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QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended
June 30,
2025
☐
TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER
001-35558
CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
(Exact Name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
27-2004382
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
11055 Flintkote Avenue
,
San Diego
,
California
92121
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(
858
)
952-7570
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Title of each class:
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock
CRDF
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes
☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes
☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer
☒
Smaller reporting company
☒
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No
☒
As of July 22, 2025
, the issuer had
66,525,854
shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion
464
813
Total Liabilities
17,133
14,241
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $
0.001
par value,
20,000
shares
authorized;
277
designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock;
61
shares outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
with liquidation preference of $
1,105
and $
1,092
at
June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively
—
—
Common stock, $
0.0001
par value,
150,000
shares authorized;
66,526
and
66,524
shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025
and December 31, 2024, respectively
7
7
Additional paid-in capital
470,138
467,087
Accumulated other comprehensive gain
17
34
Accumulated deficit
(
411,556
)
(
384,179
)
Total stockholders’ equity
58,606
82,949
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
75,739
$
97,190
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.
Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (“Cardiff Oncology” or the “Company”) headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage biotechnology company leveraging Polo-like Kinase 1 (“PLK1”) inhibition, to develop novel therapies across a range of cancers. The Company’s lead asset is onvansertib, a PLK1 inhibitor that is being evaluated in combination with standard-of-care ("SoC") therapeutics in clinical programs targeting indications such as RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (“mCRC”), as well as investigator-initiated trials in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (“mPDAC”), small cell lung cancer (“SCLC”), and metastatic triple negative breast cancer (“mTNBC”). These programs and the Company’s broader development strategy are designed to target tumor vulnerabilities in order to overcome treatment resistance and deliver superior clinical benefit compared to SoC alone. The Company's common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol "CRDF".
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements of Cardiff Oncology have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to a quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited interim condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The unaudited condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2024, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The operating results presented in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025.
Liquidity
The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had
$
71.0
million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and believes it has sufficient cash to meet its funding requirements for at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of these financial statements.
For the foreseeable future, the Company expects to continue to incur losses and require additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience additional dilution.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
Segment Reporting
The Company operates in
one
business segment in the United States, which includes all activities related to the development of novel therapies across a range of cancers. The Company's chief operating decision-maker is its chief executive officer. The chief operating decision-maker allocates resources based on available cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. The primary measure of performance reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker is net loss which is compared to the annual budget and quarterly forecasts.
All financial information required for segment reporting that is provided to the chief operating decision-maker is contained within the financial statements and notes to financial statements, with the exception of the disaggregated amounts contained in the table below:
Clinical trials, outside services, and lab supplies
8,306
6,950
15,803
12,202
Facilities and other
468
432
964
931
Total research and development
$
11,580
$
9,493
$
22,057
$
17,501
Selling, general and administrative:
Salaries and staff costs
$
849
$
807
$
1,775
$
1,714
Stock-based compensation
1,011
782
1,861
1,517
Outside services and professional fees
1,062
1,167
2,860
2,150
Facilities and other
396
459
836
964
Total selling, general and administrative
$
3,318
$
3,215
$
7,332
$
6,345
Net Loss Per Share
Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in net loss attributable to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.
The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:
June 30,
2025
2024
Options to purchase Common Stock
11,701,432
8,351,122
Warrants to purchase Common Stock
2,787,714
2,807,353
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
877
877
14,490,023
11,159,352
Investment Securities
Investment transactions are recorded on the trade date, and purchases of investments that are settled after the balance sheet date are included in accrued liabilities. All investments have been classified as “available-for-sale” and are carried at fair value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing models for similar securities at period end. Investments with contractual maturities less than 12 months at the balance sheet date are considered short-term investments. Investments with contractual maturities beyond one year are also classified as short-term due to the Company’s ability to liquidate the investment for use in operations within the next 12 months.
Realized gains and losses on investment securities are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. The Company has not realized any significant gains or losses on sales of available-for-sale investment securities during any of the periods presented. As all the Company’s investment holdings are in the form of debt securities or certificates of deposit, unrealized gains and losses that are determined to be temporary in nature are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. A decline in the fair value of any security below cost that is deemed other than temporary results in a charge to earnings and the establishment of a new cost basis for the security. Interest income is recognized when earned and is included in interest income, net, as are the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts on investment securities.
Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for public entities with annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and for private businesses for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its financial statement disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures.” The update requires disclosure of specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. The update requires disaggregated information about certain prescribed expense categories underlying any relevant income statement expense caption. The amendments in this update are effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The amendments may be adopted either prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted.
The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its financial statement disclosures.
3
. Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of
June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024:
Fair Value Measurements at
June 30, 2025
(in thousands)
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Assets:
Money market fund
$
9,072
$
—
$
—
$
9,072
U.S. treasury securities
1,615
—
—
1,615
Total included in cash and cash equivalents
10,687
—
—
10,687
Available for sale investments:
Corporate debt securities
—
35,769
—
35,769
Commercial paper
—
389
—
389
U.S. government agencies
—
4,614
—
4,614
U.S. treasury securities
19,401
—
—
19,401
Total available for sale investments
19,401
40,772
—
60,173
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
30,088
$
40,772
$
—
$
70,860
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2024
(in thousands)
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Assets:
Money market fund
$
50,499
$
—
$
—
$
50,499
U.S. treasury securities
393
—
—
393
Total included in cash and cash equivalents
50,892
—
—
50,892
Available for sale investments:
Corporate debt securities
—
23,489
—
23,489
Commercial paper
—
313
—
313
U.S. treasury securities
16,474
—
—
16,474
Total available for sale investments
16,474
23,802
—
40,276
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
67,366
$
23,802
$
—
$
91,168
The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 during the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024
.
Investments available for sale consisted of the following:
As of June 30, 2025
(in thousands)
Amortized Cost
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair Market Value
Maturity less than 1 year:
Corporate debt securities
$
29,706
$
14
$
(
12
)
$
29,708
Commercial paper
389
—
—
389
U.S. government agencies
2,086
—
—
2,086
U.S. treasury securities
18,204
—
(
6
)
18,198
Total maturity less than 1 year
50,385
14
(
18
)
50,381
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Corporate debt securities
6,044
18
(
1
)
6,061
U.S. government agencies
2,529
1
(
2
)
2,528
U.S. treasury securities
1,198
5
—
1,203
Total maturity 1 to 2 years
9,771
24
(
3
)
9,792
Total short-term investments
$
60,156
$
38
$
(
21
)
$
60,173
As of December 31, 2024
(in thousands)
Amortized Cost
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair Market Value
Maturity less than 1 year:
Corporate debt securities
$
17,192
$
27
$
(
1
)
$
17,218
Commercial paper
312
1
—
313
U.S. treasury securities
16,475
3
(
4
)
16,474
Total maturity less than 1 year
33,979
31
(
5
)
34,005
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Corporate debt securities
6,263
11
(
3
)
6,271
Total maturity 1 to 2 years
6,263
11
(
3
)
6,271
Total short-term investments
$
40,242
$
42
$
(
8
)
$
40,276
We periodically review our portfolio of debt securities to determine if any investment is impaired due to credit loss or other potential valuation concerns. For debt securities where the fair value of the investment is less than the amortized cost basis, we have assessed at the individual security level for various quantitative factors including, but not limited to, the nature of the investments, changes in credit ratings, interest rate fluctuations, industry analyst reports, and the severity of impairment. Unrealized losses in investments available for sale debt securities at June 30, 2025, were substantially due to changes in interest rates, not due to increased credit risks associated with specific securities. Accordingly, we have not recorded an allowance for credit losses. It is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity.
There were
no
unrealized loss positions greater than one year as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Property and equipment consisted of the following:
(in thousands)
As of June 30,
2025
As of December 31,
2024
Furniture and office equipment
$
1,053
$
1,053
Leasehold improvements
2,568
2,568
Laboratory equipment
1,446
1,414
Property and equipment, gross
5,067
5,035
Less—accumulated depreciation
(
4,324
)
(
4,137
)
Property and equipment, net
$
743
$
898
Depreciation expense for property and equipment
recognized in operating results are as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2025
2024
2025
2024
Total depreciation expense
$
94
$
105
$
187
$
207
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:
(in thousands)
As of June 30,
2025
As of December 31,
2024
Clinical trials
$
7,125
$
4,443
Accrued compensation
2,245
2,746
Research agreements and services
365
478
Other accrued liabilities
203
230
Total accrued liabilities
$
9,938
$
7,897
5. Stockholders’ Equity
Stock Options
Stock-based compensation expense related to Cardiff Oncology equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2025
2024
2025
2024
Included in research and development expense
$
672
$
397
$
1,187
$
786
Included in selling, general and administrative
expense
1,011
782
1,861
1,517
Total stock-based compensation expense
$
1,683
$
1,179
$
3,048
$
2,303
The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at June 30, 2025, net of estimated forfeitures, was
$
13.7
million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of
3.0
years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of outstanding options as of June 30, 2025, was approximately
7.8
years. The total fair value of stock options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, were
$
3.7
million and
$
2.7
million, respectively.
The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions during the following periods indicated:
Six Months Ended June 30,
2025
2024
Risk-free interest rate
4.06
%
4.06
%
Dividend yield
0
%
0
%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock
106
%
106
%
Expected term
6.2
years
5.8
years
A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:
Total Options
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
Intrinsic
Value
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2024
8,334,765
$
3.88
$
11,668,989
Granted
3,368,632
$
3.59
Exercised
(
1,672
)
$
1.72
Forfeited and expired
(
293
)
$
600.39
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2025
11,701,432
$
3.78
$
4,762,925
Exercisable at June 30, 2025
6,031,484
$
4.25
$
3,392,492
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2025
11,421,239
$
3.80
$
4,669,472
2021 Equity Incentive Plan
In June 2021, the Company's stockholders approved the 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan ("2021 Plan"). As of June 30, 2025
the number of authorized shares in the 2021 Plan is equal to the sum of (i)
12,150,000
shares, plus (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock reserved, but unissued under the 2014 Plan; and (iii) the number of shares of Common Stock underlying forfeited awards under the 2014 Plan. As of
June 30, 2025
, there were
4,425,413
shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan.
2014 Equity Incentive Plan
Subsequent to the adoption of the 2021 Plan, no additional equity awards can be made under the terms of the 2014 Plan.
Inducement Grants
The Company issues equity awards to certain new employees as inducement grants outside of its 2021 Plan. As of June 30, 2025, an aggregate of
2,015,288
shares were issuable upon the exercise of inducement grant stock options approved by the Company.
Warrants
A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, classified as equity is presented below:
Total Warrants
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2024
2,807,353
$
2.40
0.9
years
Expired
(
19,639
)
$
2.27
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2025
2,787,714
$
2.40
0.5
years
6. Commitments and Contingencies
Executive Agreements
Certain executive agreements provide for severance payments in case of terminations without cause or certain change of control scenarios.
In March 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano which granted the Company development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which Cardiff Oncology refers to as onvansertib. Terms of the agreement also provide for the Company to pay development and commercial milestones, and royalties based on sales volume. These potential development milestones include: (a) dosing of the first subject in the first Phase III Clinical Trial for the first Product, a registration enabling Phase II Clinical Trial, or after completion of a Phase II Clinical Trial that is used as the basis for an NDA submission; and (b) upon filing of the first NDA or equivalent for the first product candidate. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024
,
no
milestone or royalty payments were made.
The Company is a party to various agreements under which it licenses technology on an exclusive basis in the field of oncology therapeutics. These agreements include License fees, Royalties and Milestone payments. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, payments have not been material. The Company also has a legacy license agreement in the field of oncology diagnostics under which royalty payments are due to the Company. These royalty payments are calculated as a percent of revenue.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. As of the date of this report, management believes that there are no claims against the Company, which could result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AN
D ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding the future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions.
In addition, our business and financial performance may be affected by the factors that are discussed under “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed on February 27, 2025. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.
The following discussion and analysis is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information set forth in the financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future. Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management.
Overview
We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company leveraging PLK1 inhibition, a well-validated oncology drug target, to develop novel therapies across a range of cancers with the greatest unmet medical need. Our goal is to target tumor vulnerabilities with treatment combinations of onvansertib, our oral and highly selective PLK1 inhibitor, and standard-of-care ("SoC") therapeutics. We are focusing our clinical program in indications such as RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer ("mCRC"), as well as in investigator-initiated trials in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ("mPDAC"), small cell lung cancer ("SCLC"), and metastatic triple negative breast cancer ("mTNBC"). Our clinical development programs incorporate tumor genomics and biomarker assays to refine assessment of patient response to treatment.
Our Lead Drug Candidate, Onvansertib
Onvansertib is an oral, small molecule drug candidate that is highly specific for PLK1 inhibition with a 24-hour half-life.
We believe the attributes of onvansertib described below, as well as early clinical evidence of favorable safety and efficacy, with expected on-target, manageable and tolerable side effects, may prove beneficial in addressing clinical therapeutic needs across a variety of cancers:
•
Onvansertib is highly potent and highly selective against the PLK1 enzyme (IC
50
= 2nM; IC
50
is the concentration for 50% inhibition), compared to prior PLK1 inhibitors that were pan-inhibitors of several PLK targets. Low or no activity of onvansertib was observed on a panel of 63 kinases (IC50>500 nM), including the PLK members PLK2 and PLK3 (IC
50
>10,000 nM);
•
Onvansertib is orally bioavailable, allowing for relative ease and flexibility of dosing;
•
Onvansertib has a relatively short drug half-life of 24 hours, allowing for flexible dosing and scheduling that has demonstrated a favorable safety profile across multiple clinical trials.
In vitro
studies have shown synergistic effects when onvansertib was administered in combination with different cytotoxic agents including microtubule-targeting agents, topoisomerase 1 inhibitors, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, proteasome inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, and androgen biosynthesis inhibitors.
In addition,
in vivo
combination studies have confirmed the positive results obtained
in vitro
and additive or synergistic effects on efficacy have been observed in xenograft models of onvansertib in combination with irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil ("5-FU"), abiraterone, PARP inhibitors, venetoclax, paclitaxel, or bevacizumab. Combining onvansertib with SoC cancer agents may provide opportunities for synergy with many cancer therapies.
There are several ongoing clinical trials of onvansertib in multiple indications: one trial (CRDF-004) in first-line treatment in patients with RAS-mutated mCRC, and investigator-initiated trials in first-line mPDAC, relapsed SCLC and unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC.
RAS-mutated mCRC Program:
CRDF-004 Randomized Clinical Trial in First-Line RAS-mutated mCRC
CRDF-004 is a Phase 2 open-label, randomized multi-center clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with SoC FOLFIRI and bevacizumab or SoC FOLFOX and bevacizumab for the first-line treatment of patients with RAS-mutated mCRC. The primary objectives of the CRDF-004 trial are to evaluate onvansertib’s safety and efficacy in combination with the SoC, as well as to evaluate two doses of onvansertib, 20mg and 30mg, given in combination with SoC, against SoC alone. The primary endpoint of the trial is objective response rate ("ORR"). Progression-free survival and duration of response will be secondary endpoints. This trial is conducted in partnership with Pfizer Ignite, an end-to-end service for biotech companies. Enrollment of approximately 90 evaluable patients was completed in April 2025. For more information, please visit NCT06106308 at
www.clinicialtrials.gov
.
Contingent upon the results of CRDF-004, we plan to initiate CRDF-005, a Phase 3, randomized trial with registrational intent. The FDA has agreed that a seamless trial with an interim endpoint of ORR, with duration of response, is acceptable to pursue accelerated approval, with progression-free survival and lack of detriment on overall survival being the endpoints for full approval.
Data presented on December 10, 2024 provided initial results from the ongoing CRDF-004 Phase 2 randomized clinical trial in first-line RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer. ORR, as of the data cut-off date of November 26, 2024, are shown below.
Control Arm (SoC alone)
20mg dose of onvansertib + SoC
30mg dose of onvansertib + SoC
All onvansertib patients
33% ORR
(3 of 9)
50% ORR
(5 of 10)
64% ORR
(7 of 11)
57% ORR
(12 of 21)
Note: Radiographic response determined per RECIST 1.1 by blinded independent central review from an ongoing trial and unlocked database.
Onvansertib in combination with chemo/bevacizumab was well-tolerated and there have been no major or unexpected toxicities observed.
Phase 1b/2 Clinical Trial in Second-Line KRAS-mutated mCRC
TROV-054, a Phase 1b/2 open-label multi-center clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with SoC FOLFIRI and bevacizumab for the second-line treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated mCRC, completed enrollment in October 2022.
The primary objectives of this trial were to evaluate the Dose-Limiting Toxicities ("DLTs"), maximum tolerated dose ("MTD") and recommended Phase 2 dose ("RP2D") of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (Phase 1b) and to continue to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab patients with KRAS-mutated mCRC (Phase 2). For more information, please visit NCT03829410 at
www.clinicialtrials.gov
.
On August 7, 2023, we presented data from the TROV-054 Phase 1b/2 single arm clinical trial in KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer:
•
ORR across all evaluable patients was 29%, with 19 of 66 evaluable patients achieving an objective response. Responses have been observed across multiple KRAS variants;
•
Median duration of response ("mDoR") across all evaluable patients was 12.0 months (95% confidence interval ("CI"): 8.9 – not reached);
Median progression free survival ("mPFS") across all evaluable patients was 9.3 months (95% CI: 7.8 – 14). Historical control trials of different drug combinations, including the SoC of FOLFIRI with bevacizumab, in similar patient populations have shown ORR and mPFS of 5 – 13% and ~4.5 – 6.7 months, respectively;
•
A subgroup analysis of patients who were bevacizumab naïve when they entered second-line therapy vs. patients who had received prior bevacizumab in first-line therapy showed that patients who were bevacizumab naïve (n=15) had an ORR of 73% and mPFS of 15 months, which is well above historical controls. In contrast, patients previously treated with bevacizumab (n=51) had an ORR of 16% and mPFS of 7.8 months;
•
Data on Treatment Emergent Adverse Events ("TEAEs") on the trial showed that onvansertib is well-tolerated when used in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab. The more severe, grade 4 TEAEs are either neutropenia or leukopenia, which are common events in patients treated with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab. None of the patients with grade 4 TEAEs discontinued treatment due to their condition and all resolved without issue. There were no major or unexpected toxicities seen in the trial;
•
Data from the Phase 1b portion of this trial was published in the peer-reviewed journal Clinical Cancer Research, February 6, 2024 edition;
•
Data from the Phase 2 portion of this trial was published online in the peer-reviewed journal of Clinical Oncology on October 30, 2024.
mPDAC Program:
Phase 1b/2 Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial in First-Line mPDAC
In February 2024, the FDA approved NALIRIFOX as a first-line treatment option for mPDAC. As a result, we are currently supporting an investigator-initiated mPDAC Phase 1b/2 trial of onvansertib in combination with first-line SoC NALIRIFOX, which is now open for enrollment at the University of Kansas Medical Center. The trial replaced a previously planned two-cohort, non-randomized Phase 2 trial of onvansertib in combination with first-line SoC Gemzar
®
and Abraxane
®
. For more information, please visit NCT06736717 at
www.clinicaltrials.gov.
The primary objective in this study is to determine anti-tumor activity by measuring Overall Response Rate (ORR). The secondary objectives are to determine treatment safety based on toxicities in participants who have received at least one dose of onvansertib, to determine anti-tumor activity by Progression Free Survival (PFS), to determine anti-tumor activity by Disease Control Rate (DCR), to determine Overall Survival (OS).
Other Clinical Programs:
Phase 2 Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial in SCLC
A single-arm, two-stage, Phase 2 trial of onvansertib monotherapy in patients with relapsed SCLC is open for enrollment at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. The trial is designed to enroll 15 patients in Stage 1, with the study proceeding to Stage 2 if 2 or more Stage 1 patients achieve an objective response. Stage 2 is designed to enroll an additional 20 patients. The primary endpoint of the trial is ORR, while key secondary endpoints include PFS and overall survival. For more information, please visit NCT05450965 at
www.clinicialtrials.gov
.
An examination of the safety data from the first six patients by the institutional review board confirmed the trial can continue to enroll as planned. Preliminary efficacy data for seven patients presented on September 26, 2023, showed one confirmed partial response (“PR”), three stable disease (“SD”) and three progressive disease (“PD”). The disease control rate (“DCR”), including PR and SD, is 57% (4 of 7 patients).
Phase 1b Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial in mTNBC
A single-arm, Phase 1b trial of onvansertib in combination with paclitaxel in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC at Dana Farber Cancer Institute ("DFCI") has completed enrollment. The trial was designed to treat approximately 14-16 patients with different doses of onvansertib in combination with a fixed dose of paclitaxel to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the safety and efficacy of onvansertib in combination with paclitaxel.
In June 2025, the investigator presented positive data from this trial at ASCO:
•
Patients enrolled in the trial received a median of 3 prior lines of chemotherapy.
Onvansertib in combination with paclitaxel demonstrated 40% objective response rate by RECIST 1.1 at RP2D of 18mg/m2 (n=10), with two confirmed partial responses and two unconfirmed partial responses.
•
The combination of onvansertib and paclitaxel was well-tolerated and demonstrated a safe and manageable toxicity profile with myelosuppression being the most common adverse event.
•
Collectively, this clinical data further supports the potential exploration of the combination of onvansertib plus paclitaxel for the treatment of mTNBC.
For more information, please visit NCT05383196 at
www.clinicialtrials.gov
.
Recent Updates
Appointment of Chief Medical Officer
On June 17, 2025, we announced the appointment of Roger Sidhu, M.D., as our Chief Medical Officer.
Intellectual Property Update
On April 23, 2025, we announced a second patent issuance from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for the treatment of mCRC for bev-naïve patients. U.S. patent No. 12,263,173 has an expected expiration date of no earlier than 2043. The claims of the patent cover the method of using onvansertib in combination with bevacizumab (bev) in any line of therapy for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who have not previously been treated with bev.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our accounting policies are described in ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025. There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2024.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
Revenues
Total revenues were $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to $0.2 million for the prior period. Revenues are from our sales-based or usage-based royalties on other intellectual property licenses, unrelated to onvansertib. Revenue recognition of the royalty depends on the timing and overall sales activities of the licensees.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consisted of the following:
Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2025
2024
Increase
Salaries and staff costs
$
2,134
$
1,714
$
420
Stock-based compensation
672
397
275
Clinical trials, outside services, and lab supplies
8,306
6,950
1,356
Facilities and other
468
432
36
Total research and development
$
11,580
$
9,493
$
2,087
Research and development expenses increased by $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. The overall increase in expenses was primarily due to costs associated with our CRDF-004 clinical trial, clinical programs and outside service costs related to the development of our lead drug candidate, onvansertib. Salaries and staff costs increased generally from key hires in research and development and clinical operations.
Selling, general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:
Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2025
2024
Increase
(Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs
$
849
$
807
$
42
Stock-based compensation
1,011
782
229
Outside services and professional fees
1,062
1,167
(105
)
Facilities and other
396
459
(63
)
Total selling, general and administrative
$
3,318
$
3,215
$
103
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. The overall increase in expenses which was primarily within stock based compensation was due to new stock option grants in the current period. The decrease in outside services and professional fees was primarily due to litigation settled in the comparative period.
Interest Income, Net
Interest income, net was $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $0.8 million for the same period of 2024. Our interest income is primarily from our short-term investment portfolios and money market accounts. The amount of interest income earned varies each period based on the balance of our accounts and interest rates.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
Revenues
Total revenues were $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to $0.4 million for the same period in 2024. Revenues are from our sales-based or usage-based royalties on other intellectual property licenses, unrelated to onvansertib. Revenue recognition of the royalty depends on the timing and overall sales activities of the licensees.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consisted of the following:
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2025
2024
Increase
Salaries and staff costs
$
4,103
$
3,582
$
521
Stock-based compensation
1,187
786
401
Clinical trials, outside services, and lab supplies
15,803
12,202
3,601
Facilities and other
964
931
33
Total research and development
$
22,057
$
17,501
$
4,556
Research and development expenses increased by $4.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. The overall increase in expenses was primarily due to costs associated with our CRDF-004 clinical trial, clinical programs and outside service costs related to the development of our lead drug candidate, onvansertib. Salaries and staff costs increased generally from key hires in research and development and clinical operations.
Selling, general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2025
2024
Increase
(Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs
$
1,775
$
1,714
$
61
Stock-based compensation
1,861
1,517
344
Outside services and professional fees
2,860
2,150
710
Facilities and other
836
964
(128
)
Total selling, general and administrative
$
7,332
$
6,345
$
987
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. The overall increase in expenses was primarily from professional fees related to strategic advisory services utilized during the current period and an increase in patent fees. The increase in stock based compensation was due to new stock option grants during the current period.
Interest Income, Net
Interest income, net was $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $1.7 million for the same period of 2024. Our interest income is primarily from our short-term investment portfolios and money market accounts. The amount of interest income earned varies each period based on the balance of our accounts and interest rates.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, we had working capital of $57.0 million and $81.6 million, respectively.
We have incurred net losses since our inception and have negative operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2025, we had $71.0 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and we believe we have sufficient cash to meet our funding requirements for at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on our current projections, we expect that our capital resources are sufficient to fund our operations into the first quarter of 2027.
Our drug development efforts are in their early stages, and we cannot make estimates of the costs or the time that our development efforts will take to complete, or the timing and amount of revenues related to the sale of our drug candidates. The risk of completion of any program is high because of the many uncertainties involved in developing new drug candidates to market, including the long duration of clinical testing, the specific performance of proposed products under stringent clinical trial protocols, extended regulatory approval and review cycles, our ability to raise additional capital, the nature and timing of research and development expenses, and competing technologies being developed by organizations with significantly greater resources.
For the foreseeable future, we expect to continue to incur losses and require additional capital to further advance our clinical trial programs and support our other operations. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that we can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience additional dilution.
Cash Flow Summary
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2025
2024
Net cash used in operating activities
$
(21,122
)
$
(16,970
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025, was $21.1 million. Our primary use of cash was from our net loss of $27.4 million, adjusted for non-cash items of $3.1 million primarily related to stock-based compensation. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities decreased cash used in operations by $3.2 million.
Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was $17.0 million. Our primary use of cash was from our net loss of $21.8 million, adjusted for non-cash items of $2.5 million primarily related to stock-based compensation. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities decreased cash used in operations by $2.3 million.
At our current and anticipated level of operating loss, we expect to continue to incur an operating cash outflow for the next several years.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $19.6 million, primarily related to purchases in excess of maturities and sales of marketable securities.
Net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $18.7 million, primarily related to maturities and sales in excess of purchases of marketable securities.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $3,000, from employee stock options exercises.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $2.2 million, from the sale of common stock and employee stock options exercises.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND
PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have performed an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer (CEO) and principal financial officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2025, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by us under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as specified above. Management does not expect, however, that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all errors and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2025, that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALE
S OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None
.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON S
ENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFET
Y DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER IN
FORMATION
During the three months ended June 30, 2025
, none of the Company’s directors or officers
adopted
or
terminated
any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements” or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
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