ASPS 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2018

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

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10-Q 1 asps-9302018x10q.htm 10-Q Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



þ	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 1-34354

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)



Luxembourg	98-0554932
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

40, avenue Monterey

L-2163 Luxembourg

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(352) 24 69 79 00

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer þ
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company o
	Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided by Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ

As of October 19, 2018 , there were 16,990,838 outstanding shares of the registrant’s shares of beneficial interest (excluding 8,421,910 shares held as treasury stock).

Table of Contents

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

FORM 10-Q



			Page
PART I — Financial Information

	Item 1	Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

	Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31

	Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	49

	Item 4	Controls and Procedures	50

PART II — Other Information

	Item 1	Legal Proceedings	51

	Item 1A	Risk Factors	51

	Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	52

	Item 6	Exhibits	53

SIGNATURES			54

Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share data)



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017

ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	102,860		$	105,006
Investment in equity securities	44,967			49,153
Accounts receivable, net	46,929			52,740
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	81,622			64,742
Total current assets	276,378			271,641

Premises and equipment, net	52,026			73,273
Goodwill	84,027			86,283
Intangible assets, net	98,754			120,065
Deferred tax assets, net	304,383			303,707
Other assets	13,697			10,195

Total assets	$	829,265		$	865,164

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	96,407		$	84,400
Current portion of long-term debt	34,440			5,945
Deferred revenue	12,955			9,802
Other current liabilities	7,912			9,414
Total current liabilities	151,714			109,561

Long-term debt, less current portion	346,544			403,336
Other non-current liabilities	7,866			12,282

Commitments, contingencies and regulatory matters (Note 21)

Equity:
Common stock ($1.00 par value; 100,000 shares authorized, 25,413 issued and 17,048 outstanding as of September 30, 2018; 100,000 shares authorized, 25,413 shares issued and 17,418 outstanding as of December 31, 2017)	25,413			25,413
Additional paid-in capital	118,625			112,475
Retained earnings	603,343			626,600
Accumulated other comprehensive income	—			733
Treasury stock, at cost (8,365 shares as of September 30, 2018 and 7,995 shares as of December 31, 2017)	(425,767		)	(426,609		)
Altisource equity	321,614			338,612

Non-controlling interests	1,527			1,373
Total equity	323,141			339,985

Total liabilities and equity	$	829,265		$	865,164

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements .

Table of Contents

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands, except per share data)



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017

Revenue	$	204,575		$	234,979		$	620,569		$	726,147
Cost of revenue	147,580			174,898			457,980			538,244

Gross profit	56,995			60,081			162,589			187,903
Operating expenses (income):
Selling, general and administrative expenses	46,329			46,622			132,377			146,793
Gain on sale of business (Note 3)	(13,688		)	—			(13,688		)	—
Restructuring charges (Note 20)	3,436			—			3,436			—

Income from operations	20,918			13,459			40,464			41,110
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense	(6,725		)	(5,599		)	(19,615		)	(16,862		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in equity securities (Note 4)	1,782			—			(4,186		)	—
Other income (expense), net	154			2,497			(2,435		)	8,015
Total other income (expense), net	(4,789		)	(3,102		)	(26,236		)	(8,847		)

Income before income taxes and non-controlling interests	16,129			10,357			14,228			32,263
Income tax provision	(6,608		)	(2,591		)	(6,059		)	(7,615		)

Net income	9,521			7,766			8,169			24,648
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	(854		)	(805		)	(2,066		)	(2,107		)

Net income attributable to Altisource	$	8,667		$	6,961		$	6,103		$	22,541

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.51		$	0.39		$	0.36		$	1.23
Diluted	$	0.49		$	0.38		$	0.35		$	1.20

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	17,033			18,023			17,184			18,337
Diluted	17,575			18,429			17,669			18,854

Comprehensive income:
Net income	$	9,521		$	7,766		$	8,169		$	24,648
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Reclassification of unrealized gain on investment in equity securities, net of income tax provision of $200, to retained earnings from the cumulative effect of an accounting change (Note 1)	—			—			(733		)	—
Unrealized (loss) gain on investment in equity securities, net of income tax benefit (provision) of $0, $2,054, $0, $(78)	—			(5,530		)	—			212

Comprehensive income, net of tax	9,521			2,236			7,436			24,860
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests	(854		)	(805		)	(2,066		)	(2,107		)

Comprehensive income attributable to Altisource	$	8,667		$	1,431		$	5,370		$	22,753

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements .

Table of Contents

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(in thousands)



	Altisource Equity
	Common stock			Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Treasury stock, at cost			Non-controlling interests			Total
	Shares

Balance, December 31, 2016	25,413	$	25,413	$	107,288	$	333,786		$	(1,745	)	$	(403,953	)	$	1,405		$	62,194

Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		—		22,541			—			—			2,107			24,648
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—			212			—			—			212
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders	—	—		—		—			—			—			(2,143		)	(2,143		)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		3,237		—			—			—			—			3,237
Cumulative effect of an accounting change (Note 14)	—	—		932		(932		)	—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted shares	—	—		—		(11,787		)	—			13,871			—			2,084
Treasury shares withheld for the payment of tax on restricted share issuances	—	—		—		(1,497		)	—			409			—			(1,088		)
Repurchase of shares	—	—		—		—			—			(24,995		)	—			(24,995		)

Balance, September 30, 2017	25,413	$	25,413	$	111,457	$	342,111		$	(1,533	)	$	(414,668	)	$	1,369		$	64,149

Balance, December 31, 2017	25,413	$	25,413	$	112,475	$	626,600		$	733		$	(426,609	)	$	1,373		$	339,985

Net income	—	—		—		6,103			—			—			2,066			8,169
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders	—	—		—		—			—			—			(1,912		)	(1,912		)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		6,150		—			—			—			—			6,150
Cumulative effect of accounting changes (Note 1)	—	—		—		(9,715		)	(733		)	—			—			(10,448		)
Exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted shares	—	—		—		(18,524		)	—			22,100			—			3,576
Treasury shares withheld for the payment of tax on restricted share issuances and stock option exercises	—	—		—		(1,121		)	—			513			—			(608		)
Repurchase of shares	—	—		—		—			—			(21,771		)	—			(21,771		)

Balance, September 30, 2018	25,413	$	25,413	$	118,625	$	603,343		$	—		$	(425,767	)	$	1,527		$	323,141

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements .

Table of Contents

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands )



	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	8,169		$	24,648
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	24,743			27,411
Amortization of intangible assets	21,311			27,143
Change in the fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration	—			24
Unrealized loss on investment in equity securities	4,186			—
Share-based compensation expense	6,150			3,237
Bad debt expense	2,408			3,101
Gain on early extinguishment of debt	—			(5,419		)
Amortization of debt discount	513			225
Amortization of debt issuance costs	739			625
Deferred income taxes	(676		)	—
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	723			2,776
Gain on sale of business (Note 3)	(13,688		)	—
Loss on debt refinancing (Note 11)	4,434			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	4,515			21,543
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(16,880		)	(17,272		)
Other assets	554			760
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	10,774			165
Other current and non-current liabilities	(14,325		)	(41,838		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	43,650			47,129

Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to premises and equipment	(4,207		)	(7,485		)
Proceeds from the sale of business (Note 3)	15,000			—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	10,793			(7,485		)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	407,880			—
Repayments and repurchases of long-term debt	(436,821		)	(48,600		)
Debt issuance costs	(5,042		)	—
Proceeds from stock option exercises	3,576			2,084
Purchase of treasury shares	(21,771		)	(24,995		)
Distributions to non-controlling interests	(1,912		)	(2,143		)
Payment of tax withholding on issuance of restricted shares and stock option exercises	(608		)	(1,088		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(54,698		)	(74,742		)

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(255		)	(35,098		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period	108,843			153,421

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period	$	108,588		$	118,323

Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	17,889		$	16,203
Income taxes paid, net	4,162			15,445

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Increase in payables for purchases of premises and equipment	$	12		$	52

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Description of Business

Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., together with its subsidiaries (which may be referred to as “Altisource,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”), is an integrated service provider and marketplace for the real estate and mortgage industries. Combining operational excellence with a suite of innovative services and technologies, Altisource helps solve the demands of the ever-changing markets we serve.

We are publicly traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “ASPS.” We are organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Basis of Accounting and Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the interim data includes all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary to fairly state the results for the interim periods presented. The preparation of interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Altisource consolidates Best Partners Mortgage Cooperative, Inc., which is managed by The Mortgage Partnership of America, L.L.C. (“MPA”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Altisource. Best Partners Mortgage Cooperative, Inc. is a mortgage cooperative doing business as Lenders One ^® (“Lenders One”). MPA provides services to Lenders One under a management agreement that ends on December 31, 2025 (with renewals for three successive five-year periods at MPA’s option).

The management agreement between MPA and Lenders One, pursuant to which MPA is the management company, represents a variable interest in a variable interest entity. MPA is the primary beneficiary of Lenders One as it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the cooperative’s economic performance and the right to receive benefits from the cooperative. As a result, Lenders One is presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements on a consolidated basis and the interests of the members are reflected as non-controlling interests. As of September 30, 2018 , Lenders One had total assets of $2.7 million and total liabilities of $0.9 million . As of December 31, 2017 , Lenders One had total assets of $4.6 million and total liabilities of $3.1 million .

These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as filed with the SEC on February 22, 2018 .

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value, which prioritizes the inputs used in the methodologies of measuring fair value for assets and liabilities, is as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of assets or liabilities

Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

Table of Content

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and during 2016, the FASB issued additional guidance providing clarifications and corrections, including: ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, and ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (collectively “Topic 606”) . Topic 606 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most prior revenue recognition guidance. This new standard requires that an entity recognize revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive and consistent with the delivery of the performance obligation described in the underlying contract with the customer.

The Company adopted Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018 using the cumulative effect method. As a result of this adoption, the Company recognized an $11.2 million increase in deferred revenue, a $1.1 million increase in unbilled accounts receivable, a $0.3 million increase in other current liabilities and a $10.4 million decrease in retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. Because the Company adopted Topic 606 retrospectively with a cumulative effect as of January 1, 2018, the comparative results as of December 31, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 have not been restated and continue to be reported under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605, Revenue Recognition and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 13, Revenue Recognition . The details of the significant changes and quantitative impact of the adoption of Topic 606 are described below. Also see Note 15 for additional information on revenue, including disaggregation of revenue and contract balances.

As a result of the adoption of Topic 606, the Company’s accounting policy for revenue recognition is as follows:

We recognize revenue from the services we provide in accordance with the 5-step process outlined in Topic 606. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of a product or service to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive. This revenue can be recognized at a point in time or over time. We invoice customers based on our contractual arrangements with each customer, which may not be consistent with the period that revenues are recognized. When there is a timing difference between when we invoice customers and when revenues are recognized, we record either a contract asset (unbilled accounts receivable) or a contract liability (deferred revenue or other current liabilities), as appropriate. A description of our principal revenue generating activities by reportable segment are as follows:

Mortgage Market


•	For the majority of the services we provide through the Mortgage Market segment, we recognize transactional revenue when the service is provided.

•

For loan servicing technologies, we recognize revenue based on the number of loans on the system, on a per-transaction basis or over the estimated average number of months the loans and real estate owned (“REO”) are on the platform, as applicable. We generally recognize revenue for professional services relating to loan servicing technologies over the contract period. For our loan origination system, we generally recognize revenue over the contract term, beginning on the commencement date of each contract. For foreclosure trustee services, we recognize revenue over the period during which we perform the related services, with full recognition upon completion and/or recording the related foreclosure deed. For loan disbursement processing services, we recognize revenue over the period during which we perform the processing services with full recognition upon completion of the disbursements. We use judgment to determine the period over which we recognize revenue for certain of these services. For mortgage charge-off collections performed on behalf of our clients, we recognize revenue as a percentage of amounts collected following collection from the borrowers.


•	For real estate brokerage and auction services, we recognize revenue on a net basis as we perform services as an agent without assuming the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset and the commission earned on the sale is a fixed percentage or amount.

•

Reimbursable expenses revenue, primarily related to our property preservation and inspection services, real estate sales and our foreclosure trustee services businesses, is included in revenue with an equal amount recognized in cost of revenue. These amounts are recognized on a gross basis, principally because generally we have control over selection of vendors and the vendor relationships are with us, rather than with our customers.

Table of Content

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

Real Estate Market


•	For the majority of the services we provide through the Real Estate Market segment, we recognize transactional revenue when the service is provided.

•

For our renovation services, revenue is recognized over the period of the construction activity, based on the estimated percentage of completion of each project. We use judgment to determine the period over which we recognize revenue for certain of these services. For real estate brokerage and auction services, we recognize revenue on a net basis as we perform services as an agent without assuming the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset and the commission earned on the sale is a fixed percentage or amount. For the buy-renovate-lease-sell business, we recognize revenue associated with our sales of short-term investments in real estate on a gross basis as we assume the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset.


•	Reimbursable expenses revenue, primarily related to our real estate sales business, is included in revenue with an equal offsetting expense recognized in cost of revenue. These amounts are recognized on a gross basis, principally because generally we have control over selection of vendors and the vendor relationships are with us, rather than with our customers.

Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations

•

For the majority of the services we provide through Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations, we recognize transactional revenue when the service is provided. We generally earn fees for our post-charge-off consumer debt collection services as a percentage of the amount we collect on delinquent consumer receivables and recognize revenue following collection from the borrowers. We provide customer relationship management services for which we typically earn and recognize revenue on a per-person, per-call or per-minute basis as the related services are performed.

•

For the information technology (“IT”) infrastructure services we provide to Ocwen Financial Corporation (“Ocwen”), Front Yard Residential Corporation (“RESI”) and Altisource Asset Management Corporation (“AAMC”), we recognize revenue primarily based on the number of users of the applicable systems, fixed fees and the number and type of licensed platforms. We recognize revenue associated with implementation services upon completion and maintenance services ratably over the related service period.

The following table summarizes the impact of adopting Topic 606 on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 :



	Impact of the adoption of Topic 606
(in thousands)	As reported		Adjustments			Balances without adoption of Topic 606

Accounts receivable, net	$	46,929	$	789		$	47,718
Total current assets	276,378		789			277,167
Total assets	829,265		789			830,054

Other current liabilities	7,912		(2,303		)	5,609
Deferred revenue	12,955		(4,048		)	8,907
Total current liabilities	151,714		(6,351		)	145,363

Other non-current liabilities	7,866		686			8,552

Retained earnings	603,343		6,454			609,797
Altisource equity	321,614		6,454			328,068
Total equity	323,141		6,454			329,595
Total liabilities and equity	829,265		789			830,054

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

The following table summarizes the impact of adopting Topic 606 on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 :



	Impact of the adoption of Topic 606
(in thousands)	As reported			Adjustments			Balances without adoption of Topic 606

Revenue	$	204,575		$	(3,966	)	$	200,609
Cost of revenue	147,580			392			147,972
Gross profit	56,995			(4,358		)	52,637
Income from operations	20,918			(4,358		)	16,560
Income before income taxes and non-controlling interests	16,129			(4,358		)	11,771
Income tax provision	(6,608		)	2,164			(4,444		)
Net income	9,521			(2,194		)	7,327
Net income attributable to Altisource	8,667			(2,194		)	6,473

The following table summarizes the impact of adopting Topic 606 on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 :



	Impact of the adoption of Topic 606
(in thousands)	As reported			Adjustments			Balances without adoption of Topic 606

Revenue	$	620,569		$	(4,757	)	$	615,812
Cost of revenue	457,980			1,851			459,831
Gross profit	162,589			(6,608		)	155,981
Income from operations	40,464			(6,608		)	33,856
Income before income taxes and non-controlling interests	14,228			(6,608		)	7,620
Income tax provision	(6,059		)	2,814			(3,245		)
Net income	8,169			(3,794		)	4,375
Net income attributable to Altisource	6,103			(3,794		)	2,309

The adoption of Topic 606 did not have any impact on net cash flows used in operating, financing or investing activities on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 .

Financial Instruments

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities . This standard requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The standard also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. When a qualitative assessment indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value. It also amends certain financial statement presentation and disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. This standard was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard resulted in a cumulative effect adjustment to increase retained earnings and decrease accumulated other comprehensive income by $0.7 million on January 1, 2018. Changes in the fair value of the Company’s investment in RESI subsequent to January 1, 2018, as well as any equity investments acquired in the future, will be reflected as a component of net income in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Other Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . This standard addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. This standard was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, and the adoption of this guidance did not have any effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. This standard requires that companies recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset (other than inventory) when the transfer occurs. Previous guidance prohibited companies from recognizing current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. This standard was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, and the adoption of this guidance did not have any effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash . This standard requires that companies include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in their cash and cash equivalent balances in the statement of cash flows. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This standard was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, and was adopted using the retrospective transition method, as required by the standard. The adoption of this standard resulted in the classification of the Company’s restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. As a result, the Company included $5.7 million , $3.8 million , $4.2 million and $4.1 million of restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents in its condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as of September 30, 2018 , December 31, 2017 , September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. This standard clarifies the definition of a business and provides a screen to determine if a set of inputs, processes and outputs is a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the assets acquired would not be a business. Under the new guidance, in order to be considered a business, an acquisition must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output. In addition, the standard narrows the definition of the term “output” so that it is consistent with how it is described in Topic 606 . This standard was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, and the adoption of this guidance did not have any effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets . This standard was issued to clarify the scope of Subtopic 610-20, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets , and to add guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. Subtopic 610-20 provides guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with noncustomers. This standard was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, and the adoption of this guidance did not have any effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, C ompensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting . This standard provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require the application of modification accounting. This standard requires companies to continue to apply modification accounting, unless the fair value, vesting conditions and classification of an award all do not change as a result of the modification. This standard was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, and the adoption of this guidance did not have any effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.

Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases and ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements (collectively “Topic 842”). Topic 842 introduces a new lessee model that brings substantially all leases on the balance sheet. This standard will require lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheets and disclose key information about leasing arrangements in their financial statements. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. Based on the Company’s preliminary analysis of arrangements where the Company is a lessee, we estimate that the new standard, if implemented as of September 30, 2018 , would have resulted in the addition of approximately $16.8 million right-of-use assets and lease liabilities onto the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company will continue to analyze the impact of this guidance and refine the estimated impact on its results of operations, financial position and financial disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This standard will simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Current guidance requires that companies compute the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2 by performing procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. This standard will require companies to perform annual or interim goodwill impairment tests by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period, and will be applied prospectively. Early adoption of this standard is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-12, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts . This standard requires at a minimum the annual review of the assumptions used for liability measurement with the impact of any change recorded in net income, standardizes the liability discount rate with the effect of rate changes recorded in other comprehensive income, requires the measurement of market risk benefits at fair value, simplifies the amortization of deferred acquisition costs and requires enhanced disclosures. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption of this standard is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement . This standard modifies certain disclosure requirements such as the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. This standard also requires new disclosures such as the disclosure of certain assumptions used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption of either the entire standard or only the provisions that eliminate or modify requirements is permitted. The Company currently does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have an impact on its results of operations and financial position.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) . This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in a hosting arrangement service contract with the existing guidance for capitalizing implementation costs incurred for an internal-use software license. This standard also requires capitalizing or expensing implementation costs based on the nature of the costs and the project stage during which they are incurred and establishes additional disclosure requirements. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption of this standard is permitted. The Company currently plans to adopt the standard prospectively and is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 — CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , Ocwen was our largest customer, accounting for 53% of our total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ( 56% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2018 ). Ocwen is a residential mortgage loan servicer of mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) it owns, including those MSRs in which others have an economic interest, and a subservicer of MSRs owned by others. Ocwen purchases certain mortgage services and technology services from us under the terms of services agreements and amendments thereto (collectively, the “Ocwen Services Agreements”) with terms extending through August 2025. Certain of the Ocwen Service Agreements contain a “most favored nation” provision and also grant the parties the right to renegotiate pricing, among other things. Certain of the Ocwen Service Agreements also prohibit Ocwen from establishing fee-based businesses that would directly or indirectly compete with Altisource’s services with respect to the Homeward Residential, Inc. and Residential Capital, LLC loan portfolios acquired by Ocwen in December 2012 and February 2013, respectively. Ocwen has previously purchased certain origination services from Altisource under an agreement that expires in January 2019, but which is subject to a 90 day termination right by Ocwen.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

Revenue from Ocwen primarily consists of revenue earned from the loan portfolios serviced by Ocwen when Ocwen designates us as the service provider and revenue earned directly from Ocwen. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , we recognized revenue from Ocwen of $325.8 million and $422.1 million , respectively ( $115.0 million and $136.4 million for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively). Revenue from Ocwen as a percentage of segment and consolidated revenue was as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017

Mortgage Market	65	%	68	%	62	%	68	%
Real Estate Market	1	%	1	%	1	%	1	%
Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations	9	%	7	%	9	%	11	%
Consolidated revenue	56	%	58	%	53	%	58	%

We earn additional revenue related to the loan portfolios serviced by Ocwen when a party other than Ocwen or the MSR owner selects Altisource as the service provider. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , we recognized revenue of $37.3 million and $118.0 million , respectively ( $11.1 million and $35.1 million for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively), related to the loan portfolios serviced by Ocwen when a party other than Ocwen or the MSR owner selected Altisource as the service provider. These amounts are not included in deriving revenue from Ocwen as a percentage of revenue in the table above.

As of September 30, 2018 , accounts receivable from Ocwen totaled $17.5 million , $13.9 million of which was billed and $3.6 million of which was unbilled. As of December 31, 2017 , accounts receivable from Ocwen totaled $18.9 million , $13.6 million of which was billed and $5.3 million of which was unbilled.

As of June 30, 2018 , New Residential Investment Corp. (individually, together with one or more of its subsidiaries or one or more of its subsidiaries individually, “NRZ”) owned Ocwen-serviced MSRs and rights to MSRs (the “Subject MSRs”) with underlying unpaid principal balances (“UPB”) of $94.7 billion . As of June 30, 2018 , Ocwen serviced and subserviced MSRs with underlying UPB of $167.1 billion . As previously disclosed, in July 2017, Ocwen and NRZ entered into agreements to convert NRZ’s economic rights to the Subject MSRs into fully-owned MSRs in exchange for payments from NRZ to Ocwen when such Subject MSRs were transferred. The transfers are subject to certain third party consents. Ocwen disclosed that under these agreements, Ocwen would subservice the transferred Subject MSRs for an initial term of five years, and the agreements provided for the conversion of the existing arrangements into a more traditional subservicing arrangement.

In January 2018, Ocwen disclosed that it and NRZ entered into new agreements to accelerate the implementation of certain parts of their July 2017 arrangement in order to achieve the intent of the July 2017 agreements sooner while Ocwen continues the process of obtaining the third party consents necessary to transfer the Subject MSRs to NRZ.

On August 28, 2017, Altisource, through its licensed subsidiaries, entered into a Cooperative Brokerage Agreement, as amended, and related letter agreement (collectively, the “Brokerage Agreement”) with NRZ which extends through August 2025. Under this agreement and related amendments, Altisource remains the exclusive provider of brokerage services for REO associated with the Subject MSRs when Ocwen transfers such MSRs to NRZ or when NRZ acquires both an additional economic interest in such Subject MSRs and the right to designate the broker for REO properties in such portfolios. The Brokerage Agreement provides that Altisource is the exclusive provider of brokerage services for REO associated with the Subject MSRs, irrespective of the sub-servicer. NRZ’s brokerage subsidiary receives a cooperative brokerage commission on the sale of certain REO properties from these portfolios subject to certain exceptions.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , we recognized revenue from NRZ of $24.1 million and $0.8 million , respectively, under the Brokerage Agreement associated with the Subject MSRs transferred from Ocwen to NRZ (the “Transferred MSRs”) ( $5.0 million and $0.8 million for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively). For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , we recognized additional revenue of $64.4 million and $1.0 million relating to the Transferred MSRs when a party other than NRZ selects Altisource as the service provider ( $21.6 million and $1.0 million for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively).

On August 28, 2017, Altisource and NRZ also entered into a non-binding Letter of Intent, as amended, to enter into a Services Agreement (the “Services LOI”), setting forth the terms pursuant to which Altisource would remain the exclusive service provider of fee-based services for the Subject MSRs through August 2025. The Services LOI was amended most recently to extend the term through November 15, 2018 .

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

The Brokerage Agreement can be terminated by Altisource if the Services Agreement is not signed by Altisource and NRZ during the term of the Services LOI, as extended. The Brokerage Agreement may otherwise only be terminated upon the occurrence of certain specified events. Termination events include, but are not limited to, a breach of the terms of the Brokerage Agreement (including, without limitation, the failure to meet performance standards and non-compliance with law in a material respect), the failure to maintain licenses which failure materially prevents performance of the contract, regulatory allegations of non-compliance resulting in an adversarial proceeding against NRZ, voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy, appointment of a receiver, disclosure in a Form 10-K or Form 10-Q that there is significant uncertainty about Altisource’s ability to continue as a going concern, failure to maintain a specified level of cash and an unapproved change of control.

We anticipate that revenue from NRZ will increase over time and revenue from Ocwen will decrease. Following the anticipated execution of the Services Agreement, we expect that NRZ will become our largest customer. Had all of the Subject MSRs been transferred to NRZ and the Brokerage Agreement and the Services Agreement with NRZ been in place as of January 1, 2018, we estimate that approximately 48% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 would have been related to NRZ. There can be no assurance that the parties will reach an agreement with respect to the terms of the Services Agreement or that a Services Agreement will be entered into on a timely basis or at all.

NOTE 3 — SALE OF BUSINESS

In August 2018, Altisource entered into an amendment to its agreements with RESI to sell Altisource’s rental property management business to RESI and permit RESI to internalize certain services that had been provided by Altisource. These services were historically provided under an agreement between RESI and Altisource, in which Altisource was the sole provider of rental property management services to RESI through December 2027. The proceeds from the transaction totaled $18.0 million , payable in two installments. The first installment of $15.0 million was received on the closing date of August 8, 2018. The second installment of $3.0 million will be received on the earlier of a RESI change of control or on August 8, 2023. The second installment was recorded as a long-term receivable with a discounted value of $2.2 million as of September 30, 2018 in Other Assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. In connection with the sale of the rental property management business, the Company recognized a pretax gain of $13.7 million in the third quarter of 2018 in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

NOTE 4 — INVESTMENT IN EQUITY SECURITIES

During 2016 , we purchased 4.1 million shares of RESI common stock for $48.2 million . This investment is reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at a fair value of $45.0 million as of September 30, 2018 and $49.2 million as of December 31, 2017 . During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we recognized an unrealized gain (loss) of $1.8 million and $(4.2) million , respectively, on our investment in RESI in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as a result of a change in the market value of RESI common shares. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , an unrealized gain (loss) on our investment in RESI of $(5.5) million and $0.2 million , respectively, net of income tax provision (benefit), was reflected in other comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (see Note 1 for additional information on the adoption of the new accounting standard on investments in equity securities). During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , we earned dividends of $1.9 million in each period related to this investment ( $0.6 million in both the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 ).

Pursuant to the agreement between Altisource and RESI to sell the rental property management business to RESI (see Note 3 for additional information), Altisource will be subject to a lock-up period with respect to the sale or transfer of the shares of common stock of RESI owned by Altisource (the “Shares”). During the period between the closing date of the sale and December 31, 2018, Altisource will be restricted from selling any of the Shares. Following the expiration of that period, in each of the four subsequent quarters, Altisource will be permitted to transfer no more than 25% of the Shares (approximately 1.0 million shares as of September 30, 2018), provided that any Shares not sold in the applicable quarter will increase the amount that may be sold in the subsequent quarters by 50% of the unsold permitted amount. Thereafter, all transfer restrictions will expire and any remaining Shares will be freely transferable. Notwithstanding these restrictions, Altisource retains the right to sell or transfer the Shares at any time: (i) where Altisource has a good faith belief that its or its affiliates’ liquidity should be increased and the sale is necessary to achieve such an increase; (ii) where the proceeds of sales will be used to finance a strategic acquisition transaction; (iii) in privately negotiated block transactions with unrelated third parties or a similar transaction; or (iv) where RESI is the subject of a tender offer that is reasonably likely to result in a change of control or where RESI undergoes a change of control.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

NOTE 5 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017

Billed	$	44,248		$	40,787
Unbilled	14,515			22,532
Subtotal	58,763			63,319
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts	(11,834		)	(10,579		)

Total	$	46,929		$	52,740

Unbilled accounts receivable consist primarily of certain real estate asset management and sales services for which we generally recognize revenue when the service is provided but collect upon closing of the sale, and foreclosure trustee services, for which we generally recognize revenues over the service delivery period but bill following completion of the service. We also include amounts in unbilled accounts receivable that are earned during a month and billed in the following month.

NOTE 6 — PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Short-term investments in real estate	$	51,688	$	29,405
Maintenance agreements, current portion	3,860		8,014
Income taxes receivable	8,354		9,227
Prepaid expenses	7,070		7,898
Other current assets	10,650		10,198

Total	$	81,622	$	64,742

NOTE 7 — PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Premises and equipment, net consists of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017

Computer hardware and software	$	181,489		$	179,567
Leasehold improvements	32,413			33,417
Furniture and fixtures	13,438			14,092
Office equipment and other	8,542			9,388
	235,882			236,464
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(183,856		)	(163,191		)

Total	$	52,026		$	73,273

Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $24.7 million and $27.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively ( $7.7 million and $8.5 million for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively), and is included in cost of revenue for operating assets and in selling, general and administrative expenses for non-operating assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

NOTE 8 — GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill

The following is a summary of goodwill by segment:



(in thousands)	Mortgage Market		Real Estate Market			Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations		Total

Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	73,259	$	10,056		$	2,968	$	86,283
Dispositions ⁽¹⁾	—		(2,256		)	—		(2,256		)

Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	73,259	$	7,800		$	2,968	$	84,027

______________________________________


⁽¹⁾	During the third quarter of 2018, goodwill of $2.3 million attributable to the rental property management business was included in the gain on sale of the rental property management business to RESI (see Note 3 ).

Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets, net consist of the following:



	Weighted average estimated useful life (in years)	Gross carrying amount				Accumulated amortization						Net book value
(in thousands)	Weighted average estimated useful life (in years)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Definite lived intangible assets:
Customer related intangible assets	10	$	273,172	$	277,828	$	(202,501	)	$	(188,258	)	$	70,671	$	89,570
Operating agreement	20	35,000		35,000		(14,896		)	(13,865		)	20,104		21,135
Trademarks and trade names	14	12,554		15,354		(6,611		)	(8,881		)	5,943		6,473
Non-compete agreements	4	1,230		1,560		(897		)	(897		)	333		663
Intellectual property	10	300		300		(132		)	(115		)	168		185
Other intangible assets	5	3,745		3,745		(2,210		)	(1,706		)	1,535		2,039

Total		$	326,001	$	333,787	$	(227,247	)	$	(213,722	)	$	98,754	$	120,065

Amortization expense for definite lived intangible assets was $21.3 million and $27.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively ( $6.6 million and $8.6 million for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively). Anticipated annual definite lived intangible asset amortization is $26.9 million in 2018 , $20.6 million in 2019 , $17.9 million in 2020 , $12.5 million in 2021 and $7.3 million in 2022 .

NOTE 9 — OTHER ASSETS

Other assets consist of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Security deposits	$	4,063	$	5,304
Restricted cash	5,728		3,837
Other	3,906		1,054

Total	$	13,697	$	10,195

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

NOTE 10 — ACCOUNTS PAYABLE, ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Accounts payable	$	30,065	$	15,682
Accrued expenses - general	31,208		27,268
Accrued salaries and benefits	33,153		41,363
Income taxes payable	1,981		87

Total	$	96,407	$	84,400

Other current liabilities consist of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Unfunded cash account balances	$	3,643	$	5,900
Other	4,269		3,514

Total	$	7,912	$	9,414

NOTE 11 —

LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consists of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017

Senior secured term loans	$	388,760		$	413,581
Less: Debt issuance costs, net	(4,080		)	(3,158		)
Less: Unamortized discount, net	(3,696		)	(1,142		)
Net long-term debt	380,984			409,281
Less: Current portion	(34,440		)	(5,945		)

Long-term debt, less current portion	$	346,544		$	403,336

On April 3, 2018 , Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Altisource S.à r.l. entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and certain lenders. Under the Credit Agreement, Altisource borrowed $412.0 million in the form of Term B Loans and obtained a $15.0 million revolving credit facility. The Term B Loans mature in April 2024 and the revolving credit facility matures in April 2023. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and certain subsidiaries are guarantors of the term loan and the revolving credit facility (collectively, the “Guarantors”).

Proceeds from the Term B Loans were used to repay the Company’s prior senior secured term loan, which had an outstanding balance of $412.1 million as of April 3, 2018 . In connection with the refinancing, we recognized a loss of $4.4 million from the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount in the second quarter of 2018. This loss was included in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

The Term B Loans must be repaid in consecutive quarterly principal installments with remaining amounts due as of September 30, 2018 of $1.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, $41.2 million in 2019, $25.7 million in 2020 and $12.4 million annually thereafter, with the balance due at maturity. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 , the Company used the proceeds received from the sale of the rental property management business to RESI (see Note 3 ) to repay $15.0 million of the Term B Loans. This repayment is applied to contractual amortization payments in the direct order of maturity. All amounts outstanding under the Term B Loans will become due on the earlier of (i) April 3, 2024, and (ii) the date on which the loans are declared to be due and owing by the administrative agent at the request (or with the consent) of the Required Lenders (as defined in the Credit Agreement; other capitalized terms, unless defined herein, are defined in the Credit Agreement) or as otherwise provided in the Credit Agreement upon the occurrence of any event of default.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

In addition to the scheduled principal payments, subject to certain exceptions, the Term B Loans are subject to mandatory prepayment upon issuances of debt, casualty and condemnation events and sales of assets, as well as from a percentage of Consolidated Excess Cash Flow if the leverage ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00 , as calculated in accordance with the provisions of the Credit Agreement (the percentage increases if the leverage ratio exceeds 3.50 to 1.00 ). Certain mandatory prepayments reduce future contractual amortization payments by an amount equal to the mandatory prepayment. No mandatory prepayments were owed for the three months ended September 30, 2018 .

Altisource may incur incremental indebtedness under the Credit Agreement from one or more incremental lenders, which may include existing lenders, in an aggregate incremental principal amount not to exceed $125.0 million , subject to certain conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, including a sublimit of $80.0 million with respect to incremental revolving credit commitments. The lenders have no obligation to provide any incremental indebtedness.

The Term B Loans bear interest at rates based upon, at our option, the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate or the Base Rate . Adjusted Eurodollar Rate term loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) the greater of (x) the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate for a three month interest period and (y) 1.00% plus (ii) 4.00% . Base Rate term loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) the greater of (x) the Base Rate and (y) 2.00% plus (ii) 3.00% . The interest rate at September 30, 2018 was 6.39% .

Loans under the revolving credit facility bear interest at rates based upon, at our option, the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate or the Base Rate . Adjusted Eurodollar Rate revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate for a three month interest period plus (ii) 4.00% . Base Rate revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) the Base Rate plus (ii) 3.00% . The unused commitment fee is 0.50% . There were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2018 .

The payment of all amounts owing by Altisource under the Credit Agreement is guaranteed by the Guarantors and is secured by a pledge of all equity interests of certain subsidiaries of Altisource, as well as a lien on substantially all of the assets of Altisource S.à r.l. and the Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions.

The Credit Agreement includes covenants that restrict or limit, among other things, our ability, subject to certain exceptions and baskets, to incur indebtedness; incur liens on our assets; sell, transfer or dispose of assets; make Restricted Junior Payments including share repurchases, dividends and repayment of junior indebtedness; make investments; dispose of equity interests of any Material Subsidiaries; engage in a line of business substantially different than existing businesses and businesses reasonably related, complimentary or ancillary thereto; amend material debt agreements or other material contracts; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; enter into sale/leaseback transactions; grant negative pledges or agree to such other restrictions relating to subsidiary dividends and distributions; make changes to our fiscal year; and engage in mergers and consolidations; and to the extent any Revolving Credit Loans are outstanding on the last day of a fiscal quarter, permit the Total Leverage Ratio to be greater than 3.50 : 1.00 as of the last day of such fiscal quarter, subject to a customary cure provision (the “Revolving Financial Covenant”).

The Credit Agreement contains certain events of default including (i) failure to pay principal when due or interest or any other amount owing on any other obligation under the Credit Agreement within five days of becoming due, (ii) material incorrectness of representations and warranties when made, (iii) breach of certain other covenants, subject to cure periods described in the Credit Agreement, (iv) a breach of the Revolving Financial Covenant, subject to a customary cure provision and not an Event of Default with respect to the Term Loans unless and until the Required Revolving Lenders accelerate the Revolving Credit Loans, (v) failure to pay principal or interest on any other debt that equals or exceeds $40.0 million when due, (vi) default on any other debt that equals or exceeds $40.0 million that causes, or gives the holder or holders of such debt the ability to cause, an acceleration of such debt, (vii) occurrence of a Change of Control, (viii) bankruptcy and insolvency events, (ix) entry by a court of one or more judgments against us in an amount in excess of $40.0 million that remain unbonded, undischarged or unstayed for a certain number of days after the entry thereof, (x) the occurrence of certain ERISA events and (xi) the failure of certain Loan Documents to be in full force and effect. If any event of default occurs and is not cured within applicable grace periods set forth in the Credit Agreement or waived, all loans and other obligations could become due and immediately payable and the facility could be terminated.

At September 30, 2018 , debt issuance costs were $4.1 million , net of $0.5 million of accumulated amortization. At December 31, 2017 , debt issuance costs related to the prior term loans were $3.2 million , net of $7.1 million of accumulated amortization.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , we repurchased portions of our prior senior secured term loan with an aggregate par value of $50.1 million at a weighted average discount of 12.2% , recognizing a net gain of $5.4 million on the early extinguishment of debt (repurchased aggregate par value of $24.1 million at a weighted average discount of 7.5% , recognizing a net gain of $1.5 million on the early extinguishment of debt for the third quarter of 2017 ). There were no similar repurchases in 2018 . The net gain was included in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

NOTE 12 — OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other non-current liabilities consist of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Income tax liabilities	$	5,227	$	5,955
Deferred revenue	21		2,101
Other non-current liabilities	2,618		4,226

Total	$	7,866	$	12,282

NOTE 13 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The following table presents the carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments and certain liabilities as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . The following fair values are estimated using market information and what the Company believes to be appropriate valuation methodologies under GAAP:



	September 30, 2018								December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Carrying amount		Fair value						Carrying amount		Fair value
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3				Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	102,860	$	102,860	$	—	$	—	$	105,006	$	105,006	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	5,728		5,728		—		—		3,837		3,837		—		—
Investment in equity securities	44,967		44,967		—		—		49,153		49,153		—		—
Long-term receivable (Note 3)	2,165		—		—		2,165		—		—		—		—

Liabilities:
Long-term debt	388,760		—		388,760		—		413,581		—		407,377		—

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are carried at amounts that approximate their fair values due to the highly liquid nature of these instruments and were measured using Level 1 inputs.

Investment in equity securities is carried at fair value and consists of 4.1 million shares of RESI common stock. The investment in equity securities is measured using Level 1 inputs as this security has a quoted price in an active market.

The fair value of our long-term debt is based on quoted market prices. Based on the frequency of trading, we do not believe that there is an active market for our debt. Therefore, the quoted prices are considered Level 2 inputs.

In connection with the sale of the rental property management business in August 2018, Altisource received cash proceeds of $15.0 million on the closing date and will receive $3.0 million on the earlier of a RESI change of control or on August 8, 2023 (see Note 3 for additional information). We measure long-term receivables without a stated interest rate based on the present value of the future payments.

There were no transfers between different levels during the periods presented.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Our policy is to deposit our cash and cash equivalents with larger, highly rated financial institutions. The Company derives over 50% of its revenues from Ocwen (see Note 2 for additional information on Ocwen revenues and accounts receivable balance). The Company mitigates its concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable by actively monitoring past due accounts and the economic status of larger customers, if known.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

NOTE 14 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share Repurchase Program

On May 15, 2018 , our shareholders approved the renewal of the share repurchase program previously approved by the shareholders on May 17, 2017 , which replaced the previous share repurchase program. We are authorized to purchase up to 4.3 million shares of our common stock, based on a limit of 25% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the date of approval, at a minimum price of $1.00 per share and a maximum price of $500.00 per share, for a period of five years from the date of approval. As of September 30, 2018 , approximately 4.2 million shares of common stock remain available for repurchase under the program. We purchased 0.8 million shares of common stock at an average price of $27.48 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 1.1 million shares at an average price of $22.48 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( 21 thousand shares at an average price of $30.93 per share for the third quarter of 2018 and 0.3 million shares at an average price of $23.48 per share for the third quarter of 2017 ). Luxembourg law limits share repurchases to the balance of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. (unconsolidated parent company) retained earnings, less the cost of shares previously repurchased. As of September 30, 2018 , we can repurchase up to approximately $141 million of our common stock under Luxembourg law. The Credit Agreement also limits the amount we can spend on share repurchases, which was approximately $477 million as of September 30, 2018 , and may prevent repurchases in certain circumstances.

Share-Based Compensation

We issue share-based awards in the form of stock options, restricted shares and restricted share units for certain employees, officers and directors. We recognized share-based compensation expense of $6.2 million and $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively ( $2.0 million and $1.4 million for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively). As of September 30, 2018 , estimated unrecognized compensation costs related to share-based awards amounted to $11.2 million , which we expect to recognize over a weighted average remaining requisite service period of approximately 1.89 years .

In connection with the January 1, 2017 adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting , the Company made an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures in compensation expense as they occur, rather than continuing to apply the Company’s previous policy of estimating forfeitures. Prior to this accounting change, share-based compensation expense for stock options and restricted shares was recognized net of estimated forfeiture rates ranging from 0% to 40% . This policy election resulted in a cumulative effect adjustment of $0.9 million to retained earnings and additional paid-in capital as of January 1, 2017 using the modified retrospective transition method.

Stock Options

Stock option grants are composed of a combination of service-based, market-based and performance-based options.

Service-Based Options. These options generally vest over three or four years with equal annual vesting and expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service. A total of 518 thousand service-based awards were outstanding as of September 30, 2018 .

Market-Based Options . These option grants generally have two components, each of which vests only upon the achievement of certain criteria. The first component, which we refer to as “ordinary performance” grants, generally consists of two-thirds of the market-based grant and begins to vest if the stock price is at least double the exercise price, as long as the stock price realizes a compounded annual gain of at least 20% over the exercise price. The remaining third of the market-based options, which we refer to as “extraordinary performance” grants, generally begins to vest if the stock price is at least triple the exercise price, as long as the stock price realizes a compounded annual gain of at least 25% over the exercise price. Market-based awards vest in three or four year installments with the first installment vesting upon the achievement of the criteria and the remaining installments vesting thereafter in equal annual installments. Market-based options generally expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service, unless the performance criteria is met prior to termination of service or in the final three years of the option term, in which case vesting will generally continue in accordance with the provisions of the award agreement. A total of 659 thousand market-based awards were outstanding as of September 30, 2018 .

Performance-Based Options. These option grants generally begin to vest upon the achievement of certain specific financial measures. Generally, the awards begin vesting if the performance criteria are achieved; one-fourth vest on each anniversary of the grant date. For certain other financial measures, awards cliff-vest upon the achievement of the specific performance during the period from 2018 through 2021 . The award of performance-based options is adjusted based on the level of achievement specified in the award agreements. If the performance criteria achieved is above threshold performance levels, participants have the opportunity to vest in 50% to 200% of the option grants, depending upon performance achieved. If the

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

performance criteria achieved is below a certain threshold, the award is canceled. The options expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service. There were 282 thousand performance-based awards outstanding as of September 30, 2018 .

The Company granted 272 thousand stock options (at a weighted average exercise price of $25.06 per share) and 216 thousand stock options (at a weighted average exercise price of $34.07 per share) during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.

The fair values of the service-based options and performance-based options were determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the fair values of the market-based options were determined using a lattice (binomial) model. The following assumptions were used to determine the fair values as of the grant date:

Nine months ended
September 30, 2018

Nine months ended
September 30, 2017

Black-Scholes

Binomial

Black-Scholes

Binomial

Risk-free interest rate (%)

2.66 – 2.98

1.64 – 2.83

1.89 – 2.29

0.77 – 2.38

Expected stock price volatility (%)

70.31 – 71.86

71.81 – 71.86

61.49 – 71.31

66.68 – 71.31

Expected dividend yield

—

Expected option life (in years)

6.00 – 6.25

2.56 – 4.32

6.00 – 7.50

2.55 – 4.32

Fair value

$16.17 – $19.06

$14.67 – $18.28

$13.57 – $24.80

$11.94 – $24.30

We determined the expected option life of all service-based stock option grants using the simplified method. We use the simplified method because we believe that our historical data does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected option life.

The following table summarizes the weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted per share, the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised and the grant date fair value of stock options that vested during the periods presented:



	Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2018		2017

Weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted per share	$	16.27	$	20.95
Intrinsic value of options exercised	4,584		2,524
Grant date fair value of stock options that vested	1,598		2,063

The following table summarizes the activity related to our stock options:



	Number of options		Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average contractual term (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)

Outstanding at December 31, 2017	1,745,906		$	28.20	4.96	$	10,202
Granted	271,876		25.06
Exercised	(326,737	)	11.24
Forfeited	(232,247	)	32.47

Outstanding at September 30, 2018	1,458,798		30.73		5.40	10,053

Exercisable at September 30, 2018	886,720		27.18		3.67	7,364

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company modified the performance thresholds that are required to be met in order for vesting to occur for 263 thousand stock options granted to 16 employees in the first quarter of 2018. The award modification did not change the inputs into the valuation model or the Company’s assessment of the probability of vesting as of the effective date of the modifications. Consequently, no incremental compensation expense was required as a result of this modification.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

Other Share-Based Awards

The Company’s other share-based and similar types of awards are composed of restricted shares and, beginning in 2018, restricted share units. The restricted shares and restricted share units are composed of a combination of service-based awards and performance-based awards.

Service-Based Awards. These awards generally vest over one to four years with vesting in equal annual installments, vesting of all of the restricted shares at the end of the vesting period or vesting beginning after two years of service. A total of 455 thousand service-based awards were outstanding as of September 30, 2018 .

Performance-Based Awards. These awards generally begin to vest upon the achievement of certain specific financial measures. Generally, the awards begin vesting if the performance criteria are achieved; one-third vest on each anniversary of the grant date. The number of performance-based restricted shares that may vest will be based on the level of achievement, as specified in the award agreements. If the performance criteria achieved is above threshold performance levels, participants have the opportunity to vest in 80% to 150% of the restricted share award, depending on performance level achieved. If the performance criteria achieved is below a certain threshold, the award is canceled. A total of four thousand performance-based awards were outstanding as of September 30, 2018 .

The Company granted 318 thousand restricted shares and restricted share units (at a weighted average grant date fair value of $25.51 per share) during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 .

The following table summarizes the activity related to our restricted shares and restricted share units:



	Number of restricted shares

Outstanding at December 31, 2017	356,509
Granted	317,524
Issued	(99,500	)
Forfeited/canceled	(115,301	)

Outstanding at September 30, 2018	459,232

During the third quarter of 2018, the Company modified the vesting condition to remove the requirement that a certain employee be employed by the Company in order for the restricted shares to vest for 31 thousand restricted shares granted in the fourth quarter of 2017 and the first quarter of 2018. The award modification did not change the inputs into the valuation model or the Company’s assessment of the probability of vesting as of the effective date of the modifications. Consequently, no incremental compensation expense was required as a result of this modification.

NOTE 15 — REVENUE

Revenue includes service revenue, reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests. Service revenue consists of amounts attributable to our fee-based services and sales of short-term investments in real estate. Reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests are pass-through items for which we earn no margin. Reimbursable expenses consist of amounts we incur on behalf of our customers in performing our fee-based services that we pass directly on to our customers without a markup. Non-controlling interests represent the earnings of Lenders One, a consolidated entity that is a mortgage cooperative managed, but not owned, by Altisource. Lenders One is included in revenue and reduced from net income to arrive at net income attributable to Altisource (see Note 1 ).

The components of revenue were as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Service revenue	$	196,906	$	224,308	$	594,533	$	692,254
Reimbursable expenses	6,815		9,866		23,970		31,786
Non-controlling interests	854		805		2,066		2,107

Total	$	204,575	$	234,979	$	620,569	$	726,147

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

As discussed in Note 1 , the Company adopted Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018 using the cumulative effect method.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Disaggregation of total revenues by segment and major source is as follows:



	Three months ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Revenue recognized when services are performed or assets are sold		Revenue related to technology platforms and professional services		Reimbursable expenses revenue		Total revenue

Mortgage Market:
Servicer Solutions	$	135,395	$	20,565	$	6,530	$	162,490
Origination Solutions	11,223		2,160		87		13,470
Total Mortgage Market	146,618		22,725		6,617		175,960

Real Estate Market:
Consumer Real Estate Solutions	2,693		—		—		2,693
Real Estate Investor Solutions	10,132		—		185		10,317
Total Real Estate Market	12,825		—		185		13,010

Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations	14,138		1,454		13		15,605
Total revenue	$	173,581	$	24,179	$	6,815	$	204,575



	Nine months ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Revenue recognized when services are performed or assets are sold		Revenue related to technology platforms and professional services		Reimbursable expenses revenue		Total revenue

Mortgage Market:
Servicer Solutions	$	404,015	$	57,363	$	22,592	$	483,970
Origination Solutions	30,651		7,138		201		37,990
Total Mortgage Market	434,666		64,501		22,793		521,960

Real Estate Market:
Consumer Real Estate Solutions	6,410		—		2		6,412
Real Estate Investor Solutions	44,882		—		1,141		46,023
Total Real Estate Market	51,292		—		1,143		52,435

Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations	41,785		4,355		34		46,174
Total revenue	$	527,743	$	68,856	$	23,970	$	620,569

Contract Balances

Our contract assets consist of unbilled accounts receivable (see Note 5 ). Our contract liabilities consist of current deferred revenue as reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and non-current deferred revenue (see Note 12 ). Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability at the beginning of the period, including amounts added to the contract liability as part of the cumulative effect of adopting Topic 606, was $6.1 million and $17.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

NOTE 16 — COST OF REVENUE

Cost of revenue principally includes payroll and employee benefits associated with personnel employed in customer service and operations roles, fees paid to external providers related to the provision of services, cost of real estate sold, reimbursable expenses, technology and telecommunications costs as well as depreciation and amortization of operating assets. The components of cost of revenue were as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Compensation and benefits	$	49,707	$	60,332	$	159,342	$	186,090
Outside fees and services	73,096		83,670		207,073		250,883
Cost of real estate sold	1,092		4,411		17,591		16,461
Technology and telecommunications	10,230		10,389		30,533		32,681
Reimbursable expenses	6,815		9,866		23,970		31,786
Depreciation and amortization	6,640		6,230		19,471		20,343

Total	$	147,580	$	174,898	$	457,980	$	538,244

NOTE 17 — SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Selling, general and administrative expenses include payroll and employee benefits associated with personnel employed in executive, finance, law, compliance, human resources, vendor management, facilities, risk management, sales and marketing roles. This category also includes professional fees, occupancy costs, marketing costs, depreciation and amortization of non-operating assets and other expenses. The components of selling, general and administrative expenses were as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Compensation and benefits	$	11,991	$	15,068	$	37,757	$	43,115
Occupancy related costs	7,428		8,536		23,051		28,347
Amortization of intangible assets	6,620		8,604		21,311		27,143
Marketing costs	4,267		3,992		11,852		11,958
Professional services	4,915		3,886		12,469		11,983
Depreciation and amortization	1,054		2,286		5,272		7,068
Other	10,054		4,250		20,665		17,179

Total	$	46,329	$	46,622	$	132,377	$	146,793

NOTE 18 — OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET

Other income (expense), net consists of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018			2017		2018			2017

Loss on debt refinancing	$	—		$	—	$	(4,434	)	$	—
Gain on early extinguishment of debt	—			1,482		—			5,419
Interest income	224			27		455			169
Other, net	(70		)	988		1,544			2,427

Total	$	154		$	2,497	$	(2,435	)	$	8,015

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

NOTE 19 — EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities using the treasury stock method.

Basic and diluted EPS are calculated as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Net income attributable to Altisource	$	8,667	$	6,961	$	6,103	$	22,541

Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	17,033		18,023		17,184		18,337
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted shares and restricted share units	542		406		485		517

Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	17,575		18,429		17,669		18,854

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.51	$	0.39	$	0.36	$	1.23
Diluted	$	0.49	$	0.38	$	0.35	$	1.20

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , 0.3 million options and 0.5 million options, respectively ( 0.1 million options and 0.9 million options for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively), were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because they were anti-dilutive since their exercise price was greater than the average market price of our common stock. Also excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were 0.5 million options, restricted shares and restricted share units and 0.3 million options and restricted shares, respectively ( 0.5 million options, restricted shares and restricted share units and 0.4 million options and restricted shares for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively), which begin to vest upon the achievement of certain market criteria related to our common stock price, performance criteria and an annualized rate of return to shareholders that have not yet been met.

NOTE 20 — RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

In August 2018, Altisource initiated Project Catalyst, a restructuring plan intended to optimize our operations and reduce costs to better align our cost structure with our anticipated revenues and improve our operating margins. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 , we incurred $3.4 million of severance costs and professional services fees related to the restructuring plan. We expect to incur additional severance costs, facility shut-down costs and professional services fees through 2019 in connection with this restructuring and will expense those costs as incurred. Based on our preliminary analysis, we currently anticipate the future costs relating to the restructuring plan to be in the range of approximately $25 million to $35 million . We currently anticipate annual run-rate operating expense reductions in the range of approximately $65 million to $90 million following completion of the restructuring plan; however, this range could materially change based on business and/or other factors.

NOTE 21 — COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND REGULATORY MATTERS

We record a liability for contingencies if an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, including expected insurance coverage. For proceedings where the reasonable estimate of loss is a range, we record a best estimate of loss within the range.

Litigation

We are currently involved in legal actions in the course of our business, some of which seek monetary damages. We do not believe that the outcome of these proceedings, both individually and in the aggregate, will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Regulatory Matters

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

with their regulatory or investigative authority. We are currently responding to such inquiries from governmental authorities relating to certain aspects of our business. We believe it is premature to predict the potential outcome or to estimate any potential financial impact in connection with these inquiries.

As previously disclosed, the Company received a Notice and Opportunity to Respond and Advise (“NORA”) letter on November 10, 2016 from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) indicating that the CFPB was considering a potential enforcement action against Altisource relating to an alleged violation of federal law focused on the REALServicing ^® platform and certain other technology services provided to Ocwen, including claims related to the features, functioning and support of such technology. The NORA process provides the recipient an opportunity to present its positions to the CFPB before an enforcement action is recommended or commenced. On December 5, 2016, we provided a written response to the NORA letter setting forth the legal, policy and factual reasons why we believe an enforcement action is not warranted. By letter dated April 3, 2018, the CFPB informed the Company that the investigation of the Company has been completed and the staff of the CFPB’s Office of Enforcement currently does not intend to recommend that the CFPB take enforcement action, and further that the Company is relieved of the document-retention obligations pursuant to the civil investigative process.

Sales Taxes

On June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a 5-4 majority decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in the state, overturning existing court precedent. The Company is analyzing its services for potential exposure to sales tax in various jurisdictions in the United States and believes that the Company has a related estimated probable loss of $5.9 million . As a result, the Company recognized a $5.9 million loss in the third quarter of 2018 in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The Company is in the process of developing a solution that will enable it to invoice, collect and remit sales tax in the applicable jurisdictions. The Company is also analyzing what rights, if any, it has to seek reimbursement for sales tax payments from clients. As the Company completes its evaluation of potential sales tax exposure, the Company may increase its accrual for sales tax exposure and recognize additional losses, which are not currently estimable. These additional losses could result in a material adjustment to our consolidated financial statements which would impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Ocwen Related Matters

As discussed in Note 2 , during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , Ocwen was our largest customer, accounting for 53% of our total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ( 56% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2018 ). Additionally, 6% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ( 5% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2018 ) was earned on the loan portfolios serviced by Ocwen, when a party other than Ocwen or the MSR owner selected Altisource as the service provider.

Ocwen has disclosed that it is subject to a number of ongoing federal and state regulatory examinations, cease and desist orders, consent orders, inquiries, subpoenas, civil investigative demand, requests for information and other actions and is subject to pending legal proceedings, some of which include claims against Ocwen for substantial monetary damages. For example, on May 15, 2017, Ocwen disclosed that on April 20, 2017, the CFPB and the State of Florida filed separate complaints in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida against Ocwen alleging violations of Federal consumer financial law and, in the case of Florida, Florida statutes. As another example, on May 15, 2017, Ocwen also disclosed that on April 28, 2017, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts filed a lawsuit against Ocwen in the Superior Court for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts alleging violations of state consumer financial laws relating to Ocwen’s servicing business, including lender-placed insurance and property preservation fees. Ocwen disclosed that the complaints seek to obtain permanent injunctive relief, consumer redress, refunds, restitution, disgorgement, damages, civil penalties, costs and fees and other relief. The foregoing or other matters could result in, and in some cases, have resulted in, adverse regulatory or other actions against Ocwen. Previous regulatory actions against Ocwen resulted in subjecting Ocwen to independent oversight of its operations and placing certain restrictions on its ability to acquire servicing rights.

In addition to the above, Ocwen may become subject to future federal and state regulatory investigations, cease and desist orders, consent orders, inquiries, subpoenas, civil investigative demands, requests for information, other matters or legal proceedings, any of which could also result in adverse regulatory or other actions against Ocwen.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

regulatory actions or adverse financial developments may impose additional restrictions on or require changes in Ocwen’s business that could require it to sell assets or change its business operations. Any or all of these effects could result in our eventual loss of Ocwen as a customer or a reduction in the number and/or volume of services they purchase from us or the loss of other customers.

If any of the following events occurred, Altisource’s revenue could be significantly lower and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected, including from the possible impairment or write-off of goodwill, intangible assets, property and equipment, other assets and accounts receivable:


•	Altisource loses Ocwen as a customer or there is a significant reduction in the volume of services they purchase from us


•	Ocwen loses, sells or transfers a significant portion or all of its remaining non-GSE servicing rights or subservicing arrangements and Altisource fails to be retained as a service provider


•	Ocwen loses state servicing licenses in states with a significant number of loans in Ocwen’s servicing portfolio


•	The contractual relationship between Ocwen and Altisource changes significantly or there are significant changes to our pricing to Ocwen for services from which we generate material revenue


•	Altisource otherwise fails to be retained as a service provider

Management cannot predict whether any of these events will occur or the amount of any impact they may have on Altisource. However, in the event one or more of these events materially negatively impact Altisource, we believe the variable nature of our cost structure would allow us to realign our cost structure in line with remaining revenue. Furthermore, in the event of a significant reduction in the volume of services purchased or loan portfolios serviced by Ocwen (such as a transfer of Ocwen’s remaining servicing rights to a successor servicer), we believe the impact to Altisource could occur over an extended period of time. During this period, we believe that we will continue to generate revenue from all or a portion of Ocwen’s loan portfolios.

Our Servicer Solutions, Origination Solutions, Consumer Real Estate Solutions and Real Estate Investor Solutions businesses are focused on diversifying and growing our revenue and customer base and we have a sales and marketing strategy to support these businesses. Management believes our plans, together with current liquidity and cash flows from operations, would be sufficient to meet our working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and other cash needs. However, there can be no assurance that our plans will be successful or our operations will be profitable.

Additionally, Ocwen has notified us, disclosed in its filings and stated in connection with resolving several state administrative actions discussed above, that it plans to transition from REALServicing to another mortgage servicing software platform. Furthermore, Ocwen disclosed in its filings that its acquisition of PHH Corporation is expected to accelerate its transition to a new servicing platform. Altisource has been negotiating with Ocwen the terms of a potential termination of the REALServicing services in connection with Ocwen’s planned transition to a new servicing platform. We do not anticipate that a servicing technology transition would materially impact the other services we provide to Ocwen. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , service revenue from REALServicing was $19.5 million and $20.1 million , respectively ( $7.6 million and $6.7 million for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively).

In addition to the above, as of June 30, 2018 , NRZ owned the Subject MSRs with underlying UPB of $94.7 billion . As of June 30, 2018 , Ocwen serviced and subserviced MSRs with underlying UPB of $167.1 billion . As previously disclosed, in July 2017, Ocwen and NRZ entered into agreements to convert NRZ’s economic rights to the Subject MSRs into fully-owned MSRs in exchange for payments from NRZ to Ocwen when such Subject MSRs were transferred. The transfers are subject to certain third party consents. Ocwen disclosed that under these agreements, Ocwen would subservice the transferred Subject MSRs for an initial term of five years, and the agreements provided for the conversion of the existing arrangements into a more traditional subservicing arrangement. In January 2018, Ocwen disclosed that it and NRZ entered into new agreements to accelerate the implementation of certain parts of their July 2017 arrangement in order to achieve the intent of the July 2017 agreements sooner while Ocwen continues the process of obtaining the third party consents necessary to transfer the Subject MSRs to NRZ.

On August 28, 2017, Altisource, through certain of its licensed subsidiaries, entered into the Brokerage Agreement with NRZ which extends through August 2025. Under this agreement and related amendments, Altisource remains the exclusive provider of brokerage services for REO associated with the Subject MSRs when Ocwen transfers such MSRs to NRZ or when NRZ acquires both an additional economic interest in such Subject MSRs and the right to designate the broker for REO properties in such portfolios. The Brokerage Agreement provides that Altisource is the exclusive provider of brokerage services for REO associated with the Subject MSRs, irrespective of the sub-servicer. NRZ’s brokerage subsidiary receives a cooperative brokerage commission on the sale of certain REO properties from these portfolios subject to certain exceptions.

On August 28, 2017, Altisource and NRZ also entered into the Services LOI, setting forth the terms pursuant to which Altisource would remain the exclusive service provider of fee-based services for the Subject MSRs through August 2025. The Services LOI was amended most recently to extend the term through November 15, 2018 .

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

Escrow and Trust Balances

We hold customers’ assets in escrow and trust accounts at various financial institutions pending completion of certain real estate activities. We also hold cash in trust accounts at various financial institutions where contractual obligations mandate maintaining dedicated bank accounts for our asset recovery management business’s collections. These amounts are held in escrow and trust accounts for limited periods of time and are not included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amounts held in escrow and trust accounts were $24.2 million and $35.1 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively.

NOTE 22 — SEGMENT REPORTING

Our business segments are based upon our organizational structure, which focuses primarily on the services offered, and are consistent with the internal reporting used by our Chief Executive Officer (our chief operating decision maker) to evaluate operating performance and to assess the allocation of our resources.

We report our operations through two reportable segments: Mortgage Market and Real Estate Market . In addition, we report Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations separately. The Mortgage Market segment provides loan servicers and originators with marketplaces, services and technologies that span the mortgage lifecycle. The Real Estate Market segment provides real estate consumers and rental property investors with marketplaces and services that span the real estate lifecycle. In addition, the Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations segment includes businesses that provide post-charge-off consumer debt collection services primarily to debt originators (e.g., credit card, auto lending and retail credit), customer relationship management services primarily to the utility, insurance and hotel industries and IT infrastructure management services. Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations also includes interest expense and costs related to corporate support functions including executive, finance, law, compliance, human resources, vendor management, facilities, risk management, and sales and marketing costs not allocated to the business units as well as eliminations between the reportable segments.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )

Financial information for our segments is as follows:



	Three months ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Mortgage Market		Real Estate Market			Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue	$	175,960	$	13,010		$	15,605		$	204,575
Cost of revenue	113,636		15,883			18,061			147,580
Gross profit (loss)	62,324		(2,873		)	(2,456		)	56,995
Operating expenses (income):
Selling, general and administrative expenses	21,155		5,188			19,986			46,329
Gain on sale of business	—		(13,688		)	—			(13,688		)
Restructuring charges	901		74			2,461			3,436
Income (loss) from operations	40,268		5,553			(24,903		)	20,918
Total other income (expense), net	74		22			(4,885		)	(4,789		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	40,342	$	5,575		$	(29,788	)	$	16,129



	Three months ended September 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Mortgage Market		Real Estate Market			Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue	$	199,262	$	22,121		$	13,596		$	234,979
Cost of revenue	137,466		23,497			13,935			174,898
Gross profit (loss)	61,796		(1,376		)	(339		)	60,081
Selling, general and administrative expenses	28,006		4,208			14,408			46,622
Income (loss) from operations	33,790		(5,584		)	(14,747		)	13,459
Total other income (expense), net	26		—			(3,128		)	(3,102		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	33,816	$	(5,584	)	$	(17,875	)	$	10,357



	Nine months ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Mortgage Market		Real Estate Market			Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue	$	521,960	$	52,435		$	46,174		$	620,569
Cost of revenue	340,038		62,628			55,314			457,980
Gross profit (loss)	181,922		(10,193		)	(9,140		)	162,589
Operating expenses (income):
Selling, general and administrative expenses	65,133		14,486			52,758			132,377
Gain on sale of business	—		(13,688		)	—			(13,688		)
Restructuring charges	901		74			2,461			3,436
Income (loss) from operations	115,888		(11,065		)	(64,359		)	40,464
Total other income (expense), net	86		36			(26,358		)	(26,236		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	115,974	$	(11,029	)	$	(90,717	)	$	14,228

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ( Continued )



	Nine months ended September 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Mortgage Market		Real Estate Market			Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue	$	614,180	$	67,314		$	44,653		$	726,147
Cost of revenue	421,942		72,484			43,818			538,244
Gross profit (loss)	192,238		(5,170		)	835			187,903
Selling, general and administrative expenses	86,493		14,084			46,216			146,793
Income (loss) from operations	105,745		(19,254		)	(45,381		)	41,110
Total other income (expense), net	138		—			(8,985		)	(8,847		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	105,883	$	(19,254	)	$	(54,366	)	$	32,263



(in thousands)	Mortgage Market		Real Estate Market		Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations		Consolidated Altisource

Total assets:
September 30, 2018	$	258,814	$	118,549	$	451,902	$	829,265
December 31, 2017	304,346		64,624		496,194		865,164

Our services are primarily provided to customers located in the United States. Premises and equipment, net consist of the following, by country:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

United States	$	29,824	$	46,268
Luxembourg	16,065		16,688
India	4,273		8,136
Philippines	1,792		2,038
Uruguay	72		143

Total	$	52,026	$	73,273

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) is a supplement to the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our businesses, current developments, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 22, 2018 .

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Form 10-Q regarding anticipated financial outcomes, business and market conditions, outlook and other similar statements related to Altisource’s future financial and operational performance are “forward-looking statements” made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terminology such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “plan,” “estimate,” “believe,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. The following are examples of such items and are not intended to be all inclusive:


•	assumptions related to sources of liquidity and the adequacy of financial resources;


•	assumptions about our ability to grow our business, including executing on our strategic initiatives;


•	assumptions about our ability to improve margins and anticipated expense reductions as a result of Project Catalyst;


•	assumptions regarding the impact of seasonality;


•	estimates regarding our effective tax rate; and


•	estimates regarding our reserves and valuations.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risks discussed in “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of the Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018 and the “Risk Factors” section of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and include the following:


•	our ability to retain Ocwen Financial Corporation (“Ocwen”) as a customer or our ability to receive the anticipated volume of referrals from Ocwen;


•	our ability to reach agreement with New Residential Investment Corp. (individually, together with one or more of its subsidiaries, or one or more of its subsidiaries individually, “NRZ”) on a Services Agreement or the possibility of termination of the Cooperative Brokerage Agreement, as amended, and related letter agreement (collectively, the “Brokerage Agreement”);


•	if a change of control is deemed to have occurred including, among other things, through the formation of a shareholder group, this may cause a termination event or event of default under certain of our agreements;


•	our ability to execute on our strategic businesses;


•	our ability to retain our existing customers, expand relationships and attract new customers;


•	the level of loan delinquencies and charge-offs;


•	the level of origination volume;


•	technology failures;


•	the outsourcing trends;


•	our ability to raise debt;


•	our ability to retain our directors, executive officers and key personnel;


•	our ability to integrate acquired businesses;


•	our ability to comply with, and burdens imposed by, governmental regulations and policies and any changes in such regulations and policies; and


•	significant changes in tax regulations and interpretations in the countries, states and local jurisdictions in which we operate.

We caution the reader not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as they reflect our view only as of the date of this report. We are under no obligation (and expressly disclaim any obligation) to update or alter any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

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OVERVIEW

Our Business

When we refer to “Altisource,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” we mean Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., a Luxembourg société anonyme, or public limited liability company, and its subsidiaries.

We are an integrated service provider and marketplace for the real estate and mortgage industries. Combining operational excellence with a suite of innovative services and technologies, Altisource helps solve the demands of the ever-changing markets we serve.

Our reportable segments are as follows:

Mortgage Market: Provides loan servicers and originators with marketplaces, services and technologies that span the mortgage lifecycle. Within the Mortgage Market segment, we provide:

Servicer Solutions - the solutions, services and technologies typically used or licensed primarily by residential loan servicers.



• Property preservation and inspection services • Real estate brokerage and auction services • Title insurance (agent and related services) and settlement services • Appraisal management services, valuation data, broker and non-broker valuation services • Foreclosure trustee services • Residential and commercial loan servicing technologies		• Vendor management, marketplace transaction management and payment management technologies • Document management platform • Default services (real estate owned (“REO”), foreclosure, bankruptcy, eviction) technologies • Mortgage charge-off collections • Residential and commercial construction inspection and risk mitigation services

Origination Solutions - the solutions, services and technologies typically used or licensed by loan originators (or other similar mortgage market participants) in originating, buying and selling residential mortgages.



• Title insurance (agent and related services) and settlement services • Appraisal management services, valuation data, broker and non-broker valuation services • Fulfillment services • Loan origination system		• Document management platform • Certified loan insurance, certification services and mortgage fraud insurance • Vendor management oversight platform • Mortgage banker cooperative management • Mortgage trading platform

Real Estate Market: Provides real estate consumers and rental property investors with marketplaces and services that span the real estate lifecycle. Within the Real Estate Market segment, we provide:

Consumer Real Estate Solutions - the solutions, services and technologies typically used by home buyers and sellers to handle key aspects of buying and selling a residence.



• Real estate brokerage doing business as Owners.com ^® • Title insurance (agent and related services) and settlement services		• Mortgage brokerage • Homeowners insurance

Real Estate Investor Solutions - the solutions, services and technologies used by buyers and sellers of single-family investment homes.



• Buy-renovate-lease-sell • Property preservation and inspection services • Real estate brokerage and auction services • Data solutions		• Title insurance (agent and related services) and settlement services • Appraisal management services, valuation data, broker and non-broker valuation services

Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations : Includes certain ancillary businesses, interest expense and unallocated costs related to corporate support functions. The businesses in this segment include post-charge-off consumer debt collection services, customer relationship management services and information technology (“IT”) infrastructure management services. Interest expense relates to the Company’s senior secured term loan and corporate support functions include executive, finance, law, compliance, human

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resources, vendor management, facilities, risk management and sales and marketing costs not allocated to the business units. This segment also includes eliminations of transactions between the reportable segments.

We classify revenue in three categories: service revenue, revenue from reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests. In evaluating our performance, we focus on service revenue. Service revenue consists of amounts attributable to our fee-based services and sales of short-term investments in real estate. Reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests are pass-through items for which we earn no margin. Reimbursable expenses consist of amounts we incur on behalf of our customers in performing our fee-based services that we pass directly on to our customers without a markup. Non-controlling interests represent the earnings of Best Partners Mortgage Cooperative, Inc., doing business as Lenders One ^® (“Lenders One”). Lenders One is a mortgage cooperative managed, but not owned, by Altisource. Lenders One is included in revenue and reduced from net income to arrive at net income attributable to Altisource.

Strategy and Growth Businesses

We are focused on becoming one of the premier providers of mortgage and real estate marketplaces and related services to a broad and diversified customer base. Within the mortgage and real estate market segments, we facilitate transactions and provide products, solutions and services related to home sales, home purchases, home rentals, home maintenance, mortgage originations and mortgage servicing.

Each of our strategic businesses provides Altisource the potential to grow and diversify our customer and revenue base. We believe these businesses operate in very large markets and directly leverage our core competencies and distinct competitive advantages. A further description of our four strategic businesses follows.

Servicer Solutions:

Through this business, we provide a suite of services and technologies to meet the evolving and growing needs of loan servicers. We are focused on growing referrals from our existing customer base, expanding the service and proprietary technology offerings to our customer base, and attracting new customers to our offerings. We have a customer base that includes Ocwen, a government-sponsored enterprise (“GSE”), NRZ, several large bank and non-bank servicers and asset managers. We believe we are one of only a few providers with a broad suite of servicer solutions, nationwide coverage and demonstrated scalability. Further, we believe we are well positioned to gain market share as existing customers and prospects consolidate to larger, full-service providers and outsource services that have historically been performed in-house.

Origination Solutions:

Through this business, we provide a suite of services and technologies to meet the evolving and growing needs of lenders, mortgage purchasers and securitizers. We are focused on growing referrals from our existing customer base, expanding the service and proprietary technology offerings to our customer base, and attracting new customers to our offerings. We have a customer base that includes the Lenders One cooperative mortgage bankers, the Mortgage Builder ^® loan origination system customers and mid-size and larger bank and non-bank loan originators. We believe our suite of services and technologies position us to grow our relationships with our existing customer base by providing additional products, services and solutions to these customers. Further, we believe we are well positioned to attract new customers as prospects consolidate to larger, full-service providers and outsource services that have historically been performed in-house.

Consumer Real Estate Solutions:

Through this business, we provide real estate buyers and sellers with a technology enabled real estate brokerage and integrated services to support them in buying and selling a home. Our offerings include local real estate agent services and loan brokerage as well as closing and title services. We are focused on continuing to develop this business by capitalizing on Altisource’s experience in online real estate marketing and loan origination services as well as on more recently developed agile execution competencies.

Real Estate Investor Solutions:

Through this business, we provide a suite of services and technologies to support buyers and sellers of single-family investment homes, including our purchase, renovation, leasing and sale of short-term investments in real estate. We are focused on growing referrals from our existing customer base, expanding the service and proprietary technology offerings to our customer base, and attracting new customers to our offerings. We have a customer base that includes Front Yard Residential Corporation (“RESI”) and other institutional and smaller single-family rental investors. The single-family rental market is large, geographically distributed and has fragmented ownership. We believe our acquisition, renovation, property management, leasing and disposition platform provides a strong value proposition for institutional and retail investors and positions us well for growth.

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There can be no assurance that growth from some or all of our strategic businesses will be successful or our operations will be profitable.

Share Repurchase Program

On May 15, 2018 , our shareholders approved the renewal of the share repurchase program previously approved by the shareholders on May 17, 2017 , which replaced the previous share repurchase program. We are authorized to purchase up to 4.3 million shares of our common stock, based on a limit of 25% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the date of approval, at a minimum price of $1.00 per share and a maximum price of $500.00 per share, for a period of five years from the date of approval. As of September 30, 2018 , approximately 4.2 million shares of common stock remain available for repurchase under the program. We purchased 0.8 million shares of common stock at an average price of $27.48 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 1.1 million shares at an average price of $22.48 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( 21 thousand shares at an average price of $30.93 per share for the third quarter of 2018 and 0.3 million shares at an average price of $23.48 per share for the third quarter of 2017 ). Luxembourg law limits share repurchases to the balance of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. (unconsolidated parent company) retained earnings, less the cost of shares previously repurchased. As of September 30, 2018 , we can repurchase up to approximately $141 million of our common stock under Luxembourg law. The credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. limits the amount we can spend on share repurchases, which was approximately $477 million as of September 30, 2018 , and may prevent repurchases in certain circumstances.

Ocwen Related Matters

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , Ocwen was our largest customer, accounting for 53% of our total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ( 56% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2018 ). Additionally, 6% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ( 5% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2018 ) was earned on the loan portfolios serviced by Ocwen, when a party other than Ocwen or the mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) owner selected Altisource as the service provider.

Ocwen has disclosed that it is subject to a number of ongoing federal and state regulatory examinations, cease and desist orders, consent orders, inquiries, subpoenas, civil investigative demand, requests for information and other actions and is subject to pending legal proceedings, some of which include claims against Ocwen for substantial monetary damages. For example, on May 15, 2017, Ocwen disclosed that on April 20, 2017, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) and the State of Florida filed separate complaints in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida against Ocwen alleging violations of Federal consumer financial law and, in the case of Florida, Florida statutes. As another example, on May 15, 2017, Ocwen also disclosed that on April 28, 2017, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts filed a lawsuit against Ocwen in the Superior Court for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts alleging violations of state consumer financial laws relating to Ocwen’s servicing business, including lender-placed insurance and property preservation fees. Ocwen disclosed that the complaints seek to obtain permanent injunctive relief, consumer redress, refunds, restitution, disgorgement, damages, civil penalties, costs and fees and other relief. The foregoing or other matters could result in, and in some cases, have resulted in, adverse regulatory or other actions against Ocwen. Previous regulatory actions against Ocwen resulted in subjecting Ocwen to independent oversight of its operations and placing certain restrictions on its ability to acquire servicing rights.

The foregoing may have significant adverse effects on Ocwen’s business and/or our continuing relationship with Ocwen. For example, Ocwen may be required to alter the way it conducts business, including the parties it contracts with for services (including IT and software services), it may be required to seek changes to its existing pricing structure with us, it may lose its non-GSE servicing rights or subservicing arrangements or may lose one or more of its state servicing or origination licenses. Additional regulatory actions or adverse financial developments may impose additional restrictions on or require changes in Ocwen’s business that could require it to sell assets or change its business operations. Any or all of these effects could result in our eventual loss of Ocwen as a customer or a reduction in the number and/or volume of services they purchase from us or the loss of other customers.


•	Altisource loses Ocwen as a customer or there is a significant reduction in the volume of services they purchase from us


•	Ocwen loses, sells or transfers a significant portion or all of its remaining non-GSE servicing rights or subservicing arrangements and Altisource fails to be retained as a service provider

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•	Ocwen loses state servicing licenses in states with a significant number of loans in Ocwen’s servicing portfolio


•	The contractual relationship between Ocwen and Altisource changes significantly or there are significant changes to our pricing to Ocwen for services from which we generate material revenue


•	Altisource otherwise fails to be retained as a service provider

In addition to the above, as of June 30, 2018 , NRZ owned Ocwen-serviced MSRs and rights to MSRs (the “Subject MSRs”) with underlying unpaid principal balances (“UPB”) of $94.7 billion . As of June 30, 2018 , Ocwen serviced and subserviced MSRs with underlying UPB of $167.1 billion . As previously disclosed, in July 2017, Ocwen and NRZ entered into agreements to convert NRZ’s economic rights to the Subject MSRs into fully-owned MSRs in exchange for payments from NRZ to Ocwen when such Subject MSRs were transferred. The transfers are subject to certain third party consents. Ocwen disclosed that under these agreements, Ocwen would subservice the transferred Subject MSRs for an initial term of five years, and the agreements provided for the conversion of the existing arrangements into a more traditional subservicing arrangement. In January 2018, Ocwen disclosed that it and NRZ entered into new agreements to accelerate the implementation of certain parts of their July 2017 arrangement in order to achieve the intent of the July 2017 agreements sooner while Ocwen continues the process of obtaining the third party consents necessary to transfer the Subject MSRs to NRZ.

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We anticipate that revenue from NRZ will increase over time and revenue from Ocwen will decrease. Following the anticipated execution of the Services Agreement, we expect that NRZ will become our largest customer. Had all of the Subject MSRs been transferred to NRZ and the Brokerage Agreement and the Services Agreement with NRZ were in place as of January 1, 2018, we estimate that approximately 48% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 would have been related to NRZ. There can be no assurance that the parties will reach an agreement with respect to the terms of the Services Agreement or that a Services Agreement will be entered into on a timely basis or at all.

Factors Affecting Comparability

The following items may impact the comparability of our results:

•

The average number of loans serviced by Ocwen on REALServicing (including those MSRs owned by NRZ and subserviced by Ocwen) was approximately 1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , a decrease of 13% ( 1.1 million for the third quarter of 2018 and 1.2 million for the third quarter of 2017 , a decrease of 13% ). The average number of delinquent non-GSE loans serviced by Ocwen on REALServicing (including those MSRs owned by NRZ and subserviced by Ocwen) was approximately 156 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 182 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , a decrease of 14% ( 144 thousand for the third quarter of 2018 and 178 thousand for the third quarter of 2017 , a decrease of 19% ).

•

In August 2018, we sold our rental property management business to RESI for total transaction proceeds of $18.0 million , $15.0 million of which was received on the closing date of August 8, 2018 and $3.0 million of which will be received on the earlier of a RESI change of control or August 8, 2023. We recognized a $13.7 million pretax gain on the sale of this business during the third quarter of 2018 in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income in connection with this transaction. See Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

•

In August 2018, we initiated Project Catalyst, a restructuring plan intended to optimize our operations and reduce costs to align our cost structure with our anticipated revenues and improve our operating margins. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred $3.4 million of severance costs and professional services fees related to the restructuring plan (no comparative amounts in 2017). We expect to incur additional severance costs, facility shut-down costs and professional services fees through 2019 in connection with this restructuring and will expense those costs as incurred. Based on our preliminary analysis, we currently anticipate the future costs relating to the restructuring plan to be in the range of approximately $25 million to $35 million . We currently anticipate annual run-rate operating expense reductions in the range of approximately $65 million to $90 million following completion of the restructuring plan; however, this range could materially change based on business and/or other factors.

•


•	In the third quarter of 2018 , we recorded an additional expense of $0.5 million related to the fourth quarter 2016 litigation settlement loss.

•

On April 3, 2018, Altisource and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Altisource S.à r.l., entered into the Credit Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, Altisource borrowed $412.0 million in the form of Term B Loans. Proceeds from the Term B Loans were used to repay the Company’s prior senior secured term loan. The comparative interest rates under the Credit Agreement for the Term B Loans and the prior credit agreement were 5.91% and 4.58% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively (6.33% and 4.73% for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 , respectively). In connection with the refinancing, we recognized a loss of $4.4 million from the write-off of the unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (no comparative amount in 2017 ). See Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.


•	Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01 , Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , which requires

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certain equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Previously, changes in the fair value of the Company’s available for sale securities were included in comprehensive income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we recognized an unrealized loss from our investment in RESI common shares of $4.2 million (unrealized gain of $1.8 million for the third quarter of 2018 ). During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , comprehensive income included an unrealized gain from our investment in RESI common shares of $0.2 million , net of a $0.1 million income tax provision (unrealized loss of $5.5 million , net of a $2.1 million income tax benefit for the third quarter of 2017 ). See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on the adoption of the new accounting standard on investments in equity securities.

•

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , we repurchased portions of our senior secured term loan with an aggregate par value of $50.1 million at a weighted average discount of 12.2% , recognizing a net gain of $5.4 million on the early extinguishment of debt (repurchased aggregate par value of $24.1 million at a weighted average discount of 7.5% , recognizing a net gain of $1.5 million on the early extinguishment of debt for the third quarter of 2017 ). There were no similar repurchases that resulted in a gain or loss on the early extinguishment of debt in 2018 .

•

The effective income tax rate increased to 42.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from 23.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (increased to 41.0% for the third quarter of 2018 from 25.0% for the third quarter of 2017 ). The effective income tax rate increases for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and third quarter of 2018 were primarily due to adjustments of $1.6 million to certain foreign income tax reserves (and related interest) in the third quarter of 2018 and changes in the expected mix of taxable income across the jurisdictions in which we operate.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary Consolidated Results

The following is a discussion of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated. For a more detailed discussion of the factors that affected the results of our business segments in these periods, see “ Segment Results of Operations ” below.

The following table sets forth information regarding our results of operations:



	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2018			2017			% Increase (decrease)		2018			2017			% Increase (decrease)

Service revenue
Mortgage Market	$	168,489		$	189,615		(11	)	$	497,101		$	583,002		(15	)
Real Estate Market	12,825			21,113			(39	)	51,292			64,649			(21	)
Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations	15,592			13,580			15		46,140			44,603			3
Total service revenue	196,906			224,308			(12	)	594,533			692,254			(14	)
Reimbursable expenses	6,815			9,866			(31	)	23,970			31,786			(25	)
Non-controlling interests	854			805			6		2,066			2,107			(2	)
Total revenue	204,575			234,979			(13	)	620,569			726,147			(15	)
Cost of revenue	147,580			174,898			(16	)	457,980			538,244			(15	)
Gross profit	56,995			60,081			(5	)	162,589			187,903			(13	)
Operating expenses (income):
Selling, general and administrative expenses	46,329			46,622			(1	)	132,377			146,793			(10	)
Gain on sale of business	(13,688		)	—			N/M		(13,688		)	—			N/M
Restructuring charges	3,436			—			N/M		3,436			—			N/M
Income from operations	20,918			13,459			55		40,464			41,110			(2	)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense	(6,725		)	(5,599		)	20		(19,615		)	(16,862		)	16
Unrealized gain ( loss) on investments in equity securities	1,782			—			N/M		(4,186		)	—			N/M
Other income (expense), net	154			2,497			(94	)	(2,435		)	8,015			(130	)
Total other income (expense), net	(4,789		)	(3,102		)	54		(26,236		)	(8,847		)	197

Income before income taxes and non-controlling interests	16,129			10,357			56		14,228			32,263			(56	)
Income tax provision	(6,608		)	(2,591		)	155		(6,059		)	(7,615		)	(20	)

Net income	9,521			7,766			23		8,169			24,648			(67	)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	(854		)	(805		)	6		(2,066		)	(2,107		)	(2	)

Net income attributable to Altisource	$	8,667		$	6,961		25		$	6,103		$	22,541		(73	)

Margins:
Gross profit/service revenue	29		%	27		%			27		%	27		%
Income from operations/service revenue	11		%	6		%			7		%	6		%

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.51		$	0.39		31		$	0.36		$	1.23		(71	)
Diluted	$	0.49		$	0.38		29		$	0.35		$	1.20		(71	)

N/M — not meaningful.

Revenue

We recognized service revenue of $594.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , a 14% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $196.9 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 12% decrease compared to the third

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quarter of 2017 ). The decreases in service revenue in the Mortgage Market segment were primarily a result of the reduction in the size of Ocwen’s portfolio and number of delinquent loans in its portfolio resulting from loan repayments, loan modifications, short sales, REO sales and other forms of resolution. The decreases in service revenue in the Real Estate Market segment were primarily driven by RESI’s smaller portfolio of non-performing loans and REO, partially offset by increases in the Consumer Real Estate Solutions business and, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , growth in the buy-renovate-lease-sell and renovation management businesses.

We recognized reimbursable expense revenue of $24.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , a 25% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $6.8 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 31% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The decreases in reimbursable expense revenue in the Mortgage Market segment were primarily a result of the reduction in the size of Ocwen’s portfolio and number of delinquent loans in its portfolio resulting from loan repayments, loan modifications, short sales, REO sales and other forms of resolution. The decrease in reimbursable expense revenue in the Real Estate Market segment was primarily from RESI’s smaller portfolio of non-performing loans and REO businesses.

Certain of our revenues are impacted by seasonality. More specifically, revenues from property sales, loan originations and certain property preservation services typically tend to be at their lowest level during the fall and winter months and at their highest level during the spring and summer months. In addition, revenue in the asset recovery management business tends to be higher in the first quarter, as borrowers may utilize tax refunds and bonuses to pay debts, and generally declines throughout the rest of the year.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

Cost of revenue principally includes payroll and employee benefits associated with personnel employed in customer service and operations roles, fees paid to external providers related to the provision of services, cost of real estate sold, reimbursable expenses, technology and telecommunications costs, and depreciation and amortization of operating assets.

Cost of revenue consisted of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	49,707	$	60,332	(18	)	$	159,342	$	186,090	(14	)
Outside fees and services	73,096		83,670		(13	)	207,073		250,883		(17	)
Cost of real estate sold	1,092		4,411		(75	)	17,591		16,461		7
Technology and telecommunications	10,230		10,389		(2	)	30,533		32,681		(7	)
Reimbursable expenses	6,815		9,866		(31	)	23,970		31,786		(25	)
Depreciation and amortization	6,640		6,230		7		19,471		20,343		(4	)

Cost of revenue	$	147,580	$	174,898	(16	)	$	457,980	$	538,244	(15	)

Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $458.0 million decreased 15% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $147.6 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 16% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The decreases in cost of revenue were primarily driven by lower service revenue in the Mortgage Market and Real Estate Market segments and related cost reduction initiatives. The decreases in outside fees and services in the Mortgage Market segment were driven by lower property preservation and inspection orders from the reduction in the size of Ocwen’s portfolio, as discussed in the revenue section above. The decline in compensation and benefits in certain of our businesses resulted from reduced headcount in anticipation of the revenue decline from the Ocwen and RESI portfolios and from the implementation of efficiency initiatives. The decrease in reimbursable expenses was consistent with the decrease in reimbursable expenses revenue discussed in the revenue section above.

Gross profit decreased to $162.6 million , representing 27% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $187.9 million , representing 27% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( decreased to $57.0 million , representing 29% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to $60.1 million , representing 27% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2017 ). Gross profit as a percentage of service revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was flat compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , as the revenue declines were generally offset by lower cost of revenue, as discussed above. Gross profit as a percentage of service revenue for the third quarter of 2018 increased compared to the third quarter of 2017 , as decreases in outside fees and services and compensation and benefits due to reduced headcount, particularly in connection with increased efficiency initiatives implemented in the third quarter of 2018, more than offset the reduction in service revenue.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administration expenses (“SG&A”) include payroll for personnel employed in executive, finance, law, compliance, human resources, vendor management, facilities, risk management, sales and marketing roles. This category also includes professional fees, occupancy costs, marketing costs, depreciation and amortization of non-operating assets and other expenses.

SG&A expenses consisted of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	11,991	$	15,068	(20	)	$	37,757	$	43,115	(12	)
Occupancy related costs	7,428		8,536		(13	)	23,051		28,347		(19	)
Amortization of intangible assets	6,620		8,604		(23	)	21,311		27,143		(21	)
Marketing costs	4,267		3,992		7		11,852		11,958		(1	)
Professional services	4,915		3,886		26		12,469		11,983		4
Depreciation and amortization	1,054		2,286		(54	)	5,272		7,068		(25	)
Other	10,054		4,250		137		20,665		17,179		20

Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	46,329	$	46,622	(1	)	$	132,377	$	146,793	(10	)

SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $132.4 million decreased 10% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $46.3 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 1% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The decreases in SG&A were driven by lower compensation and benefits, primarily in the Mortgage Market segment, as we reduced headcount from the implementation of efficiency initiatives. In addition, decreases in SG&A were due to lower amortization of intangible assets, due to lower revenue generated by the Homeward Residential, Inc. (“Homeward”) and Residential Capital, LLC (“ResCap”) portfolios (revenue-based amortization) in the Mortgage Market segment, consistent with the reduction in the size of Ocwen’s portfolio discussed in the revenue section above. Decreases in SG&A were also due to lower occupancy costs, driven by initiatives to reduce our facilities footprint in 2017 and 2018, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , due to a decrease in other from unfavorable loss accrual adjustments of $2.7 million recorded in the second quarter of 2017 (no comparative amounts in 2018 ). The increases in other for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the third quarter of 2018 were driven by the accrual of a $5.9 million contingent loss accrual for sales tax exposure in the United States recognized in the third quarter of 2018.

Gain on Sale of Business

In August 2018, we sold our rental property management business to RESI for total transaction proceeds of $18.0 million , $15.0 million of which was received on the closing date of August 8, 2018 and $3.0 million of which will be received on the earlier of a RESI change of control or August 8, 2023. We recognized a $13.7 million pretax gain on sale of this business for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the third quarter of 2018 in connection with this transaction (no comparative amounts in 2017).

Restructuring Charges

Income from Operations

Income from operations decreased to $40.5 million , representing 7% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $41.1 million , representing 6% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (increased to $20.9 million , representing 11% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to $13.5 million , representing 6% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2017 ). Operating income as a percentage of service revenue increased, primarily due

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to the gain on sale of business, partially offset by restructuring costs, as discussed above. In addition, operating income as a percentage of service revenue for the third quarter of 2018 increased compared to the third quarter of 2017 from increased gross margins, as decreases in outside fees and services and compensation and benefits in connection with the implementation of efficiency initiatives more than offset the reduction in service revenue, as discussed above.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net principally includes interest expense and other non-operating gains and losses. Effective January 1, 2018, other income (expense), net includes unrealized gains and (losses) on our investment in RESI (see Factors Affecting Comparability above).

Other income (expense), net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $(26.2) million compared to $(8.8) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $(4.8) million for the third quarter of 2018 and $(3.1) million for the third quarter of 2017 ). The increase in other expenses, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to the $5.4 million net gain on the early extinguishment of debt in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , and, in 2018, a $(4.4) million loss on debt refinancing, $(4.2) million unrealized loss on our investment in RESI and higher interest expense from a higher interest rate on the Credit Agreement compared to the prior senior secured term loan. The increase in other expenses, net for the third quarter of 2018 was primarily due to the $1.5 million net gain on the early extinguishment of debt in the third quarter of 2017 and higher interest expense, as discussed above, partially offset by an unrealized gain of $1.8 million on our investment in RESI in the third quarter of 2018.

Income Tax Provision

The income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $6.1 million decreased 20% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $6.6 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 155% increase compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The effective income tax rate increased to 42.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from 23.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (increased to 41.0% for the third quarter of 2018 from 25.0% for the third quarter of 2017 ). The effective income tax rate increases for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and third quarter 2018 were primarily due to adjustments of $1.6 million to certain foreign income tax reserves (and related interest) in the third quarter of 2018 and changes in the expected mix of taxable income across the jurisdictions in which we operate.

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SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following section provides a discussion of pretax results of operations of our business segments. Transactions between segments are accounted for as third party arrangements for purposes of presenting segment results of operations.

Financial information for our segments was as follows:



	Three months ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Mortgage Market			Real Estate Market			Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue
Service revenue	$	168,489		$	12,825		$	15,592		$	196,906
Reimbursable expenses	6,617			185			13			6,815
Non-controlling interests	854			—			—			854
	175,960			13,010			15,605			204,575
Cost of revenue	113,636			15,883			18,061			147,580
Gross profit (loss)	62,324			(2,873		)	(2,456		)	56,995
Operating expenses (income):
Selling, general and administrative expenses	21,155			5,188			19,986			46,329
Gain on sale of business	—			(13,688		)	—			(13,688		)
Restructuring charges	901			74			2,461			3,436
Income (loss) from operations	40,268			5,553			(24,903		)	20,918
Total other income (expense), net	74			22			(4,885		)	(4,789		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	40,342		$	5,575		$	(29,788	)	$	16,129

Margins:
Gross profit (loss)/service revenue	37		%	(22		)%	(16		)%	29		%
Income (loss) from operations/service revenue	24		%	43		%	(160		)%	11		%



	Three months ended September 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Mortgage Market			Real Estate Market			Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue
Service revenue	$	189,615		$	21,113		$	13,580		$	224,308
Reimbursable expenses	8,842			1,008			16			9,866
Non-controlling interests	805			—			—			805
	199,262			22,121			13,596			234,979
Cost of revenue	137,466			23,497			13,935			174,898
Gross profit (loss)	61,796			(1,376		)	(339		)	60,081
Selling, general and administrative expenses	28,006			4,208			14,408			46,622
Income (loss) from operations	33,790			(5,584		)	(14,747		)	13,459
Total other income (expense), net	26			—			(3,128		)	(3,102		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	33,816		$	(5,584	)	$	(17,875	)	$	10,357

Margins:
Gross profit (loss)/service revenue	33		%	(7		)%	(2		)%	27		%
Income (loss) from operations/service revenue	18		%	(26		)%	(109		)%	6		%



	Nine months ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Mortgage Market			Real Estate Market			Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue
Service revenue	$	497,101		$	51,292		$	46,140		$	594,533
Reimbursable expenses	22,793			1,143			34			23,970
Non-controlling interests	2,066			—			—			2,066
	521,960			52,435			46,174			620,569
Cost of revenue	340,038			62,628			55,314			457,980
Gross profit (loss)	181,922			(10,193		)	(9,140		)	162,589
Operating expenses (income):
Selling, general and administrative expenses	65,133			14,486			52,758			132,377
Gain on sale of business	—			(13,688		)	—			(13,688		)
Restructuring charges	901			74			2,461			3,436
Income (loss) from operations	115,888			(11,065		)	(64,359		)	40,464
Total other income (expense), net	86			36			(26,358		)	(26,236		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	115,974		$	(11,029	)	$	(90,717	)	$	14,228

Margins:
Gross profit (loss)/service revenue	37		%	(20		)%	(20		)%	27		%
Income (loss) from operations/service revenue	23		%	(22		)%	(139		)%	7		%



	Nine months ended September 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Mortgage Market			Real Estate Market			Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue
Service revenue	$	583,002		$	64,649		$	44,603		$	692,254
Reimbursable expenses	29,071			2,665			50			31,786
Non-controlling interests	2,107			—			—			2,107
	614,180			67,314			44,653			726,147
Cost of revenue	421,942			72,484			43,818			538,244
Gross profit (loss)	192,238			(5,170		)	835			187,903
Selling, general and administrative expenses	86,493			14,084			46,216			146,793
Income (loss) from operations	105,745			(19,254		)	(45,381		)	41,110
Total other income (expense), net	138			—			(8,985		)	(8,847		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	105,883		$	(19,254	)	$	(54,366	)	$	32,263

Margins:
Gross profit (loss)/service revenue	33		%	(8		)%	2		%	27		%
Income (loss) from operations/service revenue	18		%	(30		)%	(102		)%	6		%

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Mortgage Market

Revenue

Revenue by business unit was as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Service revenue:
Servicer Solutions	$	155,960	$	176,258	(12	)	$	461,378	$	545,447	(15	)
Origination Solutions	12,529		13,357		(6	)	35,723		37,555		(5	)
Total service revenue	168,489		189,615		(11	)	497,101		583,002		(15	)

Reimbursable expenses:
Servicer Solutions	6,530		8,803		(26	)	22,592		28,854		(22	)
Origination Solutions	87		39		123		201		217		(7	)
Total reimbursable expenses	6,617		8,842		(25	)	22,793		29,071		(22	)

Non-controlling interests	854		805		6		2,066		2,107		(2	)

Total revenue	$	175,960	$	199,262	(12	)	$	521,960	$	614,180	(15	)

We recognized service revenue of $497.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , a 15% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $168.5 million for the third quarter of 2018 , an 11% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). We also recognized reimbursable expense revenue of $22.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , a 22% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $6.6 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 25% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The decreases in service revenue and reimbursable expense revenue were primarily a result of the reduction in the size of Ocwen’s portfolio and number of delinquent loans in its portfolio resulting from loan repayments, loan modifications, short sales, REO sales and other forms of resolution in the Servicer Solutions business.

Certain of our Mortgage Market businesses are impacted by seasonality. Revenues from property sales, loan originations and certain property preservation services are generally lowest during the fall and winter months and highest during the spring and summer months.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

Cost of revenue consisted of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	31,300	$	41,475	(25	)	$	99,925	$	126,153	(21	)
Outside fees and services	64,836		74,902		(13	)	184,629		228,982		(19	)
Reimbursable expenses	6,617		8,842		(25	)	22,793		29,071		(22	)
Technology and telecommunications	6,123		7,708		(21	)	18,813		23,589		(20	)
Depreciation and amortization	4,760		4,539		5		13,878		14,147		(2	)

Cost of revenue	$	113,636	$	137,466	(17	)	$	340,038	$	421,942	(19	)

Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $340.0 million decreased by 19% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $113.6 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 17% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The decreases in cost of revenue were primarily driven by lower service revenue and the implementation of efficiency initiatives. The decreases in outside fees and services were primarily due to lower property preservation and inspection orders from the reduction in the size of Ocwen’s portfolio, as discussed in the revenue section above. The decreases in compensation and benefits were primarily due to reduced headcount in anticipation of the revenue decline from the Ocwen portfolio and from the implementation of efficiency initiatives. In addition, decreases in compensation and benefits and the decreases in technology and telecommunications costs were driven by the redeployment of certain technology resources to our Other Businesses, Corporate

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and Eliminations for the development of enterprise-wide technology initiatives. The decreases in reimbursable expenses were consistent with the decreases in reimbursable expenses revenue discussed in the revenue section above.

Gross profit decreased to $181.9 million , representing 37% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $192.2 million , representing 33% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (increased to $62.3 million , representing 37% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2018 , compared to $61.8 million , representing 33% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2017 ). Gross profit as a percentage of service revenue increased primarily due to service revenue mix from fewer lower margin property preservation referrals related to the reduction in the size of Ocwen’s portfolio, the implementation of efficiency initiatives and the redeployment of certain technology resources to Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations for the development of enterprise-wide technology initiatives, as discussed above. Our margins can vary substantially depending upon service revenue mix.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses consisted of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	4,007	$	6,292	(36	)	$	11,976	$	17,393	(31	)
Occupancy related costs	4,122		5,648		(27	)	13,300		17,687		(25	)
Amortization of intangible assets	6,020		7,975		(25	)	19,157		25,119		(24	)
Professional services	2,227		2,319		(4	)	5,498		7,018		(22	)
Marketing costs	1,728		2,170		(20	)	5,059		6,405		(21	)
Depreciation and amortization	595		1,012		(41	)	2,169		2,881		(25	)
Other	2,456		2,590		(5	)	7,974		9,990		(20	)

Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	21,155	$	28,006	(24	)	$	65,133	$	86,493	(25	)

SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $65.1 million decreased by 25% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $21.2 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 24% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). Decreases in SG&A were reported across all cost categories, driven by lower amortization of intangible assets from lower revenue generated by the Homeward and ResCap portfolios (revenue-based amortization) and lower compensation and benefits due to lower cost allocations primarily due to declining revenues, as discussed in the revenue section above, and the implementation of efficiency initiatives. In addition, lower occupancy costs were driven by initiatives to reduce our facilities footprint in 2017 and 2018.

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges of $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the third quarter of 2018 consist of severance costs related to the restructuring plan we began implementing in the third quarter of 2018 (no comparative amounts in 2017).

Income from Operations

Income from operations increased to $115.9 million , representing 23% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $105.7 million , representing 18% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (increased to $40.3 million , representing 24% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2018 , compared to $33.8 million , representing 18% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2017 ). The increases in operating income as a percentage of service revenue were primarily the result of higher gross profit margins driven by significantly reduced compensation and benefits, outside fees and services and technology and telecommunication costs and lower SG&A in all cost categories, as discussed above.

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Real Estate Market

Revenue

Revenue by business unit was as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Service revenue:
Consumer Real Estate Solutions	$	2,693	$	1,441	87		$	6,410	$	3,440	86
Real Estate Investor Solutions	10,132		19,672		(48	)	44,882		61,209		(27	)
Total service revenue	12,825		21,113		(39	)	51,292		64,649		(21	)

Reimbursable expenses:
Consumer Real Estate Solutions	—		—		—		2		—		N/M
Real Estate Investor Solutions	185		1,008		(82	)	1,141		2,665		(57	)
Total reimbursable expenses	185		1,008		(82	)	1,143		2,665		(57	)

Total revenue	$	13,010	$	22,121	(41	)	$	52,435	$	67,314	(22	)

N/M — not meaningful.

We recognized service revenue of $51.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , a 21% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $12.8 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 39% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The decreases in service revenue were primarily driven by a decline in revenues in the Real Estate Investor Solutions business from RESI’s smaller portfolio of non-performing loans and REO, as RESI continues to sell off this portfolio and focus on directly acquiring, renovating and managing rental homes. These decreases were partially offset by increases in the Consumer Real Estate Solutions business from higher transaction volumes and unit revenue in 2018. Additionally, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , these decreases were also partially offset by growth in the buy-renovate-lease-sell and renovation management businesses in Real Estate Investor Solutions.

Certain of our Real Estate Market businesses are impacted by seasonality. Revenues from property sales and certain property preservation services are generally lowest during the fall and winter months and highest during the spring and summer months.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Loss

Cost of revenue consisted of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	5,962	$	8,777	(32	)	$	20,494	$	28,167	(27	)
Outside fees and services	7,367		7,865		(6	)	20,027		19,249		4
Cost of real estate sold	1,092		4,411		(75	)	17,591		16,461		7
Reimbursable expenses	185		1,008		(82	)	1,143		2,665		(57	)
Technology and telecommunications	1,072		1,203		(11	)	2,782		4,659		(40	)
Depreciation and amortization	205		233		(12	)	591		1,283		(54	)

Cost of revenue	$	15,883	$	23,497	(32	)	$	62,628	$	72,484	(14	)

Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $62.6 million decreased by 14% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $15.9 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 32% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The decreases in cost of revenue were primarily driven by lower compensation and benefits, which declined in certain of the Real Estate Investor Solutions businesses as we reduced headcount in anticipation of the decreases in revenue volumes from RESI’s portfolio discussed in the revenue section above, and decreases in technology and telecommunications expense due to the reduction in headcount and transaction volumes.

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Gross loss increased to $(10.2) million , representing (20)% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to $(5.2) million , representing (8)% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (loss of $(2.9) million , representing (22)% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2018 , compared to a loss of $(1.4) million , representing (7)% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2017 ). Gross loss as a percent of service revenue increased primarily as a result of service revenue mix from fewer higher margin REO sales. In addition, gross loss as a percent of service revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased from higher revenues in the lower margin buy-renovate-lease-sell program. Our margins can vary substantially depending upon service revenue mix.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses consisted of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	900	$	732	23		$	2,517	$	2,469	2
Occupancy related costs	382		631		(39	)	1,394		2,353		(41	)
Amortization of intangible assets	183		211		(13	)	902		633		42
Professional services	741		339		119		1,111		974		14
Marketing costs	2,462		1,786		38		6,557		5,390		22
Depreciation and amortization	121		180		(33	)	380		561		(32	)
Other	399		329		21		1,625		1,704		(5	)

Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	5,188	$	4,208	23		$	14,486	$	14,084	3

SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $14.5 million increased by 3% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $5.2 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 23% increase compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The increases in SG&A were primarily driven by higher marketing costs in Consumer Real Estate Solutions to support our anticipated growth of this business, partially offset by lower occupancy related costs, due to lower facility costs from initiatives to reduce our facilities footprint.

Gain on Sale of Business

In August 2018, we sold our rental property management business to RESI for total transaction proceeds of $18.0 million , $15.0 million of which was received on the closing date of August 8, 2018 and $3.0 million of which will be received on the earlier of a RESI change of control or August 8, 2023. We recognized a $13.7 million pretax gain on sale of this business for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the third quarter of 2018 in connection with this transaction (no comparative amounts in 2017).

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges of $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the third quarter of 2018 consist of severance costs related to the restructuring plan we began implementing in the third quarter of 2018 (no comparative amounts in 2017).

Income (Loss) from Operations

Loss from operations decreased to $(11.1) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to a loss from operations of $(19.3) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (income from operations of $5.6 million for the third quarter of 2018 compared to loss from operations of $(5.6) million for the third quarter of 2017 ). The decreases in loss from operations were primarily the result of the gain on sale of the business, partially offset by lower gross profit margins and increases in SG&A, as discussed above.

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Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations

Revenue

Revenue by business unit was as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Service revenue:
Customer relationship management	$	7,389	$	6,822	8		$	21,028	$	21,682	(3	)
Asset recovery management	6,750		5,743		18		20,758		17,940		16
IT infrastructure services	1,453		1,015		43		4,354		4,981		(13	)
Total service revenue	15,592		13,580		15		46,140		44,603		3

Reimbursable expenses:
Asset recovery management	13		16		(19	)	34		50		(32	)
Total reimbursable expenses	13		16		(19	)	34		50		(32	)

Total revenue	$	15,605	$	13,596	15		$	46,174	$	44,653	3

We recognized service revenue of $46.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , a 3% increase compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $15.6 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 15% increase compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The increases in service revenue were primarily due to an increase in asset recovery management service revenue from growth in referral volumes.

Certain of our other businesses are impacted by seasonality. Revenue in the asset recovery management business tends to be higher in the first quarter, as borrowers may utilize tax refunds and bonuses to pay debts, and generally declines throughout the remainder of the year.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit (Loss)

Cost of revenue consisted of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	12,445	$	10,080	23		$	38,923	$	31,770	23
Outside fees and services	893		903		(1	)	2,417		2,652		(9	)
Reimbursable expenses	13		16		(19	)	34		50		(32	)
Technology and telecommunications	3,035		1,478		105		8,938		4,433		102
Depreciation and amortization	1,675		1,458		15		5,002		4,913		2

Cost of revenue	$	18,061	$	13,935	30		$	55,314	$	43,818	26

Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $55.3 million increased by 26% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $18.1 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 30% increase compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The increases in cost of revenue were primarily due to increases in compensation and benefits and technology and telecommunications costs, driven by the redeployment of certain technology resources from the Mortgage Market segment to Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations for the development of enterprise-wide technology initiatives.

Gross profit decreased to a gross loss of $(9.1) million , representing (20)% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to a gross profit of $0.8 million , representing 2% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (loss of $(2.5) million , representing (16)% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2018 , compared to a loss of $(0.3) million , representing (2)% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2017 ). Gross profit (loss) as a percentage of service revenue decreased due to the increase in cost of revenue, principally driven by the redeployment of certain technology resources from the Mortgage Market segment for the development of enterprise-wide technology initiatives, which increased Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations cost of revenue and decreased cost of revenue in the Mortgage Market segment, as described above.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A in Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations include SG&A of the customer relationship management, asset recovery management and IT infrastructure services businesses. It also includes costs related to corporate support functions not allocated to the Mortgage Market and Real Estate Market segments.

Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations also include eliminations of transactions between the reportable segments.

SG&A consisted of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)		2018		2017		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	7,084	$	8,044	(12	)	$	23,264	$	23,253	—
Occupancy related costs	2,924		2,257		30		8,357		8,307		1
Amortization of intangible assets	417		418		—		1,252		1,391		(10	)
Professional services	1,947		1,228		59		5,860		3,991		47
Marketing costs	77		36		114		236		163		45
Depreciation and amortization	338		1,094		(69	)	2,723		3,626		(25	)
Other	7,199		1,331		N/M		11,066		5,485		102

Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	19,986	$	14,408	39		$	52,758	$	46,216	14

N/M — not meaningful.

SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $52.8 million increased by 14% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $20.0 million for the third quarter of 2018 , a 39% increase compared to the third quarter of 2017 ). The increases in other for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the third quarter of 2018 were driven by the accrual of a $5.9 million contingent loss accrual for sales tax exposure in the United States recognized in the third quarter of 2018 . In addition, SG&A included increases in professional services, due to increased legal and professional services costs in connection with certain legal and regulatory matters. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the increase was partially offset by unfavorable loss accrual adjustments of $2.7 million recorded in the second quarter of 2017 (no comparative amounts in 2018).

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges of $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the third quarter of 2018 consist of severance costs and professional services fees related to the restructuring plan we began implementing in the third quarter of 2018 (no comparative amounts in 2017).

Loss from Operations

Loss from operations increased to $(64.4) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $(45.4) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $(24.9) million for the third quarter of 2018 compared to $(14.7) million for the third quarter of 2017 ). The increases in operating losses were primarily driven by the decrease in gross profit from the shifting of technology resources from the Mortgage Market segment to support corporate initiatives, increases in SG&A, primarily due to increased unfavorable accrual adjustments in 2018, and restructuring charges, as discussed above.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $(26.4) million compares to $(9.0) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $(4.9) million for the third quarter of 2018 and $(3.1) million for the third quarter of 2017 ). The increase in other expenses, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to the $5.4 million net gain on the early extinguishment of debt in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , and, in 2018 , a $(4.4) million loss on debt refinancing, $(4.2) million unrealized loss on our investment in RESI and higher interest expense from a higher interest rate on the Credit Agreement compared to the prior senior secured term loan. The increase in other expense, net for the third quarter of 2018 was primarily due to the $1.5 million net gain on the early extinguishment of debt in the third quarter of 2017 and higher interest expense, as discussed above, partially offset by an unrealized gain of $1.8 million on our investment in RESI.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

Our primary source of liquidity is cash flow from operations. We seek to deploy cash generated in a disciplined manner. Principally, we intend to use cash to develop and grow complementary services and businesses that we believe will generate attractive margins in line with our core capabilities and strategy. We use cash for scheduled repayments of our long-term debt and seek to use cash from time to time to repurchase shares of our common stock and repurchase portions of our debt. In addition, we consider and evaluate business acquisitions that may arise from time to time that are aligned with our strategy.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we used net proceeds from the Term B Loans and operating cash to repay the prior senior secured term loan and repaid $28.9 million of borrowings ( $15.0 million in the third quarter of 2018 ). During the third quarter of 2018 , the Company used the proceeds received from the sale of the rental property management business to RESI to repay $15.0 million of the Term B Loans. This repayment is applied to contractual amortization in the direct order of maturity. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we used $21.8 million to repurchase shares of our common stock ( $0.7 million for the third quarter of 2018 ).

Credit Agreement

On April 3, 2018 , Altisource entered into the Credit Agreement pursuant to which Altisource borrowed $412.0 million in the form of Term B Loans and obtained a $15.0 million revolving credit facility. The Term B Loans mature in April 2024 and the revolving credit facility matures in April 2023.

Proceeds from the Term B Loans were used to repay the Company’s prior senior secured term loan, which had an outstanding balance of $412.1 million as of April 3, 2018. As of September 30, 2018 , $388.8 million of the Term B Loans were outstanding. There were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2018 .

The Term B Loans must be repaid in consecutive quarterly principal installments with remaining amounts due as of September 30, 2018 of $1.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, $41.2 million in 2019, $25.7 million in 2020 and $12.4 million annually thereafter, with the balance due at maturity. All amounts outstanding under the Term B Loans will become due on the earlier of (i) April 3, 2024, and (ii) the date on which the loans are declared to be due and owing by the administrative agent at the request (or with the consent) of the Required Lenders (as defined in the Credit Agreement; other capitalized terms, unless defined herein, are defined in the Credit Agreement) or as otherwise provided in the Credit Agreement upon the occurrence of any event of default.

The interest rate on the Term B Loans as of September 30, 2018 was 6.39% .

The Credit Agreement includes covenants that restrict or limit, among other things, our ability, subject to certain exceptions and baskets, to incur additional debt, pay dividends and repurchase shares of our common stock. In the event we require additional liquidity, our ability to obtain it may be limited by the Credit Agreement.

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Cash Flows

The following table presents our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30 :



(in thousands)	2018			2017			% Increase (decrease)

Net income adjusted for non-cash items	$	59,012		$	83,771		(30	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(15,362		)	(36,642		)	58
Cash flows provided by operating activities	43,650			47,129			(7	)
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities	10,793			(7,485		)	244
Cash flows used in financing activities	(54,698		)	(74,742		)	27
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents an d restricted cash	(255		)	(35,098		)	99
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginn ing of the period	108,843			153,421			(29	)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period	$	108,588		$	118,323		(8	)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities generally consist of the cash effects of transactions and events that enter into the determination of net income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , cash flows provided by operating activities were $43.7 million , or approximately $0.07 for every dollar of service revenue, compared to cash flows provided by operating activities of $47.1 million , or approximately $0.07 for every dollar of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ( $0.10 for every dollar of service revenue for the third quarter of 2018 and $0.15 for every dollar of service revenue for the third quarter of 2017 ). The decrease in cash flows from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , was primarily due to lower net income, adjusted for non-cash items, of $24.8 million , a decrease of 30% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , partially offset by a reduction in cash used for changes in operating assets and liabilities. The decrease in net income, adjusted for non-cash items was primarily driven by lower gross profit in 2018 as a result of decreasing service revenues, which were partially offset a by corresponding reductions in expenses. The decrease in cash used for changes in operating assets and liabilities was principally driven by the $28.0 million net payment in the prior year period of an accrued litigation settlement and the timing of payments of accounts payable for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , partially offset by a lower decrease in accounts receivable for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 due to service revenue mix and the timing of collections.

Operating cash flows can be negatively impacted because of the nature of some of our services and the mix of services provided. Certain services are performed immediately following or shortly after the referral, but the collection of the receivable does not occur until a specific event occurs (e.g., the foreclosure is complete, the REO asset is sold, etc.). In addition, annual incentive compensation bonuses are typically paid during the first quarter of each year. Consequently, our cash flows from operations may not be comparable from one interim period to another.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash flows from investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 consisted of $15.0 million in proceeds from the sale of the rental property management business to RESI in the third quarter of 2018 and $4.2 million of cash used for additions to premises and equipment ( $7.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ), primarily related to investments in the development of certain software applications, IT infrastructure and facility improvements.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash flows from financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 primarily consisted of cash flows associated with debt issuances, repayments, repurchases and debt issuance costs. In addition, financing activities include the purchase of treasury shares, proceeds from stock option exercises, distributions to non-controlling interests and the payment of tax withholdings on issuance of restricted shares and stock option exercises. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we used net cash of $34.0 million to refinance and reduce our debt, including debt issuance costs and repayments and repurchases of long term debt compared to $48.6 million of repurchases and repayments of long-term debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 . In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we used $21.8 million to repurchase our common stock ( $25.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ), received proceeds from stock option exercises of $3.6 million ( $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ), and distributed $1.9 million ( $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ) to non-controlling interests. Also during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we made payments of $0.6 million ( $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 ), to satisfy employee tax withholding

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obligations on the issuance of restricted shares and stock option exercises. These payments were made to tax authorities, at the employees’ direction, to satisfy the employees’ tax obligations rather than issuing a portion of vested restricted shares to employees.

Liquidity Requirements after September 30, 2018

Our primary future liquidity obligations pertain to long-term debt repayments and interest expense under the Credit Agreement (see Liquidity section above) and distributions to Lenders One members. During the next 12 months, we expect to make mandatory repayments of $34.4 million and pay $24.1 million of interest expense (assuming the current interest rate) under the Credit Agreement and distribute approximately $2.5 million to the Lenders One members representing non-controlling interests.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents balances, our anticipated cash flows from operations and availability under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs, including to fund required debt and interest payments and additions to premises and equipment, for the next 12 months.

Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , there were no significant changes to our contractual obligations from those identified in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 and this Form 10-Q, other than those that occur in the normal course of business. See Note 21 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES, ESTIMATES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENT

We prepare our interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions, estimates and judgments, however, are often subjective. Actual results may be negatively affected based on changing circumstances. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known.

See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for the Company’s critical accounting policy for revenue recognition. Our other critical accounting policies are described in the MD&A section of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on February 22, 2018 . With the exception of the changes to our revenue recognition policy referenced above, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 .

Recently Adopted and Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements, including pronouncements that were adopted in the current period.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market Risk

Our financial market risk consists primarily of interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risk.

Interest Rate Risk

As of September 30, 2018 , the interest rate charged on the new Term B Loan was 6.39% . The interest rate was calculated based on the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) with a minimum floor of 1.00% plus 4.00% .

Based on the principal amount outstanding at September 30, 2018 , a one percentage point increase or decrease in the Eurodollar Rate would have increased or decreased our annual interest expense by approximately $3.9 million , based on the September 30, 2018 Adjusted Eurodollar Rate.

Currency Exchange Risk

We are exposed to currency risk from potential changes in currency values of our non-United States dollar denominated expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows. Our most significant currency exposure relates to the Indian rupee. Based on expenses incurred in Indian rupees during the third quarter of 2018 , a one percentage point increase or decrease in value of the Indian rupee in relation to the United States dollar would increase or decrease our annual expenses by approximately $0.9 million .

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures


a)	Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of September 30, 2018 , an evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, such officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2018 .


b)	Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 , that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Litigation

Regulatory Matters

Periodically, we are subject to audits, examinations and investigations by federal, state and local governmental authorities and receive subpoenas, civil investigative demands or other requests for information from such governmental authorities in connection with their regulatory or investigative authority. We are currently responding to such inquiries from governmental authorities relating to certain aspects of our business. We believe it is premature to predict the potential outcome or to estimate any potential financial impact in connection with these inquiries.

As previously disclosed, the Company received a Notice and Opportunity to Respond and Advise (“NORA”) letter on November 10, 2016 from the CFPB indicating that the CFPB was considering a potential enforcement action against Altisource relating to an alleged violation of federal law focused on REALServicing and certain other technology services provided to Ocwen, including claims related to the features, functioning and support of such technology. The NORA process provides the recipient an opportunity to present its positions to the CFPB before an enforcement action is recommended or commenced. On December 5, 2016, we provided a written response to the NORA letter setting forth the legal, policy and factual reasons why we believe an enforcement action is not warranted. By letter dated April 3, 2018, the CFPB informed the Company that the investigation of the Company has been completed and the staff of the CFPB’s Office of Enforcement currently does not intend to recommend that the CFPB take enforcement action, and further that the Company is relieved of the document-retention obligations pursuant to the civil investigative process.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

As of the date of this filing, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on February 22, 2018 , except as discussed in our Form 10‑Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018 at Part II, Item 1A.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table presents information related to our repurchases of our equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2018 :



Period	Total number of shares purchased ⁽¹⁾	Weighted average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs ⁽²⁾	Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs ⁽²⁾

Common stock:
July 1 – 31, 2018	21,007	$	30.93	21,007	4,156,739
August 1 – 31, 2018	—	—		—	4,156,739
September 1 – 30, 2018	—	—		—	4,156,739

	21,007	$	30.93	21,007	4,156,739


⁽¹⁾	In addition to the repurchases included in the table above, 5,991 common shares were withheld from employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations that arose from the vesting of restricted shares.


⁽²⁾	On May 15, 2018 , our shareholders approved the renewal of the share repurchase program originally approved by the shareholders on May 17, 2017 , which replaced the previous share repurchase program and authorizes us to purchase up to 4.3 million shares of our common stock in the open market, subject to certain parameters.

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Item 6. Exhibits



Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description

10.1 *†		Mutual Consent to Termination of Employment Agreement and Full Release dated as of August 31, 2018 between Altisource S.à r.l. and Indroneel Chatterjee

10.2 *†		Employment Agreement dated as of September 1, 2018 between Altisource Solutions, Inc. and Indroneel Chatterjee

10.3		Omnibus Amendment to Master Services Agreement, Waiver Agreement, Services Letter and Fee Letter, dated August 8, 2018 among Altisource S.à r.l. and Front Yard Residential Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 9, 2018)

10.4 *		Fourth Amendment to the Cooperative Brokerage Agreement, dated as of September 11, 2018, between REALHome Services and Solutions, Inc., REALHome Services and Solutions - CT, Inc. and New Residential Sales Corp.

10.5 *†		Settlement Agreement and Full Release dated as of October 16, 2018 between Altisource S.à r.l. and Joseph A. Davila

31.1 *		Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)

31.2 *		Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)

32.1 *		Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101 *		Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, the following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2018 is formatted in XBRL interactive data files: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

______________________________________
*		Filed herewith.
†		Denotes a management contract or compensatory arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
		(Registrant)

Date:	October 25, 2018	By:	/s/ Michelle D. Esterman
			Michelle D. Esterman
			Chief Financial Officer
			(On behalf of the Registrant and as its Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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Part I Financial Information Item 1. Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)Note 1 Organization and Basis Of Presentation Note 2 Customer Concentration Note 3 Sale Of Business Note 4 Investment in Equity Securities Note 5 Accounts Receivable, Net Note 6 Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Note 7 Premises and Equipment, Net Note 8 Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net Note 9 Other Assets Note 10 Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Note 11 Long-term Debt Note 12 Other Non-current Liabilities Note 13 Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments Note 14 Shareholders Equity and Share-based Compensation Note 15 Revenue Note 16 Cost Of Revenue Note 17 Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Note 18 Other Income (expense), Net Note 19 Earnings Per Share Note 20 Restructuring Charges Note 21 Commitments, Contingencies and Regulatory Matters Note 22 Segment Reporting Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

10.1* Mutual Consent to Termination of Employment Agreement and Full Release dated as of August 31, 2018 between Altisource S. r.l. and Indroneel Chatterjee 10.2* Employment Agreement dated as of September 1, 2018 between Altisource Solutions, Inc. and Indroneel Chatterjee 10.3 Omnibus Amendment to Master Services Agreement, Waiver Agreement, Services Letter and Fee Letter, dated August 8, 2018 among Altisource S. r.l. and Front Yard Residential Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Companys Form 8-K filed on August 9, 2018) 10.4* Fourth Amendment to the Cooperative Brokerage Agreement, dated as of September11, 2018, between REALHome Services and Solutions, Inc., REALHome Services and Solutions - CT, Inc. and New Residential Sales Corp. 10.5* Settlement Agreement and Full Release dated as of October 16, 2018 between Altisource S. r.l. and Joseph A. Davila 31.1* Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) 31.2* Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) 32.1* Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

ASPS 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2018

Exhibits