BBAI 10-Q Quarterly Report March 31, 2025

BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

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10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025
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PROXIES

DEF 14A	Filed on Dec. 1, 2025
DEF 14A	Filed on April 29, 2025
DEF 14A	Filed on March 13, 2025
DEF 14A	Filed on April 26, 2024
DEF 14A	Filed on May 24, 2023
DEF 14A	Filed on June 21, 2022
DEF 14A	Filed on May 12, 2022

bbai-20250331

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


x			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025


o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number 001-40031

BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						85-4164597
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
7950 Jones Branch Drive , 1st Floor North Tower , McLean , VA						22102
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)
( 410 ) 312-0885
Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, $0.0001 par value

BBAI

New York Stock Exchange

Redeemable warrants, each full warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share

BBAI.WS

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:


Large accelerated filer	o	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	x
		Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x

There were 291,188,805 shares of our common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding as of April 25, 2025.

Table of Contents

BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

March 31, 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Item						Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)						3
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024						3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024						4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024						5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024						6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						7
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations						35
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk						47
Item 4. Controls and Procedures						47

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION						48
Item 1. Legal Proceedings						48
Item 1A Risk Factors						48
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.						48
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.						49

Item 5. Other Information						49
Item 6. Exhibits						49

SIGNATURES						50

Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share data )


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	107,610	$	50,141

Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $ 127 as of March 31, 2025 and $ 127 as of December 31, 2024	34,565		38,953
Contract assets	512		895
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,547		3,768
Total current assets	148,234		93,757
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net	1,454		1,566
Goodwill	119,081		119,081
Intangible assets, net	117,600		119,119
Right-of-use assets	8,893		9,263

Other non-current assets	1,006		990
Total assets	$	396,268	$	343,776

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,936	$	8,455
Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt	818		818
Accrued liabilities	20,734		19,496
Contract liabilities	3,017		2,541
Current portion of long-term lease liability	1,091		1,068
Derivative liabilities	57,449		170,515
Other current liabilities	2,070		73
Total current liabilities	89,115		202,966
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term debt, net	100,588		135,404
Long-term lease liability	8,770		9,120


Total liabilities	198,473		347,490

Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)

Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Common stock, par value $ 0.0001 ; 500,000,000 shares authorized and 289,052,369 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025 and 251,554,378 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024	31		26
Additional paid-in capital	888,608		625,130

Treasury stock, at cost 9,952,803 shares at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024	( 57,350 )		( 57,350 )
Accumulated deficit	( 633,627 )		( 571,641 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income	133		121
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	197,795		( 3,714 )
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	$	396,268	$	343,776

The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited,in thousands, except share and per share data )


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Revenues		$	34,757	$	33,121
Cost of revenues		27,369		26,135
Gross margin		7,388		6,986
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		22,732		16,948
Research and development		4,166		1,144
Restructuring charges		1,698		860
Transaction expenses		—		1,103
Goodwill impairment		—		85,000
Operating loss		( 21,208 )		( 98,069 )
Interest expense		5,116		6,385
Net increase in fair value of derivatives		33,336		23,807
Loss on extinguishment of debt		2,577		—
Other income, net		( 276 )		( 455 )
Loss before taxes		( 61,961 )		( 127,806 )
Income tax expense (benefit)		25		( 14 )
Net loss		$	( 61,986 )	$	( 127,792 )

Basic net loss per share		$	( 0.25 )	$	( 0.68 )
Diluted net loss per share		$	( 0.25 )	$	( 0.68 )

Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic		252,341,401		187,279,204
Diluted		252,341,401		187,279,204

Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency translation		12		—
Total other comprehensive income		12		—
Total comprehensive loss		$	( 61,974 )	$	( 127,792 )

The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(unaudited, in thousands, except share data )


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Common stock			Additional		Acc. Other		Treasury		Accumulated		Total stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		paid in capital		Comprehensive Income		stock		deficit		equity (deficit)
As of December 31, 2024	251,554,378	$	26	$	625,130	$	121	$	( 57,350 )	$	( 571,641 )	$	( 3,714 )
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		( 61,986 )		( 61,986 )
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	—	—		—		12		—		—		12
Equity-based compensation expense	—	—		7,400		—		—		—		7,400
Exercise of stock options	983,434	—		1,393		—		—		—		1,393
Issuance of shares for equity-based compensation awards, net	3,120,222	2		( 1,318 )		—		—		—		( 1,316 )
Proceeds from the exercise of the 2024 warrants	14,800,000	1		113,952		—		—		—		113,953
Issuance of shares upon conversion of 2029 Notes	16,658,335	2		135,597		—		—		—		135,599


Issuance of shares from at-the-market offering	1,936,000	—		6,454		—		—		—		6,454


As of March 31, 2025	289,052,369	$	31	$	888,608	$	133	$	( 57,350 )	$	( 633,627 )	$	197,795

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Common stock			Additional		Acc. Other		Treasury		Accumulated		Total stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		paid in capital		Comprehensive Income		stock		deficit		equity (deficit)
As of December 31, 2023	157,287,522	$	17	$	303,428	$	—	$	( 57,350 )	$	( 276,094 )	$	( 29,999 )
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		( 127,792 )		( 127,792 )

Equity-based compensation expense	—	—		5,157		—		—		—		5,157
Exercise of stock options	64,544	—		86		—		—		—		86
Issuance of shares for equity-based compensation awards, net	4,096,003	—		( 2,762 )		—		—		—		( 2,762 )
Proceeds from exercise of 2023 warrants	22,775,144	2		90,705		—		—		—		90,707
Convertible debt conversion	94	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of shares purchased under ESPP	—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common shares as consideration for the acquisition of Pangiam	61,838,072	6		207,770		—		—		—		207,776



As of March 31, 2024	246,061,379	$	25	$	604,384	$	—	$	( 57,350 )	$	( 403,886 )	$	143,173

The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited,in thousands )


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	( 61,986 )	$	( 127,792 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	3,470		2,439
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount	2,764		3,336
Equity-based compensation expense	7,400		5,157
Goodwill impairment	—		85,000

Non-cash lease expense	370		94
Provision for doubtful accounts	40		171
Deferred income tax benefit	—		( 23 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt	2,577		—
Net increase in fair value of derivatives	33,336		23,807

Changes in assets and liabilities:
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable	4,348		( 8,957 )
Decrease in contract assets	383		2,443
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets	( 1,795 )		950
Decrease in accounts payable	( 4,163 )		( 5,960 )
Increase in accrued expenses	4,446		2,599
Increase in contract liabilities	476		1,826

Increase in other liabilities	1,670		551
Net cash used in operating activities	( 6,664 )		( 14,359 )
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	—		13,935
Purchases of property and equipment	( 80 )		( 38 )
Capitalized software development costs	( 1,540 )		( 1,643 )
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	( 1,620 )		12,254
Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of shares for exercised RDO and PIPE warrants	64,673		53,809

Payment of RDO and PIPE transaction costs	( 551 )		—




Proceeds from short-term borrowings	—		—
Repayment of short-term borrowings	( 366 )		( 403 )
Proceeds from at-the-market offering	6,569		—
Payment of transaction costs for at-the-market offering	( 115 )		—

Payment of debt issuance costs to third parties	( 4,342 )		—



Proceeds from exercise of options	1,393		86
Payments of tax withholding from the issuance of common stock	( 1,318 )		( 2,532 )


Net cash provided by financing activities	65,943		50,960
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	( 190 )		—
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	57,469		48,855
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period	50,141		32,557
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	$	107,610	$	81,412

Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	—	$	—
Income taxes	$	—	$	—

Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Issuance of common stock as consideration for Pangiam acquisition	$	—	$	207,776
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of 2029 Notes	$	135,597	$	—

The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

Note 1 — Description of the Business

BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc.’s (“ BigBear.ai ”, “ BigBear.ai Holdings ”, “ BigBear ” or the “ Company ”) mission is to help deliver clarity for the world’s most complex decisions. BigBear.ai is a leading provider of Edge AI-powered decision intelligence solutions for national security, supply chain management and digital identity. Customers and partners rely on BigBear.ai’s predictive analytics capabilities in highly complex, distributed, mission-based operating environments. We are a technology-led solutions organization, providing both software and services to our customers. Unless otherwise indicated, references to “we”, “us” and “our” refer collectively to BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

We prepared these accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ( “GAAP” ) for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Amounts presented within the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise, except for percentages, units, shares, per unit and per share amounts.

In the opinion of management, these consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ materially from these estimates. Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, accounting for revenue and cost recognition; evaluation of goodwill; intangible assets; and other assets for impairment; income taxes; equity-based compensation; fair value measurements; and contingencies. We eliminate intercompany balances and transactions in consolidation.

The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or future periods. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act” ) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard.

This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ ASU ”) No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

Disclosures (“ ASU 2023-09 ”). Under ASU 2023-09, public benefit entities must disclose specific categories and provide additional information in the tax rate reconciliation if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate. The amendments from ASU 2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company will adopt this ASU in 2025 and does not expect this guidance to have a material impact to its consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

Note 3— Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements

As previously disclosed in Note 2 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, management identified a material error in the previously reported financial statements related to its convertible notes issued in December 2021 and due in December 2026 (“2026 Notes”). The conversion option embedded within the 2026 Notes was incorrectly deemed to be eligible for a scope exception from the bifurcation requirements of ASC 815-15 and therefore required bifurcation as a derivative (“2026 Notes Conversion Option”). The 2026 Notes include certain adjustments to the conversion rate that violate the “fixed-for-fixed” criteria described in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-40. As a result, the prior period consolidated financial statements have been restated to reflect the issuance of the 2026 Notes Conversion Option at fair value as of December 7, 2021 and the subsequent remeasurement to fair value at each reporting date. Changes in the fair value of the 2026 Notes Conversion Option are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. Bifurcation of the 2026 Notes Conversion Option from its host results in a discount to the 2026 Notes par value. The amortization of the discount to the par of the 2026 Notes is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as non-cash interest expense using the effective interest rate method.

The effect of the correction noted above on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Unaudited consolidated statements of operations	As reported		Adjustment		Restated
Revenues	$	33,121	$	—	$	33,121
Cost of revenues	26,135		—		26,135
Gross margin	6,986		—		6,986
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	16,948		—		16,948
Research and development	1,144		—		1,144
Restructuring charges	860		—		860
Transaction expenses	1,103		—		1,103
Goodwill impairment	85,000		—		85,000
Operating loss	( 98,069 )		—		( 98,069 )
Net increase in fair value of derivatives	23,992		( 185 )		23,807

Interest expense	3,555		2,830		6,385
Other income	( 455 )		—		( 455 )
Loss before taxes:	( 125,161 )		( 2,645 )		( 127,806 )
Income tax benefit	( 14 )		—		( 14 )
Net loss	$	( 125,147 )	$	( 2,645 )	$	( 127,792 )

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

The effect of the correction noted above on the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Unaudited consolidated statement of cash flows	As reported		Adjustment		Restated
Net loss	$	( 125,147 )	$	( 2,645 )	$	( 127,792 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	2,439		—		2,439
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount	506		2,830		3,336
Equity-based compensation expense	5,157		—		5,157
Goodwill impairment	85,000		—		85,000
Impairment of right-of-use assets	—		—		—
Non-cash lease expense	94		—		94
Provision for doubtful accounts	171		—		171
Deferred income tax benefit	( 23 )		—		( 23 )

Net increase in fair value of derivatives	23,992		( 185 )		23,807

Changes in assets and liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable	( 8,957 )		—		( 8,957 )
Decrease in contract assets	2,443		—		2,443
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets	950		—		950
Decrease in accounts payable	( 5,960 )		—		( 5,960 )
Increase in accrued liabilities	2,599		—		2,599
Increase in contract liabilities	1,826		—		1,826
Increase (decrease) in derivative liabilities	—		—		—
Increase in other liabilities	551		—		551
Net cash used in operating activities	( 14,359 )		—		( 14,359 )
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	13,935		—		13,935
Purchases of property and equipment	( 38 )		—		( 38 )

Capitalized software development costs	( 1,643 )		—		( 1,643 )
Net cash provided by investing activities	12,254		—		12,254
Cash flows from financing activities:



Proceeds from issuance of shares for exercised RDO and PIPE warrants	53,809		—		53,809





Repayment of short-term borrowings	( 403 )		—		( 403 )


Proceeds from exercise of options	86		—		86
Payments of tax withholding from the issuance of common stock	( 2,532 )		—		( 2,532 )





Net cash provided by financing activities	50,960		—		50,960

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	48,855		—		48,855
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	32,557		—		32,557
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	81,412	$	—	$	81,412

Note 4— Restructuring Charges

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company refined its organizational structure resulting in employee separation costs of $ 1.7 million, net of tax benefits. The Company had completed this organizational restructuring as of March 31, 2025. There was $ 1.1 million unpaid employee separation costs related to this organizational restructuring as of March 31, 2025.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company refined its organization structure resulting in employee separation costs of $ 0.9 million, net of tax benefits. The Company had completed this restructuring action as of March 31, 2024. There was $ 0.5 million unpaid employee separation costs related to this restructuring action as of March 31, 2024.

The table below presents the activity in accrued restructuring charges for the three months ended March 31, 2025:


	Total









As of December 31, 2024	$	—
Additions	1,698
Settlements	( 593 )
As of March 31, 2025	$	1,105

Note 5 — Business Combinations

Pangiam Acquisition

On February 29, 2024, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “ Merger Agreement ”), dated November 4, 2023, by and among BigBear.ai, Pangiam Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“ Merger Sub ”), Pangiam Purchaser, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“ Pangiam Purchaser ”), Pangiam Ultimate Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Seller ”), and Pangiam Intermediate Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Pangiam Intermediate ”), (i) Merger Sub merged with and into Pangiam Intermediate, with Merger Sub ceasing to exist and Pangiam Intermediate surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “ First Merger ”), and (ii) immediately following the First Merger, Pangiam Intermediate merged with and into Pangiam Purchaser, with Pangiam Intermediate ceasing to exist and Pangiam Purchaser continuing as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “ Second Merger ”, together with the First Merger, the “ Mergers ”).

As consideration for the Mergers and the related transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, BigBear.ai issued a total of 61,838,072 shares of the Company’s common stock to Seller based on the 20 -day volume-weighted average price for common stock ending on the trading day immediately prior to the date of the Merger Agreement of $ 1.3439 , representing an enterprise value of $ 70 million (which was subject to customary adjustments for indebtedness, cash, working capital and transaction expenses) (the “ Purchase Price ”), less $ 3.5 million that was held back from the Purchase Price at the time of the closing of the Mergers to cover any post-closing downward adjustments to the Purchase Price (the “ Holdback Amount ”). On July 2, 2024 (the “ Finalization Date ”), BigBear.ai issued 2,144,073 shares of common stock at $ 1.3905 per share (as determined according to the volume weighted average price over the 20 trading days ending immediately prior to the Finalization Date) as settlement of the final determination of the post-close adjusted Purchase Price.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

The following table summarizes the final fair value of the consideration transferred and the fair values of the major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date.


	February 29, 2024, as reported at March 31, 2024		Measurement period adjustments		February 29, 2024, as reported at December 31, 2024
Holdback amount	$	3,500	$	( 513 )	$	2,987
Equity issued	207,776		( 6 )		207,770
Purchase consideration	$	211,276	$	( 519 )	$	210,757
Assets:
Cash	$	13,935	$	—	$	13,935
Accounts receivable	5,848		( 369 )		5,479
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	143		150		293
Property and equipment	635		—		635
Right-of-use assets	5,754		188		5,942
Intangible assets	39,100		( 1,035 )		38,065
Other non-current assets	1,772		—		1,772
Total assets acquired	$	67,187	$	( 1,066 )	$	66,121
Liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,137		—		1,137
Accrued expenses	2,454		36		2,490
Other current liabilities	69		( 24 )		45
Deferred revenue	1,148		—		1,148
Current portion of long-term lease liability	1,080		( 874 )		206
Long-term lease liability	6,109		( 373 )		5,736
Total liabilities acquired	$	11,997	$	( 1,235 )	$	10,762
Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired	55,190		169		55,359
Goodwill	$	156,086	$	( 688 )	$	155,398

The following table summarizes the intangible assets acquired by class and the weighted-average estimated useful lives:


	February 29, 2024		Weighted-average estimated useful lives
Technology	$	14,835	7 years
Trade names	1,560		5 years
Customer relationships	21,670		20 years
Total intangible assets	$	38,065

The fair value of the acquired technology and trade name was determined using the relief from royalty (“ RFR ”) method. The fair value of the acquired customer relationships was determined using the excess earnings method.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, whereby the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of identifiable net assets was allocated to goodwill. The goodwill reflects the potential synergies and expansion of the Company’s offerings across product lines and markets complementary to its existing products and markets. For tax purposes, the goodwill related to the acquisition is deductible.

The post-acquisition net revenues and net loss included in the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $ 10.7 million and $ 4.1 million, respectively. The post-acquisition net revenues and net loss included in the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were $ 3.4 million and $ 1.1 million, respectively.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

Pro Forma Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following table presents the pro forma consolidated results of operations of BigBear.ai for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as though the acquisition of Pangiam had been completed as of January 1, 2024.


	Pro forma for the three months ended
		March 31, 2024
Net revenue		$	39,432
Net loss		( 130,071 )

The amounts included in the pro forma information are based on the historical results and do not necessarily represent what would have occurred if the business combination had taken place as o f January 1, 2024, n or do they represent the results that may occur in the future. Accordingly, the pro forma financial information should not be relied upon as being indicative of the results that would have been realized had the acquisition occurred as of the date indicated or that may be achieved in the future.

The Company incurred $ 1.1 million of transaction expenses attributable to the acquisition of Pangiam during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Note 6 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, short-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at amounts that approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these financial assets and liabilities.

Certain warrants that were issued at BigBear.ai’s initial public offering (“ IPO Private Warrants ”), warrants issued in BigBear.ai’s 2023 and 2024 private placement warrants (“ PIPE Warrants ”), and warrants issued in BigBear.ai’s 2023, 2024 and 2025 registered direct offering warrants (“ RDO Warrants ”) are valued using a modified Black-Scholes option pricing model ( “OPM” ). The conversion options of the 2026 Convertible Notes (“ 2026 Notes Conversion Option ”) and 2029 Convertible Notes (“ 2029 Notes Conversion Option ”) are valued using a binomial lattice convertible bond model and discounted cash flow method, considering the traded price of the 2026 Convertible Notes and 2029 Convertible Notes, respectively, and other unobservable input assumptions. The 2026 Notes Conversion Option, 2029 Notes Conversion Option, and RDO Warrants are considered to be Level 3 fair value measurements. See Note 17—Derivatives for information on the Level 3 inputs used to value the IPO Private Warrants, PIPE Warrants, RDO Warrants, 2026 Notes Conversion Option, and the 2029 Notes Conversion Option.

The table below presents the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value :



		March 31, 2025
	Balance Sheet Caption	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Recurring fair value measurements:
2029 Notes Conversion Option	Derivative liabilities	—	—	48,821	48,821
2026 Notes Conversion Option	Derivative liabilities	—	—	—	—


IPO private warrants	Derivative liabilities	—	—	70	70



2025 RDO warrants	Derivative liabilities	—	—	8,558	8,558
Total recurring fair value measurements:		—	—	57,449	57,449
Nonrecurring fair value measurement:
Goodwill	Goodwill	—	—	119,081	119,081

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)



		December 31, 2024
	Balance Sheet Caption	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total


2026 Notes Conversion Option	Derivative liabilities	—		—		—		—

IPO private warrants	Derivative liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	290	$	290
2024 PIPE warrants	Derivative liabilities	—		—		32,760		32,760
2024 RDO warrants	Derivative liabilities	—		—		21,634		21,634
2029 Notes Conversion Option	Derivative liabilities	—		—		115,831		115,831
Total recurring fair value measurements:		—		—		170,515		170,515
Nonrecurring fair value measurement:
Goodwill (1)	Goodwill	—		—		119,081		119,081

(1) As of March 31, 2024, in accordance with Subtopic 350-20, goodwill with a carrying amount of $ 204.8 million was written down to its implied fair value of $ 119.1 million, resulting in an impairment charge of $ 85.0 million, which was included in earnings during the first quarter. Differences between the implied fair value of $ 119.1 million and the balance as of December 31, 2024 relate to subsequent measurement period adjustments.

The changes in the fair value of the Level 3 liabilities are as follows:



	IPO private warrants		2026 Notes Conversion Option		2024 PIPE warrants		2024 RDO warrants		2025 RDO warrants		2029 Notes Conversion Option




















December 31, 2024	$	290	$	—	$	32,760	$	21,634	$	—	$	115,831
Additions	—		—		—		—		18,586		—
Changes in fair value	( 220 )		—		42,480		17,631		( 10,028 )		29,560
Settlements	—		—		( 75,240 )		( 39,265 )		—		( 96,570 )
March 31, 2025	$	70	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,558	$	48,821

Note 7 — Goodwill

First Quarter of Fiscal 2024

During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, we performed a quantitative impairment analysis as a result of a decrease in the Company’s share price during the quarter compared to the share price of the equity issued as consideration for the purchase of Pangiam as described in Note 5. As a result of this testing, we recorded an $ 85.0 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Our goodwill impairment test reflected an allocation of 50 % and 50 % between the income and market-based approaches, respectively. Significant inputs into the valuation models included the discount rate, EBITDA growth and estimated future cash flows. We used a discount rate of 30.7 %, guideline peer group and their historical and forward-looking revenues in the goodwill impairment test. Subsequent to the impairment, there was no excess of reporting unit fair value over carrying value.

First Quarter of Fiscal 2025

There were no goodwill impairment charges recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Accumulated impairment losses to goodwill were $ 138.5 million as of March 31, 2025 .

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

Note 8 — Intangible Assets, net

The intangible asset balances and accumulated amortization are as follows:



	March 31, 2025
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Impact of foreign currency translation		Net carrying amount		Weighted average useful life in years
Customer relationships	$	96,270	$	( 17,269 )	$	—	$	79,001	20
Technology	41,035		( 18,130 )		—		22,905		7
Software for sale	15,856		( 1,551 )		145		14,450		3
Trade name	1,560		( 316 )		—		1,244		5
Total	$	154,721	$	( 37,266 )	$	145	$	117,600


	December 31, 2024
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Impact of foreign currency translation		Net carrying amount		Weighted average useful life in years
Customer relationships	$	96,270	$	( 16,064 )	$	—	$	80,206	20
Technology	41,035		( 16,665 )		—		24,370		7
Software for sale	14,459		( 927 )		( 289 )		13,243		3
Trade name	1,560		( 260 )		—		1,300		5
Total	$	153,324	$	( 33,916 )	$	( 289 )	$	119,119

Amortization expense of $ 0.6 million and zero was recognized for the capitalized software development costs during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.

The table below presents all amortization expense related to intangible assets for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Amortization expense related to intangible assets		$	3,350	$	2,339

The table below presents the estimated amortization expense on intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter as of March 31, 2025:


2025	$	12,510
2026	14,190
2027	11,790
2028	8,023
2029	7,015
Thereafter	64,072
Total estimated amortization expense	$	117,600

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

Note 9 — Prepaid expenses and other current assets

The table below presents details on prepaid expenses and other current assets:



	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Prepaid insurance	$	748	$	1,021
Prepaid expenses	3,262		2,498
Prepaid taxes	1,537		249

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	5,547	$	3,768

Note 10 — Accrued Liabilities

The table below presents details on accrued liabilities:



	March 31 2025		December 31 2024
Payroll accruals (1)	$	14,925	$	13,533
Accrued interest	2,707		231
Legal accruals	650		450
Other accrued expenses	2,445		5,283
Impact of foreign currency translation	7		( 1 )
Total accrued liabilities	$	20,734	$	19,496

(1) Inclusive of employer portion of taxes related to the vesting of equity awards and accrued subcontractor labor.

Note 11 — Debt

The table below presents the Company’s debt balances:



	March 31 2025		December 31, 2024
2026 Convertible Notes	$	17,668	$	17,668
2029 Convertible Notes	124,605		182,332



D&O Financing Loan	818		818
Total debt	143,091		200,818


Less: unamortized debt issuance discount and costs	41,685		64,596
Total debt, net	101,406		136,222
Less: current portion	818		818
Long-term debt, net	$	100,588	$	135,404

2026 Convertible Notes

On December 7, 2021, the Company issued $ 200.0 million of unsecured convertible notes (the “2026 Convertible Notes” ) to certain investors. The 2026 Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.0 % per annum, payable semi-annually, and not including any interest payments that are settled with the issuance of shares, were initially convertible into 17,391,304 shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $ 11.50 (the “ Conversion Price ”). The Conversion Price is subject to adjustments. On May 29, 2022, pursuant to the 2026 Convertible Notes indenture, the conversion rate applicable to the 2026 Convertible Notes was adjusted to 94.2230 (previously 86.9565 ) shares of common stock per $ 1,000 principal amount of 2026 Convertible Notes because the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of the common stock during the preceding 30 trading days was less than $ 10.00 (the “ Conversion Rate Reset ”). After giving effect to the Conversion Rate Reset, the Conversion Price is $ 10.61 and the 2026 Convertible Notes are convertible into 18,844,600 shares, not including any interest payments that are settled with the issuance of shares. The 2026 Convertible Note financing matures on December 15, 2026.

The Company may, at its election and subject to certain conditions, force conversion of the 2026 Convertible Notes after December 15, 2022 and prior to October 7, 2026 if the trading price of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130 % of the

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

conversion price for 20 out of the preceding 30 trading days and the 30 -day average daily trading volume ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to $ 3.0 million for the first two years after the initial issuance of the 2026 Convertible Notes and $ 2.0 million thereafter. In connection with such forced conversion, the conversion rate for the 2026 Convertible Notes will be increased but no Interest Make-Whole Payment (as defined below) will be made in connection with such forced conversion. In the event that a holder of the 2026 Convertible Notes elects to convert the 2026 Convertible Notes (a) prior to December 15, 2024, the Company will be obligated to pay an amount equal to twelve months of interest or (b) on or after December 15, 2024 but prior to December 15, 2025, any accrued and unpaid interest plus any remaining amounts that would be owed up to, but excluding, December 15, 2025 (such interest payments, an “ Interest Make-Whole Payments ”). The Interest Make-Whole Payments will be payable in cash or shares of the common stock, depending on the average of the daily volume-weighted average price per share of the Company’s common stock for a specified period immediately prior to such conversion, as set forth in the Indenture.

Following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if the Company exercises its mandatory conversion right, the conversion rate will be increased in certain circumstances for a holder who elects, or has been forced, to convert its 2026 Convertible Notes in connection with such corporate events or such mandatory conversion.

If a Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2026 Convertible Notes indenture) occurs prior to the maturity date, holders of the 2026 Convertible Notes will have the right to require the Company to repurchase all or any portion of their 2026 Convertible Notes in principal amounts of one thousand dollars or an integral multiple thereof, at a repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

On May 29, 2022, pursuant to the conversion rate adjustment provisions in the indenture, governing the 2026 Convertible Notes, the Conversion Price was adjusted to $ 10.61 (or 94.2230 shares of common stock per one thousand dollars of principal amount of Convertible Notes). Subsequent to the adjustment, the 2026 Convertible Notes are convertible into 18,844,600 shares, not including any interest payments that are settled with the issuance of shares.

The 2026 Convertible Notes contain conversion features that meet the definition of a derivative and require separate accounting treatment from the debt host. Refer to Note 17—Derivatives for more information on the 2026 Notes Conversion Option.

2029 Convertible Notes

On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into privately negotiated exchange agreements (each, an “ Exchange Agreement ”) with a limited number of holders of the Company’s 2026 Convertible Notes, to exchange the 2026 Convertible Notes for new senior secured convertible notes due 2029 (the “ 2029 Convertible Notes ”, together with the 2026 Convertible Notes, the “ Convertible Notes ”). The Company exchanged (the “ Exchange Transaction ”) approximately $ 182.3 million principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes for $ 182.3 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 2029 Convertible Notes and approximately $ 0.4 million in cash, with such cash payment representing the accrued and unpaid interest on the 2026 Convertible Notes at the time of the Exchange Transaction. The 2029 Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of (i) 6.0 % per annum, if interest is paid in cash and (ii) 7.0 % per annum, if the Company elects, subject to certain conditions, to pay interest in kind with shares of its common stock. To the extent that the certain liquidity conditions of the Company and its subsidiaries is not satisfied as of the last business day of any calendar month, then with respect to the period applicable to the interest payment date immediately following the month in which such liquidity condition is not satisfied, the interest rate will be (i) 9.00 % per annum, if interest is paid in cash and (ii) 10.00 % per annum, if the Company elects, subject to certain conditions, to pay interest in kind with shares of its common stock (it being understood that such increased rate shall apply solely for such six-month period applicable to such interest payment date). Interest is payable semi-annually. The conversion rate is 281.4491 shares of common stock per $ 1,000 principal amount of 2029 Convertible Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of $ 3.55 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate and the conversion price are subject to adjustments. In addition, if certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the 2029 Convertible Notes Indenture) occur, then the conversion rate will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time.

The exchange was accounted for as an extinguishment of the 2026 Convertible Notes and the 2029 Convertible Notes were recognized at fair value, which approximated the carrying amount of the principal balances exchanged. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of $ 31.3 million on the consolidated statements of operations related to the unamortized debt issuance costs of the exchanged 2026 Convertible Notes. The Company was in compliance with all covenants through the extinguishment of the exchanged 2026 Convertible Notes.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

The 2029 Convertible Notes were issued pursuant to, and are governed by, an indenture (the “ 2029 Convertible Notes Indenture ”), dated as of December 27, 2024. The 2029 Convertible Notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior, secured basis, by the Company and certain of its existing and future direct and indirect subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions (the “ Guarantors ”), and will initially be secured on a first-priority basis by substantially all assets of the Company and such Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions.

Upon completion of the Exchange Transaction, the aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes outstanding was $ 17.7 million. The Company did not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Convertible Notes pursuant to the Exchange Transactions.

Holders who convert their 2029 Convertible Notes will also be entitled to an interest make-whole payment of up to 7.5 % of the aggregate principal amount of notes converted, subject to reduction as further described in the 2029 Convertible Notes Indenture. Interest make-whole payments are payable in cash or shares of common stock, depending on the average of the daily volume-weighted average price per share of the Company’s common stock for a specified period immediately prior to such conversion. Payment of the interest make-whole in shares will be at a price equal to 95 % of such average of the daily volume-weighted average price.

The 2029 Convertible Notes will not be redeemable at the Company’s election before December 27, 2025. The 2029 Convertible Notes will be redeemable, in whole but not in part (subject to certain limitations), for cash at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after December 27, 2025 and prior to the close of business on November 16, 2029, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130 % of the conversion price for a specified period of time and certain other conditions are satisfied. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the 2029 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

If a Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2029 Convertible Notes Indenture) occurs, holders of the 2029 Convertible Notes will have the right to require the Company to repurchase their 2029 Convertible Notes for cash in principal amounts of the 2029 Convertible Notes to be repurchased of one thousand dollars, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable repurchase date, plus any remaining amounts that would be owed to, but excluding, the maturity date.

The 2026 Convertible Notes and the 2029 Convertible Notes require the Company to meet certain financial and other covenants. As of March 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Convertible Notes.

The 2029 Convertible Notes contain conversion features that meet the definition of a derivative and require separate accounting treatment from the debt host. Refer to Note 17—Derivatives for more information on the 2029 Notes Conversion Option.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, $ 57.7 million of the 2029 Convertible Notes were voluntarily converted by noteholders following the Exchange Transaction. These conversions have resulted in the issuance of 16.7 million shares of common stock.

The following table presents the carrying amounts and fair values associated with the Convertible Notes as of March 31, 2025. The fair value of the Convertible Notes is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement.


	Outstanding balance		Unamortized issuance costs and debt discount		Carrying value		Fair value
2026 Convertible Notes	$	17,668	$	( 2,122 )	$	15,546	$	15,546
2029 Convertible Notes	124,605		( 39,563 )		85,042		82,950
Total	$	142,273	$	( 41,685 )	$	100,588	$	98,496

D&O Financing Loan

On December 13, 2024, the Company entered into a $ 1.1 million loan (the “2025 D&O Financing Loan” ) with AFCO Credit Corporation to finance the Company’s directors and officers insurance premium through September 2025. The D&O Financing Loan has an interest rate of 5.99 % per annum and a maturity date of September 8, 2025.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

On December 20, 2023, the Company entered into a $ 1.2 million loan (the “2024 D&O Financing Loan” ) with US Premium Finance to finance the Company’s directors and officers insurance premium through September 2024. The D&O Financing Loan has an interest rate of 6.99 % per annum and a maturity date of September 8, 2024. The 2024 D&O Financing Loan was fully repaid at maturity.

Note 12 — Leases

The Company is obligated under operating leases for certain real estate and office equipment assets. The Company’s finance leases are not material. Certain leases contained predetermined fixed escalation of minimum rents at rates ranging from 2.5 % to 4.6 % per annum and remaining lease terms of up to ten years , some of which include renewal options that could extend certain leases to up to an additional five years .

The following table presents supplemental information related to leases:


	March 31, 2025		March 31, 2024
Weighted average remaining lease term	7.93		5.20
Weighted average discount rate	13.58	%	10.64	%

The table below summarizes total lease costs for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024



Operating lease expense		$	677	$	417
Variable lease expense		95		—
Short-term lease expense		—		—
Rent expense		$	772	$	417

	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Sublease income recognized (1)		$	27	$	23

(1) As of March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, the Company has subleased three and two of its real estate leases, respectively .

The following table presents supplemental cash flow and non-cash information related to leases:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities - operating cash flows from leases		$	605	$	578
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations - non-cash activity		$	—	$	—

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

As of March 31, 2025 , the future annual minimum lease payments for operating leases are as follows:


2025	$	1,752
2026	2,275
2027	1,695
2028	1,668
2029	1,713
Thereafter	7,352
Total future minimum lease payments	$	16,455
Less: amounts related to imputed interest	6,594
Present value of future minimum lease payments	9,861
Less: current portion of long-term lease liability	1,091
Long-term lease liability	$	8,770

Note 13 — Income Taxes

The table below presents the effective income tax rate for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024









Effective tax rate		—	%	—	%

The Company was taxed as a corporation for federal, state and local income tax purposes for the three periods ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024. The effective tax rate for the periods ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 differ from the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to foreign, state, and local income taxes, permanent differences between book and taxable income, certain discrete items, and the change in valuation allowance.

Note 14— Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies in the Normal Course of Business

Under certain contracts with the U.S. government and certain governmental entities, contract costs, including indirect costs, are subject to audit by and adjustment through negotiation with governmental representatives. Revenue is recorded in amounts expected to be realized on final settlement of any such audits.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to litigation, claims, investigations and audits arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Although legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, the Company intends to defend itself vigorously with respect to any matters currently pending against it. The outcome of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations, or cash flows. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has accrued $ 0.7 million related to various ongoing legal disputes. The $ 0.7 million balance as of March 31, 2025, reflects management’s best estimate as of that date and is net of any anticipated amounts recoverable through insurance.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

Note 15 — Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

The table below presents the details of the Company’s authorized common stock as of the following periods:



	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Common stock:
Authorized shares of common stock	500,000,000		500,000,000
Common stock par value per share	$	0.0001	$	0.0001
Common stock outstanding at the period end	289,052,369		251,554,378

Treasury Stock

These shares are measured at cost and presented as treasury stock on the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity (deficit).

Dividend Rights

Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Company’s preferred stock or any class or series of stock having a preference over or the right to participate with the Company’s common stock with respect to the payment of dividends, dividends may be declared and paid ratably on the Company’s common stock out of the assets of the Company that are legally available for this purpose at such times and in such amounts as the Company’s Board of Directors (the “ Board ”) in its discretion shall determine.

Voting Rights

Each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Holders of shares of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights.

Conversion or Redemption Rights

The Company’s common stock is neither convertible nor redeemable.

Liquidation Rights

Upon the Company’s liquidation, the holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive pro rata the Company’s assets that are legally available for distribution, after payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any holders of the Company’s preferred stock then outstanding.

Preferred Stock

The table below presents the details of the Company’s authorized preferred stock as of the following periods:



	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Preferred stock:
Authorized shares of preferred stock	1,000,000		1,000,000
Preferred stock par value per share	$	0.0001	$	0.0001
Preferred stock outstanding at the period end	—		—

The Company’s Board may, without further action by the Company’s stockholders, from time to time, direct the issuance of shares of preferred stock in series and may, at the time of issuance, determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and relative participating, optional or special rights as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

greater than the rights of the Company’s common stock. Satisfaction of any dividend preferences of outstanding shares of the Company’s preferred stock would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of dividends on shares of the Company’s common stock. Upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the total number of directors then in office, the Company’s Board may issue shares of the Company’s preferred stock with voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the holders of shares of the Company’s common stock.

Note 16 — At-the-Market Offering

In April 2023, the Company filed an automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (the “2023 Shelf Registration Statement”) with the SEC registering an indeterminate amount of its common stock, preferred stock, warrants, rights, and units (collectively, “Company securities”). which the SEC declared effective on April 21. 2023. In May 2024, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to the 2023 Shelf Registration Statement which allows the Company to sell, from time to time and at its discretion, Company securities having an aggregate offering price of up to $ 150 million including shares of common stock that may be sold pursuant to the Company’s controlled equity offering agreement, dated as of May 10, 2024 (the “Controlled Equity Offering Agreement”), with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.. (“Cantor”), as sales agent, under an “at the market” offering program (the “ATM Program”).

Pursuant to the Controlled Equity Offering Agreement, the Company may offer and sell common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $ 150 million from time to time to or through Cantor, subject to the Company’s compliance with applicable laws and the applicable requirements of the Controlled Equity Offering Agreement. The Controlled Equity Offering Agreement stipulates that the Company will pay Cantor a commission equal to up to 3.0 % of the gross offering proceeds of any shares of common stock sold to or through Cantor pursuant to the Controlled Equity Offering Agreement. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from sales of common stock issued under the ATM Program for general corporate and working capital purposes. The timing of any sales and the number of shares sold will depend on a variety of factors to be determined and considered by the Company. The Company is not obligated to sell any shares under the Controlled Equity Offering Agreement.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company sold 1,936,000 shares of common stock under the ATM Program for an aggregate offering price of $ 6.6 million. Total issuance costs related to the ATM Program as of March 31, 2025 were approximately $ 0.1 million, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of approximately $ 6.5 million. As of March 31, 2025, approximately $ 143.4 million in capacity remained available under the 2023 Shelf Registration Statement.

Note 17 — Derivatives

2029 Notes Conversion Option

On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into privately negotiated Exchange Agreements with a limited number of holders of the Company’s 2026 Convertible Notes, to exchange the 2026 Convertible Notes for 2029 Convertible Notes. The 2029 Convertible Notes contain conversion features that meet the definition of a derivative and require separate accounting treatment from the debt host.

The table below presents the value of the 2029 Notes Conversion Option under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Value of 2029 Notes Conversion Option	$	48,821	$	115,831
Conversion price	$	3.55	$	3.55
Common stock price	$	2.86	$	4.45
Expected option term (years)	4.7		5.0
Expected volatility	50.00 %		37.60 %
Risk-free rate of return	3.90 %		4.30 %
Expected annual dividend yield	— %		— %

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

As of March 31, 2025 , the 2029 Notes Conversion Option had a fair value of $ 48.8 million and is presented on the consolidated balance sheets within derivative liabilities. A gain of $ 30.3 million was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025 , and is presented in ne t incre ase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations .

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, $ 57.7 million of the 2029 Convertible Notes have been voluntarily converted by noteholders following the Exchange Transaction. These conversions resulted in the issuance of approximately 16.7 million shares of common stock in exchange for the retirement of the respective notes. D uring the three months ended March 31, 2025, upon conversion of the notes, there was a mark-to-market adjustment to increase the debt conversion option derivative liability, resulting in a loss of $ 59.9 million, which is included in the net increase in fair value of derivatives and is presented in net increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations. In conjunction with the conversion, a loss of $ 2.6 million was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2025 related to the convertible debt discount and unamortized deferred financing costs, and is presented in loss on extinguishment of debt on the consolidated statements of operations.

As of March 31, 2025, the remaining principal of the 2029 Convertible Notes outstanding was $ 124.6 million .

2023 RDO Warrants

On June 13, 2023, the Company consummated the closing of a registered direct offering pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC, as representative of the underwriters, for the sale and purchase of an aggregate of 11,848,341 shares of common stock at par value and accompanying common warrants (“ RDO warrants ”). Each share of common stock is accompanied by a common warrant to purchase three-quarters of a share of common stock at an exercise price of $ 2.32 per share. The RDO warrants were initially exercisable for up to 8,886,255 shares of common stock and became exercisable six months after issuance and had a five-year term.

On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement (the “ RDO Warrant Exercise Agreement ”) with an existing accredited investor (the “ RDO Investor ”) to exercise in full the outstanding RDO warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,886,255 shares of the Company’s common stock for gross proceeds of $ 20.6 million. Upon settlement of the RDO warrants, a loss of $ 10.1 million was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and is presented in net increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

2024 RDO Warrants

In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the RDO warrants, on February 28, 2024, the RDO Investor received a new unregistered common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,800,000 of the Company’s common stock (the “ 2024 RDO warrants ”) in a private placement. The 2024 RDO warrants became exercisable six months after issuance and had a five-year term, with an exercise price per share equal to $ 3.78 .

The table below presents the value of the 2024 RDO warrants under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:


	December 31 2024
Value of each 2024 RDO warrant	$	3.73
Exercise price	$	3.78
Common stock price	$	4.45
Expected option term (years)	4.7
Expected volatility	120.00 %
Risk-free rate of return	4.31 %
Expected annual dividend yield	— %

On February 5, 2025, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement (the “ RDO Warrant Exercise Agreement ”) with an existing accredited investor (the “ RDO Investor ”) to exercise in full the outstanding 2024 RDO warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for gross proceeds of $ 21.9 million . Upon settlement of the RDO warrants, a loss of $ 14.3 million was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and is presented in net increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

A loss of $ 5.3 million , which includes transaction costs associated with the issuance of the RDO warrants, was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 , and is presented in ne t incre ase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations .

2025 RDO Warrants

In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the 2024 RDO warrants, on February 5, 2025, the RDO Investor received a new unregistered common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,770,000 of the Company’s common stock (the “ 2025 RDO warrants ”) in a private placement. The 2025 RDO warrants became exercisable six months after issuance and had a five-year term, with an exercise price per share equal to $ 9.00 .

The table below presents the value of the 2025 RDO warrants under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:


	March 31, 2025		February 6, 2025
Value of each 2025 RDO warrant	$	2.27	$	4.93
Exercise price	$	9.00	$	9.00
Common stock price	$	2.86	$	6.77
Expected option term (years)	5.4		5.5
Expected volatility	130.00 %		95.00 %
Risk-free rate of return	3.94 %		4.25 %
Expected annual dividend yield	— %		— %

As of March 31, 2025 , the 2025 RDO warrants had a fair value of $ 8.6 million and is presented on the consolidated balance sheets within derivative liabilities. A gain of $ 10.0 million , which includes transaction costs associated with the issuance of the RDO warrants, was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and are presented in ne t incre ase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations .

As of March 31, 2025, there were 3,770,000 2025 RDO warrants issued and outstanding.

2023 PIPE Warrants

On January 19, 2023, the Company consummated the closing of a private placement (the “ Private Placement ”) by and among the Company and Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd (the “ Purchaser ”). At the closing of the Private Placement, the Company issued 13,888,889 shares of the Company’s common stock at par value and warrants to purchase up to an additional 13,888,889 shares of common stock (the “ PIPE warrants ”). The PIPE warrants became exercisable six months after issuance and had a five-year term, with an exercise price of $ 2.39 per share. The PIPE warrants were subject to a 4.99 % beneficial ownership limitation.

On March 4, 2024, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement (the “ PIPE Warrant Exercise Agreement ”) with an existing accredited investor (the “ PIPE Investor ”) to exercise in full the outstanding PIPE warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 13,888,889 shares of the Company’s common stock for gross proceeds of $ 33.2 million . Upon settlement of the PIPE warrants, a loss of $ 32.2 million was recognized as a result of the change in fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and is presented in net increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

2024 PIPE Warrant

In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the 2023 PIPE warrants, on March 5, 2024, the PIPE Investor received a new unregistered common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “ 2024 PIPE warrant ”) in a private placement. The 2024 PIPE Warrant became exercisable six months after issuance and had a five-year term, with an exercise price per share e qual to $ 4.75 .

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

The table below presents the value of the 2024 PIPE warrant under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:


	December 31, 2024
Value of each 2024 PIPE warrant	$	3.64
Exercise price	$	4.75
Common stock price	$	4.45
Expected option term (years)	4.7
Expected volatility	120.00 %
Risk-free rate of return	4.32 %
Expected annual dividend yield	— %

On February 10, 2025 the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement (the “ PIPE Warrant Exercise Agreement ”) with an existing accredited investor (the “ PIPE Investor ”) to exercise 4,500,000 of the outstanding PIPE warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for gross proceeds of $ 21.4 million . Upon settlement of the PIPE warrants, a gain of $ 0.2 million was recognized as a result of the change in fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and is presented in net increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

On February 11, 2025 the Company entered into an additional PIPE Warrant Exercise Agreement with the same PIPE Investor to exercise the remaining 4,500,000 of the outstanding PIPE warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for gross proceeds of $ 21.4 million . Upon settlement of the PIPE warrants, a gain of $ 0.1 million was recognized as a result of the change in fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and is presented in net increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

2026 Notes Conversion Option (restated)

On December 7, 2021, the Company issued $ 200.0 million of unsecured convertible notes (the “2026 Convertible Notes” ) to certain investors. The 2026 Convertible Notes contain conversion features that meet the definition of a derivative and require separate accounting treatment from the debt host.

The table below presents the value of the 2026 Notes Conversion Option under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Value of 2026 Notes Conversion Option	$	—	$	—
Conversion price	$	10.61	$	10.61
Common stock price	$	2.86	$	4.45
Expected option term (years)	1.7		2.0
Expected volatility	50.00 %		93.30 %
Risk-free rate of return	3.90 %		4.25 %
Expected annual dividend yield	— %		— %

As of March 31, 2025 , the 2026 Notes Conversion Option had a fair value of zero and is presented on the consolidated balance sheets within derivative liabilities.

As of March 31, 2025, the remaining principal of the 2026 Convertible Notes outstanding was $ 17.7 million.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

IPO Public Warrants

Each warrant issued in connection with the Company’s initial public offering (the “ IPO public warrants ”) entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $ 11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. Pursuant to the warrant agreement, a warrant holder may exercise its warrants only for a whole number of shares of common stock. This means only a whole warrant may be exercised at a given time by a warrant holder. The warrants will expire on December 7, 2026, at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may call the IPO public warrants for redemption as follows: (1) in whole and not in part; (2) at a price of $ 0.01 per warrant; (3) upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; (4) if there is an effective registration statement covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus available throughout the 30 -day notice period; and (5) only if the last reported closing price of the common stock equals or exceeds $ 18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 -trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If the Company calls the IPO public warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Company IPO public warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.”

The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the IPO public warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including stock dividends, stock splits, extraordinary dividends, consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of the Company’s common stock or other similar event. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant shares.

The table below presents the Company’s IPO public warrants issued and outstanding as of the following periods:


	March 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
IPO public warrants issued	12,251,606	12,168,378
IPO public warrants outstanding	12,251,606	12,168,378

IPO Private Warrants

The terms and provisions of the IPO public warrants above also apply to the private warrants issued by the Company (“ IPO private warrants ”). If the IPO private warrants are held by holders other than GigAcquisitions4, LLC (“ Sponsor ”), Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and Nomura Securities International, Inc. (together, the “Underwriters” ), or any respective permitted transferees, the IPO private warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the IPO public warrants. The Sponsor, the Underwriters and any respective permitted transferees have the option to exercise the IPO private warrants on a cashless basis.

The table below presents the value of the IPO private warrants under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Fair value of each IPO private warrant	$	0.94	$	1.84
Exercise price	$	11.50	$	11.50
Common stock price	$	2.86	$	1.46
Expected option term (in years)	1.7		2.2
Expected volatility	130.00 %		93.30 %
Risk-free rate of return	3.90 %		3.60 %
Expected annual dividend yield	— %		— %

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the IPO private warrants have a fair value of $ 0.1 million and $ 0.3 million and are presented on the consolidated balance sheets within derivative liabilities. The following was recognized as a result of the change in fair value for the three and the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 and is presented in net increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Gain on change in fair value of IPO private warrants		$	220	$	—

The table below presents the Company’s IPO private warrants issued and outstanding as of the following periods:


	March 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
IPO private warrants issued	366,533	366,533
IPO private warrants outstanding	74,166	157,394

Note 18 — Equity-Based Compensation

Class B Unit Incentive Plan

In February 2021, the Company’s parent, BBAI Ultimate Holdings, LLC (“ Parent ”) adopted a compensatory benefit plan (the “Class B Unit Incentive Plan” ) to provide incentives to directors, managers, officers, employees, consultants, advisors and/or other service providers of the Company’s Parent or its Subsidiaries in the form of the Parent’s Class B Units ( “Incentive Units” ). Incentive Units have a participation threshold of $ 1.00 and are divided into three tranches ( “Tranche I,” “Tranche II,” and “Tranche III” ). Tranche I Incentive Units are subject to performance-based, service-based and market-based conditions. The grant date fair value for the Incentive Units was $ 5.19 per unit.

The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the Incentive Units at the grant date are as follows:


			February 16, 2021
Volatility			57.0 %
Risk-free interest rate			0.1 %
Expected time to exit (in years)			1.6

On July 29, 2021, the Company’s Parent amended the Class B Unit Incentive Plan so that the Tranche I and the Tranche III Incentive Units immediately became fully vested, subject to continued employment or provision of services, upon the closing of the transaction stipulated in the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Gig Business Combination Agreement” ) dated J une 4, 2021. The Company’s Parent also amended the Class B Unit Incentive Plan so that the Tranche II Incentive Units will vest on any liquidation event, as defined in the Class B Unit Incentive Plan, rather than only upon the occurrence of an Exit Sale, subject to the market-based condition stipulated in the Class B Unit Incentive Plan prior to its amendment.

Equity-based compensation for awards with performance conditions is based on the probable outcome of the related performance condition. The performance conditions required to vest per the amended Incentive Plan remain improbable until they occur due to the unpredictability of the events required to meet the vesting conditions. As such events are not considered probable until they occur, recognition of equity-based compensation for the Incentive Units is deferred until the vesting conditions are met. Once the event occurs, unrecognized compensation cost associated with the performance-vesting Incentive Units (based on their modification date fair value) will be recognized based on the portion of the requisite service period that has been rendered.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

The modification date fair value of the Incentive Units was $ 9.06 per unit. The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the Incentive Units at the modification date are as follows:


			July 29, 2021
Volatility			46.0 %
Risk-free interest rate			0.2 %
Expected time to exit (in years)			1.2

The volatility used in the determination of the fair value of the Incentive Units was based on analysis of the historical volatility of guideline public companies and factors specific to the Company .

On December 7, 2021, the previously announced Gig Business Combination was consummated. A s a result, the Tranche I and Tranche III Incentive Units immediately became fully vested and the performance condition for the Tranche II Incentive Units was met. The fair value determined at the date of the amendment of the Class B Unit Incentive Plan was immediately recognized as compensation expense on the vesting date for Tranches I and III. Compensation expense for the Tranche II Incentive Units is recognized over the derived service period of 30 months from the modification date. The remaining compensation expense for the Tranche II Incentive Units will be recognized over the remaining service period of approximately 25 months from the date of the amendment. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company’s Parent modified the vesting conditions for four former employees. Under the original terms of the grant agreements, Incentive Units are forfeited upon separation. Due to the amended agreement, the Incentive Units held by the former employees are no longer contingent upon service and are considered vested as of the separation dates. The former employees will not receive the awards until the market condition is achieved. The result of the amended agreement is an accounting modification that resulted in 100 % of the compensation expense being recognized for the former employees based on the modification date fair value. The incremental compensation cost recognized as a result of the modification was $ 1.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

As of March 31, 2025, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to Tranche II Incentive Units and 1,155,000 units remain unvested.

Stock Options

On December 7, 2021, the Company adopted the BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan” ). The purpose of the Plan is to promote the long-term success of the Company and the creation of stockholder value by providing eligible employees, prospective employees, consultants and non-employee directors of the Company the opportunity to receive stock- and cash-based incentive awards.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, pursuant to the Plan, the Company’s Board of Directors granted certain grantees Stock Options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $ 3.39 . The Stock Options vest over four years with 25 % vesting on the one year anniversary of the grant date and 6.25 % vesting on the last day of each calendar quarter thereafter until the grant is fully vested. Vesting is contingent upon continued employment or service to the Company and is accelerated in the event of death, disability, or a change in control, subject to certain conditions; both the vested and unvested portion of a Grantee’s Stock Options will be immediately forfeited and cancelled if the Grantee ceases employment or service to the Company. The Stock Options expire on the 10 th anniversary of the grant date.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

The table below presents the fair value of Stock Options that were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 using the Black-Scholes OPM and the following assumptions:



						January 15, 2025
Number of Stock Options granted						671,141
Price of common stock on the grant date						$ 3.39
Expected option term (in years)						6.1
Expected volatility (1)						120 %
Risk-free rate of return						4.45 %
Expected annual dividend yield						— %

Fair value of the Stock Options on the grant date						$ 2.98

(1) Expected volatility is based on a combination of implied and historical equity volatility of selected reasonably similar publicly traded companies.

The table below presents the activity of outstanding stock options:


	Stock Options Outstanding	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value























Outstanding as of December 31, 2024	3,930,602	$	2.12	8.01	$	10,138
Granted	671,141	3.18
Vested	—	—
Exercised	( 983,434 )	1.41
Forfeited	( 699,815 )	1.40
Expired	—	—
Outstanding as of March 31, 2025	2,918,494	$	2.78	8.24	$	1,956

Vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2025	1,762,322	$	2.60	7.71	$	1,612

The stock options had $ 2.0 million intrinsic value as of March 31, 2025. The Company recognizes equity-based compensation expense for the stock options equal to the fair value of the awards on a straight-line basis over the service based vesting period. As of March 31, 2025, there was approximately $ 2.9 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the stock options, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 3 years.

Restricted Stock Units

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, pursuant to the Plan, the Company’s Board communicated the key terms and committed to grant Restricted Stock Units ( “RSUs” ) to certain employees and certain nonemployee directors and consultants. The Company granted 680,795 RSUs to employees and 84,068 RSUs to nonemployee directors during the three months ended March 31, 2025. RSUs granted to employees generally vest over four years , with 25 % vesting on the one year anniversary of the grant date and then 6.25 % per each quarter thereafter on the two, three and four year anniversary of the grant date. RSUs granted to nonemployee directors vest 25 % each quarter following the grant date or 100 % upon the first anniversary of the grant date. Vesting of RSUs is accelerated in the event of death, disability, or a change in control, subject to certain conditions.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

The table below presents the activity in the RSUs:


	RSUs Outstanding	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
















Unvested as of December 31, 2024	13,870,402	$	1.94
Granted	764,863	3.59
Vested	( 792,011 )	2.57
Forfeited	( 1,806,621 )	1.60
Unvested as of March 31, 2025	12,036,633	$	2.05

As of March 31, 2025 , there was approximately $ 20.7 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 1.46 years.

Performance Stock Units

Pursuant to the Plan, the Company’s Board communicated the key terms and granted Performance Stock Units ( “PSUs” ) to certain employees. The Company grants PSUs to certain employees with performance measures specific to the role of that employee or as a retention incentive (“ Discretionary PSUs ”). During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company granted zero Discretionary PSUs. The Company granted 991,548 Short-term Incentive PSUs (“ STI PSUs ”) to employees, which contain performance measures based on a combination of Company’s financial performance as well as the individual’s personal performance. The number of STI PSUs that will vest is based on the achievement of the performance criteria during each respective annual measurement period, provided that the employees remain in continuous service on each vesting date. Vesting will not occur unless a minimum performance criteria threshold is achieved.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Board approved a grant of 991,548 PSUs to certain employees related to STIP PSUs for the 2024 plan year. These STIP PSUs were granted in lieu of cash payouts and were fully vested upon award.

The table below presents the activity in the PSUs:


	PSUs Outstanding	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
















Unvested as of December 31, 2024	2,933,616	$	2.88
Granted	991,548	3.68
Vested	( 2,595,060 )	2.93
Forfeited	( 10,417 )	3.46
Unvested as of March 31, 2025	1,319,687	$	3.38

As of March 31, 2025, there was approximately $ 2.1 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the Retention PSUs and STI PSUs, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining average period of 0.88 years.

Employee Share Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)

Concurrently with the adoption of the Plan, the Company’s Board adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ ESPP ”), which authorizes the grant of rights to purchase common stock of the Company to employees, officers and directors (if they are otherwise employees) of the Company. As of March 31, 2025, the Company reserved an aggregate of 5,832,221 common shares (subject to annual increases on January 1 of each year and ending in 2031) of the Company’s common stock for grants under the ESPP. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, zero shares were sold under the ESPP. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has withheld employee contributions of $ 0.8 million for future ESPP purchases, which are presented on the consolidated balance sheets within other current liabilit ies.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

Equity-based compensation expense related to purchase rights issued under the ESPP is based on the Black-Scholes OPM fair value of the estimated number of awards as of the beginning of the offering period. Equity-based compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the offering period.

The table below presents the assumptions used to estimate the grant date fair value of the purchase rights under the ESPP:

December 31, 2024

Price of common stock on the grant date

$ 1.50 to $ 2.20

Expected term (in years)

0.50

Expected volatility (1)

122.9 % to 101.0 %

Risk-free rate of return

5.3 % to 4.3 %

Expected annual dividend yield

— %

Fair value of the award on the grant date

$ 0.74 to $ 2.15

(1) Expected volatility is based on a combination of implied and historical equity volatility of selected reasonably similar publicly traded companies.

As of March 31, 2025, there was approximately $ 0.2 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the ESPP, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 0.16 years.

Equity-based Compensation Expense

The table below presents the total equity-based compensation expense recognized for Class B Units, Stock Options, RSUs, PSUs, and ESPP in selling, general and administrative expense, cost of revenues, and research and development for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Equity-based compensation expense in selling, general and administrative		$	4,087	$	2,171
Equity-based compensation expense in cost of revenues		2,536		2,653
Equity-based compensation expense in research and development		777		333
Total equity-based compensation expense		$	7,400	$	5,157

Note 19 — Net Loss Per Share

The numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net loss per share are co mputed as follows (in thousands, except per share, unit and per unit data):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
Basic and diluted net loss per share		2025		2024
Numerator:
Net loss		$	( 61,986 )	$	( 127,792 )
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding—basic		252,341,401		187,279,204
Weighted average shares outstanding—diluted		252,341,401		187,279,204

Basic net loss per share		$	( 0.25 )	$	( 0.68 )
Diluted net loss per share		$	( 0.25 )	$	( 0.68 )

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

The following securities were not included in the computation of diluted shares outstanding because the effect would be anti-dilutive:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025	2024
Stock options		2,918,494	4,550,753
Private warrants		74,166	174,894
Public warrants		12,251,606	12,150,878
2023 PIPE warrants		—	—
2024 PIPE warrants		—	9,000,000
2023 RDO warrants		—	—
2024 RDO warrants		—	5,800,000
2025 RDO warrants		3,770,000	—
2026 Convertible notes		1,664,939	18,844,600
2029 Convertible notes		35,100,000	—
PSUs		2,752,613	1,841,002
RSUs		12,191,127	338,151
ESPP		575,303	1,128,675
Total		71,298,248	53,828,953

Note 20 — Revenues

Substantially all revenues were generated within the United States of America.

The table below presents total revenues by contract type for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Time and materials		$	23,232	$	17,960
Firm fixed price		7,102		10,046
Cost-reimbursable		4,423		5,115
Total revenues		$	34,757	$	33,121

The majority of the Company’s revenue is recognized over time. Revenue derived from contracts that recognize revenue at a point in time was insignificant for all periods presented.

The table below summarizes the activity in the allowance for expected credit losses:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Beginning balance		$	127	$	230
Additions		—		—
Write-offs		—		( 59 )
Recoveries		—		—
Ending balance		$	127	$	171

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

Concentration of Risk

Revenue earned from customers contributing in excess of 10% of total revenues are presented in the tables below for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
		Total		Percent of total revenues
Customer A		$	6,537	19	%
Customer B (1)		4,890		14	%
Customer C		4,341		12	%
Customer D (1)		3,563		10	%
Customer E (1)		—		—	%
All others		15,426		45	%
Total revenues		$	34,757	100	%



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
		Total		Percent of total revenues
Customer A		$	6,350	19	%
Customer B (1)		—		—	%
Customer C		4,594		14	%
Customer D (1)		—		—	%
Customer E (1)		7,113		21	%
All others		15,064		46	%
Total revenues		$	33,121	100	%

(1) Customers that contributed in excess of 10% of consolidated revenues in any period presented have been included in all periods presented for comparability.

Contract Balances

The table below presents the contract assets and contract liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheets for the following periods:



	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Contract assets	$	512	$	895
Contract liabilities	$	3,017	$	2,541

The change in contract assets between December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025 was primarily driven by invoices being issued for services previously rendered. The change in contract liability balances between December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025 was primarily driven by upfront payments for services yet to be rendered to customers. Revenue recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2025 that was included in the contract liability balance as of December 31, 2024 was $ 0.9 million .

When the Company’s estimate of total costs to be incurred to satisfy a performance obligation exceeds the expected revenue, the Company recognizes the loss immediately. When the Company determines that a change in estimate has an impact on the associated profit of a performance obligation, the Company records the cumulative positive or negative adjustment in the consolidated statements of operations . Changes in estimates and assumptions related to the status of certain long-term contracts may have a material effect on the Company’s operating results.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

The following table summarizes the impact of the net estimates at completion ( “EAC” ) adjustments on the Company’s operating results:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Net EAC Adjustments, before income taxes		$	410	$	( 240 )
Net EAC Adjustments, net of income taxes		$	324	$	( 189 )
Net EAC Adjustments, net of income taxes, per diluted share		$	—	$	—

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company includes in its computation of remaining performance obligations customer orders for which it has accepted signed sales orders and generally includes the funded and unfunded components of contracts that have been awarded. As of March 31, 2025, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remai ning performance obligations was $ 90.2 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 98 % of its remaining performance obligations as revenue within the next 12 months and the bal ance thereafter.

Note 21 — Segments

The Company has determined that it operates in a single operating and reportable segment, as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“ CODM ”) reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer.

Consolidated net loss is the primary measure of segment profitability used by the CODM to assess performance and to allocate resources to the segment. The Company’s significant segment expenses, which reflects segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM, consist of adjusted cost of revenues, adjusted selling and marketing, adjusted general and administrative, and adjusted research and development. Other material segment expenses and other segment items are presented to reconcile significant segment expenses to consolidated net loss.

The tables below present the Company’s operating segment results of operations for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025			2024
Revenues		$	34,757		$	33,121
Less significant segment expenses:
Adjusted cost of revenues		24,209		(a)	23,482		(f)
Adjusted selling and marketing		1,689		(b)	926		(b)
Adjusted general and administrative		12,179		(c)	11,961		(g)
Adjusted research and development		3,389		(d)	812		(d)


Goodwill impairment		—			85,000
Equity-based compensation expense		7,400			5,157
Net increase in fair value of derivatives		33,336			23,807
Interest income		( 556 )			( 447 )
Interest expense		5,116			6,385
Depreciation and amortization		3,470			2,439
Loss on extinguishment of debt		2,577			—
Other segment items		3,934		(e)	1,391		(h)
Consolidated net loss		$	( 61,986 )		$	( 127,792 )

(a) Adjusted cost of revenues consists of cost of revenues adjusted to remove amortization expense and equity-based compensation expense.

(b) Adjusted selling and marketing consists of selling and marking costs adjusted to remove equity-based compensation expense.

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BIGBEAR.AI HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited, thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise)

(c) Adjusted general and administrative consists of general and administrative costs adjusted to remove depreciation and amortization costs, equity-based compensation expense, employer payroll taxes related to equity-based compensation, non-recurring strategic initiatives costs, non-recurring integration costs, and non-recurring litigation expenses.

(d) Adjusted research and development expenses consists of research and development costs adjusted to remove equity-based compensation expense.

(e) Other segment items included in consolidated net loss includes employer payroll taxes related to equity-based compensation, non-recurring strategic initiatives costs, non-recurring integration costs, non-recurring litigation costs, restructuring charges, income tax expense, and other income and expense.

(f) Adjusted cost of revenues consists of cost of revenues adjusted to remove equity-based compensation expense.

(g) Adjusted general and administrative consists of general and administrative costs adjusted to remove depreciation and amortization costs, equity-based compensation expense, employer payroll taxes related to equity-based compensation, non-recurring integration, and non-recurring litigation expenses.

(h) Other segment items included in consolidated net loss includes employer payroll taxes related to equity-based compensation, non-recurring strategic initiatives costs, non-recurring litigation costs, non-recurring integration costs, restructuring charges, transaction expenses, income tax expense, and other income and expense.

Note 22 — Subsequent Events

On April 11, 2025, the Company reconvened a special meeting of stockholders (the “Special Meeting”), which was initially convened on March 31, 2025 and adjourned to April 11, 2025 due to a lack of quorum based on the February 28, 2025 record date. At the reconvened Special Meeting, a quorum was present and the stockholders approved the issuance of the Company’s common stock upon the conversion of its 2029 Convertible Notes and shares of the Company’s common stock in lieu of cash interest payments on the 2029 Convertible Notes.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis provides information that BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. (“BigBear.ai”, “BigBear.ai Holdings”, or the “Company”) management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of BigBear.ai’s audited consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction wit h BigBear.ai’s consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q . Certain information contained in this management discussion and analysis includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. Please see “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on Form 10-K . Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “BigBear.ai,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc.

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations of BigBear.ai is provided to supplement the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes of BigBear.ai included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q . We intend for this discussion to provide the reader with information to assist in understanding BigBear.ai’s consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes, the changes in those financial statements and the accompanying notes from period to period, along with the primary factors that accounted for those changes. All amounts presented below are in thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise.

The discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations of BigBear.ai is organized as follows:

• Business Overview : This section provides a general description of BigBear.ai’s business, our priorities and the trends affecting our industry in order to provide context for management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations.

• Recent Developments : This section provides recent developments that we believe are necessary to understand our financial condition and results of operations.

• Results of Operations : This section provides a discussion of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

• Liquidity and Capital Resources : This section provides an analysis of our ability to generate cash and to meet existing or reasonably likely future cash requirements.

• Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates : This section discusses the accounting policies and estimates that we consider important to our financial condition and results of operations and that require significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in their application. In addition, our significant accounting policies, including critical accounting policies, are summarized in Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Business Overview

Our mission is to help deliver clarity for the world’s most complex decisions. BigBear.ai is a leading provider of Edge AI-powered decision intelligence solutions for national security, supply chain management and digital identity. Customers and partners rely on BigBear.ai’s predictive analytics capabilities in highly complex, distributed, mission-based operating environments. We are a technology-led solutions organization, providing both software and services to our customers.

Recent Developments

2029 Convertible Notes

On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into privately negotiated exchange agreements (the “ Exchange Transaction ”) with a limited number of holders of the Company’s 2026 Convertible Notes, to exchange the 2026 Convertible Notes for new senior secured convertible notes due 2029 (the “ 2029 Convertible Notes ”, together with the 2026 Convertible Notes, the “ Convertible Notes ”). The Company exchanged approximately $182.3 million principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes for $182.3

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million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 2029 Convertible Notes. The 2029 Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of (i) 6.0% per annum, if interest is paid in cash and (ii) 7.0% per annum, if the Company elects, subject to certain conditions, to pay interest in kind with shares of its common stock, subject to other adjustments if certain liquidity requirements are not met. The conversion rate is 281.4491 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2029 Convertible Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of $3.55 per share of the Company’s common stock.

$57.7 million of the 2029 Convertible Notes have been voluntarily converted by noteholders following the Exchange Transaction. These conversions have resulted in the issuance of approximately 16.7 million shares of common stock in exchange for the retirement of the respective notes.

Pangiam Acquisition

On February 29, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of Pangiam Intermediate Holdings, LLC (“ Pangiam ” or the “ Pangiam Acquisition ”), a leader in vision AI for the global trade, travel and digital identity industries. The combination of BigBear.ai and Pangiam creates one of the industry’s most comprehensive vision and edge AI portfolios, combining facial recognition, image-based anomaly detection and advanced biometrics with BigBear.ai’s computer vision and predictive analytics capabilities, positioning the Company as a foundational leader in how artificial intelligence is operationalized at the edge.

RDO Warrant Exercise

On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement with an existing accredited investor (the “ RDO Investor ”) to exercise in full the outstanding Registered Direct Offering to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,886,255 shares of the Company’s common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $20.6 million (the “ RDO warrants ”) . In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the RDO warrants, the RDO Investor received a new unregistered common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “ 2024 RDO warrant ”) in a private placement. The 2024 RDO warrants became exercisable six months after issuance and had a five-year term, with an exercise price per share equal to $3.78. These warrants were fully exercised during the first quarter of 2025.

On February 5, 2025, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement with an existing accredited investor to exercise in full an outstanding Common Stock Purchase Warrant, the 2024 RDO warrant, to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the existing warrant for cash, the investor received a new unregistered Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,770,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2025 RDO Warrant”) in a private placement.

The 2025 RDO Warrant will become exercisable commencing any time on or after August 6, 2025 (the “Exercise Date”) with an expiration date five years after the Exercise Date with an exercise price per share equal to $9.00. The gross proceeds to the Company from the exercise were $21.9 million, prior to deducting estimated offering expenses.

Private Placement Warrant Exercise

On March 4, 2024, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement with an existing accredited investor (the “ PIPE Investor ”) to exercise in full the outstanding PIPE warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 13,888,889 shares of the Company’s common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $33.2 million. In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the PIPE warrants, the PIPE Investor received a new unregistered common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “ 2024 PIPE warrant ”) in a private placement. The 2024 PIPE warrant became exercisable six months after issuance and had a five-year term, with an exercise price per share equal to $4.75. These warrants were fully exercised during the first quarter of 2025.

Global Economic and Geopolitical Environment

The majority of our revenue is derived from federal government contracts. Funding for U.S. Government programs is subject to a variety of factors that can affect our business, including the administration’s budget requests and procurement priorities and policies, annual congressional budget authorization and appropriation processes, and other U.S. Government domestic and international priorities. U.S. Government spending levels, particularly defense spending, and timely funding thereof can affect our financial performance over the short and long term.

We anticipate the federal budget, debt ceiling, regulatory environment, and potential tax reform will continue to be subject to debate and compromise shaped by, among other things, the new Administration and Congress, heightened political tensions, the

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global security environment, inflationary pressures, and macroeconomic conditions. The result may be shifting funding priorities, which could have material impacts on defense spending broadly and our programs. Additionally, the administration continues to take steps to evaluate government-wide and defense-specific staffing and procurement, which includes assessing mission priorities, procurement methods, program performance, and other factors and then potentially taking action based on those assessments. Those actions remain uncertain and could result in impacts to both our current and future business prospects and financial performance.

Additionally, the President of the United States has issued multiple Executive Orders, including two that are intended to (i) simplify and accelerate the procurement process through a review and restructuring of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), and its supplements and (ii) modernize defense acquisitions by promoting commercial solutions, innovative acquisition authorities, and other existing streamlined processes. Among the actions directed by the President is a review of major defense acquisition programs that are behind schedule or over budget, including identifying any programs for potential cancellation. While the impact of these reforms on our business is uncertain, they could potentially lead to changes in the way we interact with the U.S. Government. We will continue to monitor and assess their effects on our business and financial results. Should the U.S. Government review one or more major defense programs in which we provide solutions or services, and this review leads to a full or partial cancellation of one of these programs, this could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We continue to expect the global economic and geopolitical environment to drive adoption of our offerings over the long term, as it has heightened the need for advanced AI tools that provide enhanced intelligence and full spectrum cyber operations – areas where we believe we have unmatched capabilities. While these challenges are still evolving and the eventual outcome remains highly uncertain, we do not believe that these events will have a material impact on our business and results of operations. However, if these challenges worsen, leading to greater disruptions and uncertainty within the technology industry or global economy, our business and results of operations could be negatively impacted.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

We generate revenue by providing our customers with Edge AI-powered decision intelligence solutions and services for data ingestion, data enrichment, data processing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, predictive analytics and predictive visualization. We have a diverse base of customers, including government defense, government intelligence, as well as various commercial enterprises. We generate revenue from providing both software and services to our customers.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues primarily includes salaries, stock-based compensation expense, and benefits for personnel involved in performing the services described above, as well as allocated overhead and other direct costs.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”)

SG&A expenses include salaries, equity-based compensation expense, and benefits for personnel involved in our executive, finance, accounting, legal, human resources, and administrative functions, as well as third-party professional services and fees, and allocated overhead.

Research and development

Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries, equity-based compensation expense, and benefits for personnel involved in research and development activities as well as allocated overhead. Certain research and development expenses relate to software developed for sale, lease, or will otherwise be marketed. Costs incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility and prior to the general availability of the software, are capitalized when they are expected to become significant. All other research and development expenses are expensed in the period incurred.

Restructuring charges

Restructuring charges consist of employee separation costs related to strategic cost saving initiatives to better align our organization and cost structure and improve the affordability of our products and services as well as employee separation costs associated with strategic changes in certain key leadership roles.

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Transaction expenses

Transaction expenses incurred in 2024 consist of diligence, legal and other related expenses associated with the Pangiam Acquisition, which was completed on February 29, 2024.

Goodwill impairment

Goodwill impairment consists of non-cash impairments of goodwill.

Net increase in fair value of derivatives

Net increase in fair value of derivatives consists of fair value remeasurements of the 2029 Convertible Notes Conversion Option, 2026 Convertible Notes Conversion Option, PIPE warrants, RDO warrants, and IPO private warrants.

Interest expense

Interest expense consists primarily of interest expense, commitment fees, debt issuance discount amortization, and debt issuance cost amortization under our debt agreements.

Income tax expense (benefit)

Income tax expense (benefit) consists of income taxes related to federal and state jurisdictions in which we conduct business.

Results of Operations

The table below presents our consolidated statements of operations for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Revenues		$	34,757	$	33,121
Cost of revenues		27,369		26,135
Gross margin		7,388		6,986
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		22,732		16,948
Research and development		4,166		1,144
Restructuring charges		1,698		860
Transaction expenses		—		1,103
Goodwill impairment		—		85,000
Operating loss		(21,208)		(98,069)
Net increase in fair value of derivatives		33,336		23,807

Loss on extinguishment of debt		2,577		—
Interest expense		5,116		6,385
Other income, net		(276)		(455)
Loss before taxes		(61,961)		(127,806)
Income tax expense (benefit)		25		(14)
Net loss		$	(61,986)	$	(127,792)

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

Revenues


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Year-Over-Year Change
	2025		2024		2025 vs 2024
Revenues	$	34,757	$	33,121	$	1,636	4.9	%

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Revenues increased by $1.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to additional revenue related to Department of Homeland Security and Digital Identity awards.

Cost of Revenues


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Year-Over-Year Change
	2025			2024			2025 vs 2024
Cost of revenues	$	27,369		$	26,135		$	1,234	4.7	%




Cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues	79		%	79		%

Cost of revenues as a percentage of total revenues was 79% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The increase in cost of revenues is a result of higher revenue due to additional revenue related to the Department of Homeland Security and Digital Identity awards.

SG&A


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Year-Over-Year Change
	2025			2024			2025 vs 2024
SG&A	$	22,732		$	16,948		$	5,784	34.1	%
SG&A as a percentage of revenues	65		%	51		%

SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased to 65% as compared to 51% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The year-over-year increases include Pangiam’s headcount and operating expenses not fully included in the first quarter of 2024 (the Pangiam acquisition was completed on February 29, 2024) as well as the carrying cost of excess resource capacity due to delays in government funding on certain programs during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Research and Development


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Year-Over-Year Change
	2025		2024		2025 vs 2024
Research and development	$	4,166	$	1,144	$	3,022	264.2	%

Research and development expenses increased by $3.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in research and development expenses was driven by increased headcount, the timing of certain research and development projects, as well as the inclusion of Pangiam’s results.

Restructuring Charges


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Year-Over-Year Change
	2025		2024		2025 vs 2024
Restructuring charges	$	1,698	$	860	$	838	97.4	%

Restructuring charges increased by $0.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. Restructuring charges consist of employee separation costs related to strategic cost saving initiatives to better align our organization and cost structure and improve the affordability of our products and services as well as employee separation costs associated with strategic changes in certain key leadership roles.

Transaction Expenses


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Year-Over-Year Change
	2025		2024		2025 vs 2024
Transaction expenses	$	—	$	1,103	$	(1,103)	(100.0)	%

Transaction expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 consist of diligence, legal and other related expenses associated with the Pangiam Acquisition.

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Goodwill Impairment


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Year-Over-Year Change
	2025		2024			2025 vs 2024
Goodwill impairment	$	—	$	85,000		$	(85,000)	(100.0)	%

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $85.0 million primarily driven by a decrease in share price during the quarter compared to the share price of the equity issued as consideration for the acquisition of Pangiam.

Net increase in fair value of derivatives


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Year-Over-Year Change
	2025		2024			2025 vs 2024
Net increase in fair value of derivatives	$	33,336	$	23,807		$	9,529	40.0	%

The net increase in fair value of derivatives of $33.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 includes fair value remeasurements of the 2029 Notes Conversion Option, IPO private warrants, 2024 PIPE warrants, 2024 RDO warrants and 2025 RDO warrants. The 2024 PIPE warrants and the 2024 RDO warrant were exercised and fully settled during the three months ended March 31, 2025. In connection with the exercise of the 2024 RDO warrants, the Company issued 3.77 million RDO warrants. The 2023 PIPE warrants and the 2023 RDO warrant were exercised and fully settled during the three months ended March 31, 2024 .

Interest Expense


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Year-Over-Year Change
	2025		2024		2025 vs 2024
Interest expense	$	5,116	$	6,385	$	(1,269)	(19.9)	%

Interest expense during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 consists primarily of interest expense, debt issuance discount amortization, and debt issuance cost amortization under our Convertible Notes. See the Liquidity and Capital Resources section below for more information. The change in interest expense during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 is primarily due to a lower average principal balance on the 2029 Convertible Notes due to conversion activity during the the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Other income, net


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Year-Over-Year Change
	2025		2024		2025 vs 2024
Other income, net	$	(276)	$	(455)	$	179	(39.3)	%

The change in other income during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 is primarily driven by interest income earned on money market accounts, partially offset by losses on foreign currency transactions.

Income Tax Benefit


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Year-Over-Year Change
	2025			2024			2025 vs 2024
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	25		$	(14)		$	39	(278.6)	%
Effective tax rate	—		%	—		%

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the three months ended March 31, 2024 are consistent. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 differs from the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to state and local income taxes, permanent differences between book and taxable income, certain discrete items and the change in valuation allowance.The expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily relates to income derived from our United Kingdom entity.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company has determined that it is not more-likely-than-not that substantially all of its deferred tax

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assets will be realized in the future and continues to have a full valuation allowance established against its deferred tax assets.

Refer to Note 13—Income Taxes of the Notes to consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information.

Supplemental Non-GAAP Information

The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate its operating performance, generate future operating plans, and make strategic decisions, including those relating to operating expenses and the allocation of internal resources. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure not calculated in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net loss adjusted for interest expense, interest income, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation and associated employer payroll taxes, net increase in fair value of derivatives, restructuring charges, non-recurring strategic initiatives, non-recurring litigation, transaction expenses, non-recurring integration costs, goodwill impairment, and loss on extinguishment of debt. Non-GAAP financial performance measures are used to sup plement the financial information presented on a GAAP basis. This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the relevant GAAP measures and should be read in conjunction with information presented on a GAAP basis. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, computed in accordance with GAAP:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
Net loss		$	(61,986)	$	(127,792)
Interest expense		5,116		6,385
Interest income		(556)		(447)
Income tax expense (benefit)		25		(14)
Depreciation and amortization		3,470		2,439

EBITDA*		(53,931)		(119,429)
Adjustments:
Equity-based compensation		7,400		5,156
Employer payroll taxes related to equity-based compensation (1)		1,015		664
Net increase in fair value of derivatives (2)		33,336		23,807
Restructuring charges (3)		1,698		860
Non-recurring strategic initiatives (4)		894		—
Non-recurring litigation (5)		22		(121)
Transaction expenses (6)		—		1,103
Non-recurring integration costs (7)		—		1,334
Goodwill impairment (8)		—		85,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt (9)		2,577		—






Adjusted EBITDA*		$	(6,989)	$	(1,626)


(1)			Includes employer payroll taxes due upon the vesting of equity awards granted to employees.
(2)			The change in fair value of derivatives during the three months ended March 31, 2025, relates to the $14.0 million loss recorded upon the exercise of the 2024 RDO and 2024 PIPE Warrants (the “2024 Warrants”) and issuance of the warrants in 2025 (the “2025 Warrants”) in connection with the warrant exercise agreements entered into on February 5, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there was loss related to a mark-to-market adjustment of $59.9M adjustment for the debt to equity conversions during the period. There was an offsetting gain related to the fair market value adjustment on the 2025 warrants and the private warrants of $10.3 million. Additionally, there was an offsetting gain of $30.3 million fair market value adjustment of the 2026 and 2029 Notes Conversion Option, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The increase in fair value of derivatives during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, relates to the $52.9 million loss recorded upon the exercise of the 2023 RDO and 2023 PIPE Warrants (the “2023 Warrants”) in connection with the warrant exercise agreements entered into on February 27, 2024 and March 4, 2024. This loss was offset by gains of $10.6 million, net of cash proceeds received, related to the issuance of warrants in 2024 (the “2024 Warrants”). In addition, an $18.3 million reduction in fair value was recorded on the 2024 Warrants issued in connection with the warrant exercise agreements as the fair value decreased from the issue date to quarter end.


(3)			During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company incurred employee separation costs associated with a strategic review of the Company’s capacity and future projections to better align the organization and cost structure and improve the affordability of its products and services.
(4)			Non-recurring professional fees related to the execution of certain strategic initiatives of the Company.

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(5)			Non-recurring litigation consists primarily of legal settlements and related fees for specific proceedings that we have determined arise outside of the ordinary course of business based on the following considerations which we assess regularly: (1) the frequency of similar cases that have been brought to date, or are expected to be brought within two years; (2) the complexity of the case; (3) the nature of the remedy(ies) sought, including the size of any monetary damages sought; (4) offensive versus defensive posture of us; (5) the counterparty involved; and (6) our overall litigation strategy.
(6)			Transaction expenses during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 consist primarily of diligence, legal and other related expenses incurred associated with the Pangiam acquisition.
(7)			Non-recurring internal integration costs related to the Pangiam acquisition.
(8)			During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized a non-cash goodwill impairment charge primarily driven by a decrease in share price during the quarter compared to the share price of the equity issued as consideration for the purchase of Pangiam.

(9)			Loss on extinguishment of debt is related to voluntary conversions of the 2029 Notes to common stock and the related extinguishment of unamortized debt discount and debt costs.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow is defined as net cash used in operating activities less capital expenditures. Management believes free cash flow is useful to investors, analysts and others because it provides a meaningful measure of the Company’s ability to generate cash and meet its debt obligations.

The table below presents a reconciliation of free cash flow to net cash used in operating activities, computed in accordance with GAAP:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(6,664)	$	(14,359)
Capital expenditures, net	(1,620)		(1,681)
Free cash flow	$	(8,284)	$	(16,040)

Key Performance Indicators

Backlog

We view growth in backlog as a key measure of our business growth. Backlog represents the estimated dollar value of contracts that we have been awarded for which work has not yet been performed, and in certain cases, our estimate of known opportunities for future contract awards on customer programs that we are currently supporting.

The majority of our historical revenues are derived from contracts with the Federal Government and its various agencies. In accordance with the general procurement practices of the Federal Government, most contracts are not fully funded at the time of contract award. As work under the contract progresses, our customers may add incremental funding up to the initial contract award amount. We generally do not deliver goods and services to our customers in excess of the appropriated contract funding.

At the time of award, certain contracts may include options for our customers to procure additional goods and services under the contract. Options do not create enforceable rights and obligations until exercised by our customers and thus we only recognize revenues related to options as each option is exercised. Contracts with such provisions may or may not specify the exact scope, nor corresponding price, associated with options; however, these contracts will generally identify the expected period of performance for each option. In cases where we have negotiated the estimated scope and price of an option in the contract with our customer, we use that information to measure our backlog and we refer to this as Priced Unexercised Options. If a contract does not specify the scope, level-of-effort, or price related to options to procure additional goods and services, we estimate the backlog associated with those options based on our discussions with our customer, our current level of support on the customer’s program, and the period of performance for each option that was negotiated in the contract. We refer to this as Unpriced Unexercised Options.

We define backlog in these categories to provide the reader with additional context as to the nature of our backlog and so that the reader can understand the varying degrees of risk, uncertainty, and where applicable, management’s estimates and judgements used in determining backlog at the end of a period. The categories of backlog are further defined below.

• Funded Backlog. Funded backlog represents the remaining contract value of goods and services to be delivered under existing contracts for which funding is appropriated or otherwise authorized less revenues previously recognized on these contracts.

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• Unfunded backlog. Unfunded backlog represents the remaining contract value, or portion thereof, of goods and services to be delivered under existing contracts for which funding has not been appropriated or otherwise authorized.

• Priced Unexercised Options. Priced unexercised contract options represent the remaining contract value of goods and services to be delivered under existing contracts if our customer elects to exercise all of the options available in the contract. For priced unexercised options, we measure backlog based on the corresponding contract values assigned to the options as negotiated in our contract with our customer.

• Unpriced Unexercised Options. Unpriced unexercised contract options represent the remaining contract value of goods and services to be delivered under existing contracts if our customer elects to exercise all of the options available in the contract. For unpriced unexercised options, we estimate backlog generally under the assumption that our current level of support on the contract will persist for each option period.

The following table summarizes certain backlog information (in thousands):



	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Funded	$	19,796	$	46,552
Unfunded	70,439		72,474
Priced, unexercised options	278,816		283,258
Unpriced, unexercised options	15,877		16,021

Total backlog	$	384,928	$	418,305

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows provided by our operations and access to our existing ATM Program, as available. We have also generated liquidity through private placements of our common stock and warrants. Our primary short-term cash requirements are to fund payroll obligations, working capital, operating lease obligations, interest payments and short-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt. Working capital requirements can vary significantly from period to period, particularly as a result of the timing of receipts and disbursements related to long-term contracts. Based on our projected cash flow and liquidity needs, we believe that our cash from operating activities generated from continuing operations during the year will be adequate for the next 12 months to meet our anticipated uses of cash flow.

Our medium-term to long-term cash requirements are to service and repay debt and to invest in facilities, equipment, technologies, and research and development for growth initiatives.

Our ability to fund our medium-term to long-term cash needs will depend, in part, on our ability to generate cash in the future, which depends on our future financial results. Our future results are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors that may be outside of our control. Our future access to, and the availability of credit on acceptable terms and conditions, is impacted by many factors, including capital market liquidity and overall economic conditions.

ATM Program

I n April 2023, the Company filed an automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (the “2023 Shelf Registration Statement”) with the SEC registering an indeterminate amount of its common stock, preferred stock, warrants, rights, and units (collectively, “Company securities”). which the SEC declared effective on April 21. 2023. In May 2024, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to the 2023 Shelf Registration Statement which allows the Company to sell, from time to time and at its discretion, Company securities having an aggregate offering price of up to $150 million including shares of common stock that may be sold pursuant to the Company’s controlled equity offering agreement, dated as of May 10, 2024 (the “Controlled Equity Offering Agreement”), with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.. (“Cantor”), as sales agent, under an “at the market” offering program (the “ATM Program”).

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stipulates that the Company will pay Cantor a commission equal to up to 3.0% of the gross offering proceeds of any shares of common stock sold to or through Cantor pursuant to the Controlled Equity Offering Agreement. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from sales of common stock issued under the ATM Program for general corporate and working capital purposes. The timing of any sales and the number of shares sold will depend on a variety of factors to be determined and considered by the Company. The Company is not obligated to sell any shares under the Controlled Equity Offering Agreement.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company sold 1,936,000 shares of common stock under the ATM Program for an aggregate offering price of $6.6 million. Total issuance costs related to the ATM Program as of March 31, 2025 were approximately $0.1 million, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of approximately $6.5 million. As of March 31, 2025, approximately $143.4 million in capacity remained available under the 2023 Shelf Registration Statement.

While we intend to reduce debt over time using cash provided by operations, we may also attempt to meet long-term debt obligations, if necessary, by obtaining capital from a variety of additional sources or by refinancing existing obligations. These sources include public or private capital markets, bank financings, proceeds from dispositions or other third-party sources.

Our available liquidity as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , consisted primarily of available cash and cash equivalents. The following table details our available liquidity:



	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Available cash and cash equivalents	$	107,610	$	50,141
Available borrowings from our existing credit facilities (1)	—		—
Total available liquidity	$	107,610	$	50,141

(1) Represents the total amount available under the credit facility, which is subject to borrowing base adjustments that limit the total amount available under the credit facilities to 90% of Eligible Prime Government Receivables and Eligible Subcontractor Government Receivables, plus 85% of Eligible Commercial Receivables. These credit facilities were terminated on December 19, 2024.

The following table summarizes borrowings under our debt obligations as of the dates indicated:



	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
2026 Convertible Notes	$	17,668	$	17,668
2029 Convertible Notes	124,605		182,332


D&O Financing Loan	818		818
Total debt	143,091		200,818

Less: Derivative liabilities related to 2029 Convertible Notes	—		—
Less: unamortized debt issuance discount and costs	41,685		64,596
Total debt, net	101,406		136,222
Less: current portion	818		818
Long-term debt, net	$	100,588	$	135,404

Convertible Notes

On May 29, 2022, pursuant to the conversion rate adjustment provisions in the 2026 Convertible Notes indenture, the Conversion Price was adjusted to $10.61 (or 94.2230 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Convertible Notes) because the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of the common stock during the preceding 30 trading days was less than $10.00 (the “ Conversion Rate Reset ”). Subsequent to the Conversion Rate Reset, the 2026 Convertible Notes are convertible into 18,844,600 shares, not including any interest payments that are settled with the issuance of shares.

On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into privately negotiated exchange agreements (each, an “ Exchange Agreement ”) with a limited number of holders of the Company’s existing 2026 Convertible Notes, to exchange the existing convertible notes

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for new senior secured convertible notes due 2029 (the “2029 Convertible Notes ”, together with the 2026 Convertible Notes, the “ Convertible Notes ”). The Company exchanged (the “ Exchange Transaction ”) approximately $182.3 million principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes for $182.3 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 2029 Convertible Notes and approximately $0.4 million in cash, with such cash payment representing the accrued and unpaid interest on such then existing Convertible Notes. The 2029 Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of (i) 6.0% per annum, if interest is paid in cash and (ii) 7.0% per annum, if we elect, subject to certain conditions, to pay interest in kind with shares of our common stock. To the extent that the certain liquidity conditions of us and our subsidiaries is not satisfied as of the last business day of any calendar month, then with respect to the period applicable to the interest payment date immediately following the month in which such liquidity condition is not satisfied, the interest rate will be (i) 9.00% per annum, if interest is paid in cash and (ii) 10.00% per annum, if we elect, subject to certain conditions, to pay interest in kind with shares of our common stock (it being understood that such increased rate shall apply solely for such six-month period applicable to such interest payment date). The initial conversion rate is 281.4491 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2029 Convertible Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of $3.55 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate and the conversion price are subject to adjustments. The exchange was accounted for as an extinguishment of the 2026 Convertible Notes and the 2029 Convertible Notes were recognized at fair value, which approximated the carrying amount of the principal balances exchanged.

The 2029 Convertible Notes were issued pursuant to, and are governed by, an indenture, dated as of December 27, 2024. The 2029 Convertible Notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior, secured basis, by the Company and certain of its existing and future direct and indirect subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions (the “Guarantors”), and will initially be secured on a first-priority basis by substantially all assets of the Company and such Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions.

Upon completion of the Exchange Transaction, the aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes outstanding was $17.7 million. The Company did not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Convertible Notes pursuant to the Exchange Transactions.

The 2026 Convertible Notes and the 2029 Convertible Notes require the Company to meet certain financial and other covenants. The 2029 Convertible Notes added a covenant that requires the Company to maintain liquidity of at least $15 million measured as of the last business day of any month. As of March 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Convertible Notes.


	Outstanding balance		Unamortized issuance costs		Net principal balance		Fair value
2026 Convertible Notes	$	17,668	$	(2,122)	$	15,546	$	15,546
2029 Convertible Notes	124,605		(39,563)		85,042		82,950
Total	$	142,273	$	(41,685)	$	100,588	$	98,496

D&O Financing Loan

On December 13, 2024, the Company entered into a $1.1 million loan (the “2025 D&O Financing Loan” ) with AFCO Credit Corporation to finance the Company’s directors and officers insurance premium through September 2025. The D&O Financing Loan has an interest rate of 5.99% per annum and a maturity date of September 8, 2025.

On December 20, 2023, the Company entered into a $1.2 million loan (the “2024 D&O Financing Loan” ) with US Premium Finance to finance the Company’s directors and officers insurance premium through September 2024. The D&O Financing Loan had an interest rate of 6.99% per annum and a maturity date of September 8, 2024. The 2024 D&O Financing Loan was fully repaid at maturity.

RDO Warrant Exercise

On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement with an existing accredited investor to exercise in full the outstanding RDO warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,886,255 shares of the Company’s common stock for total gross proceeds of approximately $20.6 million, prior to deducting estimated offering expenses.

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PIPE Warrant Exercise

On March 4, 2024, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement with an existing accredited investor to exercise in full the outstanding PIPE warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 13,888,889 shares of the Company’s common stock for total gross proceeds of approximately $33.2 million, prior to deducting estimated offering expenses.

Cash Flows

The table below summarizes certain information from our consolidated statements of cash flows for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Net cash used in operating activities	(6,664)		(14,359)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(1,620)		12,254
Net cash provided by financing activities	65,943		50,960
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(190)		—
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	57,469		48,855
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period	50,141		32,557
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	$	107,610	$	81,412

Operating activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash used in operating activities was $6.7 million. Net loss before deducting depreciation, amortization and other non-cash items was $12.0 million and was further impacted by a favorable change in net working capital of $5.4 million which partially offset operating cash outflows during this period. The favorable change in net working capital was largely driven by a decrease in accounts receivable of $4.3 million, an increase in accrued expenses of $4.4 million, an increase in other liabilities of $1.7 million, an increase in contract liabilities of $0.5 million, and a decrease in contract assets of $0.4 million. These were partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable of $4.2 million and an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $1.8 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $14.4 million. Net loss before deducting depreciation, amortization and other non-cash items was $7.8 million and was further impacted by an unfavorable change in net working capital of $6.5 million which reduced operating cash flows during this period. The unfavorable change in net working capital was largely driven by an increase in accounts receivable of $9.0 million and a decrease in accounts payable of $6.0 million. These were partially offset by an increase in accrued liabilities of $2.6 million, a decrease in contract assets of $2.4 million, an increase in contract liabilities of $1.8 million, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $1.0 million, and an increase in other liabilities of $0.6 million.

Investing activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash used in investing activities was $1.6 million, primarily consisting of capitalized software development costs of $1.5 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by investing activities was $12.3 million, primarily consisting of cash acquired from the Pangiam acquisition of $13.9 million, partially offset by capitalized software development costs of $1.6 million.

Financing activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities was $65.9 million, primarily consisting of the net proceeds from the exercise of the 2024 PIPE warrants and 2024 RDO warrants of $64.7 million and proceeds of $6.6 million from the issuance of common stock under our ATM Program. These cash inflows were partially offset by payment of debt issuance costs to third parties in connection with the Exchange Transaction of $4.3 million and payment of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards of $1.3 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $51.0 million, primarily consisting of the net proceeds from the issuance of the Private Placement and Registered Direct Offering shares of $53.8 million, partially offset by the payment of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards of $2.5 million and the net repayment of $0.4

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million related to the 2023 D&O Financing Loan.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

For the critical accounting estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements, we make assumptions and judgments that can have a significant impact on revenue and expenses in our consolidated statements of operations , as well as, on the value of certain assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We base our assumptions, judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our critical accounting estimates are disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2024 , as filed with the SEC on March 25, 2025.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is a smaller reporting company and is not required to provide the information required under this Item 3.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that as of March 31, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the existence of a previously reported material weakness in internal control over financial reporting. The material weaknesses were identified and discussed in “Part II - Item 9A - Controls and Procedures” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Management’s Reporting on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes.

Our management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. This assessment was based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Based on this assessment, management concluded that material weaknesses exist in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements could occur but will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K did not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission for newly public companies.

In addition, because we are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for so long as we are an emerging growth company.

Remediation Efforts to Address Material Weaknesses

Management has and will continue to enhance the execution and review of technical accounting policies related to transactions

that are subject to significant judgement, differences in interpretation, or otherwise are non-routine, unusual, or complex.

The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable remedial controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of these material weaknesses will be completed during the second quarter of 2025.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

Other than the steps taken to work towards the remediation of the material weakness identified above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a - 15(d) and 15d - 15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations of Effectiveness of Controls

The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Accordingly, in designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal controls as necessary or appropriate for our business but cannot assure you that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are subject to litigation, claims, investigations and audits arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Although legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, we intend to vigorously defend against any matters currently pending against us. The outcome of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For a discussion of the material factors that make an investment in the Company risky, please see the risk factors disclosed in “Item 1A, Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to materially affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, projected results and future prospects. These risks are not exclusive and additional risks to which we are subject include the factors mentioned under “Forward-Looking Statements” and the risks described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

On February 5, 2025, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement with an existing accredited investor (the “Investor”) to exercise in full the outstanding 2024 RDO Warrants. In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the 2024 RDO Warrants, the Investor received a new unregistered Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,770,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2025 RDO Warrants”) in a private placement pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”).

The 2025 RDO Warrants will become exercisable six months from issuance, with an expiration date five years after the exercise date, with an exercise price per share equal to $9.00.

Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities

There were no repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable .

Item 6. Exhibits

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit Number

Description of Exhibits

Form

Date Filed

File Number

Original Exhibit Number

Filed Herewith

Furnished Herewith

3.1

Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc., filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on December 7, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. on December 13, 2021).

8-K

12/13/2021

001-40031

3.1

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws of BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. on December 13, 2021).

8-K

12/13/2021

001-40031

3.2

3.3

Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. on March 27,2025).

8-K

3/27/2025

001-40031

3.1

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), under the Securities Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), under the Securities Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) pursuant to 18 U.S.C 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to 18 U.S.C 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


Date: May 2, 2025	By:	/s/ Kevin McAleenan
	Name	Kevin McAleenan
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)


Date: May 2, 2025	By:	/s/ Julie Peffer
	Name	Julie Peffer
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements Note 1 Description Of The Business Note 2 Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Note 3 Restatement Of Previously Issued Financial Statements Note 4 Restructuring Charges Note 5 Business Combinations Note 6 Fair Value Of Financial Instruments Note 7 Goodwill Note 8 Intangible Assets, Net Note 9 Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Note 10 Accrued Liabilities Note 11 Debt Note 12 Leases Note 13 Income Taxes Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies Note 15 Stockholders Equity Note 16 At-the-market Offering Note 17 Derivatives Note 18 Equity-based Compensation Note 19 Net Loss Per Share Note 20 Revenues Note 21 Segments Note 22 Subsequent Events Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

3.1 Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc., filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on December 7, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. on December 13, 2021). 8-K 12/13/2021 001-40031 3.1 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. on December 13, 2021). 8-K 12/13/2021 001-40031 3.2 3.3 Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. on March 27,2025). 8-K 3/27/2025 001-40031 3.1 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), under the Securities Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), under the Securities Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) pursuant to 18 U.S.C 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to 18 U.S.C 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

BBAI 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2025

Exhibits