AVB 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2014 | Alphaminr
AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES INC
ALPHAMINR

AVB 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2014

Balance Sheet
Cash Flow
Income Statement
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10-Q 1 q3201410-q.htm 10-Q Q3 2014 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2014
Commission file number 1-12672
AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland
77-0404318
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
Identification No.)
Ballston Tower
671 N. Glebe Rd, Suite 800
Arlington, Virginia  22203
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(703) 329-6300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve (12) months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past ninety (90) days.
Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Exchange registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) o
Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes o No ý
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date:

132,008,021 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding as of October 31, 2014


AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
PAGE
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS





AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
9/30/2014
12/31/2013
(unaudited)
ASSETS


Real estate:


Land
$
3,436,853

$
3,262,616

Buildings and improvements
12,098,294

11,059,001

Furniture, fixtures and equipment
388,566

340,461

15,923,713

14,662,078

Less accumulated depreciation
(2,799,679
)
(2,476,729
)
Net operating real estate
13,124,034

12,185,349

Construction in progress, including land
1,343,157

1,582,906

Land held for development
176,484

300,364

Operating real estate assets held for sale, net
80,624

215,590

Total real estate, net
14,724,299

14,284,209

Cash and cash equivalents
440,028

281,355

Cash in escrow
95,664

98,564

Resident security deposits
29,604

26,672

Investments in unconsolidated real estate entities
304,795

367,866

Deferred financing costs, net
39,329

40,677

Deferred development costs
36,945

31,592

Prepaid expenses and other assets
210,514

197,208

Total assets
$
15,881,178

$
15,328,143

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY


Unsecured notes, net
$
2,695,299

$
2,594,709

Variable rate unsecured credit facility
—

—

Mortgage notes payable
3,546,469

3,539,642

Dividends payable
153,125

138,476

Payables for construction
98,095

94,632

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
250,440

240,606

Accrued interest payable
28,857

43,175

Resident security deposits
49,425

44,823

Liabilities related to real estate assets held for sale
1,590

15,033

Total liabilities
6,823,300

6,711,096

Redeemable noncontrolling interests
12,596

17,320

Equity:


Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; $25 liquidation preference; 50,000,000 shares authorized at both September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013; zero shares issued and outstanding at both September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013
—

—

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 280,000,000 shares authorized at both September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013; 132,006,835 and 129,416,695 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively
1,320

1,294

Additional paid-in capital
9,344,198

8,988,723

Accumulated earnings less dividends
(256,162
)
(345,254
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(44,074
)
(48,631
)
Total stockholders' equity
9,045,282

8,596,132

Noncontrolling interests
—

3,595

Total equity
9,045,282

8,599,727

Total liabilities and equity
$
15,881,178

$
15,328,143

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

1

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
Revenue:


Rental and other income
$
428,022

$
386,175

$
1,236,154

$
1,060,554

Management, development and other fees
2,503

3,014

8,253

8,198

Total revenue
430,525

389,189

1,244,407

1,068,752

Expenses:


Operating expenses, excluding property taxes
105,212

96,857

304,812

256,549

Property taxes
44,996

42,184

131,920

115,096

Interest expense, net
46,376

43,945

132,631

127,772

Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
—

—

412

—

Loss on interest rate contract
—

53,484

—

51,000

Depreciation expense
111,836

159,873

328,598

455,410

General and administrative expense
11,290

9,878

30,745

31,262

Expensed acquisition, development and other pursuit costs
406

2,176

3,139

46,041

Total expenses
320,116

408,397

932,257

1,083,130

Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated real estate entities
130,592

3,260

143,527

(16,244
)
Gain on sale of land
—

—

—

240

Gain on sale of communities
—

—

60,945

—

Income (loss) from continuing operations
241,001

(15,948
)
516,622

(30,382
)
Discontinued operations:


Income from discontinued operations
—

5,063

310

12,890

Gain on sale of discontinued operations
—

—

37,869

118,173

Total discontinued operations
—

5,063

38,179

131,063

Net income (loss)
241,001

(10,885
)
554,801

100,681

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests
99

170

(13,872
)
248

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$
241,100

$
(10,715
)
$
540,929

$
100,929

Other comprehensive income:


Cash flow hedge losses reclassified to earnings
1,546

54,948

4,557

57,913

Comprehensive income
$
242,646

$
44,233

$
545,486

$
158,842

Earnings per common share - basic:


Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders
$
1.83

$
(0.12
)
$
3.86

$
(0.24
)
Discontinued operations attributable to common stockholders
—

0.04

0.29

1.04

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$
1.83

$
(0.08
)
$
4.15

$
0.80

Earnings per common share - diluted:


Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders
$
1.83

$
(0.12
)
$
3.85

$
(0.24
)
Discontinued operations attributable to common stockholders
—

0.04

0.29

1.04

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$
1.83

$
(0.08
)
$
4.14

$
0.80

Dividends per common share
$
1.16

$
1.07

$
3.48

$
3.21


See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
$
554,801

$
100,681

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation expense
328,598

455,410

Depreciation expense from discontinued operations
—

13,154

Amortization of deferred financing costs
4,763

5,067

Amortization of debt premium
(26,271
)
(20,898
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
412

—

Amortization of stock-based compensation
10,354

8,720

Equity in (income) loss of, and return on, unconsolidated real estate entities and noncontrolling interests, net of eliminations
2,911

45,215

Abandonment of development pursuits
1,455

—

Cash flow hedge losses reclassified to earnings
4,557

57,913

Gain on sale of real estate assets
(98,814
)
(118,413
)
Gain on sale of joint venture real estate assets
(130,386
)
(12,667
)
Decrease (increase) in cash in operating escrows
771

(12,883
)
Increase in resident security deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets
(12,808
)
(66,709
)
Increase in accrued expenses, other liabilities and accrued interest payable
1,086

15,333

Net cash provided by operating activities
641,429

469,923

Cash flows from investing activities:
Development/redevelopment of real estate assets including land acquisitions and deferred development costs
(861,466
)
(908,215
)
Acquisition of real estate assets, including partnership interest
—

(749,275
)
Capital expenditures - existing real estate assets
(33,324
)
(10,527
)
Capital expenditures - non-real estate assets
(5,776
)
(7,286
)
Proceeds from sale of real estate, net of selling costs
186,651

432,380

Mortgage note receivable repayment
21,748

—

Increase in payables for construction
3,463

31,124

Decrease in investments in unconsolidated real estate entities
192,209

16,788

Net cash used in investing activities
(496,495
)
(1,195,011
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of common stock
340,091

2,874

Dividends paid
(440,632
)
(387,658
)
Issuance of mortgage notes payable
53,000

71,210

Repayments of mortgage notes payable, including prepayment penalties
(28,718
)
(1,789,399
)
Settlement of interest rate contract
—

(51,000
)
Issuance of unsecured notes
250,000

400,000

Repayment of unsecured notes
(150,000
)
(100,000
)
Payment of deferred financing costs
(3,414
)
(6,093
)
Acquisition of joint venture partner equity interest
—

(1,965
)
Distributions to DownREIT partnership unitholders
(26
)
(24
)
Distributions to joint venture and profit-sharing partners
(262
)
(238
)
Redemption of preferred interest obligation
(6,300
)
(33,327
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
13,739

(1,895,620
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
158,673

(2,620,708
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
281,355

2,733,618

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
440,028

$
112,910

Cash paid during the period for interest, net of amount capitalized
$
154,653

$
137,081

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 :
•
As described in Note 4, “Equity,” 113,822 shares of common stock were issued as part of the Company's stock based compensation plan, of which 16,209 shares related to the conversion of restricted stock units to restricted shares, and the remaining 97,613 shares valued at $12,605,000 were issued in connection with new stock grants; 1,868 shares valued at $250,000 were issued through the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan; 53,983 shares valued at $4,701,000 were withheld to satisfy employees’ tax withholding and other liabilities; and 200 restricted shares as well as restricted stock units with an aggregate value of $1,826,000 previously issued in connection with employee compensation were canceled upon forfeiture.
•
Common dividends declared but not paid totaled $153,125,000 .
•
The Company recorded a decrease of $4,088,000 in redeemable noncontrolling interest with a corresponding increase to accumulated earnings less dividends to adjust the redemption value associated with the put options held by joint venture partners and DownREIT partnership units.  For further discussion of the nature and valuation of these items, see Note 11, “Fair Value.”
•
The Company reclassified $4,557,000 of cash flow hedge losses from other comprehensive income to interest expense, net, to record the impact of the Company’s derivative and hedge accounting activity.
•
The Company derecognized $17,816,000 in noncontrolling interest in conjunction with the deconsolidation of a Fund I subsidiary.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 :
•
The Company issued 14,889,706 shares of common stock valued at $1,875,210,000 as partial consideration for the Archstone Acquisition (as defined in this Form 10-Q); 123,977 shares of common stock valued at $16,019,000 were issued in connection with stock grants; 1,465 shares valued at $200,000 were issued through the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan; 44,750 shares valued at $5,706,000 were withheld to satisfy employees’ tax withholding and other liabilities; and 5,214 shares and options valued at $780,000 previously issued in connection with employee compensation were forfeited. In addition, the Company granted 215,230 options for common stock at a value of $5,768,000 .
•
The Company reclassified $4,429,000 of deferred cash flow hedge losses from other comprehensive income to interest expense, net, and $53,484,000 to loss on interest rate contract, to record the impact of the Company's derivative and hedge accounting activity.
•
Common dividends declared but not paid totaled $138,459,000 .
•
The Company recorded $13,262,000 in redeemable noncontrolling interests associated with the acquisition of consolidated joint ventures as part of the Archstone Acquisition.  The Company also recorded an increase of $441,000 in redeemable noncontrolling interest with a corresponding decrease to accumulated earnings less dividends to adjust the redemption value associated with the put option held by a joint venture partner and DownREIT partnership units.
•
The Company assumed secured indebtedness with a principal amount of $3,512,202,000 in conjunction with the Archstone Acquisition.  The Company also assumed an obligation related to outstanding preferred interests of approximately $67,500,000 , included in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

4

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Organization and Basis of Presentation
AvalonBay Communities, Inc. (the “Company,” which term, unless the context otherwise requires, refers to AvalonBay Communities, Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries), is a Maryland corporation that has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”). The Company focuses on the development, acquisition, ownership and operation of apartment communities primarily in high barrier to entry markets of the United States. The Company’s primary markets are located in New England, the New York/New Jersey Metro area, the Mid-Atlantic, the Pacific Northwest and the Northern and Southern California regions of the United States.
At September 30, 2014 , the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in 247 operating apartment communities containing 73,182 apartment homes in 11 states and the District of Columbia, of which six communities containing 2,094 apartment homes were under reconstruction. In addition, the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in 27 communities under construction that are expected to contain an aggregate of 9,151 apartment homes when completed. The Company also owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in land or rights to land on which the Company expects to develop an additional 39 communities that, if developed as expected, will contain an estimated 10,707 apartment homes.
The interim unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. Management believes the disclosures are adequate to ensure the information presented is not misleading.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments and eliminations, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods, have been included.
Capitalized terms used without definition have meanings provided elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.
Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. All outstanding unvested restricted share awards contain rights to non-forfeitable dividends and participate in undistributed earnings with common shareholders and, accordingly, are considered participating securities that are included in the two-class method of computing basic earnings per share (“EPS”). Both the unvested restricted shares and other potentially dilutive common shares, and the related impact to earnings, are considered when calculating earnings per share on a diluted basis. The Company’s earnings per common share are determined as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

5

For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
Basic and diluted shares outstanding


Weighted average common shares - basic
131,330,078

129,208,839

130,165,873

126,057,793

Weighted average DownREIT units outstanding
7,500

7,500

7,500

7,500

Effect of dilutive securities (1)
568,417

—

554,627

411,821

Weighted average common shares - diluted
131,905,995

129,216,339

130,728,000

126,477,114

Calculation of Earnings per Share - basic


Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$
241,100

$
(10,715
)
$
540,929

$
100,929

Net income (loss) allocated to unvested restricted shares
(366
)
16

(858
)
(166
)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, adjusted
$
240,734

$
(10,699
)
$
540,071

$
100,763

Weighted average common shares - basic
131,330,078

129,208,839

130,165,873

126,057,793

Earnings (loss) per common share - basic
$
1.83

$
(0.08
)
$
4.15

$
0.80

Calculation of Earnings per Share - diluted


Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$
241,100

$
(10,715
)
$
540,929

$
100,929

Add: noncontrolling interests of DownREIT unitholders in consolidated partnerships, including discontinued operations
9

8

26

24

Adjusted net income (loss) available to common stockholders
$
241,109

$
(10,707
)
$
540,955

$
100,953

Weighted average common shares - diluted
131,905,995

129,216,339

130,728,000

126,477,114

Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted
$
1.83

$
(0.08
)
$
4.14

$
0.80

____________________________
(1) Securities considered antidilutive for the three months ended September 30, 2013 due to the Company's recognition of a net loss.
Certain options to purchase shares of common stock in the amounts of 1,499 and 605,899 were outstanding at September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because such options were anti-dilutive for the respective quarters.
The Company is required to estimate the forfeiture of stock options and recognize compensation cost net of the estimated forfeitures.  The estimated forfeitures included in compensation cost are adjusted to reflect actual forfeitures at the end of the vesting period.  The forfeiture rate at September 30, 2014 is based on the average forfeiture activity over a period equal to the estimated life of the stock options, and was 1.4% . The application of estimated forfeitures did not materially impact compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 or 2013 .
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company enters into interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements (collectively, “Hedging Derivatives”) for interest rate risk management purposes and in conjunction with certain variable rate secured debt to satisfy lender requirements.  The Company does not enter into Hedging Derivatives transactions for trading or other speculative purposes. The Company assesses both at inception, and on an on-going basis, the effectiveness of qualifying cash flow and fair value hedges. Hedge ineffectiveness is reported as a component of general and administrative expenses. The fair values of Hedging Derivatives that are in an asset position are recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets. The fair value of Hedging Derivatives that are in a liability position are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities. Fair value changes for derivatives that are not in qualifying hedge relationships are reported as a component of interest expense, net.  For Hedging Derivatives that the Company has determined qualify as effective

6

cash flow hedges, the Company has recorded the effective portion of cumulative changes in the fair value of Hedging Derivatives in other comprehensive income.  Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income will be reclassified into earnings in the periods in which earnings are affected by the hedged cash flow. The effective portion of the change in fair value of Hedging Derivatives that the Company has determined qualified as effective fair value hedges is reported as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the corresponding debt being hedged.
Legal and Other Contingencies
The Company is involved in various claims and/or administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. While no assurances can be given, the Company does not believe that any of these outstanding litigation matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Acquisitions of Investments in Real Estate
The Company accounts for acquisitions of investments in real estate in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the initial measurement, which requires the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree to be recognized at fair value. Typical assets and liabilities acquired include land, building, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above or below market leases and in-place leases.  In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, the Company utilizes various sources, including its own analysis of recently acquired and existing comparable properties in its portfolio and other market data.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to amounts in prior years’ financial statements to conform to current year presentations as a result of discontinued operations and changes in held for sale classification as described in Note 7, “Real Estate Disposition Activities.”
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-08, guidance updating the accounting and reporting for discontinued operations. Under the recently issued guidance, only disposals representing a strategic shift in operations (e.g., a disposal of a major geographic area, a major line of business or a major equity method investment) will be presented as discontinued operations. Additionally, the final standard requires expanded disclosures about dispositions that will provide financial statement users with more information about the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of discontinued operations, as well as disposals of a significant part of an entity that does not qualify for discontinued operations reporting. The final standard is effective in the first quarter of 2015 and allows for early adoption. The Company adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2014, as discussed in Note 7, “Real Estate Disposition Activities.”
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued a revenue recognition standard that will result in companies recognizing revenue from contracts when control for the service or product that is the subject of the contract is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The Company will be required to apply the new standard in the first quarter of 2017 and is assessing whether the new standard will have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.
2. Interest Capitalized
The Company capitalizes interest during the development and redevelopment of real estate assets. Capitalized interest associated with the Company’s development or redevelopment activities totaled $15,989,000 and $17,205,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively, and $54,294,000 and $47,168,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively.

7

3. Notes Payable, Unsecured Notes and Credit Facility
The Company’s mortgage notes payable, unsecured notes, Term Loan and Credit Facility, both as defined below, as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 , are summarized below (dollars in thousands).  The following amounts and discussion do not include the mortgage notes related to the communities classified as held for sale, if any, as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 , as shown in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (dollars in thousands) (see Note 7, “Real Estate Disposition Activities”).
9/30/2014
12/31/2013
Fixed rate unsecured notes (1)
$
2,450,000

$
2,600,000

Term Loan
250,000

—

Fixed rate mortgage notes payable - conventional and tax-exempt (2)
2,405,000

2,418,389

Variable rate mortgage notes payable - conventional and tax-exempt
1,048,118

1,011,609

Total mortgage notes payable and unsecured notes
6,153,118

6,029,998

Credit Facility
—

—

Total mortgage notes payable, unsecured notes and Credit Facility
$
6,153,118

$
6,029,998

_____________________________________
(1)
Balances at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 exclude $4,701 and $5,291 of debt discount, respectively, as reflected in unsecured notes, net on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)
Balances at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 exclude $93,351 and $120,684 of debt premium, respectively, as reflected in mortgage notes payable on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following debt activity occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 :
•
In March 2014, the Company entered into a $300,000,000 variable rate unsecured term loan that matures in March 2021 (the “Term Loan”).  At September 30, 2014 , the Company had drawn $250,000,000 of the available $300,000,000 , with the option to draw the additional $50,000,000 until March 2015.
•
In April 2014, in conjunction with certain requirements associated with the development of an apartment community, the Company entered into a $53,000,000 secured mortgage loan maturing in 2019, with an option to extend the maturity to 2024.  The mortgage is comprised of a $15,000,000 fixed rate note with an interest rate of 2.99% and a $38,000,000 variable rate note at the London Interbank Offered Rate (" LIBOR ") plus 2.00% .
•
Pursuant to its scheduled maturity in April 2014, the Company repaid $150,000,000 principal amount of unsecured notes with a stated coupon of 5.375% .
•
In June 2014, in conjunction with the disposition of an operating community, the Company repaid a fixed rate secured mortgage loan in the amount of $10,427,000 with an interest rate of 6.19% in advance of its November 2015 maturity date. In accordance with the requirements of the master credit agreement governing this and certain other secured borrowings, the Company repaid an additional $5,914,000 principal amount of secured borrowings for eight other operating communities. The Company incurred a charge for early debt extinguishment of $412,000 .
The Company has a $1,300,000,000 revolving variable rate unsecured credit facility with a syndicate of banks (the “Credit Facility”) which matures in April 2017. The Company has the option to extend the maturity by up to one year under two , six month extension options for an aggregate fee of $1,950,000 . The Credit Facility bears interest at varying levels based on the LIBOR rating levels achieved on the unsecured notes and on a maturity schedule selected by the Company. The current stated pricing is LIBOR plus 1.05% ( 1.20% at September 30, 2014 ), assuming a one month borrowing rate.  The annual facility fee is approximately $1,950,000 based on the $1,300,000,000 facility size and based on the Company’s current credit rating.
The Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility and had $52,347,000 and $65,018,000 outstanding in letters of credit that reduced the borrowing capacity as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 , respectively.
In the aggregate, secured notes payable mature at various dates from November 2015 through July 2066, and are secured by certain apartment communities and improved land parcels (with a net carrying value of $4,440,175,000 excluding communities classified as held for sale, as of September 30, 2014 ).

8

As of September 30, 2014 , the Company has guaranteed approximately $257,970,000 of mortgage notes payable held by wholly-owned subsidiaries; all such mortgage notes payable are consolidated for financial reporting purposes.  The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s fixed rate mortgage notes payable (conventional and tax-exempt) was 4.5% at both September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 .  The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s variable rate mortgage notes payable (conventional and tax exempt), the Term Loan and its Credit Facility, including the effect of certain financing related fees, was 1.8% at both September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 .
Scheduled payments and maturities of mortgage notes payable and unsecured notes outstanding at September 30, 2014 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
Year
Secured notes payments
Secured notes maturities
Unsecured notes maturities
Stated interest rate of unsecured notes
2014
$
4,641

$
—

$
—

—

2015
17,871

586,703

—

—

2016
19,036

16,255

250,000

5.750
%
2017
20,257

710,491

250,000

5.700
%
2018
19,646

76,930

—

—

2019
7,145

658,475

—

—

2020
6,205

50,824

250,000

6.100
%


400,000

3.625
%
2021
5,985

27,844

250,000

3.950
%


250,000

LIBOR + 1.45%

2022
6,352

—

450,000

2.950
%
2023
6,596

—

350,000

4.200
%


250,000

2.850
%
Thereafter
85,973

1,125,889

—

—

$
199,707

$
3,253,411

$
2,700,000


The Company was in compliance at September 30, 2014 with certain customary financial and other covenants under the Credit Facility, the Term Loan, and the Company’s fixed-rate unsecured notes.

9

4. Equity
The following summarizes the changes in equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 (dollars in thousands):
Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Accumulated
earnings
less
dividends
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
Total
AvalonBay
stockholders’
equity
Noncontrolling
interests
Total
equity
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
1,294

$
8,988,723

$
(345,254
)
$
(48,631
)
$
8,596,132

$
3,595

$
8,599,727

Net income attributable to common stockholders
—

—

540,929

—

540,929

—

540,929

Cash flow hedge loss reclassified to earnings
—

—

—

4,557

4,557

—

4,557

Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest
—

—

4,088

—

4,088

—

4,088

Noncontrolling interests income allocation
—

—

—

—

—

14,221

14,221

Noncontrolling interests derecognition
—

—

—

—

—

(17,816
)
(17,816
)
Dividends declared to common stockholders
—

—

(455,531
)
—

(455,531
)
—

(455,531
)
Issuance of common stock, net of withholdings
26

334,207

(394
)
—

333,839

—

333,839

Amortization of deferred compensation
—

21,268

—

—

21,268

—

21,268

Balance at September 30, 2014
$
1,320

$
9,344,198

$
(256,162
)
$
(44,074
)
$
9,045,282

$
—

$
9,045,282

As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 , the Company’s charter had authorized for issuance a total of 280,000,000 shares of common stock and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , the Company:
(i) issued 2,069,538 common shares through public offerings under CEP III, discussed below;
(ii) issued 454,728 common shares in connection with stock options exercised;
(iii)         issued 1,868 common shares through the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan;
(iv) issued 113,822 common shares in connection with stock grants and the conversion of restricted stock units to restricted
shares;
(v) issued 4,367 common shares through the Employee Stock Purchase Program;
(vi) withheld 53,983 common shares to satisfy employees’ tax withholding and other liabilities; and
(vii)        canceled 200 shares of restricted stock upon forfeiture.

Any deferred compensation related to the Company’s stock option and restricted stock grants during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is not reflected on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2014 , and will not be reflected until earned as compensation cost.
In August 2012, the Company commenced a third continuous equity program (“CEP III”), under which the Company may sell up to $750,000,000 of shares of its common stock from time to time during a 36 -month period.  Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company, including market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common stock and determinations by the Company of the appropriate sources of funding for the Company. In conjunction with CEP III, the Company engaged sales agents who receive compensation of approximately 1.5% of the gross sales price for shares sold.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , the Company sold 650,579 and 2,069,538 shares at an average sales price of $153.68 and $144.95 per share, for net proceeds of $98,481,000 and $295,465,000 , respectively. As of September 30, 2014 , the Company had $346,304,000 of shares remaining authorized for issuance under this program.
On September 9, 2014, based on a market closing price of $155.83 per share on that date, the Company entered into a forward contract to sell 4,500,000 shares of common stock for an initial forward price of $151.74 per share, net of offering fees and discounts. The sales price and proceeds achieved by the Company will be determined on the date or dates of settlement, with adjustments during the term of the contract for the Company’s dividends as well as for a daily interest factor that varies with changes in the Fed Funds rate. The Company generally has the ability to determine the date(s) and method of settlement, subject

10

to certain conditions and the right of the forward counterparty to accelerate settlement under certain circumstances. Settlement may be (i) physical sale of shares of our common stock for cash, (ii) net cash settlement, whereby the Company will either pay or receive the difference between the forward contract price and the weighted average market price for its common stock at the time of settlement, or (iii) net share settlement, whereby the Company will either receive or issue shares of its common stock, with the number of shares issued or received determined by the difference between the forward contract price and the weighted average market price for its common stock at the time of settlement. The forward contract price and the weighted average market price would in both cases by determined under the applicable terms of the forward contract. Under either of the net settlement provisions, the Company will pay to the counterparty either cash or shares of its common stock when the weighted average market price of its common stock at the time of settlement exceeds the forward contract price, and will receive either cash or issue shares of its common stock to the extent that the weighted average market price of its common stock at the time of settlement is less than the price under the forward contract. Settlement of the forward contract will occur on one or more dates not later than September 8, 2015.

5. Archstone Acquisition
On February 27, 2013, pursuant to an asset purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated November 26, 2012, by and among the Company, Equity Residential and its operating partnership, ERP Operating Limited Partnership (together, “Equity Residential”), Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. (“Lehman,” which term is sometimes used in this report to refer to Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc., and/or its relevant subsidiary or subsidiaries), and Archstone Enterprise LP (“Archstone,” which has since changed its name to Jupiter Enterprise LP), the Company, together with Equity Residential, acquired, directly or indirectly, all of Archstone’s assets, including all of the ownership interests in joint ventures and other entities owned by Archstone, and assumed Archstone’s liabilities, both known and unknown, with certain limited exceptions.
Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired approximately 40% of Archstone’s assets and liabilities and Equity Residential acquired approximately 60% of Archstone’s assets and liabilities (the “Archstone Acquisition”). The Company accounted for the acquisition as a business combination and recorded the purchase price to acquired tangible assets consisting primarily of direct and indirect interests in land and related improvements, buildings and improvements and construction in progress and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting primarily of the value of above and below market leases, the value of in-places leases, and acquired management fees, at their fair values.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , the Company recognized $82,544,000 in acquisition related expenses associated with the Archstone Acquisition, with $37,295,000 reported as a component of equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated real estate entities, and the balance in expensed acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
Consideration
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and separate arrangements between the Company and Equity Residential governing the allocation of liabilities assumed under the Purchase Agreement, the Company’s portion of consideration under the Purchase Agreement consisted of the following:
•
the issuance of 14,889,706 shares of the Company’s common stock, valued at $1,875,210,000 as of the market’s close on the closing date, February 27, 2013;
•
cash payment of approximately $760,000,000 ;
•
the assumption of consolidated indebtedness with a fair value of approximately $3,732,980,000 , as of February 27, 2013, consisting of $3,512,202,000 principal amount of consolidated indebtedness and $220,777,000 representing the amount by which fair value of the aforementioned debt exceeded the principal face value, $70,479,000 of which excess related to debt the Company repaid concurrent with the Archstone Acquisition;
•
the acquisition with Equity Residential of interests in entities that have preferred units outstanding, some of which may be presented for redemption from time to time. The Company’s 40% share of the fair value of the collective obligations, including accrued dividends on these outstanding Archstone preferred units as of February 27, 2013, was approximately $67,500,000 ; and
•
the assumption with Equity Residential of all other liabilities, known or unknown, of Archstone, other than certain excluded liabilities. The Company shares 40% of the responsibility for these liabilities.

11

The following table presents information for assets acquired in the Archstone Acquisition that are included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income from the closing date of the acquisition, February 27, 2013, through September 30, 2013 (in thousands):
For the period including
February 28, 2013
through September 30, 2013
Revenues
$
246,969

Loss attributable to common shareholders (1)
$
(128,542
)
________________________________________
(1) Amounts exclude acquisition costs for the Archstone Acquisition.
Pro Forma Information
The following table presents the Company’s supplemental consolidated pro forma information for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2012 (unaudited) (in thousands):
For the nine months
ended September 30, 2013
Revenues
$
1,152,418

Income from continuing operations
$
242,647

Earnings per common share - diluted (from continuing operations)
$
1.87

The pro forma consolidated results are prepared for informational purposes only, and are based on assumptions and estimates considered appropriate by the Company’s management.  However, they are not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations actually would have been assuming the Archstone Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2012, nor do they purport to represent the consolidated financial position or results of operations for future periods.
6. Investments in Real Estate Entities
Investment in unconsolidated real estate entities
As of September 30, 2014 , the Company had investments in seven unconsolidated real estate entities, excluding an interest in the Residual JV (as defined in this Form 10-Q), with ownership interest percentages ranging from 15.2% to 31.3% . As discussed below, two of these entities disposed of their investments in real estate during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The Company accounts for its investments in unconsolidated real estate entities under the equity method of accounting. The significant accounting policies of the Company’s unconsolidated real estate entities are consistent with those of the Company in all material respects.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , AvalonBay Value Added Fund I, L.P. ("Fund I") sold its four final apartment communities.
•
Weymouth Place, located in Weymouth, MA, containing 211 apartment homes was sold for $25,750,000 . The Company's share of the gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $545,000 .
•
South Hills Apartments, located in West Covina, CA, containing 85 apartment homes was sold for $21,800,000 . The Company's share of the gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $54,000 .
•
The Springs, located in Corona, CA. containing 320 apartment homes was sold for $43,200,000 . The Company's share of the gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $2,373,000 .
•
Avalon Rutherford Station, located in East Rutherford, NJ, containing 108 homes was sold for $34,250,000 . The Company's share of the gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $345,000 .


12

The net assets and results of operations of The Springs were consolidated for financial reporting purposes. As a result, 100% of the gain recognized of $16,656,000 is included in gain on sale of communities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, and the Company's joint venture partners' 84.8% interest in this gain of $14,132,000 is reported as a component of net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests. Concurrent with the disposition of The Springs, Fund I repaid its obligation to the Company under a fixed rate secured mortgage loan in the amount of $21,748,000 with an interest rate of 6.06% in advance of its October 2014 maturity date. Upon repayment the Company deconsolidated the net assets of The Springs.
Fund I has a term that expires in March 2015.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , AvalonBay Value Added Fund II, L.P. ("Fund II") sold two communities.
•
Avalon Bellevue Park, located in Bellevue, WA, containing 220 apartment homes was sold for $58,750,000 . The Company's share of the gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $8,450,000 .
•
Avalon Fair Oaks, located in Fairfax, VA, containing 491 apartment homes was sold for $108,200,000 . The Company's share of the gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $13,174,000 .
During the three months ended September 30, 2014 , CVP I, LLC, the entity that owned Avalon Chrystie Place, located in New York, NY containing 361 apartment homes and approximately 71,000 square feet of retail space, sold the community for $365,000,000 . The Company owned a 20.0% interest in the entity, and its share of the gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $50,478,000 . In addition, the Company earned $57,489,000 for its promoted interest in CVP I, LLC, reported in equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated real estate entities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
In conjunction with the disposition of these communities, the respective ventures repaid $198,961,000 of related secured indebtedness in advance of the scheduled maturity dates. This resulted in charges for prepayment penalties and a write off of deferred financing costs, of which the Company’s portion was approximately $2,339,000 and was reported as a reduction of equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated real estate entities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. In addition, during the three months ended September 30, 2014 , Fund II repaid an outstanding mortgage note at par in the amount of $42,023,000 , in advance of its November 2014 maturity date.

As of September 30, 2014 , the Residual JV completed the disposition of substantially all of its direct and indirect interests in German multifamily real estate assets and the associated property management company.  The Company’s proportionate share of income from the Residual JV (including from gains from dispositions) from its interests in German multifamily real estate assets was $7,548,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , recorded as a component of equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated real estate entities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company received proceeds of $8,249,000 and $51,361,000 , respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 from the Residual JV, for its proportionate share of the proceeds from operations and the dispositions of the venture's interest in German multifamily real estate assets.
The following is a combined summary of the financial position of the entities accounted for using the equity method as of the dates presented, excluding amounts associated with the Residual JV (dollars in thousands):
9/30/2014
12/31/2013
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
Assets:


Real estate, net
$
1,624,119

$
1,905,005

Other assets
92,521

164,183

Total assets
$
1,716,640

$
2,069,188

Liabilities and partners’ capital:


Mortgage notes payable and credit facility
$
982,246

$
1,251,067

Other liabilities
34,846

32,257

Partners’ capital
699,548

785,864

Total liabilities and partners’ capital
$
1,716,640

$
2,069,188


13

The following is a combined summary of the operating results of the entities accounted for using the equity method for the periods presented, excluding amounts associated with the Residual JV (dollars in thousands):
For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
Rental and other income
$
49,388

$
56,613

$
154,034

$
157,938

Operating and other expenses
(19,989
)
(22,915
)
(61,680
)
(63,731
)
Gain on sale of communities
327,539

5,395

333,221

70,662

Interest expense, net
(22,922
)
(15,376
)
(50,335
)
(46,474
)
Depreciation expense
(11,934
)
(15,668
)
(40,214
)
(46,602
)
Net income
$
322,082

$
8,049

$
335,026

$
71,793

In conjunction with the formation of Fund I and Fund II, the Company incurred costs in excess of its equity in the underlying net assets of the respective investments. These costs represent $4,108,000 at September 30, 2014 and $5,439,000 at December 31, 2013 of the respective investment balances.
As part of the formation of Fund II, the Company provided a guarantee to one of the limited partners that provides if, upon final liquidation of Fund II, the total amount of all distributions to the guaranteed partner during the life of Fund II (whether from operating cash flow or property sales) does not equal the total capital contributions made by that partner, then the Company will pay the guaranteed partner an amount equal to the shortfall, but in no event more than 10% of the total capital contributions made by the guaranteed partner (maximum of approximately $8,910,000 for Fund II as of September 30, 2014 ).  As of September 30, 2014 , the expected realizable value of the real estate assets owned by Fund II is considered adequate to cover the guaranteed distribution amount under a liquidation scenario.  The estimated fair value of, and the Company’s obligation under, this guarantee, both at inception and as of September 30, 2014 , was not significant and therefore the Company has not recorded any obligation for this guarantee as of September 30, 2014 .
Expensed Acquisition, Development and Other Pursuit Costs and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company capitalizes pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of new development opportunities for which the Company currently believes future development is probable (“Development Rights”). Future development of these Development Rights is dependent upon various factors, including zoning and regulatory approval, rental market conditions, construction costs and the availability of capital.  Initial pre-development costs incurred for pursuits for which future development is not yet considered probable are expensed as incurred.  In addition, if the status of a Development Right changes, making future development by the Company no longer probable, any capitalized pre-development costs are written off with a charge to expense.  The Company expensed costs related to the abandonment of Development Rights as well as costs incurred in pursuing the acquisition of assets or costs incurred pursuing the disposition of assets for which such disposition activity did not occur, in the amounts of $407,000 and $351,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively, and $3,138,000 and $792,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 . Amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 do not include costs associated with the Archstone Acquisition. For further discussion of these costs, see Note 5, “Archstone Acquisition.” These costs are included in expensed acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. These costs can vary greatly, and the costs incurred in any given period may be significantly different in future periods.
The Company evaluates its real estate and other long-lived assets for impairment when potential indicators of impairment exist. Such assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, unless the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable, the Company assesses its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount of the long-lived asset to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If the carrying amount exceeds the aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset. Based on periodic tests of recoverability of long-lived assets, the Company did not record any impairment losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 .
The Company assesses its portfolio of land held for both development and investment for impairment if the intent of the Company changes with respect to either the development of, or the expected holding period for, the land.  The Company did not recognize any impairment charges on its investment in land for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 .

14

The Company also evaluates its unconsolidated investments for impairment, considering both the carrying value of the investment, estimated as the expected proceeds that it would receive if the entity were dissolved and the net assets were liquidated at their current GAAP basis, as well as the Company’s proportionate share of any impairment of assets held by unconsolidated investments. There were no impairment losses recognized by any of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated entities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively.

7. Real Estate Disposition Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , the Company sold three wholly-owned operating communities.
•
Avalon Valley, located in Danbury, CT containing 268 homes, was sold for $53,325,000 . The Company's gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $37,869,000 , reported in gain on sale of discontinued operations on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
•
Oakwood Philadelphia, acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition and located in Philadelphia, PA containing 80 homes, was sold for $28,875,000 .  The Company’s gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $3,268,000 , reported in gain on sale of communities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
•
Avalon Danvers, located in Danvers, MA containing 433 homes, was sold for $108,500,000 .  The Company’s gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $41,021,000 , reported in gain on sale of communities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
The results of operations for Oakwood Philadelphia and Avalon Danvers are included in income (loss) from continuing operations on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
The operations for any real estate assets sold from January 1, 2013 through September 30, 2014 (which includes Avalon Valley) and which were classified as held for sale and discontinued operations as of and for the period ended December 31, 2013, and thus not subject to the new guidance for discontinued operations presentation and disclosure, as discussed in Note 1, “Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies,” have been presented as income from discontinued operations in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Accordingly, certain reclassifications have been made to prior years to reflect discontinued operations consistent with current year presentation.
The following is a summary of income from discontinued operations for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
Rental income
$
—

$
11,114

$
579

$
37,040

Operating and other expenses
—

(3,516
)
(269
)
(10,996
)
Depreciation expense
—

(2,535
)
—

(13,154
)
Income from discontinued operations
$
—

$
5,063

$
310

$
12,890

During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , Fund I sold The Springs, which was consolidated for financial reporting purposes, as discussed in Note 6, "Investments in Real Estate Entities."
At September 30, 2014 , the Company had one real estate asset that qualified as held for sale.


15

8. Segment Reporting
The Company’s reportable operating segments include Established Communities, Other Stabilized Communities, and Development/Redevelopment Communities.  Annually as of January 1 st , the Company determines which of its communities fall into each of these categories and generally maintains that classification throughout the year for the purpose of reporting segment operations, unless disposition or redevelopment plans regarding a community change.  At April 1, 2014, the Company updated its reportable operating segments, primarily to include communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition, as described in Note 5, “Archstone Acquisition,” in its Established Community portfolio.
In addition, the Company owns land for future development and has other corporate assets that are not allocated to an operating segment.
The Company’s segment disclosures present the measure(s) used by the chief operating decision maker for purposes of assessing each segment’s performance.  The Company’s chief operating decision maker is comprised of several members of its executive management team who use net operating income (“NOI”) as the primary financial measure for Established Communities and Other Stabilized Communities.  NOI is defined by the Company as total property revenue less direct property operating expenses, including property taxes, and excluding corporate-level income (including management, development and other fees), corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses, investments and investment management expenses, expensed acquisition, development and other pursuit costs, net interest expense, gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt, general and administrative expense, joint venture income (loss), depreciation expense, impairment loss on land holdings, gain on sale of real estate assets, income from discontinued operations and net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations. Although the Company considers NOI a useful measure of a community’s or communities’ operating performance, NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income or net cash flow from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP.  NOI excludes a number of income and expense categories as detailed in the reconciliation of NOI to net income.
A reconciliation of NOI to net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
Net income
$
241,001

$
(10,885
)
$
554,801

$
100,681

Indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income
13,173

10,780

36,333

30,673

Investments and investment management expense
1,079

1,043

3,195

3,154

Expensed acquisition, development and other pursuit costs
406

2,176

3,139

46,041

Interest expense, net (1)
46,376

43,945

132,631

127,772

Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
—

—

412

—

Loss on interest rate contract
—

53,484

—

51,000

General and administrative expense
11,290

9,878

30,745

31,262

Equity in (income) loss of unconsolidated real estate entities
(130,592
)
(3,260
)
(143,527
)
16,244

Depreciation expense (1)
111,836

159,873

328,598

455,410

Gain on sale of real estate assets
—

—

(60,945
)
(240
)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
—

—

(37,869
)
(118,173
)
Income from discontinued operations
—

(5,063
)
(310
)
(12,890
)
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations
(1,216
)
(3,535
)
(8,373
)
(9,587
)
Net operating income
$
293,353

$
258,436

$
838,830

$
721,347

__________________________________
(1) Includes amounts associated with assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations.
The following is a summary of NOI from real estate assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations, for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

16

For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
Rental income from real estate assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations
$
2,238

$
5,871

$
13,809

$
15,659

Operating expenses real estate assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations
(1,022
)
(2,336
)
(5,436
)
(6,072
)
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations
$
1,216

$
3,535

$
8,373

$
9,587

The primary performance measure for communities under development or redevelopment depends on the stage of completion.  While under development, management monitors actual construction costs against budgeted costs as well as lease-up pace and rent levels compared to budget.
The following table provides details of the Company’s segment information as of the dates specified (dollars in thousands). The segments are classified based on the individual community’s status at either the beginning of the given calendar year, or April 1, 2014, when the Company updated its operating segments. Therefore, each year the composition of communities within each business segment is adjusted.  Accordingly, the amounts between years are not directly comparable. Segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 has been adjusted to exclude amounts for the real estate assets that were both sold between January 1, 2013 and September 30, 2014 , or qualified as held for sale as of September 30, 2014 , as described in Note 7, “Real Estate Disposition Activities.”

17

For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
Total
revenue
NOI
% NOI  change from  prior year
Total
revenue
NOI
% NOI  change from  prior year
Gross
real estate (1)
For the period ended September 30, 2014 (2)





Established







New England
$
49,227

$
31,858

4.6
%
$
140,891

$
89,693

0.7
%
$
1,427,605

Metro NY/NJ
96,112

67,255

3.9
%
237,732

165,867

2.4
%
2,376,493

Mid-Atlantic
47,122

32,284

(2.2
)%
73,964

51,947

(3.3
)%
645,872

Pacific Northwest
16,744

11,668

9.4
%
40,437

28,104

6.3
%
499,611

Northern California
64,120

48,805

12.2
%
129,560

99,030

7.8
%
1,401,286

Southern California
63,126

41,655

6.8
%
103,919

71,054

4.5
%
1,224,729

Total Established
336,451

233,525

5.5
%
726,503

505,695

3.0
%
7,575,596

Other Stabilized
45,023

31,838

N/A

370,627

255,085

N/A

6,008,289

Development / Redevelopment
44,310

27,990

N/A

125,215

78,050

N/A

3,639,770

Land Held for Future Development
N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

176,484

Non-allocated (3)
2,503

N/A

N/A

8,253

N/A

N/A

43,215

Total
$
428,287

$
293,353

13.5
%
$
1,230,598

$
838,830

16.3
%
$
17,443,354

For the period ended September 30, 2013





Established







New England
$
42,853

$
27,221

(0.6
)%
$
126,239

$
81,882

2.1
%
$
1,286,876

Metro NY/NJ
63,103

43,327

3.4
%
186,897

129,215

4.6
%
1,919,151

Mid-Atlantic
25,262

17,652

(1.0
)%
75,608

54,169

1.1
%
632,102

Pacific Northwest
11,773

7,752

1.7
%
34,752

23,539

7.4
%
443,812

Northern California
35,850

28,009

15.3
%
104,794

79,914

13.1
%
1,232,724

Southern California
30,001

20,165

4.7
%
88,873

60,640

5.7
%
1,057,512

Total Established
208,842

144,126

4.2
%
617,163

429,359

5.4
%
6,572,177

Other Stabilized
139,093

92,856

N/A

348,028

237,846

N/A

6,539,176

Development / Redevelopment
32,369

21,454

N/A

79,704

54,142

N/A

2,676,384

Land Held for Future Development
N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

282,285

Non-allocated (3)
3,014

N/A

N/A

8,198

N/A

N/A

47,921

Total
$
383,318

$
258,436

49.3
%
$
1,053,093

$
721,347

45.4
%
$
16,117,943

__________________________________
(1)
Does not include gross real estate assets held for sale of $87,393 and $654,729 as of September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively.
(2)
Results for the three months ended September 30, 2014 reflect the operating segments updated as of April 1, 2014, which include most stabilized communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition in the Established Communities segment. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 reflect the operating segments determined as of January 1, 2014, which include stabilized communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition in the Other Stabilized segment.
(3)
Revenue represents third party management, asset management and developer fees and miscellaneous income which are not allocated to a reportable segment.

18

9. Stock-Based Compensation Plans
Information with respect to stock options granted under the Company’s 1994 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “1994 Plan”) and its 2009 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”) are as follows (dollars in thousands, other than per share amounts):
2009 Plan
shares
Weighted average
exercise price
per share
1994 Plan
shares
Weighted average
exercise price
per share
Options Outstanding, December 31, 2013
501,568

$
120.77

691,526

$
106.19

Exercised
(144,750
)
116.06

(309,978
)
97.00

Forfeited
(4,052
)
131.05

(76,381
)
142.66

Options Outstanding, September 30, 2014
352,766

$
122.58

305,167

$
106.39

Options Exercisable September 30, 2014
197,931

$
116.93

305,167

$
106.39

The Company granted 131,980 restricted stock units net of forfeitures, with an estimated aggregate compensation cost of $15,522,000 , as part of its stock-based compensation plan, during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 . The amount of restricted stock ultimately earned is based on the total shareholder return metrics related to the Company’s common stock for 58,206 restricted stock units and financial metrics related to operating performance and leverage metrics of the Company for 73,774 restricted stock units. For the portion of the grant for which the award is determined by the total shareholder return of the Company’s common stock, the Company used a Monte Carlo model to assess the compensation cost associated with the restricted stock units.  The estimated compensation cost was derived using the following assumptions: baseline share value of $128.97 ; dividend yield of approximately 3.6% ; estimated volatility figures ranging from 17.6% to 18.6% over the life of the plan for the Company using 50% historical volatility and 50% implied volatility; and risk free rates over the life of the plan ranging from 0.04% to 0.72% , resulting in an average estimated fair value per restricted stock unit of $103.20 . For the portion of the grant for which the award is determined by financial metrics, the estimated compensation cost was based on the baseline share value of $128.97 and the Company's estimate of corporate achievement for the financial metrics.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , the Company also issued 113,822 shares of restricted stock, of which 16,209 shares related to the conversion of restricted stock units to restricted shares, and the remaining 97,613 shares were new grants with a fair value of $12,605,000 .

At September 30, 2014 , the Company had 190,589 outstanding unvested restricted shares granted under the Company's equity compensation plans. Restricted stock vesting during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 totaled 97,346 shares of which 4,622 shares related to the conversion of restricted stock units and 92,724 shares related to restricted stock awards which had fair values at the grant date ranging from $74.20 to $149.05 per share. The total grant date fair value of shares vested under restricted stock awards was $11,143,000 and $13,857,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively.

Total employee stock-based compensation cost recognized in income was $9,897,000 and $16,768,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively, and total capitalized stock-based compensation cost was $4,635,000 and $5,911,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively.  At September 30, 2014 , there was a total unrecognized compensation cost of $1,483,000 for unvested stock options and $22,681,000 for unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units, which does not include estimated forfeitures. The unrecognized compensation cost for unvested stock options, and restricted stock and restricted stock units is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.2 years and 3.7 years, respectively.


19

10. Related Party Arrangements
Unconsolidated Entities
The Company manages unconsolidated real estate entities for which it receives asset management, property management, development and redevelopment fee revenue.  From these entities, the Company earned fees of $2,503,000 and $3,014,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively, and $8,253,000 and $8,198,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively.  These fees are included in management, development and other fees on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. In addition, the Company has outstanding receivables associated with its management role of $5,458,000 and $7,004,000 as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 , respectively.
Director Compensation
The Company recorded non-employee director compensation expense relating to restricted stock grants and deferred stock awards in the amount of $250,000 in both the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , and $750,000 and $743,000 , in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , respectively, as a component of general and administrative expense.  Deferred compensation relating to restricted stock grants and deferred stock awards to non-employee directors was $667,000 and $417,000 on September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 , respectively.
11. Fair Value
Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value
Derivative Financial Instruments
Currently, the Company uses interest rate cap agreements to manage its interest rate risk.  These instruments are carried at fair value in the Company’s financial statements.  In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of counterparty nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of its net position with a given counterparty, as well as any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees. The Company minimizes its credit risk on these transactions by dealing with major, creditworthy financial institutions which have an A or better credit rating by the Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group. As part of its on-going control procedures, the Company monitors the credit ratings of counterparties and the exposure of the Company to any single entity, thus reducing credit risk concentration. The Company believes the likelihood of realizing losses from counterparty nonperformance is remote. Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives use Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. As of September 30, 2014 , the Company assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined it is not significant.  As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Hedge ineffectiveness did not have a material impact on earnings of the Company for the three months ended September 30, 2014 , or any prior period, and the Company does not anticipate that it will have a material effect in the future.
The following table summarizes the consolidated Hedging Derivatives at September 30, 2014 , excluding derivatives executed to hedge debt on communities classified as held for sale (dollars in thousands):
Non-designated
Hedges
Cash Flow
Hedges
Notional balance
$
606,274

$
171,302

Weighted average interest rate (1)
1.7
%
2.5
%
Weighted average capped interest rate
5.9
%
5.1
%
Earliest maturity date
Jan 2015

Apr 2015

Latest maturity date
Aug 2018

Apr 2019

____________________________________
(1)
Represents the weighted average interest rate on the hedged debt.

20

Excluding derivatives executed to hedge secured debt on communities classified as held for sale, the Company had four derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and 14 derivatives not designated as hedges at September 30, 2014 . Fair value changes for derivatives not in qualifying hedge relationships for the three and nine months ended at September 30, 2014 were not material. Excluding the forward interest rate protection agreement discussed further below, fair value changes for derivatives not in qualifying hedge relationships for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 were not material. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , the Company reclassified $1,546,000 and $4,557,000 , respectively, of deferred losses from accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of interest expense, net. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 , the Company reclassified $54,948,000 and $57,913,000 of deferred losses from accumulated other comprehensive income as a charge to earnings, primarily associated with the forward interest rate protection agreement discussed below.  The Company anticipates reclassifying approximately $5,493,000 of hedging losses from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings within the next 12 months to offset the variability of cash flows of the hedged items during this period.
In 2013, the Company was party to a $215,000,000 forward interest rate protection agreement, which was entered into in 2011 to reduce the impact of variability in interest rates on a portion of its expected debt issuance activity in 2013. The Company settled this position at its maturity in May 2013 with a payment to the counterparty of $51,000,000 , the fair value at the time of settlement. Based on changes in the Company’s capital markets outlook for 2013, the Company deemed it was probable that it would not issue the anticipated debt for which the interest rate protection agreement was transacted. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recognized the deferred losses of $53,484,000 and $51,000,000 , respectively, for the forward interest rate protection agreement in loss on interest rate contract on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
The Company provided redemption options (the “Puts”) that allow joint venture partners of the Company to require the Company to purchase their interests in the investment at a guaranteed minimum amount related to three ventures.  The Puts are payable in cash. The Company determines the fair value of the Puts based on unobservable inputs considering the assumptions that market participants would make in pricing the obligations, applying a guaranteed rate of return to the joint venture partners’ net capital contribution balances as of period end. Given the significance of the unobservable inputs, the valuations are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The Company issued units of limited partnership interest in DownREITs which provide the DownREIT limited partners the ability to present all or some of their units for redemption for cash as determined by the partnership agreement.  Under the DownREIT agreements, for each limited partnership unit, the limited partner is entitled to receive cash in the amount equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on or about the date of redemption.  In lieu of cash redemption, the Company may elect to exchange such units for an equal number of shares of the Company’s common stock. The limited partnership units in the DownREITs are valued using the market price of the Company’s common stock, a Level 1 price under the fair value hierarchy.
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent balances are held with various financial institutions within principal protected accounts.  The Company monitors credit ratings of these financial institutions and the concentration of cash and cash equivalent balances with any one financial institution and believes the likelihood of realizing material losses related to cash and cash equivalent balances is remote.  Cash and cash equivalents are carried at their face amounts, which reasonably approximate their fair values and are Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.
Other Financial Instruments
The Company values its unsecured notes using quoted market prices, a Level 1 price within the fair value hierarchy. The Company values its notes payable and outstanding amounts under the Credit Facility and Term Loan using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each instrument. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the instrument, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. The process also considers credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect the Company’s nonperformance risk. The Company has concluded that the value of its notes payable and amounts outstanding under its Credit Facility and Term Loan are Level 2 prices as the majority of the inputs used to value its positions fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Financial Instruments Measured/Disclosed at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table summarizes the classification between the three levels of the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments measured/disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis (dollars in thousands):

21

Total Fair Value
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Significant
Other
Observable
Significant
Unobservable
Identical Assets
Inputs
Inputs
Description
9/30/2014
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
Non-Designated Hedges
Interest Rate Caps
$
74

$
—

$
74

$
—

Cash Flow Hedges
Interest Rate Caps
77

—

77

—

Puts
(11,104
)
—

—

(11,104
)
DownREIT units
(1,057
)
(1,057
)
—

—

Indebtedness
(6,240,087
)
(3,681,609
)
(2,558,478
)
—

Total
$
(6,252,097
)
$
(3,682,666
)
$
(2,558,327
)
$
(11,104
)
12. Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date on which this Form 10-Q was filed, the date on which these financial statements were issued, and identified the items below for discussion.
In October 2014, the Company sold Archstone Memorial Heights, located in Houston, TX. Archstone Memorial Heights contains 556 homes and was sold for $105,500,000 .

22

ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help provide an understanding of our business and results of operations. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report. This report, including the following MD&A, contains forward-looking statements regarding future events or trends that should be read in conjunction with the factors described under “Forward-Looking Statements” included in this report.  Actual results or developments could differ materially from those projected in such statements as a result of the factors described under “Forward-Looking Statements” as well as the risk factors described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (the “Form 10-K”).
Capitalized terms have the meanings provided elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.
Executive Overview
Business Description
We are primarily engaged in developing, acquiring, owning and operating apartment communities in high barrier to entry markets of the United States. We believe that apartment communities are an attractive long-term investment opportunity compared to other real estate investments because a broad potential resident base should help reduce demand volatility over a real estate cycle. We seek to create long-term shareholder value by accessing capital on cost effective terms; deploying that capital to develop, redevelop and acquire apartment communities in high barrier to entry markets; operating apartment communities; and selling communities when they no longer meet our long-term investment strategy or when pricing is attractive. Barriers to entry in our markets generally include a difficult and lengthy entitlement process with local jurisdictions and dense urban or suburban areas where zoned and entitled land is in limited supply.
Our strategy is to be leaders in market research and capital allocation, delivering a range of multifamily offerings tailored to serve the needs of the most attractive customer segments in the best-performing submarkets of the United States. Our communities are predominately upscale, which generally command among the highest rents in their markets. However, we also pursue the ownership and operation of apartment communities that target a variety of customer segments and price points, consistent with our goal of offering a broad range of products and services.
We regularly evaluate the allocation of our investments by the amount of invested capital and by product type within our individual markets, which are primarily located in New England, the New York/New Jersey Metro area, the Mid-Atlantic, the Pacific Northwest, and the Northern and Southern California regions of the United States.
Third Quarter 2014 Highlights
We continued to experience favorable operating performance in the third quarter of 2014 :
•
Net income attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was $241,100,000 , an increase of $251,815,000 , over the prior year period.  The increase is primarily attributable to an increase in income from unconsolidated real estate entities resulting from the gains on sales of communities in various ventures, including the Company’s promoted interests, increased NOI from newly developed and operating communities, losses on an interest rate contract in the prior year period not present in 2014, and a decrease in depreciation expense related to in-place leases acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition.
•
For the quarter ended September 30, 2014 , Established Communities NOI, which includes communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition, increased by $12,128,000 , or 5.5% , over the prior year period. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in rental revenue of 3.7% , partially offset by an increase in operating expenses of 0.1% as compared to the prior year period.
The Company's overall increase in revenues was driven by both favorable operating performance from our stabilized operating communities and strong leasing activity for new development, which we expect to continue for the balance of 2014.

23

During the three months ended September 30, 2014 , we completed the construction of eight communities with an aggregate of 1,595 apartment homes for a total capitalized cost of $465,700,000 . We also started construction of three communities expected to contain 1,165 apartment homes with an expected aggregate total capitalized cost of $438,600,000 . At September 30, 2014 , 27 communities were under construction with a projected total capitalized cost of approximately $3,204,000,000 .  In addition, as of September 30, 2014 , we held a direct or indirect ownership interest in land or rights to land on which we expect to develop an additional 39 apartment communities that, if developed as expected, will contain an estimated 10,707 apartment homes, and will be developed for an aggregate total capitalized cost of $2,925,000,000 , a decline of $320,000,000 from our position as of June 30, 2014.
At September 30, 2014 , there were six communities under redevelopment, with an expected investment of approximately $84,100,000 , excluding costs incurred prior to the start of redevelopment.
During the three months ended September 30, 2014 , three of the Company's joint ventures sold operating communities.

•
CVP I, LLC, the entity that owned Avalon Chrystie Place, located in New York, NY containing 361 apartment homes and approximately 71,000 square feet of retail space, sold the community for $365,000,000 . We own a 20.0% interest in the entity, and our share of the gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $50,478,000 . In addition, we received $57,489,000 for our promoted interest in CVP I, LLC.

•
Fund I sold its final apartment community containing 108 homes for $34,250,000 . Our share of the total gain in accordance with GAAP was $345,000 .

•
Fund II sold two communities containing an aggregate of 711 apartment homes for an aggregate sales price of $166,950,000 . Our share of the total gain in accordance with GAAP was $21,624,000 .

In conjunction with the disposition of these communities, the respective ventures repaid $198,961,000 of related secured indebtedness in advance of the scheduled maturity dates. This resulted in charges for prepayment penalties and a write off of deferred financing costs, of which the Company’s portion was approximately $2,339,000 , and was reported as a reduction of equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities. In addition, during the three months ended September 30, 2014 , Fund II repaid an outstanding mortgage note at par in the amount of $42,023,000 , in advance of its November 2014 maturity date.

We believe that our balance sheet strength, as measured by our current level of indebtedness, our current ability to service interest and other fixed charges, and our current moderate use of financial encumbrances (such as secured financing) provide us with adequate access to liquidity from the capital markets.  We expect to be able to meet our reasonably foreseeable liquidity needs, as they arise, through a combination of one or more of the following sources: existing cash on hand, operating cash flows; borrowings under our Credit Facility; secured debt; the issuance of corporate securities (which could include unsecured debt, preferred equity and/or common equity, including shares issuable under the equity forward agreement discussed in this Form 10-Q); the sale of apartment communities; available remaining capacity under the Term Loan, or through the formation of joint ventures.  See the discussion under Liquidity and Capital Resources.
Communities Overview
Our real estate investments consist primarily of current operating apartment communities, communities in various stages of development (“Development Communities”) and Development Rights (as defined below).  Our current operating communities are further distinguished as Established Communities, Other Stabilized Communities, Lease-Up Communities and Redevelopment Communities, and exclude communities owned by the Residual JV.  While we generally establish the classification of communities on an annual basis, we intend to update the classification of communities during the calendar year to the extent that our plans with regard to the disposition or redevelopment of a community change during the year.
Effective April 1, 2014, the Company updated its operating segments primarily to include communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition in the results of operations of our Established Community portfolio for the balance of the year. For the April 1, 2014 operating segment update, we added 45 stabilized communities to the Established Communities portfolio, primarily those acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition. In addition, we removed one community from our Established Communities portfolio effective January 1, 2014, due to a reclassification to the Redevelopment Community portfolio. We remove a community from our Established Communities portfolio if we believe that planned activity for a community will result in the community’s expected operations not being comparable to the prior year period, which is the case for communities undergoing significant redevelopment.


24

The following is a description of each category:
Current Communities are categorized as Established, Other Stabilized, Lease-Up, or Redevelopment according to the following attributes:
•
Established Communities (also known as Same Store Communities) are consolidated communities where a comparison of operating results from the prior year to the current year is meaningful, as these communities were owned and had stabilized occupancy as of the beginning of the respective prior year period.  For the nine month periods ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , the Established Communities are communities that are consolidated for financial reporting purposes, had stabilized occupancy as of January 1, 2013, are not conducting or planning to conduct substantial redevelopment activities and are not held for sale or planned for disposition within the current year. For the three month periods ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 , the Established Communities are communities that are consolidated for financial reporting purposes, had stabilized occupancy as of April 1, 2013, are not conducting or planning to conduct substantial redevelopment activities and are not held for sale or planned for disposition within the current year.  Our Established Communities for the three month periods ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 include most of the stabilized operating communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition. A community is considered to have stabilized occupancy at the earlier of (i) attainment of 95% physical occupancy or (ii) the one -year anniversary of completion of development or redevelopment.
•
Other Stabilized Communities are all other completed communities that we own or have a direct or indirect ownership interest in, and that have stabilized occupancy, as defined above.  Other Stabilized Communities do not include communities that are conducting or planning to conduct substantial redevelopment activities within the current year.  Our Other Stabilized Communities for the nine month period ended September 30, 2014 include the stabilized operating communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition.
•
Lease-Up Communities are communities where construction has been complete for less than one year and where physical occupancy has not reached 95% .
•
Redevelopment Communities are communities where substantial redevelopment is in progress or is planned to begin during the current year.  Redevelopment is considered substantial when capital invested during the reconstruction effort is expected to exceed the lesser of $5,000,000 or 10% of the community’s pre-redevelopment basis and is expected to have a material impact on the operations of the community, including occupancy levels and future rental rates.
Development Communities are communities that are under construction and for which a certificate or certificates of occupancy for the entire community have not been received.  These communities may be partially complete and operating.
Development Rights are development opportunities in the early phase of the development process for which we either have an option to acquire land or enter into a leasehold interest, for which we are the buyer under a long-term conditional contract to purchase land, where we control the land through a ground lease or own land to develop a new community, or where we are the designated developer in a public-private partnership. We capitalize related pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of new developments for which we currently believe future development is probable.
We currently lease our corporate headquarters located in Arlington, Virginia, as well as our other regional and administrative offices under operating leases.

25

As of September 30, 2014 , communities that we owned or held a direct or indirect interest in were classified as follows:
Number of
communities
Number of
apartment homes
Current Communities


Established Communities:


New England
34

7,702

Metro NY/NJ
35

11,825

Mid-Atlantic
23

7,950

Pacific Northwest
13

3,179

Northern California
30

9,229

Southern California
42

11,639

Total Established
177

51,524

Other Stabilized Communities:


New England
10

2,780

Metro NY/NJ
9

2,557

Mid-Atlantic
11

4,041

Pacific Northwest
2

396

Northern California
6

1,471

Southern California
12

4,613

Non Core
3

1,030

Total Other Stabilized
53

16,888

Lease-Up Communities
11

2,676

Redevelopment Communities
6

2,094

Total Current Communities
247

73,182

Development Communities
27

9,151

Development Rights
39

10,707



26

Results of Operations
Our year-over-year operating performance is primarily affected by both overall and individual geographic market conditions and apartment fundamentals and is reflected in changes in NOI of our Established Communities; NOI derived from acquisitions and development completions; the loss of NOI related to disposed communities; and capital market and financing activity.  A comparison of our operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 follows (unaudited, dollars in thousands):
For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
$ Change
% Change
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
$ Change
% Change
Revenue:








Rental and other income
$
428,022

$
386,175

$
41,847

10.8
%
$
1,236,154

$
1,060,554

$
175,600

16.6
%
Management, development and other fees
2,503

3,014

(511
)
(17.0
)%
8,253

8,198

55

0.7
%
Total revenue
430,525

389,189

41,336

10.6
%
1,244,407

1,068,752

175,655

16.4
%
Expenses:








Direct property operating expenses, excluding property taxes
88,412

82,004

6,408

7.8
%
256,920

214,490

42,430

19.8
%
Property taxes
44,996

42,184

2,812

6.7
%
131,920

115,096

16,824

14.6
%
Total community operating expenses
133,408

124,188

9,220

7.4
%
388,840

329,586

59,254

18.0
%
Corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses
15,721

13,810

1,911

13.8
%
44,697

38,905

5,792

14.9
%
Investments and investment management expense
1,079

1,043

36

3.5
%
3,195

3,154

41

1.3
%
Expensed acquisition, development and other pursuit costs
406

2,176

(1,770
)
(81.3
)%
3,139

46,041

(42,902
)
(93.2
)%
Interest expense, net
46,376

43,945

2,431

5.5
%
132,631

127,772

4,859

3.8
%
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
—

—

—

—
%
412

—

412

100.0
%
Loss on interest rate contract
—

53,484

(53,484
)
(100.0
)%
—

51,000

(51,000
)
(100.0
)%
Depreciation expense
111,836

159,873

(48,037
)
(30.0
)%
328,598

455,410

(126,812
)
(27.8
)%
General and administrative expense
11,290

9,878

1,412

14.3
%
30,745

31,262

(517
)
(1.7
)%
Total other expenses
186,708

284,209

(97,501
)
(34.3
)%
543,417

753,544

(210,127
)
(27.9
)%
Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated real estate entities
130,592

3,260

127,332

N/A (1)

143,527

(16,244
)
159,771

N/A (1)

Gain on sale of land
—

—

—

—
%
—

240

(240
)
(100.0
)%
Gain on sale of communities
—

—

—

—
%
60,945

—

60,945

100.0
%
Income (loss) from continuing operations
241,001

(15,948
)
256,949

N/A (1)

516,622

(30,382
)
547,004

N/A (1)

Discontinued operations:








Income from discontinued operations
—

5,063

(5,063
)
(100.0
)%
310

12,890

(12,580
)
(97.6
)%
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
—

—

—

—
%
37,869

118,173

(80,304
)
(68.0
)%
Total discontinued operations
—

5,063

(5,063
)
(100.0
)%
38,179

131,063

(92,884
)
(70.9
)%
Net income (loss)
241,001

(10,885
)
251,886

N/A (1)

554,801

100,681

454,120

451.0
%
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests
99

170

(71
)
(41.8
)%
(13,872
)
248

(14,120
)
N/A (1)

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$
241,100

$
(10,715
)
$
251,815

N/A (1)

$
540,929

$
100,929

$
440,000

436.0
%
____________________________
(1) Percentage change is not meaningful .

27

Net income attributable to common stockholders increased $251,815,000 to $241,100,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and $440,000,000 or 436.0% to $540,929,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 from the respective prior year periods.  The increases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 are primarily attributable to an increase in income from unconsolidated real estate entities resulting from the gains on sales of communities in various ventures, including the Company’s promoted interests, increased NOI from newly developed and operating communities, losses on an interest rate contract in the prior year period not present in 2014, and a decrease in depreciation expense related to in-place leases acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is also attributable to a decrease in expensed acquisition costs related to the Archstone Acquisition.
NOI is considered by management to be an important and appropriate supplemental performance measure to net income because it helps both investors and management to understand the core operations of a community or communities prior to the allocation of any corporate-level or financing-related costs.  NOI reflects the operating performance of a community and allows for an easy comparison of the operating performance of individual assets or groups of assets.  In addition, because prospective buyers of real estate have different financing and overhead structures, with varying marginal impacts to overhead as a result of acquiring real estate, NOI is considered by many in the real estate industry to be a useful measure for determining the value of a real estate asset or group of assets.  We define NOI as total property revenue less direct property operating expenses, including property taxes, and excluding corporate-level income (including management, development and other fees), corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses, investments and investment management expenses, expensed acquisition, development and other pursuit costs, net interest expense, gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt, general and administrative expense, joint venture income (loss), depreciation expense, impairment loss on land holdings, gain on sale of real estate assets, income from discontinued operations and net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations.
NOI does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP.  Therefore, NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance.  NOI should also not be considered an alternative to net cash flow from operating activities, as determined by GAAP, as a measure of liquidity, nor is NOI indicative of cash available to fund cash needs.  Reconciliations of NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 to net income for each period are as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
Net income (loss)
$
241,001

$
(10,885
)
$
554,801

$
100,681

Indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income
13,173

10,780

36,333

30,673

Investments and investment management expense
1,079

1,043

3,195

3,154

Expensed acquisition, development and other pursuit costs
406

2,176

3,139

46,041

Interest expense, net (1)
46,376

43,945

132,631

127,772

Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
—

—

412

—

Loss on interest rate contract
—

53,484

—

51,000

General and administrative expense
11,290

9,878

30,745

31,262

Equity in (income) loss of unconsolidated real estate entities
(130,592
)
(3,260
)
(143,527
)
16,244

Depreciation expense (1)
111,836

159,873

328,598

455,410

Gain on sale of real estate assets
—

—

(60,945
)
(240
)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
—

—

(37,869
)
(118,173
)
Income from discontinued operations
—

(5,063
)
(310
)
(12,890
)
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations
(1,216
)
(3,535
)
(8,373
)
(9,587
)
Net operating income
$
293,353

$
258,436

$
838,830

$
721,347

____________________________
(1) Includes amounts associated with assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations.

28

The NOI changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year periods, consist of changes in the following categories (unaudited, dollars in thousands):
For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014 (1)
9/30/2014 (2)


Established Communities
$
12,128

$
14,625

Other Stabilized Communities
8,186

66,969

Development and Redevelopment Communities
14,603

35,889

Total
$
34,917

$
117,483

____________________________
(1)
Amounts reflect the community classification effective April 1, 2014, which includes most stabilized communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition in our Established Communities portfolio.
(2)
Amounts reflect the community classification effective January 1, 2014, which includes stabilized communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition in our Other Stabilized Communities portfolio.
The increase in our Established Communities’ NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is due to increased rental rates, partially offset by increased operating expenses. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is due to increased rental rates, partially offset by decreased occupancy and increased operating expenses. For the balance of 2014, we expect continued rental revenue growth over the prior year, offset partially by an expected increase in operating expenses. We expect our operating expenses will continue to increase, but at a moderating rate, resulting in a slowing of the growth in operating expenses over the prior year period during the remainder of the year.
Rental and other income increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 as compared to the prior year periods due to additional rental income generated from newly developed and acquired communities and an increase in rental rates at our Established Communities.
Overall Portfolio — The weighted average number of occupied apartment homes for consolidated communities increased to 61,114 apartment homes for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to 57,670 homes for the prior year period. The weighted average monthly revenue per occupied apartment home increased to $2,243 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 as compared to $2,110 in the prior year period.
Established Communities — Rental revenue increased $11,911,000 , or 3.7% , for the three months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year period, due to an increase in average rental rates of 3.7% to $2,270 per apartment home, while economic occupancy remained consistent at 95.7% . Amounts for the three months ended September 30, 2014 reflect the community classification effective April 1, 2014, which includes most of the stabilized communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition in our Established Communities portfolio. Rental revenue increased $26,146,000 , or 3.7% , for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year period, due to an increase in average rental rates of 3.9% to $2,264 per apartment home, partially offset by a decrease in economic occupancy of 0.2% to 96.0% .  Amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 reflect the community classification effective January 1, 2014, which excludes stabilized communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition. Economic occupancy takes into account the fact that apartment homes of different sizes and locations within a community have different economic impacts on a community’s gross revenue.  Economic occupancy is defined as gross potential revenue less vacancy loss, as a percentage of gross potential revenue.  Gross potential revenue is determined by valuing occupied homes at leased rates and vacant homes at market rents.
The Metro New York/New Jersey region accounted for approximately 32.7% of Established Community rental revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , and experienced an increase in rental revenue of 3.3% as compared to the prior year period. Average rental rates increased 3.4% to $2,670 per apartment home, and were partially offset by a 0.1% decrease in economic occupancy to 96.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year period.  Sequential revenue increased over the prior quarter by 1.4% during the three months ended September 30, 2014 . Apartment demand in the Metro New York/New Jersey region is being driven by job growth across a diverse group of industries including healthcare, professional business services, technology, retail, hospitality and education.

29

The New England region accounted for approximately 19.4% of Established Community rental revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , and experienced an increase in rental revenue of 2.4% as compared to the prior year period. Average rental rates increased 3.0% to $2,197 per apartment home, and were partially offset by a 0.6% decrease in economic occupancy to 95.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year period.  Sequential revenue increased from the prior quarter by 2.7% during the three months ended September 30, 2014 . Employment growth in the medical, education and technology fields is supporting apartment demand in the Boston metro area. The Fairfield market continues to experience moderate economic growth due to the area’s greater exposure to the financial services sector, which has experienced slower job growth during this recovery than other industries.
Northern California accounted for approximately 17.8% of Established Community rental revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , and experienced an increase in rental revenue of 7.8% as compared to the prior year period. Average rental rates increased 7.6% to $2,498 per apartment home, and economic occupancy increased 0.2% to 96.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year period. The Northern California region also saw the strongest sequential rental revenue growth in our markets, increasing 2.9% during the three months ended September 30, 2014 .  While new apartment supply may slow revenue growth in future periods, we expect the strength in the technology sector to continue to fuel demand for apartment homes.
Southern California accounted for approximately 14.3% of Established Community rental revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , and experienced an increase in rental revenue of 4.2% as compared to the prior year period.  Average rental rates increased 4.5% to $1,858 per apartment home, and were partially offset by a 0.3% decrease in economic occupancy to 96.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year period. Sequential revenue increased over the prior quarter by 2.1% during the three months ended September 30, 2014 . Southern California has seen steady job growth and limited new apartment supply, which we expect will continue to support favorable operating results in 2014.
The Mid-Atlantic region accounted for approximately 10.2% of Established Community rental revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , and experienced a decrease in rental revenue of 0.7% as compared to the prior year period.  Average rental rates decreased 0.2% to $1,970 per apartment home, and economic occupancy decreased 0.5% to 95.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year period. Sequential revenue increased over the prior quarter by 0.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2014 . A combination of elevated levels of new apartment deliveries and muted job growth are expected to challenge the region’s apartment fundamentals for the remainder of 2014 .
The Pacific Northwest region accounted for approximately 5.6% of Established Community rental revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , and experienced an increase in rental revenue of 5.8% as compared to the prior year period. Average rental rates increased 6.3% to $1,814 per apartment home, and were partially offset by a 0.5% decrease in economic occupancy to 95.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year period. Sequential revenue increased over the prior quarter by 1.8% during the three months ended September 30, 2014 . The region’s on-line retail, technology, and manufacturing sectors continue to support growth in the economy and apartment fundamentals.
In accordance with GAAP, cash concessions are amortized as an offset to rental revenue over the approximate lease term, which is generally one year.  As a supplemental measure, we also present rental revenue with concessions stated on a cash basis to help investors evaluate the impact of both current and historical concessions on GAAP based rental revenue and to more readily enable comparisons to revenue as reported by other companies.  Rental revenue with concessions stated on a cash basis also allows investors to understand historical trends in cash concessions, as well as current rental market conditions.

30

The following table reconciles total rental revenue in conformity with GAAP to total rental revenue adjusted to state concessions on a cash basis for our Established Communities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 (unaudited, dollars in thousands):
For the three months ended (1)
For the nine months ended (2)
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
Rental revenue (GAAP basis)
$
335,964

$
324,053

$
726,055

$
699,909

Concessions amortized
743

1,373

1,116

1,150

Concessions granted
(297
)
(1,465
)
(914
)
(528
)
Rental revenue adjusted to state concessions on a cash basis
$
336,410

$
323,961

$
726,257

$
700,531

Year-over-year % change — GAAP revenue

3.7
%
3.7
%
Year-over-year % change — cash concession based revenue

3.8
%
3.7
%
________________________
(1)
Amounts reflect the community classification effective April 1, 2014, which includes most stabilized communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition in our Established Communities portfolio.
(2)
Amounts reflect the community classification effective January 1, 2014, which includes stabilized communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition in our Other Stabilized Communities portfolio.
Management, development and other fees decreased $511,000 , or 17.0% , and increased $55,000 , or 0.7% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively, as compared to the prior year periods. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to lower property and asset management fees earned as a result of dispositions from Fund I and Fund II. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to increased property and asset management fees related to the Archstone Acquisition and related private real estate investment management funds (Archstone Multifamily Partners AC LP, the "U.S. Fund", and Multifamily Partners AC JV LP, the "AC JV"), partially offset by lower property and asset management fees earned as a result of dispositions from Fund I and Fund II.
Direct property operating expenses, excluding property taxes increased $6,408,000 , or 7.8% , and $42,430,000 , or 19.8% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively, as compared to the prior year periods. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to the addition of newly developed apartment communities. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to the addition of communities acquired in the Archstone Acquisition as well as newly developed apartment communities.
For Established Communities, direct property operating expenses, excluding property taxes, decreased $460,000 , or 0.7% , and increased $6,654,000 , or 4.8% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively, as compared to the prior year periods. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to decreased office operations and marketing costs, partially offset by increased repairs and maintenance and payroll costs. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to increased repairs and maintenance, utilities and payroll costs.
Property taxes increased $2,812,000 , or 6.7% , and $16,824,000 , or 14.6% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively, as compared to the prior year periods. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to the addition of newly developed apartment communities, coupled with increased tax rates and assessments across our portfolio. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to the net impact of the communities acquired in the Archstone Acquisition as well as the addition of newly developed apartment communities, coupled with increased tax rates and assessments across our portfolio, partially offset by reductions in expected supplemental billings related to communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition.

31

For Established Communities, property taxes increased $523,000 , or 1.5% , and increased $4,927,000 , or 7.1% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 respectively, as compared to the prior year periods. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to higher rates and assessments, partially offset by reductions and successful appeals. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to higher rates and assessments, as well as refunds received in the prior year period in excess of the current year period. We expect property taxes to continue to increase for the balance of 2014 over 2013. For communities in California, property tax changes are determined by the change in the California Consumer Price Index, with increases limited by law (Proposition 13). Massachusetts also has laws in place to limit property tax increases. We evaluate property tax increases internally and also engage third-party consultants to assist in our evaluations. We appeal property tax increases when appropriate.
Corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses increased $1,911,000 , or 13.8% , and $5,792,000 , or 14.9% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively, as compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to an increase in compensation related costs, coupled with increased activities related to re-branding and corporate initiatives. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is also due to an increase in the number of associates as a result of the Archstone Acquisition.
Expensed acquisition, development and other pursuit costs primarily reflect the costs incurred related to our asset investment activity, as well as abandoned pursuit costs. Abandoned pursuit costs include costs incurred for development pursuits not yet considered probable for development, as well as the abandonment of Development Rights and disposition pursuits, and also includes costs related to acquisition pursuits. These costs can be volatile, particularly in periods of increased acquisition activity, periods of economic downturn or when there is limited access to capital, and the costs may vary significantly from period to period. These costs decreased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 as compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the timing of costs associated with the acquisition of the Archstone communities in 2013.
Interest expense, net increased $2,431,000 , or 5.5% , and $4,859,000 , or 3.8% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively, as compared to the prior year period. This category includes interest costs offset by capitalized interest pertaining to development activity, amortization of the premium on debt, and interest income.  The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is due to both a decrease in capitalized interest and increased secured debt outstanding, including amounts assumed in the Archstone Acquisition. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is due to increased secured debt outstanding, partially offset by an increase in capitalized interest related to our increased development activity.
Loss on the extinguishment of debt, net reflects prepayment penalties, the expensing of deferred financing costs from our debt repurchase and retirement activity, or payments to acquire our outstanding debt at amounts above or below the carrying basis of the debt acquired, excluding costs related to debt secured by assets sold or held for sale.

Loss on interest rate contract reflects the loss recorded by the Company related to the forward interest rate protection agreement that matured in May 2013. Based on changes in the Company’s capital markets outlook at September 30, 2013, the Company deemed it was probable that it would not issue the anticipated debt for which the interest rate protection agreement was transacted.

Depreciation expens e decreased $48,037,000 , or 30.0% , and $126,812,000 , or 27.8% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively, as compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the impact of amortization for lease intangibles in 2013 not present in 2014, from communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition.
General and administrative expense (“G&A”) increased $1,412,000 , or 14.3% , and decreased $517,000 , or 1.7% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively, as compared to the prior year periods. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 from the prior year period is due to an increase in compensation expense. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to legal recoveries in 2014 not present in the prior year period, partially offset by an increase in compensation expense.
Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated real estate entities increased $127,332,000 and $159,771,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively, as compared to the prior year periods. The increases are a result of gains on the sales of communities in various ventures, including the Company's promoted interests, coupled with certain expensed transaction costs associated with the Archstone Acquisition that were incurred in 2013 through the unconsolidated joint venture entities owned with Equity Residential that were not present in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 .
Gain on sale of communities remained consistent for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year periods. The amount of gain realized in a given period depends on many factors, including the number of communities sold, the size and carrying value of the communities sold and the market conditions in the local area. Prior to our adoption of ASU 2014-08 as of January 1, 2014, gain on sale of communities was presented in gain on sale

32

of discontinued operations. As compared with gain on sale of discontinued operations, gain on sale of communities remained consistent for the three months ended September 30, 2014 , and decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 .
Income from discontinued operations represents the net income generated by real estate sold and qualifying as discontinued operations during the period from January 1, 2013 through September 30, 2014 . The decreases in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year period, are due to the change in accounting guidance for discontinued operations with individual community dispositions no longer classified as such.
Gain on sale of discontinued operations remained consistent for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , as compared to the prior year periods. After our adoption of ASU 2014-08 as of January 1, 2014, gain on sale of communities is presented separately from gain on sale of discontinued operations. As compared with gain on sale of communities, gain on sale of discontinued operations remained consistent for the three months ended September 30, 2014 , and decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 .
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 resulted in an allocation of loss of $99,000 and income of $13,872,000 , respectively, as compared to an allocation of loss of $170,000 and $248,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 . The nine months ended September 30, 2014 include our joint venture partners' 84.8% interest in the gain on the sale of a Fund I community that was consolidated for financial reporting purposes, in the amount of $14,132,000.

33

Funds from Operations Attributable to Common Stockholders (“FFO”)
FFO is considered by management to be an appropriate supplemental measure of our operating and financial performance.  In calculating FFO, we exclude gains or losses related to dispositions of previously depreciated property and exclude real estate depreciation, which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates.  FFO can help one compare the operating performance of a real estate company between periods or as compared to different companies.  We believe that in order to understand our operating results, FFO should be examined with net income as presented in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report.
Consistent with the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ® (“NAREIT”), we calculate FFO as net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP, adjusted for:
•
gains or losses on sales of previously depreciated operating communities;
•
extraordinary gains or losses (as defined by GAAP);
•
cumulative effect of change in accounting principle;
•
impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate assets;
•
write-downs of investments in affiliates due to a decrease in the value of depreciable real estate assets held by those affiliates;
•
depreciation of real estate assets; and
•
adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
FFO does not represent net income attributable to common stockholders in accordance with GAAP, and therefore it should not be considered an alternative to net income, which remains the primary measure of performance.  In addition, FFO as calculated by other REITs may not be comparable to our calculation of FFO.
The following is a reconciliation of net income attributable to common stockholders to FFO (unaudited, dollars in thousands, except per share data):
For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$
241,100

$
(10,715
)
$
540,929

$
100,929

Depreciation - real estate assets, including discontinued operations and joint venture adjustments
113,558

164,756

334,177

476,202

Distributions to noncontrolling interests, including discontinued operations
9

8

26

24

Gain on sale of unconsolidated entities holding previously depreciated real estate assets
(72,446
)
(688
)
(72,897
)
(11,512
)
Gain on sale of previously depreciated real estate assets (1)
—

—

(84,682
)
(118,173
)
FFO attributable to common stockholders
$
282,221

$
153,361

$
717,553

$
447,470

Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted
131,905,995

129,620,138

130,728,000

126,477,114

EPS per common share - diluted (2)
$
1.83

$
(0.08
)
$
4.14

$
0.80

FFO per common share - diluted
$
2.14

$
1.18

$
5.49

$
3.54

____________________________
(1) Amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 includes a gain of $14,132 , representing our joint venture partners' portion of the gain on sale from a Fund I community which we consolidated for financial reporting purposes.
(2) EPS per common share - diluted for the three months ended September 30, 2013 is computed using weighted average basic shares and participating units outstanding of 129,401,567.
FFO also does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, and therefore should not be considered an alternative to net cash flows from operating activities, as determined by GAAP, as a measure of liquidity.  Additionally, it is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs.

34

A presentation of GAAP based cash flow metrics is as follows (unaudited, dollars in thousands) and a discussion of “Liquidity and Capital Resources” can be found later in this report:
For the three months ended
For the nine months ended
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
9/30/2014
9/30/2013
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
231,718

$
202,712

$
641,429

$
469,923

Net cash used in investing activities
$
(184,979
)
$
(310,661
)
$
(496,495
)
$
(1,195,011
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
$
(32,452
)
$
109,712

$
13,739

$
(1,895,620
)
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe our principal short-term liquidity needs are to fund:
•
development and redevelopment activity in which we are currently engaged;
•
the minimum dividend payments on our common stock required to maintain our REIT qualification under the Code;
•
debt service and principal payments either at maturity or opportunistically before maturity; and
•
normal recurring operating expenses.
Factors affecting our liquidity and capital resources are our cash flows from operations, financing activities and investing activities (including dispositions) as well as general economic and market conditions.  Operating cash flow has historically been determined by: (i) the number of apartment homes currently owned, (ii) rental rates, (iii) occupancy levels and (iv) operating expenses with respect to apartment homes.  The timing and type of capital markets activity in which we engage, as well as our plans for development, redevelopment, acquisition and disposition activity, are affected by changes in the capital markets environment, such as changes in interest rates or the availability of cost-effective capital. We regularly review our liquidity needs, the adequacy of cash flows from operations and other expected liquidity sources to meet these needs.
For the balance of 2014, we expect to meet our liquidity needs from a variety of internal and external sources, which may include real estate dispositions, cash balances on hand, borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility and/or the Term Loan, secured and unsecured debt financings, and other public or private sources of liquidity including the issuance of common and preferred equity, as well as cash generated from our operating activities. Our ability to obtain additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit, the overall availability of credit to the real estate industry, our credit ratings and credit capacity, as well as the perception of lenders regarding our long or short-term financial prospects.
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents totaled $440,028,000 at September 30, 2014 , an increase of $158,673,000 from $281,355,000 at December 31, 2013 .  The following discussion relates to changes in cash due to operating, investing and financing activities, which are presented in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included elsewhere in this report.
Operating Activities — Net cash provided by operating activities increased to $641,429,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 from $469,923,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 . The change was driven primarily by increased NOI from existing and newly developed communities, a decrease in acquisition costs, and the timing of payments of corporate obligations.
Investing Activities — Net cash used in investing activities of $496,495,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 related to investments in assets primarily through development and redevelopment, partially offset by proceeds received for dispositions and distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , we invested $900,566,000 in the following:
•
we invested approximately $861,466,000 in the development and redevelopment of communities; and
•
we had capital expenditures of $39,100,000 for our operating communities and non-real estate assets.
Financing Activities — Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $13,739,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 .  The net cash provided is due to borrowing $250,000,000 on the Term Loan and the issuance of common stock in the amount of $340,091,000 , partially offset by the payment of cash dividends in the amount of $440,632,000 and the repayment of unsecured notes in the amount of $150,000,000 .

35

Variable Rate Unsecured Credit Facility
The Company has a $1,300,000,000 revolving variable rate unsecured credit facility with a syndicate of banks (the “Credit Facility”) which matures in April 2017. We may extend the maturity for up to one year through the exercise of two , six month extension options for an aggregate fee of $1,950,000 . The Credit Facility bears interest at varying levels based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), rating levels achieved on our unsecured notes and on a maturity schedule selected by us. The current stated pricing is LIBOR plus 1.05% ( 1.21% at October 31, 2014 assuming a one month borrowing rate).  The annual facility fee is 0.15% (or approximately $1,950,000 annually based on the $1,300,000,000 facility size and based on our current credit rating).
We did not have any borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility and had $51,497,000 outstanding in letters of credit that reduced our borrowing capacity as of October 31, 2014 .
Financial Covenants
We are subject to financial and other covenants contained in the Credit Facility, the Term Loan and the indenture under which our unsecured notes were issued.  The financial covenants include the following:
•
limitations on the amount of total and secured debt in relation to our overall capital structure;
•
limitations on the amount of our unsecured debt relative to the undepreciated basis of real estate assets that are not encumbered by property-specific financing; and
•
minimum levels of debt service coverage.
We were in compliance with these covenants at September 30, 2014 .
In addition, our secured borrowings may include yield maintenance, defeasance, or prepayment penalty provisions, which would result in us incurring an additional charge in the event of a full or partial prepayment of outstanding principal before the scheduled maturity. These provisions in our secured borrowings are generally consistent with other similar types of debt instruments issued during the same time period in which our borrowings were secured.
Continuous Equity Program (CEP)
In August 2012, we commenced a third continuous equity program (“CEP III”), under which we may sell up to $750,000,000 of shares of our common stock from time to time during a 36 -month period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , we sold 650,579 and 2,069,538 shares at an average sales price of $153.68 and $144.95 per share, for net proceeds of $ 98,481,000 and $295,465,000 , respectively. As of October 31, 2014 , we had $346,304,000 of shares remaining authorized for issuance under this program.
Forward Equity Contract

On September 9, 2014, based on a market closing price of $155.83 per share on that date, we entered into a forward contract to sell 4,500,000 shares of common stock for an initial forward price of $151.74 per share, net of offering fees and discounts. The sales price and proceeds achieved will be determined on the date or dates of settlement, with adjustments during the term of the contract for our dividends as well as for a daily interest factor that varies with changes in the Fed Funds rate. We generally have the ability to determine the date(s) and method of settlement, subject to certain conditions and the right of the forward counterparty to accelerate settlement under certain circumstances. Settlement may be (i) physical sale of shares of our common stock for cash, (ii) net cash settlement, whereby we will either pay or receive the difference between the forward contract price and the weighted average market price for our common stock at the time of settlement, or (iii) net share settlement, whereby we will either receive or issue shares of our common stock, with the number of shares issued or received determined by the difference between the forward contract price and the weighted average market price for its common stock at the time of settlement. The forward contract price and the weighted average market price would in both cases by determined under the applicable terms of the forward contract. Under either of the net settlement provisions, we will pay to the counterparty either cash or shares of common stock when the weighted average market price of our common stock at the time of settlement exceeds the forward contract price, and will receive either cash or issue shares of common stock to the extent that the weighted average market price of our common stock at the time of settlement is less than the price under the forward contract. Settlement of the forward contract will occur on one or more dates not later than September 8, 2015.


36

Future Financing and Capital Needs — Debt Maturities
One of our principal long-term liquidity needs is the repayment of long-term debt at maturity.  For both our unsecured and secured notes, a portion of the principal of these notes may be repaid prior to maturity. Early retirement of our unsecured or secured notes could result in gains or losses on extinguishment. If we do not have funds on hand sufficient to repay our indebtedness as it becomes due, it will be necessary for us to refinance or otherwise provide liquidity to satisfy the debt at maturity. This refinancing may be accomplished by uncollateralized private or public debt offerings, equity issuances, additional debt financing that is secured by mortgages on individual communities or groups of communities or borrowings under our Credit Facility or Term Loan. Although we believe we will have the capacity to meet our currently anticipated liquidity needs, we cannot assure you that additional debt financing or debt or equity offerings will be available or, if available, that they will be on terms we consider satisfactory.
The following debt activity occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 :
•
In March 2014, we entered into a $300,000,000 variable rate unsecured term loan that matures in March 2021 (the “Term Loan”).  At September 30, 2014 , we had drawn $250,000,000 of the available $300,000,000 , with the option to draw the additional $50,000,000 until March 2015.
•
In April 2014, in conjunction with certain requirements associated with the development of an apartment community, we entered into a $53,000,000 secured mortgage loan maturing in 2019, with an option to extend the maturity to 2024.  The mortgage is comprised of a $15,000,000 fixed rate note with an interest rate of 2.99% and a $38,000,000 variable rate note at LIBOR plus 2.00% .
•
Pursuant to its scheduled maturity in April 2014, we repaid $150,000,000 principal amount of unsecured notes with a stated coupon of 5.375% .
•
In June 2014, in conjunction with the disposition of an operating community, we repaid a fixed rate secured mortgage loan in the amount of $10,427,000 with an interest rate of 6.19% in advance of its November 2015 maturity date. In accordance with the requirements of the master credit agreement governing this and certain other secured borrowings, we repaid an additional $5,914,000 principal amount of secured borrowings for eight other operating communities. We incurred a charge for early debt extinguishment of $412,000 .
The following table details our consolidated debt maturities for the next five years, excluding our Credit Facility and amounts outstanding related to communities classified as held for sale, for debt outstanding at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands). We are not directly or indirectly (as borrower or guarantor) obligated in any material respect to pay principal or interest on the indebtedness of any unconsolidated entities in which we have any equity or other interest.
All-In
interest
rate (1)
Principal
maturity
date
Balance Outstanding
Scheduled Maturities
Community
12/31/2013
9/30/2014
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Thereafter
Tax-exempt bonds (4)









Fixed rate









Eaves Washingtonian Center I
7.84
%
May-2027
$
8,401

$
8,111

$
100

$
419

$
449

$
482

$
517

$
6,144

Avalon Oaks
7.50
%
Feb-2041
16,094

15,940

53

222

238

255

276

14,896

Avalon Oaks West
7.54
%
Apr-2043
16,032

15,894

47

198

211

225

241

14,972

Avalon at Chestnut Hill
6.15
%
Oct-2047
39,979

39,656

111

457

482

509

536

37,561

Avalon Westbury
4.13
%
Apr-2022
(5)
62,200

62,200

—

—

—

—

—

62,200


142,706

141,801

311

1,296

1,380

1,471

1,570

135,773

Variable rate (2)









Avalon at Mountain View
0.78
%
Feb-2017
18,300

18,300

(3)
—

—

—

18,300

—

—

Avalon at Mission Viejo
1.22
%
Jun-2025
(5)
7,635

7,635

(3)
—

—

—

—

—

7,635

AVA Nob Hill
1.15
%
Jun-2025
20,800

20,800

(3)
—

—

—

—

—

20,800

Avalon Campbell
1.47
%
Jun-2025
38,800

38,800

(3)
—

—

—

—

—

38,800

Eaves Pacifica
1.48
%
Jun-2025
17,600

17,600

(3)
—

—

—

—

—

17,600

Avalon Bowery Place I
3.02
%
Nov-2037
93,800

93,800

(3)
—

—

—

—

—

93,800

Avalon Acton
1.51
%
Jul-2040
45,000

45,000

(3)
—

—

—

—

—

45,000

Avalon Walnut Creek
1.37
%
Jul-2018
(5)
116,000

116,000

(7)
—

—

—

—

—

116,000

Avalon Walnut Creek
1.37
%
Jul-2018
(5)
10,000

10,000

(7)
—

—

—

—

—

10,000

Avalon Morningside Park
1.57
%
Jul-2017
(5)
100,000

100,000

(6)
—

—

—

—

—

100,000

Avalon Clinton North
1.72
%
Nov-2038
147,000

147,000

(3)
—

—

—

—

—

147,000


37

Avalon Clinton South
1.72
%
Nov-2038
121,500

121,500

(3)
—

—

—

—

—

121,500

Avalon Midtown West
1.63
%
May-2029
100,500

100,500

(3)
—

—

—

—

—

100,500

Avalon San Bruno
1.69
%
Dec-2037
64,450

64,450

(3)
—

—

—

—

—

64,450

Avalon Calabasas
1.70
%
Apr-2028
44,410

44,410

(3)
—

—

—

—

128

44,282

945,795

945,795

—

—

—

18,300

128

927,367

Conventional loans (4)









Fixed rate









$150 Million unsecured notes
—
%
Apr-2014
150,000

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

$250 Million unsecured notes
5.89
%
Sep-2016
250,000

250,000

—

—

250,000

—

—

—

$250 Million unsecured notes
5.82
%
Mar-2017
250,000

250,000

—

—

—

250,000

—

—

$250 Million unsecured notes
6.19
%
Mar-2020
250,000

250,000

—

—

—

—

—

250,000

$250 Million unsecured notes
4.04
%
Jan-2021
250,000

250,000

—

—

—

—

—

250,000

$450 Million unsecured notes
4.30
%
Sep-2022
450,000

450,000

—

—

—

—

—

450,000

$250 Million unsecured notes
3.00
%
Mar-2023
250,000

250,000

—

—

—

—

—

250,000

$400 Million unsecured notes
3.78
%
Oct-2020
400,000

400,000

—

—

—

—

—

400,000

$350 Million unsecured notes
4.30
%
Dec-2023
350,000

350,000

—

—

—

—

—

350,000

Avalon Orchards
7.79
%
Jul-2033
17,530

17,204

112

470

503

539

577

15,003

Avalon Darien
6.22
%
Dec-2015
48,484

47,901

(8)
203

47,698

—

—

—

—

AVA Stamford
6.13
%
Dec-2015
58,385

57,672

(8)
249

57,423

—

—

—

—

Avalon Walnut Creek
4.31
%
Jul-2066
3,042

3,042

—

—

—

—

—

3,042

Avalon Shrewsbury
5.92
%
May-2019
20,464

20,249

48

307

323

346

367

18,858

Eaves Trumbull
5.93
%
May-2019
40,018

39,599

147

601

631

676

717

36,827

Avalon at Stamford Harbor
5.93
%
May-2019
63,624

62,957

233

955

1,003

1,075

1,140

58,551

Avalon Freehold
5.95
%
May-2019
35,475

35,103

130

532

559

599

636

32,647

Avalon Run East
5.94
%
May-2019
38,013

37,614

139

571

599

642

681

34,982

Eaves Nanuet
6.06
%
May-2019
64,149

63,476

234

963

1,011

1,083

1,150

59,035

Avalon at Edgewater
5.94
%
May-2019
76,088

75,290

278

1,142

1,199

1,285

1,363

70,023

Avalon Foxhall
6.06
%
May-2019
57,150

56,550

209

858

901

965

1,024

52,593

Avalon at Gallery Place
6.06
%
May-2019
44,405

43,939

162

667

700

750

796

40,864

Avalon at Traville
5.91
%
May-2019
75,251

74,461

275

1,130

1,186

1,271

1,348

69,251

Avalon Bellevue
5.92
%
May-2019
25,856

25,585

95

388

408

437

463

23,794

Avalon on The Alameda
5.91
%
May-2019
52,278

51,730

191

785

824

883

937

48,110

Avalon at Mission Bay North
5.90
%
May-2019
70,959

70,215

260

1,065

1,118

1,198

1,272

65,302

AVA Pasadena
4.05
%
Jun-2018
11,869

11,731

49

195

202

213

11,072

—

Eaves Seal Beach
3.12
%
Nov-2015
86,167

85,122

(10)
—

85,122

—

—

—

—

Oakwood Toluca Hills
3.12
%
Nov-2015
167,595

165,561

(10)
—

165,561

—

—

—

—

Eaves Mountain View at Middlefield
3.12
%
Nov-2015
72,374

71,496

(10)
—

71,496

—

—

—

—

Eaves Tunlaw Gardens
3.12
%
Nov-2015
28,844

28,494

(10)
—

28,494

—

—

—

—

Eaves Glover Park
3.12
%
Nov-2015
23,858

23,569

(10)
—

23,569

—

—

—

—

Oakwood Philadelphia
—
%
Nov-2015
10,427

—

(9)
—

—

—

—

—

—

Oakwood Arlington
3.12
%
Nov-2015
42,703

42,185

(10)
—

42,185

—

—

—

—

Eaves North Quincy
3.12
%
Nov-2015
37,212

36,761

(10)
—

36,761

—

—

—

—

Avalon Thousand Oaks Plaza
3.12
%
Nov-2015
28,742

28,394

(10)
—

28,394

—

—

—

—

Archstone La Jolla Colony
3.36
%
Nov-2017
27,176

27,176

—

—

—

27,176

—

—

Eaves Old Town Pasadena
3.36
%
Nov-2017
15,669

15,669

—

—

—

15,669

—

—

Eaves Thousand Oaks
3.36
%
Nov-2017
27,411

27,411

—

—

—

27,411

—

—

Avalon Walnut Ridge I
3.36
%
Nov-2017
20,754

20,754

—

—

—

20,754

—

—

Eaves Los Feliz
3.36
%
Nov-2017
43,258

43,258

—

—

—

43,258

—

—

Avalon Oak Creek
3.36
%
Nov-2017
85,288

85,288

—

—

—

85,288

—

—

Avalon Del Mar Station
3.36
%
Nov-2017
76,471

76,471

—

—

—

76,471

—

—

Avalon Courthouse Place
3.36
%
Nov-2017
140,332

140,332

—

—

—

140,332

—

—

Avalon Pasadena
3.36
%
Nov-2017
28,079

28,079

—

—

—

28,079

—

—

Eaves West Valley
3.36
%
Nov-2017
83,087

83,087

—

—

—

83,087

—

—

Eaves Woodland Hills
3.36
%
Nov-2017
104,694

104,694

—

—

—

104,694

—

—

Avalon Russett
3.36
%
Nov-2017
39,972

39,972

—

—

—

39,972

—

—

Avalon First & M
5.55
%
May-2053
142,061

141,223

236

954

987

1,067

1,129

136,850

Avalon San Bruno II
3.85
%
Apr-2021
31,398

31,079

111

454

475

506

534

28,999


38

Avalon Westbury
4.13
%
Apr-2022
(5)
21,260

20,525

284

1,170

1,230

1,295

1,355

15,191

Archstone Lexington
3.32
%
Mar-2016
16,780

16,591

66

270

16,255

—

—

—

Avalon San Bruno III
4.87
%
Jun-2020
56,210

56,210

—

561

1,147

1,188

1,226

52,088

Avalon Andover
3.28
%
Apr-2018
14,821

14,584

79

325

336

346

13,498

—

Avalon Natick
3.49
%
Apr-2019
--

14,896

78

319

329

339

349

13,482


4,875,683

4,713,199

3,868

601,385

281,926

958,894

41,634

2,825,492

Variable rate (2)









Avalon Walnut Creek
1.70
%
Jul-2018
(5)
8,500

8,500

(7)
—

—

—

—

—

8,500

Avalon Calabasas
2.71
%
Aug-2018
57,314

56,085

(3)
264

1,084

1,152

1,225

52,360

—

Avalon Natick
2.28
%
Apr-2019
--

37,738

(3)
198

809

833

858

884

34,156

Unsecured Term Loan
1.78
%
Mar-2021
--

250,000

—

—

—

—

—

250,000


65,814

352,323

462

1,893

1,985

2,083

53,244

292,656

Total indebtedness - excluding Credit Facility

$
6,029,998

$
6,153,118

$
4,641

$
604,574

$
285,291

$
980,748

$
96,576

$
4,181,288

_________________________
(1)
Includes credit enhancement fees, facility fees, trustees’ fees, the impact of interest rate hedges, offering costs, mark to market amortization and other fees.
(2)
Variable rates are given as of September 30, 2014 .
(3)
Financed by variable rate debt, but interest rate is capped through an interest rate protection agreement.
(4)
Balances outstanding represent total amounts due at maturity, and do not include $4,701 and $5,291 of debt discount associated with the unsecured notes as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 , respectively, and $93,351 and $120,684 of premium associated with secured notes as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 , respectively, as reflected on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets included elsewhere in this report.
(5)
Maturity date reflects the maturity of the associated credit enhancement. The underlying bonds mature at a later date.
(6)
In July 2012 we remarketed the bonds converting them to a variable rate through July 2017.
(7)
In July 2013 we remarketed the bonds converting them to variable rate through July 2018.
(8)
Borrowing is scheduled to mature in December 2015, and contractually includes an automatic one-year extension of the loan through December 2016.
(9)
Borrowing was repaid in June 2014 in advance of its scheduled maturity in November 2015.
(10)
Outstanding principal balance was reduced in June 2014 in conjunction with the prepayment of a secured mortgage note under the master credit agreement.
Future Financing and Capital Needs — Portfolio and Other Activity
As of September 30, 2014 , we had 27 wholly-owned communities under construction and six wholly-owned communities under reconstruction. Substantially all of the capital expenditures necessary to complete the communities currently under construction and reconstruction, and to fund development costs related to pursuing Development Rights, will be funded from:
•
our $1,300,000,000 Credit Facility;
•
the remaining $50,000,000 capacity under our Term Loan;
•
cash currently on hand, invested in highly liquid overnight money market funds and repurchase agreements, and short-term investment vehicles;
•
retained operating cash;
•
the net proceeds from sales of existing communities;
•
the issuance of debt or equity securities, including through the forward equity contract; and/or
•
private equity funding, including joint venture activity.
Before planned construction or reconstruction activity, including activity related to communities owned by unconsolidated joint ventures, begins, we intend to arrange adequate financing to complete these undertakings, although we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such financing.  In the event that financing cannot be obtained, we may have to abandon Development Rights, write off associated pre-development costs that were capitalized and/or forego reconstruction activity.  In such instances, we will

39

not realize the increased revenues and earnings that we expected from such Development Rights or reconstruction activity and significant losses could be incurred.
From time to time we use joint ventures to hold or develop individual real estate assets.  We generally employ joint ventures primarily to mitigate asset concentration or market risk and secondarily as a source of liquidity.  We may also use joint ventures related to mixed-use land development opportunities where our partners bring development and operational expertise to the venture.  Each joint venture or partnership agreement has been individually negotiated, and our ability to operate and/or dispose of a community in our sole discretion may be limited to varying degrees depending on the terms of the joint venture or partnership agreement.  We cannot assure you that we will achieve our objectives through joint ventures.
In evaluating our allocation of capital within our markets, we sell assets that do not meet our long-term investment criteria or when capital and real estate markets allow us to realize a portion of the value created over the past business cycle and redeploy the proceeds from those sales to develop and redevelop communities.  Because the proceeds from the sale of communities may not be immediately redeployed into revenue generating assets, the immediate effect of a sale of a community for a gain is to increase net income, but reduce future total revenues, total expenses and NOI.  However, we believe that the absence of future cash flows from communities sold will have a minimal impact on our ability to fund future liquidity and capital resource needs.
Unconsolidated Real Estate Investments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Fund I, Fund II and the U.S. Fund (collectively the “Funds”) were established to engage in real estate acquisition programs through discretionary investment funds.  We believe this investment format provides the following attributes:  (i) third-party joint venture equity as an additional source of financing to expand and diversify our portfolio; (ii) additional sources of income in the form of property management and asset management fees and, potentially, incentive distributions if the performance of the Funds exceeds certain thresholds; and (iii) additional visibility into the transactions occurring in multi-family assets that helps us with other investment decisions related to our wholly-owned portfolio.
Fund I has nine institutional investors, including us. One of our wholly-owned subsidiaries is the general partner of Fund I and we have an equity investment of approximately $1,530,000 in Fund I (net of distributions), representing a 15.2% combined general partner and limited partner equity interest. Fund I was our principal vehicle for acquiring apartment communities from its formation in March 2005 through the close of its investment period in March 2008. Fund I has a term that expires in March 2015 . In July 2014, Fund I sold its final apartment community.
Fund II has six institutional investors, including us. One of our wholly-owned subsidiaries is the general partner of Fund II and, excluding costs incurred in excess of our equity in the underlying net assets of Fund II, we have an equity investment of $92,521,000 (net of distributions), representing a 31.3% combined general partner and limited partner equity interest. Fund II served as the exclusive vehicle for acquiring apartment communities from its formation in 2008 through the close of its investment period in August 2011. Fund II has a term that expires in August 2020 , assuming the exercise of two , one -year extension options.
The U.S. Fund has six institutional investors, including us. We are the general partner of the U.S. Fund and, excluding costs incurred in excess of our equity in the underlying net assets of the U.S. Fund, we have an equity investment of $90,501,000 (net of distributions), representing a 28.6% combined equity interest. The U.S. Fund was formed in July 2011 and is fully invested. The U.S. Fund has a term that expires in July 2023 , assuming the exercise of two, one-year extension options. We acquired our interest in the U.S. Fund as part of the Archstone Acquisition.
In addition, as part of the Archstone Acquisition, we acquired an interest in the AC JV, which has four institutional investors, including us. Excluding costs incurred in excess of our equity in the underlying net assets of the AC JV, we have an equity investment of $69,451,000 (net of distributions), representing a 20.0% equity interest. The AC JV was formed in 2011.
As of September 30, 2014 , we had investments in the following unconsolidated real estate accounted for under the equity method of accounting.  Refer to Note 6, “Investments in Real Estate Entities,” of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements located elsewhere in this report, which includes information on the aggregate assets, liabilities and equity, as well as operating results, and our proportionate share of their operating results. Detail of the real estate and associated funding underlying our unconsolidated investments is presented in the following table (dollars in thousands).

40

Company
# of
Total
Debt (2)
ownership
Apartment
capitalized
Interest
Maturity
Unconsolidated Real Estate Investments
percentage
homes
cost (1)
Amount
Type
rate (3)
date
Fund II





1. The Apartments at Briarwood - Owings Mills, MD

348

$
45,706

$
26,443

Fixed
3.64
%
Nov 2017
2. Eaves Gaithersburg - Gaithersburg, MD (4)

684

102,475

63,200

Fixed
5.42
%
Jan 2018
3. Eaves Tustin - Tustin, CA

628

100,774

59,100

Fixed
3.81
%
Oct 2017
4. Eaves Los Alisos - Lake Forest, CA

140

27,466

—

N/A
N/A

N/A
5. Eaves Plainsboro - Plainsboro, NJ (5)

776

91,862

9,453

Fixed
5.04
%
Jan 2016
6. Eaves Carlsbad - Carlsbad, CA

450

80,689

46,141

Fixed
4.68
%
Feb 2018
7. Eaves Rockville - Rockville, MD

210

51,535

30,429

Fixed
4.26
%
Aug 2019
8. Captain Parker Arms - Lexington, MA

94

22,181

13,500

Fixed
3.90
%
Sep 2019
9. Eaves Rancho San Diego - San Diego, CA

676

127,237

70,297

Fixed
3.45
%
Nov 2018
10. Avalon Watchung - Watchung, NJ

334

66,082

40,950

Fixed
3.37
%
Apr 2019
Total Fund II
31.3
%
4,340

716,007

359,513

4.15
%
U.S. Fund





1. Eaves Sunnyvale - Sunnyvale, CA (4)

192

67,025

35,736

Fixed
5.33
%
Nov 2019
2. Avalon Studio 4041 - Studio City, CA

149

56,765

30,150

Fixed
3.34
%
Nov 2022
3. Avalon Marina Bay - Marina del Rey, CA

205

76,901

—

N/A
N/A

N/A
4. Avalon Venice on Rose - Venice, CA

70

56,405

31,275

Fixed
3.31
%
Jun 2020
5. Boca Town Center - Boca Raton, FL (6)

252

46,241

27,788

Fixed/Variable
3.54
%
Feb 2019
6. Avalon Station 250 - Dedham, MA

285

95,026

60,000

Fixed
3.73
%
Sep 2022
7. Avalon Grosvenor Tower - Bethesda, MD

237

78,184

46,500

Fixed
3.74
%
Sep 2022
8. Avalon Kips Bay - New York, NY

209

134,163

69,219

Fixed
4.25
%
Jan 2019
9. Avalon Kirkland at Carillon - Kirkland, WA

131

49,920

30,295

Fixed
3.75
%
Feb 2019
Total U.S. Fund
28.6
%
1,730

660,630

330,963

3.92
%
AC JV





1. Avalon North Point - Cambridge, MA (7)

426

186,633

111,653

Fixed
6.00
%
Jul 2021
2. Avalon Woodland Park - Herndon, VA (7)

392

85,139

50,647

Fixed
6.00
%
Jul 2021
3. Avalon North Point Lofts - Cambridge, MA (8)
103

24,546

—

N/A
N/A

N/A
Total AC JV
20.0
%
921

296,318

162,300

6.00
%
Residual JV (9)





1.  SWIB

1,902

329,638

187,021

Fixed/Variable
4.37
%
Dec 2014 (10)
Total Residual JV
8.0
%
1,902

329,638

187,021

4.37
%
Other Operating Joint Ventures




2. MVP I, LLC (11)
25.0
%
313

124,344

105,000

Fixed
6.02
%
Dec 2015
2. Brandywine Apartments of Maryland, LLC
28.7
%
305

17,648

24,471

Fixed
3.40
%
Jun 2028
Total Other Joint Ventures

618

141,992

129,471

5.52
%
Total Unconsolidated Investments

9,511

$
2,144,585

$
1,169,268

4.53
%
_____________________________
(1)
Represents total capitalized cost as of September 30, 2014 .
(2)
We have not guaranteed the debt of unconsolidated investees and bear no responsibility for the repayment.
(3)
Represents weighted average rate on outstanding debt as of September 30, 2014 .
(4)
Borrowing on this community is comprised of two mortgage loans.

41

(5)
Fund II repaid an outstanding mortgage loan secured by this community at par in advance of its November 2014 maturity date during the three months ended September 30, 2014 .
(6)
The debt secured by this community is a variable rate note, of which $24,868 has been converted to an effective fixed rate borrowing with an interest rate swap.
(7)
Borrowing is comprised of four mortgage loans made by the equity investors in the venture in proportion to their equity interests.
(8)
Development of this community was completed during the three months ended September 30, 2014 .
(9)
Our ownership interest of 8.0% is determined by our 40% ownership interest in the Residual JV entity with Equity Residential, which owns a 20% interest in SWIB.
(10)
Maturity date represents the earliest of the maturity dates on the two loans and six draws on the credit facility relating to the six communities owned by SWIB, as defined below. Maturity dates range from December 2014 to December 2029 .
(11)
After the venture makes certain threshold distributions to the third-party partner, we will receive approximately 45% of all further distributions.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In addition to our investment interests in consolidated and unconsolidated real estate entities, we have certain off-balance sheet arrangements with the entities in which we invest.  Additional discussion of these entities can be found in Note 6, “Investments in Real Estate Entities,” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements located elsewhere in this report.
•
As of September 30, 2014 , subsidiaries of Fund II have 10 loans secured by individual assets with aggregate amounts of $359,513,000 with varying maturity dates (and, in some cases, dates after which the loans can be prepaid without penalty), ranging from January 2016 to September 2019 .  The mortgage loans are payable by the subsidiaries of Fund II with operating cash flow or disposition proceeds from the underlying real estate. We have not guaranteed the debt of Fund II, nor do we have any obligation to fund this debt should Fund II be unable to do so.
In addition, as part of the formation of Fund II, we have provided to one of the limited partners a guarantee.  The guarantee provides that if, upon final liquidation of Fund II, the total amount of all distributions to that partner during the life of Fund II (whether from operating cash flow or property sales) does not equal a minimum of the total capital contributions made by that partner, then we will pay the partner an amount equal to the shortfall, but in no event more than 10% of the total capital contributions made by the partner (maximum of approximately $8,910,000 as of September 30, 2014 ).  As of September 30, 2014 , the expected realizable value of the real estate assets owned by Fund II is considered adequate to cover the guaranteed distribution amount to that partner under the expected Fund II liquidation scenario.  The estimated fair value of, and our obligation under this guarantee, both at inception and as of September 30, 2014 , was not significant and therefore we have not recorded any obligation for this guarantee as of September 30, 2014 .
•
Each individual mortgage loan of Fund II was made to a special purpose, single asset subsidiary of the Fund.  Each mortgage loan provides that it is the obligation of the respective subsidiary only, except under exceptional circumstances (such as fraud or misapplication of funds) in which case the Fund could also have obligations with respect to the mortgage loan.  In no event do the mortgage loans provide for recourse against investors in the Fund, including against us or our wholly-owned subsidiaries that invest in the Fund.  A default by Fund II or a Fund II subsidiary on any loan to it would not constitute a default under any of our loans or any loans of our other non-Fund subsidiaries or affiliates.  If Fund II or a subsidiary of Fund II were unable to meet its obligations under a loan, the value of our investment in Fund II would likely decline and we might also be more likely to be obligated under the guarantee we provided to Fund II partners as described above.  If a Fund II subsidiary or Fund II were unable to meet its obligations under a loan, we and/or the other investors might evaluate whether it was in our respective interests to voluntarily support Fund II through additional equity contributions and/or take other actions to avoid a default under a loan or the consequences of a default (such as foreclosure of a Fund asset).
In the future, in the event Fund II was unable to meet its obligations under a loan, we cannot predict at this time whether we would provide any voluntary support, or take any other action, as any such action would depend on a variety of factors, including the amount of support required and the possibility that such support could enhance the return of Fund II and/or our returns by providing time for performance to improve.

42

•
As of September 30, 2014 , subsidiaries of the U.S. Fund have nine loans secured by individual assets with amounts outstanding in the aggregate of $330,963,000 with varying maturity dates, ranging from January 2019 to November 2022 . The mortgage loans are payable by the subsidiaries of the U.S. Fund with operating cash flow or disposition proceeds from the underlying real estate. We have not guaranteed the debt of the U.S. Fund, nor do we have any obligation to fund this debt should the U.S. Fund be unable to do so.
•
As of September 30, 2014 , subsidiaries of the AC JV have eight unsecured loans outstanding in the aggregate amount of $162,300,000 which mature in July 2021 , and which were made by the investors in the venture, including us, in proportion to the investors’ respective equity ownership interest.  The unsecured loans are payable by the subsidiaries of the AC JV with operating cash flow from the venture. We have not guaranteed the debt of the AC JV, nor do we have any obligation to fund this debt should the AC JV be unable to do so.
•
MVP I, LLC, the entity that owns Avalon at Mission Bay North II, has a loan secured by the underlying real estate assets of the community for $105,000,000 .  The loan is a fixed rate, interest-only note bearing interest at 6.02% , maturing in December 2015 .  We have not guaranteed the debt of MVP I, LLC, nor do we have any obligation to fund this debt should MVP I, LLC be unable to do so.
•
Brandywine Apartments of Maryland, LLC (“Brandywine”) has an outstanding $24,471,000 fixed rate mortgage loan that is payable by Brandywine.  We have not guaranteed the debt of Brandywine, nor do we have any obligation to fund this debt should Brandywine be unable to do so.
•
Through subsidiaries, we and Equity entered into three limited liability company agreements (collectively, the “Residual JV”) through which we and Equity acquired (i) certain assets of Archstone that we and Equity plan to divest (to third parties or to us or Equity) over time (the “Residual Assets”), and (ii) various liabilities of Archstone that we and Equity agreed to assume in conjunction with the Archstone Acquisition (the “Residual Liabilities”).  The Residual Assets currently include a 20.0% interest in Lake Mendota Investments, LLC and Subsidiaries (“SWIB”); two land parcels; and various licenses, insurance policies, contracts, office leases and other miscellaneous assets.  The Residual Liabilities include most existing or future litigation and claims related to Archstone’s operations for periods before the close of the Archstone Acquisition, except for (i) claims that principally relate to the physical condition of the assets acquired directly by us or Equity, which generally remain the sole responsibility of us or Equity, as applicable, and (ii) certain tax and other litigation between Archstone and various equity holders in Archstone related to periods before the close of the Archstone Acquisition, and claims which may arise due to changes in the capital structure of Archstone that occurred prior to closing, for which Lehman has agreed to indemnify us and Equity. We and Equity jointly control the Residual JV and we hold a 40% economic interest in the assets and liabilities of the Residual JV.
As of September 30, 2014 , the Residual JV completed the disposition of substantially all of its direct and indirect interests in German multifamily real estate assets as well as the associated property management company.  Our proportionate share of the proceeds from these dispositions received during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was approximately $8,249,000 and $51,361,000 , respectively.
There are no other lines of credit, side agreements, financial guarantees or any other derivative financial instruments related to or between our unconsolidated real estate entities and us.  In evaluating our capital structure and overall leverage, management takes into consideration our proportionate share of this unconsolidated debt.
Contractual Obligations
We currently have contractual obligations consisting primarily of long-term debt obligations and lease obligations for certain land parcels and regional and administrative office space.  As of September 30, 2014 , other than as discussed in this Form 10-Q, there have been no other material changes in our scheduled contractual obligations as disclosed in our Form 10-K.
Development Communities
As of September 30, 2014 , we had 27 Development Communities under construction.  We expect these Development Communities, when completed, to add a total of 9,151 apartment homes to our portfolio for a total capitalized cost, including land acquisition costs, of approximately $3,204,000,000 .  We cannot assure you that we will meet our schedule for construction completion or that we will meet our budgeted costs, either individually or in the aggregate.  You should carefully review Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks associated with development activity.
The following table presents a summary of the Development Communities. We hold a direct or indirect fee simple ownership interest in these communities unless otherwise noted in the table.

43

Number of
apartment
homes
Projected total
capitalized cost (1)
($ millions)
Construction
start
Initial  projected occupancy (2)
Estimated
completion
Estimated
stabilization (3)
1.
Avalon Exeter (4)
Boston, MA
187

$
123.2

Q2 2011
Q2 2014
Q4 2014
Q2 2015
2.
Avalon Mosaic
Tysons Corner, VA
531

114.5

Q1 2012
Q3 2013
Q4 2014
Q2 2015
3.
Avalon West Chelsea/AVA High Line (4)
New York, NY
710

276.1

Q4 2011
Q4 2013
Q1 2015
Q3 2015
4.
Avalon Huntington Station
Huntington Station, NY
303

82.2

Q1 2013
Q1 2014
Q1 2015
Q3 2015
5.
Avalon Alderwood I
Lynnwood, WA
367

68.4

Q2 2013
Q2 2014
Q2 2015
Q4 2015
6.
Avalon Assembly Row/AVA Somerville (4)
Somerville, MA
445

122.1

Q2 2012
Q2 2014
Q1 2015
Q3 2015
7.
Avalon San Dimas
San Dimas, CA
156

41.4

Q2 2013
Q3 2014
Q4 2014
Q2 2015
8.
AVA Little Tokyo
Los Angeles, CA
280

109.8

Q4 2012
Q3 2014
Q2 2015
Q4 2015
9.
Avalon Wharton
Wharton, NJ
247

53.9

Q4 2012
Q3 2014
Q2 2015
Q4 2015
10.
Avalon Baker Ranch
Lake Forest, CA
430

132.9

Q4 2013
Q4 2014
Q1 2016
Q3 2016
11.
AVA Theater District
Boston, MA
398

175.7

Q1 2013
Q1 2015
Q3 2015
Q1 2016
12.
Avalon Hayes Valley
San Francisco, CA
182

90.2

Q3 2013
Q1 2015
Q2 2015
Q4 2015
13.
Avalon Willoughby Square/AVA DoBro
Brooklyn, NY
826

444.9

Q3 2013
Q3 2015
Q4 2016
Q2 2017
14.
Avalon Vista
Vista, CA
221

58.3

Q4 2013
Q2 2015
Q4 2015
Q2 2016
15.
Avalon Bloomfield Station
Bloomfield, NJ
224

53.4

Q4 2013
Q3 2015
Q1 2016
Q3 2016
16.
Avalon Glendora
Glendora, CA
280

82.5

Q4 2013
Q3 2015
Q1 2016
Q3 2016
17
Avalon Roseland
Roseland, NJ
136

46.2

Q1 2014
Q2 2015
Q4 2015
Q2 2016
18.
Avalon Hillwood Square
Falls Church, VA
384

109.8

Q1 2014
Q2 2015
Q1 2016
Q3 2016
19.
Avalon Marlborough
Marlborough, MA
350

77.1

Q1 2014
Q2 2015
Q2 2016
Q4 2016
20.
AVA Capitol Hill
Seattle, WA
249

81.4

Q1 2014
Q4 2015
Q2 2016
Q4 2016
21.
Avalon Irvine III
Irvine, CA
156

55.0

Q2 2014
Q4 2015
Q1 2016
Q3 2016
22.
Avalon Dublin Station II
Dublin, CA
252

83.7

Q2 2014
Q1 2016
Q2 2016
Q4 2016
23.
Avalon Huntington Beach
Huntington Beach, CA
378

120.3

Q2 2014
Q3 2016
Q2 2017
Q4 2017
24.
Avalon West Hollywood
West Hollywood, CA
294

162.4

Q2 2014
Q3 2016
Q2 2017
Q4 2017
25.
Avalon Framingham
Framingham, MA
180

43.9

Q3 2014
Q4 2015
Q2 2016
Q4 2016
26.
Avalon Esterra Park
Redmond, WA
482

137.8

Q3 2014
Q2 2016
Q2 2017
Q4 2017
27.
Avalon North Station
Boston, MA
503

256.9

Q3 2014
Q4 2016
Q4 2017
Q2 2018
Total
9,151

$
3,204.0

_________________________________
(1)
Projected total capitalized cost includes all capitalized costs projected to be or actually incurred to develop the respective Development Community, determined in accordance with GAAP, including land acquisition costs, construction costs, real estate taxes, capitalized interest and loan fees, permits, professional fees, allocated development overhead and other regulatory fees.  Projected total capitalized cost for communities identified as having joint venture ownership, either during construction or upon construction completion, represents the total projected joint venture contribution amount.

44

(2)
Future initial occupancy dates are estimates.  There can be no assurance that we will pursue to completion any or all of these proposed developments.
(3)
Stabilized operations is defined as the earlier of (i) attainment of 95% or greater physical occupancy or (ii) the one -year anniversary of completion of development.
(4)
Development community subject to a ground lease.
During the three months ended September 30, 2014 , the Company completed the development of the following communities:
Number of
apartment
homes
Total capitalized
cost (1)
($ millions)
Approximate rentable area
(sq. ft.)
Total capitalized cost per sq. ft.
1.
Avalon Arlington North (2)
Arlington, VA
228

$
82.0

268,618

$
305

2.
Avalon Dublin Station
Dublin, CA
253

77.7

247,430

$
314

3.
AVA 55 Ninth
San Francisco, CA
273

121.0

236,907

$
511

4.
Avalon Canton at Blue Hills
Canton, MA
196

40.9

235,465

$
174

5.
Memorial Heights Villages (2)
Houston, TX
318

52.7

305,262

$
173

6.
Avalon Berkeley (2)
Berkeley, CA
94

33.7

78,858

$
427

7.
Avalon at Stratford
Stratford, CT
130

29.7

148,136

$
200

8.
Avalon North Point Lofts (3)
Cambridge, MA
103

28.0

46,506

$
602

Total
1,595

$
465.7


__________________________________
(1)
Total capitalized cost is as of September 30, 2014 . The Company generally anticipates incurring additional costs associated with these communities that are customary for new developments.
(2)
Avalon Arlington North, Memorial Heights Villages and Avalon Berkeley were formerly Archstone-branded developments.
(3)
The Company has a 20% ownership interest in this community through the AC JV.
The Company anticipates commencing the construction of three apartment communities during the balance of 2014, which, if completed as expected, will contain 691 apartment homes and be constructed for a total capitalized cost of $186,000,000 .
Redevelopment Communities
As of September 30, 2014 , there were six communities under redevelopment.  We expect the total capitalized cost to redevelop these communities to be $84,100,000 , excluding costs incurred prior to redevelopment.  We have found that the cost to redevelop an existing apartment community is more difficult to budget and estimate than the cost to develop a new community.  Accordingly, we expect that actual costs may vary from our budget by a wider range than for a new development community. We cannot assure you that we will meet our schedule for reconstruction completion or for attaining restabilized operations, or that we will meet our budgeted costs, either individually or in the aggregate. We anticipate maintaining or increasing our current level of redevelopment activity related to communities in our current operating portfolio for the remainder of 2014.  You should carefully review Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks associated with redevelopment activity.

45

The following presents a summary of these Redevelopment Communities:
Number of
apartment
homes
Projected total
capitalized cost (1)
($ millions)
Reconstruction
start
Estimated
reconstruction
completion
Estimated
restabilized
operations (2)
1.
AVA Back Bay
Boston, MA
271

$
21.0

Q1 2013
Q1 2015
Q3 2015
2.
Eaves Creekside
Mountain View, CA
294

11.9

Q3 2013
Q4 2014
Q2 2015
3.
AVA Pacific Beach
San Diego, CA
564

23.6

Q1 2014
Q1 2016
Q3 2016
4.
Avalon Tysons Corner
McLean, VA
558

12.8

Q1 2014
Q1 2015
Q3 2015
5.
Eaves Burlington
Burlington, MA
203

5.6

Q2 2014
Q4 2014
Q2 2015
6.
Eaves Dublin
Dublin, CA
204

9.2

Q2 2014
Q2 2015
Q4 2015
Total
2,094

$
84.1

____________________________________
(1)
Projected total capitalized cost does not include capitalized costs incurred prior to redevelopment.
(2)
Restabilized operations is defined as the earlier of (i) attainment of 95% or greater physical occupancy or (ii) the one-year anniversary of completion of redevelopment.
Development Rights
At September 30, 2014 , we had $176,484,000 in acquisition and related capitalized costs for 11 land parcels we own or control through a land lease for development, and $36,945,000 in capitalized costs (including legal fees, design fees and related overhead costs) related to 28 Development Rights for which we control the land parcel, typically through an option to purchase or lease the land.  Collectively, the land held for development and associated costs for deferred development rights relate to 39 Development Rights for which we expect to develop new apartment communities in the future. The cumulative capitalized costs for land held for development as of September 30, 2014 includes $141,673,000 in original land acquisition costs. The Development Rights range from those beginning design and architectural planning to those that have completed site plans and drawings and can begin construction almost immediately. We estimate that the successful completion of all of these communities would ultimately add approximately 10,707 apartment homes to our portfolio. Substantially all of these apartment homes will offer features like those offered by the communities we currently own.
The properties comprising the Development Rights are in different stages of the due diligence and regulatory approval process.  The decisions as to which of the Development Rights to invest in, if any, or to continue to pursue once an investment in a Development Right is made, are business judgments that we make after we perform financial, demographic and other analyses.  In the event that we do not proceed with a Development Right, we generally would not recover any of the capitalized costs incurred in the pursuit of those communities, unless we were to recover amounts in connection with the sale of land; however, we cannot guarantee a recovery.  Pre-development costs incurred in the pursuit of Development Rights for which future development is not yet considered probable are expensed as incurred.  In addition, if the status of a Development Right changes, making future development no longer probable, any capitalized pre-development costs are charged to expense.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , we incurred a charge of approximately $3,105,000 for development pursuits that were not yet probable of future development at the time incurred, or for pursuits that we determined were not likely to be developed.
You should carefully review Section 1A., “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks associated with Development Rights.

46

The following presents a summary of these Development Rights:
Location
Number of rights
Estimated
number of homes
Projected total
capitalized cost ($ millions) (1)
Boston, MA
3

951

$
227

Fairfield-New Haven, CT
1

160

40

New York City
1

167

66

New York Suburban
5

666

246

New Jersey
16

4,652

1,142

Baltimore, MD
1

343

69

Washington, DC Metro
6

1,906

501

Seattle, WA
3

766

191

Oakland-East Bay, CA
1

439

200

San Francisco, CA
1

326

152

Riverside - San Bernardino, CA
1

331

91

Total
39

10,707

$
2,925

____________________________________
(1)
Projected total capitalized cost includes all capitalized costs incurred to date (if any) and projected to be incurred to develop the respective community, determined in accordance with GAAP, including land acquisition costs, construction costs, real estate taxes, capitalized interest and loan fees, permits, professional fees, allocated development overhead and other regulatory fees.
Land Acquisitions
During the third quarter of 2014 , we acquired four land parcels for development for an aggregate investment of $37,270,000 . We have started or expect to commence construction on these land parcels in the next 12 months.
Other Land and Real Estate Assets
We own land parcels with a carrying value of approximately $28,227,000 , which we do not currently plan to develop. These parcels consist of land that we (i) originally planned to develop and (ii) ancillary parcels acquired in connection with Development Rights that we had not planned to develop. We believe that the current carrying value for all of these land parcels is such that there is no indication of impaired value, or further need to record a charge for impairment in the case of assets previously impaired. However, we may be subject to the recognition of further charges for impairment in the event that there are indicators of such impairment and we determine that the carrying value of the assets is greater than the current fair value, less costs to dispose.

47

Insurance and Risk of Uninsured Losses
We carry commercial general liability insurance and property insurance with respect to all of our communities.  These policies, and other insurance policies we carry, have policy specifications, insured limits and deductibles that we consider commercially reasonable.  There are, however, certain types of losses (such as losses arising from acts of war) that are not insured, in full or in part, because they are either uninsurable or the cost of insurance makes it, in management’s view, economically impractical.  You should carefully review the discussion under Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for a discussion of risks associated with an uninsured property or liability loss.
Many of our West Coast communities are located in the general vicinity of active earthquake faults.  Many of our communities are near, and thus susceptible to, the major fault lines in California, including the San Andreas Fault and the Hayward Fault.  We cannot assure you that an earthquake would not cause damage or losses greater than insured levels.  We have in place with respect to communities located in California and Washington, for any single occurrence and in the aggregate, $150,000,000 of coverage.  Earthquake coverage outside of California and Washington is subject to a $175,000,000 limit for each occurrence and in the aggregate. In California the deductible for each occurrence is five percent of the insured value of each damaged building with a maximum of $25,000,000 in total. Our earthquake insurance outside of California provides for a $100,000 deductible per occurrence except that the next $350,000 of loss per occurrence outside California will be treated as an additional self-insured retention until the total incurred self-insured retention exceeds $1,500,000 .
Just as with office buildings, transportation systems and government buildings, there have been reports that apartment communities could become targets of terrorism.  In December 2007, Congress passed the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (“TRIPRA”) which is designed to make terrorism insurance available through a federal back-stop program until it expires in December 2014. Congress is currently considering extending TRIPRA, however there can be no assurance at this time that Congress will extend the provisions of TRIPRA.  In connection with this legislation, we have purchased insurance for property damage due to terrorism up to $400,000,000 .  Additionally, we have purchased insurance for certain terrorist acts, not covered under TRIPRA, such as domestic-based terrorism.  This insurance, often referred to as “non-certified” terrorism insurance, is subject to deductibles, limits and exclusions.  Our general liability policy provides TRIPRA coverage (subject to deductibles and insured limits) for liability to third parties that result from terrorist acts at our communities.
Inflation and Deflation
Substantially all of our apartment leases are for a term of one year or less.  In an inflationary environment, this may allow us to realize increased rents upon renewal of existing leases or the beginning of new leases.  Short-term leases generally minimize our risk from the adverse effects of inflation, although these leases generally permit residents to leave at the end of the lease term and therefore expose us to the effect of a decline in market rents. Similarly, in a deflationary rent environment, we may be exposed to declining rents more quickly under these shorter-term leases.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  You can identify forward-looking statements by our use of the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “assume,” “project,” “plan,” “may,” “shall,” “will” and other similar expressions in this Form 10-Q, that predict or indicate future events and trends and that do not report historical matters.  These statements include, among other things, statements regarding our intent, belief or expectations with respect to:
•
our potential development, redevelopment, acquisition or disposition of communities;
•
the timing and cost of completion of apartment communities under construction, reconstruction, development or redevelopment;
•
the timing of lease-up, occupancy and stabilization of apartment communities;
•
the pursuit of land on which we are considering future development;
•
the anticipated operating performance of our communities;
•
cost, yield, revenue, NOI and earnings estimates;
•
our declaration or payment of distributions;
•
our joint venture and discretionary fund activities;
•
our policies regarding investments, indebtedness, acquisitions, dispositions, financings and other matters;
•
our qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code;
•
the real estate markets in Northern and Southern California and markets in selected states in the Mid-Atlantic, New England, Metro New York/New Jersey and Pacific Northwest regions of the United States and in general;
•
the availability of debt and equity financing;
•
interest rates;
•
general economic conditions including the potential impacts from current economic conditions; and

48

•
trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations.
We cannot assure the future results or outcome of the matters described in these statements; rather, these statements merely reflect our current expectations of the approximate outcomes of the matters discussed. We do not undertake a duty to update these forward-looking statements, and therefore they may not represent our estimates and assumptions after the date of this report. You should not rely on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control.  These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should carefully review the discussion under Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” in this report, for a discussion of risks associated with forward-looking statements.
Some of the factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
•
we may fail to secure development opportunities due to an inability to reach agreements with third-parties to obtain land at attractive prices or to obtain desired zoning and other local approvals;
•
we may abandon or defer development opportunities for a number of reasons, including changes in local market conditions which make development less desirable, increases in costs of development, increases in the cost of capital or lack of capital availability, resulting in losses;
•
construction costs of a community may exceed our original estimates;
•
we may not complete construction and lease-up of communities under development or redevelopment on schedule, resulting in increased interest costs and construction costs and a decrease in our expected rental revenues;
•
occupancy rates and market rents may be adversely affected by competition and local economic and market conditions which are beyond our control;
•
financing may not be available on favorable terms or at all, and our cash flows from operations and access to cost effective capital may be insufficient for the development of our pipeline which could limit our pursuit of opportunities;
•
our cash flows may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest, and we may be unable to refinance existing indebtedness or the terms of such refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness;
•
we may be unsuccessful in our management of Fund I, Fund II, the U.S. Fund, the AC JV or the REIT vehicles that are used with each respective fund; and
•
we may be unsuccessful in managing changes in our portfolio composition, including operating outside of our core markets as a result of the Archstone Acquisition.

Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions.  If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, or different assumptions were made, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied, resulting in different financial results or a different presentation of our financial statements.  Our critical accounting policies consist primarily of the following: (i) principles of consolidation, (ii) cost capitalization, (iii) asset impairment evaluation (iv) REIT status and (v) acquisition of investments in real estate.  Our critical accounting policies and estimates have not changed materially from the discussion of our significant accounting policies found in Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Results of Operations in our Form 10-K.

49

ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no material changes to our exposures to market risk since December 31, 2013 .
ITEM 4.
CONTROL AND PROCEDURES
(a)
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
The Company carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2014 .  Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.
We continue to review and document our disclosure controls and procedures, including our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.
(b)
Changes in internal controls over financial reporting.
None.
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is involved in various claims and/or administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. While no assurances can be given, the Company does not believe that any of these outstanding litigation matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or its results of operations.
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results discussed in our Form 10-K in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”  The risks described in our Form 10-K are not the only risks that could affect the Company.  Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results in the future.  There have been no material changes to our risk factors since December 31, 2013 .

50

ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period
(a)
Total Number of Shares
Purchased (1)
(b)
Average Price Paid
Per Share
(c)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans or
Programs
(d)
Maximum Dollar
Amount that May Yet
be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs
(in thousands) (2)
July 1 - July 31, 2014
1,968

$
148.00

—
200,000

August 1 - August 31, 2014
1,910

$
154.00

—
200,000

September 1 - September 30, 2014
—

$
—

—
200,000

___________________________________
(1)
Reflects shares surrendered to the Company in connection with exercise of stock options as payment of exercise price, as well as for taxes associated with the vesting of restricted share grants.
(2)
As disclosed in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008, represents amounts outstanding under the Company’s $500,000,000 Stock Repurchase Program.  There is no scheduled expiration date to this program.
ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4.        MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable
ITEM 5.        OTHER INFORMATION
None.

51

ITEM 6.        EXHIBITS
Exhibit No.
Description
3(i).1
—
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Articles of Incorporation of AvalonBay Communities (the “Company”), dated as of June 4, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i).1 to Form 10-K of the Company filed on March 1, 2007.)
3(i).2
—
Articles of Amendment, dated as of October 2, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i).2 to Form 10-K of the Company filed on March 1, 2007.)
3(i).3
—
Articles of Amendment, dated as of May 22, 2013. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i).3 to Form 8-K of the Company filed on May 22, 2013.)
3(ii).1
—
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as adopted by the Board of Directors on May 21, 2009. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii).1 to Form 10-Q of the Company filed November 2, 2012.)
3(ii).2
—
Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, dated February 10, 2010. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii).2 to Form 10-Q of the Company filed November 2, 2012.)
3(ii).3
—
Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, dated September 19, 2012. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K of the Company filed September 20, 2012.)
4.1
—
Indenture for Senior Debt Securities, dated as of January 16, 1998, between the Company and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Company (File No. 333-139839), filed January 8, 2007.)
4.2
—
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 20, 1998, between the Company and the State Street Bank and Trust Company, as Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Company (File No. 333-139839), filed January 8, 2007.)
4.3
—
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 7, 1998, between the Company and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Company (File No. 333-139839), filed January 8, 2007.)
4.4
—
Amended and Restated Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 10, 2000, between the Company and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Company (File No. 333-139839), filed January 8, 2007.)
4.5
—
Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 18, 2006, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Company (File No. 333-139839), filed January 8, 2007.)
4.6
—
Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan of the Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Company (File No. 333-87063), filed September 14, 1999.)
4.7
—
Amendment to the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan filed on December 17, 1999. (Incorporated by reference to the Prospectus Supplement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 on December 17, 1999.)

52

4.8
—
Amendment to the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan filed on March 26, 2004. (Incorporated by reference to the Prospectus Supplement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 on March 26, 2004.)
4.9
—
Amendment to the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan filed on May 15, 2006. (Incorporated by reference to the Prospectus Supplement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 on May 15, 2006.)
12.1
—
Statements re: Computation of Ratios. (Filed herewith.)
31.1
—
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer). (Filed herewith.)
31.2
—
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Financial Officer). (Filed herewith.)
32
—
Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer). (Furnished herewith.)
101
—
XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language). The following materials from AvalonBay Communities, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2014, formatted in XBRL: (i) condensed consolidated balance sheets, (ii) condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, (iii) condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, and (iv) notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


53

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
Date:
November 4, 2014
/s/ Timothy J. Naughton
Timothy J. Naughton
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:
November 4, 2014
/s/ Kevin P. O’Shea
Kevin P. O’Shea
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)


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TABLE OF CONTENTS