CHGG 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2022 | Alphaminr
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CHGG 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2022

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CHEGG, INC
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chgg-20220930
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission file number 001-36180
chgg-20220930_g1.jpg
CHEGG, INC .
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 20-3237489
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
3990 Freedom Circle
Santa Clara , CA , 95054
(Address of principal executive offices)
( 408 ) 855-5700
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class Trading symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share CHGG The New York Stock Exchange

• Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
• Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
• Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
• If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
• Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐ No x
• As of October 25, 2022, the Registrant had 125,477,315 outstanding shares of Common Stock.




TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Unless the context requires otherwise, the words “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Chegg” refer to Chegg, Inc. and its subsidiaries taken as a whole.

Chegg, Chegg.com, Chegg Study, internships.com, Research Ready, EasyBib, the Chegg “C” logo, Busuu and Thinkful, are some of our trademarks used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Solely for convenience, our trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q appear without the ® , ™ and SM symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks and trade names. Other trademarks appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective holders.

2

NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, our objectives for future operations, and the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on our financial condition and results of operations are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “project,” “endeavor,” “expect,” “plans to,” “if,” “future,” “likely,” “potentially,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time, such as the COVID-19 global pandemic. Many of the risks and uncertainties are elevated by, and may or will continue to be elevated by, the COVID-19 pandemic. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and we undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
CHEGG, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for number of shares and par value)
(unaudited)
September 30,
2022 		December 31,
2021
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 69,349 $ 854,078
Short-term investments 871,408 691,781
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $ 298 and $ 153 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
22,187 17,850
Prepaid expenses 33,441 35,093
Other current assets 35,196 23,846
Total current assets 1,031,581 1,622,648
Long-term investments 286,781 745,993
Textbook library, net — 11,241
Property and equipment, net 202,362 169,938
Goodwill 589,702 289,763
Intangible assets, net 80,646 40,566
Right of use assets 18,144 18,062
Deferred tax assets 166,965 1,365
Other assets 21,680 19,670
Total assets $ 2,397,861 $ 2,919,246
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $ 14,902 $ 11,992
Deferred revenue 60,475 35,143
Accrued liabilities 68,096 67,209
Total current liabilities 143,473 114,344
Long-term liabilities
Convertible senior notes, net 1,187,513 1,678,155
Long-term operating lease liabilities 12,347 12,447
Other long-term liabilities 7,996 7,383
Total long-term liabilities 1,207,856 1,697,985
Total liabilities 1,351,329 1,812,329
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $ 0.001 par value per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
— —
Common stock, $ 0.001 par value per share: 400,000,000 shares authorized; 125,423,860 and 136,951,956 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
125 137
Additional paid-in capital 1,220,688 1,449,305
Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 101,870 ) ( 5,334 )
Accumulated deficit ( 72,411 ) ( 337,191 )
Total stockholders' equity 1,046,532 1,106,917
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 2,397,861 $ 2,919,246
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CHEGG, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Net revenues $ 164,739 $ 171,942 $ 561,704 $ 568,798
Cost of revenues 45,203 67,102 145,972 199,194
Gross profit 119,536 104,840 415,732 369,604
Operating expenses:
Research and development 45,426 43,269 150,321 130,995
Sales and marketing 31,803 27,239 109,580 75,139
General and administrative 53,742 33,971 154,547 111,560
Total operating expenses 130,971 104,479 414,448 317,694
(Loss) income from operations ( 11,435 ) 361 1,284 51,910
Interest expense, net and other income (expense), net:
Interest expense, net ( 1,525 ) ( 1,633 ) ( 4,738 ) ( 5,263 )
Other income (expense), net 97,258 8,670 105,247 ( 66,618 )
Total interest expense, net and other income (expense), net 95,733 7,037 100,509 ( 71,881 )
Income (loss) before benefit from (provision for) income taxes 84,298 7,398 101,793 ( 19,971 )
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 167,264 ( 747 ) 162,987 ( 5,793 )
Net income (loss) $ 251,562 $ 6,651 $ 264,780 $ ( 25,764 )
Net income (loss) per share
Basic $ 1.99 $ 0.05 $ 2.07 $ ( 0.18 )
Diluted $ 1.23 $ 0.05 $ 1.31 $ ( 0.18 )
Weighted average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share
Basic 126,132 144,746 128,166 140,775
Diluted 148,045 146,699 151,221 140,775
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CHEGG, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Net income (loss) $ 251,562 $ 6,651 $ 264,780 $ ( 25,764 )
Other comprehensive loss
Change in net unrealized loss on investments, net of tax ( 1,946 ) ( 455 ) ( 17,196 ) ( 1,974 )
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax ( 31,056 ) ( 127 ) ( 79,340 ) ( 1,108 )
Other comprehensive loss ( 33,002 ) ( 582 ) ( 96,536 ) ( 3,082 )
Total comprehensive income (loss) $ 218,560 $ 6,069 $ 168,244 $ ( 28,846 )
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CHEGG, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Common Stock
Shares Par
Value 		Additional Paid-In
Capital 		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated
Deficit 		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balances at June 30, 2022
126,344 $ 126 $ 1,211,506 $ ( 68,868 ) $ ( 323,973 ) $ 818,791
Repurchases of common stock ( 1,147 ) ( 1 ) ( 23,077 ) — — ( 23,078 )
Net share settlement of equity awards 227 — ( 2,555 ) — — ( 2,555 )
Share-based compensation expense — — 34,814 — — 34,814
Other comprehensive loss — — — ( 33,002 ) — ( 33,002 )
Net income — — — — 251,562 251,562
Balances at September 30, 2022
125,424 $ 125 $ 1,220,688 $ ( 101,870 ) $ ( 72,411 ) $ 1,046,532

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Common Stock
Shares Par
Value 		Additional Paid-In
Capital 		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated
Deficit 		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balances at June 30, 2021
144,621 $ 145 $ 1,706,855 $ ( 970 ) $ ( 368,148 ) $ 1,337,882
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and ESPP 14 — 106 — — 106
Net share settlement of equity awards 266 — ( 14,697 ) — — ( 14,697 )
Share-based compensation expense — — 25,157 — — 25,157
Other comprehensive loss — — — ( 582 ) — ( 582 )
Net income — — — — 6,651 6,651
Balances at September 30, 2021
144,901 $ 145 $ 1,717,421 $ ( 1,552 ) $ ( 361,497 ) $ 1,354,517


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Common Stock
Shares Par
Value 		Additional Paid-In
Capital 		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated
Deficit 		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balances at December 31, 2021
136,952 $ 137 $ 1,449,305 $ ( 5,334 ) $ ( 337,191 ) $ 1,106,917
Repurchases of common stock ( 12,709 ) ( 13 ) ( 323,515 ) — — ( 323,528 )
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and ESPP 319 — 4,557 — — 4,557
Net share settlement of equity awards 862 1 ( 12,776 ) — — ( 12,775 )
Share-based compensation expense — — 103,117 — — 103,117
Other comprehensive loss — — — ( 96,536 ) — ( 96,536 )
Net income — — — — 264,780 264,780
Balances at September 30, 2022
125,424 $ 125 $ 1,220,688 $ ( 101,870 ) $ ( 72,411 ) $ 1,046,532

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Common Stock
Shares Par
Value 		Additional Paid-In
Capital 		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated
Deficit 		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balances at December 31, 2020
129,344 $ 129 $ 1,030,577 $ 1,530 $ ( 422,601 ) $ 609,635
Cumulative-effect adjustment related to adoption of ASU 2020-06 — — ( 465,006 ) — 86,868 ( 378,138 )
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity offering, net of offering costs 10,975 11 1,091,455 — — 1,091,466
Equity component on conversions of 2023 notes and 2025 notes — — ( 236,920 ) — — ( 236,920 )
Issuance of common stock upon conversions of 2023 notes 2,983 3 235,518 — — 235,521
Net proceeds from capped call related to conversions of 2023 notes and 2025 notes — — 67,769 — — 67,769
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and ESPP 178 — 5,371 — — 5,371
Net share settlement of equity awards 1,421 2 ( 89,339 ) — — ( 89,337 )
Share-based compensation expense — — 77,996 — — 77,996
Other comprehensive loss — — — ( 3,082 ) — ( 3,082 )
Net loss — — — — ( 25,764 ) ( 25,764 )
Balances at September 30, 2021
144,901 $ 145 $ 1,717,421 $ ( 1,552 ) $ ( 361,497 ) $ 1,354,517
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CHEGG, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss) $ 264,780 $ ( 25,764 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Print textbook depreciation expense 1,610 9,024
Other depreciation and amortization expense 64,295 46,273
Share-based compensation expense 98,341 76,157
Amortization of debt issuance costs 4,084 4,509
Gain on foreign currency remeasurement of purchase consideration ( 4,628 ) —
Impairment on lease related assets 3,411 —
(Gain) loss on early extinguishment of debt ( 93,519 ) 78,152
Loss on change in fair value of derivative instruments, net — 7,148
Loss from write-off of property and equipment 3,117 1,857
Tax benefit related to release of valuation allowance ( 174,601 ) —
Deferred income taxes 6,376 563
Gain on sale of strategic equity investment — ( 12,496 )
(Gain) loss on textbook library, net ( 4,976 ) 8,765
Operating lease expense, net of accretion 4,746 4,527
Restructuring charges — 1,851
Other non-cash items 619 ( 65 )
Change in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisition of businesses:
Accounts receivable ( 2,259 ) 3,593
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 13,251 ( 31,070 )
Other assets 15,926 9,472
Accounts payable ( 1,728 ) 1,820
Deferred revenue 11,434 17,363
Accrued liabilities ( 23,323 ) 10,552
Other liabilities ( 5,240 ) ( 4,108 )
Net cash provided by operating activities 181,716 208,123
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment ( 79,242 ) ( 67,126 )
Purchases of textbooks ( 3,815 ) ( 10,666 )
Proceeds from disposition of textbooks 2,503 7,815
Purchases of investments ( 534,008 ) ( 1,574,060 )
Maturities of investments 783,912 893,315
Purchase of strategic equity investment ( 6,000 ) —
Proceeds from sale of strategic equity investment — 16,076
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired ( 401,125 ) ( 7,891 )
Net cash used in investing activities ( 237,775 ) ( 742,537 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from common stock issued under stock plans, net 4,558 5,373
Payment of taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards ( 12,776 ) ( 89,339 )
Proceeds from equity offering, net of offering costs — 1,091,466
Repayment of convertible senior notes ( 401,203 ) ( 300,755 )
Proceeds from exercise of convertible senior notes capped call — 69,005
Repurchases of common stock ( 323,528 ) —
Payment of escrow related to acquisition — ( 7,451 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities ( 732,949 ) 768,299
Effect of exchange rate changes 4,628 —
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ( 784,380 ) 233,885
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 855,893 481,715
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 71,513 $ 715,600
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021
Supplemental cash flow data:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest $ 875 $ 1,053
Income taxes, net of refunds $ 5,530 $ 5,610
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 6,908 $ 5,934
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases $ 7,603 $ —
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Accrued purchases of long-lived assets $ 4,101 $ 1,837
Issuance of common stock related to repayment of convertible senior notes $ — $ 235,521

September 30,
2022 2021
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 69,349 $ 713,837
Restricted cash included in other current assets 63 —
Restricted cash included in other assets 2,101 1,763
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 71,513 $ 715,600
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CHEGG, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Background and Basis of Presentation

Company and Background

Chegg, Inc. (Chegg, the Company, we, us, or our), headquartered in Santa Clara, California, was incorporated as a Delaware corporation in July 2005. Millions of people all around the world Learn with Chegg. Our mission is to improve learning and learning outcomes by putting students first. We support life-long learners starting with their academic journey and extending into their careers. The Chegg platform provides products and services to support learners to help them better understand their academic course materials, and also provides personal and professional development skills training, to help them achieve their learning goals.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of Chegg, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our financial position as of September 30, 2022, our results of operations, results of comprehensive income (loss), and stockholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Our results of operations, results of comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

We have a single operating and reportable segment and operating unit structure. The condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto that are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the Annual Report on Form 10-K) filed with the SEC.

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies as compared to the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities; the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on historical experience, knowledge of current business conditions, and various other factors we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates are based on management’s knowledge about current events and expectations about actions we may undertake in the future. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and such differences could be material to our financial position and results of operations. There have been no material changes in our use of estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the use of estimates disclosed in Part II, Item 8 “Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Details

Other income (expense), net consists of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt (1)
$ 93,519 $ — $ 93,519 $ ( 78,152 )
Loss on change in fair value of derivative instruments, net — — — ( 7,148 )
Gain on sale of strategic equity investments — 7,158 — 12,496
Gain on foreign currency remeasurement of purchase consideration (2)
— — 4,628 —
Interest income 3,737 1,485 7,246 5,385
Other 2 27 ( 146 ) 801
Total other income (expense), net
$ 97,258 $ 8,670 $ 105,247 $ ( 66,618 )
(1) For further information, see Note 8, “Convertible Senior Notes.”
(2) For further information, see Note 5, “Acquisition.”

Impairment of Lease Related Assets

Right of use (ROU) assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we announced the closure of our San Francisco office and determined that the carrying amount of the ROU asset was not recoverable. As a result, we recorded an impairment charge of $ 3.4 million, consisting of a $ 2.0 million impairment of a ROU asset and $ 1.4 million write-off of leasehold improvements, included in general and administrative expense on our condensed consolidated statement of operations. Our intent and ability to sublease the office as well as the local market conditions were factored in when measuring the amount of impairment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

There were no accounting pronouncements issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 that would have an impact on our financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2021-08, Business Combinations-Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (Topic 805). The new guidance requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606 as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. We early adopted ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2022 and applied it to our acquisition of Busuu. The most significant impacts were an increase in contract liabilities, contained within deferred revenue, and goodwill.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options. ASU 2021-04 aims to clarify and reduce diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after modification or exchange based on the economic substance of the modification or exchange. Early adoption is permitted and the guidance must be applied prospectively to all modifications or exchanges that occur on or after the date of adoption. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. We adopted ASU 2021-04 on January 1, 2022 under the prospective method of adoption and there was no impact to our results of operations as we did not modify or exchange any freestanding equity-classified written call options.

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Note 2. Revenues

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The majority of our revenues are recognized over time as services are performed, with certain revenues being recognized at a point in time.

The following tables set forth our total net revenues for the periods shown disaggregated for our Chegg Services and Required Materials product lines (in thousands, except percentages):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Change
2022 2021 $ %
Chegg Services $ 159,264 $ 146,790 $ 12,474 8 %
Required Materials 5,475 25,152 ( 19,677 ) ( 78 )
Total net revenues $ 164,739 $ 171,942 $ ( 7,203 ) ( 4 )

Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
2022 2021 $ %
Chegg Services $ 533,152 $ 482,654 $ 50,498 10 %
Required Materials 28,552 86,144 ( 57,592 ) ( 67 )
Total net revenues $ 561,704 $ 568,798 $ ( 7,094 ) ( 1 )

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized $ 35.2 million and $ 33.8 million, respectively, of revenues that were included in our deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each respective reporting period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 we recognized $ 31.3 million and $ 32.6 million, respectively, of revenues that were included in our deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each respective reporting period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized no operating lease income and $ 5.1 million of operating lease income, respectively, from print textbook rentals that we owned. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized $ 6.2 million and $ 26.9 million, respectively, of operating lease income from print textbook rentals that we owned. The decreases in operating lease income are primarily due to the transition of our Required Materials product line. For further information, refer to Note 7, “Required Materials Transition.”

Contract Balances

The following table presents our accounts receivable, net, contract assets and deferred revenue balances (in thousands, except percentages):
Change
September 30,
2022 		December 31, 2021 $ %
Accounts receivable, net $ 22,187 $ 17,850 $ 4,337 24 %
Contract assets 12,710 14,231 ( 1,521 ) ( 11 )
Deferred revenue 60,475 35,143 25,332 72

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 our accounts receivable, net balance increased by $ 4.3 million, or 24 %, primarily due to timing of billings and seasonality of our business. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, our contract assets balance decreased by $ 1.5 million, or 11 %, primarily due to our Thinkful service. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, our deferred revenue balance increased by $ 25.3 million, or 72 %, primarily due to acquired deferred revenue in conjunction with our acquisition of Busuu, increased bookings, and seasonality of our business.

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Note 3. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Basic
Numerator:
Net income (loss)
$ 251,562 $ 6,651 $ 264,780 $ ( 25,764 )
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share, basic
126,132 144,746 128,166 140,775
Net income (loss) per share, basic
$ 1.99 $ 0.05 $ 2.07 $ ( 0.18 )
Diluted
Numerator:
Net income (loss) $ 251,562 $ 6,651 $ 264,780 $ ( 25,764 )
Convertible senior notes activity, net of tax (1)
( 69,042 ) — ( 66,630 ) —
Net income (loss), diluted
$ 182,520 $ 6,651 $ 198,150 $ ( 25,764 )
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share, basic
126,132 144,746 128,166 140,775
Shares related to stock plan activity 504 1,953 674 —
Shares related to convertible senior notes 21,409 — 22,381 —
Weighted average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share, diluted
148,045 146,699 151,221 140,775
Net income (loss) per share, diluted
$ 1.23 $ 0.05 $ 1.31 $ ( 0.18 )
(1) Includes the gain on early extinguishment on our 2026 notes and interest expense on our notes, net of tax. For further information, see Note 8, “Convertible Senior Notes.”

The following potential weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share because including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Shares related to stock plan activity 7,534 849 4,148 2,727
Shares related to convertible senior notes — 22,875 — 23,876
Total common stock equivalents 7,534 23,724 4,148 26,603

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Note 4. Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Investments and Fair Value Measurements

The following tables show our cash and cash equivalents, and investments’ fair value level classification, adjusted cost, unrealized gain, unrealized loss and fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands except for fair value levels):
September 30, 2022
Fair Value Level Adjusted Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash $ 35,131 $ — $ — $ 35,131
Money market funds Level 1 34,218 — — 34,218
Total cash and cash equivalents $ 69,349 $ — $ — $ 69,349
Short-term investments:
Commercial paper Level 2 $ 11,720 $ — $ ( 114 ) $ 11,606
Corporate debt securities Level 2 770,221 ( 12,945 ) 757,276
U.S. treasury securities Level 1 104,671 — ( 2,145 ) 102,526
Total short-term investments $ 886,612 $ — $ ( 15,204 ) $ 871,408
Long-term investments:
Corporate debt securities Level 2 $ 156,687 $ — $ ( 4,065 ) $ 152,622
U.S. treasury securities Level 1 101,890 — ( 1,907 ) 99,983
Agency bonds Level 2 34,119 57 — 34,176
Total long-term investments $ 292,696 $ 57 $ ( 5,972 ) $ 286,781

December 31, 2021
Fair Value Level Adjusted Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash $ 30,324 $ — $ — $ 30,324
Money market funds Level 1 823,754 — — 823,754
Total cash and cash equivalents $ 854,078 $ — $ — $ 854,078
Short-term investments:
Commercial paper Level 2 $ 124,211 $ 2 $ ( 33 ) $ 124,180
Corporate debt securities Level 2 552,609 36 ( 546 ) 552,099
Agency bonds Level 2 15,500 2 — 15,502
Total short-term investments $ 692,320 $ 40 $ ( 579 ) $ 691,781
Long-term investments:
Corporate debt securities Level 2 $ 724,517 $ — $ ( 3,277 ) $ 721,240
U.S. treasury securities Level 1 24,860 — ( 107 ) 24,753
Total long-term investments $ 749,377 $ — $ ( 3,384 ) $ 745,993

As of September 30, 2022, we determined that the declines in the market value of our investment portfolio were not driven by credit related factors. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 we did not recognize any losses on our investments due to credit related factors. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, our realized gains and losses on investments were not significant.
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The following table shows our cash equivalents and investments' adjusted cost and fair value by contractual maturity as of September 30, 2022 (in thousands):
Adjusted Cost Fair Value
Due in 1 year or less $ 886,612 $ 871,408
Due in 1-2 years 292,696 286,781
Investments not due at a single maturity date 34,218 34,218
Total $ 1,213,526 $ 1,192,407

Investments not due at a single maturity date in the preceding table consisted of money market funds.

Strategic Investment

In July 2022, we completed an investment of $ 6.0 million in Knack Technologies, Inc. (Knack), a privately held U.S. based peer-to-peer tutoring platform for higher education institutions. We do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over Knack's operating and financial policies and have elected to account for our investment at cost as it does not have a readily determinable fair value. We did not record any impairment charges during the three months ended September 30, 2022, as there were no significant identified events or changes in circumstances that would be considered an indicator for impairment. There were no observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investments of the same issuer during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

We report our financial instruments at fair value with the exception of the notes. The estimated fair value of the notes was determined based on the trading price of the notes as of the last day of trading for the period. We consider the fair value of the notes to be a Level 2 measurement due to the limited trading activity. The estimated fair value of the 2026 notes as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $ 370.0 million and $ 840.0 million, respectively. The estimated fair value of the 2025 notes as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $ 595.0 million and $ 682.2 million, respectively. For further information on the notes, refer to Note 8, “Convertible Senior Notes.”

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Note 5. Acquisition

On January 13, 2022, we completed our acquisition of 100 % of the outstanding shares of Busuu Online S.L (Busuu) in cash, an online language learning company that offers a comprehensive solution through a combination of self-paced lessons, live classes with expert tutors and the ability to learn and practice with members of the Busuu language learning community. The acquisition helps to expand our existing offerings and global reach through language learning, allowing us to drive further into international markets.

The following table presents the preliminary allocation of purchase consideration recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the acquisition date (in thousands):
Busuu
Cash and cash equivalents $ 20,525
Accounts receivable 2,446
Right of use assets 2,715
Other acquired assets 3,710
Acquired intangible assets 71,600
Total identifiable assets acquired 100,996
Accounts payable ( 5,174 )
Accrued liabilities (1)
( 21,964 )
Deferred revenue ( 16,761 )
Long term operating lease liabilities ( 2,038 )
Other long-term liabilities (1)
( 1,646 )
Net identifiable assets acquired 53,413
Goodwill 368,237
Total fair value of purchase consideration $ 421,650
(1) During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded a $ 0.8 million decrease to accrued liabilities and a $ 1.7 million increase to other long-term liabilities as a result of measurement period adjustments to the fair value of the initial liabilities related to taxes.

The estimates and assumptions regarding the fair value of certain tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the valuation of intangible assets acquired, income taxes, and goodwill are subject to change as we obtain additional information during the measurement period, which usually lasts for up to one year from the acquisition date.

Goodwill is primarily attributable to the potential for expanding our offerings to include an online language learning platform and global reach allowing us to drive further into international markets. Substantially all of the amounts recorded for intangible assets and goodwill are deductible for tax purposes.

The following table presents the details of the allocation of purchase consideration to the acquired intangible assets (in thousands, except weighted-average amortization period):
Busuu
Amount Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in months)
Trade name $ 4,600 72
Customer lists 18,000 24
Developed technology 49,000 84
Total acquired intangible assets $ 71,600 68

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021, we incurred acquisition-related expenses of $ 0.6 million and $ 5.3 million, respectively, associated with our acquisition of Busuu, which have been included in general and administrative expense on our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

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The purchase consideration was paid in Euros, which is different from our functional currency of United States Dollars. We initially funded an equivalent of $ 417.0 million that was remeasured at $ 421.7 million at closing, which is included in our statement of cash flows as a cash outflow from investing activities net of cash acquired, resulting in a $ 4.6 million gain included in other income (expense), net on our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

The Busuu purchase agreement provides for additional payments of up to approximately $ 25.5 million, subject to the continued employment of certain key employees. These payments are not included in the fair value of the purchase consideration but rather are expensed ratably as acquisition-related compensation costs and classified based on the employees' job function, on our condensed consolidated statement of operations. As of September 30, 2022, we have recorded approximately $ 5.3 million within accrued liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets for these payments.

Since the acquisition date, we have recorded revenues and net loss from Busuu of $ 29.0 million and $ 28.7 million, respectively. These results should not be taken as representative of future results of operations of the combined company. The following unaudited supplemental pro forma revenues and earnings is for informational purposes only and presents our combined results as if the acquisition of Busuu had occurred on January 1, 2021. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, our unaudited supplemental pro forma revenues would have been $ 164.7 million and $ 562.4 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, our unaudited supplemental pro forma revenues would have been $ 184.2 million and $ 601.5 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, our unaudited supplemental pro forma earnings would have been a net income of $ 253.6 million and $ 267.3 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, our unaudited supplemental pro forma earnings would have been a net loss of $ 3.9 million and $ 55.6 million, respectively. The unaudited supplemental pro forma earnings information includes the historical combined operating results adjusted for acquisition-related compensation costs, amortization of intangible assets, share-based compensation expense and acquisition-related expenses and does not necessarily reflect the actual results that would have been achieved, nor is it necessarily indicative of our future consolidated results.

Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill consists of the following (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance $ 289,763
Initial addition due to acquisition 367,376
Foreign currency translation adjustment ( 68,298 )
Measurement period adjustments related to prior acquisition (1)
861
Ending balance $ 589,702
(1) For further information, see Note 5, “Acquisition.”

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands, except weighted-average amortization period):
September 30, 2022
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in months) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Net Carrying Amount
Developed technologies 80 $ 106,703 $ ( 41,306 ) $ ( 8,638 ) $ 56,759
Content libraries 60 12,230 ( 8,670 ) — 3,560
Customer lists 35 34,190 ( 19,527 ) ( 2,385 ) 12,278
Trade and domain names 52 16,213 ( 10,928 ) ( 836 ) 4,449
Indefinite-lived trade name — 3,600 — — 3,600
Total intangible assets, net 67 $ 172,936 $ ( 80,431 ) $ ( 11,859 ) $ 80,646
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December 31, 2021
Weighted-Average Amortization
Period
(in months) 		Gross
Carrying
Amount 		Accumulated
Amortization 		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Net
Carrying
Amount
Developed technologies 76 $ 57,521 $ ( 31,790 ) $ — $ 25,731
Content libraries 60 12,230 ( 6,836 ) — 5,394
Customer lists 47 16,190 ( 12,432 ) — 3,758
Trade and domain names 44 11,613 ( 9,530 ) — 2,083
Indefinite-lived trade name — 3,600 — — 3,600
Total intangible assets, net 65 $ 101,154 $ ( 60,588 ) $ — $ 40,566

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, amortization expense related to our finite-lived intangible assets totaled approximately $ 6.5 million and $ 19.7 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, amortization expense related to our finite-lived intangible assets totaled approximately $ 3.0 million and $ 10.7 million, respectively.

As of September 30, 2022, the estimated future amortization expense related to our finite-lived intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):
Remaining three months of 2022 $ 5,950
2023 22,844
2024 12,757
2025 10,688
2026 10,340
Thereafter 14,467
Total $ 77,046

Note 7. Required Materials Transition

In April 2022, we entered into definitive agreements regarding the sale of our print textbook library and partnership with GT Marketplace, LLC (GT) for our Required Materials product line. We will continue to offer our Required Materials offering on our website and maintain relationships with the students, however, GT has purchased our existing print textbook library for $ 14 million, subject to payment terms and certain adjustments, and will continue to make print textbook investments and provide fulfillment logistics for print textbook transactions. We expect that we will continue to fulfill eTextbook transactions through the end of 2022, at which point GT will fulfill eTextbook transactions.

Upon board of directors approval of the transaction with GT in April 2022, our net textbook library and unrecognized deferred revenue related to print textbook transactions met the criteria to be classified as a held for sale asset group which had a carrying amount of $ 7.7 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we subsequently sold the held for sale asset group to GT at a gain of $ 4.4 million, subject to certain adjustments, included in cost of revenues on our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Subsequent to April 2022, we no longer recognize operating lease income from print textbooks that we own ratable on a gross basis. In relation to print textbooks owned by GT, we recognize revenues immediately on a net basis, representing the margin earned, based on our role in the transaction as an agent as we have concluded that we do not control the use of the print textbooks, and therefore record only the net revenue share we earn.

Note 8. Convertible Senior Notes

In August 2020, we issued $ 1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of 0 % convertible senior notes due in 2026 (2026 notes). The aggregate principal amount of the 2026 notes includes $ 100 million from the initial purchasers fully exercising their option to purchase additional notes. In March 2019, we issued $ 700 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.125 % convertible senior notes due in 2025 (2025 notes, together with the 2026 notes, the notes) and in April 2019, the initial purchasers fully exercised their option to purchase $ 100 million of additional 2025 notes for aggregate total principal amount of
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$ 800 million. The notes were issued in private placements to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The total net proceeds from the notes are as follows (in thousands):
2026 Notes 2025 Notes
Principal amount $ 1,000,000 $ 800,000
Less initial purchasers’ discount ( 15,000 ) ( 18,998 )
Less other issuance costs ( 904 ) ( 822 )
Net proceeds $ 984,096 $ 780,180

The notes are our senior, unsecured obligations and are governed by indenture agreements by and between us and Computershare Trust Company, National Association (as successor to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association), as Trustee (the indentures). The 2026 notes bear no interest and will mature on September 1, 2026, unless repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The 2025 notes bear interest of 0.125 % per year which is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2019. The 2025 notes will mature on March 15, 2025, unless repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date.

Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 notes will initially be convertible into 9.2978 shares of our common stock. This is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $ 107.55 per share, which is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 notes will initially be convertible into 19.3956 shares of our common stock. This is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $ 51.56 per share, which is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding June 1, 2026 for the 2026 notes and December 15, 2024 for the 2025 notes, the notes are convertible at the option of holders only upon satisfaction of the following circumstances:

• during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2020 for the 2026 notes and June 30, 2019 for the 2025 notes, if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130 % of the respective conversion price for the notes on each applicable trading day;
• during the five -business day period after any 10 consecutive trading day period (the measurement period) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98 % of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;
• if we call any or all of the notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or
• upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events described in the indentures.

On or after June 1, 2026 for the 2026 notes and December 15, 2024 for the 2025 notes until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the respective maturity dates, holders may convert their notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the notes may be settled in shares of our common stock, cash or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election.

If we undergo a fundamental change, as defined in the indentures, prior to the respective maturity dates, subject to certain conditions, holders of the notes may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their notes at a repurchase price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, if specific corporate events, described in the indentures, occur prior to the respective maturity dates, we will also increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert their notes in connection with such specified corporate events.

In September 2022, in connection with our securities repurchase program, we extinguished $ 500.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 notes in privately-negotiated transactions for $ 399.9 million, which was paid to the holders in cash. We also incurred approximately $ 1.3 million in fees resulting in total consideration of $ 401.2 million. The carrying amount of the extinguished 2026 notes was $ 494.7 million resulting in a $ 93.5 million gain on early extinguishment of debt. We elected to reacquire and not cancel the extinguished 2026 notes and left the associated capped call transactions outstanding. As of September 30, 2022, we had 9,297,800 shares remaining underlying the 2026 notes capped call transactions.
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During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the conditions allowing holders of the 2026 notes and 2025 notes to convert were not met and therefore the 2026 notes and 2025 notes are not convertible the following quarter. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we issued 2,983,011 shares of our common stock related to the redemption of our 2023 notes.

The net carrying amount of the notes is as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes
Principal $ 500,000 $ 699,979 $ 1,000,000 $ 699,982
Unamortized issuance costs ( 5,169 ) ( 7,297 ) ( 12,309 ) ( 9,518 )
Net carrying amount $ 494,831 $ 692,682 $ 987,691 $ 690,464

The following tables set forth the total interest expense recognized related to the notes (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
2026 notes:
Contractual interest expense $ — $ — $ — $ —
Amortization of issuance costs 556 663 1,863 1,970
Total 2026 notes interest expense $ 556 $ 663 $ 1,863 $ 1,970
2025 notes:
Contractual interest expense $ 220 $ 221 $ 654 $ 676
Amortization of issuance costs 749 749 2,221 2,297
Total 2025 notes interest expense $ 969 $ 970 $ 2,875 $ 2,973
2023 notes:
Contractual interest expense $ — $ — $ — $ 78
Amortization of issuance costs — — — 242
Total 2023 notes interest expense $ — $ — $ — $ 320

Capped Call Transactions

Concurrently with the offering of the 2026 notes and 2025 notes, we used $ 103.4 million and $ 97.2 million, respectively, of the net proceeds to enter into privately negotiated capped call transactions which are expected to reduce or offset potential dilution to holders of our common stock upon conversion of the notes or offset the potential cash payments we would be required to make in excess of the principal amount of any converted notes. The capped call transactions automatically exercise upon conversion of the notes and as of September 30, 2022, cover 9,297,800 and 13,576,513 shares of our common stock for the 2026 notes and 2025 notes, respectively. These are intended to effectively increase the overall conversion price from $ 107.55 to $ 156.44 per share for the 2026 notes and $ 51.56 to $ 79.32 per share for the 2025 notes. The effective increase in conversion price as a result of the capped call transactions serves to reduce potential dilution to holders of our common stock and/or offset the cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of any converted notes. As these transactions meet certain accounting criteria, they are recorded in stockholders’ equity as a reduction of additional paid-in capital on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and are not accounted for as derivatives. The fair value of the capped call instrument is not remeasured each reporting period. The cost of the capped call is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies

We may from time to time be subject to certain legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including claims of alleged infringement of trademarks, patents, copyrights, and other intellectual property rights; employment claims; and general contract or other claims. We may also, from time to time, be subject to various legal or government claims, demands, disputes, investigations, or requests for information. Such matters may include, but not be limited to, claims, disputes, or investigations related to warranty, refund, breach of contract, employment, intellectual property, government regulation, or compliance or other matters.
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On March 30, 2022, Joseph Robinson, derivatively on behalf of Chegg, filed a shareholder derivative complaint against Chegg and certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging breaches of fiduciary duties, among others (the “Robinson Matter”). The Robinson Matter has been consolidated with the Choi Matter (described below) and has been stayed on the same terms. The Company disputes these claims and intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

On January 12, 2022, Rak Joon Choi, derivatively on behalf of Chegg, filed a shareholder derivative complaint against Chegg and certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging breaches of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and waste of corporate assets, among others (the “Choi Matter”). The Company disputes these claims and intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter. On March 1, 2022, the court entered an order deeming the Choi Matter related to the Leventhal Matter (described below). On March 29, 2022, the Court entered an order staying the Choi Matter during the pendency of the Leventhal Matter.

On December 22, 2021, Steven Leventhal, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, filed a putative securities fraud class action on behalf of all purchasers of Chegg common stock between May 5, 2020 and November 1, 2021, inclusive, against Chegg and certain of its current and former officers in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Case No. 5:21-cv-09953), alleging that Chegg and several of its officers made materially false and misleading statements in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Leventhal Matter”). On September 7, 2022, Judge Edward J. Davila appointed the lead plaintiff and approved lead counsel in this matter. The parties agreed upon a scheduling for amending the complaint and motion to dismiss briefing in early 2023, and with a hearing slated for June 2023. The plaintiff in this matter seeks unspecified compensatory damages, costs, and expenses, including counsel and expert fees. The Company disputes these claims and intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

On September 13, 2021, Pearson Education, Inc. (Pearson) filed a complaint captioned Pearson Education, Inc. v. Chegg, Inc. (Pearson Complaint) in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey against the Company (Case 2:21-cv-16866), alleging infringement of Pearson’s registered copyrights and exclusive rights under copyright in violation of the United States Copyright Act. Pearson is seeking injunctive relief, monetary damages, costs, and attorneys’ fees. The Company filed its answer to the Pearson Complaint on November 19, 2021. On June 29, 2022, Pearson filed a Motion for Leave to File Amended Complaint which seeks to add Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishing Group, LLC d/b/a Macmillan Learning (“Macmillan Learning”) as a plaintiff, add an additional claim for relief on behalf of both Pearson and Macmillan Learning for copyright infringement, and add allegations regarding Pearson’s original complaint. The Company disputes these claims and intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

On June 18, 2020, we received a Civil Investigative Demand (CID) from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to determine whether we may have violated Section 5 of the FTC Act or the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), as they relate to deceptive or unfair acts or practices related to consumer privacy and/or data security. We have provided the FTC with the requested responses to interrogatories and follow-up questions and have produced documents pertaining to data breach incidents and our data security and privacy practices generally. We have agreed to enter into a Consent Order with the FTC related to consumer privacy and data security, which has been announced by the FTC but has not yet been published on the Federal Register. No COPPA provisions nor monetary fines are included in the Consent Order.

On May 12, 2020, we received notice that 15,107 arbitration demands were filed against us on April 30, 2020 by individuals all represented by the same legal counsel. Each individual claimant claimed to have suffered more than $ 25 thousand in damages as a result of the unauthorized access of certain items of their user data in April 2018. On July 1, 2020, an additional 1,007 arbitration demands were filed by the same counsel, making identical allegations. On August 12, 2020, an additional 577 arbitration demands were filed by the same counsel, making identical allegations. Related cases were filed by the same counsel in Maryland and California. We disputed that these claimants had a valid basis for seeking arbitration, asserted that they have acted in bad faith and have been working with the Maryland and California courts and plaintiffs’ counsel on resolution of these claims. The Maryland case is now closed. On August 22, 2021, Chegg and the claimants' legal counsel, on behalf of its clients, entered into a settlement agreement, pursuant to which each eligible claimant that signs a release agreement agrees, among other things, to dismiss with prejudice all claims against Chegg that such claimant currently maintains in exchange for such claimant's pro rata portion of the settlement amount. Claimants had until January 26, 2022 to sign their release agreements. As a result of the settlement, all but four petitions to compel arbitration in the California action were dismissed with prejudice.

We have not recorded any loss contingency accruals related to the above matters as we do not believe that a loss is probable in these matters. We are not aware of any other pending legal matters or claims, individually or in the aggregate, that are expected to have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, our analysis of whether a claim will proceed to litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, nor can the results of litigation be predicted with certainty. Nevertheless, defending any of these actions, regardless of the outcome, may be costly,
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time consuming, distract management personnel and have a negative effect on our business. An adverse outcome in any of these actions, including a judgment or settlement, may cause a material adverse effect on our future business, operating results and/or financial condition.

Note 10. Guarantees and Indemnifications

We have agreed to indemnify our directors and officers for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while such persons are or were serving at our request in such capacity. We may terminate the indemnification agreements with these persons upon termination of employment, but termination will not affect claims for indemnification related to events occurring prior to the effective date of termination. We have a directors’ and officers’ insurance policy that limits our potential exposure up to the limits of our insurance coverage. In addition, we also have other indemnification agreements with various vendors against certain claims, liabilities, losses, and damages. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited.

We believe the fair value of these indemnification agreements is immaterial. We have not recorded any liabilities for these agreements as of September 30, 2022.

Note 11. Stockholders' Equity

Securities Repurchase Program

In June 2022, our board of directors approved a $ 1.0 billion increase to our existing securities repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to $ 2.0 billion of our common stock and/or convertible notes, through open market purchases, block trades, and/or privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans, in compliance with applicable securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, volume, and nature of the repurchases will be determined by management based on the capital needs of the business, market conditions, applicable legal requirements, and other factors. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we repurchased $ 500.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 notes in privately-negotiated transactions for $ 399.9 million. Additionally, we repurchased 1,146,803 shares of our common stock in open market transactions for $ 23.1 million. As of September 30, 2022, we had $ 642.6 million remaining under the repurchase program, which has no expiration date and will continue until otherwise suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason by our board of directors.

Accelerated Share Repurchases

On February 22, 2022, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase (ASR) agreement with a financial institution (2022 ASR). We accounted for the 2022 ASR as two separate transactions, a repurchase of our common stock and an equity-linked contract indexed to our common stock that met certain accounting criteria for classification in stockholders' equity. Upon execution, we paid a fixed amount of $ 300.0 million and received an initial delivery of 8,562,255 shares of our common stock over the following three business days, which were retired immediately. The initial delivery of shares of our common stock represented approximately 80 percent of the fixed amount paid of $ 300.0 million, which was based on the share price of our common stock on the date of execution. The 2022 ASR was recorded as a reduction to additional paid in capital on our condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity. The 2022 ASR settled during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and we received an additional delivery of 837,001 shares of our common stock, which were retired immediately. The 2022 ASR resulted in a total repurchase of 9,399,256 shares of our common stock at a volume-weighted-average price, less an agreed upon discount, $ 31.9174 per share. We were not required to make any additional cash payments or delivery of common stock to the financial institutions upon settlement.

On December 3, 2021, we entered into an ASR agreement with a financial institution (2021 ASR) to repurchase $ 300.0 million of our outstanding common stock. The 2021 ASR settled during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and we received an additional delivery of 2,163,219 shares of our common stock.
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Share-based Compensation Expense

Total share-based compensation expense recorded for employees and non-employees is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Cost of revenues $ 653 $ 393 $ 1,945 $ 1,174
Research and development 9,172 8,917 30,954 25,976
Sales and marketing 2,771 3,051 11,176 9,625
General and administrative 21,574 12,151 54,266 39,382
Total share-based compensation expense $ 34,170 $ 24,512 $ 98,341 $ 76,157

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we capitalized share-based compensation expense of $ 0.7 million and $ 4.8 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we capitalized share-based compensation expense of $ 0.6 million and $ 1.8 million, respectively.

RSU and PSU Activity

Activity for RSUs and PSUs is as follows:
RSUs and PSUs Outstanding
Shares Outstanding Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2021 8,171,462 $ 46.36
Granted 4,570,547 28.36
Released ( 1,356,059 ) 63.12
Forfeited ( 1,612,877 ) 39.31
Balance at September 30, 2022 9,773,073 $ 36.80

As of September 30, 2022, our total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to RSUs and PSUs was approximately $ 238.0 million, which will be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2.4 years.

Note 12. Income Taxes

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded a benefit from income taxes of $ 167.3 million and $ 163.0 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded a provision for income taxes of $ 0.7 million and $ 5.8 million, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the benefit from income taxes was primarily due to the $ 174.6 million release of the valuation allowance as a discrete non-cash income tax benefit on certain U.S. and state deferred tax assets. Previously, we maintained a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets until we expected that it would be more-likely-than not that they would be realized. The release of the valuation allowance is the result of our expectation that our domestic operations will continue to be profitable and is based on a detailed evaluation of all available evidence. The principal indicator leading to the release is the recent cumulative earnings of U.S. and certain state jurisdictions and the forecasted earnings in these jurisdictions. We continue to maintain a valuation allowance against our California deferred tax assets and our anticipated capital loss temporary differences. We will continue to quarterly assess the need for such valuation allowance.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements (unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. See the section titled “Note about Forward-Looking Statements” for additional information. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

Millions of people all around the world Learn with Chegg. Our mission is to improve learning and learning outcomes by putting students first. We support life-long learners starting with their academic journey and extending into their careers. The Chegg platform provides products and services to support learners to help them better understand their academic course materials, and also provides personal and professional development skills training, to help them achieve their learning goals.

Students subscribe to our subscription services, collectively referred to as our Chegg Services, which can be accessed internationally through our websites and on mobile devices. Our primary Chegg Services include Chegg Study, Chegg Writing, Chegg Math Solver, Chegg Study Pack, Busuu, Mathway and Thinkful. Our Chegg Study subscription service provides “Expert Questions and Answers” and step-by-step “Textbook Solutions,” helping students with their course work. When students need writing help, including plagiarism detection scans and creating citations for their papers, they can use our Chegg Writing subscription service. Our Chegg Math Solver and Mathway subscription services help students understand math by providing a step-by-step math solver and calculator. We also offer our Chegg Study Pack as a premium subscription bundle of our Chegg Study, Chegg Writing, and Chegg Math Solver services, which also includes additional features such as flashcards, concept videos, practice questions and quizzes, and instructor-created materials through Uversity. Our Thinkful skills-based learning platform offers professional courses focused on the most in-demand technology skills. Required Materials includes our print textbook and eTextbook offerings, which help students save money compared to the cost of buying new. We offer an extensive print textbook library primarily for rent and also for sale through our print textbook partners.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we generated net revenues of $164.7 million and $561.7 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we generated net revenues of $171.9 million and $568.8 million, respectively.

In April 2022, we entered into definitive agreements with GT such that we will continue to offer our Required Materials offering on our website and maintain relationships with the students, however, GT has purchased our existing print textbook library and will continue to make print textbook investments and provide fulfillment logistics for print textbook transactions. We expect that we will continue to fulfill eTextbook transactions through the end of 2022, at which point GT will fulfill eTextbook transactions. We expect that our partnership with GT provides an opportunity to grow faster with higher margins. As a result of the partnership with GT, revenues from print textbook transactions will consist of a revenue share of the total transactions recognized immediately rather than the total amounts recognized ratably over the rental term, generally a two- to five-month period. Revenues from eTextbook transactions will continue to be recognized at the gross amount ratably over the customer's contractual period, generally a two- to five-month period, through the expected transition period, at which point they will be recognized as a revenue share immediately. After the transition to GT, we will no longer incur significant costs of revenue such as order fulfillment fees primarily related to shipping and fulfillment, publisher content fees for eTextbooks after transition to GT at the end of 2022, and print textbook depreciation and write off expense. We will continue to incur costs of revenue such as payment processing fees and employee related costs as well as ongoing operating expenses such as platform infrastructure maintenance and transition costs.

In January 2022, we completed our acquisition of Busuu Online S.L. (Busuu), an online language learning company that offers a comprehensive solution through a combination of self-paced lessons, live classes with expert tutors and the ability to learn and practice with members of the Busuu language learning community.

Our long-term strategy is centered upon our ability to utilize Chegg Services to increase student engagement with our learning platform. We plan to continue to invest in the expansion of our Chegg Services to provide a more compelling and personalized solution and deepen engagement with students. In addition, we believe that the investments we have made to achieve our current scale will allow us to drive increased operating margins over time that, together with increased contributions of Chegg Services, will enable us to sustain profitability and remain cash-flow positive in the long-term. Our
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ability to achieve these long-term objectives is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. These include our ability to attract, retain, and increasingly engage the student population, reduced traffic to our services, and other factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and global macroeconomic conditions, which continue to evolve and affect our business and results of operations. Further, the education industry has experienced a slowdown as a result of decreased enrollments, which have not returned to pre-pandemic levels. Employment opportunities, compensation and other factors have led to steadily decreasing enrollments. Moreover, those students who have enrolled have been taking fewer and less rigorous classes and receiving less graded assignments. As a result, we are experiencing a deceleration in the growth rates of our services and revenues that may continue. These risks and uncertainties are described in greater detail in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

We have presented revenues for our two product lines, Chegg Services and Required Materials, based on how students view us and the utilization of our products by them. More detail on our two product lines is discussed in the next two sections titled “Chegg Services” and “Required Materials.”

Chegg Services

Our Chegg Services product line for students primarily includes Chegg Study, Chegg Writing, Chegg Math Solver, Chegg Study Pack, Busuu, Mathway, and Thinkful. Students typically pay to access Chegg Services on a monthly basis. We also work with leading brands to provide students with discounts, promotions, and other products that, based on student feedback, delight them.

In the aggregate, Chegg Services revenues were 97% and 95% of net revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 85% during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Required Materials

Our Required Materials product line includes revenues from print textbooks and eTextbooks. Subsequent to April 2022, we no longer recognize operating lease income from print textbooks that we own ratable on a gross basis. In relation to print textbooks owned by GT, we recognize revenues immediately on a net basis, representing the margin earned, based on our role in the transaction as an agent as we have concluded that we do not control the use of the print textbooks, and therefore record only the net revenue share we earn. Additionally, Required Materials includes revenues from eTextbooks, which are primarily recognized ratably over the customer's contractual period, generally a two- to five-month period.

In the aggregate, Required Materials revenues were 3% and 5% of net revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 15% during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Seasonality of Our Business

Revenues from Chegg Services and eTextbooks are primarily recognized ratably over the term a student subscribes to our Chegg Services or has access to an eTextbook. This has generally resulted in our highest revenues and profitability in the fourth quarter as it reflects more days of the academic year. Certain variable expenses, such as marketing expenses, remain highest in the first and third quarters such that our profitability may not provide meaningful insight on a sequential basis. As a result of these factors, the most concentrated periods for our revenues and expenses do not necessarily coincide, and comparisons of our historical quarterly results of operations on a sequential basis may not provide meaningful insight into our overall financial performance.

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Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our historical condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands, except percentage of total net revenues):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Net revenues $ 164,739 100 % $ 171,942 100 % $ 561,704 100 % $ 568,798 100 %
Cost of revenues (1)
45,203 27 67,102 39 145,972 26 199,194 35
Gross profit 119,536 73 104,840 61 415,732 74 369,604 65
Operating expenses:
Research and development (1)
45,426 28 43,269 25 150,321 27 130,995 23
Sales and marketing (1)
31,803 19 27,239 16 109,580 20 75,139 13
General and administrative (1)
53,742 33 33,971 20 154,547 27 111,560 20
Total operating expenses 130,971 80 104,479 61 414,448 74 317,694 56
(Loss) income from operations (11,435) (7) 361 — 1,284 — 51,910 9
Total interest expense, net and other income (expense), net 95,733 58 7,037 4 100,509 18 (71,881) (13)
Income (loss) before benefit from (provision for) income taxes 84,298 51 7,398 4 101,793 18 (19,971) (4)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 167,264 102 (747) — 162,987 29 (5,793) (1)
Net income (loss) $ 251,562 153 % $ 6,651 4 % $ 264,780 47 % $ (25,764) (5) %
(1) Includes share-based compensation expense as follows:
Cost of revenues $ 653 $ 393 $ 1,945 $ 1,174
Research and development 9,172 8,917 30,954 25,976
Sales and marketing 2,771 3,051 11,176 9,625
General and administrative 21,574 12,151 54,266 39,382
Total share-based compensation expense $ 34,170 $ 24,512 $ 98,341 $ 76,157

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Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
Net Revenues

The following table sets forth our total net revenues for the periods shown for our Chegg Services and Required Materials product lines (in thousands, except percentages):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Change
2022 2021 $ %
Chegg Services $ 159,264 $ 146,790 $ 12,474 8 %
Required Materials 5,475 25,152 (19,677) (78)
Total net revenues $ 164,739 $ 171,942 $ (7,203) (4)

Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
2022 2021 $ %
Chegg Services $ 533,152 $ 482,654 $ 50,498 10 %
Required Materials 28,552 86,144 (57,592) (67)
Total net revenues $ 561,704 $ 568,798 $ (7,094) (1)

Chegg Services revenues increased $12.5 million, or 8% and $50.5 million, or 10% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same periods in 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increased global brand awareness and penetration, including our acquisition of Busuu, which closed in January 2022, and increased students subscribing to the Chegg Study Pack. Chegg Services revenues were 97% and 95% of net revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 85% of net revenues during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Required Materials revenues decreased $19.7 million, or 78% and $57.6 million or 67%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to lower revenues from print textbooks as a result of our partnership with GT beginning in April 2022 and lower unit volumes driven by decreased college enrollments. Required Materials revenues were 3% and 5% of net revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 15% of net revenues during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

As a result of our partnership with GT, we expect Required Material revenues to continue to decrease throughout 2022 due to recognizing a revenue share of the total transaction amount rather than the total transaction amount.
Cost of Revenues

The following table sets forth our cost of revenues for the periods shown (in thousands, except percentages):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Change
2022 2021 $ %
Cost of revenues (1)
$ 45,203 $ 67,102 $ (21,899) (33) %
(1) Includes share-based compensation expense of:
$ 653 $ 393 $ 260 66 %

Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
2022 2021 $ %
Cost of revenues (1)
$ 145,972 $ 199,194 $ (53,222) (27) %
(1) Includes share-based compensation expense of:
$ 1,945 $ 1,174 $ 771 66 %

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As a result of our partnership with GT, cost of revenues decreased due to lower order fulfillment fees, net change in the gain on textbook library, lower print textbook depreciation expense, and lower cost of textbooks purchased by students. We expect cost of revenues to continue to decrease throughout 2022 and gross margins to improve as we continue the partnership.

Cost of revenues decreased $21.9 million, or 33%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower order fulfillment fees of $11.7 million driven by lower unit volumes, lower cost of textbooks purchased by students of $5.6 million, net change in the gain on textbook library of $4.5 million, lower transitional logistic charges of $2.7 million, and lower print textbook depreciation expense of $2.4 million, partially offset by higher other depreciation and amortization expense of $4.0 million, and incremental cost of tutors, as a result of our acquisition of Busuu, of $2.0 million. Gross margins increased to 73% during the three months ended September 30, 2022, from 61% during the same period in 2021.

Cost of revenues decreased $53.2 million, or 27%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower order fulfillment fees of $33.8 million driven by lower unit volumes, net change in the gain on textbook library of $13.7 million, driven by the sale of print textbooks to GT in April 2022 and lower write-downs, lower cost of textbooks purchased by students of $10.6 million, lower print textbook depreciation expense of $7.4 million, lower transitional logistic charges of $5.4 million, lower customer support fees of $1.6 million, partially offset by higher other depreciation and amortization expense of $11.6 million, incremental cost of tutors, as a result of our acquisition of Busuu, of $6.7 million and higher web hosting fees of $2.1 million. Gross margins increased to 74% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from 65% during the same period in 2021.


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Operating Expenses

The following table sets forth our total operating expenses for the periods shown (in thousands, except percentages):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Change
2022 2021 $ %
Research and development (1)
$ 45,426 $ 43,269 $ 2,157 5 %
Sales and marketing (1)
31,803 27,239 4,564 17
General and administrative (1)
53,742 33,971 19,771 58
Total operating expenses $ 130,971 $ 104,479 $ 26,492 25 %
(1) Includes share-based compensation expense of:
Research and development $ 9,172 $ 8,917 $ 255 3 %
Sales and marketing 2,771 3,051 (280) (9)
General and administrative 21,574 12,151 9,423 78
Share-based compensation expense $ 33,517 $ 24,119 $ 9,398 39 %

Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
2022 2021 $ %
Research and development (1)
$ 150,321 $ 130,995 $ 19,326 15 %
Sales and marketing (1)
109,580 75,139 34,441 46
General and administrative (1)
154,547 111,560 42,987 39
Total operating expenses $ 414,448 $ 317,694 $ 96,754 30 %
(1) Includes share-based compensation expense of:
Research and development $ 30,954 $ 25,976 $ 4,978 19 %
Sales and marketing 11,176 9,625 1,551 16
General and administrative 54,266 39,382 14,884 38
Share-based compensation expense $ 96,396 $ 74,983 $ 21,413 29 %

The increases in employee-related operating expenses noted below during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same periods in 2021, are largely driven by incremental employees from our acquisition of Busuu.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased $2.2 million, or 5%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to higher employee-related expenses, including share-based compensation expense, of $3.2 million. Research and development expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 28% during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 25% during the same period in 2021.

Research and development expenses increased $19.3 million, or 15%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to higher employee-related expenses, including share-based compensation expense, of $13.7 million and higher technology expenses to support our research and development of $5.3 million. Research and development expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 27% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 23% during the same period in 2021.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $4.6 million, or 17%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to higher other depreciation and amortization expense of $2.5 million and higher employee-related expenses, including share-based compensation expense, of $2.1 million. Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 19% during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 16% during the same period in 2021.

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Sales and marketing expenses increased by $34.4 million, or 46%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to increased international marketing spend, including incremental marketing spend from Busuu, of $15.7 million, higher employee-related expenses, including share-based compensation expense, of $8.1 million, and higher other depreciation and amortization expense of $7.3 million. Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 20% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 13% during the same period in 2021.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses increased $19.8 million, or 58%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher employee-related expenses, including share-based compensation expense, of $15.7 million, and higher professional fees of $2.1 million. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 33% during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 20% during the same period in 2021.

General and administrative expenses increased $43.0 million, or 39%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher employee-related expenses, including share-based compensation expense, of $31.7 million, higher professional fees of $5.1 million, and an impairment of lease related assets of $3.4 million. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 27% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 20% during the same period in 2021.

Interest Expense and Other Income (Expense), Net

The following table sets forth our interest expense and other income (expense), net, for the periods shown (in thousands, except percentages):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Change
2022 2021 $ %
Interest expense, net $ (1,525) $ (1,633) $ 108 (7) %
Other income (expense), net 97,258 8,670 88,588 n/m
Total interest expense, net and other income (expense), net $ 95,733 $ 7,037 $ 88,696 n/m
Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
2022 2021 $ %
Interest expense, net $ (4,738) $ (5,263) $ 525 (10) %
Other income (expense), net 105,247 (66,618) 171,865 n/m
Total interest expense, net and other income (expense), net $ 100,509 $ (71,881) $ 172,390 n/m
______________________________________
*n/m - not meaningful

Interest expense, net remained relatively flat during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, and decreased $0.5 million, or 10%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, primary due to the full redemption of the 2023 notes in 2021.

Other income (expense), net increased $88.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to the $93.5 million gain on early extinguishment of a portion of the 2026 notes and $2.3 million increase in interest income partially offset by the absence of the $7.2 million gain on the sale of the strategic equity investment. Other income (expense), net increased $171.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to the $93.5 million gain on early extinguishment of a portion of the 2026 notes, the absence of the $78.2 million loss on early extinguishment of debt of a portion of the 2025 notes, the $7.1 million net loss on the change in fair value of derivative instruments, the $4.6 million gain on foreign currency remeasurement of purchase consideration related to our acquisition of Busuu, and $1.9 million increase in interest income partially offset by the absence of the $12.5 million gain on the sale of the strategic equity investments.

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Benefit from (Provision for) Income Taxes

The following tables set forth our benefit from (provision for) income taxes for the periods shown (in thousands, except percentages):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Change
2022 2021 $ %
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes $ 167,264 $ (747) $ 168,011 n/m
Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
2022 2021 $ %
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes $ 162,987 $ (5,793) $ 168,780 n/m
______________________________________
*n/m - not meaningful

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes decreased $168.0 million and $168.8 million, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021 primarily due to the release of the valuation allowance against a substantial amount of our U.S. and certain state jurisdictions deferred tax assets. See Note 12, “Income Taxes,” of our accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements (unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2022, our principal sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents, and investments totaling $1.2 billion, which were held for working capital purposes. The substantial majority of our net revenues are from e-commerce transactions with students, which are settled immediately through payment processors, as opposed to our accounts payable, which are settled based on contractual payment terms with our suppliers.

In June 2022, our board of directors approved a $1.0 billion increase to our existing securities repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to $2.0 billion of our common stock and/or convertible notes, through open market purchases, block trades, and/or privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans, in compliance with applicable securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, volume, and nature of the repurchases will be determined by management based on the capital needs of the business, market conditions, applicable legal requirements, and other factors. We've entered into accelerated share repurchase programs to repurchase 19,965,836 shares of our common stock for $600.0 million and open market repurchases of 1,146,803 shares of our common stock for $23.1 million. Additionally, we've repurchased $500.0 million principal amount of the 2026 notes, $100.0 million principal amount of the 2025 notes, and $57.4 million principal amount of the 2023 notes in privately-negotiated transactions for aggregate consideration of $734.4 million. As of September 30, 2022, we had $642.6 million remaining under the repurchase program, which has no expiration date and will continue until otherwise suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason by our board of directors.

In February 2021, we completed an equity offering in which we raised net proceeds of $1,091.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses (2021 equity offering). In August 2020 and March/April 2019, we closed offerings of our 2026 notes and 2025 notes, generating net proceeds of approximately $984.1 million and $780.2 million, respectively, in each case after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The 2026 notes and 2025 notes mature on September 1, 2026 and March 15, 2025, respectively, unless converted, redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such dates.

As of September 30, 2022, we have incurred cumulative losses of $72.4 million from our operations and we may incur additional losses in the future. Our operations have been financed primarily by our initial public offering of our common stock (IPO), our 2017 follow-on public offering, our convertible senior notes offerings, our 2021 equity offering, and cash generated from operations.

Aside from the repurchased $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 notes, there were no material changes in our commitments under contractual obligations, as disclosed in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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We believe that our existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund our operations and debt service obligations for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, our investments in research and development activities, our acquisition of new products and services, and our sales and marketing activities. To the extent that existing cash and cash from operations are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing. Additional funds may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, or at all, we may be unable to adequately fund our business plans and it could have a negative effect on our business, operating cash flows and financial condition.

Most of our cash, cash equivalents, and investments are held in the United States. As of September 30, 2022, our foreign subsidiaries held an insignificant amount of cash in foreign jurisdictions. We currently do not intend or foresee a need to repatriate these foreign funds; however, as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, we anticipate the U.S. federal impact to be minimal if these foreign funds are repatriated. In addition, based on our current and future needs, we believe our current funding and capital resources for our international operations are adequate.

The following table sets forth our cash flows (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Data:
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 181,716 $ 208,123
Net cash used in investing activities (237,775) (742,537)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (732,949) 768,299

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $181.7 million. Our net income of $264.8 million was increased by significant non-cash operating expenses including share-based compensation expense of $98.3 million and other depreciation and amortization expense of $64.3 million, partially offset by the gain on early extinguishment of debt of $93.5 million and the tax benefit related to release of valuation allowance of $174.6 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $208.1 million. Our net loss of $25.8 million was offset by significant non-cash operating expenses including the loss on early extinguishment of debt of $78.2 million, share-based compensation expense of $76.2 million, other depreciation and amortization expense of $46.3 million, print textbook depreciation expense of $9.0 million, the net loss on textbook library of $8.8 million, which was primarily due to increased write-downs, the net loss on the change in fair value of derivative instruments of $7.1 million, operating lease expense, net of accretion of $4.5 million, and amortization of debt issuance costs of $4.5 million, partially offset by the gain on sale of our strategic equity investments of $12.5 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $237.8 million and was related to the acquisition of a business of $401.1 million, the purchases of investments of $534.0 million, the purchases of property and equipment of $79.2 million and the purchase of a strategic equity investment of $6.0 million, partially offset by the maturities of investments of $783.9 million.

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $742.5 million and was related to the purchases of investments of $1,574.1 million, the purchases of property and equipment of $67.1 million, the purchases of textbooks of $10.7 million and the acquisition of a business of $7.9 million, partially offset by the maturity of investments of $893.3 million, proceeds from the sale of our strategic equity investments of $16.1 million, and proceeds from the disposition of textbooks of $7.8 million.

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Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $732.9 million and was primarily related to the repayment of a portion of our 2026 notes of $401.2 million, repurchases of common stock of $323.5 million and payment of $12.8 million in taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock plans of $4.6 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $768.3 million and was related to the net proceeds from our equity offering of $1,091.5 million, proceeds from 2023 notes and 2025 notes capped call instruments of $69.0 million, and proceeds from the issuance of common stock under stock plans of $5.4 million, partially offset by the repayment of a portion of our 2023 notes and 2025 notes of $300.8 million, payment of $89.3 million in taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards and payment of escrow related to an acquisition of $7.5 million.

Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses and related disclosures. These estimates form the basis for judgments we make about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities, which are not readily apparent from other sources. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. The current COVID-19 pandemic has caused uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. We are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require updates to our estimates or judgments or require us to revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Aside from the release of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets as described in Note 12, “Income Taxes,” of our accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements (Unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For relevant recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 1, “Background and Basis of Presentation,” of our accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements (unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no other material changes in our market risk during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the disclosures in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Based on management’s evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to, and are effective to, provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We continue to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and, despite many of our employees working remotely, have not experienced any changes that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We may from time to time be subject to certain legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including claims of alleged infringement of trademarks, patents, copyrights, and other intellectual property rights; employment claims; and general contract or other claims. We may also, from time to time, be subject to various legal or government claims, demands, disputes, investigations, or requests for information. Such matters may include, but not be limited to, claims, disputes, or investigations related to warranty, refund, breach of contract, employment, intellectual property, government regulation, or compliance or other matters. See Note 9, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of our accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements (unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our common stock. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Unregistered Sales of Securities

We had no unregistered sales of our securities during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Purchases of Securities by the Registrant and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table summarizes the securities repurchase activity during the three months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands, except average price paid per security and total number of securities repurchased):
Period
Total Number of Securities Repurchased (2)
Average Price Paid Per Security
Total Number of Securities Purchased Pursuant to Publicly-Announced Plan
Total Dollar Amount Purchased Pursuant to Publicly-Announced Plan
Maximum Dollar Amount Remaining Available for Repurchase Pursuant to Publicly-Announced Plan
July 1 - July 31
— — 1,065,491
August 1 - August 31 — — — — 1,065,491
September 1 - September 30 (1)
1,146,803 20.1032 1,146,803 23,054 642,564
(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2022, in addition to the $23.1 million repurchase of shares of our common stock, we also repurchased $399.9 million of the 2026 notes in privately-negotiated transactions resulting in total securities repurchases of $422.9 million. See Note 8, “Convertible Senior Notes” and Note 11, “Stockholders' Equity,” of our accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements (Unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on the securities repurchase program and the repurchase of the 2026 notes.
(2) In June 2022, our board of directors approved a $1.0 billion increase to our existing securities repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to $2.0 billion of our common stock and/or convertible notes, through open market purchases, block trades, and/or privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans, in compliance with applicable securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, volume, and nature of the repurchases will be determined by management based on the capital needs of the business, market conditions, applicable legal requirements, and other factors. The repurchase program has no expiration date and will continue until otherwise suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason by our board of directors.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit
No. 		Exhibit Form File No Filing Date Exhibit No. Filed
Herewith
X
X
X
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document X
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema X
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation X
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels X
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation X
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition X
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). X
** This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
CHEGG, INC.
November 1, 2022 By: /S/ ANDREW BROWN
Andrew Brown
Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
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