BBT 10-Q Quarterly Report June 30, 2025

BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP INC

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bhlb-20250630

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: June 30, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-15781

BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

04-3510455

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

60 State Street

Boston

Massachusetts

02109

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: ( 800 ) 773-5601 , ext. 133773

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

BHLB

The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o

Table of Contents

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ý Accelerated filer o

Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 7, 2025, the Registrant had 46,389,917 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

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BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

Page

PART I.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024

Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1

Basis of Presentation

Note 2

Trading Securities

Note 3

Securities Available for Sale, Held to Maturity, and Equity Securities

Note 4

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Note 5

Deposits

Note 6

Borrowed Funds

Note 7

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

Note 8

Leases

Note 9

Capital Ratios and Shareholders' Equity

Note 10

Earnings per Share

Note 11

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

Note 12

Fair Value Measurements

Note 13

Net Interest Income after Provision/(Benefit) for Credit Losses

Note 14

Tax Equity Investments

Note 15

Pending Merger

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Selected Financial Data

Average Balances and Average Yields/Rates

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures


PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	84
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	86
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	87
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	87
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	87
Item 5.	Other Information	87
Item 6.	Exhibits	88
Signatures		89

Table of Contents

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
(In thousands, except share data)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	131,970	$	182,776
Short-term investments	670,761		945,633
Total cash and cash equivalents	802,731		1,128,409

Trading securities, at fair value	4,835		5,258
Equity securities, at fair value	647		655
Securities available for sale, at fair value	664,713		655,723
Securities held to maturity (fair values of $ 407,405 and $ 433,382 )	476,756		507,658
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	25,579		19,565
Total securities	1,172,530		1,188,859
Less: Allowance for credit losses on securities held to maturity	( 63 )		( 64 )
Net securities	1,172,467		1,188,795

Loans held for sale	4,014		3,076





Total loans	9,498,849		9,384,994
Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans	( 117,344 )		( 114,700 )
Net loans	9,381,505		9,270,294

Premises and equipment, net	58,439		56,609
Other real estate owned	124		—

Intangible assets	12,809		15,064
Cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance policies	245,861		245,789

Other assets	350,279		358,442
Assets held for sale	6,519		6,930

Total assets	$	12,034,748	$	12,273,408

Liabilities
Demand deposits	$	2,296,268	$	2,324,879
NOW and other deposits	814,600		841,406
Money market deposits	3,153,241		3,610,521
Savings deposits	1,105,009		1,021,716
Time deposits	2,609,913		2,576,682
Total deposits	9,979,031		10,375,204
Short-term debt	360,000		103,500
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	103,861		212,982
Subordinated borrowings	121,736		121,612
Total borrowings	585,597		438,094
Other liabilities	247,809		292,686

Total liabilities	$	10,812,437	$	11,105,984
(continued)
	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

Shareholders’ equity

Common stock ($ 0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized and 51,903,190 shares issued and 46,302,528 shares outstanding in 2025; 51,903,190 shares issued and 46,424,016 shares outstanding in 2024)	562		562
Additional paid-in capital - common stock	1,430,576		1,430,532
Unearned compensation	( 6,468 )		( 10,106 )
Retained earnings/(deficit)	36,291		( 3,080 )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)	( 91,240 )		( 106,343 )
Treasury stock, at cost ( 5,600,662 shares in 2025 and 5,479,174 shares in 2024)	( 147,410 )		( 144,141 )
Total shareholders’ equity	1,222,311		1,167,424
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	12,034,748	$	12,273,408

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest and dividend income
Loans	$	138,190	$	139,460	$	273,353	$	276,020
Securities and other	13,279		14,649		26,446		30,095
Total interest and dividend income	151,469		154,109		299,799		306,115
Interest expense
Deposits	52,623		57,036		105,511		113,898
Borrowings and subordinated notes	6,925		8,541		12,596		15,545
Total interest expense	59,548		65,577		118,107		129,443
Net interest income	91,921		88,532		181,692		176,672
Non-interest income
Deposit related fees	8,193		8,561		16,142		16,866
Loan related fees	5,100		2,364		8,887		5,027
Gain on SBA loan sales	2,288		3,294		5,564		4,993
Wealth management fees	2,657		2,613		5,612		5,497

Total fee income	18,238		16,832		36,205		32,383
Other, net	3,468		3,343		6,225		5,217
Fair value adjustments on securities	46		( 42 )		( 6 )		( 157 )
(Loss) on sale of AFS securities, net	—		—		—		( 49,909 )



Total non-interest income (loss)	21,752		20,133		42,424		( 12,466 )
Total net revenue	113,673		108,665		224,116		164,206
Provision expense for credit losses	4,000		6,499		9,500		12,499
Non-interest expense
Compensation and benefits	39,303		40,126		79,938		80,861
Occupancy and equipment	7,203		8,064		14,869		16,762
Technology	9,756		10,236		19,821		20,140
Professional services	961		2,757		2,675		5,433
Regulatory expenses	1,648		1,848		3,275		3,693

Amortization of intangible assets	1,128		1,140		2,256		2,345
Marketing	1,541		532		2,808		1,648
Merger, restructuring and other non-operating expenses	1,491		( 384 )		3,945		3,233
Other	5,113		6,612		8,923		12,836
Total non-interest expense	68,144		70,931		138,510		146,951

Income before income taxes	$	41,529	$	31,235	$	76,106	$	4,756
Income tax expense	11,163		7,210		20,021		919
Net income	$	30,366	$	24,025	$	56,085	$	3,837









Basic earnings per common share	$	0.66	$	0.57	$	1.23	$	0.09
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.66	$	0.57	$	1.22	$	0.09

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	45,764		42,437		45,731		42,602
Diluted	46,007		42,508		46,042		42,763

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	30,366	$	24,025	$	56,085	$	3,837
Other comprehensive income/(loss), before tax:
Changes in unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale	4,744		( 816 )		18,704		43,471
Changes in unrealized gain/(loss) on cash flow hedges	428		425		1,892		( 5,099 )




Income taxes related to other comprehensive income/(loss):
Changes in unrealized gain/(loss) on securities available-for-sale	( 1,275 )		224		( 4,970 )		( 11,440 )
Changes in unrealized gain/(loss) on cash flow hedges	( 118 )		( 116 )		( 523 )		1,386




Total other comprehensive income (loss)	3,779		( 283 )		15,103		28,318
Total comprehensive income	$	34,145	$	23,742	$	71,188	$	32,155

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY



	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Unearned compensation		Retained earnings (deficit)		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)		Treasury stock
(In thousands, except per share data)		Shares			Amount											Total
Balance at March 31, 2024		43,415	$	528		$	1,422,709	$	( 11,297 )	$	( 61,147 )	$	( 114,415 )	$	( 226,455 )	$	1,009,923
Comprehensive income:
Net income		—	—			—		—		24,025		—		—		24,025
Other comprehensive (loss)		—	—			—		—		—		( 283 )		—		( 283 )
Total comprehensive income		—	—			—		—		24,025		( 283 )		—		23,742

Cash dividends declared on common shares ($ 0.18 per share)		—	—			—		—		( 7,752 )		—		—		( 7,752 )

Treasury shares repurchased		( 612 )	—			—		—		—		—		( 13,492 )		( 13,492 )
Forfeited shares		( 69 )	—			( 227 )		1,719		—		—		( 1,492 )		—
Exercise of stock options		—	—			—		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants		285	—			( 1,181 )		( 6,333 )		—		—		7,514		—
Stock-based compensation		—	—			—		1,847		—		—		—		1,847

Other, net		( 60 )	—			—		—		—		—		( 1,326 )		( 1,326 )
Balance at June 30, 2024		42,959	$	528		$	1,421,301	$	( 14,064 )	$	( 44,874 )	$	( 114,698 )	$	( 235,251 )	$	1,012,942

Balance at March 31, 2025		46,377	$	562		$	1,430,561	$	( 8,123 )	$	14,276	$	( 95,019 )	$	( 145,497 )	$	1,196,760
Comprehensive income:						0
Net income		—	—			—		—		30,366		—		—		30,366
Other comprehensive income		—	—			—		—		—		3,779		—		3,779
Total comprehensive income		—	—			—		—		30,366		3,779		—		34,145


Cash dividends declared on common shares $ 0.18 per share)		—	—			—		—		( 8,351 )		—		—		( 8,351 )

Treasury shares repurchased		—	—			—		—		—		—		—		—
Forfeited shares		( 14 )	—			15		343		—		—		( 358 )		—
Exercise of stock options		—	—			—		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants		—	—			—		—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation		—	—			—		1,312		—		—		—		1,312

Other, net		( 60 )	—			—		—		—		—		( 1,555 )		( 1,555 )
Balance at June 30, 2025		46,303	$	562		$	1,430,576	$	( 6,468 )	$	36,291	$	( 91,240 )	$	( 147,410 )	$	1,222,311

Table of Contents



	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Unearned compensation		Retained earnings (deficit)		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)		Treasury stock
(In thousands, except per share data)		Shares			Amount											Total
Balance at December 31, 2023		43,501	$	528		$	1,423,273	$	( 10,109 )	$	( 33,136 )	$	( 143,016 )	$	( 225,319 )	$	1,012,221
Comprehensive income:
Net income		—	—			—		—		3,837		—		—		3,837
Other comprehensive income		—	—			—		—		—		28,318		—		28,318
Total comprehensive income		—	—			—		—		3,837		28,318		—		32,155

Cash dividends declared on common shares ($ 0.36 per share)		—	—			—		—		( 15,575 )		—		—		( 15,575 )

Treasury shares repurchased		( 794 )	—			—		—		—		—		( 17,539 )		( 17,539 )
Forfeited shares		( 117 )	—			( 421 )		3,028		—		—		( 2,607 )		—
Exercise of stock options		—	—			—		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants		470	—			( 1,551 )		( 10,931 )		—		—		12,482		—
Stock-based compensation		—	—			—		3,948		—		—		—		3,948

Other, net		( 101 )	—			—		—		—		—		( 2,268 )		( 2,268 )
Balance at June 30, 2024		42,959	$	528		$	1,421,301	$	( 14,064 )	$	( 44,874 )	$	( 114,698 )	$	( 235,251 )	$	1,012,942

Balance at December 31, 2024		46,424	$	562		$	1,430,532	$	( 10,106 )	$	( 3,080 )	$	( 106,343 )	$	( 144,141 )	$	1,167,424
Comprehensive income:
Net income		—	—			—		—		56,085		—		—		56,085
Other comprehensive income		—	—			—		—		—		15,103		—		15,103
Total comprehensive income		—	—			—		—		56,085		15,103		—		71,188


Cash dividends declared on common shares $ 0.36 per share)		—	—			—		—		( 16,714 )		—		—		( 16,714 )

Treasury shares repurchased		—	—			—		—		—		—		—		—
Forfeited shares		( 40 )	—			45		1,042		—		—		( 1,087 )		—
Exercise of stock options		—	—			—		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants		—	—			( 1 )		( 5 )		—		—		6		—
Stock-based compensation		—	—			—		2,601		—		—		—		2,601

Other, net		( 81 )	—			—		—		—		—		( 2,188 )		( 2,188 )
Balance at June 30, 2025		46,303	$	562		$	1,430,576	$	( 6,468 )	$	36,291	$	( 91,240 )	$	( 147,410 )	$	1,222,311

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities:


Net income	$	56,085	$	3,837
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision expense for credit losses	9,500		12,499
Net amortization of securities	378		( 571 )
Change in unamortized net loan origination costs and premiums	( 1,151 )		2,962
Premises and equipment depreciation and amortization expense	2,946		3,738
Stock-based compensation expense	2,601		3,948
Accretion of purchase accounting entries, net	( 442 )		( 454 )
Amortization of other intangibles	2,256		2,345

Income from cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance policies	( 3,115 )		( 2,986 )
(Gain) on SBA loan sales	( 5,564 )		( 4,993 )
Fair value adjustments on securities	6		157
Loss on sale of AFS securities, net	—		49,909
Net change in loans held-for-sale	( 1,178 )		( 2,710 )





Amortization of interest in tax-advantaged projects	( 1,225 )		( 654 )




Net change in other	684		( 25,412 )


Net cash provided by operating activities	61,781		41,615

Cash flows from investing activities:
Net decrease in trading security	471		446


Purchases of securities available for sale	( 30,762 )		( 7,798 )
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	—		361,871
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and prepayments of securities available for sale	40,311		50,984
Purchases of securities held to maturity	( 300 )		( 300 )
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and prepayments of securities held to maturity	31,114		23,913
Net change in loans	( 118,316 )		( 297,626 )
Net change in New York branch loans held for sale	—		3,098
Proceeds from surrender of bank-owned life insurance	3,043		506
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	( 97,741 )		( 76,550 )
Proceeds from redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	91,726		64,229
Net investment in limited partnership tax credits	( 7,503 )		( 10,697 )

Purchase of premises and equipment, net	( 5,586 )		( 553 )

Proceeds from sales of seasoned consumer loan portfolio	5,001		—


Net cash (used)/provided by investing activities	( 88,542 )		111,523

BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONCLUDED)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2025		2024
(continued)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net (decrease) in deposits	( 396,173 )		( 527,395 )
Net change in New York branch deposits held for sale	—		( 10,508 )
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings	811,000		1,057,500
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings	( 663,621 )		( 753,118 )


Purchase of treasury stock	—		( 17,539 )

Common stock cash dividends paid	( 16,714 )		( 15,575 )
Settlement of derivative contracts with financial institution counterparties	( 33,409 )		10,545
Net cash (used) by financing activities	( 298,917 )		( 256,090 )

Net change in cash and cash equivalents	( 325,678 )		( 102,952 )

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,128,409		1,203,244

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	802,731	$	1,100,292

Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid on deposits	$	106,682	$	117,734
Interest paid on borrowed funds	12,292		1,644
Income taxes paid, net	5,737		4,476





Other non-cash changes:
Other net comprehensive income	$	15,103	$	28,318


Reclassification of seasoned loan portfolios to held-for-sale, net	—		47,123
Reclassification of New York branch loans from portfolio loans to assets held-for-sale, net	—		58,455
Reclassification of New York branch assets to assets held-for-sale	—		13,936
Reclassification of New York branch deposits to liabilities held-for-sale, net	—		484,530
Reclassification of New York branch liabilities to liabilities held-for-sale	—		12,929
Reclassification of loans held-for-sale to held-for-investment	240		—
Securities purchased not yet settled	—		725

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The Consolidated Financial Statements (the “financial statements”) of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Berkshire”) have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Company is a Delaware corporation, headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, and the holding company for Berkshire Bank (the “Bank”), a Massachusetts-chartered trust company headquartered in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. These financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and the Bank’s consolidated subsidiaries. In consolidation, all significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. The results of operations of companies or assets acquired are included only from the dates of acquisition. All material wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries are consolidated unless GAAP requires otherwise.

The Company has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure through the date these financial statements were issued.

These interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X, and accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared according to GAAP have been omitted.

The results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and disclosures Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. In management’s opinion, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement are reflected in the interim periods.

Reclassifications

Certain items in prior financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Operating Segments

The Company's reportable segment is determined by the Chief Executive Officer, who is designated the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), based upon information provided about the Company's products and services offered, primarily banking operations. Consolidated net income of the company is the primary performance metric utilized by the CODM. The segment is also distinguished by the level of information provided to the CODM, who uses such information to review performance of various components of the business, which are then aggregated if operating performance, products/services, and customers are similar. The CODM will evaluate the financial performance of the Company's business components such as by evaluating revenue streams, significant expenses, and budget to actual results in assessing the Company's segment and in the determination of allocating resources. The CODM uses revenue streams to evaluate product pricing and significant expenses to assess performance and evaluate return on assets. The CODM uses consolidated net income to benchmark the Company against its competitors. The benchmarking analysis coupled with monitoring of budget to actual results are used in assessment performance and in establishing compensation. Loans, investments, and deposits provide the revenues in the banking operation. Interest expense, provisions for credit losses, and payroll provide the significant expenses in the banking operation. No other expenses meet the threshold of significant. While the Company has assigned certain management responsibilities by business lines, the Company’s CODM monitors and evaluates financial performance on a Company-wide basis. The majority of the Company’s revenue is from the business of banking. Accordingly, all of the Company’s operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment. All operations are domestic.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Future Application of Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The ASU requires disclosure in the rate reconciliation table of additional categories of information and more details about the reconciling items in some categories if items meet a quantitative threshold. The ASU also requires all entities to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds, disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes for annual periods and to disaggregate the information by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold, among other things. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is still evaluating; however, the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses." The ASU requires additional interim and annual disclosures that further disaggregate certain expense captions into specified categories in a separate note to the financial statements, as well as certain qualitative information describing amounts not separately disaggregated. The ASU is effective in the annual period beginning on January 1, 2027 and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2028 and can be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact to the Company’s disclosures.

NOTE 2. TRADING SECURITIES

The Company holds a tax-advantaged economic development bond accounted for at fair value. The security had an amortized cost of $ 4.8 million and $ 5.3 million, and a fair value of $ 4.8 million and $ 5.3 million, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As discussed further in Note 7 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, the Company entered into a swap contract to swap-out the fixed rate of the security in exchange for a variable rate. The Company does not purchase securities with the intent of selling them in the near term, and there were no other securities in the trading portfolio at June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3. SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE, HELD TO MATURITY, AND

EQUITY SECURITIES

The following is a summary of securities available for sale, held to maturity, and equity securities:


(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Allowance
June 30, 2025
Securities available for sale
U.S. Treasuries	$	7,985	$	—	$	—	$	7,985
Municipal bonds and obligations	63,535		20		( 3,420 )		60,135		—
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations	327,670		675		( 56,065 )		272,280		—
Agency mortgage-backed securities	266,469		10		( 44,222 )		222,257		—
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities	83,794		—		( 17,964 )		65,830		—
Corporate bonds	38,684		—		( 2,458 )		36,226		—

Total securities available for sale	788,137		705		( 124,129 )		664,713		—

Securities held to maturity
Municipal bonds and obligations	221,266		81		( 24,649 )		196,698		44
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations	96,614		—		( 15,252 )		81,362		—
Agency mortgage-backed securities	41,933		—		( 7,145 )		34,788		—
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities	115,725		—		( 22,360 )		93,365		—
Tax advantaged economic development bonds	942		—		( 26 )		916		19
Other bonds and obligations	276		—		—		276		—
Total securities held to maturity	476,756		81		( 69,432 )		407,405		63

Equity securities	647		67		( 67 )		647		—
Total	$	1,265,540	$	853	$	( 193,628 )	$	1,072,765	$	63


(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Allowance
December 31, 2024
Securities available for sale
U.S. Treasuries	$	6,986	$	3	$	—	$	6,989	$	—
Municipal bonds and obligations	63,952		10		( 3,098 )		60,864		—
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations	328,569		146		( 64,153 )		264,562		—
Agency mortgage-backed securities	273,969		4		( 53,733 )		220,240		—
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities	85,686		—		( 18,975 )		66,711		—
Corporate bonds	38,689		30		( 2,362 )		36,357		—


Total securities available for sale	797,851		193		( 142,321 )		655,723		—

Securities held to maturity
Municipal bonds and obligations	235,883		129		( 22,619 )		213,393		44
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations	101,163		—		( 17,884 )		83,279		—
Agency mortgage-backed securities	43,644		—		( 8,707 )		34,937		—
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities	125,547		—		( 25,153 )		100,394		—
Tax advantaged economic development bonds	1,144		—		( 42 )		1,102		20
Other bonds and obligations	277		—		—		277		—
Total securities held to maturity	507,658		129		( 74,405 )		433,382		64

Equity securities	655		67		( 67 )		655		—
Total	$	1,306,164	$	389	$	( 216,793 )	$	1,089,760	$	64

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held to maturity by security type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:


(In thousands)	Municipal bonds and obligations		Tax advantaged economic development bonds		Total
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	44	$	19	$	63
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	—		—		—
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	44	$	19	$	63


(In thousands)	Municipal bonds and obligations		Tax advantaged economic development bonds		Total
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	41	$	20	$	61
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	4		—		4
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	45	$	20	$	65


(In thousands)	Municipal bonds and obligations		Tax advantaged economic development bonds		Total
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	44	$	20	$	64
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	—		( 1 )		( 1 )
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	44	$	19	$	63


(In thousands)	Municipal bonds and obligations		Tax advantaged economic development bonds		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	48	$	20	$	68
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	( 3 )		—		( 3 )
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	45	$	20	$	65

Credit Quality Information

The Company monitors the credit quality of held to maturity securities through credit ratings from various rating agencies. Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security and are utilized by the Company to make informed decisions. Investment grade securities are rated BBB-/Baa3 or higher and generally considered by the rating agencies and market participants to be of low credit risk. Conversely, securities rated below investment grade are considered to have distinctively higher credit risk than investment grade securities. For securities without credit ratings, the Company utilizes other financial information indicating the financial health of the underlying municipality, agency, or organization.

As of June 30, 2025, none of the Company's investment securities were delinquent or in non-accrual status.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available for sale (“AFS”) and held to maturity (“HTM”) securities segregated by contractual maturity at June 30, 2025 are presented below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Mortgage-backed securities are shown in total, as their maturities are highly variable.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Available for sale				Held to maturity
	Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair
(In thousands)	Cost		Value		Cost		Value

Within 1 year	$	8,929	$	8,928	$	539	$	538
Over 1 year to 5 years	21,355		21,180		2,333		2,305
Over 5 years to 10 years	52,479		49,809		77,766		75,869
Over 10 years	27,441		24,429		141,846		119,178
Total bonds and obligations	110,204		104,346		222,484		197,890


Mortgage-backed securities	677,933		560,367		254,272		209,515
Total	$	788,137	$	664,713	$	476,756	$	407,405

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, purchases of AFS securities totaled $ 9.6 million and $ 30.8 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, there were no sales of AFS securities. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, there were no purchases of AFS securities. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, purchases of AFS securities totaled $ 7.8 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, there were no sales of AFS securities. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, proceeds from sales of AFS securities totaled $ 361.9 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, there were no gross gains or losses. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, there were no gross gains or losses. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, gross gains totaled $ 5.1 million and gross losses totaled $ 54.9 million.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Securities available for sale and held to maturity with unrealized losses, segregated by the duration of their continuous unrealized loss positions, are summarized as follows:


	Less Than Twelve Months				Over Twelve Months				Total
	Gross				Gross				Gross
	Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair
(In thousands)	Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value
June 30, 2025

Securities available for sale
U.S. Treasuries	$	—	$	7,985	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,985
Municipal bonds and obligations	618		21,451		2,802		26,515		3,420		47,966
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		56,065		196,020		56,065		196,020
Agency mortgage-backed securities	83		6,900		44,139		214,550		44,222		221,450
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—		17,964		65,826		17,964		65,826
Corporate bonds	402		8,732		2,055		23,495		2,457		32,227





Total securities available for sale	$	1,103	$	45,068	$	123,025	$	526,406	$	124,128	$	571,474

Securities held to maturity
Municipal bonds and obligations	$	1,712	$	57,490	$	22,937	$	114,698	$	24,649	$	172,188
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		15,252		81,362		15,252		81,362
Agency mortgage-backed securities	—		—		7,145		34,788		7,145		34,788
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—		22,360		93,366		22,360		93,366
Tax advantaged economic development bonds	—		—		26		916		26		916
Total securities held to maturity	1,712		57,490		67,720		325,130		69,432		382,620

Total	$	2,815	$	102,558	$	190,745	$	851,536	$	193,560	$	954,094

December 31, 2024

Securities available for sale
Municipal bonds and obligations	$	773	$	30,299	$	2,325	$	25,916	$	3,098	$	56,215
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations	403		45,954		63,750		200,038		64,153		245,992
Agency mortgage-backed securities	113		3,706		53,620		215,822		53,733		219,528
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—		18,975		66,711		18,975		66,711
Corporate bonds	—		—		2,362		32,538		2,362		32,538





Total securities available for sale	$	1,289	$	79,959	$	141,032	$	541,025	$	142,321	$	620,984

Securities held to maturity
Municipal bonds and obligations	1,614		73,453		21,005		111,228		22,619		184,681
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		17,884		83,279		17,884		83,279
Agency mortgage-backed securities	—		—		8,707		34,937		8,707		34,937
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—		25,153		100,394		25,153		100,394
Tax advantaged economic development bonds	—		—		42		1,102		42		1,102
Total securities held to maturity	1,614		73,453		72,791		330,940		74,405		404,393
Total	$	2,903	$	153,412	$	213,823	$	871,965	$	216,726	$	1,025,377

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Debt Securities

The Company expects to recover its amortized cost basis on all debt securities in its AFS and HTM portfolios. Furthermore, the Company does not intend to sell nor does it anticipate that it will be required to sell any of its securities in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2025, prior to this recovery. The Company’s ability and intent to hold these securities until recovery is supported by the Company’s strong capital and liquidity positions as well as its historically low portfolio turnover.

The following summarizes, by investment security type, the basis for the conclusion that the debt securities in an unrealized loss position within the Company’s AFS and HTM portfolios were not other-than-temporarily impaired at June 30, 2025:

AFS U.S Treasuries

At June 30, 2025, 1 of the 1 securities in the Company’s portfolio of AFS U.S Treasuries was in an unrealized loss position. Aggregate unrealized losses represents 0.0 % of the amortized cost of the bond in an unrealized loss position. The Company reviews the financial strength of all of these bonds and has concluded that the amortized cost remains supported by the expected future cash flows of these securities. The security is performing.

AFS municipal bonds and obligations

At June 30, 2025, 67 of the 90 securities in the Company’s portfolio of AFS municipal bonds and obligations were in unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 6.7 % of the amortized cost of securities in unrealized loss positions. The Company continually monitors the municipal bond sector of the market carefully and periodically evaluates the appropriate level of exposure to the market. At this time, the Company has determined that the bonds in this portfolio carry minimal risk of default and the Company is appropriately compensated for that risk. There were no material underlying credit downgrades during the quarter. All securities are performing.

AFS collateralized mortgage obligations

At June 30, 2025, 37 of the 45 securities in the Company’s portfolio of AFS collateralized mortgage obligations were in unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 22.2 % of the amortized cost of securities in unrealized loss positions. The Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), and Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) guarantee the contractual cash flows of all of the Company’s collateralized mortgage obligations. The securities are investment grade rated and there were no material underlying credit downgrades during the quarter. All securities are performing.

AFS commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities

At June 30, 2025, 27 of the 28 securities in the Company’s portfolio of AFS mortgage-backed securities were in unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 17.8 % of the amortized cost of securities in unrealized loss positions. The FNMA, FHLMC, and GNMA guarantee the contractual cash flows of all of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities. The securities are investment grade rated and there were no material underlying credit downgrades during the quarter. All securities are performing.

AFS corporate bonds

At June 30, 2025, 13 of the 14 securities in the Company’s portfolio of AFS corporate bonds were in unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represents 7.1 % of the amortized cost of the bonds in unrealized loss positions. The Company reviews the financial strength of all of these bonds and has concluded that the amortized cost remains supported by the expected future cash flows of these securities. All securities are performing.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

HTM municipal bonds and obligations

At June 30, 2025, 131 of the 154 securities in the Company’s portfolio of HTM municipal bonds and obligations were in unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 12.5 % of the amortized cost of securities in unrealized loss positions. The Company continually monitors the municipal bond sector of the market carefully and periodically evaluates the appropriate level of exposure to the market. At this time, the Company has determined that the bonds in this portfolio carry minimal risk of default and the Company is appropriately compensated for that risk. There were no material underlying credit downgrades during the quarter. All securities are performing.

HTM collateralized mortgage obligations

At June 30, 2025, 12 of the 12 securities in the Company’s portfolio of HTM collateralized mortgage obligations were in unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 15.8 % of the amortized cost of the securities in unrealized loss positions. The FNMA, FHLMC, and GNMA guarantee the contractual cash flows of all of the Company's collateralized residential mortgage obligations. The securities are investment grade rated, and there were no material underlying credit downgrades during the quarter. All securities are performing.

HTM commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities

At June 30, 2025, 16 of the 16 securities in the Company’s portfolio of HTM mortgage-backed securities were in unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 18.7 % of the amortized cost of securities in unrealized loss positions. The FNMA, FHLMC, and GNMA guarantee the contractual cash flows of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities. The securities are investment grade rated and there were no material underlying credit downgrades during the quarter. All securities are performing.

HTM tax-advantaged economic development bonds

At June 30, 2025, 2 of the 2 securities in the Company’s portfolio of tax-advantaged economic development bonds were in unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 2.7 % of the amortized cost of securities in unrealized loss positions. The Company believes that more likely than not all the principal outstanding will be collected. All securities are performing.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The following is a summary of total loans by regulatory call report code with sub-segmentation based on underlying collateral for certain loan types:


(In thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Construction	$	621,413	$	726,344
Commercial multifamily	766,119		636,805
Commercial real estate owner occupied	723,390		695,330
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	2,753,942		2,769,447
Commercial and industrial	1,493,719		1,439,175

Residential real estate	2,796,343		2,771,769
Home equity	245,148		230,365
Consumer other	98,775		115,759
Total loans	$	9,498,849	$	9,384,994

Allowance for credit losses	( 117,344 )		( 114,700 )
Net loans	$	9,381,505	$	9,270,294

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, no loans were reclassified to loans held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Held for sale loans are not contained in the balances within this note and are accounted for at the lower of carrying value or fair market value.

Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows:

Construction - Loans in this segment primarily include real estate development loans for which payment is derived from sale of the property or long term financing at completion. Credit risk is affected by cost overruns, time to sell at an adequate price, and market conditions.

Commercial real estate multifamily, owner occupied and non-owner - Loans in these segments are primarily owner-occupied or income-producing properties throughout New England and Northeastern New York. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties are adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy, which in turn, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Management monitors the cash flows of these loans.

Commercial and industrial loans - Loans in this segment are made to businesses and are generally secured by assets of the business such as accounts receivable, inventory, marketable securities, other liquid collateral, equipment and other business assets. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. Loans in this segment include asset based loans which generally have no scheduled repayment and which are closely monitored against formula based collateral advance ratios. A weakened economy, and resultant decreased consumer spending, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment.

Residential real estate - All loans in this segment are collateralized by residential real estate and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment.

Home equity and other consumer loans - Loans in this segment are primarily home equity lines of credit, automobile loans and other consumer loans. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans

The Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans (“ACLL”) is comprised of the allowance for credit losses, and the allowance for unfunded commitments is accounted for as a separate liability in other liabilities on the balance sheet. The level of the ACLL represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the expected life of the loans at the balance sheet date. The Company uses a static pool migration analysis method, applying expected historical loss trend and observed economic metrics. The level of the ACLL is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past and current events, utilizing a 7 quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period with a 1 year reversion period. The ACLL reserve is overlaid with qualitative factors based upon:

• the existence and growth of concentrations of credit;

• the volume and severity of past due financial assets, including nonaccrual assets;

• the institutions lending and credit review as well as the experience and ability of relevant management and staff and;

• the effect of other external factors such as regulatory, competition, regional market conditions, legal and technological environment and other events such as natural disasters;

The allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level by the Company to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded credit facilities (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit) and is included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 was as follows:


(In thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision/(Benefit) for Credit Losses		Balance at End of Period
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Construction	$	5,722	$	—	$	—	$	( 1,385 )	$	4,337
Commercial multifamily	4,715		—		—		1,373		6,088
Commercial real estate owner occupied	11,804		( 750 )		237		127		11,418
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	36,180		—		—		314		36,494
Commercial and industrial	25,777		( 3,390 )		311		4,518		27,216

Residential real estate	28,241		( 4 )		220		( 878 )		27,579
Home equity	2,775		( 13 )		1		34		2,797
Consumer other	1,464		( 190 )		244		( 103 )		1,415
Total allowance for credit losses	$	116,678	$	( 4,347 )	$	1,013	$	4,000	$	117,344


(In thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision/(Benefit) for Credit Losses		Balance at End of Period
Three months ended June 30, 2024
Construction	$	2,580	$	—	$	—	$	196	$	2,776
Commercial multifamily	2,649		—		—		586		3,235
Commercial real estate owner occupied	9,898		( 100 )		94		979		10,871
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	34,255		—		24		1,564		35,843
Commercial and industrial	20,016		( 970 )		257		3,540		22,843

Residential real estate	22,411		( 4 )		373		( 176 )		22,604
Home equity	1,992		—		7		95		2,094
Consumer other	13,530		( 2,172 )		832		( 289 )		11,901
Total allowance for credit losses	$	107,331	$	( 3,246 )	$	1,587	$	6,495	$	112,167

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(In thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision/(Benefit) for Credit Losses		Balance at End of Period
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Construction	$	4,463	$	—	$	—	$	( 126 )	$	4,337
Commercial multifamily	4,084		( 853 )		—		2,857		6,088
Commercial real estate owner occupied	11,303		( 823 )		280		658		11,418
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	38,520		( 40 )		3		( 1,989 )		36,494
Commercial and industrial	25,549		( 6,208 )		1,529		6,346		27,216

Residential real estate	22,479		( 29 )		406		4,723		27,579
Home equity	2,392		( 14 )		582		( 163 )		2,797
Consumer other	5,910		( 2,637 )		948		( 2,806 )		1,415
Total allowance for credit losses	$	114,700	$	( 10,604 )	$	3,748	$	9,500	$	117,344


(In thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision/(Benefit) for Credit Losses		Balance at End of Period
Six months ended June 30, 2024
Construction	$	2,885	$	—	$	—	$	( 109 )	$	2,776
Commercial multifamily	2,475		—		—		760		3,235
Commercial real estate owner occupied	9,443		( 206 )		107		1,527		10,871
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	38,221		—		105		( 2,483 )		35,843
Commercial and industrial	18,602		( 3,412 )		913		6,740		22,843

Residential real estate	19,622		( 45 )		560		2,467		22,604
Home equity	2,015		—		246		( 167 )		2,094
Consumer other	12,094		( 5,218 )		1,258		3,767		11,901
Total allowance for credit losses	$	105,357	$	( 8,881 )	$	3,189	$	12,502	$	112,167

The Company’s allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets), with adjustments to the reserve recognized in other noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2025		2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	9,071	$	9,256


Expense for credit losses	—		—
Balance at end of period	$	9,071	$	9,256


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2025		2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	9,821	$	9,256


Expense for credit losses	( 750 )		—
Balance at end of period	$	9,071	$	9,256

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Credit Quality Information

The Company monitors the credit quality of its portfolio by using internal risk ratings that are based on regulatory guidance. Loans that are given a Pass rating are not considered a problem credit. Loans that are classified as Special Mention loans are considered to have potential weaknesses and are evaluated closely by management. Substandard, including non-accruing loans, are loans for which a definitive weakness has been identified and which may make full collection of contractual cash flows questionable. Doubtful loans are those with identified weaknesses that make full collection of contractual cash flows, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

For commercial credits, the Company assigns an internal risk rating at origination and reviews the rating annual, semiannually, or quarterly depending on the risk rating. The rating is also reassessed at any point in time when management becomes aware of information that may affect the borrower’s ability to fulfill their obligations.

The Company risk rates its residential mortgages, including 1-4 family and residential construction loans, based on a three rating system: Pass, Special Mention, and Substandard. Loans that are current within 59 days are rated Pass. Residential mortgages that are 60-89 days delinquent are rated Special Mention. Loans delinquent for 90 days or greater are rated Substandard and generally placed on non-accrual status.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the Company’s loans by risk category:


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
As of June 30, 2025
Construction
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Risk rating
Pass	$	66,469	$	45,556	$	135,053	$	278,306	$	30,361	$	1,012	$	—	$	—	$	556,757
Special Mention	—		—		—		21,790		—		—		—		—		21,790
Substandard	—		—		—		24,003		18,863		—		—		—		42,866
Total	$	66,469	$	45,556	$	135,053	$	324,099	$	49,224	$	1,012	$	—	$	—	$	621,413
Commercial multifamily:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	853	$	—	$	—	$	853

Risk rating
Pass	$	51,014	$	85,070	$	21,514	$	298,141	$	50,304	$	253,074	$	1,332	$	—	$	760,449
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		5,670		—		—		5,670
Total	$	51,014	$	85,070	$	21,514	$	298,141	$	50,304	$	258,744	$	1,332	$	—	$	766,119
Commercial real estate owner occupied:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	500	$	—	$	—	$	73	$	250	$	—	$	823

Risk rating
Pass	$	55,571	$	118,251	$	78,090	$	96,947	$	118,502	$	206,493	$	3,131	$	—	$	676,985
Special Mention	—		1,837		9,441		10,905		7,197		4,416		—		—		33,796
Substandard	—		939		486		3,000		584		7,350		250		—		12,609
Total	$	55,571	$	121,027	$	88,017	$	110,852	$	126,283	$	218,259	$	3,381	$	—	$	723,390
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	40	$	—	$	—	$	40

Risk rating
Pass	$	51,877	$	249,916	$	418,860	$	562,719	$	404,249	$	944,723	$	9,467	$	—	$	2,641,811
Special Mention	—		—		—		26,746		1,068		54,642		—		—		82,456
Substandard	—		—		—		363		2,767		24,290		2,255		—		29,675
Total	$	51,877	$	249,916	$	418,860	$	589,828	$	408,084	$	1,023,655	$	11,722	$	—	$	2,753,942
Commercial and industrial:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	1,548	$	871	$	216	$	2,989	$	584	$	—	$	6,208

Risk rating
Pass	$	98,133	$	189,302	$	87,645	$	107,958	$	89,358	$	111,388	$	703,177	$	1,998	$	1,388,959
Special Mention	—		427		443		21,112		261		2,113		17,396		—		41,752
Substandard	—		296		3,453		3,477		9,060		13,260		33,462		—		63,008

Total	$	98,133	$	190,025	$	91,541	$	132,547	$	98,679	$	126,761	$	754,035	$	1,998	$	1,493,719

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Residential real estate
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	25	$	4	$	—	$	—	$	29

Risk rating
Pass	$	146,044	$	272,174	$	499,571	$	880,690	$	241,023	$	747,851	$	441	$	—	$	2,787,794
Special Mention	—		—		—		863		—		1,798		—		—		2,661
Substandard	—		—		—		—		214		5,674		—		—		5,888
Total	$	146,044	$	272,174	$	499,571	$	881,553	$	241,237	$	755,323	$	441	$	—	$	2,796,343

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
As of December 31, 2024
Construction
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Risk rating
Pass	$	40,549	$	138,925	$	436,850	$	74,718	$	—	$	1,336	$	—	$	—	$	692,378
Special Mention	—		—		15,374		—		—		—		—		—		15,374
Substandard	—		—		—		18,592		—		—		—		—		18,592
Total	$	40,549	$	138,925	$	452,224	$	93,310	$	—	$	1,336	$	—	$	—	$	726,344

Commercial multifamily:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,164	$	—	$	—	$	1,164
Risk rating
Pass	$	85,160	$	17,598	$	203,001	$	52,235	$	38,211	$	233,145	$	428	$	—	$	629,778
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		421		—		—		421
Substandard	—		—		—		—		2,477		4,129		—		—		6,606
Total	$	85,160	$	17,598	$	203,001	$	52,235	$	40,688	$	237,695	$	428	$	—	$	636,805

Commercial real estate owner occupied:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	45	$	232	$	—	$	126	$	—	$	—	$	403
Risk rating
Pass	$	122,082	$	83,269	$	112,718	$	94,937	$	67,652	$	177,684	$	2,947	$	—	$	661,289
Special Mention	1,852		9,637		1,839		7,215		221		5,207		—		—		25,971
Substandard	—		—		411		595		37		7,027		—		—		8,070
Total	$	123,934	$	92,906	$	114,968	$	102,747	$	67,910	$	189,918	$	2,947	$	—	$	695,330

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	36	$	—	$	—	$	36
Risk rating
Pass	$	246,619	$	426,882	$	591,563	$	413,459	$	142,739	$	874,454	$	5,961	$	1,500	$	2,703,177
Special Mention	—		—		—		1,038		223		40,763		—		—		42,024
Substandard	—		—		368		2,782		—		18,840		2,256		—		24,246
Total	$	246,619	$	426,882	$	591,931	$	417,279	$	142,962	$	934,057	$	8,217	$	1,500	$	2,769,447

Commercial and industrial:
Current period gross write-offs	$	324	$	868	$	1,564	$	940	$	816	$	1,745	$	1,563	$	—	$	7,820
Risk rating
Pass	$	205,831	$	91,152	$	126,327	$	93,441	$	18,613	$	112,620	$	689,036	$	11,478	$	1,348,498
Special Mention	164		1,122		22,091		1,305		1,705		2,957		16,723		100		46,167
Substandard	—		2,422		1,740		10,825		929		12,075		16,314		205		44,510

Total	$	205,995	$	94,696	$	150,158	$	105,571	$	21,247	$	127,652	$	722,073	$	11,783	$	1,439,175

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Residential real estate
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	76	$	—	$	—	$	76
Risk rating
Pass	$	291,826	$	531,873	$	908,916	$	247,551	$	77,706	$	703,572	$	136	$	—	$	2,761,580
Special Mention	—		—		649		468		—		1,501		—		—		2,618
Substandard	—		—		124		188		374		6,885		—		—		7,571
Total	$	291,826	$	531,873	$	909,689	$	248,207	$	78,080	$	711,958	$	136	$	—	$	2,771,769

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For home equity and consumer other loan portfolio segments, Berkshire evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. The performing or nonperforming status is updated on an ongoing basis dependent upon improvement and deterioration in credit quality. The following table presents the amortized cost based on payment activity:


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
As of June 30, 2025
Home equity:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	14	$	—	$	14

Payment performance
Performing	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,078	$	241,645	$	—	$	244,723
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		—		425		—		425
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,078	$	242,070	$	—	$	245,148

Consumer other:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	8	$	38	$	2,169	$	240	$	82	$	100	$	—	$	2,637

Payment performance
Performing	$	7,055	$	26,548	$	28,837	$	13,921	$	7,837	$	4,450	$	9,818	$	—	$	98,466
Nonperforming	—		32		12		27		119		68		51		—		309
Total	$	7,055	$	26,580	$	28,849	$	13,948	$	7,956	$	4,518	$	9,869	$	—	$	98,775


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
As of December 31, 2024
Home equity:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Payment performance
Performing	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	423	$	2,529	$	226,822	$	—	$	229,774
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		—		591		—		591
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	423	$	2,529	$	227,413	$	—	$	230,365

Consumer other:
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	214	$	9,723	$	760	$	2	$	113	$	214	$	—	$	11,026
Payment performance
Performing	$	30,524	$	33,849	$	23,397	$	10,072	$	3,718	$	3,825	$	10,066	$	—	$	115,451
Nonperforming	—		1		43		121		—		107		36		—		308
Total	$	30,524	$	33,850	$	23,440	$	10,193	$	3,718	$	3,932	$	10,102	$	—	$	115,759

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following is a summary of loans by past due status at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


(In thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans
June 30, 2025
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	593	$	593	$	620,820	$	621,413
Commercial multifamily	—		—		3,232		3,232		762,887		766,119
Commercial real estate owner occupied	1,801		1,093		3,320		6,214		717,176		723,390
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		1,662		3,553		5,215		2,748,727		2,753,942
Commercial and industrial	1,523		387		11,612		13,522		1,480,197		1,493,719
Residential real estate	5,420		2,661		5,887		13,968		2,782,375		2,796,343
Home equity	307		62		1,113		1,482		243,666		245,148
Consumer other	284		61		769		1,114		97,661		98,775
Total	$	9,335	$	5,926	$	30,079	$	45,340	$	9,453,509	$	9,498,849


(In thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans
December 31, 2024
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	594	$	594	$	725,750	$	726,344
Commercial multifamily	421		—		4,129		4,550		632,255		636,805
Commercial real estate owner occupied	484		456		2,330		3,270		692,060		695,330
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	295		—		3,532		3,827		2,765,620		2,769,447
Commercial and industrial	2,613		1,116		9,823		13,552		1,425,623		1,439,175

Residential real estate	8,571		1,969		7,570		18,110		2,753,659		2,771,769
Home equity	629		519		1,491		2,639		227,726		230,365
Consumer other	884		327		1,395		2,606		113,153		115,759
Total	$	13,897	$	4,387	$	30,864	$	49,148	$	9,335,846	$	9,384,994

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following is a summary of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



(In thousands)	Nonaccrual Amortized Cost		Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance		Past Due 90 Days or Greater and Accruing		Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual
June 30, 2025
Construction	$	594	$	594	$	—	$	—
Commercial multifamily	3,232		3,232		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	2,442		2,064		879		—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	3,553		3,577		—		—
Commercial and industrial	11,560		9,260		51		—

Residential real estate	3,289		3,705		2,598		—
Home equity	425		472		687		—
Consumer other	309		327		460		—
Total	$	25,404	$	23,231	$	4,675	$	—

The commercial and industrial loans nonaccrual amortized cost as of June 30, 2025 included medallion loans with a fair value of $ 0.3 million and a contractual balance of $ 6.5 million.


(In thousands)	Nonaccrual Amortized Cost		Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance		Past Due 90 Days or Greater and Accruing		Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual
December 31, 2024
Construction	$	594	$	594	$	—	$	—
Commercial multifamily	4,129		4,129		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	2,330		2,330		—		—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	3,532		3,532		—		—
Commercial and industrial	8,964		8,614		859		—

Residential real estate	3,999		3,999		3,571		—
Home equity	591		591		900		—
Consumer other	308		308		1,087		—
Total	$	24,447	$	24,097	$	6,417	$	—

The commercial and industrial loans nonaccrual amortized cost as of December 31, 2024 included medallion loans with a fair value of $ 0.3 million and a contractual balance of $ 6.5 million.

The following table summarizes information about total loans rated Special Mention or lower at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The table below includes consumer loans that are Special Mention and Substandard accruing that are classified as performing based on payment activity.


(In thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Non-Accrual	$	25,404	$	24,447
Substandard Accruing	136,181		88,009
Total Classified	161,585		112,456
Special Mention	182,568		133,408
Total Criticized	$	344,153	$	245,864

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of individually analyzed collateral-dependent loans by loan portfolio segment:


	Type of Collateral
(In thousands)	Real Estate		Investment Securities/Cash		Other
June 30, 2025
Construction	$	594	$	—	$	—
Commercial multifamily	3,232		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	1,455		—		250
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	282		—		—
Commercial and industrial	922		—		6,273

Residential real estate	1,158		—		—
Home equity	43		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—
Total loans	$	7,686	$	—	$	6,523

December 31, 2024
Construction	$	594	$	—	$	—
Commercial multifamily	4,129		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	1,562		—		—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	294		—		—
Commercial and industrial	4,828		—		700

Residential real estate	1,243		—		—
Home equity	49		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—
Total loans	$	12,699	$	—	$	700

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Modified Loans

Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or interest rate reduction. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the allowance for credit losses.

In some cases, the Company provides multiple types of concessions on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. For the loans included in the "combination" columns below, multiple types of modifications have been made on the same loan within the current reporting period. The combination is at least two of the following: a term extension and principal forgiveness, an other-than-insignificant payment delay and/or an interest rate reduction.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans at June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below:


(In thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination Term Extension and Principal Forgiveness		Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction		Total Class of Financing Receivable
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	—	%
Commercial multifamily	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		27,675		—		—		—		0.29
Commercial and industrial	—		—		11,439		—		—		—		0.12
Residential real estate	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	39,114	$	—	$	—	$	—	0.41	%

The Company has committed to lend additional amounts totaling $ 9.7 million to the commercial and industrial borrowers included in the previous table.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(In thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination Term Extension and Principal Forgiveness		Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction		Total Class of Financing Receivable
Three months ended June 30, 2024
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	—	%
Commercial multifamily	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		648		—		—		—		0.02
Commercial and industrial	—		—		3,263		—		—		—		0.23
Residential real estate	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	3,911	$	—	$	—	$	—	0.04	%

The Company has committed to lend additional amounts totaling $ 514 thousand to the commercial and industrial borrowers included in the previous table.


(In thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination Term Extension and Principal Forgiveness		Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction		Total Class of Financing Receivable
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	—	%
Commercial multifamily	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		39,727		—		—		—		0.42
Commercial and industrial	—		—		14,601		—		—		—		0.15
Residential real estate	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	54,328	$	—	$	—	$	—	0.57	%

The Company has committed to lend additional amounts totaling $ 14.1 million to the commercial and industrial borrowers included in the previous table.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(In thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination Term Extension and Principal Forgiveness		Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction		Total Class of Financing Receivable
Six months ended June 30, 2024
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	—	%
Commercial multifamily	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		648		—		—		—		0.02
Commercial and industrial	—		108		3,737		297		—		—		0.29
Residential real estate	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	108	$	4,385	$	297	$	—	$	—	0.05	%

The Company has committed to lend additional amounts totaling $ 514 thousand to the commercial and industrial borrowers included in the previous table.

The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. As of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, there were no loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were past due.

The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024.


(In thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted Average Term Extension (months)
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Construction	$	—	—	%	0
Commercial multifamily	—		—		0
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		0
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		18
Commercial and industrial	—		—		24
Residential real estate	—		—		0
Home equity	—		—		0
Consumer other	—		—		0

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(In thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted Average Term Extension (months)
Three months ended June 30, 2024
Construction	$	—	—	%	0
Commercial multifamily	—		—		0
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		0
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		62
Commercial and industrial	—		—		3
Residential real estate	—		—		0
Home equity	—		—		0
Consumer other	—		—		0


(In thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted Average Term Extension (months)
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Construction	$	—	—	%	0
Commercial multifamily	—		—		0
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		0
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		15
Commercial and industrial	—		—		23
Residential real estate	—		—		0
Home equity	—		—		0
Consumer other	—		—		0


(In thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted Average Term Extension (months)
Six months ended June 30, 2024
Construction	$	—	—	%	0
Commercial multifamily	—		—		0
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		0
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		62
Commercial and industrial	—		10.75		16
Residential real estate	—		—		0
Home equity	—		—		0
Consumer other	—		—		0

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans that had a payment default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.


(in thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial multifamily	—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial	—		—		832		—
Residential real estate	—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	832	$	—

(in thousands)

Principal Forgiveness

Payment Delay

Term Extension

Interest Rate Reduction

Three months ended June 30, 2024

Construction

—

Commercial multifamily

—

Commercial real estate owner occupied

—

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

—

Commercial and industrial

—

Residential real estate

—

Home equity

—

Consumer other

—

Total

—


(in thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial multifamily	—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial	—		—		882		—
Residential real estate	—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	882	$	—

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(in thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction
Six months ended June 30, 2024
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial multifamily	—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate owner occupied	—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial	—		—		202		—
Residential real estate	—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	202	$	—

Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 5. DEPOSITS

A summary of time deposits is as follows:


(In thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Time less than $100,000	$	707,679	$	707,936
Time $100,000 through $250,000	1,164,174		1,157,227
Time more than $250,000	738,060		711,519
Total time deposits	$	2,609,913	$	2,576,682

NOTE 6. BORROWED FUNDS

Borrowed funds at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:


	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
			Weighted				Weighted
			Average				Average
(Dollars in thousands)	Principal		Rate		Principal		Rate
Short-term debt:
Advances from the FHLB	$	360,000	4.38	%	$	103,500	5.33	%

Total short-term borrowings:	360,000		4.38		103,500		5.33
Long-term debt:
Advances from the FHLB and other borrowings	103,861		3.70		212,982		4.48


Subordinated borrowings	98,630		5.68		98,532		5.50
Junior subordinated borrowing - Trust I	15,464		6.44		15,464		6.63
Junior subordinated borrowing - Trust II	7,642		6.28		7,616		6.32

Total long-term borrowings:	225,597		4.84		334,594		4.92
Total	$	585,597	4.56	%	$	438,094	5.02	%

Short-term debt includes Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances with an original maturity of less than one year. The Bank also maintains a $ 3.0 million secured line of credit with the FHLB that bears a daily adjustable rate calculated by the FHLB. There was no outstanding balance on the FHLB line of credit for the periods ended June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Bank's available borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $ 2.3 billion and $ 2.5 billion for the periods ended June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Bank is approved to borrow on a short-term basis from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston as a non-member bank. The Bank has pledged certain loans and securities to the Federal Reserve Bank to support this arrangement. The Bank had no borrowings with the Federal Reserve Bank under this arrangement during the periods ended June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Bank's available borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank was $ 1.6 billion for both the periods ended June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Long-term FHLB advances consist of advances with an original maturity of more than one year and are subject to prepayment penalties. There were no callable advances outstanding at June 30, 2025. The advances outstanding at June 30, 2025 included amortizing advances totaling $ 5.9 million. There were no callable advances outstanding at December 31, 2024. The advances outstanding at December 31, 2024 included amortizing advances totaling $ 6.0 million. All FHLB borrowings, including the line of credit, are secured by a blanket security agreement on certain qualified collateral, principally all residential first mortgage loans and certain securities.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A summary of maturities of FHLB advances as of June 30, 2025 is as follows:


	June 30, 2025
			Weighted Average
(In thousands, except rates)	Principal		Rate
Fixed rate advances maturing:
2025	$	405,000	4.37	%
2026	25,465		3.75
2027	25,142		3.65
2028	779		—
2028 and beyond	7,475		0.59
Total FHLB advances	$	463,861	4.23	%

The Company did no t have variable-rate FHLB advances for the periods ended June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

In June 2022, the Company issued ten year subordinated notes in the amount of $ 100.0 million. The interest rate is fixed at 5.50 % for the first five years . After five years , the notes become callable and will bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate (which is expected to be Three-Month Term SOFR), plus 249 basis points. The subordinated note includes reduction to the note principal balance of $ 1.4 million for unamortized debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2025.

The Company holds 100 % of the common stock of Berkshire Hills Capital Trust I (“Trust I”) which is included in other assets at a cost of $ 0.5 million. The sole asset of Trust I is $ 15.5 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debentures due in 2035. These debentures bear interest at a variable rate equal to 3-month CME Term SOFR plus 1.85 % and had a rate of 6.44 % and 6.63 % at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company has the right to defer payments of interest for up to five years on the debentures at any time, or from time to time, with certain limitations, including a restriction on the payment of dividends to shareholders while such interest payments on the debentures have been deferred. The Company has not exercised this right to defer payments. The Company has the right to redeem the debentures at par value. Trust I is considered a variable interest entity for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, Trust I is not consolidated into the Company’s financial statements.

The Company holds 100 % of the common stock of SI Capital Trust II (“Trust II”) which is included in other assets at a cost of $ 0.2 million. The sole asset of Trust II is $ 8.2 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debentures due in 2036. These debentures bear interest at a variable rate equal to 3-month CME Term SOFR plus 1.70 % and had a rate of 6.28 % and 6.32 % at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company has the right to defer payments of interest for up to five years on the debentures at any time, or from time to time, with certain limitations, including a restriction on the payment of dividends to shareholders while such interest payments on the debentures have been deferred. The Company has not exercised this right to defer payments. The Company has the right to redeem the debentures at par value. Trust II is considered a variable interest entity for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, Trust II is not consolidated into the Company’s financial statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

As of June 30, 2025, the Company held derivatives with a total notional amount of $ 5.1 billion. That amount included $ 0.5 billion in interest rate swap derivatives and $ 0.2 billion in interest rate collars that were designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. The Company also had economic hedges totaling $ 4.4 billion and $ 11.6 million of non-hedging derivatives, which are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes with changes in fair value recorded directly through earnings. Economic hedges included interest rate swaps totaling $ 4.0 billion, risk participation agreements with dealer banks of $ 0.4 billion, and $ 3.9 million in forward commitment contracts.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company held derivatives with a total notional amount of $ 4.9 billion. That amount included $ 0.6 billion in interest rate swap derivatives and $ 0.2 billion in interest rate collars that were designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. The Company had economic hedges and non-hedging derivatives totaling $ 4.1 billion and $ 10.5 million, respectively, which are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes and are therefore recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded directly through earnings. Economic hedges included interest rate swaps totaling $ 3.7 billion, risk participation agreements with dealer banks of $ 0.3 billion, and $ 3.0 million in forward commitment contracts.

As part of the Company’s risk management strategy, the Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Interest rate swap agreements involve the risk of dealing with both Bank customers and institutional derivative counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. The agreements are entered into with counterparties that meet established credit standards and contain master netting and collateral provisions protecting the at-risk party. The derivatives program is overseen by the Risk Management and Capital Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. Based on adherence to the Company’s credit standards and the presence of the netting and collateral provisions, the Company believes that the credit risk inherent in these contracts was not significant at June 30, 2025.

The Company had no pledged collateral to derivative counterparties in the form of cash as of June 30, 2025. The Company had pledged securities to derivative counterparties with an amortized cost of $ 10.0 million and a fair value of $ 9.7 million as of June 30, 2025. The Company does not typically require its commercial customers to post cash or securities as collateral on its program of back-to-back economic hedges. However certain language is written into the International Swaps Dealers Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) and loan documents where, in default situations, the Bank is allowed to access collateral supporting the loan relationship to recover any losses suffered on the derivative asset or liability. The Company may need to post additional collateral in the future in proportion to potential increases in unrealized loss positions.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Information about derivative assets and liabilities at June 30, 2025, follows:


			Weighted	Weighted Average Rate				Estimated
	Notional		Average			Contract		Fair Value
	Amount		Maturity	Received		pay rate		Asset (Liability)
	(In thousands)		(In years)					(In thousands)
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps on commercial loans (1)	$	475,000	0.6	3.65	%	4.09	%	$	43

Interest rate collars on commercial loans	200,000		1.0					305
Total cash flow hedges	$	675,000						$	348

Economic hedges:
Interest rate swap on tax advantaged economic development bond	$	4,826	4.4	4.80	%	5.09	%	$	( 127 )
Interest rate swaps on loans with commercial loan customers	1,983,359		4.7	4.78	%	4.76	%	( 24,122 )
Offsetting interest rate swaps on loans with commercial loan customers (1)	1,983,359		4.7	4.76	%	4.78	%	6,236
Risk participation agreements with dealer banks	393,629		5.0					318
Forward sale commitments	3,947		0.2					51
Total economic hedges	$	4,369,120						$	( 17,644 )

Non-hedging derivatives:
Commitments to lend	$	11,615	0.2					$	98
Total non-hedging derivatives	$	11,615						$	98

Total	$	5,055,735						$	( 17,198 )

(1) Fair value estimates included the impact of $ 17.6 million settled to market contract agreements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Information about derivative assets and liabilities at December 31, 2024, follows:


			Weighted	Weighted Average Rate				Estimated
	Notional		Average			Contract		Fair Value
	Amount		Maturity	Received		pay rate		Asset (Liability)
	(In thousands)		(In years)					(In thousands)
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps on commercial loans	$	600,000	0.9	3.64	%	4.53	%	$	—

Interest rate collars on commercial loans	200,000		1.5					193
	$	800,000						$	193

Economic hedges:
Interest rate swap on tax advantaged economic development bond	$	5,297	4.9	5.03	%	5.09	%	$	( 79 )
Interest rate swaps on loans with commercial loan customers	1,859,480		4.5	4.65	%	5.35	%	( 72,911 )
Offsetting interest rate swaps on loans with commercial loan customers (1)	1,859,480		4.5	5.35	%	4.65	%	41,501
Risk participation agreements with dealer banks	345,367		5.1					56
Forward sale commitments	2,991		0.2					34
Total economic hedges	$	4,072,615						$	( 31,399 )

Non-hedging derivatives:
Commitments to lend	$	10,512	0.2					$	90
Total non-hedging derivatives	$	10,512						$	90

Total	$	4,883,127						$	( 31,116 )

(1) Fair value estimates included the impact of $ 28.8 million settled to market contract agreements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of unrealized changes in the fair value of derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges is reported in other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified to earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction is forecasted to affect earnings. Each quarter, the Company assesses the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument with the changes in cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. The ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. All cash flow hedges are considered

highly effective.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had six interest rate swap contracts with a notional value of $ 475.0 million. The interest rate swaps mature during 2025 and 2026. This hedge strategy converts commercial variable rate loans to fixed interest rates, thereby protecting the Company from floating interest rate variability.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had two interest rate collars. The first interest rate collar has a 3.00 % floor and a 5.75 % cap with a notional value of $ 100.0 million. The second interest rate collar has a 3.25 % floor and a 5.75 % cap with a notional value of $ 100.0 million. The interest rate collars mature during 2026 and 2027. The structure of these instruments is such that the Company pays the counterparty an incremental amount if the collar index exceeds the cap rate. Conversely, the Company receives an incremental amount if the index falls below the floor rate. No payments are required if the collar index falls between the cap and floor rates.

Amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Income and in the other comprehensive income section of the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (related to interest rate derivatives designated as hedges of cash flows), were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest rate swaps on commercial loans:
Unrealized gain/(loss) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	( 2,606 )	$	268	$	( 1,298 )	$	( 5,413 )

Less: Reclassification of unrealized (loss) from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense	( 166 )		( 157 )		( 321 )		( 314 )



Net tax benefit on items recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income	118		( 116 )		( 286 )		1,386

Other comprehensive gain/(loss) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of reclassification adjustments and tax effects	$	( 2,322 )	$	309	$	( 1,263 )	$	( 3,713 )

Net interest expense recognized on hedged commercial loans	$	317	$	2,728	$	826	$	5,448

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Economic hedges

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had an interest rate swap with a $ 4.8 million notional amount to swap out the fixed rate of interest on an economic development bond bearing a fixed rate of 5.09 %, currently within the Company’s trading portfolio under the fair value option, in exchange for a SOFR-based floating rate. The intent of the economic hedge is to improve the Company’s asset sensitivity to changing interest rates in anticipation of favorable average floating rates of interest over the 21 -year life of the bond. The fair value changes of the economic development bond are mostly offset by fair value changes of the related interest rate swap.

The Company also offers certain derivative products directly to qualified commercial borrowers. The Company economically hedges derivative transactions executed with commercial borrowers by entering into mirror-image, offsetting derivatives with third-party financial institutions. The transaction allows the Company’s customer to convert a variable-rate loan to a fixed rate loan. Because the Company acts as an intermediary for its customer, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts mostly offset each other in earnings. There was no credit valuation loss adjustment arising from the difference in credit worthiness of the commercial loan and financial institution counterparties as of June 30, 2025. The interest income and expense on these mirror image swaps exactly offset each other.

The Company has risk participation agreements with dealer banks. Risk participation agreements occur when the Company participates on a loan and a swap where another bank is the lead. The Company gets paid a fee to take on the risk associated with having to make the lead bank whole on Berkshire’s portion of the pro-rated swap should the borrower default. Changes in fair value are recorded in current period earnings.

The Company utilizes forward sale commitments to hedge interest rate risk and the associated effects on the fair value of interest rate lock commitments and loans originated for sale. The forward sale commitments are accounted for as derivatives with changes in fair value recorded in current period earnings.

The Company uses the following types of forward sale commitments contracts:

• Best efforts loan sales,

• Mandatory delivery loan sales, and

• To Be Announced (“TBA”) mortgage-backed securities sales.

A best efforts contract refers to a loan sale agreement where the Company commits to deliver an individual mortgage loan of a specified principal amount and quality to an investor if the loan to the underlying borrower closes. The Company may enter into a best efforts contract once the price is known, which is shortly after the potential borrower’s interest rate is locked.

A mandatory delivery contract is a loan sale agreement where the Company commits to deliver a certain principal amount of mortgage loans to an investor at a specified price on or before a specified date. Generally, the Company may enter into mandatory delivery contracts shortly after the loan closes with a customer.

The Company may sell TBA mortgage-backed securities to hedge the changes in fair value of interest rate lock commitments and held for sale loans, which do not have corresponding best efforts or mandatory delivery contracts. These security sales transactions are closed once mandatory contracts are written. On the closing date the price of the security is locked-in, and the sale is paired-off with a purchase of the same security. Settlement of the security purchase/sale transaction is done with cash on a net-basis.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Non-hedging derivatives

The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”), or commitments to lend, for residential mortgage loans, which commit the Company to lend funds to a potential borrower at a specific interest rate and within a specified period of time. IRLCs that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale are considered derivative financial instruments under applicable accounting guidance. Outstanding IRLCs expose the Company to the risk that the price of the mortgage loans underlying the commitments may decline due to increases in mortgage interest rates from inception of the rate lock to the funding of the loan. The IRLCs are free-standing derivatives which are carried at fair value with changes recorded in non-interest income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Changes in the fair value of IRLCs subsequent to inception are based on changes in the fair value of the underlying loan resulting from the fulfillment of the commitment and changes in the probability that the loan will fund within the terms of the commitment, which is affected primarily by changes in interest rates and the passage of time.

Amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to economic hedges and non-hedging derivatives were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Economic hedges
Interest rate swap on industrial revenue bond:
Unrealized (loss)/gain recognized in other non-interest income	$	( 13 )	$	23	$	( 48 )	$	110

Interest rate swaps on loans with commercial loan customers:
Unrealized gain/(loss) recognized in other non-interest income	( 40,209 )		4,474		( 72,149 )		( 19,174 )
Favorable change in credit valuation adjustment recognized in other non-interest income	—		—		—		—

Offsetting interest rate swaps on loans with commercial loan customers:
Unrealized (loss)/gain recognized in other non-interest income	40,209		( 4,474 )		72,149		19,174


Risk participation agreements:
Unrealized gain recognized in other non-interest income	44		244		262		234

Forward commitments:
Unrealized (loss)/gain recognized in other non-interest income	43		( 46 )		17		11



Non-hedging derivatives
Commitments to lend
Unrealized gain recognized in other non-interest income	$	51	$	( 46 )	$	59	$	67

Realized gain in other non-interest income	271		548		459		705

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Assets and Liabilities Subject to Enforceable Master Netting Arrangements

Interest Rate Swap Agreements (“Swap Agreements”)

The Company enters into swap agreements to facilitate the risk management strategies for commercial banking customers. The Company mitigates this risk by entering into equal and offsetting swap agreements with highly rated third party financial institutions. The swap agreements are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company is party to master netting arrangements with its financial institution counterparties; however, the Company does not offset assets and liabilities under these arrangements for financial statement presentation purposes. The master netting arrangements provide for a single net settlement of all swap agreements, as well as collateral, in the event of default on, or termination of, any one contract. Collateral generally in the form of marketable securities is received or posted by the counterparty with net liability positions, respectively, in accordance with contract thresholds.

The Company had net asset positions with its financial institution counterparties totaling $ 27.8 million and $ 44.8 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had net asset positions with its commercial banking counterparties totaling $ 20.5 million and $ 3.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had net liability positions with its financial institution counterparties totaling $ 20.7 million and $ 3.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had net liability positions with its commercial banking counterparties totaling $ 45.2 million and $ 76.0 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The following table presents the assets and liabilities subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets


	Gross Amounts of		Gross Amounts Offset in the		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
	Recognized		Consolidated		Consolidated		Financial		Cash
(In thousands)	Assets		Balance Sheets		Balance Sheets		Instruments		Collateral Received		Net Amount
June 30, 2025
Interest Rate Swap Agreements:
Institutional counterparties	$	46,374	$	( 18,562 )	$	27,812	$	—	$	( 10,290 )	$	17,522
Commercial counterparties	20,495		—		20,495		—		—		20,495
Total	$	66,869	$	( 18,562 )	$	48,307	$	—	$	( 10,290 )	$	38,017

Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities


	Gross Amounts of		Gross Amounts Offset in the		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
	Recognized		Consolidated		Consolidated		Financial		Cash
(In thousands)	Liabilities		Balance Sheets		Balance Sheets		Instruments		Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
June 30, 2025
Interest Rate Swap Agreements:
Institutional counterparties	$	( 22,034 )	$	1,327	$	( 20,707 )	$	9,592	$	4,273	$	( 6,842 )
Commercial counterparties	( 45,219 )		—		( 45,219 )		—		—		( 45,219 )
Total	$	( 67,253 )	$	1,327	$	( 65,926 )	$	9,592	$	4,273	$	( 52,061 )

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets


	Gross Amounts of		Gross Amounts Offset in the		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
	Recognized		Consolidated		Consolidated		Financial		Cash
(In thousands)	Assets		Balance Sheets		Balance Sheets		Instruments		Collateral Received		Net Amount
December 31, 2024
Interest Rate Swap Agreements:
Institutional counterparties	$	76,242	$	( 31,410 )	$	44,832	$	—	$	( 32,500 )	$	12,332
Commercial counterparties	3,092		—		3,092		—		—		3,092
Total	$	79,334	$	( 31,410 )	$	47,924	$	—	$	( 32,500 )	$	15,424

Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities


	Gross Amounts of		Gross Amounts Offset in the		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
	Recognized		Consolidated		Consolidated		Financial		Cash
(In thousands)	Liabilities		Balance Sheets		Balance Sheets		Instruments		Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
December 31, 2024
Interest Rate Swap Agreements:
Institutional counterparties	$	( 5,741 )	$	2,659	$	( 3,082 )	$	9,078	$	—	$	5,996
Commercial counterparties	( 76,003 )		—		( 76,003 )		—		—		( 76,003 )
Total	$	( 81,744 )	$	2,659	$	( 79,085 )	$	9,078	$	—	$	( 70,007 )

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8. LEASES

Substantially all of the leases in which the Company is the lessee are comprised of real estate property for branches, ATM locations, and office space. Most of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. At June 30, 2025, lease expiration dates ranged from 1 month to 15 years.

The following table represents the Consolidated Balance Sheets classification of the Company’s right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities:


(In thousands)		June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Lease Right-of-Use Assets	Classification
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Other assets	$	47,120	$	50,195
Finance lease right-of-use assets	Premises and equipment, net	604		629
Total Lease Right-of-Use Assets		$	47,724	$	50,824

Lease Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	Other liabilities	$	53,136	$	55,986
Finance lease liabilities	Other liabilities	866		891
Total Lease Liabilities		$	54,002	$	56,877

Supplemental information related to leases was as follows:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases	7.7		8.1
Finance leases	12.5		13.0

Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	3.54	%	3.53	%
Finance leases	5.00	%	5.00	%

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. For real estate leases, non-lease components and other non-components, such as common area maintenance charges, real estate taxes, and insurance are not included in the measurement of the lease liability since they are generally able to be segregated.

The Company does not have any material sub-lease agreements.

Lease expense for operating leases for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was $ 2.3 million. Lease expense for operating leases for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $ 4.5 million. Variable lease components, such as consumer price index adjustments, are expensed as incurred and not included in ROU assets and operating lease liabilities.

Lease expense for operating leases for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $ 2.2 million. Lease expense for operating leases for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $ 4.5 million. Variable lease components, such as consumer price index adjustments, are expensed as incurred and not included in ROU assets and operating lease liabilities.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:


	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	June 30, 2025		June 30, 2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	2,132	$	2,048
Operating cash flows from finance leases	11		11
Financing cash flows from finance leases	12		12


	Six Months Ended
(In thousands)	June 30, 2025		June 30, 2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	4,378	$	4,211
Operating cash flows from finance leases	22		86
Financing cash flows from finance leases	25		118

The following table presents a maturity analysis of the Company’s lease liability by lease classification at June 30, 2025:


(In thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2025	$	4,475	$	46
2026	9,357		93
2027	8,707		93
2028	7,658		93
2029	6,657		93
Thereafter	23,414		744
Total undiscounted lease payments	60,268		1,162
Less amounts representing interest	( 7,132 )		( 296 )
Lease liability	$	53,136	$	866

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 9. CAPITAL RATIOS AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The actual and required capital ratios were as follows:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		Minimum Capital Requirement
Company (consolidated)
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	15.9	%	15.5	%	8.0	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	13.6		13.2		6.0
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	13.4		13.0		4.5
Tier 1 capital to average assets	11.1		11.0		4.0


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		Regulatory Minimum to be Adequately Capitalized		Regulatory Minimum to be Well Capitalized
Bank
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	14.2	%	13.8	%	8.0	%	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	13.0		12.6		6.0		8.0
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	13.0		12.6		4.5		6.5
Tier 1 capital to average assets	10.6		10.4		4.0		5.0

The Company and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. At each date shown, the Company met the minimum capital requirements and the Bank met the conditions to be classified as “well capitalized” under the relevant regulatory framework. To be categorized as well capitalized, an institution must maintain minimum total risk-based, tier 1 risk-based, and tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table above.

As of January 1, 2019, banking organizations must maintain a minimum common equity tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 7.0%, a minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.5%, and a minimum Total risk-based capital ratio of 10.5%, including a 2.5% capital conservation buffer. Capital rules impose restrictions on capital distributions and certain discretionary cash bonus payments if the capital conservation buffer is not met.

At June 30, 2025, the capital levels of both the Company and the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios were above the minimum levels required to be considered well capitalized for regulatory purposes. The capital levels of both the Company and the Bank at June 30, 2025 also exceeded the minimum capital requirements including the currently applicable capital conservation buffer of 2.5%.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)

Components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) are as follows:


(In thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Other accumulated comprehensive income, before tax:
Net unrealized holding (loss) on AFS securities	$	( 123,423 )	$	( 142,127 )
Net unrealized (loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives	( 1,145 )		( 3,037 )
Net unrealized holding gain on pension plans	365		365

Income taxes related to items of accumulated other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized tax benefit on AFS securities	32,746		37,716
Net unrealized tax benefit on cash flow hedging derivatives	316		838
Net unrealized tax expense on pension plans	( 99 )		( 98 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	( 91,240 )	$	( 106,343 )

The following table presents the components of other comprehensive (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:


(In thousands)	Before Tax		Tax Effect		Net of Tax
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Net unrealized holding gain on AFS securities:
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	$	4,744	$	( 1,275 )	$	3,469
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income	—		—		—
Net unrealized holding gain on AFS securities	4,744		( 1,275 )		3,469

Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedging derivatives:
Net unrealized gain arising during the period	428		( 118 )		310
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income	—		—		—
Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedging derivatives	428		( 118 )		310










Other comprehensive income	$	5,172	$	( 1,393 )	$	3,779




Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net unrealized holding loss on AFS securities:
Net unrealized (losses) arising during the period	$	( 816 )	$	224	$	( 592 )
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income	—		—		—
Net unrealized holding loss on AFS securities	( 816 )		224		( 592 )

Net unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivatives:
Net unrealized (loss) arising during the period	268		( 73 )		195
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income	( 157 )		43		( 114 )
Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedging derivatives	425		( 116 )		309










Other comprehensive (loss)	$	( 391 )	$	108	$	( 283 )

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(In thousands)	Before Tax		Tax Effect		Net of Tax
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Net unrealized holding loss on AFS securities:
Net unrealized (losses) arising during the period	$	18,704	$	( 4,970 )	$	13,734
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income	—		—		—
Net unrealized holding gain on AFS securities	18,704		( 4,970 )		13,734

Net unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivatives:
Net unrealized (loss) arising during the period	1,892		( 523 )		1,369
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income	—		—		—
Net unrealized (loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives	1,892		( 523 )		1,369










Other comprehensive income	$	20,596	$	( 5,493 )	$	15,103




Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net unrealized holding gain on AFS securities:
Net unrealized (losses) arising during the period	$	( 6,438 )	$	2,115	$	( 4,323 )
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income	( 49,909 )		13,555		( 36,354 )
Net unrealized holding gain on AFS securities	43,471		( 11,440 )		32,031

Net unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivatives:
Net unrealized (loss) arising during the period	( 5,413 )		1,471		( 3,942 )
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income	( 314 )		85		( 229 )
Net unrealized (loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives	( 5,099 )		1,386		( 3,713 )










Other comprehensive income	$	38,372	$	( 10,054 )	$	28,318

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:


(In thousands)	Net unrealized holding loss on AFS Securities		Net loss on effective cash flow hedging derivatives		Net unrealized holding loss on pension plans		Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Balance at Beginning of Period	$	( 94,145 )	$	( 1,140 )	$	266	$	( 95,019 )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	3,469		310		—		3,779
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss)	—		—		—		—
Total other comprehensive income	3,469		310		—		3,779
Balance at End of Period	$	( 90,676 )	$	( 830 )	$	266	$	( 91,240 )

Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Balance at Beginning of Period	$	( 106,902 )	$	( 7,128 )	$	( 385 )	$	( 114,415 )
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications	( 592 )		195		—		( 397 )
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss)	—		( 114 )		—		( 114 )
Total other comprehensive income	( 592 )		309		—		( 283 )

Balance at End of Period	$	( 107,494 )	$	( 6,819 )	$	( 385 )	$	( 114,698 )

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Balance at Beginning of Period	$	( 104,410 )	$	( 2,199 )	$	266	$	( 106,343 )
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications	13,734		1,369		—		15,103
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—
Total other comprehensive income	13,734		1,369		—		15,103
Balance at End of Period	( 90,676 )		( 830 )		266		( 91,240 )

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Balance at Beginning of Period	$	( 139,525 )	$	( 3,106 )	$	( 385 )	$	( 143,016 )
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications	( 4,323 )		( 3,942 )		—		( 8,265 )
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	( 36,354 )		( 229 )		—		( 36,583 )
Total other comprehensive (loss)	32,031		( 3,713 )		—		28,318
Balance at End of Period	$	( 107,494 )	$	( 6,819 )	$	( 385 )	$	( 114,698 )

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following tables presents the amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive

income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:


					Affected Line Item in the
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Statement where Net Income
(In thousands)	2025		2024		is Presented
Realized (losses) on AFS securities:
	$	—	$	—	Non-interest income

	—		—		Tax benefit
	—		—		Net of tax

Realized (losses) on cash flow hedging derivatives:
	—		( 157 )		Interest expense
	—		—		Non-interest expense
	—		43		Tax benefit
	—		( 114 )		Net of tax












Total reclassifications for the period	$	—	$	( 114 )	Net of tax


					Affected Line Item in the
	Six Months Ended June 30,				Statement where Net Income
(In thousands)	2025		2024		is Presented
Realized (losses) on AFS securities:
	$	—	$	( 49,909 )	Non-interest income

	—		13,555		Tax benefit
	—		( 36,354 )		Net of tax

Realized (losses) on cash flow hedging derivatives:
	—		( 632 )		Interest expense
	—		—		Non-interest expense
	—		172		Tax benefit
	—		( 460 )		Net of tax












Total reclassifications for the period	$	—	$	( 36,814 )	Net of tax

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 10. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share have been computed based on the following (average diluted shares outstanding are calculated using the treasury stock method):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30, 2025
(In thousands, except per share data)	2025		2024		2025		2024


Net income	$	30,366	$	24,025	$	56,085	$	3,837

Average number of common shares issued	51,903		51,903		51,903		51,903
Less: average number of treasury shares	5,595		8,656		5,552		8,506
Less: average number of unvested stock award shares	544		810		620		795

Average number of basic shares outstanding	45,764		42,437		45,731		42,602
Plus: dilutive effect of unvested stock award shares	242		71		310		161
Plus: dilutive effect of stock options outstanding	1		—		1		—
Average number of diluted shares outstanding	46,007		42,508		46,042		42,763




Basic earnings per common share:	$	0.66	$	0.57	$	1.23	$	0.09




Diluted earnings per common share:	$	0.66	$	0.57	$	1.22	$	0.09

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, 301 thousand shares of unvested restricted stock and 44 thousand options outstanding were anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the earnings per share calculation. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, 318 thousand shares of unvested restricted stock and 44 thousand options outstanding were anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the earnings per share calculation. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, 739 thousand shares of unvested restricted stock and 49 thousand options outstanding were anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the earnings per share calculation. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, 627 thousand shares of unvested restricted stock and 49 thousand options outstanding were anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the earnings per share calculation.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

A combined summary of activity in the Company’s stock award and stock option plans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is presented in the following table:


	Non-Vested Stock Awards Outstanding			Stock Options Outstanding
(Shares in thousands)	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price
December 31, 2024	796	$	24.94	44	$	26.65
Granted	1	29.13		—	—
Acquired	—	—		—	—
Stock options exercised	—	—		—	—
Stock awards vested	( 264 )	26.01		—	—
Forfeited	( 40 )	26.01		—	—
Expired	—	—		—	—
June 30, 2025	493	$	24.29	44	$	26.65

During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no stock option exercises. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, there were 172 thousand and 263 thousand shares vested in connection with stock awards, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, there were 173 thousand and 339 thousand shares vested in connection with stock awards, respectively. All of these shares were issued from available treasury stock. Stock-based compensation expense totaled $ 1.3 million and $ 1.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense totaled $ 2.6 million and $ 3.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period for all awards.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. These valuation methodologies were applied to all of the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are carried at fair value.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value.


	June 30, 2025
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In thousands)	Inputs		Inputs		Inputs		Fair Value
Trading securities	$	—	$	—	$	4,835	$	4,835
Securities available for sale:
U.S Treasuries	7,985		—		—		7,985
Municipal bonds and obligations	—		60,135		—		60,135
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations	—		272,280		—		272,280
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities	—		222,257		—		222,257
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		65,830		—		65,830
Corporate bonds	—		32,294		3,932		36,226


Equity securities	—		647		—		647
Loans held for investment at fair value	—		—		296		296
Loans held for sale	—		4,014		—		4,014
Derivative assets	—		47,904		149		48,053
Capitalized servicing rights	—		—		2,146		2,146
Derivative liabilities	—		2,250		—		2,250


	December 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In thousands)	Inputs		Inputs		Inputs		Fair Value
Trading securities	$	—	$	—	$	5,258	$	5,258
Securities available for sale:
U.S Treasuries	6,989		—		—		6,989
Municipal bonds and obligations	—		60,864		—		60,864
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations	—		264,562		—		264,562
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities	—		220,240		—		220,240
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		66,711		—		66,711
Corporate bonds	—		32,456		3,901		36,357


Equity securities	—		655		—		655
Loans held for investment at fair value	—		—		325		$	325
Loans held for sale	—		3,076		—		3,076
Derivative assets	—		47,799		124		47,923
Capitalized servicing rights	—		—		1,706		1,706
Derivative liabilities	—		79,039		—		79,039

There were no transfers between levels during the three months ended June 30, 2025.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Trading Securities at Fair Value. The Company holds one security designated as a trading security. It is a tax-advantaged economic development bond issued to the Company by a local nonprofit which provides wellness and health programs. The fair value of this security is determined based on a discounted cash flow methodology. Certain inputs to the fair value calculation are unobservable and there is little to no market activity in the security; therefore, the security meets the definition of a Level 3 security. The discount rate used in the valuation of the security is sensitive to movements in the 3-month SOFR rate.

Securities Available for Sale and Equity Securities . Equity securities classified as Level 1 consist of publicly-traded equity securities for which the fair values can be obtained through quoted market prices in active exchange markets. Equity securities classified as Level 2 consist of securities with infrequent trades in active exchange markets, and pricing is primarily sourced from third party pricing services. AFS securities classified as Level 1 consist of U.S. Treasury securities. AFS securities classified as Level 2 include most of the Company’s debt securities. The pricing on Level 2 and Level 3 was primarily sourced from third party pricing services, overseen by management, and is based on models that consider standard input factors such as dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and condition, among other things. Level 3 pricing includes inputs unobservable to market participants.

Loans Held for Investment. The Company’s held for investment loan portfolio includes loans originated by Company and loans acquired through business combinations. The Company intends to hold these assets until maturity as a part of its business operations. For one acquired portfolio subset, the Company previously accounted for these purchased-credit impaired loans as a pool under ASC 310, as they were determined to have common risk characteristics. These loans were recorded at fair value on acquisition date and subsequently evaluated for impairment collectively. Upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company elected the fair value option on this portfolio, recognizing an $ 11.2 million fair value write-down charged to retained earnings, net of deferred tax impact, as of January 1, 2020. The fair value of this loan portfolio is determined based on a discounted cash flow methodology. Certain inputs to the fair value calculation are unobservable; therefore, the loans meet the definition of Level 3 assets. The discount rate used in the valuation is consistent with assets that have significant credit deterioration. The cash flow assumptions include payment schedules for loans with current payment histories and estimated collateral value for delinquent loans. All of these loans were nonperforming as of June 30, 2025.

Aggregate Fair Value

June 30, 2025

Aggregate

Less Aggregate

(In thousands)

Fair Value

Unpaid Principal

Loans held for investment at fair value

296

6,521

( 6,225 )

Aggregate Fair Value

December 31, 2024

Aggregate

Less Aggregate

(In thousands)

Fair Value

Unpaid Principal

Loans held for investment at fair value

325

6,541

( 6,216 )

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Loans Held for Sale. The Company elected the fair value option for all loans held for sale (HFS) originated for sale on or after May 1, 2012. Loans HFS are classified as Level 2 as the fair value is based on input factors such as quoted prices for similar loans in active markets.

Aggregate Fair Value

June 30, 2025

Aggregate

Less Aggregate

(In thousands)

Fair Value

Unpaid Principal

Loans held for sale

4,014

3,947

Aggregate Fair Value

December 31, 2024

Aggregate

Less Aggregate

(In thousands)

Fair Value

Unpaid Principal

Loans held for sale

3,076

3,015

The changes in fair value of loans held for sale for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, were gains of $ 42 thousand and $ 6 thousand, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, originations of loans held for sale totaled $ 36.5 million and $ 58.7 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, sales of loans originated for sale totaled $ 33.9 million and $ 57.5 million, respectively.

The changes in fair value of loans held for sale for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, were gains of $ 24 thousand and losses of $ 31 thousand, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, originations of loans held for sale totaled $ 16.8 million and $ 44.7 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, sales of loans originated for sale totaled $ 17.0 million and $ 41.3 million, respectively.

Interest Rate Swaps. The valuation of the Company’s interest rate swaps is obtained from a third-party pricing service and is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. The pricing analysis is based on observable inputs for the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity and interest rate curves. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings.

Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its interest rate derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of June 30, 2025, the Company assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Commitments to Lend. The Company enters into commitments to lend for residential mortgage loans intended for sale, which commit the Company to lend funds to a potential borrower at a specific interest rate and within a specified period of time. The estimated fair value of commitments to originate residential mortgage loans for sale is based on quoted prices for similar loans in active markets. However, this value is adjusted by a factor which considers the likelihood that the loan in a lock position will ultimately close, and by the non-refundable costs of originating the loan. The closing ratio is derived from the Bank’s internal data and is adjusted using significant management judgment. The costs to originate are primarily based on the Company’s internal commission rates that are not observable. As such, these commitments are classified as Level 3 measurements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Forward Sale Commitments . The Company utilizes forward sale commitments as economic hedges against potential changes in the values of the commitments to lend and loans originated for sale. To Be Announced (“TBA”) mortgage-backed securities forward commitment sales are used as the hedging instrument, are classified as Level 1, and consist of publicly-traded debt securities for which identical fair values can be obtained through quoted market prices in active exchange markets. The fair values of the Company’s best efforts and mandatory delivery loan sale commitments are determined similarly to the commitments to lend using quoted prices in the market place that are observable. However, costs to originate and closing ratios included in the calculation are internally generated and are based on management’s judgment and prior experience, which are considered factors that are not observable. As such, best efforts and mandatory forward commitments are classified as Level 3 measurements.

Capitalized Servicing Rights. The Company accounts for certain capitalized servicing rights at fair value in its Consolidated Financial Statements, as the Company is permitted to elect the fair value option for each specific instrument. A loan servicing right asset represents the amount by which the present value of the estimated future net cash flows to be received from servicing loans exceed adequate compensation for performing the servicing. The fair value of servicing rights is estimated using a present value cash flow model. The most important assumptions used in the valuation model are the anticipated rate of the loan prepayments and discount rates. Although some assumptions in determining fair value are based on standards used by market participants, some are based on unobservable inputs and therefore are classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

The table below presents the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.


	Assets (Liabilities)
			Securities		Loans						Capitalized
	Trading		Available		Held for		Commitments		Forward		Servicing
(In thousands)	Securities		for Sale		Investment		to Lend		Commitments		Rights
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
March 31, 2025	$	5,010	$	3,923	$	318	$	93	$	8	$	1,646



Unrealized gain/(loss), net recognized in other non-interest income	23		—		( 10 )		5		43		500
Unrealized gain (loss) included in accumulated other comprehensive income	—		9				—		—		—

Paydown of asset	( 198 )		—		( 12 )		—		—		—

Transfers to held for sale loans	—		—		—		—		—		—

June 30, 2025	$	4,835	$	3,932	$	296	$	98	$	51	$	2,146

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
December 31, 2024	$	5,258	$	3,901	$	326	$	90	$	34	$	1,706


Unrealized gain, net recognized in other non-interest income	48		—		( 9 )		8		17		440
Unrealized gain (loss) included in accumulated other comprehensive income	—		31		—		—		—		—


Paydown of asset	( 471 )		—		( 21 )		—		—		—
Transfers to held for sale loans	—		—		—		—		—		—
Additions to servicing rights	—		—		0		—		—		—
June 30, 2025	$	4,835	$	3,932	$	296	$	98	$	51	$	2,146

Unrealized (loss)/gain relating to instruments still held at June 30, 2025	$	9	$	( 68 )	$	—	$	98	$	51	$	—

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Assets (Liabilities)
			Securities		Loans						Capitalized
	Trading		Available		Held for		Commitments		Forward		Servicing
(In thousands)	Securities		for Sale		Investment		to Lend		Commitments		Rights
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
March 31, 2024	$	5,909	$	3,929	$	396	$	147	$	78	$	1,346



Unrealized (loss)/gain, net recognized in other non-interest income	14		—		( 45 )		338		( 46 )		220
Unrealized gain included in accumulated other comprehensive income	—		( 27 )		—		—		—		—

Paydown of asset	( 224 )		—		( 25 )		—		—		—

Transfers to held for sale loans	—		—		—		( 384 )		—		—

June 30, 2024	$	5,699	$	3,902	$	326	$	101	$	32	$	1,566

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
December 31, 2023	$	6,142	$	3,923	$	374	$	34	$	21	$	1,526


Unrealized gain/(loss), net recognized in other non-interest income	3		—		3		598		11		40
Unrealized (loss) included in accumulated other comprehensive income	—		( 21 )		—		—		—		—


Paydown of asset	( 446 )		—		( 51 )		—		—		—
Transfers to held for sale loans	—		—		—		( 531 )		—		—
Additions to servicing rights	—		—		0		—		—		—
June 30, 2024	$	5,699	$	3,902	$	326	$	101	$	32	$	1,566

Unrealized (loss)/gain relating to instruments still held at June 30, 2024	$	( 57 )	$	( 98 )	$	—	$	101	$	32	$	—

Quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs within Level 3 recurring assets and liabilities is as follows:


	Fair Value				Significant Unobservable Input
(In thousands)	June 30, 2025		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Inputs	Value
Assets (Liabilities)
Trading Securities	$	4,835	Discounted Cash Flow	Discount Rate	3.31		%
AFS Securities	3,932		Indication from Market Maker	Price	99.41		%
Loans held for investment	296		Discounted Cash Flow	Discount Rate	25.00		%
				Collateral Value	$0.0 - $20.1
Commitments to lend	98		Historical Trend	Closing Ratio	79.63		%
			Pricing Model	Origination Costs, per loan	$	3
Forward commitments	51		Historical Trend	Closing Ratio	79.63		%
			Pricing Model	Origination Costs, per loan	$	3
Capitalized servicing rights	2,146		Discounted cash flow	Constant Prepayment Rate (CPR)	7.41		%
				Discount Rate	10.09		%
Total	$	11,358

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Fair Value				Significant Unobservable Input
(In thousands)	December 31, 2024		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Inputs	Value
Assets (Liabilities)
Trading Securities	$	5,258	Discounted Cash Flow	Discount Rate	3.36		%
AFS Securities	3,901		Indication from Market Maker	Price	97.53		%
Loans held for investment	325		Discounted Cash Flow	Discount Rate	25.00		%
				Collateral Value	$ 0.0 - $ 18.8
Commitments to lend	90		Historical Trend	Closing Ratio	83.21		%
			Pricing Model	Origination Costs, per loan	$	3
Forward commitments	34		Historical Trend	Closing Ratio	83.21		%
			Pricing Model	Origination Costs, per loan	$	3
Capitalized servicing rights	1,706		Discounted Cash Flow	Constant Prepayment Rate (CPR)	7.21		%
				Discount Rate	10.09		%
Total	$	11,314

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company is required, on a non-recurring basis, to adjust the carrying value or provide valuation allowances for certain assets using fair value measurements in accordance with GAAP. The following is a summary of applicable non-recurring fair value measurements. There are no liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

June 30, 2025

Fair Value Measurement Date

December 31, 2024

Fair Value Measurement Date

Level 3

(In thousands)

Inputs

Assets

Individually evaluated

2,255

June 2025

2,195

December 2024

Capitalized servicing rights

10,330

June 2025

10,084

December 2024

Other real estate owned

124

June 2025

—

December 2024

Total

12,709

12,279

Quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs within Level 3 non-recurring assets is as follows:

Fair Value

(In thousands)

June 30, 2025

Valuation Techniques

Unobservable Inputs

Range (Weighted Average) (1)

Assets

Individually evaluated

2,255

Fair Value of Collateral

Discounted Cash Flow - Loss Severity

( 100.00 )% to 0.00 % (( 65.53 )%

Appraised Value

$ 0 to $ 177 ($ 147 )

Capitalized servicing rights

10,330

Discounted Cash Flow

Constant Prepayment Rate (CPR)

5.22 % to 19.10 % ( 13.90 %)

Discount Rate

10.47 % to 12.31 % ( 11.16 %)

Other Real Estate Owned

124

Fair Value of Collateral

Appraised Value

N/A

Total

12,709

(1) Where dollar amounts are disclosed, the amounts represent the lowest and highest fair value of the respective assets in the population except for adjustments for market/property conditions, which represents the range of adjustments to individuals properties.

Fair Value

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

Valuation Techniques

Unobservable Inputs

Range (Weighted Average) (1)

Assets

Individually evaluated

2,195

Fair Value of Collateral

Discounted Cash Flow - loss severity

( 100.00 )% to ( 0.03 )% (( 66.97 )%)

Appraised Value

$ 0 to $ 180 ($ 153 )

Capitalized servicing rights

10,084

Discounted Cash Flow

Constant Prepayment Rate (CPR)

4.87 % to 14.58 % ( 13.33 %)

Discount Rate

10.47 % to 12.97 % ( 11.56 %)

Total

12,279

There were no Level 1 or Level 2 nonrecurring fair value measurements for the periods ended June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Individually evaluated loans. Loans are generally not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Periodically, the Company records non-recurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of those loans. Non-recurring adjustments can also include certain impairment amounts for collateral-dependent loans calculated when establishing the allowance for credit losses. Such amounts are generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan and, as a result, the carrying value of the loan less the calculated valuation amount does not necessarily represent the fair value of the loan. Real estate collateral is typically valued using appraisals or other indications of value based on recent comparable sales of similar properties or assumptions generally observable in the marketplace. However, the choice of observable data is subject to significant judgment, and there are often adjustments based on judgment in order to make observable data comparable and to consider the impact of time, the condition of properties, interest rates, and other market factors on current values. Additionally, commercial real estate appraisals frequently involve discounting of projected cash flows, which relies inherently on unobservable data. Therefore, nonrecurring fair value measurement adjustments that relate to real estate collateral have generally been classified as Level 3. Estimates of fair value for other collateral that supports commercial loans are generally based on assumptions not observable in the marketplace and therefore such valuations have been classified as Level 3.

Loans Transferred to Held for Sale. Once a decision has been made to sell loans not previously classified as held for sale, these loans are transferred into the held for sale category and carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Real estate collateral is typically valued using appraisals or other indications of value based on recent comparable sales of similar properties or assumptions generally observable in the marketplace. The choice of observable data is subject to significant judgment, and there are often adjustments based on judgment in order to make observable data comparable and to consider the impact of time, the condition of properties, interest rates, and other market factors on current values. Nonrecurring fair value measurement adjustments that relate to real estate collateral have generally been classified as Level 3. Estimates of fair value for other collateral that supports commercial loans are generally based on assumptions not observable in the marketplace and therefore such valuations have been classified as Level 3.

Capitalized loan servicing rights . A loan servicing right asset represents the amount by which the present value of the estimated future net cash flows to be received from servicing loans exceed adequate compensation for performing the servicing. The fair value of servicing rights is estimated using a present value cash flow model. The most important assumptions used in the valuation model are the anticipated rate of the loan prepayments and discount rates. Adjustments are only recorded when the discounted cash flows derived from the valuation model are less than the carrying value of the asset. Although some assumptions in determining fair value are based on standards used by market participants, some are based on unobservable inputs and therefore are classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Other real estate owned ("OREO"). OREO results from foreclosure process on residential or commercial loans issued by the Bank. Upon assuming the real estate, the Company records the property at the fair value of the asset less the estimated sales costs. Thereafter, OREO properties are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value less the estimated sales costs. OREO fair values are primarily determined based on Level 3 data including sales comparables and appraisals.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The following tables summarize the estimated fair values (represents exit price), and related carrying amounts, of the Company’s financial instruments. Certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.


	June 30, 2025
	Carrying		Fair
(In thousands)	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	802,731	$	802,731	$	802,731	$	—	$	—
Trading securities	4,835		4,835		—		—		4,835
Equity securities	647		647		—		647		—
Securities available for sale	664,713		664,713		7,985		652,796		3,932
Securities held to maturity	476,756		407,406		—		406,490		916
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	25,579		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Net loans	9,381,505		9,159,079		—		—		9,159,079
Loans held for sale	4,014		4,014		—		4,014		—
Accrued interest receivable	47,481		47,481		—		47,841		—

Derivative assets	48,053		48,053		—		47,904		149
Assets held for sale	6,519		6,519		—		6,519		—

Financial Liabilities
Total deposits	$	9,979,031	$	9,974,063	$	—	$	9,974,063	$	—
Short-term debt	360,000		359,895		—		359,895		—
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other	103,861		101,150		—		101,150		—
Subordinated borrowings	121,736		111,352		—		111,352		—
Accrued interest payable	8,403		8,403		—		8,403		—
Derivative liabilities	2,250		2,250		—		2,250		—

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	December 31, 2024
	Carrying		Fair
(In thousands)	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,128,409	$	1,128,409	$	1,128,409	$	—	$	—
Trading securities	5,258		5,258		—		—		5,258
Equity securities	655		655		—		655		—
Securities available for sale and other	655,723		655,723		6,989		644,833		3,901
Securities held to maturity	507,658		433,382		—		432,280		1,102
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	19,565		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Net loans	9,270,294		8,984,103		—		—		8,984,103
Loans held for sale	3,076		3,076		—		3,076		—
Accrued interest receivable	49,410		49,410		—		49,410		—

Derivative assets	47,923		47,923		—		47,799		124


Financial Liabilities
Total deposits	$	10,375,204	$	10,367,636	$	—	$	10,367,636	$	—
Short-term debt	103,500		103,635		—		103,635		—
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	212,982		209,736		—		209,736		—
Subordinated borrowings	121,612		110,447		—		110,447		—
Accrued interest payable	9,005		9,005		—		9,005		—
Derivative liabilities	79,039		79,039		—		79,039		—

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 13. NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Presented below is net interest income after provision for credit losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30, 2025
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net interest income	$	91,921	$	88,532	$	181,692	$	176,672
Provision for credit losses	4,000		6,499		9,500		12,499
Net interest after provision for credit losses	$	87,921	$	82,033	$	172,192	$	164,173

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 14. TAX EQUITY INVESTMENTS

The Company typically accounts for tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, if certain criteria are met. The election to account for tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method is done so on a tax credit program-by-tax credit program basis. Under the proportional amortization method, the Company amortizes the initial cost of the investment, which is inclusive of any delayed equity contributions, that are unconditional and legally binding or for equity contributions that are contingent on a future event, when that event becomes probable, in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits that are allocated to the Company over the period of the investment.

Under the proportional amortization method, the Company amortizes the initial cost of the investment, inclusive of delayed equity contributions, in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits that are allocated to the Company over the period of the investment. The net benefits of these investments, which are comprised of income tax credits and operating loss income tax benefits, net of investment amortization, are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of income tax expense. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the carrying value of all tax equity investments was $ 43.0 million and $ 35.6 million, respectively, and were included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The carrying value of the investments accounted for under the proportional amortization method (PAM) on June 30, 2025 included $ 21.2 million of delayed equity contributions described in the chart below. The delayed equity contributions were included in Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company's delayed equity contributions were estimated to be paid as follows:


(In thousands)	Delayed Equity Contributions
2025	$	9,125
2026	7,294
2027	4,277
2028	245

Thereafter	237
Total delayed equity contributions	$	21,178

The following table presents income tax credits and other income tax benefits, as well as amortization expense, associated with investments where the proportional amortization method of accounting has been applied for the periods indicated.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Provision for Income Taxes:
Amortization of tax credit investments	$	( 951 )	$	( 639 )	$	( 1,902 )	$	( 1,278 )
Tax credit and other tax benefit/(expense)	860		188		1,715		761
Total provision for income taxes	$	( 91 )	$	( 451 )	$	( 187 )	$	( 517 )

There was no material non-income tax related expense associated with these investments recorded outside of income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. There were no impairment losses recorded on tax equity investments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 15. PENDING MERGER

On December 16, 2024, Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Berkshire”), Commerce Acquisition Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire (“Merger Sub”), and Brookline Bancorp, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Brookline”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”). The Merger Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub will merge with and into Brookline, with Brookline as the surviving entity (the “Merger”), and immediately following the Merger, Brookline will merge with and into Berkshire, with Berkshire as the surviving entity (the “Holdco Merger”). The Merger Agreement further provides that immediately following the Merger, Berkshire Bank, a Massachusetts trust company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire, Bank Rhode Island, a Rhode Island-chartered bank and a wholly owned subsidiary of Brookline, and PCSB Bank, a New York-chartered bank and a wholly owned subsidiary of Brookline, each will merge with and into Brookline Bank, a Massachusetts trust company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Brookline, with Brookline Bank as the surviving bank (the “Bank Mergers” and, together with the Merger and the Holdco Merger, the “Proposed Transaction”).

Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of common stock, $ 0.01 par value, of Brookline (“Brookline Common Stock”) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than certain shares held by Brookline or Berkshire, will be converted into the right to receive 0.42 of a share (the “Exchange Ratio”) of common stock, par value $ 0.01 per share, of Berkshire (“Berkshire Common Stock”). Holders of Brookline Common Stock will receive cash in lieu of fractional shares of Berkshire Common Stock.

Table of Contents

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following summary data is based in part on the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and other information appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.


	At or for the						At or for the
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
NOMINAL AND PER SHARE DATA
Net earnings per common share, diluted	$	0.66		$	0.57		$	1.22		$	0.09
Operating earnings per common share, diluted (1)(2)	0.69			0.55			1.29			1.03
Net income, (thousands)	30,366			24,025			56,085			3,837
Operating net income, (thousands) (1)(2)	31,587			23,168			59,208			44,102
Net interest income, non FTE	91,921			88,532			181,692			176,672
Net interest income, FTE (4)	93,761			90,545			185,416			180,691
Total common shares outstanding, (thousands)	46,303			42,959			46,303			42,959
Average diluted shares, (thousands)	46,007			42,508			46,042			42,763
Total book value per common share	26.40			23.58			26.40			23.58
Tangible book value per common share (2)	26.12			23.18			26.12			23.18
Dividends per common share	0.18			0.18			0.36			0.36
Dividend payout ratio	27.54		%	32.74		%	29.80		%	N/M

PERFORMANCE RATIOS (3)
Return on equity	9.97		%	9.49		%	9.31		%	0.76		%
Operating return on equity (1)(2)	10.37			9.15			9.83			8.69
Return on tangible common equity (1)(2)	10.35			9.99			9.69			1.11
Operating return on tangible common equity (1)(2)	10.76			9.65			10.22			9.19
Return on assets	1.03			0.82			0.95			0.07
Operating return on assets (1)(2)	1.07			0.79			1.00			0.75
Net interest margin, FTE (4)	3.27			3.20			3.26			3.18
Efficiency ratio (1)(2)	56.73			63.40			58.07			64.81


FINANCIAL DATA (in millions, end of period)
Total assets	$	12,035		$	12,219		$	12,035		$	12,219
Total earning assets	11,346			11,510			11,346			11,510
Total loans	9,499			9,229			9,499			9,229

Total deposits	9,979			9,621			9,979			9,621
Loans/deposits (%)	95		%	96		%	95		%	96		%
Total shareholders' equity	1,222			1,013			1,222			1,013

ASSET QUALITY
Allowance for credit losses, (millions)	$	117		$	112		$	117		$	112
Net charge-offs, (millions)	(3)			(2)			(7)			(6)
Net charge-offs (QTD annualized)/average loans	0.14		%	0.07		%	0.15		%	0.13		%
Provision expense, (millions)	$	4		$	6		$	10		$	12

Non-accruing loans/total loans	0.27		%	0.23		%	0.27		%	0.23		%
Allowance for credit losses/non-accruing loans	462			525			462			525
Allowance for credit losses/total loans	1.24			1.22			1.24			1.22

CAPITAL RATIOS
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	13.4			11.6		%	13.4		%	11.6		%
Tier 1 capital leverage ratio	13.6			9.6			13.6			9.6
Tangible common shareholders' equity/tangible assets (2)	10.1			8.2			10.1			8.2

Table of Contents

____________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Operating measurements are non-GAAP financial measures that are adjusted to exclude net non-operating charges primarily related to acquisitions and restructuring activities. Refer to "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for additional information.

(2) Non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for additional information.

(3) All performance ratios are annualized and are based on average balance sheet amounts, where applicable.

(4) Fully taxable equivalent considers the impact of tax advantaged investment securities and loans.

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AVERAGE BALANCES AND AVERAGE YIELDS/RATES

The following table presents average balances and an analysis of average rates and yields on an annualized fully taxable equivalent basis for the periods included:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025						2024
(Dollars in millions)	Average Balance		Interest (FTE basis)		Yield/Rate (FTE basis)		Average Balance		Interest (FTE basis)		Yield/Rate (FTE basis)
Assets
Loans:
Commercial real estate	$	4,903	$	76	6.19	%	$	4,649	$	77	6.52	%
Commercial and industrial loans	1,501		27		6.99		1,384		27		7.62
Residential mortgages	2,711		30		4.39		2,694		28		4.21
Consumer loans	369		5		6.58		430		8		7.47
Total loans (1)	9,484		138		5.82		9,157		140		6.05
Investment securities (2)	1,299		8		2.59		1,332		8		2.44
Short-term investments & loans held for sale (3)	540		5		4.31		597		8		5.07
New York branch loans held for sale (4)	—		—		—		57		1		5.86
Total interest-earning assets	11,323		151		5.38		11,143		157		5.57
Intangible assets	13				x		18				x
Other non-interest earning assets	513				x		531				x

Total assets	$	11,849					$	11,692
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits	$	2,281	$	—	—	%	$	2,244	$	—	—	%
NOW and other	800		3		1.48		763		3		1.44
Money market	3,095		23		2.92		2,909		24		3.32
Savings	1,081		3		1.24		1,004		3		1.06
Time	2,560		24		3.73		2,376		25		4.22
Total deposits	9,817		53		2.15		9,296		55		2.35
Borrowings and notes (5)	590		7		4.65		619		9		5.55
New York branch non-interest-bearing deposits (4)	—		—		—		97		—		—
New York branch interest-bearing deposits (4)	—		—		—		386		3		2.80
Total funding liabilities	10,407		60		2.29		10,398		67		2.53
Other non-interest earning liabilities	224						281

Total liabilities	10,631						10,679


Total common shareholders' equity	1,218						1,013
Total shareholders’ equity	1,218						1,013
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	11,849					$	11,692
Net interest margin, FTE					3.27	%					3.20	%



Supplementary data
Net Interest Income, non FTE	$	91.9					$	88.5
FTE income adjustment (6)	1.8						2.0
Net Interest Income, FTE	$	93.7					$	90.5

(1) The average balances of loans include nonaccrual loans and deferred fees and costs.

(2) The average balance for securities available for sale is based on amortized cost.

(3) Interest income on loans held for sale is included in loan interest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income statement.

(4) New York branch loans and deposits moved to held for sale on March 4, 2024. The New York branch sales were completed in 2024.

(5) The average balances of borrowings include the finance lease obligation presented under other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(6) Fully taxable equivalent considers the impact of tax advantaged investment securities and loans. The yield on tax-exempt loans and securities is computed on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 27%.

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025						2024
(Dollars in millions)	Average Balance		Interest (FTE basis)		Yield/Rate (FTE basis)		Average Balance		Interest (FTE basis)		Yield/Rate (FTE basis)
Assets
Loans:
Commercial real estate	$	4,884	$	151	6.19	%	$	4,601	$	152	6.52	%
Commercial and industrial loans	1,474		52		6.99		1,370		53		7.63
Residential mortgages	2,709		60		4.37		2,681		57		4.18
Consumer loans	369		10		6.57		447		16		7.36
Total loans (1)	9,436		273		5.81		9,099		278		6.05
Investment securities (2)	1,306		17		2.60		1,529		18		2.41
Short-term investments & loans held for sale (3)	537		10		4.25		543		14		5.07
New York branch loans held for sale (4)	—		—		—		37		1		5.79
Total interest-earning assets	11,279		300		5.36		11,208		311		5.50
Intangible assets	14				x		18				x
Other non-interest earning assets	509				x		497				x

Total assets	$	11,802					$	11,723
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits	$	2,271	$	—	—	%	$	2,296	$	—	—	%
NOW and other	779		5		1.40		781		6		1.40
Money market	3,171		46		2.89		2,996		49		3.28
Savings	1,060		6		1.19		1,021		5		1.02
Time	2,551		48		3.82		2,469		51		4.15
Total deposits	9,832		106		2.16		9,563		111		2.32
Borrowings and notes (5)	527		13		4.78		563		16		5.54
New York branch non-interest-bearing deposits (4)	—		—		—		64		—		—
New York branch interest-bearing deposits (4)	—		—		—		252		4		2.78
Total funding liabilities	10,359		119		2.30		10,442		131		2.49
Other non-interest earning liabilities	239						266

Total liabilities	10,598						10,708


Total common shareholders' equity	1,205						1,015
Total shareholders’ equity	1,205						1,015
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	11,803					$	11,723
Net interest margin, FTE					3.26	%					3.18	%



Supplementary data
Net Interest Income, non FTE	$	181.7					$	176.7
FTE income adjustment (6)	4.0						4.0
Net Interest Income, FTE	$	185.7					$	180.7

(1) The average balances of loans include nonaccrual loans and deferred fees and costs.

(2) The average balance for securities available for sale is based on amortized cost.

(3) Interest income on loans held for sale is included in loan interest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

(4) New York branch loans and deposits moved to held for sale on March 4, 2024.

(5) The average balances of borrowings include the finance lease obligation presented under other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

This document contains certain non-GAAP financial measures in addition to results presented in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). These non-GAAP measures are intended to provide the reader with additional supplemental perspectives on operating results, performance trends, and financial condition. Non-GAAP financial measures are not a substitute for GAAP measures; they should be read and used in conjunction with the Company’s GAAP financial information. A reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP measures is provided below. In all cases, it should be understood that non-GAAP measures do not depict amounts that accrue directly to the benefit of shareholders. An item which management excludes when computing non-GAAP operating earnings can be of substantial importance to the Company’s results for any particular quarter or year. The Company’s non-GAAP operating earnings information set forth is not necessarily comparable to non- GAAP information which may be presented by other companies. Each non-GAAP measure used by the Company in this report as supplemental financial data should be considered in conjunction with the Company’s GAAP financial information.

The Company utilizes the non-GAAP measure of operating earnings in evaluating operating trends, including components for operating revenue and expense. These measures exclude amounts which the Company views as unrelated to its normalized operations. These items primarily include restructuring costs. Restructuring costs generally consist of costs and losses associated with the disposition of assets and liabilities and lease terminations, including costs related to branch sales.

The Company also calculates operating earnings per share based on its measure of operating earnings and diluted common shares. The Company views these amounts as important to understanding its operating trends, particularly due to the impact of accounting standards related to merger and acquisition activity. Analysts also rely on these measures in estimating and evaluating the Company’s performance. Adjustments in 2025 were primarily related to the pending merger. Adjustments in 2024 were primarily related to branch sales and consolidations, and loss on sale of securities.

Management believes that the computation of non-GAAP operating earnings and operating earnings per share may facilitate the comparison of the Company to other companies in the financial services industry. The Company also adjusts certain equity related measures to exclude intangible assets due to the importance of these measures to the investment community.

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RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The following table summarizes the reconciliation of non-GAAP items recorded for the periods indicated:


		At or for the Three Months Ended June 30,						At or for the Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)		2025			2024			2025			2024
GAAP Net income		$	30,366		$	24,025		$	56,085		$	3,837

Adj: Loss on sale of AFS securities		—			—			—			49,909



Adj: Merger, restructuring, and other expense		1,491			(384)			3,945			3,233


Adj: Income taxes		(270)			(473)			(822)			(12,877)
Total operating income (non-GAAP) (1)	(A)	$	31,587		$	23,168		$	59,208		$	44,102

GAAP Total revenue		$	113,673		$	108,665		$	224,116		$	164,206
Adj: Loss on sale of AFS securities		—			—			—			49,909

Total operating revenue (non-GAAP) (1)	(B)	$	113,673		$	108,665		$	224,116		$	214,115

GAAP Total non-interest expense		$	68,144		$	70,931		$	138,510		$	146,951
Less: Total non-operating expense (see above)		(1,491)			384			(3,945)			(3,233)

Operating non-interest expense (non-GAAP) (1)	(C)	$	66,653		$	71,315		$	134,565		$	143,718

(In millions, except per share data)
Total average assets	(D)	$	11,849		$	11,692		$	11,802		$	11,723
Total average shareholders’ equity	(E)	1,218			1,013			1,205			1,015
Total average tangible shareholders’ equity (1)	(G)	1,205			995			1,191			997

Total tangible shareholders’ equity, period-end (2)(3)	(I)	1,210			996			1,210			996

Total tangible assets, period-end (1)	(J)	12,022			12,202			12,022			12,202
Total common shares outstanding, period-end (thousands)	(K)	46,303			42,959			46,303			42,959
Average diluted shares outstanding (thousands)	(L)	46,007			42,508			46,042			42,763

Earnings/(loss) per common share, diluted		$	0.66		$	0.57		$	1.22		$	0.09
Operating earnings per common share, diluted (1)	(A/L)	0.69			0.55			1.29			1.03
Book value per common share, period-end		26.40			23.58			26.40			23.58
Tangible book value per common share, period-end (1)	(I/K)	26.12			23.18			26.12			23.18
Total shareholders' equity/total assets		10.16			8.29			10.16			8.29
Total tangible shareholder's equity/total tangible assets (1)	(I/J)	10.06			8.16			10.06			8.16
		x			x
Performance ratios (3)		x			x
Return on equity		9.97		%	9.49		%	9.31		%	0.76		%
Operating return on equity (1)	(A/E)	10.37			9.15			9.83			8.69
Return on tangible common equity (1)(4)		10.35			9.99			9.69			1.11
Operating return on tangible common equity (1)(4)	(A+O)/(G)	10.76			9.65			10.22			9.19
Return on assets		1.03			0.82			0.95			0.07
Operating return on assets (1)	(A/D)	1.07			0.79			1.00			0.75
Efficiency ratio (1)(6)	(C-O)/(B+M+P)	56.73			63.40			58.07			64.81

Supplementary data (In thousands)



Intangible amortization	(O)	1,128			1,140			2,256			2,345
Fully taxable equivalent income adjustment	(P)	1,840			2,013			3,724			4,019

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Non-GAAP financial measure.

(2) Total tangible shareholders’ equity is computed by taking total shareholders’ equity less the intangible assets at period-end. Total tangible assets is computed by taking total assets less the intangible assets at period-end.

(3) Ratios are annualized and based on average balance sheet amounts, where applicable. Quarterly data may not sum to year-to-date data due to rounding.

(4) Operating return on tangible common equity is computed by dividing the total operating income adjusted for the tax-affected amortization of intangible assets, assuming a 27% marginal rate, by tangible equity.

(5) The non-interest income amortization is the reduction to the tax-advantaged investments and are incurred as the tax credits are generated.

(6) As of January 1, 2024, the Company elected the proportional amortization method for certain tax credits eliminating the need to adjust the efficiency ratio for tax credit impacts.

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GENERAL

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing in Part I, Item 1 of this document and with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the following discussion, income statement comparisons are against the same period of the previous year and balance sheet comparisons are against the previous fiscal year-end, unless otherwise noted. Financial results discussed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year 2025 or any future period. In management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, certain reclassifications have been made to make prior periods comparable. Tax-equivalent adjustments are the result of increasing income from tax-advantaged loans and securities by an amount equal to the taxes that would be paid if the income were fully taxable based on a 27% marginal rate (including state income taxes net of federal benefit). In the discussion, unless otherwise specified, references to earnings per share and "EPS" refer to diluted earnings per common share.

Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (“Berkshire” or “the Company”) is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Boston and the holding company for Berkshire Bank (“the Bank”) which operates as a commercial bank under a Massachusetts trust company charter. Established in 1846, the Bank provides business and consumer banking, mortgage, wealth management, and investment services. Berkshire's stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. It has $12.0 billion in assets and operates 83 branch offices in New England and New York.

Proposed Transaction with Brookline Bancorp, Inc . On December 16, 2024, Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc., Commerce Acquisition Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Berkshire formed solely to facilitate the merger (“Merger Sub”) and Brookline Bancorp, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Brookline”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”). The Merger Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub will merge with and into Brookline, with Brookline as the surviving entity, and immediately thereafter, Brookline will merge with and into Berkshire, with Berkshire as the surviving entity (collectively, the “Merger”). As a result of the Merger, the separate corporate existence of Brookline will cease, and Berkshire will continue as the surviving corporation. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, which was unanimously approved by the Boards of Directors of both companies, each outstanding share of Brookline common stock will be exchanged for the right to receive 0.42 shares of Berkshire common stock. Holders of Brookline common stock will receive cash in lieu of fractional shares of Berkshire common stock. As a result of the proposed transaction and a $100 million common stock offering completed by Berkshire to support the proposed transaction, Berkshire stockholders will own approximately 55% and Brookline stockholders will own approximately 45% of the outstanding shares of the combined company. The proposed transaction is targeted to close in the third quarter of 2025, subject to satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including receipt of required regulatory approvals. During the second quarter of 2025, stockholders of Berkshire and Brookline approved resolutions required as conditions for the closing of the merger.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. You can identify these statements from the use of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “plan,” “potential,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “remain,” “target” and similar expressions. There are many factors that could cause actual results to differ significantly from expectations described in the forward-looking statements. For a discussion of such factors, please see the sections titled “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in Berkshire’s most recent reports on Forms 10-K and 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors include, but are not limited to, the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the right of Berkshire or Brookline to terminate the merger agreement; the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against Berkshire or Brookline; delays in completing the proposed transaction with Brookline; the failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals (and the risk that such approvals may result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits of the proposed transaction) , or to satisfy any of the other conditions to the proposed transaction on a timely basis or at all, including the ability of Berkshire and Brookline to meet

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expectations regarding the timing, completion and accounting and tax treatments of the proposed transaction; the impact of certain restrictions during the pendency of the proposed transaction on the parties’ ability to pursue certain business opportunities and strategic transactions; diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business operations and opportunities; and potential adverse reactions or changes to business or employee relationships, including those resulting from the announcement or completion of the proposed transaction.

Because of these and other uncertainties, Berkshire’s actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, Berkshire’s past results of operations do not necessarily indicate Berkshire’s combined future results. You should not place undue reliance on any of the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the dates on which they were made. Berkshire is not undertaking an obligation to update forward-looking statements, even though its situation may change in the future, except as required under federal securities law. Berkshire qualifies all of its forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements

OVERVIEW

Second quarter earnings per share were $0.66 in 2025 compared to $0.57 in 2024. The non-GAAP measure of operating earnings per share increased year-over-year by 25% to $0.69 from $0.55. This reflected positive operating leverage from revenue growth and expense reduction. Second quarter 2025 operating earnings and earnings per share were the highest quarterly level since 2019.

First half earnings per share increased year-over-year to $1.22 from $0.09. Earnings in the first quarter of 2024 were impacted by a non-operating loss on the sale of investment securities. First half operating earnings per share increased by 25% to $1.29 from $1.03.

Return on assets improved to 1.03% on a GAAP basis and 1.07% on an operating basis in the second quarter of 2025. Return on tangible common equity improved to 10.35% and 10.76% on an operating basis for this period. Measures of asset performance have remained strong and the 10.1% ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets included the benefit of the stock offering in December 2024. At period-end, book value per share was $26.40 and tangible book per share was $26.12.

COMPARISON OF OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE THREE MONTHS AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2025 AND JUNE 30, 2024

Summary. Second quarter 2025 net income increased year-over-year by $6 million, or 26%, to $30 million. For the first half of the year, net income increased to $56 million from $4 million due to the impact in 2024 of a $50 million non-operating loss on the sale of investment securities in the first quarter.

Second quarter operating income increased year-over-year by $8 million, or 36%, to $32 million. For the first half of the year, operating income increased $15 million, or 34%, to $59 million.

First half growth in operating income reflected a $10 million increase in operating revenue, a $9 million decrease in operating expense, and a $3 million decrease in credit loss provision expense, partially offset by higher income tax expense. These results were due primarily to growth in loans and deposits, and reductions in operating expenses due to restructuring programs. Improvements in 2025 operations reflected these broadly diversified programs and resulted in the best quarterly operating metrics since 2019.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased year-over-year by $3 million, or 4%, for the second quarter and by $5 million, or 3%, for the first half of the year. This increase included the reinvestment of the $0.4 billion in proceeds from sales of lower yielding securities in the first quarter of 2024 into higher yielding loans in subsequent periods. Additionally net interest income benefited from the investment of proceeds from the $100 million stock offering in December 2024. The second quarter net interest margin improved year-over-year to 3.27% from 3.20%, and from 3.24% in the linked quarter. Both loan yields and deposit costs decreased year-over-year following a 100 basis reduction in the federal funds rate in the second half of 2024. The second quarter 2025 loan yield measured 5.82% and the cost of deposits measured 2.15%.

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Non-Interest Income. Second quarter non-interest income increased year-over-year by $2 million in the second quarter and by $55 million for the first half of the year due to the $50 million non-operating loss on the sale of investment securities in the first quarter of 2024. Excluding this loss, operating non-interest income increased $5 million, or 13%, for the first half of the current year. This was primarily due to higher loan related fees which increased $3 million and $4 million for the above respective periods. The primary components of this growth were improved mortgage servicing rights values and higher volumes of commercial loan interest rate swaps.

Provision Expense for Credit Losses. Provision expense decreased $3 million year-over-year primarily in the second quarter. The Company recorded higher provisioning expense in the first half of 2024 as credit loss expectations were increasing, resulting in increased reserve coverage of total loans in that period..

Non-Interest Expense. Total non-interest expense decreased year-over-year by $3 million in the second quarter and $8 million for the first half of the year. Operating non-interest expense excludes amounts related to restructurings, the sale of ten branches, and the pending merger. Operating non-interest expense decreased year-over-year by $5 million, or 7%, in the second quarter and by $9 million, or 6%, in the first half of the year. This included the impact of lower operating expenses following the consolidation of three branches and sale of ten branches in 2024. Including the benefit of revenue growth, the efficiency ratio improved to 56.7% in the most recent quarter, which was the most favorable quarterly result since 2019.

For the first six months of the year, compensation expense decreased $1 million, or 1%, and occupancy expense decreased $2 million, or 11%. Full-time equivalent staff decreased to 1,158 positions at period-end, compared to 1,283 positions at midyear 2024 and 1,216 positions at year-end 2024. This includes the impact of 40 positions transferred as part of the branch sale. First half professional services expense decreased $3 million and the category of other expenses decreased $4 million primarily due to cost initiatives and as development initiatives were slowed ahead of the merger.

Income Tax Expense. The effective income tax rate was 27% in the second quarter of 2025, and 26% in the first half of the year. The full year 2024 effective tax rate was 23%. The higher rate in 2025 is primarily related to higher levels of taxable income.

COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AT JUNE 30, 2025 COMPARED TO DECEMBER 31, 2024

General. Total assets decreased 2% to $12.0 billion at period-end from $12.3 billion at year-end 2024, primarily reflecting the impact on cash and equivalents from seasonal run-off of higher year-end overnight deposits. Total loans increased by 1% in the first half of the year. Measures of asset performance remained favorable; delinquent and non-performing loans were 0.48% of total period-end loans. Loans/deposits measured 95% at period-end and tangible common equity/tangible assets measured 10.1%.

Loans. Total loans increased $114 million to $9.5 billion due primarily to a $91 million, or 1%, increase in commercial loans. A $129 million increase in commercial multifamily loans included construction loans which were completed and converted to term; construction loans decreased by $105 million. Commercial and industrial loans increased $55 million. During the first half of the year, the Bank sold the remaining portfolio of Upstart-related consumer loans, which totaled $7 million at year-end 2024. Consumer loan net charge-offs in 2025 included the net loss on this sale. The yield on average loans decreased by 6 basis points to 5.82% for the second quarter of 2025, compared to the fourth quarter of 2024.

Based on the supervisory definition of commercial real estate loans which excludes owner-occupied properties, the supervisory measure of commercial real estate loans to total bank risk-based regulatory capital measured 283% at period-end, compared to 292% at year-end 2024. The supervisory measure of construction loans to bank regulatory capital measured 45% and 54% at these respective dates.

Asset Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans. Loan performance indicators remained favorable in 2025. Period-end non-performing loans measured 0.27% of total loans and accruing delinquent loans were 0.21% of total loans. The comparable measures at year-end 2024 were 0.26% for both of these measures. Net charge-offs for the first half of the year were 0.15% annualized compared to average loans, and measured 0.11% of average loans

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excluding consumer loans. The ratio of the allowance to total loans increased to 1.24% at period-end from 1.22% at year-end 2024. At period-end, the allowance measured 462% of non-performing loans. The allowance includes higher qualitative reserves related to macroeconomic uncertainties. The largest increase was a $5.1 million increase in the reserve for residential mortgages due to qualitative factors. The largest decrease was a $4.5 million reduction in the consumer loan reserve due to the sale of the Upstart loan portfolio.

Criticized loans increased $98 million to 3.62% of total loans at period-end from 2.62% at year-end 2024 including classified loans which increased $49 million to 1.70% of total loans from 1.20% for these respective dates. Potential problems loans, which are defined as accruing classified loans, increased by $48 million to $136 million at period-end from $88 million at year-end 202, which was primarily in construction loans and in commercial and industrial loans.

Deposits and Borrowings. Total end of period deposits decreased $396 million to $10.0 billion primarily due to runoff of seasonally high year-end payroll related balances. Total end of period deposits excluding payroll and brokered deposits increased $77 million, or 1%, during the first half of the year. The average cost of deposits decreased 15 basis points to 2.15% in the first quarter of 2025 compared to the fourth quarter of 2024. Total period-end borrowings increased $148 million to $586 million during the first half of the year due primarily to the seasonal decline in deposits.

Derivative Financial Instruments. The notional amount of derivative financial instruments increased $173 million to $5.1 billion at period end, compared to $4.9 billion at year-end 2024. Cash flow hedges decreased by $125 million and interest rate swaps related to commercial loans increased $248 million, or 7%. The net fair value of these instruments at period-end was a liability of $17 million compared to a liability of $31 million at year-end 2024. Included in derivative financial instruments are $675 million in cash flow hedges on commercial loans, of which $150 million mature in 2025, $425 million mature in 2026, and $100 million mature in 2027. The Company recorded a $321 thousand six month charge to interest expense for the realized loss on cash flow hedging instruments, compared to a charge of $314 thousand in the first half of 2024.

Shareholders’ Equity. Total shareholders’ equity increased $55 million, or 5%, to $1.2 billion during the first half of the year, including $39 million in retained first half earnings and $15 million in other comprehensive income reflecting the benefit of improved securities prices due to lower medium term interest rates. The common equity Tier 1 ratio increased to 13.4% at period-end from 13.0% at year-end 2024.Book value per share increased 5% on both a GAAP and a tangible basis to $26.40 and $26.12 respectively. The $0.18 quarterly dividend yielded 2.7% annualized compared to the period-end book value per share.

Liquidity and Cash Flows

Liquidity is defined as the ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet all present and future funding requirements at reasonable costs for the Company, including the Bank. Liquidity management addresses both the Company’s ability to fund new loans and investments pursuant to commitments and as opportunities arise, to meet customer deposit withdrawals and to repay borrowings and subordinated notes as they mature. The Company views its liquidity as satisfactory for current conditions as well as for stressed scenarios in its liquidity testing models.

At June 30, 2025, liquid assets totaling $1.5 billion included $0.8 billion in cash and equivalents and $0.7 billion in securities available for sale. Liquid assets declined from $1.8 billion at year-end 2024 due to the runoff of seasonally high overnight deposits at year-end. Wholesale funds increased to $1.0 billion from $0.9 billion, and consisted of $0.6 billion in borrowings and $0.4 billion in brokered deposits at period-end. The ratio of loans to deposits increased to 95% at period end from 90% at year-end 2024.

Unused borrowing availability at period-end from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston and the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston totaled $3.9 billion, compared to $4.1 billion at year-end 2024. Borrowings from these sources are supported by collateral, to the extent utilized. Cash balances at the holding company totaled $157 million at period-end, including the net proceeds from the $100 million common stock placement in December 2024.

During the first half of 2025, seasonal deposit outflows were the primary use of funds which was funded from cash and equivalents and increased borrowings.

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Capital Resources

Please see the “Shareholders’ Equity” section of the Comparison of Financial Condition for a discussion of shareholders’ equity together with the note on Shareholders' Equity in the consolidated financial statements. Additional information about capital resources and regulatory capital is contained in the notes to the consolidated financial statements and in the Company's most recent Form 10-K.

The Company’s goal is to maintain sound capitalization and use capital generation to support organic growth and shareholder distributions in the form of dividends and stock repurchases. The Company’s goal is to maintain a “well-capitalized” regulatory designation under projected and stressed financial projections. The Company issued $100 million in common stock in December 2024 related to the agreement for a merger of equals with Brookline Bancorp. In May 2025, shareholders of both companies approved resolutions related to the merger. Proposals approved by Berkshire shareholders included the issuance of common shares as merger consideration and an increase in authorized common shares from 100 million shares to 200 million shares at the effective time of the merger.

While the Company monitors the book value of equity and related metrics, it primarily manages capital based on regulatory capital measures, with a focus on the common equity Tier 1 capital ratio. This ratio measured 13.4% at period end, compared to 13.0% at year-end 2024.

In acting as a source of strength for the Bank, the Company relies in the long term on capital distributions from the Bank in order to provide operating and capital service for the Company, which in turn can access national financial markets to provide financial support to the Bank. Capital distributions from the Bank to the parent company presently require approval by the FDIC. Under the terms of the merger agreement, the bank subsidiaries of the two companies will be consolidated into Brookline Bank, which will be renamed. This bank will operate under a different regulatory structure compared to Berkshire Bank.

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements

included in its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Modifications to significant accounting policies made during the year are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this report. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP and practices generally applicable to the financial services industry requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Management has identified the Company's most critical accounting policies as related to:

• Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

• Fair Value Measurements

These policies are considered most critical in that they are important to the Company’s financial condition and results, and they require management’s subjective and complex judgment as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Both of these policies were significant in determining income and financial condition in the financial statements. There is further discussion of the application of these policies in the Company's most recent Form 10-K.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

For additional discussion about the Company’s Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of Market Risk, please review Item 7A of the most recent report on Form 10-K which sets forth the methodologies employed by the Company and the various aspects of its analysis of its interest rate sensitivity.

Market risk represents the risk of loss to earnings, capital and the economic values of certain assets and liabilities resulting from changes in interest rates and equity prices. The only significant market risk exposure for the Company is Interest Rate Risk (“IRR”). This is a result of the Company’s core business activities of making loans and accepting deposits, as well as investments and funding activities.

The effective management of IRR is essential to achieving the Company’s financial objectives. This responsibility resides with the Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”). The ALCO’s role is to establish an effective asset/liability decision-making process to aid in managing risk exposures and achieving strategic objectives and corporate financial goals. The Company manages IRR by using two primary risk measurement techniques: simulation of net interest income and simulation of economic value of equity. These two measurements are complementary and provide both short-term and long-term risk profiles of the Company.

Net Interest Income (“NII”) at Risk Simulation is used to measure the sensitivity of net interest income to changes in market rates over a 12 month period assuming a static balance sheet. This simulation captures underlying product behaviors, such as asset and liability repricing dates, amortization and balloon dates, interest rate indices and spreads, rate caps and floors, as well as other behavioral attributes. The simulation of net interest income also requires a number of key assumptions such as (i) prepayment projections for loans and securities; (ii) new business loan spreads; and (iii) deposit pricing assumptions. Combined, these assumptions can be inherently uncertain, and as a result, actual results may differ from simulation forecasts due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, future business conditions, as well as unanticipated changes in management strategies.

The Company uses two sets of standard scenarios to measure NII Sensitivity. Parallel shock scenarios assume instantaneous parallel movements in the yield curve compared to a flat yield curve scenario, while twist scenarios assume the shape of the curve flattens or steepens instantaneously.

The following tables set forth the estimated percent change in the Company’s NII Sensitivity compared to the flat rate scenario over one-year simulation periods beginning June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


	Estimated Percent Change in Net Interest Income
Parallel Interest Rate Shock (basis points)	June 30, 2025	December 31, 2024
+200	6.2%	2.2%
+100	3.2	1.2
-100	(3.5)	(1.4)
-200	(7.1)	(2.9)
	Estimated Percent Change in Net Interest Income
Yield Curve Twist Interest Rate Shock (basis points)	June 30, 2025	December 31, 2024
Short End +100	1.7%	(0.4)%
Short End -100	(1.8)	0.3
Long End +100	1.6	1.6
Long End -100	(1.7)	(1.7)

The Company’s NII sensitivity results at period-end demonstrate increased asset sensitivity to a one year parallel shock over the last six months. This includes the diminishing impact of balance sheet hedges as they approach maturity. Short-end sensitivities to yield curve twists also reflected increased asset sensitivity.

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Economic Value of Equity (EVE) Sensitivity analysis is conducted to ascertain a longer-term view of the Company’s exposure to changes in interest rates. As with NII modeling, EVE Sensitivity captures product characteristics such as loan resets, repricing terms, maturity dates, rate caps and floors. Key assumptions include loan prepayment speeds, deposit pricing elasticity and non-maturity deposit attrition rates, and discount rate spreads. These assumptions can have significant impacts on valuation results as the assumptions remain in effect for the entire life of each asset and liability. All key assumptions are subject to periodic review.

Base case EVE Sensitivity analysis is calculated by estimating the net present value of all future cash flows from existing assets and liabilities using current interest rates. The current spot interest rate curve is shocked up and down to generate new interest rate curves for parallel rate shock scenarios. These new curves are then used to recalculate EVE Sensitivity for rate shock scenarios.

The following table sets forth the estimated percent change in the Company’s EVE Sensitivity from the base case scenario, assuming various instantaneous parallel shocks in interest rates.


	Estimated Percent Change in Economic Value of Equity
Parallel Shock Rate Change (basis points)	June 30, 2025	December 31, 2024
+200	(2.8)%	(1.4)%
+100	(1.4)	(0.6)
-100	0.7	0.2
-200	1.4	(0.1)

Modeled EVE sensitivity became more liability sensitive in the first half of 2025 primarily due to an update to the weighted average life of non-maturity deposits assumption, partially offset by slower decay of non-maturity deposits due to lower longer-term interest rates in the most recent quarter, as well as the diminishing hedge impact.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

a) Disclosure controls and procedures.

The principal executive officers, including the principal financial officer, based on their evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

As of June 30, 2025, neither the Company nor the Bank was involved in any pending legal proceedings believed by management to be material to the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Periodically, there have been various claims and lawsuits involving the Bank, such as claims to enforce liens, condemnation proceedings on properties in which the Bank holds security interests, claims involving the making and servicing of real property loans, and other issues incident to the Bank’s business. A summary of certain legal matters involving unsettled litigation or pertaining to pending transactions are as follows:

On February 4, 2020, the Bank filed a complaint in the New York State Supreme Court for the County of Albany against Pioneer Bank (“Pioneer”) seeking damages of approximately $16.0 million. The complaint alleges that Pioneer is liable to the Bank for a credit loss of approximately $16.0 million suffered by the Bank in the third quarter of 2019 as a result of Pioneer’s breaches of a series of loan participation agreements executed in 2017, 2018 and 2019 in which it served as the lead bank, as well as constructive fraud, fraudulent concealment and/or negligent misrepresentation. Pioneer filed a motion to dismiss aspects of the Bank’s complaint, which motion was allowed in part by the court to dismiss the Bank’s negligent misrepresentation claim, and denied in part by the court to allow all other claims by the Bank to proceed. The Company wrote down the underlying credit loss in its entirety in the third quarter of 2019, but recognized a partial recovery of $1.7 million early in the second quarter of 2020. The Company has not accrued for any additional anticipated recovery at this time. Extensive discovery has taken place in this action. On November 30, 2022, the Bank filed an amended complaint in its action against Pioneer setting forth more detailed allegations of Pioneer’s breaches of the loan participation agreements and stating additional claims for fraudulent inducement to cause Berkshire to join the loan participation agreements, constructive fraud and fraudulent concealment. On January 30, 2023, as part of its response to the Bank’s amended complaint, Pioneer filed a counterclaim against the Bank alleging (i) certain breaches by the Bank of the 2019 loan participation agreement stemming from actions that the Bank took to protect its interests after it learned of the facts and circumstances that caused the underlying credit loss, and (ii) that as a result of accepting the partial recovery of approximately $1.7 million in the second quarter of 2020 the Bank should be deemed to have ratified the 2019 loan participation agreement and mooted its claims against Pioneer. Further discovery is continuing between the parties, and the Bank continues to actively build its case in this matter

On or about August 10, 2020, a former employee of the Bank’s subsidiary First Choice Loan Services Inc. (“FCLS”) filed a complaint in the Court of Common Pleas, Bucks County Pennsylvania against FCLS and two of its former senior corporate officers generally alleging wrongful termination as a result of purported whistleblower retaliation and other violations of New Jersey state employment law. The complaint also purports to name the Bank and the Company as additional defendants, even though neither entity ever employed, paid wages to or contracted with the plaintiff. On November 16, 2020, the plaintiff filed a First Amended Complaint reiterating the same claims against the same defendants. The Company's liability insurer has provided outside litigation counsel to defend the Company and the Bank in this matter, as well as FCLS and its former senior corporate officers. On December 7, 2020, defense counsel filed Preliminary Objections on behalf of the Company, the Bank, FCLS and FCLS’s former senior corporate officers denying the plaintiff’s claims and seeking dismissal of the case and an order that the plaintiff’s claims must proceed through arbitration in accordance with contractual obligations set forth in plaintiff’s previous employment agreement with FCLS. On June 30, 2021, the court dismissed the plaintiff’s complaint without prejudice in support of FCLS’s petition to compel arbitration. The parties are preparing for arbitration proceedings that are expected to occur no earlier than the first quarter of 2026. Discovery is continuing between the parties in preparation for final arbitration.

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On or about May 13, 2024, a complaint was filed against the Bank in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York, Syracuse Division by an individual who claims to have filed the complaint on behalf of a purported class of victims of an alleged Ponzi scheme perpetrated by a former Berkshire Bank customer. On October 31, 2024, the court dismissed the plaintiff’s complaint with prejudice for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) and 9(b). In connection with bankruptcy proceedings involving the former customer and his operating entities, the Bank has received a Rule 2004 subpeona from the Plan Administator in his capacity as Assignee of potential claims against Berkshire ("Plan Adminostror") and Berkshire has produced responsive information. At this time, although a formal lawsuit has not been filed the Bank has received a draft complaint alleging claims against the Bank similiar to claims previously dismissed. The draft complaint is being promulgated by the Plan Administro and certain victims of the Ponzi scheme who are purporting to servce as class representatives in a putative class action

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed herein and in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect the Company's business, financial condition, or future operating results. These risks include merger-related risks regarding the pending merger with Brookline Bancorp. The risks described in this report and in the Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks presently facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company, or currently deemed to be immaterial, also may materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, and/or operating results. There have been no material changes in risk factors from those identified in the Form 10-K.

The merger agreement was conditioned on the approval by stockholders of the two companies of proposals required by the terms of the agreement. The companies convened stockholder meetings in May 2025 and all of the necessary proposals were approved by stockholders, thereby satisfying this condition of the merger agreement. There have been no other material changes in risk factors from those identified in the Form 10-K.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

(a) Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

The Company occasionally engages in the practice of transferring unregistered securities for the purpose of completing business transactions. These shares are issued to vendors or other organizations as consideration for services performed in accordance with each contract. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 there were no shares transferred.

(b) Not applicable.

(c) The following table provides certain information with regard to shares repurchased by the Company in the second quarter of 2025:

Total number of

Average price

Total number of shares
purchased as part of
publicly announced

Maximum number of
shares that may yet
be purchased under

Period

shares purchased

paid per share

plans or programs

the plans or programs

April 1-30, 2025

—

May 1-31, 2025

—

June 1-30, 2025

—

Total

—

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as that term is used in SEC regulations.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


3.1						Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.(1)
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (2)
4.1						Form of Common Stock Certificate of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (3)
4.2						Certificate of Designations of Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (4)
31.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101						The following financial statements from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
104						The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL.

_______________________________________

(1) Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 10-Q as filed on August 9, 2018.

(2) Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 8-K as filed on June 26, 2017.

(3) Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form S-1, Registration Statement and amendments thereto, initially filed on March 10, 2000, Registration No. 333-32146.

(4) Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 8-K as filed on October 16, 2017.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.


Dated: August 11, 2025	By:	/s/ Nitin J. Mhatre
	Nitin J. Mhatre
	President and Chief Executive Officer


Dated: August 11, 2025	By:	/s/ Brett Brbovic
	Brett Brbovic
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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Part I Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)Note 1. Basis Of Presentation Note 2. Trading Securities Note 3. Securities Available For Sale, Held To Maturity, and Note 4. Loans and Allowance For Credit Losses Note 5. Deposits Note 6. Borrowed Funds Note 7. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities Note 8. Leases Note 9. Capital Ratios and Shareholders Equity Note 10. Earnings Per Share Note 11. Stock-based Compensation Plans Note 12. Fair Value Measurements Note 13. Net Interest Income After Provision For Credit Losses Note 14. Tax Equity Investments Note 15. Pending Merger Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities, Use Of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases Of Equity Securities Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Berkshire Hills Bancorp,Inc.(1) 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Berkshire Hills Bancorp,Inc. (2) 4.2 Certificate of Designations of Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (4) 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

BBT 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2025

Exhibits