CATY 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2018

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(In thousands, except share and per share data)		June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
Assets
Cash and due from banks		$	195,392			$	247,056
Short-term investments and interest bearing deposits			208,749				292,745
Cash and cash equivalents			404,141				539,801
Securities available-for-sale (amortized cost of $1,510,142 at June 30, 2018 and $1,336,345 at December 31, 2017)			1,475,949				1,333,626
Loans held for sale			-				8,000
Loans			13,348,737				12,870,290
Less: Allowance for loan losses			(121,899	)			(123,279	)
Unamortized deferred loan fees, net			(3,248	)			(3,245	)
Loans, net			13,223,590				12,743,766
Equity securities			23,131				-
Federal Home Loan Bank stock			17,250				23,085
Other real estate owned, net			8,220				9,442
Affordable housing investments and alternative energy partnerships, net			308,464				272,871
Premises and equipment, net			102,415				103,064
Customers’ liability on acceptances			22,366				13,482
Accrued interest receivable			48,178				45,307
Goodwill			372,189				372,189
Other intangible assets, net			7,462				8,062
Other assets			184,391				167,491
Total assets		$	16,197,746			$	15,640,186
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Deposits
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits		$	2,835,314			$	2,783,127
Interest-bearing deposits:
Demand deposits			1,381,617				1,410,519
Money market deposits			2,263,991				2,248,271
Savings deposits			790,125				857,199
Time deposits			5,833,499				5,390,777
Total deposits			13,104,546				12,689,893
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase			50,000				100,000
Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank			480,000				430,000
Other borrowings of affordable housing investments			17,382				17,481
Long-term debt			194,136				194,136
Deferred payments from acquisition			36,015				35,404
Acceptances outstanding			22,366				13,482
Other liabilities			228,468				186,486
Total liabilities			14,132,913				13,666,882
Commitments and contingencies			-				-
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 89,466,326 issued and 81,255,683 outstanding at June 30, 2018, and 89,104,022 issued and 80,893,379 outstanding at December 31, 2017			895				891
Additional paid-in-capital			937,224				932,874
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net			(22,921	)			(2,511	)
Retained earnings			1,389,224				1,281,639
Treasury stock, at cost (8,210,643 shares at June 30, 2018, and at December 31, 2017)			(239,589	)			(239,589	)
Total equity			2,064,833				1,973,304
Total liabilities and equity		$	16,197,746			$	15,640,186

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		Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,
		2018				2017				2018				2017
		(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Interest and Dividend Income
Loans receivable, including loan fees		$	158,659			$	129,836			$	309,949			$	254,746
Investment securities			7,208				4,719				13,666				9,125
Federal Home Loan Bank stock			380				298				776				710
Deposits with banks			1,273				776				2,829				1,852
Total interest and dividend income			167,520				135,629				327,220				266,433
Interest Expense
Time deposits			18,730				10,769				34,458				21,751
Other deposits			4,832				4,698				9,418				9,144
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase			608				1,065				1,322				2,615
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank			885				305				1,856				593
Long-term debt			2,163				1,440				4,245				2,864
Deferred payments from acquisition			271				-				547				-
Total interest expense			27,489				18,277				51,846				36,967
Net interest income before reversal for credit losses			140,031				117,352				275,374				229,466
Reversal for credit losses			-				-				(3,000	)			(2,500	)
Net interest income after reversal for credit losses			140,031				117,352				278,374				231,966
Non-Interest Income
Net losses from equity securities			(1,124	)			-				(4,971	)			-
Securities gains/(losses), net			-				3				-				(463	)
Letters of credit commissions			1,376				1,193				2,651				2,316
Depository service fees			1,241				1,344				2,686				2,852
Gain from acquisition			-				-				340				-
Other operating income			6,274				3,612				12,371				8,165
Total non-interest income			7,767				6,152				13,077				12,870
Non-Interest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits			30,600				26,145				60,977				52,016
Occupancy expense			5,170				4,722				10,622				9,421
Computer and equipment expense			2,611				2,528				5,705				5,252
Professional services expense			5,730				5,343				11,769				9,599
Data processing service expense			3,151				2,396				6,370				4,928
FDIC and regulatory assessments			2,142				2,189				4,177				4,709
Marketing expense			3,400				1,859				4,258				2,730
Other real estate owned (income)/expense			(3	)			317				(215	)			378
Amortization of investments in low income housing and alternative energy partnerships			5,113				6,224				10,874				11,074
Amortization of core deposit intangibles			280				173				514				345
Acquisition and integration costs			1,735				-				1,904				-
Other operating expense			3,159				4,762				7,104				8,092
Total non-interest expense			63,088				56,658				124,059				108,544
Income before income tax expense			84,710				66,846				167,392				136,292
Income tax expense			11,046				15,431				29,912				35,936
Net income		$	73,664			$	51,415			$	137,480			$	100,356
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Unrealized holding (losses)/gains on securities available-for-sale			(2,751	)			2,774				(14,265	)			2,278
Unrealized holding gain/(loss) on cash flow hedge derivatives			736				(550	)			2,929				(251	)
Less: reclassification adjustments for gains/(losses) included in net income			-				2				-				(268	)
Total other comprehensive (loss)/gain, net of tax			(2,015	)			2,222				(11,336	)			2,295
Total other comprehensive income		$	71,649			$	53,637			$	126,144			$	102,651
Net income per common share:
Basic		$	0.91			$	0.64			$	1.69			$	1.26
Diluted		$	0.90			$	0.64			$	1.68			$	1.25
Cash dividends paid per common share		$	0.24			$	0.21			$	0.48			$	0.42
Average common shares outstanding
Basic			81,236,315				79,840,188				81,180,160				79,772,268
Diluted			81,774,986				80,562,607				81,727,977				80,488,305

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		Six months ended June 30
		2018				2017
		(In thousands)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income		$	137,480			$	100,356
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Reversal for credit losses			(3,000	)			(2,500	)
Provision for losses on other real estate owned			-				483
Deferred tax liability			2,432				12,227
Depreciation and amortization			3,868				3,504
Net gains on sale and transfer of other real estate owned			(459	)			(317	)
Proceeds from sales of loans			8,000				7,500
Amortization on alternative energy partnerships, venture capital and other investments			(405	)			1,682
Net loss on sales and calls of securities			-				438
Amortization/accretion of security premiums/discounts, net			1,719				1,293
Unrealized loss on equity securities			4,971				-
Stock based compensation and stock issued to officers as compensation			4,054				3,107
Net change in accrued interest receivable and other assets			(8,043	)			603
Gain on acquisition			(340	)			-
Net change in other liabilities			(129)				1,857
Net cash provided by operating activities			150,148				130,233
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of investment securities available-for-sale			(448,805	)			(349,550	)
Proceeds from sale of investment securities available-for-sale			-				99,541
Proceeds from repayments, maturities and calls of investment securities available-for-sale			257,339				198,619
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock			(5,430	)			-
Redemptions of Federal Home Loan Bank stock			11,265				-
Net increase in loans			(474,900	)			(369,751	)
Purchase of premises and equipment			(2,706	)			(1,718	)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned			2,785				1,399
Net (increase)/decrease in investment in affordable housing and alternative energy partnerships			(19,201	)			(16,685	)
Net cash used for investing activities			(679,653	)			(438,145	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase/(decrease) in deposits			414,198				(211,228	)
Net decrease in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase			(50,000	)			(200,000	)
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank			2,450,000				795,000
Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings			(2,400,000	)			(670,000	)
Cash dividends paid			(38,966	)			(33,524	)
Proceeds from issuance of other borrowings			20,000				-
Proceeds from shares issued under Dividend Reinvestment Plan			1,325				1,233
Proceeds from exercise of stock options			838				877
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of RSUs			(3,550	)			(5,118	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities			393,845				(322,760	)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents			(135,660	)			(630,672	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period			539,801				1,185,084
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period		$	404,141			$	554,412
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period:
Interest		$	49,606			$	39,259
Income taxes paid		$	31,589			$	30,096
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Net change in unrealized holding loss on securities available-for-sale, net of tax		$	(14,265	)		$	2,546
Net change in unrealized holding loss on cash flow hedge derivatives		$	2,929			$	(251	)
Transfers to other real estate owned from loans held for investment		$	715			$	726

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1. Business

Cathay General Bancorp (“Bancorp”) is the holding company for Cathay Bank (the “Bank” and, together, with Bancorp, the “Company”), eight limited partnerships investing in affordable housing investments in which the Bank is the sole limited partner, Asia Realty Corp. and GBC Venture Capital, Inc. Bancorp also owns 100% of the common stock of five statutory business trusts created for the purpose of issuing capital securities. The Bank was founded in 1962 and offers a wide range of financial services. As of June 30, 2018, the Bank operates 26 branches in Southern California, 14 branches in Northern California, 12 branches in New York State, three branches in Illinois, three branches in Washington State, two branches in Texas, one branch in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Maryland and Nevada, one branch in Hong Kong, and a representative office in Beijing, Shanghai and Taipei. Deposit accounts at the Hong Kong branch are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”).

2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company expects that the most significant estimates subject to change are the allowance for loan losses.

In the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, the amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2017 have been corrected in the current year and differ from the previously reported amounts of $135.0 million for net cash provided by investing activities, $57.5 million for decrease in cash and cash equivalents, $218.0 million for cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period and $160.5 million for cash and cash equivalents, end of period.

3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards adopted in 201 8

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The new guidance replaces existing revenue recognition guidance for contracts to provide goods or services to customers and amends existing guidance related to recognition of gains and losses on the sale of certain nonfinancial assets such as real estate. ASU 2014-09 clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and replaces nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers are also required. ASU 2014-09 as amended by ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10 and ASU 2016-12, is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and is applied on either a modified retrospective or full retrospective basis. Our revenue is primarily comprised of net interest income on financial assets and financial liabilities, which is explicitly excluded from the scope of ASU 2014-09, and non-interest income. Accordingly, the majority of the Company’s revenues will not be affected. In addition, the new standard does not materially impact the timing or measurement of the Company’s revenue recognition as it is consistent with the Company’s existing accounting for contracts within the scope of the new standard. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method where there was no cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as a result of adopting this new standard. In addition, the standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The Company has provided a disaggregation of the significant categories of revenues within the scope of this guidance and expanded the qualitative disclosures of the Company’s noninterest income. See footnote 17 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers for additional information.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This update requires an entity to measure equity investments with readily determinable fair values at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Equity investment without readily determinable fair values will be measured at fair value either upon the occurrence of an observable price change or upon identification of an impairment and any amount by which the carrying value exceeding the fair value will be recognized as an impairment in net income. This update also requires an entity to disclose fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet to measure that fair value using the exit price option. In addition, this update requires separate presentation in comprehensive income for changes in the fair value of a liability and in the balance sheet by measurement category and form of financial asset. ASU 2016-01 becomes effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  The adoption of the amendment resulted in approximately $8.6 million being reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings, representing an increase to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018, and reduced pre-tax income by $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and $5.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. See footnote 7 – Investment Securities. Also, beginning in the first quarter of 2018, the Company is adopting the exit price notion on fair value measurement of its loan portfolio. As a result of this fair value change, the prior-year figures shown for loans on footnote - 13 for comparative purposes will no longer be comparable.

In February 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-02 to help organizations address certain stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Legislation”). The amendment provides financial statement preparers with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within AOCI to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the changes in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Legislation (or portion thereof) is recorded. The amendment also includes disclosure requirements regarding the issuer’s accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from AOCI. The amendment is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, and organizations should apply the provisions of the amendment either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Legislation is recognized. The Company has elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Legislation from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings effective January 1, 2018. This resulted in the reclassification of $515,000 from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings, representing an increase to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018.    See footnote 18 – Stockholders Equity.

Other Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which is intended to increase transparency and comparability in the accounting for lease transactions. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize all leases longer than twelve months on the consolidated balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities and quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding key information about leasing arrangements. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years with an option to early adopt. ASU 2016-02 mandates a modified retrospective transition method for all entities. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 and has determined that the majority of our leases are operating leases. We expect, upon adoption, that the Company will record a liability for the remaining obligation under the lease agreements and a corresponding right-of-use asset in its consolidated financial statements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for us on January 1, 2019 and will require transition using a modified retrospective approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This update requires an entity to use a broader range of reasonable and supportable forecasts, in addition to historical experience and current conditions, to develop an expected credit loss estimate for financial assets and net investments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 becomes effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019.  The Company has designated a management team and begun its implementation efforts by identifying key interpretive issues, assessing its processes and identifying the system requirements against the new guidance to determine what modifications may be required. The implementation efforts also involve, but are not limited to, assessing potential macroeconomic factors that will be used to determine the reasonable and supportable forecast period. The Company has not yet determined the effect of ASU 2016-13 on its accounting policies or the impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350)”: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” This update simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Adoption of this update is on a prospective basis and the amendments in this update are to be applied to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Adoption of ASU 2017-04 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, “Receivables- Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” This update amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. The amendments require the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. This update affects all entities that hold investments in callable debt securities that have an amortized cost basis in excess of the amount that is repayable by the issuer at the earliest call date. This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Adoption of ASU 2017-08 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, “Earnings per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” There are two parts to this update. Part I of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Part II of this update addresses the difficulty in navigating topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The amendments in part I of this update should be applied in either of the following ways: (i) Retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a down round feature by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first fiscal year and interim periods in which the pending content that links to this paragraph is effective; or (ii) Retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a down round feature for each prior reporting period presented in accordance with the guidance on accounting changes in paragraphs 250-10-45-5 through 45-10. The amendments to Part II of this update do not require any transition guidance because those amendments do not have an accounting effect. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)”, which targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities. The amendments in this update better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. To meet that objective, the amendments expand and refine hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

4. Acquisition

On July 14, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of SinoPac Bancorp, the parent of Far East National Bank (“FENB”), pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 8, 2016, by and between the Company and Bank SinoPac Co. Ltd. Under the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company purchased all of the issued and outstanding share capital of SinoPac Bancorp for an aggregate purchase price of $351.6 million plus additional post closing payments based on the realization of certain assets of FENB. The Company issued 926,192 shares of common stock as consideration and the remainder of the consideration is payable in cash of which $100 million was deferred and paid on November 14, 2017 and $35.4 million was deferred and will be released over the next three years. On December 12, 2017, additional cash consideration of $4.1 million was paid based on the realized gain from the sale of the building that housed FENB’s former Alhambra, California branch. SinoPac Bancorp was merged into Cathay General Bancorp on July 17, 2017 and subsequently, on October 27, 2017, FENB was merged into Cathay Bank. The acquisition allowed the Company to expand its number of branches in California. Prior to the closing of the acquisition, FENB operated nine branches in California, and a representative office in Beijing. The acquisition is accounted for as a business combination, subject to the provisions of ASC 805-10-50, Business Combinations.

The assets and liabilities, both tangible and intangible, were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the July 14, 2017 acquisition date. We have included the financial results of the business combinations in the condensed consolidated statement of income beginning on the acquisition date. The assets and liabilities, both tangible and intangible, were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. We made significant estimates and exercised significant judgement in estimating fair values and accounting for such acquired assets and liabilities. The assets and liabilities have been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting.

The fair value of the assets and the liabilities acquired as of July 14, 2017 are shown below:

The table above reflects net purchase price adjustments of $340,000 related to contingent consideration and imputed interest adjustments made during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

5. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock and resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in earnings. Outstanding stock options and restricted stock units with anti-dilutive effect were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. The following table sets forth earnings per common share calculations:

6. Stock-Based Compensation

Under the Company’s equity incentive plans, directors and eligible employees may be granted incentive or non-statutory stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and/or awarded non-vested stock. As of June 30, 2018, there were no stock options outstanding.

There were 35,880 and 37,540 stock option shares exercised in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company received $838,000 from the exercise of stock options for 35,880 shares at $23.37 per share that had an aggregate intrinsic value of $718,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $877,000 from the exercise of stock options that had an aggregate intrinsic value of $534,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

RSUs are granted under the Company’s long-term incentive plan at no cost to the recipient. RSUs generally vest ratably over three years or cliff vest after one or three years of continued employment from the date of the grant. While a portion of RSUs are time-vesting awards, others vest subject to the attainment of specified performance goals referred to as “Performance-based RSUs.” All RSUs are subject to forfeiture until vested.

Performance-based RSUs are granted at the target amount of awards. Based on the Company’s attainment of specified performance goals and consideration of market conditions, the number of shares that vest can be adjusted to a minimum of zero and to a maximum of 150% of the target. The amount of performance-based RSUs that are eligible to vest is determined at the end of each performance period and is then added together to determine the total number of performance shares that are eligible to vest. Performance-based RSUs generally cliff vest three years from the date of grant.

Compensation costs for the time-based awards are based on the quoted market price of the Company’s stock at the grant date. Compensation costs associated with performance-based RSUs are based on grant date fair value, which considers both market and performance conditions. Compensation costs of both time-based and performance-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis from the grant date until the vesting date of each grant.

The following table presents restricted stock unit activity during the six months ended June 30, 2018:

The compensation expense recorded for RSUs was $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $1.4 million in the same period a year ago. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, compensation expense recorded relating to the RSUs was $3.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $13.3 million and $10.6 million as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These costs are expected to be recognized over the next 2.1 years and 2.2 years for time-based and performance-based RSUs, respectively.

As of June 30, 2018, 2,591,461 shares were available under the Company’s 2005 Incentive Plan (as Amended and Restated) for future grants.

Tax benefit from share-based payment arrangements of $0.8 million reduced income tax expense in the first six months of 2018 compared to $2.6 million in the same period a year ago.

7. Investment Securities

Securities available-for-sale were $1.5 billion as of June 30, 2018, compared to $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2017.

The following tables reflect the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair value of securities available-for-sale as of June 30, 2018, and investment securities as of December 31, 2017:

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities as of June 30, 2018, by contractual maturities, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or repayment penalties.

There were no sales of mortgage-backed securities during the first six months of 2018 and the first six months of 2017. Proceeds from repayments, maturities and calls of mortgage-backed securities were $50.4 million and $28.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. There were no sales of other investment securities during the first six months of 2018, compared to proceeds of $99.5 million from the sale of other investment securities during the first six months of 2017. Proceeds from maturities and calls of other investment securities were $206.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $170.0 million during the same period a year ago. There were no gains or losses on sales of investment securities during the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $438,000 of losses in the same period a year ago. There were no other than temporary impairment write-downs recorded during the first six months of 2018, compared to $25,000 recorded during the first six months of 2017.

The adoption of ASU 2016-01 resulted in approximately $8.6 million being reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings, representing an increase to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. For the six months ended, June 30, 2018, the Company recognized a net loss of $5.0 million due to the decrease in fair value of equity investments with readily determinable fair values. Equity securities were $23.1 million as of June 30, 2018, compared to $28.1 million as of December 31, 2017.

The tables below show the fair value and unrealized losses of the temporarily impaired securities in our investment securities portfolio as of June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017:

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities of $35.2 million. The unrealized losses on these securities were primarily attributed to yield curve movement, together with widened liquidity spreads and credit spreads. The issuers have not, to the Company’s knowledge, established any cause for default on these securities. Management believes the impairment was temporary and, accordingly, no impairment loss on these securities has been recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company expects to recover the amortized cost basis of its securities and has no intent to sell, and will not be required to sell, available-for-sale securities that have declined below their cost before their anticipated recovery.

Investment securities having a carrying value of $158.1 million as of June 30, 2018, and $272.2 million as of December 31, 2017, were pledged to secure public deposits, other borrowings, treasury tax and loan, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

8 . Loans

Most of the Company’s business activities are with customers located in the high-density Asian-populated areas of Southern and Northern California; New York City, New York; Dallas and Houston, Texas; Seattle, Washington; Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Edison, New Jersey; Rockville, Maryland; Las Vegas, Nevada, and Hong Kong. The Company has no specific industry concentration, and generally its loans are secured by real property or other collateral of the borrowers. The Company generally expects loans to be paid off from the operating profits of the borrowers, from refinancing by other lenders, or through sale by the borrowers of the secured collateral.

The types of loans in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, were as follows:

As of June 30, 2018, recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $137.2 million and was comprised of non-accrual loans, excluding loans held for sale, of $52.7 million and accruing troubled debt restructured loans (“TDRs”) of $84.5 million. As of December 31, 2017, recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $117.4 million and was comprised of non-accrual loans, excluding loans held for sale, of $48.8 million and accruing TDRs of $68.6 million. For impaired loans, the amounts previously charged off represent 6.5% as of June 30, 2018, and 7.2% as of December 31, 2017, of the contractual balances for impaired loans.

The following table presents the average balance and interest income recognized related to impaired loans for the periods indicated:

The following table presents impaired loans and the related allowance for loan losses as of the dates indicated:

The following tables present the aging of the loan portfolio by type as of June 30, 2018, and as of December 31, 2017:

The determination of the amount of the allowance for loan losses for impaired loans is based on management’s current judgment about the credit quality of the loan portfolio and takes into consideration known relevant internal and external factors that affect collectability when determining the appropriate level for the allowance for loan losses. The nature of the process by which the Bank determines the appropriate allowance for loan losses requires the exercise of considerable judgment. This allowance evaluation process is also applied to troubled debt restructurings since they are considered to be impaired loans. The allowance for loan losses and the reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments are significant estimates that can and do change based on management’s process in analyzing the loan portfolio and on management’s assumptions about specific borrowers, underlying collateral, and applicable economic and environmental conditions, among other factors.

A troubled debt restructuring is a formal modification of the terms of a loan when the lender, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower. The concessions may be granted in various forms, including a change in the stated interest rate, a reduction in the loan balance or accrued interest, or an extension of the maturity date that causes significant delay in payment.

TDRs on accrual status are comprised of the loans that have, pursuant to the Bank’s policy, performed under the restructured terms and have demonstrated sustained performance under the modified terms for six months before being returned to accrual status. The sustained performance considered by management pursuant to its policy includes the periods prior to the modification if the prior performance met or exceeded the modified terms. This would include cash paid by the borrower prior to the restructure to set up interest reserves.

As of June 30, 2018, accruing TDRs were $84.5 million and non-accrual TDRs were $30.3 million compared to accruing TDRs of $68.6 million and non-accrual TDRs of $33.4 million as of December 31, 2017. The Company allocated specific reserves of $1.1 million to accruing TDRs and $71,000 to non-accrual TDRs as of June 30, 2018, and $1.9 million to accruing TDRs and $83,000 to non-accrual TDRs as of December 31, 2017. The following tables present TDRs that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, their specific reserves as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, and charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

Modifications of the loan terms during the first six months of 2018 were in the form of extensions of maturity dates, which ranged from three to twelve months from the modification date.

We expect that the TDRs on accruing status as of June 30, 2018, which were all performing in accordance with their restructured terms, will continue to comply with the restructured terms because of the reduced principal or interest payments on these loans.  A summary of TDRs by type of concession and by type of loan, as of June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, is shown below:

The activity within our TDRs for the periods indicated is shown below:

The Company considers a loan to be in payment default once it is 60 to 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.  The Company did not have any loans that were modified as a TDR during the previous twelve months and which had subsequently defaulted as of June 30, 2018.

Under the Company’s internal underwriting policy, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification in order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty.

As of June 30, 2018, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to those borrowers whose loans had been restructured, were considered impaired, or were on non-accrual status.

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolio, the Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each loan. The risk rating categories can be generally described by the following grouping for non-homogeneous loans:

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Pass/Watch – These loans range from minimal credit risk to lower than average, but still acceptable, credit risk.

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Special Mention – Borrower is fundamentally sound and loan is currently protected but adverse trends are apparent that, if not corrected, may affect ability to repay. Primary source of loan repayment remains viable but there is increasing reliance on collateral or guarantor support.

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Substandard – These loans are inadequately protected by current sound net worth, paying capacity, or collateral. Well-defined weaknesses exist that could jeopardize repayment of debt. Loss may not be imminent, but if weaknesses are not corrected, there is a good possibility of some loss.

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Doubtful – The possibility of loss is extremely high, but due to identifiable and important pending events (which may strengthen the loan), a loss classification is deferred until the situation is better defined.

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Loss – These loans are considered uncollectible and of such little value that to continue to carry the loan as an active asset is no longer warranted.

The following tables present the loan portfolio by risk rating as of June 30, 2018, and as of December 31, 2017:

The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of June 30, 2018, and as of December 31, 2017:

The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, and June 30, 2017. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.