b) fixed and indexed annuities
52

64

(19
%)
Total fixed annuity premiums
848

888

(5
%)
Variable annuities
13

17

(24
%)
Total annuity premiums
$
861

$
905

(5
%)

Annuity premiums of $861 million for the second quarter of 2013 represent an increase of $237 million ( 38% ) from the first quarter of 2013 reflecting successful distribution channel expansion, as well as new product development. The 5% net decrease in annuity premiums in the second quarter of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 was consistent with expectations and reflects actions taken by AFG in response to the significant drop in interest rates that began in the second quarter of 2012. These actions included reductions in interest rates credited to policyholders and in commissions paid to agents. In addition, AFG believes its sales have been impacted by aggressive participants and new entrants in certain of its markets.


57
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Annuity Earnings before Income Taxes Reconciliation
The following table reconciles the GAAP and core net spread earned on AFG’s fixed annuities to overall annuity pretax earnings for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Earnings on fixed annuity benefits accumulated (a)
$
75

$
57

Earnings on investments in excess of fixed annuity benefits accumulated (b)
6

3

Variable annuity earnings
1

(1
)
Core earnings before income taxes
82

59

Pretax non-core ELNY guaranty fund assessments
(5
)
—

GAAP earnings before income taxes
$
77

$
59


(a) Excludes the pretax non-core ELNY guaranty fund assessment of $5 million in 2013.
(b) Net investment income (as a % of investments) of 5.45% and 5.93% for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively, multiplied by the difference between average fixed annuity investments (at amortized cost) and average fixed annuity benefits accumulated in each period.

Run-off Long-Term Care and Life Segment — Results of Operations The following table details AFG's earnings before income taxes from its run-off long-term care and life operations for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Revenues:
Net earned premiums:


Long-term care
$
19

$
20

(5
%)
Life operations
9

11

(18
%)
Net investment income
18

18

—
%
Other income
1

—

—
%
Total revenues
47

49

(4
%)
Costs and Expenses:
Life, accident and health benefits:


Long-term care
29

20

45
%
Life operations
9

14

(36
%)
Acquisition expenses
4

5

(20
%)
Other expenses
7

5

40
%
Total costs and expenses
49

44

11
%
Earnings (loss) before income taxes
$
(2
)
$
5


The increase in long-term care benefits expense in the second quarter of 2013 as compared to the second quarter of 2012 is due primarily to an increase in new claims. Due to the nature and size of its long-term care business, AFG expects claims volatility from period to period. Management continues to monitor the long-term care business. The decrease in life benefits expense in the second quarter of 2013 as compared to the 2012 quarter is due primarily to improved claims experience.


58
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Medicare Supplement and Critical Illness Segment — Results of Operations AFG's Medicare supplement and critical illness segment, which was sold in August 2012, contributed pretax earnings of $12 million in the second quarter of 2012 . See Note B — “ Sale of Subsidiaries .” The following table details AFG's earnings before income taxes from its Medicare supplement and critical illness business (in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Revenues:
Net earned premiums
$
—

$
74

Net investment income
—

2

Other income
—

3

Total revenues
—

79

Costs and Expenses:
Life, accident and health benefits
—

48

Acquisition expenses
—

11

Other expenses
—

8

Total costs and expenses
—

67

Earnings before income taxes
$
—

$
12


Holding Company, Other and Unallocated — Results of Operations AFG's net pretax loss outside of its insurance operations (excluding realized gains) totaled $38 million for the second quarter of 2013 compared to $42 million for the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $4 million ( 10% ).

The following table details AFG's loss before income taxes from operations outside of its insurance operations for three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Revenues:
Net investment income
$
(1
)
$
—

—
%
Other income
7

5

40
%
Total revenues
6

5

20
%
Costs and Expenses:
Interest charges on borrowed money
17

18

(6
%)
Other expenses
27

29

(7
%)
Total costs and expenses
44

47

(6
%)
Loss before income taxes, excluding realized gains
$
(38
)
$
(42
)
(10
%)

Holding Company and Other — Investment Income
The parent company holds a small portfolio of securities that are classified as “trading” and marked-to-market through investment income. These trading securities declined in value by approximately $1 million in the second quarter of 2013 , which resulted in a net loss in investment income for the second quarter of 2013 as compared to a nominal amount of investment income recorded in the second quarter of 2012 .

Holding Company and Other — Other Income
Other income in the table above includes $4 million in both the second quarters of 2013 and 2012 of management fees paid to AFG by the AFG-managed CLOs (AFG's consolidated managed investment entities). These fees are eliminated in consolidation — see the other income line in the Consolidate MIEs column under Results of Operations — Segmented Statement of Earnings . Excluding amounts eliminated in consolidation, AFG recorded other income outside of its insurance operations of $3 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $1 million in the second quarter of 2012 .


59
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Holding Company and Other — Interest Charges on Borrowed Money
AFG's holding companies and other operations outside of its insurance operations recorded interest expense of $17 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $18 million in the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $1 million (6%). In June 2012, AFG issued $230 million in new Senior Notes and used the proceeds to redeem $198 million of higher rate debt in July 2012. The following table details AFG's long-term debt balances as of June 30, 2013 compared to June 30, 2012 (dollars in millions):
June 30,
2013
June 30,
2012
Direct obligations of AFG:
9-7/8% Senior Notes due June 2019
$
350

$
350

6-3/8% Senior Notes due June 2042
230

230

5-3/4% Senior Notes due August 2042
125

—

7% Senior Notes due September 2050
132

132

7-1/8% Senior Notes
—

115

Other
3

3

840

830

Other holding company obligations:
Obligations of AAG Holding (guaranteed by AFG):
7-1/2% Senior Debentures
—

112

7-1/4% Senior Debentures
—

86

Secured borrowings (guaranteed by AFG)
15

16

AAG Holding Variable Rate Subordinated Debentures due May 2033
20

20

35

234

Total Holding Company and Other Debt
$
875

$
1,064

`
Weighted Average Interest Rate
7.7
%
7.8
%

Holding Company and Other — Other Expenses
AFG's holding companies and other operations outside of its insurance operations recorded other expenses of $27 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $29 million in the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $2 million ( 7% ).

Consolidated Realized Gains (Losses) on Securities AFG's consolidated realized gains on securities, which are not allocated to segments, were $41 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $16 million in the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $25 million ( 156% ). Realized gains (losses) on securities consisted of the following (in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Realized gains (losses) before impairments:
Disposals
$
45

$
27

Change in the fair value of derivatives
(3
)
(4
)
Adjustments to annuity deferred policy acquisition costs and related items
—

—

42

23

Impairment charges:
Securities
(1
)
(8
)
Adjustments to annuity deferred policy acquisition costs and related items
—

1

(1
)
(7
)
$
41

$
16

Realized gains on disposals include gains on sales of shares of Verisk Analytics, Inc. of $12 million in the second quarter of 2013 and $19 million in the second quarter of 2012 .

The change in fair value of derivatives includes net losses of $3 million in the second quarter of 2013 and net losses of $1 million in the second quarter of 2012 from the mark-to-market of MBS, primarily interest-only securities with interest rates that float inversely with short-term rates. See Note F — “ Derivatives .”

60
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued



Consolidated Income Taxes AFG's consolidated provision for income taxes was $49 million for the second quarter of 2013 compared to $52 million in the second quarter of 2012 , a decrease of $3 million ( 6% ). See Note L — “ Income Taxes ” to the financial statements for an analysis of items affecting AFG’s effective tax rate.

Consolidated Noncontrolling Interests AFG's consolidated net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests was $33 million for the second quarter of 2013 compared to a loss of $15 million for the second quarter of 2012 , an increase of $18 million ( 120% ). The following table details net earnings (loss) in consolidated subsidiaries attributable to holders other than AFG (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
National Interstate
$
(3
)
$
3

(200
%)
Marketform
—

(1
)
(100
%)
Managed Investment Entities
(31
)
(18
)
72
%
Other
1

1

—
%
$
(33
)
$
(15
)
120
%

During the third quarter of 2012, AFG acquired the remaining 28% of Marketform that it did not already own. As discussed in Notes A — “ Accounting Policies ,” and H — “ Managed Investment Entities ” to the financial statements, the losses of Managed Investment Entities represent CLO losses that ultimately inure to holders of the CLO debt.


61
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2013 AND 2012

Segmented Statement of Earnings AFG reports its business as five segments: (i) Property and casualty insurance (“P&C”), (ii) Annuity, (iii) Run-off long-term care and life, (iv) Medicare supplement and critical illness (sold in August 2012) and (v) Other, which includes holding company costs and operations attributable to the noncontrolling interests of the managed investment entities (“MIEs”).

AFG's net earnings attributable to shareholders, determined in accordance with GAAP, include certain items that may not be indicative of its ongoing core operations. The following tables for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 identify such items by segment and reconcile net earnings attributable to shareholders to core net operating earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure that AFG believes is a useful tool for investors and analysts in analyzing ongoing operating trends (in millions):
Other
P&C
Annuity
Run-off long-term care and life
Consol. MIEs
Holding Co., other and unallocated
Total
Non-core reclass
GAAP Total
Six months ended June 30, 2013
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums
$
1,396

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
1,396

$
—

$
1,396

Life, accident and health net earned premiums
—

—

58

—

—

58

—

58

Net investment income
131

505

37

(18
)
3

658

—

658

Realized gains on securities
—

—

—

—

—

—

98

98

Income (loss) of MIEs:
Investment income
—

—

—

66

—

66

—

66

Loss on change in fair value of assets/liabilities
—

—

—

(36
)
—

(36
)
—

(36
)
Other income
9

29

2

(8
)
15

47

—

47

Total revenues
1,536

534

97

4

18

2,189

98

2,287

Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
823

—

—

—

—

823

—

823

Commissions and other underwriting expenses
511

—

—

—

—

511

—

511

Annuity benefits
—

254

—

—

—

254

—

254

Life, accident and health benefits
—

—

78

—

—

78

—

78

Annuity and supplemental insurance acquisition expenses
—

79

9

—

—

88

—

88

Interest charges on borrowed money
2

—

—

—

34

36

—

36

Expenses of MIEs
—

—

—

46

—

46

—

46

Other expenses
22

43

13

—

67

145

5

150

Total costs and expenses
1,358

376

100

46

101

1,981

5

1,986

Earnings before income taxes
178

158

(3
)
(42
)
(83
)
208

93

301

Provision for income taxes
53

55

(1
)
—

(29
)
78

33

111

Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
125

103

(2
)
(42
)
(54
)
130

60

190

Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
—

—

—

(42
)
1

(41
)
1

(40
)
Core Net Operating Earnings
125

103

(2
)
—

(55
)
171

Non-core earnings attributable to shareholders (a):
Realized gains on securities, net of tax
—

—

—

—

62

62

(62
)
—

ELNY guaranty fund assessments, net of tax
—

(3
)
—

—

—

(3
)
3

—

Net Earnings Attributable to Shareholders
$
125

$
100

$
(2
)
$
—

$
7

$
230

$
—

$
230



62
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Other
P&C
Annuity
Run-off long-term care and life
Medicare supplement and critical illness
Consol. MIEs
Holding Co., other and unallocated
Total
Non-core reclass
GAAP Total
Six months ended June 30, 2012
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums
$
1,243

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
1,243

$
—

$
1,243

Life, accident and health net earned premiums
—

—

61

149

—

—

210

—

210

Net investment income
139

473

35

5

(10
)
4

646

—

646

Realized gains on securities
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

60

60

Realized losses on subsidiaries
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1
)
(1
)
Income (loss) of MIEs:
Investment income
—

—

—

—

61

—

61

—

61

Loss on change in fair value of assets/liabilities
—

—

—

—

(50
)
—

(50
)
—

(50
)
Other income
11

25

—

5

(8
)
9

42

—

42

Total revenues
1,393

498

96

159

(7
)
13

2,152

59

2,211

Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
707

—

—

—

—

—

707

—

707

Commissions and other underwriting expenses
443

—

—

—

—

—

443

—

443

Annuity benefits
—

277

—

—

—

—

277

—

277

Life, accident and health benefits
—

—

71

101

—

—

172

—

172

Annuity and supplemental insurance acquisition expenses
—

60

10

22

—

—

92

—

92

Interest charges on borrowed money
3

—

—

—

—

35

38

—

38

Expenses of MIEs
—

—

—

—

39

—

39

—

39

Other expenses
32

42

9

18

—

60

161

—

161

Total costs and expenses
1,185

379

90

141

39

95

1,929

—

1,929

Earnings before income taxes
208

119

6

18

(46
)
(82
)
223

59

282

Provision for income taxes
65

42

2

6

—

(26
)
89

21

110

Net earnings, including noncontrolling interests
143

77

4

12

(46
)
(56
)
134

38

172

Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
5

—

—

—

(46
)
—

(41
)
1

(40
)
Core Net Operating Earnings
138

77

4

12

—

(56
)
175

Non-core earnings attributable to shareholders (a):
Realized gains (losses), net of tax
—

—

—

—

—

37

37

(37
)
—

Net Earnings Attributable to Shareholders
$
138

$
77

$
4

$
12

$
—

$
(19
)
$
212

$
—

$
212


(a)
See the reconciliation of core earnings to GAAP net earnings under Results of Operations — General for details on the tax and noncontrolling interest impacts of these reconciling items.

Property and Casualty Insurance Segment — Results of Operations AFG's property and casualty insurance operations contributed $178 million in pretax earnings in the first six months of 2013 compared to $208 million in the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of $30 million ( 14% ). The decrease in pretax earnings reflects a decline in underwriting profits in the Property and transportation group, particularly in the transportation business, and higher catastrophe losses.

63
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


The following table details AFG's earnings before income taxes from its property and casualty operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Gross written premiums
$
1,966

$
1,847

6
%
Reinsurance premiums ceded
(513
)
(508
)
1
%
Net written premiums
1,453

1,339

9
%
Change in unearned premiums
(57
)
(96
)
(41
%)
Net earned premiums
1,396

1,243

12
%
Loss and loss adjustment expenses
823

707

16
%
Commissions and other underwriting expenses
511

443

15
%
Underwriting gain
62

93

(33
%)
Net investment income
131

139

(6
%)
Other income and expenses, net
(15
)
(24
)
(38
%)
Earnings before income taxes
$
178

$
208

(14
%)
Combined Ratios:
Specialty lines
Change
Loss and LAE ratio
58.4
%
56.3
%
2.1
%
Underwriting expense ratio
36.6
%
35.6
%
1.0
%
Combined ratio
95.0
%
91.9
%
3.1
%
Aggregate (including discontinued lines)
Loss and LAE ratio
58.9
%
56.9
%
2.0
%
Underwriting expense ratio
36.6
%
35.6
%
1.0
%
Combined ratio
95.5
%
92.5
%
3.0
%

AFG reports the underwriting performance of its Specialty insurance business in the following sub-components: (i) Property and transportation, (ii) Specialty casualty and (iii) Specialty financial.

Gross Written Premiums
Gross written premiums ("GWP") for AFG's property and casualty insurance segment were $1.97 billion for the first six months of 2013 compared to $1.85 billion for the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $119 million ( 6% ). Detail of AFG's property and casualty gross written premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
GWP
%
GWP
%
% Change
Property and transportation
$
798

41
%
$
859

47
%
(7
%)
Specialty casualty
870

44
%
724

39
%
20
%
Specialty financial
298

15
%
263

14
%
13
%
Other specialty
—

—
%
1

—
%
(100
%)
$
1,966

100
%
$
1,847

100
%
6
%


64
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Reinsurance Premiums Ceded
Reinsurance premiums ceded ("Ceded") for AFG's property and casualty insurance segment were 26% of gross written premiums for the first six months of 2013 compared to 28% for the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of 2 percentage points. Detail of AFG's property and casualty reinsurance premiums ceded is shown below (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Change in
Ceded
% of GWP
Ceded
% of GWP
% of GWP
Property and transportation
$
(194
)
24
%
$
(240
)
28
%
(4
%)
Specialty casualty
(292
)
34
%
(233
)
32
%
2
%
Specialty financial
(68
)
23
%
(68
)
26
%
(3
%)
Other specialty
41

33

$
(513
)
26
%
$
(508
)
28
%
(2
%)

Net Written Premiums
Net written premiums ("NWP") for AFG's property and casualty insurance segment were $1.45 billion for the first six months of 2013 compared to $1.34 billion for the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $114 million ( 9% ). Detail of AFG's property and casualty net written premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
NWP
%
NWP
%
% Change
Property and transportation
$
604

41
%
$
619

46
%
(2
%)
Specialty casualty
578

40
%
491

37
%
18
%
Specialty financial
230

16
%
195

15
%
18
%
Other specialty
41

3
%
34

2
%
21
%
$
1,453

100
%
$
1,339

100
%
9
%

Net Earned Premiums
Net earned premiums ("NEP") for AFG's property and casualty insurance segment were $1.40 billion for the first six months of 2013 compared to $1.24 billion for the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $153 million ( 12% ). Detail of AFG's property and casualty net earned premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
NEP
%
NEP
%
% Change
Property and transportation
$
594

43
%
$
553

44
%
7
%
Specialty casualty
536

38
%
456

37
%
18
%
Specialty financial
229

16
%
201

16
%
14
%
Other specialty
37

3
%
33

3
%
12
%
$
1,396

100
%
$
1,243

100
%
12
%

The $119 million increase in gross written premiums for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012 reflects strong growth in the Specialty casualty and Specialty financial groups, partially offset by lower premiums in the Property and transportation group. Overall average renewal rates increased approximately 5% in the first six months of 2013 .

Property and transportation Gross written premiums decreased $61 million ( 7% ) in first six months of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 due primarily to delayed acreage reporting from insureds as a result of excess moisture and late planting of corn and soybean crops. Average renewal rates were up approximately 6% for the first six months of 2013 . Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums declined 4 percentage points for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012 reflecting lower cessions of winter wheat business and lower cessions under the crop quota share due to the delayed acreage reporting.


65
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Specialty casualty Gross written premiums increased $146 million ( 20% ) for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012 as a result of increases in nearly all businesses in this group, especially in the workers’ compensation and excess and surplus lines. New business opportunities, increased exposures from higher payroll on existing accounts, strong retentions and higher renewal pricing have contributed to increased premiums in the workers’ compensation businesses. In addition, new business opportunities and general market hardening have generated increased premiums in several of the excess and surplus lines businesses. Average renewal rates were up approximately 6% for this group in the first six months of 2013 . Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums increased 2 percentage points for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012 reflecting a change in the mix of business as well as timing of reinsurance premiums between quarters.
Specialty financial Gross written premiums increased $35 million ( 13% ) for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012 due primarily to growth in lender-placed mortgage property insurance offered by the financial institutions business partially offset by a decrease in the service contract business. Gross written premiums for the first six months of 2013 include $14 million in risk fees from AFG’s warranty operations. Prior to 2013, fees in the warranty operations were included in other income. Average renewal rates for this group remained unchanged in the first six months of 2013 . Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums declined 3 percentage points for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012 due to the decrease in service contract business, which is 100% reinsured.

Other specialty The amounts shown as reinsurance premiums ceded represent business assumed by AFG's internal reinsurance program from the operations that make up AFG's other Specialty sub-components.

66
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Combined Ratio
The table below details the components of the combined ratio for AFG's property and casualty segment for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012:
Six months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Change
2013
2012
Property and transportation
Loss and LAE ratio
72.1
%
63.4
%
8.7
%
Underwriting expense ratio
31.4
%
30.6
%
0.8
%
Combined ratio
103.5
%
94.0
%
9.5
%
Underwriting profit
$
(21
)
$
33

Specialty casualty
Loss and LAE ratio
55.3
%
57.3
%
(2.0
%)
Underwriting expense ratio
35.2
%
34.5
%
0.7
%
Combined ratio
90.5
%
91.8
%
(1.3
%)
Underwriting profit
$
51

$
37

Specialty financial
Loss and LAE ratio
34.4
%
35.1
%
(0.7
%)
Underwriting expense ratio
53.2
%
51.5
%
1.7
%
Combined ratio
87.6
%
86.6
%
1.0
%
Underwriting profit
$
28

$
27

Total Specialty
Loss and LAE ratio
58.4
%
56.3
%
2.1
%
Underwriting expense ratio
36.6
%
35.6
%
1.0
%
Combined ratio
95.0
%
91.9
%
3.1
%
Underwriting profit
$
69

$
100

Aggregate — including discontinued lines
Loss and LAE ratio
58.9
%
56.9
%
2.0
%
Underwriting expense ratio
36.6
%
35.6
%
1.0
%
Combined ratio
95.5
%
92.5
%
3.0
%
Underwriting profit
$
62

$
93


The Specialty insurance operations generated an underwriting profit of $69 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to $100 million for the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of $31 million ( 31% ). The lower profit in the first six months of 2013 is primarily the result of lower underwriting profits in the Property and transportation group, particularly in the transportation businesses, and higher catastrophe losses. Catastrophe losses were $29 million (2.1 points on the combined ratio) for this group during the first six months of 2013 compared to $9 million (0.7 points) during the first six months of 2012 .

Property and transportation This group reported an underwriting loss of $21 million for the first six months of 2013 compared to a $33 million underwriting gain for the first six months of 2012 , a decrease in underwriting profit of $54 million . This decline is due primarily to lower profitability in the transportation businesses and higher catastrophe losses from the impact of the spring storms in the southeastern United States. Catastrophe losses were $28 million (4.6 points on the combined ratio) for this group during the first six months of 2013 compared to $5 million (0.8 points) during the first six months of 2012 .

Specialty casualty Underwriting profit was $51 million for the first six months of 2013 compared to $37 million in the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $14 million ( 38% ), reflecting a lower current accident year loss ratio as well as increased favorable reserve development in the executive liability and excess liability businesses.

Specialty financial Underwriting profit was $28 million for the first six months of 2013 compared to $27 million in the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $1 million ( 4% ). Higher underwriting profits in the financial institutions business, primarily

67
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


from lender-placed mortgage property insurance, and higher favorable development in the trade credit operations were substantially offset by lower underwriting profits in the fidelity and crime operations.

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
AFG's overall loss and LAE ratio was 58.9% for the first six months of 2013 compared to 56.9% for the first six months of 2012 , an increase of 2.0 percentage points. The components of AFG's property and casualty losses and LAE amounts and ratio are detailed below:
Six months ended June 30,
Amount
Ratio
Change in
2013
2012
2013
2012
Ratio
Property and transportation
Current year, excluding catastrophe losses
$
403

$
358

67.9
%
64.7
%
3.2
%
Prior accident years development
(3
)
(12
)
(0.4
%)
(2.1
%)
1.7
%
Current year catastrophe losses
28

5

4.6
%
0.8
%
3.8
%
Property and transportation losses and LAE and ratio
$
428

$
351

72.1
%
63.4
%
8.7
%
Specialty casualty
Current year, excluding catastrophe losses
$
334

$
288

62.3
%
63.3
%
(1.0
%)
Prior accident years development
(38
)
(28
)
(7.1
%)
(6.2
%)
(0.9
%)
Current year catastrophe losses
—

1

0.1
%
0.2
%
(0.1
%)
Specialty casualty losses and LAE and ratio
$
296

$
261

55.3
%
57.3
%
(2.0
%)
Specialty financial
Current year, excluding catastrophe losses
$
84

$
80

36.7
%
39.2
%
(2.5
%)
Prior accident years development
(6
)
(11
)
(2.8
%)
(5.4
%)
2.6
%
Current year catastrophe losses
1

2

0.5
%
1.3
%
(0.8
%)
Specialty financial losses and LAE and ratio
$
79

$
71

34.4
%
35.1
%
(0.7
%)
Total Specialty
Current year, excluding catastrophe losses
$
844

$
744

60.4
%
59.9
%
0.5
%
Prior accident years development
(57
)
(53
)
(4.1
%)
(4.3
%)
0.2
%
Current year catastrophe losses
29

9

2.1
%
0.7
%
1.4
%
Total Specialty losses and LAE and ratio
$
816

$
700

58.4
%
56.3
%
2.1
%
Aggregate — including discontinued lines
Current year, excluding catastrophe losses
$
844

$
744

60.4
%
59.9
%
0.5
%
Prior accident years development
(50
)
(46
)
(3.6
%)
(3.7
%)
0.1
%
Current year catastrophe losses
29

9

2.1
%
0.7
%
1.4
%
Aggregate losses and LAE and ratio
$
823

$
707

58.9
%
56.9
%
2.0
%

Net favorable reserve development
AFG's property and casualty operations recorded net favorable loss reserve development related to prior accident years of $50 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to $46 million in the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $4 million ( 9% ).

Property and transportation Net favorable reserve development of $3 million in the first six months of 2013 reflects lower than expected claims handling expense in the crop business and a decrease in frequency of new claims being filed in a run-off book of homebuilders’ business, substantially offset by adverse development from increased severity in the commercial auto liability business written by the transportation businesses. Net favorable reserve development of $12 million in the first six months of 2012 reflects lower than expected loss frequency in crop products, partially offset by higher than expected claim severity in the property and inland marine business.


68
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Specialty casualty Net favorable reserve development of $38 million in the first six months of 2013 reflects lower than expected claim severity in directors and officers liability insurance and lower than expected claim severity and frequency in excess liability business. Net favorable reserve development of $28 million in the first six months of 2012 reflects lower than expected claim severity and frequency in homebuilders’ general liability products and lower than expected claim severity in directors and officers liability insurance substantially offset by higher claim frequency and severity in a run-off book of U.S.-based program (motel/hotel, restaurants, taverns and recreational) business.

Specialty financial Net favorable reserve development of $6 million in the first six months of 2013 and $11 million in the first six months of 2012 is due to lower than expected frequency and severity in the foreign credit and financial institution services businesses as economic conditions did not affect these lines as adversely as had been anticipated. Net favorable reserve development in the first six months of 2012 also reflects lower than expected claim severity in AFG’s fidelity and crime products.

Other specialty In addition to the development discussed above, total specialty net favorable reserve development reflects amortization of the deferred gain on the retroactive insurance transaction entered into in connection with the sale of a business in 1998 and reserve development associated with AFG’s internal reinsurance program.

Aggregate Aggregate results for AFG’s property and casualty segment also include $5 million in the first six months of 2013 and $7 million in the first six months of 2012 of adverse development related to asbestos and environmental reserves.

Catastrophe losses
AFG generally seeks to reduce its exposure to catastrophes through individual risk selection, including minimizing coastal and known fault-line exposures, and the purchase of reinsurance. The $28 million in catastrophe losses in the property and transportation group in the first six months of 2013 resulted primarily from spring storms in the southeastern United States.

Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses
AFG's property and casualty commissions and other underwriting expenses ("U/W Exp") were $511 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to $443 million for the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $68 million ( 15% ). AFG's underwriting expense ratio was 36.6% for the first six months of 2013 compared to 35.6% for the first six months of 2012 , an increase of 1.0 percentage points. Detail of AFG's property and casualty commissions and other underwriting expenses and underwriting expense ratios is shown below (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Change in
U/W Exp
% of NEP
U/W Exp
% of NEP
% of NEP
Property and transportation
$
187

31.4
%
$
169

30.6
%
0.8
%
Specialty casualty
189

35.2
%
158

34.5
%
0.7
%
Specialty financial
122

53.2
%
103

51.5
%
1.7
%
Other specialty
13

38.2
%
13

37.4
%
0.8
%
$
511

36.6
%
$
443

35.6
%
1.0
%

The overall increase of 1.0% in AFG's expense ratio for the first six months of 2013 as compared to the first six months of 2012 , as well as the fluctuations in AFG's sub-components, reflect changes in the mix of AFG's business and the impact of certain reinsurance ceding commissions received that are partially based on the profitability of the business ceded, partially offset by the impact of higher premiums on the ratio.

Property and transportation Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums increased 0.8 percentage points for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012 reflecting higher profitability-based commissions paid to agents/brokers and lower profitability-based commissions received from reinsurers, partially offset by the impact of higher premium volume on this ratio.

Specialty casualty Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums increased 0.7 percentage points for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012 reflecting higher profitability-based commissions related to international business, partially offset by the impact of higher premiums on the ratio.


69
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Specialty financial Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums increased 1.7 percentage points for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012 reflecting higher profitability-based commissions and lower ceding commissions from reinsurers, partially offset by the impact of higher premiums on the ratio.

Property and Casualty Investment Income
Net investment income in AFG's property and casualty operations was $131 million for the first six months of 2013 compared to $139 million in the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of $8 million ( 6% ). In recent years, yields available in the financial markets on fixed maturity securities have generally declined, placing downward pressure on AFG's investment portfolio yield. The average invested assets and overall earned yield on investments held by AFG's property and casualty operations are provided below (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Change
% Change
Net investment income
$
131

$
139

$
(8
)
(6
%)
Average invested assets (at amortized cost)
$
6,901

$
6,613

$
288

4
%
Yield (net investment income as a % of average invested assets)
3.80
%
4.20
%
(0.40
%)

The property and casualty segment’s overall yield on investments (net investment income as a percentage of average invested assets) was 3.80% for the first six months of 2013 compared to 4.20% for the first six months of 2012 , a decline of 0.40 percentage points. In addition to the impact of lower yields available in the financial markets, the $288 million increase in average invested assets reflects primarily higher average cash and cash equivalent balances.

Property and Casualty Other Income and Expense, Net
Other income and expenses, net for AFG's property and casualty operations was a net expense of $15 million for the first six months of 2013 compared to $24 million for the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of $9 million ( 38% ). The table below details the items included in other income and expenses, net for AFG's property and casualty operations (in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Other income
Warranty operations
$
—

$
8

Income from the sale of real estate
4

—

Other
5

3

Total other income
9

11

Other expenses
Warranty operations
—

9

Amortization of intangibles
7

7

Other
15

16

Total other expense
22

32

Interest expense
2

3

Other income and expenses, net
$
(15
)
$
(24
)

Beginning in 2013, AFG’s warranty operations are included in the Specialty financial underwriting results.

Interest expense for AFG's property and casualty operations includes interest charges on long-term debt within the property and casualty operations, primarily notes secured by real estate and other secured borrowings.


70
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Annuity Segment — Results of Operations
AFG's annuity operations contributed $153 million in GAAP pretax earnings in the first six months of 2013 compared to $119 million in the first six months of 2012, an increase of $34 million (29%). AFG’s annuity core operations contributed $158 million in pretax earnings in the first six months of 2013 compared to $119 million in the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $39 million ( 33% ). The increase in both GAAP and core pretax earnings was a result of the favorable impact that rising interest rates and strong stock market performance had on AFG’s fixed-indexed annuity business, growth in AFG’s annuity business and exceptionally strong investment results, partially offset by the run-off of higher yielding investments.

The following table details AFG's GAAP and core earnings before income taxes from its annuity operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in millions).
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Revenues:
Net investment income
$
505

$
473

7
%
Other income:
Guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees
11

5

120
%
Policy charges and other miscellaneous income
18

20

(10
%)
Total revenues
534

498

7
%
Core Costs and Expenses:
Annuity benefits (a)
254

277

(8
%)
Acquisition expenses
79

60

32
%
Other expenses (b)
43

42

2
%
Total costs and expenses
376

379

(1
%)
Core earnings before income taxes
158

119

33
%
Pre-tax non-core ELNY guaranty fund assessments
(5
)
—

—
%
GAAP earnings before income taxes
$
153

$
119

29
%

(a) Annuity benefits consisted of the following (in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Interest credited — fixed
$
220

$
222

(1
%)
Interest credited — fixed component of variable annuities
3

3

—
%
Change in expected death and annuitization reserve
10

9

11
%
Amortization of sales inducements
15

15

—
%
Change in guaranteed withdrawal benefit reserve
18

5

260
%
Change in other benefit reserves
4

2

100
%
Derivatives related to fixed-indexed annuities:
Embedded derivative mark-to-market
77

57

35
%
Equity option mark-to-market
(93
)
(36
)
158
%
Total annuity benefits
$
254

$
277

(8
%)

(b) Other expenses exclude the non-core ELNY guaranty fund assessments.


71
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Net Spread on Fixed Annuities (excludes variable annuity earnings)
The table below (dollars in millions) details the components of these spreads for AFG's fixed annuity operations (including fixed-indexed annuities):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Average fixed annuity investments (at amortized cost)
$
18,280

$
16,060

14
%
Average fixed annuity benefits accumulated
17,829

15,841

13
%
As % of fixed annuity benefits accumulated (except as noted):
Net investment income (as % of fixed annuity investments)
5.46
%
5.83
%
Interest credited — fixed
(2.46
%)
(2.81
%)
Net interest spread
3.00
%
3.02
%
Policy charges and other miscellaneous income
0.14
%
0.18
%
Other annuity benefit expenses, net of guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees
(0.41
%)
(0.34
%)
Acquisition expenses
(0.85
%)
(0.71
%)
Other expenses (*)
(0.44
%)
(0.49
%)
Change in fair value of derivatives related to fixed-indexed annuities
0.17
%
(0.24
%)
Net spread earned on fixed annuities
1.61
%
1.42
%

(*) Excludes the $5 million second quarter 2013 non-core charge for the ELNY guaranty fund assessments. Including this charge, the net spread earned on fixed annuities was 1.55% for the six months ended June 30, 2013.

Annuity Net Investment Income
Net investment income for the first six months of 2013 was $505 million compared to $473 million for the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $32 million ( 7% ). This increase reflects primarily the growth in AFG’s annuity business. The overall yield earned on investments in AFG's annuity operations, calculated as net investment income divided by average investment balances (at amortized cost), declined by 0.37 percentage points for the first six months of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 . This decline in net investment yield reflects (i) the investment of new premium dollars in the recent low interest rate environment and (ii) the impact of the maturity and redemption of higher yielding investments. These items were partially offset by exceptionally strong investment results in the first six months of 2013 and a reduction in a portion of the investment portfolio held in cash and cash equivalents during the first six months of 2013 as compared to the 2012 period.

Annuity Interest Credited — Fixed
Interest credited — fixed for the first six months of 2013 was $220 million compared to $222 million for the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of $2 million ( 1% ). The impact of growth in the annuity business was more than offset by lower interest crediting rates on new premiums as compared to the crediting rates on policyholder funds surrendered or withdrawn as well as the impact of crediting rate reductions on existing policyholder funds that were implemented in the second half of 2012. The average interest rate credited to policyholders, calculated as interest credited divided by average fixed annuity benefits accumulated, decreased 0.35 percentage points in the first six months of 2013 compared to 2012 . During the first six months of 2013 , interest rates credited on new premiums generally ranged from 1.00% to 2.00%.

Annuity Net Interest Spread
AFG's net interest spread decreased 0.02 percentage points in the first six months of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 primarily due to the run-off of higher yielding investments, partially offset by lower crediting rates and exceptionally strong investment results in 2013.

Annuity Policy Charges and Other Miscellaneous Income
Annuity policy charges and other miscellaneous income for the first six months of 2013 were $18 million compared to $20 million for the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of $2 million ( 10% ). Policy charges and other miscellaneous income for AFG's annuity operations, which consist primarily of surrender charges, as a percentage of average fixed annuity benefits accumulated declined 0.04 percentage points primarily reflecting lower surrender charge rates.


72
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Other Annuity Benefits
Other annuity benefits, net of guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees for the first six months of 2013 were $36 million compared to $26 million for the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $10 million ( 38% ). In addition to interest credited to policyholders’ accounts, annuity benefits expense also includes the following expenses (in millions, net of guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Change in expected death and annuitization reserve
$
10

$
9

Amortization of sales inducements
15

15

Change in guaranteed withdrawal benefit reserve
18

5

Change in other benefit reserves
4

2

Other annuity benefits
47

31

Offset guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees
(11
)
(5
)
Other annuity benefits, net
$
36

$
26


The $10 million increase in other annuity benefits, net of guaranteed withdrawal benefit fees for the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012 reflects primarily increased sales of products with guaranteed withdrawal benefit features.

Annuity Acquisition Expenses
AFG's amortization of DPAC and commission expenses as a percentage of average fixed annuity benefits accumulated was 0.85% for the first six months of 2013 compared to 0.71% for the first six months of 2012 and has generally ranged between 0.70% and 0.80% . Variances in these percentages generally relate to changes in the mix of business and actual experience as compared to certain actuarial assumptions. For example, the favorable impact of the increase in market interest rates during 2013 on the fair value of derivatives related to fixed-indexed annuities (discussed below) resulted in a partially offsetting acceleration in the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs.

Annuity Other Expenses
Annuity other expenses for the first six months of 2013 were $43 million excluding the non-core ELNY guaranty fund assessments charge, compared to $42 million for the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $1 million ( 2% ). Annuity other expenses represent primarily general and administrative expenses, as well as selling and issuance expenses that are not deferred. As a percentage of average fixed annuity benefits accumulated, these expenses declined 0.05 percentage points for the first six months of 2013 as compared to the first six months of 2012 .

Change in Fair Value of Derivatives Related to Fixed-Indexed Annuities
AFG’s fixed-indexed annuities, which represented approximately 40% of annuity benefits accumulated at June 30, 2013 , provide policyholders with a crediting rate tied, in part, to the performance of an existing stock market index. AFG attempts to mitigate the risk in the index-based component of these products through the purchase of call options on the appropriate index. AFG’s strategy is designed so that an increase in the liabilities, due to an increase in the market index, will be generally offset by unrealized and realized gains on the call options purchased by AFG. Both the index-based component of the annuities and the related call options are considered derivatives that must be marked-to-market through earnings each period. The fair values of these derivatives are impacted by actual and expected stock market performance and interest rates as well as other factors. For a list of other factors impacting the fair value of the index-based component of AFG’s annuity benefits accumulated, see Note D — “ Fair Value Measurements .” The net change in fair value of derivatives related to fixed-indexed annuities reduced annuity benefits by $16 million in the first six months of 2013 as the impact of strong stock market performance on the embedded derivative was more than offset by the positive impact of higher market interest rates. Conversely, the net change in fair value of the derivatives related to fixed-indexed annuities increased annuity benefits expense by $21 million in the first six months of 2012 as the impact of the decline in the stock market on the embedded derivative was more than offset by the negative impact of lower market interest rates.



73
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Annuity Benefits Accumulated
Annuity premiums received and benefit payments are recorded as increases or decreases in annuity benefits accumulated rather than as revenue and expense. Increases in this liability for interest credited and other benefits are charged to expense and decreases for surrender and other policy charges are credited to other income.

For certain products, annuity benefits accumulated also includes reserves for accrued persistency and premium bonuses (sales inducements), excess benefits expected to be paid on future deaths and annuitizations (“EDAR”) and guaranteed withdrawal benefits. Annuity benefits accumulated also includes amounts advanced from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati. The following table is a progression of AFG's annuity benefits accumulated liability for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Beginning fixed annuity reserves
$
17,274

$
15,188

Fixed annuity premiums (receipts)
1,457

1,676

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
200

—

Surrenders, benefits and other withdrawals
(704
)
(652
)
Interest and other annuity benefit expenses:
Interest credited
220

222

Embedded derivative mark-to-market
77

57

Change in other benefit reserves
40

27

Ending fixed annuity reserves
$
18,564

$
16,518

Reconciliation to annuity benefits accumulated per balance sheet:
Ending fixed annuity reserves (from above)
$
18,564

$
16,518

Impact of unrealized investment gains
87

38

Fixed component of variable annuities
197

202

Annuity benefits accumulated per balance sheet
$
18,848

$
16,758


Statutory Annuity Premiums
AFG's annuity operations generated statutory premiums of $1.49 billion in the first six months of 2013 compared to $1.71 billion in the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of $223 million ( 13% ). The following table summarizes AFG's annuity sales (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Retail single premium annuities — indexed
$
805

$
940

(14
%)
Retail single premium annuities — fixed
64

76

(16
%)
Financial institutions single premium annuities — indexed
252

160

58
%
Financial institutions single premium annuities — fixed
229

374

(39
%)
Education market — 403(b) fixed and indexed annuities
107

126

(15
%)
Total fixed annuity premiums
1,457

1,676

(13
%)
Variable annuities
28

32

(13
%)
Total annuity premiums
$
1,485

$
1,708

(13
%)

The net decrease in annuity premiums in the first six months of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 was consistent with expectations and reflects actions taken by AFG in response to the significant drop in interest rates that began in the second quarter of 2012. These actions included reductions in interest rates credited to policyholders and in commissions paid to agents. In addition, AFG believes its sales have been impacted by aggressive participants and new entrants in certain of its markets.


74
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Annuity Earnings before Income Taxes Reconciliation
The following table reconciles the GAAP and core net spread earned on AFG’s fixed annuities to overall annuity pretax earnings for the six months ended 2013 and 2012 (in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Earnings on fixed annuity benefits accumulated (a)
$
144

$
113

Earnings on investments in excess of fixed annuity benefits accumulated (b)
12

6

Variable annuity earnings
2

—

Core earnings before income taxes
158

119

Pretax non-core ELNY guaranty fund assessments
(5
)
—

GAAP earnings before income taxes
$
153

$
119


(a) Excludes the pretax non-core ELNY guarantee fund assessments of $5 million recorded in the second quarter of 2013 .
(b) Net investment income (as a % of investments) of 5.46% and 5.83% for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively, multiplied by the difference between average fixed annuity investments (at amortized cost) and average fixed annuity benefits accumulated in each period.

Run-off Long-Term Care and Life Segment — Results of Operations The following table details AFG's earnings before income taxes from its run-off long-term care and life operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Revenues:
Net earned premiums:
Long-term care
$
39

$
40

(3
%)
Life operations
19

21

(10
%)
Net investment income
37

35

6
%
Other income
2

—

—
%
Total revenues
97

96

1
%
Costs and Expenses:
Life, accident and health benefits:
Long-term care
55

42

31
%
Life operations
23

29

(21
%)
Acquisition expenses
9

10

(10
%)
Other expenses
13

9

44
%
Total costs and expenses
100

90

11
%
Earnings (loss) before income taxes
$
(3
)
$
6


The increase in long-term care benefits expense in the first six months of 2013 as compared to the 2012 period is due primarily to an increase in new claims. Due to the nature and size of its long-term care business, AFG expects claims volatility from period to period. Management continues to monitor the long-term care business. The decrease in life benefits expense in the first six months of 2013 as compared to the 2012 period is due primarily to improved claims experience.


75
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Medicare Supplement and Critical Illness Segment — Results of Operations AFG's Medicare supplement and critical illness segment, which was sold in August 2012, contributed pretax earnings of $18 million in the first six months of 2012 . See Note B — “ Sale of Subsidiaries .” The following table details AFG's earnings before income taxes from its Medicare supplement and critical illness business (in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Revenues:
Net earned premiums
$
—

$
149

Net investment income
—

5

Other income
—

5

Total revenues
—

159

Costs and Expenses:
Life, accident and health benefits
—

101

Acquisition expenses
—

22

Other expenses
—

18

Total costs and expenses
—

141

Earnings before income taxes
$
—

$
18



Holding Company, Other and Unallocated — Results of Operations AFG's net pretax loss outside of its insurance operations (excluding realized gains) totaled $83 million for the first six months of 2013 compared to $82 million for the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $1 million ( 1% ).

The following table details AFG's loss before income taxes from operations outside of its insurance operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
Revenues:
Net investment income
$
3

$
4

(25
%)
Other income
15

9

67
%
Total revenues
18

13

38
%
Costs and Expenses:
Interest charges on borrowed money
34

35

(3
%)
Other expenses
67

60

12
%
Total costs and expenses
101

95

6
%
Loss before income taxes, excluding realized gains
$
(83
)
$
(82
)
1
%

Holding Company and Other — Investment Income
AFG recorded investment income on investments held outside of its insurance operations of $3 million in the first six months of 2013 and $4 million in the first six months of 2012 .

Holding Company and Other — Other Income
Other income in the table above includes $8 million in both the first six months of 2013 and 2012 of management fees paid to AFG by the AFG-managed CLOs (AFG's consolidated managed investment entities). These fees are eliminated in consolidation — see the other income line in the Consolidate MIEs column under Results of Operations — Segmented Statement of Earnings . Excluding amounts eliminated in consolidation, AFG recorded other income outside of its insurance operations of $7 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to $1 million in the first six months of 2012 . Results for the first six months of 2012 include a charge of $4 million to write-down a fixed asset that is being sold.


76
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


Holding Company and Other — Interest Charges on Borrowed Money
AFG's holding companies and other operations outside of its insurance operations recorded interest expense of $34 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to $35 million in the first six months of 2012 , a decrease of $1 million (3%). In 2012, AFG issued new Senior Notes and used the proceeds to redeem higher rate debt.

Holding Company and Other — Other Expenses
AFG's holding companies and other operations outside of its insurance operations recorded other expenses of $67 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to $60 million in the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $7 million ( 12% ). The $7 million increase reflects the impact of higher holding company expenses, primarily related to certain share-based incentive plans.

Consolidated Realized Gains (Losses) on Securities AFG's consolidated realized gains on securities, which are not allocated to segments, were $98 million in the first six months of 2013 compared to $60 million in the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $38 million ( 63% ). Realized gains (losses) on securities consisted of the following (in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
Realized gains (losses) before impairments:
Disposals
$
99

$
73

Change in the fair value of derivatives
1

—

Adjustments to annuity deferred policy acquisition costs and related items
(1
)
(2
)
99

71

Impairment charges:
Securities
(1
)
(14
)
Adjustments to annuity deferred policy acquisition costs and related items
—

3

(1
)
(11
)
$
98

$
60

Realized gains on disposals include gains on sales of shares of Verisk Analytics, Inc. of $37 million in the first six months of 2013 and $46 million in the first six months of 2012 .

The change in fair value of derivatives includes net losses of $1 million in the first six months of 2013 and net gains of $3 million in the first six months of 2012 from the mark-to-market of MBS, primarily interest-only securities with interest rates that float inversely with short-term rates. See Note F — “ Derivatives .”

Consolidated Income Taxes AFG's consolidated provision for income taxes was $111 million for the first six months of 2013 compared to $110 million in the first six months of 2012 , an increase of $1 million ( 1% ). See Note L — “ Income Taxes ” to the financial statements for an analysis of items affecting AFG’s effective tax rate.

Consolidated Noncontrolling Interests AFG's consolidated net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests was $40 million for both the first six months of 2013 and 2012 . The following table details net earnings (loss) in consolidated subsidiaries attributable to holders other than AFG (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30,
2013
2012
% Change
National Interstate
$
1

$
8

(88
%)
Marketform
—

(2
)
(100
%)
Managed Investment Entities
(42
)
(46
)
(9
%)
Other
1

—

—
%
$
(40
)
$
(40
)
—
%

During the third quarter of 2012, AFG acquired the remaining 28% of Marketform that it did not already own. As discussed in Notes A — “ Accounting Policies ,” and H — “ Managed Investment Entities ” to the financial statements, the losses of Managed Investment Entities represent CLO losses that ultimately inure to holders of the CLO debt.


77
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued


NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
See Note A — “ Accounting Policies — Accounting Standards Adopted in 2013 ” for a discussion of new accounting standards adopted by AFG in 2013 .

_____________________________________________________



ITEM 3
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure of Market Risk
As of June 30, 2013 , there were no material changes to the information provided in Item 7A — “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” of AFG’s 2012 Form 10-K.
ITEM 4
Controls and Procedures
AFG’s management, with participation of its Co-Chief Executive Officers and its Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated AFG’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, AFG’s Co-CEOs and CFO concluded that the controls and procedures are effective. There have been no changes in AFG’s internal control over financial reporting during the second fiscal quarter of 2013 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, AFG’s internal control over financial reporting.

In the ordinary course of business, AFG and its subsidiaries routinely enhance their information systems by either upgrading current systems or implementing new systems such as the new income tax accounting software system implemented in the second quarter of 2013. There has been no change in AFG’s business processes and procedures during the second fiscal quarter of 2013 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, AFG’s internal control over financial reporting.


PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 2
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities AFG repurchased shares of its Common Stock during the first six months of 2013 as follows:
Total
Number
of Shares
Purchased
Average
Price Paid
Per Share
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
Maximum Number
of Shares
that May
Yet be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs (a)
First Quarter
61,586

$
43.71

61,586

7,501,271

April
78,495

$
46.87

78,495

7,422,776

May
474,296

$
48.74

474,296

6,948,480

June
833,779

$
48.30

833,779

6,114,701

(a)
Represents the remaining shares that may be repurchased under the Plans authorized by AFG’s Board of Directors in August 2012 and February 2013. AFG’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of five million additional shares in February 2013.

78
AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

ITEM 6
Exhibits
Number
Exhibit Description
12
Computation of ratios of earnings to fixed charges.
31(a)
Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31(b)
Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31(c)
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32
Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101
The following financial information from American Financial Group’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language):
(i) Consolidated Balance Sheet
(ii) Consolidated Statement of Earnings
(iii) Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
(iv) Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
(v) Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
(vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements



Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, American Financial Group, Inc. has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned duly authorized.
American Financial Group, Inc.
August 8, 2013
BY:
/s/ Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino
Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer

79
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