EFSC 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2025

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP

10-Ks and 10-Qs

10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2025
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2025
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2024
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2024
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2024
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2024
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2023
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2023
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2023
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2023
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2022
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2022
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2022
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2022
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2021
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2021
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2021
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2021
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2020
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2020
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2020
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2020
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2019
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2019
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2019
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2019
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2018
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2018
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2018
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2018
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2017
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2017
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2017
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2017
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2016
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2016
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2016
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2016
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2015
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2015
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2015
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2015
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2014
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2014
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2014
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2014
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2013
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2013
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2013
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2013
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2012
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2012
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2012
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2012
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2011
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2011
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2011
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2011
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2010
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2010
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2010
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2010
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2009

PROXIES

DEF 14A	Filed on March 26, 2025
DEF 14A	Filed on March 19, 2024
DEF 14A	Filed on March 29, 2023
DEF 14A	Filed on March 22, 2022
DEF 14A	Filed on March 17, 2021
DEF 14A	Filed on March 25, 2020
DEF 14A	Filed on April 17, 2019
DEF 14A	Filed on March 14, 2018
DEF 14A	Filed on March 15, 2017
DEF 14A	Filed on March 16, 2016
DEF 14A	Filed on March 18, 2015
DEF 14A	Filed on April 11, 2014
DEF 14A	Filed on March 26, 2013
DEF 14A	Filed on April 23, 2012
DEF 14A	Filed on March 11, 2011
DEF 14A	Filed on March 18, 2010

efsc-20250930

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒						Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025 .


☐						Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number 001-15373

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP

Incorporated in the State of Delaware

I.R.S. Employer Identification # 43-1706259

Address: 150 North Meramec

Clayton , MO 63105

Telephone: ( 314 ) 725-5500

___________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

EFSC

Nasdaq Global Select Market

Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 5.00% Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A

EFSCP

Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 29, 2025, the Registrant had 37,010,909 shares of outstanding common stock, $0.01 par value per share.

This document is also available through our website at http://www.enterprisebank.com .

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS


						Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)						1

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)						2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)						3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)						4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)						5

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						7

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations						35

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk						60

Item 4. Controls and Procedures						61

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings						61

Item 1A. Risk Factors						61

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds						61

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities						61

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures						61

Item 5. Other Information						61

Item 6. Exhibits						63

Signatures						65

Glossary of Acronyms, Abbreviations and Entities

The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used in various sections of this Form 10-Q, including the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.

ACL

Allowance for Credit Losses

Federal Reserve

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

ASU

Accounting Standards Update

FHLB

Federal Home Loan Bank

Bank

Enterprise Bank & Trust

GAAP

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States)

C&I

Commercial and Industrial

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

CCB

Capital Conservation Buffer

NIM

Net Interest Margin

CECL

Current Expected Credit Loss

Not meaningful

Company, Enterprise, We, Us or Our

Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Subsidiaries

OREO

Other real estate owned

CRE

Commercial Real Estate

PPNR

Pre-provision net revenue

EFSC

Enterprise Financial Services Corp

SBA

Small Business Administration

FASB

Financial Accounting Standards Board

SEC

Securities and Exchange Commission

FDIC

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

SOFR

Secured Overnight Financing Rate

PART I - ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)


($ in thousands, except share data)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	208,455	$	270,975
Federal funds sold	2,960		5,706
Interest-earning deposits	260,540		487,489
Total cash and cash equivalents	471,955		764,170
Interest-earning deposits greater than 90 days	899		1,881
Securities available-for-sale	2,351,493		1,862,270
Securities held-to-maturity, net	1,081,847		928,935
Loans held-for-sale	681		110
Loans	11,583,109		11,220,355
Allowance for credit losses on loans	( 148,854 )		( 137,950 )
Total loans, net	11,434,255		11,082,405


Other investments	94,127		72,784
Fixed assets, net	49,248		45,009




Goodwill	365,164		365,164
Intangible assets, net	6,140		8,484

Other assets	546,596		465,219
Total assets	$	16,402,405	$	15,596,431

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Noninterest-bearing demand accounts	$	4,386,513	$	4,484,072
Interest-bearing demand accounts	3,301,621		3,175,292
Money market accounts	3,702,896		3,564,063
Savings accounts	525,709		553,461
Certificates of deposit:
Brokered	762,499		484,588
Customer	888,674		885,016
Total deposits	13,567,912		13,146,492
Subordinated debentures and notes	93,617		156,551
FHLB advances	327,000		—
Other borrowings	247,006		280,821



Other liabilities	184,538		188,565
Total liabilities	$	14,420,073	$	13,772,429

Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 5)

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 75,000 shares issued and outstanding ( $ 1,000 per share liquida tion preference)	71,988		71,988
Common stock, $ 0.01 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 37,010,585 and 36,987,728 shares issued and outstanding	370		370

Additional paid in capital	997,446		990,733
Retained earnings	980,548		877,629
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	( 68,020 )		( 116,718 )
Total stockholders’ equity	1,982,332		1,824,002
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	16,402,405	$	15,596,431

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
($ in thousands, except per share data)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest income:
Loans	$	191,397	$	191,505	$	561,154	$	567,280
Debt securities:
Taxable	21,175		13,067		57,702		36,251
Nontaxable	8,650		5,921		23,583		17,484

Interest-earning deposits	3,638		5,348		12,130		13,306
Dividends on equity securities	530		463		1,568		1,350
Total interest income	225,390		216,304		656,137		635,671
Interest expense:




Deposits	61,615		68,768		180,860		199,615
Subordinated debentures and notes	2,683		2,695		7,982		7,863
FHLB advances	1,207		59		3,295		1,649
Other borrowings	1,599		1,313		5,436		4,818
Total interest expense	67,104		72,835		197,573		213,945
Net interest income	158,286		143,469		458,564		421,726
Provision for credit losses	8,447		4,099		17,101		14,674
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	149,839		139,370		441,463		407,052
Noninterest income:
Deposit service charges	4,935		4,649		14,295		13,614
Wealth management revenue	2,571		2,599		7,814		7,733
Card services revenue	2,535		2,573		7,374		7,482


Tax credit income (loss)	( 300 )		3,252		4,517		2,936


Other income	38,883		8,347		53,711		17,307
Total noninterest income	48,624		21,420		87,711		49,072
Noninterest expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	49,640		45,359		148,012		135,145
Deposit costs	27,172		23,781		75,760		65,764
Occupancy	4,895		4,372		14,390		12,895
Data processing	5,022		5,548		14,544		15,226
Professional fees	2,620		1,595		6,377		4,328




Other expense	20,441		17,352		56,192		52,167
Total noninterest expense	109,790		98,007		315,275		285,525

Income before income tax expense	88,673		62,783		213,899		170,599
Income tax expense (includes $ 32.1 million related to recaptured tax credits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025) (Note 13)	43,438		12,198		67,319		34,167
Net income	$	45,235	$	50,585	$	146,580	$	136,432
Dividends on preferred stock	938		938		2,813		2,813
Net income available to common stockholders	$	44,297	$	49,647	$	143,767	$	133,619

Earnings per common share
Basic	$	1.20	$	1.33	$	3.89	$	3.57
Diluted	1.19		1.32		3.86		3.56

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	45,235	$	50,585	$	146,580	$	136,432
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities	21,677		38,033		45,910		21,585
Reclassification of gain on the sale of available-for-sale securities	—		—		( 80 )		—
Reclassification of gain on held-to-maturity securities	( 636 )		( 619 )		( 1,855 )		( 1,864 )
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges	( 368 )		5,492		3,987		1,375
Reclassification of loss on cash flow hedges	292		398		736		1,084
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	20,965		43,304		48,698		22,180
Total comprehensive income	$	66,200	$	93,889	$	195,278	$	158,612

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)


Three and nine months ended September 30, 2025
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock
($ in thousands, except per share data)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at June 30, 2025	75	$	71,988	36,950	$	369	$	991,663	$	947,864	$	( 88,985 )	$	1,922,899
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		45,235		—		45,235





Other comprehensive income	—	—		—	—		—		—		20,965		20,965
Common stock dividends ($ 0.31 per share)	—	—		—	—		—		( 11,473 )		—		( 11,473 )
Preferred stock dividends ($ 12.50 per share)	—	—		—	—		—		( 938 )		—		( 938 )



Issuance under equity compensation plans, net	—	—		61	1		2,761		( 140 )		—		2,622


Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		3,022		—		—		3,022




Balance at September 30, 2025	75	$	71,988	37,011	$	370	$	997,446	$	980,548	$	( 68,020 )	$	1,982,332

Balance at December 31, 2024	75	$	71,988	36,988	$	370	$	990,733	$	877,629	$	( 116,718 )	$	1,824,002
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		146,580		—		146,580





Other comprehensive income	—	—		—	—		—		—		48,698		48,698
Common stock dividends ($ 0.90 per share)	—	—		—	—		—		( 33,271 )		—		( 33,271 )
Preferred stock dividends ($ 37.50 per share)	—	—		—	—		—		( 2,813 )		—		( 2,813 )


Repurchase of common stock	—	—		( 192 )	( 2 )		( 5,152 )		( 5,476 )		—		( 10,630 )
Issuance under equity compensation plans, net	—	—		215	2		2,651		( 2,101 )		—		552


Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		9,214		—		—		9,214




Balance at September 30, 2025	75	$	71,988	37,011	$	370	$	997,446	$	980,548	$	( 68,020 )	$	1,982,332



Three and nine months ended September 30, 2024
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock
($ in thousands, except per share data)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at June 30, 2024	75	$	71,988	37,344	$	373	$	994,116	$	810,935	$	( 122,139 )	$	1,755,273
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		50,585		—		50,585





Other comprehensive income	—	—		—	—		—		—		43,304		43,304
Common stock dividends ($ 0.27 per share)	—	—		—	—		—		( 10,065 )		—		( 10,065 )
Preferred stock dividends ($ 12.50 per share)	—	—		—	—		—		( 938 )		—		( 938 )


Repurchase of common stock	—	—		( 195 )	( 2 )		( 5,239 )		( 4,548 )		—		( 9,789 )
Issuance under equity compensation plans, net	—	—		35	1		1,201		( 125 )		—		1,077


Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		2,564		—		—		2,564




Balance at September 30, 2024	75	$	71,988	37,184	$	372	$	992,642	$	845,844	$	( 78,835 )	$	1,832,011

Balance at December 31, 2023	75	$	71,988	37,416	$	374	$	995,208	$	749,513	$	( 101,015 )	$	1,716,068
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		136,432		—		136,432





Other comprehensive income	—	—		—	—		—		—		22,180		22,180
Common stock dividends ($ 0.78 per share)	—	—		—	—		—		( 29,171 )		—		( 29,171 )
Preferred stock dividends ($ 37.50 per share)	—	—		—	—		—		( 2,813 )		—		( 2,813 )

Repurchase of common stock	—	—		( 420 )	( 4 )		( 11,233 )		( 7,148 )		—		( 18,385 )

Issuance under equity compensation plans, net	—	—		188	2		1,089		( 969 )		—		122


Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		7,578		—		—		7,578




Balance at September 30, 2024	75	$	71,988	37,184	$	372	$	992,642	$	845,844	$	( 78,835 )	$	1,832,011

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


	Nine months ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	146,580	$	136,432
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation	4,724		3,906
Provision for credit losses	17,101		14,674
Deferred income taxes	( 4,304 )		1,975
Net amortization of discount/premiums on debt securities	3,142		3,109
Net amortization on loans	866		1,386
Amortization of intangible assets	2,344		2,918
Amortization of servicing assets	694		881
Mortgage loans originated-for-sale	( 19,926 )		( 18,292 )
Proceeds from mortgage loans sold	19,518		18,451
Net loss (gain) on:
Sale of investment securities	( 106 )		—
Sale of SBA loans	( 4,188 )		( 1,415 )
Sale of other real estate	( 86 )		( 3,157 )

Sale of state tax credits	( 110 )		( 768 )


Stock-based compensation	9,214		7,578




Net change in other assets and liabilities	( 24,790 )		27,745







Net cash provided by operating activities	150,673		195,423
Cash flows from investing activities:

Net increase in loans	( 456,978 )		( 238,646 )


Proceeds received from:
Sale of debt securities, available-for-sale	9,631		—
Paydown or maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale	294,939		185,167
Paydown or maturity of debt securities, held-to-maturity	20,706		4,583
Redemption of other investments	109,214		55,791
Sale of SBA loans	83,760		25,090
Sale of state tax credits held for sale	725		4,317
Sale of other real estate	3,967		11,017

Settlement of bank-owned life insurance policies	2,079		—
Payments for the purchase of:
Available-for-sale debt securities	( 721,648 )		( 325,665 )
Held-to-maturity debt securities	( 178,520 )		( 110,172 )
Other investments	( 131,624 )		( 66,841 )
Bank-owned life insurance	( 75,009 )		—
State tax credits held for sale	( 360 )		( 2,810 )
Fixed assets	( 8,964 )		( 5,594 )
Net cash used in investing activities	( 1,048,082 )		( 463,763 )


	Nine months ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net decrease in noninterest-bearing deposit accounts	( 97,559 )		( 24,498 )
Net increase in interest-bearing deposit accounts	518,979		313,449
Net increase in short term FHLB advances, net	327,000		150,000


Proceeds from notes payable	63,250		—
Repayments of notes payable	( 2,259 )		( 11,429 )
Repayments of subordinated debentures	( 63,250 )		—



Net decrease in other borrowings	( 94,805 )		( 115,586 )




Repurchase of common stock	( 10,630 )		( 18,385 )
Cash dividends paid on common stock	( 33,271 )		( 29,171 )
Cash dividends paid on preferred stock	( 2,813 )		( 2,813 )
Other	552		124



Net cash provided by financing activities	605,194		261,691
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	( 292,215 )		( 6,649 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	764,170		433,029
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	471,955	$	426,380
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	197,164	$	214,819
Income taxes	46,147		27,192
Noncash investing and financing transactions:
Transfer to other bank owned assets	7,821		6,659

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	1,131		1,387
Transfer to securities available-for-sale in settlement of loans	—		10,448

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The significant accounting policies used by the Company in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements are summarized below:

Business and Consolidation

Enterprise is a financial holding company that provides a full range of banking and wealth management services to individuals and corporate customers primarily located in Arizona, California, Florida, Kansas, Missouri, Nevada, and New Mexico, and SBA loan and deposit productions offices throughout the country through its banking subsidiary, Enterprise Bank & Trust.

Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2025. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC.

Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change in the information disclosed in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for the fair presentation of the statements of financial position, results of operations, and cash flow for the interim periods.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

FASB ASU 2023-09, Income Tax Disclosures . ASU 2023-09 was issued in December 2023 to require annual disclosures on specific categories in the income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Annual disclosures are required on income taxes paid, including the amounts paid for federal, state and foreign taxes and the amount paid in individual jurisdictions if the amount is equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). Additional annual disclosures are required on pre-tax income from continuing operations and income tax expense, disaggregated by domestic and foreign amounts. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-09 and does not expect them to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures . ASU 2024-03 was issued in November 2024 to require public business entities to provide disaggregated disclosures, in the notes to the financial statements, of certain categories of expenses that are included in expense line items on the face of the income statement. The amendments in this update improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2024-03 and does not expect them to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2025-05, Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. ASU 2025-05 was issued in July 2025 to provide a practical expedient (for all entities) and an accounting policy election (for all entities, other than public business entities, that elect the practical expedient) related to the estimation of expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets that arise from transactions accounted for under ASC Topic 606. The update allows all entities to elect a practical expedient that assumes current conditions as of the balance sheet date remain static for the remaining life of the asset. The update also allows for an accounting policy election, which is not applicable to public business entities. Entities are required to disclose whether they have elected to use the practical expedient and, if applicable, the accounting policy election. The amendments in this update are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2025. ASU 2025-05 will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method.

The following table presents a summary of per common share data and amounts for the periods indicated.


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income available to common stockholders	$	44,297	$	49,647	$	143,767	$	133,619

Weighted average common shares outstanding	37,015		37,337		36,983		37,437
Additional dilutive common stock equivalents	318		146		290		110
Weighted average common diluted shares outstanding	37,333		37,483		37,273		37,547

Basic earnings per common share:	$	1.20	$	1.33	$	3.89	$	3.57
Diluted earnings per common share:	1.19		1.32		3.86		3.56

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, common stock equivalents of approximately 115,000 and 225,000 , respectively, were excluded from the earnings per share calculations because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Comparatively, there were 441,000 and 572,000 common stock equivalents excluded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

NOTE 3 - INVESTMENTS

The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses and fair value of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity:


	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	252,046	$	158	$	( 7,698 )	$	244,506
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	590,182		2,226		( 67,662 )		524,746
Agency mortgage-backed securities	1,473,138		11,987		( 40,573 )		1,444,552
U.S. Treasury bills	114,698		60		( 717 )		114,041
Corporate debt securities	23,698		120		( 170 )		23,648
Total securities available-for-sale	$	2,453,762	$	14,551	$	( 116,820 )	$	2,351,493
Held-to-maturity securities:

Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	925,829	$	6,999	$	( 49,430 )	$	883,398
Agency mortgage-backed securities	44,837		—		( 3,509 )		41,328
Corporate debt securities	111,351		312		( 4,028 )		107,635
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	1,082,017	$	7,311	$	( 56,967 )	$	1,032,361
Allowance for credit losses	( 170 )
Total securities held-to-maturity, net	$	1,081,847


	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	290,329	$	69	$	( 14,358 )	$	276,040
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	492,896		12		( 83,711 )		409,197
Agency mortgage-backed securities	1,090,495		1,072		( 64,173 )		1,027,394
U.S. Treasury Bills	130,565		34		( 1,706 )		128,893
Corporate debt securities	21,198		—		( 452 )		20,746
Total securities available-for-sale	$	2,025,483	$	1,187	$	( 164,400 )	$	1,862,270
Held-to-maturity securities:

Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	759,059	$	2,366	$	( 60,351 )	$	701,074
Agency mortgage-backed securities	47,912		—		( 5,004 )		42,908
Corporate debt securities	122,221		269		( 7,601 )		114,889
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	929,192	$	2,635	$	( 72,956 )	$	858,871
Allowance for credit losses	( 257 )
Total securities held-to-maturity, net	$	928,935

The balance of held-to-maturity securities in the “Amortized Cost” column in the table above includes a cumulative net unamortized unrealized gain of $ 8.4 million and $ 10.8 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Such amounts are amortized over the remaining life of the securities.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer in an amount greater than 10 % of stockholders’ equity, other than U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises. The agency mortgage-backed securities are all issued by U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises. Securities of $ 1.6 billion and $ 1.5 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure deposits of public institutions and for other purposes as required by law or contract provisions, in addition to collateral securing borrowing bases with the FHLB and the Federal Reserve.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The weighted average life of the mortgage-backed securities is approximately five years .


	Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	207,822	$	205,486	$	5,226	$	5,226
Due after one year through five years	141,250		138,032		125,772		122,173
Due after five years through ten years	317,131		282,830		240,152		238,874
Due after ten years	314,421		280,593		666,030		624,760
Agency mortgage-backed securities	1,473,138		1,444,552		44,837		41,328

	$	2,453,762	$	2,351,493	$	1,082,017	$	1,032,361

The following tables presents a summary of available-for-sale investment securities in an unrealized loss position:


	September 30, 2025
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
($ in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	5,993	$	8	$	219,987	$	7,690	$	225,980	$	7,698
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	6,614		244		416,996		67,418		423,610		67,662
Agency mortgage-backed securities	96,890		854		406,132		39,719		503,022		40,573
U.S. Treasury bills	2,020		1		40,188		716		42,208		717
Corporate debt securities	—		—		6,580		170		6,580		170
	$	111,517	$	1,107	$	1,089,883	$	115,713	$	1,201,400	$	116,820


	December 31, 2024
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
($ in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	21,044	$	132	$	234,191	$	14,226	$	255,235	$	14,358
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	3,117		143		403,767		83,568		406,884		83,711
Agency mortgage-backed securities	423,600		6,763		478,790		57,410		902,390		64,173
U.S. Treasury bills	11,708		23		54,177		1,683		65,885		1,706
Corporate debt securities	1,956		44		8,342		408		10,298		452
	$	461,425	$	7,105	$	1,179,267	$	157,295	$	1,640,692	$	164,400

The unrealized losses at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were attributable primarily to changes in market interest rates after the securities were purchased. At each of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company did no t have an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities.

Accrued interest on held-to-maturity debt securities totaled $ 12.2 million and $ 8.6 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The ACL on held-to-maturity securities was $ 0.2 million at September 30, 2025 and $0.3 million at December 31, 2024.

There were no sales of available-for-sale securities during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively, or the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Company sold $ 9.5 million of available-for-sale securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 for a gain of $ 0.1 million.

Other Investments

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, other investments totaled $ 94.1 million and $ 72.8 million, respectively. As a member of the FHLB system administered by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum investment in capital stock with the FHLB consisting of membership stock and activity-based stock. The FHLB capital stock of $ 24.1 million at September 30, 2025 and $ 8.7 million at December 31, 2024 is recorded at cost, which represents redemption value, and is included in other investments in the consolidated balance sheets. The remaining amounts in other investments primarily include investments in Small Business Investment Companies, Community Development Financial Institutions, private equity investments, and the Company’s investment in unconsolidated trusts used to issue trust preferred securities to third parties.

NOTE 4 - LOANS

The following table presents a summary of loans by category:


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	4,948,761	$	4,720,428
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	2,824,200		2,607,755
Commercial - owner occupied	2,348,111		2,359,956
Construction and land development	859,827		892,563
Residential	364,516		358,923
Total real estate loans	6,396,654		6,219,197
Other	238,881		281,193
Loans, before unearned loan fees	11,584,296		11,220,818
Unearned loan fees, net	( 1,187 )		( 463 )
Loans, including unearned loan fees	$	11,583,109	$	11,220,355

The loan balance includes a net premium on acquired loans of $ 6.4 million and $ 7.8 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, loans and securities of $ 6.4 billion and $ 5.7 billion, respectively, were pledged to the FHLB and the Federal Reserve.

Accrued interest totaled $ 56.5 million and $ 52.4 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was reported in “Other assets” on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company sold $ 22.2 million and $ 78.0 million of the guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. A gain on sale of $ 1.1 million and $ 4.2 million was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold the guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans of $ 23.1 million resulting in a gain on sale of $ 1.4 million. There were no sales in the three months ended September 30, 2024.

The Company had $ 5.8 million of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in process of foreclosure as of September 30, 2025, compared to none at December 31, 2024.

A summary of the activity, by loan category, in the ACL on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:


($ in thousands)	Commercial and industrial		CRE - investor owned		CRE - owner occupied		Construction and land development		Residential real estate		Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	72,081	$	30,189	$	17,643	$	12,964	$	8,484	$	3,772	$	145,133
Provision for credit losses	3,533		2,469		1,055		458		203		60		7,778

Charge-offs	( 4,345 )		—		—		—		( 295 )		( 315 )		( 4,955 )
Recoveries	234		67		292		19		232		54		898
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	71,503	$	32,725	$	18,990	$	13,441	$	8,624	$	3,571	$	148,854



($ in thousands)	Commercial and industrial		CRE - investor owned		CRE - owner occupied		Construction and land development		Residential real estate		Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	63,231	$	34,217	$	20,400	$	9,837	$	6,534	$	3,731	$	137,950
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	11,029		( 1,686 )		( 1,022 )		3,713		2,233		265		14,532
Charge-offs	( 7,358 )		—		( 1,034 )		( 146 )		( 889 )		( 610 )		( 10,037 )
Recoveries	4,601		194		646		37		746		185		6,409
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	71,503	$	32,725	$	18,990	$	13,441	$	8,624	$	3,571	$	148,854


($ in thousands)	Commercial and industrial		CRE - investor owned		CRE - owner occupied		Construction and land development		Residential real estate		Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:







Balance at June 30, 2024	$	61,478	$	31,903	$	24,316	$	11,504	$	5,588	$	4,675	$	139,464
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	2,360		1,050		( 935 )		1,766		266		( 343 )		4,164
Charge-offs	( 440 )		—		( 906 )		( 3,224 )		( 19 )		( 184 )		( 4,773 )
Recoveries	662		30		25		21		140		45		923
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	64,060	$	32,983	$	22,500	$	10,067	$	5,975	$	4,193	$	139,778



($ in thousands)	Commercial and industrial		CRE - investor owned		CRE - owner occupied		Construction and land development		Residential real estate		Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	58,886	$	31,280	$	23,405	$	10,198	$	6,142	$	4,860	$	134,771
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	9,146		1,914		1,818		3,042		( 415 )		( 179 )		15,326
Charge-offs	( 6,349 )		( 305 )		( 2,773 )		( 3,224 )		( 760 )		( 725 )		( 14,136 )
Recoveries	2,377		94		50		51		1,008		237		3,817
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	64,060	$	32,983	$	22,500	$	10,067	$	5,975	$	4,193	$	139,778

The ACL on sponsor finance loans, which is included in the categories above, represented $ 27.5 million and $ 14.5 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The increase in ACL on sponsor finance loans from December 31, 2024 is primarily due to an increase in special mention and classified sponsor finance loan balances.

The CECL methodology incorporates various economic scenarios. The Company utilizes three forecasts in the model: Moody’s baseline, a stronger near-term growth upside and a moderate downside forecast. The Company weights these scenarios at 40 %, 30 %, and 30 %, respectively, which added approximately $ 10.7 million to the ACL on loans over the baseline model at September 30, 2025. The baseline forecast incorporates an expectation that the federal funds rate will continue to fall in 2025 and 2026. The Company has also recognized various risks posed by loans in certain segments, including the commercial office sector, by allocating additional reserves to those segments. Some of the key risks to the forecasts that could result in future provision for credit losses are market reactions to the Federal Reserve policy actions that could push the economy into a recession, persistently higher inflation (including the impact of tariffs), tightening in the credit markets, and further weakness in the financial system.

In addition to the CECL methodology, the Company incorporates qualitative adjustments into the ACL on loans to capture credit risks inherent within the loan portfolio that are not captured in the CECL model. Included in these risks are 1) changes in lending policies and procedures, 2) actual and expected changes in business and economic conditions, 3) changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio, 4) changes in lending management, 5) changes in volume and the severity of past due loans, 6) changes in the quality of the loan review system, 7) changes in the value of underlying collateral, 8) the existence and effect of concentrations of credit and 9) other factors such as the regulatory, legal and competitive environments and events such as natural disasters and pandemics. At September 30, 2025, the ACL on loans included a qualitative adjustment of approximately $ 37.0 million. Of this amount, approximately $ 21.4 million was allocated to sponsor finance loans due to their mostly unsecured nature.

The current year-to-date gross charge-offs by loan class and year of origination is presented in the following tables:


	September 30, 2025
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	1,002	$	3,688	$	243	$	35	$	684	$	656	$	797	$	7,105
Real estate:

Commercial - owner occupied	—		—		285		—		80		669		—		—		1,034
Construction and land development	—		—		—		146		—		—		—		—		146
Residential	—		—		—		—		—		623		266		—		889
Other	—		—		—		—		177		65		5		—		247
Total charge-offs by origination year	$	—	$	1,002	$	3,973	$	389	$	292	$	2,041	$	927	$	797	$	9,421
Total gross charge-offs by performing status																	616
Total gross charge-offs																	$	10,037


	December 31, 2024
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	312	$	2,646	$	3,043	$	35	$	166	$	772	$	2,205	$	3,589	$	12,768
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	—		—		—		252		—		448		—		—		700
Commercial - owner occupied	—		—		41		475		10		2,548		—		—		3,074
Construction and land development	—		—		—		—		3,224		—		—		—		3,224
Residential	—		—		166		15		—		471		202		24		878
Other	4		17		—		58		—		79		103		1		262
Total charge-offs by origination year	$	316	$	2,663	$	3,250	$	835	$	3,400	$	4,318	$	2,510	$	3,614	$	20,906
Total gross charge-offs by performing status																	968
Total gross charge-offs																	$	21,874

Nonperforming loans were $ 127.9 million at September 30, 2025, compared to $ 42.7 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in nonperforming loans largely reflects two borrowing relationships that share some common ownership where the entities filed bankruptcy as a result of a business dispute between the owners of the entities. As a result of the Bank’s senior secured first lien collateral position with respect to the real property owned by the borrowers, the Company expects to collect the full balance of these loans. The following tables present the recorded investment in nonperforming loans by category, excluding government guaranteed balances:


	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Nonaccrual		Loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest		Total nonperforming loans		Nonaccrual loans with no allowance
Commercial and industrial	$	29,307	$	405	$	29,712	$	15,159
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	35,361		43,083		78,444		5,842
Commercial - owner occupied	10,654		—		10,654		6,879
Construction and land development	386		—		386		231
Residential	3,123		5,525		8,648		2,882
Other	—		34		34		—
Total	$	78,831	$	49,047	$	127,878	$	30,993


	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Nonaccrual		Loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest		Total nonperforming loans		Nonaccrual loans with no allowance
Commercial and industrial	$	15,810	$	11	$	15,821	$	4,279
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	14,186		—		14,186		2,106
Commercial - owner occupied	10,910		—		10,910		8,235
Construction and land development	1,503		—		1,503		1,503
Residential	258		—		258		—
Other	—		9		9		—
Total	$	42,667	$	20	$	42,687	$	16,123

The nonperforming loan balances at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 exclude government guaranteed balances of $ 33.5 million and $ 22.0 million respectively.

Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was immaterial during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Collateral-dependent nonperforming loans by class of loan is presented as of the dates indicated:


	September 30, 2025
	Type of Collateral
($ in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Blanket Lien		Other
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	23	$	3,210	$	15,644
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	76,256		—		—		—
Commercial - owner occupied	4,177		456		—		—

Residential	—		8,407		—		—

Total	$	80,433	$	8,886	$	3,210	$	15,644


	December 31, 2024
	Type of Collateral
($ in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Blanket Lien		Other
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	4,279	$	3,495
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	14,136		—		—		—
Commercial - owner occupied	7,521		482		486		—



Total	$	21,657	$	482	$	4,765	$	3,495

The aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class and category is presented as of the dates indicated.


	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	30-89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	6,358	$	23,975	$	30,333	$	4,918,428	$	4,948,761
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	5,080		77,203		82,283		2,741,917		2,824,200
Commercial - owner occupied	5,561		28,104		33,665		2,314,446		2,348,111
Construction and land development	1,005		1,454		2,459		857,368		859,827
Residential	2,085		8,651		10,736		353,780		364,516
Other	17		33		50		238,831		238,881
Loans, before unearned loan fees	$	20,106	$	139,420	$	159,526	$	11,424,770	$	11,584,296
Unearned loan fees, net									( 1,187 )
Total									$	11,583,109


	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	30-89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	1,948	$	12,228	$	14,176	$	4,706,252	$	4,720,428
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	1,377		14,333		15,710		2,592,045		2,607,755
Commercial - owner occupied	10,542		18,591		29,133		2,330,823		2,359,956
Construction and land development	101		5,620		5,721		886,842		892,563
Residential	2,833		258		3,091		355,832		358,923
Other	34		9		43		281,150		281,193
Loans, before unearned loan fees	$	16,835	$	51,039	$	67,874	$	11,152,944	$	11,220,818
Unearned loan fees, net									( 463 )
Total									$	11,220,355

The allowance for credit losses on loans incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses on loans is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company uses a probability of default and loss given default model to determine the allowance for credit losses on loans.

An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. The effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses on loans because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance.

The most common concession the Company provides to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is a term extension. In limited circumstances, the Company may modify loans by providing principal forgiveness or an interest rate reduction. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the allowance for credit losses on loans. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses on loans.

In some cases, the Company will modify a loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as an interest rate reduction or principal forgiveness, may be granted.

The following tables show the recorded investment at the end of the dates listed for loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by loan class and type of concession granted:












	Term Extension
	Three months ended				Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		Percent of Total Loan Class		September 30, 2025		Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial	$	5,350	0.11	%	$	48,426	0.98	%
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	244		0.01	%	244		0.01	%
Commercial - owner occupied	875		0.04	%	5,888		0.25	%

Residential	—		—	%	23		0.01	%

Total	$	6,469			$	54,581


	Term Extension
	Three months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2024		Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial	$	9,996	0.22	%
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	258		0.01	%
Total	$	10,254


	Term Extension				Payment Delay				Total
	Nine months ended				Nine months ended				Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2024		Percent of Total Loan Class		September 30, 2024		Percent of Total Loan Class		September 30, 2024		Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial	$	60,256	1.30	%	$	567	0.01	%	$	60,823	1.31	%
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	8,667		0.34	%	—		—	%	8,667		0.34	%
Commercial - owner occupied	94		NM		—		—	%	94		NM

Residential	7,644		2.15	%	—		—	%	7,644		2.15	%

Total	$	76,661			$	567			$	77,228

The following tables summarize the financial impacts of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and outstanding at the date indicated:


		Three months ended	Nine months ended
	Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)	Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)
($ in thousands)		September 30, 2025	September 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial		4	6
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned		12	12
Commercial - owner occupied		3	15

Residential		0	3


		Three months ended	Nine months ended
	Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)	Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)	Amount of Payment Delay
($ in thousands)		September 30, 2024	September 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial		7	5	$	85
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned		0	4	—
Commercial - owner occupied		12	3	—

Residential		0	12	—

The following table shows the aging of the recorded investment in modified loans in the last 12 months by class at the date indicated:


	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	51,929	$	—	$	—	$	51,929
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	244		—		—		244
Commercial - owner occupied	17,420		—		—		17,420

Residential	—		23		—		23

Total	$	69,593	$	23	$	—	$	69,616


	September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	52,488	$	—	$	—	$	52,488
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	259		—		—		259
Commercial - owner occupied	—		92		—		92

Residential	70		70		—		140

Total	$	52,817	$	162	$	—	$	52,979

There were no loans that experienced a default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, or the three months ended September 30, 2024 subsequent to being granted a modification in the preceding twelve months. The following table summarizes loans that experienced a default during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, subsequent to being granted a modification in the preceding twelve months. All of these loans were charged-off during the preceding period. Default is defined as movement to nonperforming status, foreclosure or charge-off.


		Term Extension
	Nine months ended
($ in thousands)		September 30, 2024		Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial		$	1,000	0.02	%
Real estate:


Construction and land development		1,748		0.20	%

Other		4		NM
Total		$	2,752

As of September 30, 2025, the Company allocated an immaterial amount in specific reserves to loans that have been restructured.

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic factors among other factors. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

• Grades 1, 2, and 3 – Includes loans to borrowers with a continuous record of strong earnings, sound balance sheet condition and capitalization, ample liquidity with solid cash flow, and whose management team has experience and depth within their industry.

• Grade 4 – Includes loans to borrowers with positive trends in profitability, satisfactory capitalization and balance sheet condition, and sufficient liquidity and cash flow.

• Grade 5 – Includes loans to borrowers that may display fluctuating trends in sales, profitability, capitalization, liquidity, and cash flow.

• Grade 6 – Includes loans to borrowers where an adverse change or perceived weakness has occurred, but may be correctable in the near future. Alternatively, this rating category may also include circumstances where the borrower is starting to reverse a negative trend or condition, or has recently been upgraded from a 7, 8, or 9 rating.

• Grade 7 – Special Mention credits are borrowers that have experienced financial setback of a nature that is not determined to be severe or influence ‘ongoing concern’ expectations. Although possible, no loss is anticipated, due to strong collateral and/or guarantor support.

• Grade 8 – Substandard credits include those borrowers characterized by significant losses and sustained downward trends in balance sheet condition, liquidity, and cash flow. Repayment reliance may have shifted to secondary sources. Collateral exposure may exist and additional reserves may be warranted.

• Grade 9 – Doubtful credits include borrowers that may show deteriorating trends that are unlikely to be corrected. Collateral values may appear insufficient for full recovery, therefore requiring a partial charge-off, or debt renegotiation with the borrower. The borrower may have declared bankruptcy or bankruptcy is likely in the near term. All doubtful rated credits will be on non-accrual.

The recorded investment by risk category of the loans by class and year of origination is presented in the following tables as of the dates indicated:


	September 30, 2025
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass (1-6)	$	1,422,869	$	953,287	$	598,715	$	360,379	$	64,502	$	70,024	$	58,351	$	1,052,872	$	4,580,999
Special Mention (7)	54,569		11,640		27,542		4,207		4,192		474		11,837		45,895		160,356
Classified (8-9)	38,148		29,186		5,180		11,457		1,305		670		36,312		37,408		159,666
Total Commercial and industrial	$	1,515,586	$	994,113	$	631,437	$	376,043	$	69,999	$	71,168	$	106,500	$	1,136,175	$	4,901,021

Commercial real estate-investor owned
Pass (1-6)	$	540,435	$	455,226	$	366,506	$	429,549	$	318,971	$	419,207	$	34,624	$	46,922	$	2,611,440
Special Mention (7)	33,629		34,679		3,806		6,197		9,110		5,809		14,030		—		107,260
Classified (8-9)	2,088		—		—		808		63,041		21,435		—		—		87,372
Total Commercial real estate-investor owned	$	576,152	$	489,905	$	370,312	$	436,554	$	391,122	$	446,451	$	48,654	$	46,922	$	2,806,072

Commercial real estate-owner occupied
Pass (1-6)	$	336,672	$	311,896	$	301,266	$	371,100	$	361,559	$	473,934	$	1,069	$	28,941	$	2,186,437
Special Mention (7)	13,883		1,477		12,514		15,358		12,098		16,586		—		—		71,916
Classified (8-9)	2,417		17,859		7,907		10,791		7,345		24,691		—		250		71,260
Total Commercial real estate-owner occupied	$	352,972	$	331,232	$	321,687	$	397,249	$	381,002	$	515,211	$	1,069	$	29,191	$	2,329,613

Construction real estate
Pass (1-6)	$	421,706	$	304,372	$	89,338	$	9,953	$	3,651	$	1,457	$	12,604	$	2,992	$	846,073
Special Mention (7)	10,607		—		26		43		—		—		—		—		10,676
Classified (8-9)	—		—		481		910		—		6		—		—		1,397
Total Construction real estate	$	432,313	$	304,372	$	89,845	$	10,906	$	3,651	$	1,463	$	12,604	$	2,992	$	858,146

Residential real estate
Pass (1-6)	$	49,850	$	24,849	$	27,963	$	30,391	$	34,084	$	84,419	$	5,516	$	76,334	$	333,406
Special Mention (7)	3,084		1,355		122		305		87		870		—		941		6,764
Classified (8-9)	23		—		4,749		—		12,052		7,346		—		75		24,245
Total residential real estate	$	52,957	$	26,204	$	32,834	$	30,696	$	46,223	$	92,635	$	5,516	$	77,350	$	364,415

Other
Pass (1-6)	$	21,101	$	28,559	$	4,926	$	30,842	$	52,548	$	47,469	$	—	$	42,999	$	228,444
Special Mention (7)	1,915		—		—		—		—		693		—		3,417		6,025
Classified (8-9)	—		—		—		—		—		1,031		—		—		1,031
Total Other	$	23,016	$	28,559	$	4,926	$	30,842	$	52,548	$	49,193	$	—	$	46,416	$	235,500

Total loans classified by risk category	$	2,952,996	$	2,174,385	$	1,451,041	$	1,282,290	$	944,545	$	1,176,121	$	174,343	$	1,339,046	$	11,494,767
Total loans classified by performing status																	88,342
Total loans																	$	11,583,109


	December 31, 2024
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2021		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass (1-6)	$	1,477,552	$	958,327	$	607,626	$	172,201	$	117,845	$	69,236	$	87,059	$	942,991	$	4,432,837
Special Mention (7)	32,479		40,804		4,982		2,373		796		64		14,783		55,100		151,381
Classified (8-9)	29,999		868		9,271		—		142		809		9,681		20,791		71,561
Total Commercial and industrial	$	1,540,030	$	999,999	$	621,879	$	174,574	$	118,783	$	70,109	$	111,523	$	1,018,882	$	4,655,779

Commercial real estate-investor owned
Pass (1-6)	$	587,403	$	402,899	$	479,131	$	374,155	$	266,044	$	281,232	$	4,566	$	48,808	$	2,444,238
Special Mention (7)	12,195		4,901		—		43,506		2,389		9,623		31,321		1,999		105,934
Classified (8-9)	256		—		821		20,274		13,564		4,702		—		—		39,617
Total Commercial real estate-investor owned	$	599,854	$	407,800	$	479,952	$	437,935	$	281,997	$	295,557	$	35,887	$	50,807	$	2,589,789

Commercial real estate-owner occupied
Pass (1-6)	$	420,774	$	329,001	$	437,731	$	408,210	$	246,024	$	352,095	$	890	$	29,239	$	2,223,964
Special Mention (7)	6,914		10,764		5,323		12,324		8,426		18,389		—		—		62,140
Classified (8-9)	13,794		3,727		4,063		6,452		3,765		22,319		—		250		54,370
Total Commercial real estate-owner occupied	$	441,482	$	343,492	$	447,117	$	426,986	$	258,215	$	392,803	$	890	$	29,489	$	2,340,474

Construction real estate
Pass (1-6)	$	404,286	$	211,573	$	198,278	$	38,131	$	6,110	$	3,823	$	9,513	$	5,338	$	877,052
Special Mention (7)	11,250		33		49		294		—		223		—		—		11,849
Classified (8-9)	—		—		1,573		—		—		585		—		—		2,158
Total Construction real estate	$	415,536	$	211,606	$	199,900	$	38,425	$	6,110	$	4,631	$	9,513	$	5,338	$	891,059

Residential real estate
Pass (1-6)	$	46,454	$	37,371	$	35,082	$	27,784	$	22,350	$	78,113	$	5,880	$	79,284	$	332,318
Special Mention (7)	1,539		26		239		—		—		1,435		—		887		4,126
Classified (8-9)	—		2,979		107		11,976		5,538		1,572		—		—		22,172
Total residential real estate	$	47,993	$	40,376	$	35,428	$	39,760	$	27,888	$	81,120	$	5,880	$	80,171	$	358,616

Other
Pass (1-6)	$	31,286	$	6,058	$	50,351	$	55,844	$	49,519	$	31,061	$	44	$	40,578	$	264,741
Special Mention (7)	—		2,326		—		—		—		1,780		—		7,660		11,766
Classified (8-9)	—		—		—		—		—		5		—		—		5
Total Other	$	31,286	$	8,384	$	50,351	$	55,844	$	49,519	$	32,846	$	44	$	48,238	$	276,512

Total loans classified by risk category	$	3,076,181	$	2,011,657	$	1,834,627	$	1,173,524	$	742,512	$	877,066	$	163,737	$	1,232,925	$	11,112,229
Total loans classified by performing status																	108,126
Total loans																	$	11,220,355

In the tables above, loan originations in 2025 and 2024 with a classification of “special mention” or “classified” primarily represent renewals or modifications initially underwritten and originated in prior years.

The following tables summarize the risk category of the loans by loan type as of the dates indicated:


	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Pass (1-6)		Special Mention (7)		Classified (8-9)		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	4,580,999	$	160,356	$	159,666	$	4,901,021
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	2,611,440		107,260		87,372		2,806,072
Commercial - owner occupied	2,186,437		71,916		71,260		2,329,613
Construction and land development	846,073		10,676		1,397		858,146
Residential	333,406		6,764		24,245		364,415
Other	228,444		6,025		1,031		235,500
Total loans classified by risk category	$	10,786,799	$	362,997	$	344,971	$	11,494,767
Total loans classified by performing status							88,342
							$	11,583,109


	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Pass (1-6)		Special Mention (7)		Classified (8-9)		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	4,432,837	$	151,381	$	71,561	$	4,655,779
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	2,444,238		105,934		39,617		2,589,789
Commercial - owner occupied	2,223,964		62,140		54,370		2,340,474
Construction and land development	877,052		11,849		2,158		891,059
Residential	332,318		4,126		22,172		358,616
Other	264,741		11,766		5		276,512
Total loans classified by risk category	$	10,575,150	$	347,196	$	189,883	$	11,112,229
Total loans classified by performing status							108,126
							$	11,220,355

In the tables above, guaranteed loan balances are included with a classification of “pass” due to the nature of these loans.

For certain loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status.

The following tables present the recorded investment on loans based on payment activity as of the dates indicated:


	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Performing		Non Performing		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	42,135	$	405	$	42,540
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	16,536		—		16,536
Commercial - owner occupied	26,428		—		26,428

Residential	595		—		595
Other	2,209		34		2,243
Total	$	87,903	$	439	$	88,342


	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Performing		Non Performing		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	60,899	$	11	$	60,910
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	17,175		—		17,175
Commercial - owner occupied	27,349		—		27,349

Residential	647		—		647
Other	2,036		9		2,045
Total	$	108,106	$	20	$	108,126

NOTE 5 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

The Company issues financial instruments in the normal course of its business of meeting the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments may involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s extent of involvement and maximum potential exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is not more than the contractual amount of these instruments.

The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for financial instruments included on its consolidated balance sheets.

The contractual amounts of significant off-balance-sheet financial instruments are as follows:


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commitments to extend credit	$	2,919,534	$	3,001,565
Letters of credit	107,535		137,926

Off-Balance Sheet Credit Risk

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments usually have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses, may have significant usage restrictions, and may require payment of a fee. Of the total commitments to extend credit at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $ 127.2 million and $ 156.5 million, respectively, represent fixed rate loan commitments. Since certain of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon or may be revoked, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash obligations. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, premises and equipment, and real estate. Other liabilities includes $ 6.3 million and $ 6.1 million for estimated losses attributable to the unadvanced commitments at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These letters of credit are issued to support contractual obligations of the Company’s customers. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the risk involved in extending loans to customers. As of September 30, 2025, the approximate remaining terms of standby letters of credit range from one month to four years, nine months .

Contingencies

The Company and its subsidiaries are, from time to time, parties to various legal proceedings arising out of their businesses. Management believes there are no such proceedings pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries which, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

NOTE 6 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s loans and borrowings. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest income and expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy.

For hedges of the Company’s variable-rate loans, interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of fixed amounts and the Company making variable rate payments. The Company has executed cash flow hedges to reduce a portion of variability in cash flows on the Company’s prime based loan portfolio. Select terms of the hedges are as follows:


($ in thousands)
Notional		Fixed Rate		Effective Date	Maturity Date
$	50,000	6.56	%	January 25, 2023	February 1, 2027
$	100,000	6.63	%	December 20, 2022	January 1, 2028
$	100,000	6.66	%	April 1, 2025	April 1, 2030

The Company executed a prime based interest rate collar in the fourth quarter of 2022 with a notional amount of $ 100.0 million. The collar includes a cap of 8.14 % and a floor of 5.25 %. The collar matures on October 1, 2029. The Company also executed a 1-month SOFR based interest rate collar in the fourth quarter of 2024 with a notional amount of $ 50.0 million. The collar includes a cap of 4.21 % and a floor of 3.23 %. The collar matures on November 1, 2029. These transactions are commonly referred to as zero cost collars, which involves the Company selling an interest rate cap where payments will be made when the index exceeds the cap rate, and the purchase of a floor where payments will be received if the index falls below the floor.

For hedges of variable-rate liabilities, interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The Company has executed a series of cash flow hedges to fix the effective interest rate for payments due on $ 32.1 million of junior subordinated debentures to a weighted-average-fixed rate of 2.64 %.

Select terms of the hedges are as follows:


($ in thousands)
Notional		Fixed Rate		Maturity Date
$	18,558	2.64	%	March 15, 2026
$	13,506	2.64	%	March 17, 2026

The gain or loss on derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income or expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income or expense as interest payments are paid on the Company’s variable-rate loans and debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates $ 0.2 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense and an immaterial amount will be reclassified as a decrease to interest income.

Non-designated Hedges

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not considered speculative and result from a service the Company provides to certain customers. The Company executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting derivatives the Company executes with a third party, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings as a component of other noninterest income.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet:


	Notional Amount				Derivative Assets				Derivative Liabilities
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps	$	282,064	$	282,064	$	2,020	$	649	$	—	$	3,139
Interest rate collars	150,000		150,000		713		—		—		1,056
Total	$	432,064	$	432,064	$	2,733	$	649	$	—	$	4,195

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps	$	873,363	$	854,171	$	10,546	$	14,495	$	10,552	$	14,497

Derivative assets are reported in “Other assets” on the consolidated balance sheets. Derivative liabilities are are reported in “Other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets.

The table below presents a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company’s financial instruments subject to offsetting. The gross amounts of assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The fair value table above provides the location of financial assets and liabilities presented on the Balance Sheet.


As of September 30, 2025
							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
($ in thousands)	Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Fair Value Collateral Posted		Net Amount
Assets:
Interest rate swaps	$	12,566	$	—	$	12,566	$	3,391	$	6,650	$	2,525
Interest rate collars	713		—		713		—		—		713

Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	10,552	$	—	$	10,552	$	3,391	$	—	$	7,161

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	149,812		—		149,812		—		149,812		—


As of December 31, 2024
							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
($ in thousands)	Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Fair Value Collateral Posted		Net Amount
Assets:
Interest rate swaps	$	15,144	$	—	$	15,144	$	4,975	$	9,710	$	459


Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	17,636	$	—	$	17,636	$	4,975	$	—	$	12,661
Interest rate collars	1,056		—		1,056		—		—		1,056
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	244,618		—		244,618		—		244,618		—

As of September 30, 2025, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest, was $ 7.3 million. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and posts collateral related to derivatives in a net liability position. The Company has received cash collateral from derivative counterparties on contracts in a net asset position as noted in the tables above.

NOTE 7 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table summarizes financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:


	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Fair Value
Assets
Securities available-for-sale
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	—	$	244,506	$	—	$	244,506
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		524,746		—		524,746
Agency mortgage-backed securities	—		1,444,552		—		1,444,552
U.S. Treasury bills	—		114,041		—		114,041
Corporate debt securities	—		23,648		—		23,648
Total securities available-for-sale	—		2,351,493		—		2,351,493

Other investments	—		3,085		—		3,085

Derivative financial instruments	—		13,279		—		13,279
Total assets	$	—	$	2,367,857	$	—	$	2,367,857

Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments	$	—	$	10,552	$	—	$	10,552
Total liabilities	$	—	$	10,552	$	—	$	10,552


	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Fair Value
Assets
Securities available-for-sale
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	—	$	276,040	$	—	$	276,040
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		409,197		—		409,197
Agency mortgage-backed securities	—		1,027,394		—		1,027,394
U.S. Treasury bills	—		128,893		—		128,893
Corporate debt securities	—		20,746		—		20,746
Total securities available-for-sale	—		1,862,270		—		1,862,270

Other investments	—		2,983		—		2,983

Derivative financial instruments	—		15,144		—		15,144
Total assets	$	—	$	1,880,397	$	—	$	1,880,397

Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments	$	—	$	18,692	$	—	$	18,692
Total liabilities	$	—	$	18,692	$	—	$	18,692

From time to time, the Company measures certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These include assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. The amounts reported in the following tables include balances measured at fair value during the reporting period and still held as of the reporting date.




	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Individually-evaluated loans	$	2,490	$	—	$	—	$	2,490
Other real estate	7,821		—		—		7,821

Total	$	10,311	$	—	$	—	$	10,311


	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Individually-evaluated loans	$	15,370	$	—	$	—	$	15,370
Other real estate	3,955		—		—		3,955

Total	$	19,325	$	—	$	—	$	19,325

Following is a summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of certain financial instruments:


	September 30, 2025					December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated fair value		Level	Carrying Amount		Estimated fair value		Level
Balance sheet assets




Securities held-to-maturity, net	$	1,081,847	$	1,032,361	Level 2	$	928,935	$	858,871	Level 2
Other investments	91,042		91,042		Level 2	69,801		69,801		Level 2
Loans held-for-sale	681		681		Level 2	110		110		Level 2

Loans, net	11,434,255		11,401,145		Level 3	11,082,405		10,983,459		Level 3
State tax credits, held-for-sale	14,408		15,729		Level 3	14,663		15,518		Level 3

Servicing asset	3,253		4,853		Level 2	2,256		3,570		Level 2

Balance sheet liabilities
Certificates of deposit	$	1,651,173	$	1,636,546	Level 3	$	1,369,604	$	1,364,377	Level 3
Subordinated debentures and notes	93,617		92,150		Level 2	156,551		155,102		Level 2
FHLB advances	327,000		327,000		Level 2	—		—		Level 2
Other borrowings	247,006		223,538		Level 2	280,821		258,461		Level 2

For information regarding the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments refer to Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC.

NOTE 8 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stockholders’ Equity

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) after-tax by component:


Three months ended
($ in thousands)	Net Unrealized Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities		Unamortized Gain on Held-to-Maturity Securities		Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges		Total
Balance, June 30, 2025	$	( 97,979 )	$	6,869	$	2,125	$	( 88,985 )
Net change	21,677		( 636 )		( 76 )		20,965

Balance, September 30, 2025	$	( 76,302 )	$	6,233	$	2,049	$	( 68,020 )

Balance, June 30, 2024	$	( 129,292 )	$	9,335	$	( 2,182 )	$	( 122,139 )
Net change	38,033		( 619 )		5,890		43,304

Balance, September 30, 2024	$	( 91,259 )	$	8,716	$	3,708	$	( 78,835 )


Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities		Unamortized Gain on Held-to-Maturity Securities		Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges		Total
Balance, December 31, 2024	$	( 122,132 )	$	8,088	$	( 2,674 )	$	( 116,718 )
Net change	45,830		( 1,855 )		4,723		48,698
Balance, September 30, 2025	$	( 76,302 )	$	6,233	$	2,049	$	( 68,020 )

Balance, December 31, 2023	$	( 112,844 )	$	10,580	$	1,249	$	( 101,015 )
Net change	21,585		( 1,864 )		2,459		22,180
Balance, September 30, 2024	$	( 91,259 )	$	8,716	$	3,708	$	( 78,835 )

The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of other comprehensive income (loss):


	Three months ended September 30,
	2025						2024
($ in thousands)	Pre-tax		Tax effect		After-tax		Pre-tax		Tax effect		After-tax
Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities	$	28,826	$	7,149	$	21,677	$	50,576	$	12,543	$	38,033

Reclassification of gain on held-to-maturity securities (a)	( 846 )		( 210 )		( 636 )		( 823 )		( 204 )		( 619 )
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges	( 489 )		( 121 )		( 368 )		7,303		1,811		5,492
Reclassification of loss on cash flow hedges (b)	388		96		292		529		131		398
Total other comprehensive gain	$	27,879	$	6,914	$	20,965	$	57,585	$	14,281	$	43,304


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2025						2024
($ in thousands)	Pre-tax		Tax effect		After-tax		Pre-tax		Tax effect		After-tax
Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities	$	61,051	$	15,141	$	45,910	$	28,703	$	7,118	$	21,585
Reclassification of gain on sale of available-for-sale securities (a)	( 106 )		( 26 )		( 80 )		—		—		—
Reclassification of gain on held-to-maturity securities (a)	( 2,467 )		( 612 )		( 1,855 )		( 2,479 )		( 615 )		( 1,864 )
Change in unrealized loss on cash flow hedges	5,302		1,315		3,987		1,828		453		1,375
Reclassification of loss on cash flow hedges (b)	978		242		736		1,441		357		1,084
Total other comprehensive gain	$	64,758	$	16,060	$	48,698	$	29,493	$	7,313	$	22,180

(a) The pre-tax amount is reported in noninterest income/expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(b) The pre-tax amount is reported in interest income/expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

NOTE 9 - SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following table presents other income and other expense components, including items that exceed one percent of the aggregate of total interest income and noninterest income in one or more of the periods indicated:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Other income:
Bank-owned life insurance	$	2,062	$	1,123	$	5,494	$	2,842
Community development fees	309		1,177		2,442		2,143
Net gain on sales of other real estate owned	7		3,159		86		3,157
Gain on SBA loan sales	1,140		—		4,188		1,415
Insurance recoveries 1	32,112		—		32,112		—
Other income	3,253		2,888		9,389		7,750
Total other noninterest income	$	38,883	$	8,347	$	53,711	$	17,307

Other expense:
Amortization of intangibles	$	736	$	927	$	2,344	$	2,918
Banking expenses	2,107		2,337		6,432		6,146
FDIC and other insurance	3,565		3,288		10,142		10,030
Loan, legal expenses	3,435		2,215		8,870		6,639
Outside services	1,456		1,548		3,971		4,747
Other expenses	9,142		7,037		24,433		21,687
Total other noninterest expenses	$	20,441	$	17,352	$	56,192	$	52,167

1 Represents anticipated recapture of $ 24.1 million solar tax credit and approximately $ 8.0 million of estimated tax liability related to anticipated proceeds from pending insurance claim related to the recapture event.

NOTE 10 - SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has determined it has one operating and reportable segment. The economic characteristics, including the nature, the type or class of customer, and the nature of the regulatory environment of the products, services and business lines of the Company are all similar. The Company provides a full range of banking services, including mortgage, tax credit brokerage, wealth management and traditional banking services, to individuals and corporate customers. Refer to “Item 1. Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for the accounting policies of the Company.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the chief executive officer. The operating results that are regularly reviewed by the CODM are the consolidated results of the Company. The CODM uses the consolidated results of the Company in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the segment or into other parts of the entity, such as for acquisitions or to pay dividends. The CODM assesses performance for the segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income, reported on the income statement as consolidated net income. The CODM is provided with the consolidated financial statement package on a monthly basis.

The Company considered the following factors, among others, in determining significant segment expenses: the magnitude of the expense item and its relevance to the segment’s performance, the variability and volatility of the expense item, and whether the expenses are used by the CODM. The Company’s significant segment revenues and expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM, including the Company’s profit or loss, have been included within the primary financial statements and notes thereto. Refer to “Item 1. Financial Statements” and “Item 1. Note 9 - Supplemental Financial Information” for these figures.

NOTE 11 - SUBORDINATED NOTES

On May 21, 2020, the Company issued $ 63.3 million of 5.75 % fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due in 2030 in a public offering (the “2030 Notes”). From the date of issuance, the 2030 Notes bore interest at a rate equal to 5.75 % per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on each June 1 and December 1. Beginning June 1, 2025, the 2030 Notes bore interest at a floating rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate of three-month term SOFR (as defined in the Indenture, dated May 21, 2020, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, and subsequent First Supplemental Indenture), plus 566 basis points. On September 2, 2025, the Company redeemed the 2030 Notes funded through the issuance of a $ 63.3 million senior note at a rate of one-month Term SOFR plus a spread of 250 basis points. Prior to being redeemed, the 2030 Notes bore interest at a floating rate equal to 9.98 % per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year.

NOTE 12 - OTHER BORROWINGS

Revolving Credit Line and Term Loan Option

The Company entered into a credit agreement with another bank that includes a senior unsecured revolving credit commitment (the “Revolving Commitment”) and an option for a single advance term loan draw (“Term Loan”), collectively the “Loan Agreement”. The Revolving Commitment has a one-year term that was renewed in the second quarter of 2025 and was effective as of February 22, 2025, maturing on February 21, 2026. The Revolving Commitment allows for borrowings up to $ 25 million, and has an interest rate of one-month Term SOFR plus 185 basis points until February 2026. The proceeds can be used for general corporate purposes. The revolving credit line was not accessed in 2025 or 2024.

On September 2, 2025, the Company drew on the $ 63.3 million Term Loan for the specific purpose of redeeming the 2030 Notes. The Term Loan is payable in 20 equal quarterly installments on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 with a final installment due on the five year anniversary of the initial advance date. The interest rate of the Term Loan is one-month Term SOFR plus 250 basis points.

The Loan Agreement is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants as well as specified financial covenants. A fee of 0.40 % annually is assessed against the unused commitments.

NOTE 13 - INCOME TAXES

During the third quarter 2025, a solar provider from which the Company had purchased $24.1 million of transferrable solar tax credits declared bankruptcy. The bankrupt solar provider indirectly owned, through a complex structure of multiple entities, the solar projects generating the tax credits that the Company purchased. As part of the bankruptcy, the bankrupt solar provider sold and transferred equity interests in certain of those entities. As a result of this transfer, the $24.1 million of solar tax credits purchased by the Company were recaptured. The Company previously purchased an insurance policy to insure against recapture risk and anticipates proceeds from the insurance policy to cover the $24.1 million of recaptured tax credits and approximately $ 8.0 million of incremental tax liability attributable to the anticipated insurance proceeds from the insured recaptured credits. The anticipated proceeds from the insurance policy and increased tax liability are included in “Noninterest Income” and “Income Tax Expense”, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

NOTE 14 - SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On October 10, 2025, the Company completed its previously-announced acquisition via purchase and assumption agreement dated April 28, 2025 (the “Purchase Agreement”), with First Interstate Bank (“First Interstate”) pursuant to which the Bank acquired twelve branches (the “Branches”) from First Interstate, including certain deposits and loans, and the owned real estate and fixed and other assets associated with the Branches. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Bank assumed approximately $ 641.6 million in deposits and purchased approximately $ 297.4 million of performing loans associated with the Branches.

ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains information and statements that are considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on the Company, and include, without limitation, statements about the Company’s plans, strategies, goals, objectives, expectations, or consequences of statements about the future performance, operations, products and services of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as statements about the Company’s expectations regarding revenue and asset growth, financial performance and profitability, loan and deposit growth, yields and returns, loan diversification and credit management, products and services, stockholder value creation and the impact of acquisitions. Forward-looking statements are typically identified with the use of terms such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “could,” “continue,” “intend,” and the negative and other variations of these terms and similar words and expressions, although some forward-looking statements may be expressed differently. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties and our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. You should be aware that our actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements.

While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include the following, without limitation: the Company’s ability to efficiently integrate acquisitions into its operations, retain the customers of these businesses and grow the acquired operations, the Company’s ability to collect insurance proceeds from claims made related to tax recapture events, credit risk, changes in the appraised valuation of real estate securing impaired loans, outcomes of litigation and other contingencies, exposure to general and local economic and market conditions, high unemployment rates, higher inflation and its impacts (including U.S. federal government measures to address higher inflation), impacts of trade and tariff policies, U.S. fiscal debt, budget and tax matters (including the effect of a prolonged U.S. federal government shutdown), and any slowdown in global economic growth, risks associated with rapid increases or decreases in prevailing interest rates, our ability to attract and retain deposits and access to other sources of liquidity, consolidation in the banking industry, competition from banks and other financial institutions, the Company’s ability to attract and retain relationship officers and other key personnel, burdens imposed by federal and state regulation, changes in legislative or regulatory requirements, as well as current, pending or future legislation or regulation that could have a negative effect on our revenue and businesses, including rules and regulations relating to bank products and financial services, changes in accounting policies and practices or accounting standards, natural disasters (such as wildfires and earthquakes), terrorist activities, war and geopolitical matters (including the war in Israel and potential for a broader regional conflict and the war in Ukraine and the imposition of additional sanctions and export controls in connection therewith), or pandemics, and their effects on economic and business environments in which we operate, including the related disruption to the financial market and other economic activity; and other risks discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and other reports filed with the SEC, all of which could cause the Company’s actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. The Company cautions that the preceding list is not exhaustive of all possible risk factors and other factors could also adversely affect the Company’s results.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis and expectations only as of the date of such statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company does not intend, and undertakes no obligation, to publicly revise or update forward-looking statements after the date of this report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by federal securities law. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risk factors. Readers should carefully review all disclosures we file from time to time with the SEC which are available on the Company’s website at www.enterprisebank.com under “Investor Relations.”

Introduction

The following discussion describes the significant changes to the financial condition of the Company that have occurred during the first nine months of 2025 compared to the financial condition as of December 31, 2024. In addition, this discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting the results of operations of the Company for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the linked second quarter of 2025 (“linked quarter”) and the results of operations, liquidity and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 (“prior year-to-date period”). In light of the nature of the Company’s business, the Company’s management believes that the comparison to the linked quarter is the most relevant to understand the financial results from management’s perspective. For purposes of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company is presenting a comparison to the corresponding prior year-to-date period. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company’s critical accounting policies are considered important to the understanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. These accounting policies require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. Because these estimates and judgments are based on current circumstances, they may change over time or prove to be inaccurate based on actual experience. If different assumptions or conditions were to prevail, and depending upon the severity of such changes, the possibility of a materially different financial condition and/or results of operations could reasonably be expected.

A full description of our critical accounting policies and the impact and any associated risks related to those policies on our business operations are discussed throughout “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company has prepared all of the consolidated financial information in this report in accordance with GAAP. The Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include the valuation of loans, goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets, along with assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using loss experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. We adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statement in future periods. There can be no assurances that actual results will not differ from those estimates.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company maintains separate allowances for funded loans, unfunded loans, and held-to-maturity securities, collectively referred to as the ACL. The ACL is a valuation account to adjust the cost basis to the amount expected to be collected, based on management’s experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For purposes of determining the allowance for funded and unfunded loans, the portfolios are segregated into pools that share similar risk characteristics that are then further segregated by credit grades. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are not included in the collective evaluation. The Company estimates the amount of the allowance based on loan loss experience, adjusted for current and forecasted economic conditions, including unemployment, changes in GDP, and commercial and residential real estate prices. The Company’s forecast of economic conditions uses internal and external information and considers a weighted average of a baseline, upside, and downside scenarios. Because economic conditions can change and are difficult to predict, the anticipated amount of estimated loan defaults and losses, and therefore the adequacy of the allowance, could change significantly and have a direct impact on the Company’s credit costs. The Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans was $148.9 million at September 30, 2025 based on the weighting of the different economic scenarios. As a hypothetical example, if the Company had only used the upside scenario, the allowance would have decreased $30.7 million. Conversely, the allowance would have increased $44.9 million using only the downside scenario.

Executive Summary

Below are highlights of the Company’s financial performance for the periods indicated.


($ in thousands, except per share data)	Three months ended									Nine months ended
	September 30, 2025			June 30, 2025			September 30, 2024			September 30, 2025			September 30, 2024
EARNINGS
Total interest income	$	225,390		$	218,967		$	216,304		$	656,137		$	635,671
Total interest expense	67,104			66,205			72,835			197,573			213,945
Net interest income	158,286			152,762			143,469			458,564			421,726
Provision for credit losses	8,447			3,470			4,099			17,101			14,674
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	149,839			149,292			139,370			441,463			407,052
Total noninterest income	48,624			20,604			21,420			87,711			49,072
Total noninterest expense	109,790			105,702			98,007			315,275			285,525
Income before income tax expense	88,673			64,194			62,783			213,899			170,599
Income tax expense	43,438			12,810			12,198			67,319			34,167
Net income	$	45,235		$	51,384		$	50,585		$	146,580		$	136,432
Preferred dividends	938			937			938			2,813			2,813
Net income available to common stockholders	$	44,297		$	50,447		$	49,647		$	143,767		$	133,619

Basic earnings per common share	$	1.20		$	1.36		$	1.33		$	3.89		$	3.57
Diluted earnings per common share	$	1.19		$	1.36		$	1.32		$	3.86		$	3.56

Return on average assets	1.11		%	1.30		%	1.36		%	1.23		%	1.24		%
Adjusted return on average assets 1	1.12		%	1.31		%	1.32		%	1.24		%	1.24		%
Return on average common equity	9.29		%	11.03		%	11.40		%	10.45		%	10.55		%
Adjusted return on average common equity 1	9.40		%	11.12		%	11.09		%	10.51		%	10.58		%
Return on average tangible common equity 1	11.56		%	13.84		%	14.55		%	13.10		%	13.56		%
Adjusted return on average tangible common equity 1	11.70		%	13.96		%	14.16		%	13.18		%	13.60		%
Net interest margin (tax equivalent)	4.23		%	4.21		%	4.17		%	4.20		%	4.17		%

Efficiency ratio	53.06		%	60.97		%	59.44		%	57.71		%	60.65		%
Core efficiency ratio 1	60.98		%	59.32		%	58.42		%	59.71		%	58.89		%
Common dividend payout ratio 2	26.05		%	22.06		%	20.45		%	23.32		%	21.91		%
Book value per common share	$	51.62		$	50.09		$	47.33
Tangible book value per common share 1	$	41.58		$	40.02		$	37.26
Average common equity to average assets	11.70		%	11.56		%	11.67		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 1	9.60		%	9.42		%	9.50		%

ASSET QUALITY
Net charge-offs	$	4,057		$	630		$	3,850		$	3,628		$	10,319
Nonperforming loans	127,878			105,807			28,376
Nonaccrual loans	78,831			56,752			28,149
Classified assets	352,792			281,162			179,883
Total assets	16,402,405			16,076,299			14,954,125
Total loans	11,583,109			11,408,840			11,079,892
Classified assets to total assets	2.15		%	1.75		%	1.20		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans	1.10		%	0.93		%	0.26		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.83		%	0.71		%	0.22		%
ACL on loans to total loans	1.29		%	1.27		%	1.26		%
Net charge-offs to average loans (annualized)	0.14		%	0.02		%	0.14		%	0.04		%	0.13		%
1 A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this section under the caption “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
2 Dividends per common share divided by diluted earnings per common share.

Financial results and other notable items include:

• PPNR 1 - PPNR of $65.6 million for the third quarter of 2025 and $199.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $2.5 million from the linked quarter and increased $14.1 million from the prior year-to-date period. Excluding the anticipated insurance proceeds from the tax credit recapture included in noninterest income, the decrease from the linked quarter was primarily due to a decrease in noninterest income and an increase in noninterest expense, partially offset by higher net interest income from higher average balances in the loan and securities portfolios. Compared to the prior year-to-date period, the increase was primarily driven by higher net interest income that benefited from an increase in average interest-earning asset balances and lower rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

• Net interest income and NIM - Net interest income of $158.3 million for the third quarter of 2025 and $458.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $5.5 million and $36.8 million from the linked and prior year-to-date periods, respectively. NIM was 4.23% for the third quarter of 2025 and 4.20% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 4.21% and 4.17% for the linked and prior year-to-date periods, respectively. Compared to the linked and prior year-to-date periods, the increase in net interest income was primarily due to higher average loan and securities balances, as well as higher yields on the securities portfolio. Compared to the prior year-to-date period, net interest income also benefited from lower short-term interest rates that decreased deposit interest expense. Since September 2024, the Federal Reserve has reduced the federal funds target rate 125 basis points. In response, the Company has proactively adjusted deposit pricing to partially mitigate the impact on income from the repricing of variable rate loans.

• Noninterest income - Noninterest income of $48.6 million for the third quarter of 2025 and $87.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $28.0 million and $38.6 million from the linked and prior year-to-date periods, respectively. The increase in noninterest income from the linked and prior year-to-date periods was primarily due to the $32.1 million of anticipated insurance proceeds from the pending claim related to the tax credit recapture event during the quarter. Compared to the prior year-to-date period, the increase was also due to a $1.6 million increase in tax credit income, a $2.7 million increase in BOLI income, and a $2.8 million increase in gain on SBA loan sales.

• Noninterest expense - Noninterest expense of $109.8 million for the third quarter of 2025 and $315.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $4.1 million and $29.8 million from the linked and prior year-to-date periods, respectively. The increase from the linked and prior year-to-date periods was primarily driven by variable deposit costs and higher loan and legal expenses related to loan workouts and OREO. Compared to the prior year-to-date period, the increase was also due to a $12.9 million increase in employee compensation.

Balance sheet highlights:

• Loans – Total loans increased $362.8 million, or 3%, to $11.6 billion at September 30, 2025, compared to $11.2 billion at December 31, 2024. Average loans totaled $11.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $11.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

• Deposits – Total deposits increased $421.4 million, to $13.6 billion at September 30, 2025 from $13.1 billion at December 31, 2024. Average deposits totaled $13.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $12.4 billion for the prior year-to-date period. Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts represented 32% of total deposits and the loan to deposit ratio was 85% at September 30, 2025, compared to 34% and 85%, respectively, at December 31, 2024.

1 PPNR is a non-GAAP measure. Refer to discussion and reconciliation of this measure in the accompanying financial tables.

• Asset quality – The allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans was 1.29% at September 30, 2025, compared to 1.23% at December 31, 2024. The ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets was 0.83% at September 30, 2025 compared to 0.30% at December 31, 2024. A provision for credit losses of $8.4 million and $17.1 million was recorded in the third quarter of 2025 and the nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. This compares to $3.5 million and $14.7 million in the linked and prior year-to-date periods, respectively. During the third quarter 2025, a $12 million life insurance premium loan with adequate collateralization migrated into nonperforming assets. This relationship, along with a Southern California relationship discussed in the Nonperforming Assets section below, represents approximately 60% of nonperforming assets at September 30, 2025. The Company has a high certainty of collection for both of these relationships.

• Stockholders’ equity – Total stockholders’ equity was $2.0 billion at September 30, 2025, compared to $1.8 billion at December 31, 2024, and the tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio 2 was 9.60% at September 30, 2025 compared to 9.05% at December 31, 2024. The Company and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios exceeded the “well-capitalized” levels at September 30, 2025.

The Company’s Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.32 per share of common stock, payable on December 31, 2025 to stockholders of record as of December 15, 2025. The Board also declared a cash dividend of $12.50 per share of Series A Preferred Stock (or $0.3125 per depositary share) representing a 5% per annum rate for the period commencing (and including) September 15, 2025 to (but excluding) December 15, 2025. The dividend will be payable on December 15, 2025 to holders of record of Series A Preferred Stock as of November 28, 2025.

2 Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio is a non-GAAP measure. Refer to discussion and reconciliation of this measure in the accompanying financial tables.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin

Average Balance Sheet

The following tables present, for the periods indicated, certain information related to our average interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the corresponding interest rates earned and paid, all on a tax equivalent basis.


	Three months ended September 30,						Three months ended June 30,						Three months ended September 30,
	2025						2025						2024
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/ Rate
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Loans 1, 2	$	11,454,183	$	191,589	6.64	%	$	11,358,209	$	188,007	6.64	%	$	10,971,575	$	191,638	6.95	%
Taxable securities	2,100,748		21,705		4.10		1,971,025		19,940		4.06		1,512,338		13,530		3.56
Non-taxable securities 2	1,252,557		11,503		3.64		1,177,985		10,390		3.54		990,786		7,874		3.16
Total securities	3,353,305		33,208		3.93		3,149,010		30,330		3.86		2,503,124		21,404		3.40
Interest-earning deposits	328,392		3,638		4.40		315,738		3,368		4.28		402,932		5,348		5.28
Total interest-earning assets	15,135,880		228,435		5.99		14,822,957		221,705		6.00		13,877,631		218,390		6.26
Noninterest-earning assets	1,042,208						1,036,764						971,824
Total assets	$	16,178,088					$	15,859,721					$	14,849,455

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand accounts	$	3,298,022	$	17,488	2.10	%	$	3,225,611	$	17,152	2.13	%	$	3,018,309	$	20,002	2.64	%
Money market accounts	3,706,891		28,734		3.08		3,660,053		28,437		3.12		3,551,492		33,493		3.75
Savings accounts	532,015		183		0.14		532,754		183		0.14		561,466		345		0.24
Certificates of deposit	1,609,346		15,210		3.75		1,486,522		14,207		3.83		1,368,339		14,928		4.34
Total interest-bearing deposits	9,146,274		61,615		2.67		8,904,940		59,979		2.70		8,499,606		68,768		3.22
Subordinated debentures and notes	136,895		2,683		7.78		156,753		2,737		7.00		156,329		2,695		6.86
FHLB advances	106,130		1,207		4.51		156,868		1,801		4.61		4,565		59		5.14
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	159,039		1,155		2.88		209,493		1,592		3.05		140,255		1,217		3.45
Other borrowings	56,164		444		3.14		36,208		96		1.06		36,226		96		1.05
Total interest-bearing liabilities	9,604,502		67,104		2.77		9,464,262		66,205		2.81		8,836,981		72,835		3.28
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits	4,458,028						4,340,301						4,046,480
Other liabilities	151,432						149,069						161,625
Total liabilities	14,213,962						13,953,632						13,045,086
Stockholders’ equity	1,964,126						1,906,089						1,804,369
Total liabilities & stockholders’ equity	$	16,178,088					$	15,859,721					$	14,849,455
Net interest income			$	161,331					$	155,500					$	145,555
Net interest spread					3.22	%					3.19	%					2.98	%
Net interest margin					4.23	%					4.21	%					4.17	%

1 Average balances include nonaccrual loans. Interest income includes net loan fees of $1.9 million, $1.8 million, and $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, June 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively.
2 Non-taxable income is presented on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of approximately 25%. The tax-equivalent adjustments were $3.0 million, $2.7 million, and $2.1 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2025, June 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively.


	Nine months ended
	September 30, 2025						September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Loans 1, 2	$	11,351,848	$	561,635	6.61	%	$	10,954,063	$	567,687	6.92	%
Taxable securities	1,964,496		59,270		4.03		1,451,317		37,601		3.46
Non-taxable securities 2	1,181,460		31,360		3.55		982,342		23,250		3.16
Total securities	3,145,956		90,630		3.85		2,433,659		60,851		3.34
Interest-earning deposits	373,870		12,130		4.34		332,409		13,306		5.35
Total interest-earning assets	14,871,674		664,395		5.97		13,720,131		641,844		6.25
Noninterest-earning assets	1,023,889						964,458
Total assets	$	15,895,563					$	14,684,589

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand accounts	$	3,230,832	$	51,697	2.14	%	$	2,964,667	$	57,415	2.59	%
Money market accounts	3,656,546		85,675		3.13		3,462,993		96,777		3.73
Savings accounts	533,084		555		0.14		573,853		983		0.23
Certificates of deposit	1,491,047		42,933		3.85		1,374,176		44,441		4.32
Total interest-bearing deposits	8,911,509		180,860		2.71		8,375,689		199,616		3.18
Subordinated debentures and notes	150,015		7,982		7.11		156,188		7,863		6.72
FHLB advances	96,396		3,295		4.57		39,427		1,649		5.59
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	211,429		4,764		3.01		167,939		4,422		3.52
Other borrowings	42,932		672		2.09		38,381		395		1.37
Total interest-bearing liabilities	9,412,281		197,573		2.81		8,777,624		213,945		3.26
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits	4,420,552						3,982,015
Other liabilities	151,199						161,033
Total liabilities	13,984,032						12,920,672
Stockholders' equity	1,911,531						1,763,917
Total liabilities & stockholders' equity	$	15,895,563					$	14,684,589
Net interest income			$	466,822					$	427,899
Net interest spread					3.16	%					2.99	%
Net interest margin					4.20	%					4.17	%

1 Average balances include nonaccrual loans. Interest income includes net loan fees of $5.3 million and $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively.
2 Non-taxable income is presented on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of approximately 25%. The tax-equivalent adjustments were $8.3 million and $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively.

Rate/Volume

The following table sets forth, on a tax-equivalent basis for the periods indicated, a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense resulting from changes in yield/rates and volume.


	Three months ended September 30, 2025						Nine months ended September 30, 2025
	compared to						compared to
	Three months ended June 30, 2025						Nine months ended September 30, 2024
	Increase (decrease) due to						Increase (decrease) due to
($ in thousands)	Volume 1		Rate 2		Net		Volume 1		Rate 2		Net
Interest earned on:



Loans	$	3,423	$	159	$	3,582	$	20,036	$	(26,088)	$	(6,052)
Taxable securities	1,528		237		1,765		14,758		6,911		21,669
Non-taxable securities 3	756		357		1,113		5,055		3,055		8,110
Interest-earning deposits	161		109		270		1,529		(2,705)		(1,176)
Total interest-earning assets	$	5,868	$	862	$	6,730	$	41,378	$	(18,827)	$	22,551

Interest paid on:
Interest-bearing demand accounts	$	503	$	(167)	$	336	$	4,827	$	(10,545)	(5,718)
Money market accounts	517		(220)		297		5,157		(16,259)		(11,102)
Savings accounts	—		—		—		(66)		(362)		(428)
Certificates of deposit	1,290		(287)		1,003		3,578		(5,086)		(1,508)
Subordinated debentures and notes	(355)		301		(54)		(321)		440		119
FHLB advances	(559)		(35)		(594)		1,994		(348)		1,646
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(356)		(81)		(437)		1,036		(694)		342
Other borrowed funds	77		271		348		51		226		277
Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,117		(218)		899		16,256		(32,628)		(16,372)
Net interest income	$	4,751	$	1,080	$	5,831	$	25,122	$	13,801	38,923

1 Change in volume multiplied by yield/rate of prior period.

2 Change in yield/rate multiplied by volume of prior period.

3 Nontaxable income is presented on a tax equivalent basis.

NOTE: The change in interest due to both rate and volume has been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

Net interest income on a tax equivalent basis of $161.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 and $466.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, increased $5.8 million and $38.9 million from the linked and prior year-to-date periods, respectively. The increase from the linked quarter reflects organic loan growth and continued investment in the securities portfolio, partially offset by an increase in average balances of interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income for the current quarter also benefited by one additional day compared to the linked quarter. On September 2, 2025, the Company called $63.3 million of subordinated debt at a floating rate of three-month Term SOFR plus a spread of 5.66% that was replaced by a $63.3 million single advance term loan. The term loan is payable in quarterly installments on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 with a final installment due on the five year anniversary of the initial advance date. The interest rate on the term loan is one-month Term SOFR plus 2.50%. The cost of interest-bearing deposits has declined due to lower short-term rates, partially offset by an increase in average deposit balances. Since September 2024, the Federal Reserve has reduced the federal funds target rate 125 basis points. In response, the Company has proactively adjusted deposit pricing to partially mitigate the impact on income from the repricing of variable rate loans.

Compared to the linked quarter, tax equivalent interest income increased $6.7 million primarily due to an increase of $96.0 million in average loan balances, an increase of $204.3 million in average securities balances, and a seven basis point increase in yield on securities due to new purchases and the reinvestment of cash flows from the runoff of lower yielding investments. The average interest rate of new loan originations in the third quarter of 2025 was 6.98%, a decrease of 28 basis points from the linked quarter. Investment purchases in the third quarter of 2025 had a weighted average, tax equivalent yield of 4.99%.

Tax equivalent interest income increased $22.6 million over the prior year-to-date period primarily due to a $397.8 million increase in average loan balances, a $712.3 million increase in average securities balances, and a 51 basis point increase in yield on securities. These increases were partially offset by a 31 basis point decline in the loan yield to 6.61%, from 6.92% in the prior year-to-date period.

Compared to the linked quarter, interest expense increased $0.9 million primarily due to organic growth in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits, an increase in wholesale borrowings and the higher rate incurred on subordinated debt for two months in the quarter. These increases were partially offset by a decline in the average balance of customer repurchase agreements and a reduction in the cost of interest-bearing deposits due to the Federal Reserve’s reduction in the target federal funds rate. The total cost of deposits, including noninterest-bearing demand accounts, was 1.80% during the third quarter 2025, compared to 1.82% in the linked quarter.

Interest expense decreased $16.4 million compared to the prior year-to-date period primarily due to a 47 basis point decline in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits, including a 60 basis point decline in the average cost of money market accounts, partially offset by organic growth in the deposit portfolio. The total cost of deposits, including noninterest-bearing demand accounts, was 1.81% during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 2.16% in the prior year-to-date period.

NIM, on a tax equivalent basis, was 4.23% in the third quarter of 2025 and 4.20% for the first nine months of 2025, an increase of two basis points and three basis points from the linked and prior year-to-date periods, respectively.

Noninterest Income

The following table presents a comparative summary of the major components of noninterest income for the periods indicated.


	Linked quarter comparison								Prior year comparison
	Quarter ended								Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		June 30, 2025		Increase (decrease)				September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024		Increase (decrease)
Deposit service charges	$	4,935	$	4,940	$	(5)	—	%	$	14,295	$	13,614	$	681	5	%
Wealth management revenue	2,571		2,584		(13)		(1)	%	7,814		7,733		81		1	%
Card services revenue	2,535		2,444		91		4	%	7,374		7,482		(108)		(1)	%
Tax credit income (loss)	(300)		2,207		(2,507)		(114)	%	4,517		2,936		1,581		54	%

Insurance recoveries	32,112		—		32,112		—	%	32,112		—		32,112		—	%
Other income	6,771		8,429		(1,658)		(20)	%	21,599		17,307		4,292		25	%

Total noninterest income	$	48,624	$	20,604	$	28,020	136	%	$	87,711	$	49,072	$	38,639	79	%

Total noninterest income for the third quarter of 2025 was $48.6 million, an increase of $28.0 million from the linked quarter primarily driven by the $32.1 million in accrued insurance proceeds that are anticipated to be received as a result of the recaptured tax credits during the current quarter, partially offset by lower tax credit income and other income. Tax credit income is typically highest in the fourth quarter of each year and will vary in other periods based on transaction volumes and fair value changes on credits carried at fair value. The decrease in other income was primarily due to a decrease of $0.5 million in BOLI income, as well as a $1.1 million decrease in community development investment income. During the linked quarter, the Company received the payout of a BOLI policy that did not recur in the third quarter 2025. Community development investment income is not a consistent source of income and fluctuates based on distributions from the underlying funds.

Total noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $87.7 million, an increase from the prior year-to-date period of $38.6 million. The increase was primarily driven by the $32.1 million in accrued insurance proceeds that are anticipated to be received as a result of the recaptured tax credits during the current quarter, an increase of $1.6 million in tax credit income, which varies based on transaction volumes and fair value changes on credits carried at fair value, and a $4.3 million increase in other income. Other income increased compared to the prior year-to-date period primarily due to a $2.7 million increase in BOLI income and a $2.8 million increase in gain on SBA loan sales. On a periodic basis, the Company will opportunistically sell SBA guaranteed loans. The Company sold $78.0 million and $23.1 million of the guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively. A gain on sale of $4.2 million and $1.4 million was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents a comparative summary of the major components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated.


	Linked quarter comparison											Prior year comparison
	Quarter ended											Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025			June 30, 2025			Increase (decrease)					September 30, 2025			September 30, 2024			Increase (decrease)
Employee compensation and benefits	$	49,640		$	50,164		$	(524)		(1)	%	$	148,012		$	135,145		$	12,867		10	%
Deposit costs	27,172			24,765			2,407			10	%	75,760			65,764			9,996			15	%
Occupancy	4,895			5,065			(170)			(3)	%	14,390			12,895			1,495			12	%
Data processing	5,022			4,713			309			7	%	14,544			15,226			(682)			(4)	%
Professional fees	2,620			2,029			591			29	%	6,377			4,328			2,049			47	%




Other expense	20,441			18,966			1,475			8	%	56,192			52,167			4,025			8	%
Total noninterest expense	$	109,790		$	105,702		$	4,088		4	%	$	315,275		$	285,525		$	29,750		10	%

Efficiency ratio	53.1		%	61.0		%	(8)		%			57.7		%	60.6		%	(3)		%
Core efficiency ratio 3	61.0		%	59.3		%	2		%			59.7		%	58.9		%	1		%

3 Core efficiency ratio is a non-GAAP measure. Refer to discussion and reconciliation of this measure in the accompanying financial tables.

Noninterest expense was $109.8 million for the third quarter of 2025, an increase of $4.1 million from $105.7 million in the linked quarter. Deposit costs relate to certain businesses in the deposit verticals that receive an earnings credit allowance for deposit related expenses that are impacted by interest rates and average balances. Deposit costs increased $2.4 million from the linked quarter primarily due to an increase of $146.0 million in average deposit vertical balances from the linked quarter. Acquisition costs of $0.6 million during the quarter relate to the previously announced branch acquisition that closed on October 10, 2025.

Total noninterest expense of $315.3 million for the first nine months of 2025 increased $29.8 million from the prior year-to-date period primarily due to an increase of $12.9 million in employee compensation related to the associate base and merit increases throughout 2024 and 2025, a $10.0 million increase in deposit costs due to higher earnings credit allowances and deposit vertical average balances, and an increase of $1.1 million in acquisition costs related to the previously announced branch acquisition. These increases were partially offset by a decline in core conversion expenses due to the completion of the core implementation in the fourth quarter 2024 and the FDIC special assessment that did not recur in the current period.

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate was 49.0% for the third quarter of 2025 and 31.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This compares to 20.0% for the linked quarter and prior year-to-date period, respectively. Included in the tax expense during the current quarter is $24.1 million in transferrable tax credits that were recaptured as discussed above and approximately $8.0 million of incremental tax liability attributable to the anticipated insurance proceeds from the insured recaptured credits. Excluding these items, the adjusted effective tax rate 4 was 20.0% and 19.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

Summary Balance Sheet


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		Increase (decrease)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	471,955	$	764,170	$	(292,215)	(38)	%
Securities	3,433,340		2,791,205		642,135		23	%
Loans	11,583,109		11,220,355		362,754		3	%
Assets	16,402,405		15,596,431		805,974		5	%
Deposits	13,567,912		13,146,492		421,420		3	%
Liabilities	14,420,073		13,772,429		647,644		5	%
Stockholders’ equity	1,982,332		1,824,002		158,330		9	%

Total assets were $16.4 billion at September 30, 2025, an increase of $806.0 million from December 31, 2024 primarily due to a $642.1 million increase in investment securities and a $362.8 million increase in loans, partially offset by a $292.2 million decrease in cash and cash equivalents. Total liabilities of $14.4 billion increased $647.6 million from December 31, 2024 primarily due to a $327.0 million increase in FHLB advances and a $421.4 million increase in deposits.

Investment Securities

At September 30, 2025, investment securities were $3.4 billion or 21% of total assets compared to $2.8 billion or 18% of total assets at December 31, 2024. The portfolio is comprised of both available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.

4 Adjusted effective tax rate is a non-GAAP measure. Refer to discussion and reconciliation of this measure in the accompanying financial tables.

The table below sets forth the carrying value of investment securities, excluding the allowance for credit losses:


	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amount		%		Amount		%
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	244,506	7.1	%	$	276,040	9.9	%
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	1,450,575		42.3	%	1,168,256		41.9	%
Agency mortgage-backed securities	1,489,389		43.4	%	1,075,306		38.5	%
U.S. Treasury Bills	114,041		3.3	%	128,893		4.6	%
Corporate debt securities	134,999		3.9	%	142,967		5.1	%
Total	$	3,433,510	100.0	%	$	2,791,462	100.0	%


Net Unrealized Losses
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Available-for-sale securities	$	(102,269)	$	(163,212)
Held-to-maturity securities	(49,656)		(70,321)
Total	$	(151,925)	$	(233,533)

Investment purchases in the third quarter of 2025 had a weighted average, tax equivalent yield of 4.99%. The average duration of the investment portfolio was 5.2 years at September 30, 2025. The Company leverages the investment portfolio to lengthen the overall duration of the balance sheet, primarily using high-quality municipal securities. The expected cash flow from pay downs, maturities and interest over the next 12 months is approximately $591.7 million.

Loans by Type

The Company has a diversified loan portfolio, with no particular concentration of credit in any one economic sector; however, a large part of the portfolio, including the C&I category, is secured by real estate. The ability of the Company’s borrowers to honor their contractual obligations is partially dependent upon the local economy and its effect on the real estate market.

The following table sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio by type of loans:


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		Increase (decrease)
Commercial and industrial	$	4,943,561	$	4,716,689	$	226,872	5	%
Commercial real estate - investor owned	2,822,608		2,606,964		215,644		8	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	2,356,041		2,367,823		(11,782)		—	%
Construction and land development	858,146		891,059		(32,913)		(4)	%
Residential real estate	365,010		359,263		5,747		2	%
Other	237,743		278,557		(40,814)		(15)	%
Total loans	$	11,583,109	$	11,220,355	$	362,754	3	%

Loans totaled $11.6 billion at September 30, 2025 compared to $11.2 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase in C&I loans of $226.9 million and an increase of $203.9 million in CRE loans. Average revolving line draw utilization was 45% for the third quarter of 2025, compared to 43% for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The following table sets forth additional information on certain categories of loans that are included in total loans above at the periods indicated:



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		Increase (decrease)
SBA Loans	$	1,257,817	$	1,298,007	$	(40,190)	(3)	%
Sponsor finance	774,142		782,722		(8,580)		(1)	%
Life insurance premium financing	1,151,700		1,114,299		37,401		3	%
Tax credits	780,767		760,229		20,538		3	%

Sponsor finance, life insurance premium financing, and tax credits lending consist primarily of C&I loans. Sponsor finance and life insurance premium financing loans are sourced through relationships developed with private equity funds and estate planning firms and are not bound geographically by our markets. These loan products offer opportunities to expand and diversify geographically by entering new markets. The Company continues to focus on originating high-quality C&I relationships, as they typically have variable interest rates and allow for cross selling opportunities involving other banking products. Life insurance premium financing and tax credits are typically lower risk products due to the high collateral value securing the loans.

SBA loans are also generated on a national basis, and primarily consist of loans collateralized by first lien, owner-occupied real estate properties. These loans predominantly have a 75% guarantee from the SBA. The Company may sell the guaranteed portion of the loan and retain servicing rights, and in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the guaranteed portion of SBA loans totaling $22.2 million and $78.0 million, respectively, were sold.

Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table presents the components of the provision for credit losses:


	Quarter ended				Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		June 30, 2025		September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
Provision for credit losses on loans	$	7,778	$	2,819	$	14,532	$	15,326

Provision (benefit) for off-balance sheet commitments	(184)		253		283		(951)
Benefit for held-to-maturity securities	(125)		—		(87)		(532)
Charge-off of accrued interest	978		398		2,373		831
Provision for credit losses	$	8,447	$	3,470	$	17,101	$	14,674

The provision for credit losses, which includes a provision for losses on unfunded commitments, is a charge to earnings to maintain the ACL on loans at a level consistent with management’s assessment of expected losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Company also records reversals of interest on nonaccrual loans and interest recoveries directly through the provision of credit losses.

A provision for credit losses of $8.4 million for the third quarter of 2025 and $17.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, increased $5.0 million and $2.4 million from the linked and prior year-to-date periods, respectively. The provision for credit losses in the third quarter of 2025 and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily related to net charge-offs, the increase in nonperforming loans, loan growth and changes in the economic forecast that influences projected future losses in the allowance calculation.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the ACL on loans:


	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Allowance		Percent of loans in each category to total loans		Allowance		Percent of loans in each category to total loans
Commercial and industrial	$	71,503	42.7	%	$	63,231	42.1	%
Real estate:
Commercial	51,715		44.6	%	54,617		44.3	%
Construction and land development	13,441		7.4	%	9,837		8.0	%
Residential	8,624		3.2	%	6,534		3.2	%
Other	3,571		2.1	%	3,731		2.4	%
Total	$	148,854	100.0	%	$	137,950	100.0	%

The ACL on loans was 1.29% of total loans at September 30, 2025, compared to 1.23% of loans at December 31, 2024. Excluding guaranteed loans, the ACL on loans to total loans was 1.40% 5 at September 30, 2025, compared to 1.34% at December 31, 2024.

The following table is a summary of net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans for the periods indicated:


	Quarter ended
	September 30, 2025						June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)		Average Loans (1)		Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)/Average Loans (2)		Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)		Average Loans (1)		Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)/Average Loans (2)
Commercial and industrial	$	4,111	$	4,879,039	0.33	%	$	(446)	$	4,789,234	(0.04)	%
Real estate:
Commercial	(359)		5,084,683		(0.03)	%	564		5,052,978		0.04	%
Construction and land development	(19)		852,830		(0.01)	%	141		857,735		0.07	%
Residential	63		366,074		0.07	%	234		365,784		0.26	%
Other	261		270,673		0.38	%	137		291,958		0.19	%
Total	$	4,057	$	11,453,299	0.14	%	$	630	$	11,357,689	0.02	%

(1) Excludes loans held for sale.

(2) Annualized.

5 ACL on loans to total loans adjusted for guaranteed loans is a non-GAAP measure. Refer to discussion and reconciliation of this measure in the accompanying financial tables.



	Nine months ended
	September 30, 2025						September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Net Charge-offs		Average Loans (1)		Net Charge-offs /Average Loans (2)		Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)		Average Loans (1)		Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)/Average Loans (2)
Commercial and industrial	$	2,757	$	4,801,342	0.08	%	$	3,972	$	4,660,167	0.11	%
Real estate:
Commercial	194		5,033,284		0.01	%	2,934		4,795,545		0.08	%
Construction and land development	109		864,820		0.02	%	3,173		837,578		0.51	%
Residential	143		363,817		0.05	%	(248)		360,480		(0.09)	%
Other	425		287,883		0.20	%	488		299,424		0.22	%
Total	$	3,628	$	11,351,146	0.04	%	$	10,319	$	10,953,194	0.13	%

(1) Excludes loans held for sale.
(2) Annualized.

To the extent the Company does not recognize charge-offs and economic forecasts improve in future periods, the Company could recognize provision reversals. Conversely, if economic conditions and the Company’s forecast worsen and charge-offs increase, the Company could recognize elevated levels of provision for credit losses. The provision is also reflective of charge-offs (recoveries) in the period.

Nonperforming assets

The following table presents the categories of nonperforming assets and other ratios, excluding government guaranteed portions, as of the dates indicated.



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans	$	78,831		$	42,667
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest	49,047			20

Total nonperforming loans	127,878			42,687
Other real estate	7,821			3,955

Total nonperforming assets	$	135,699		$	46,642

Total assets	$	16,402,405		$	15,596,431
Total loans	11,583,109			11,220,355

Total ACL on loans	148,854			137,950

ACL on loans to nonaccrual loans	189		%	323		%
ACL on loans to nonperforming loans	116		%	323		%
ACL on loans to total loans	1.29		%	1.23		%
Nonaccrual loans to total loans	0.68		%	0.38		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans	1.10		%	0.38		%

Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.83		%	0.30		%

Nonperforming loans based on loan type were as follows:



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	29,712	$	15,821
Commercial real estate	89,098		25,096
Construction and land development	386		1,503
Residential real estate	8,648		258
Other	34		9
Total	$	127,878	$	42,687

The following table summarizes the changes in nonperforming loans:


	Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025



Nonperforming loans, beginning of period	$	42,687
Additions to nonperforming loans	119,652


Charge-offs	(10,037)
Principal payments	(15,517)
Moved to other real estate	(8,405)
Moved to performing	(502)

Nonperforming loans, end of period	$	127,878

Nonperforming loans at September 30, 2025 increased $85.2 million, or 200%, when compared to December 31, 2024. The increase in nonperforming assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily related to seven commercial real estate loans totaling $68.4 million to special purpose entities (each an “SPE Borrower”) affiliated with two commercial banking relationships in Southern California that share some common ownership. Litigation resulting from a business dispute between the owners of the entities resulted in all of the SPE Borrowers filing bankruptcy in the first quarter of 2025, which was subsequently dismissed. The SPE Borrowers were again placed in bankruptcy in October 2025. In August 2025, the Bank commenced foreclosure proceedings with respect to the real property collateral owned by each SPE Borrower. As a result of the Bank’s senior secured first lien collateral position with respect to the real property owned by the SPE Borrowers, the Company expects to collect the full balance of these loans. These commercial real estate investor-owned loans and residential real estate loans are well-secured by real estate properties with up-to-date appraisals. Loan-to-value ratios for the individual properties range from 39% to 79% based on recent appraisals performed. Furthermore, all seven loans include substantial personal guarantees, and $48.6 million of the $68.4 million relationship remains on accrual despite being 90+ days past due. A summary of the relationship is as follows:


	At
	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Amount		Loan-to-value %
Commercial real estate - investor owned:
Multifamily	$	19,811	75.3	%
Mixed use	43,078		69.3	%
Total commercial real estate - investor owned	62,889

Residential real estate:
Duplex	$	1,668	37.9	%
Condominiums	3,857		64.3	%
Total residential real estate	5,525

Total relationship	$	68,414

Other real estate

The following table summarizes the changes in other real estate:


	Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025
Other real estate, beginning of period	$	3,955
Additions	7,821

Sales	(3,955)
Other real estate, end of period	$	7,821

Deposits

The following table shows the breakdown of deposits by type:



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024			Increase (decrease)
Noninterest-bearing demand accounts	$	4,386,513		$	4,484,072		$	(97,559)	(2)	%
Interest-bearing demand accounts	3,301,621			3,175,292			126,329		4	%
Money market accounts	3,702,896			3,564,063			138,833		4	%
Savings accounts	525,709			553,461			(27,752)		(5)	%
Certificates of deposit:
Brokered	762,499			484,588			277,911		57	%
Customer	888,674			885,016			3,658		—	%
Total deposits	$	13,567,912		$	13,146,492		$	421,420	3	%



Noninterest-bearing deposits / total deposits	32		%	34		%

The following table shows the average balance and average rate of the Company’s deposits by type:


	Quarter ended
	September 30, 2025				June 30, 2025				September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Average Rate Paid		Average Balance		Average Rate Paid		Average Balance		Average Rate Paid
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts	$	4,458,028	—	%	$	4,340,301	—	%	$	4,046,480	—	%

Interest-bearing demand accounts	3,298,022		2.10		3,225,611		2.13		3,018,309		2.64
Money market accounts	3,706,891		3.08		3,660,053		3.12		3,551,492		3.75
Savings accounts	532,015		0.14		532,754		0.14		561,466		0.24
Certificates of deposit	1,609,346		3.75		1,486,522		3.83		1,368,339		4.34
Total interest-bearing deposits	$	9,146,274	2.67		$	8,904,940	2.70		$	8,499,606	3.22

Total average deposits	$	13,604,302	1.80		$	13,245,241	1.82		$	12,546,086	2.18



	Nine months ended
	September 30, 2025				September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Average Rate Paid		Average Balance		Average Rate Paid
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts	$	4,420,552	—	%	$	3,982,015	—	%

Interest-bearing demand accounts	3,230,832		2.14		2,964,667		2.59
Money market accounts	3,656,546		3.13		3,462,993		3.73
Savings accounts	533,084		0.14		573,853		0.23
Certificates of deposit	1,491,047		3.85		1,374,176		4.32
Total interest-bearing deposits	$	8,911,509	2.71		$	8,375,689	3.18

Total average deposits	$	13,332,061	1.81		$	12,357,704	2.16

Total deposits excluding brokered certificates of deposits were $12.8 billion at September 30, 2025, an increase of $143.5 million from December 31, 2024. Brokered certificates of deposit at September 30, 2025 increased $277.9 million from December 31, 2024 and continue to be used as a stable funding source. The Company has deposit verticals focusing on property management, community associations, and escrow industries. These deposits increased to $3.8 billion at September 30, 2025 from $3.4 billion at December 31, 2024 due to continued success at generating organic deposit growth.

To provide customers a deposit product with enhanced FDIC insurance, the Company participates in several programs through third parties that provide full FDIC insurance on deposit amounts by exchanging or reciprocating larger depository relationships with other member banks. Total reciprocal deposits were $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company considers reciprocal accounts as customer-related deposits due to the customer relationship that generated the transaction.

The total cost of deposits was 1.80% for the current quarter and 1.81% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to 1.82% and 2.16% for the linked and prior year-to-date periods, respectively.

Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders’ equity totaled $2.0 billion at September 30, 2025, an increase of $158.3 million from December 31, 2024. Significant activity during the first nine months of 2025 was as follows:

• Increase from net income of $146.6 million,

• Increase in fair value of securities and cash flow hedges of $48.7 million,

• Decrease from dividends paid on common and preferred stock of $36.1 million, and

• Decrease from common stock repurchases of $10.6 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

The objective of liquidity management is to ensure we have the ability to generate sufficient cash or cash equivalents in a timely and cost-effective manner to meet our commitments as they become due. Typical demands on liquidity are changes in deposit levels, maturing time deposits which are not renewed, and fundings under credit commitments to customers. Funds are available from a number of sources, such as the core deposit base and loan and security repayments and maturities.

Liquidity is provided from lines of credit with the FHLB, the Federal Reserve, and correspondent banks; the ability to acquire large and brokered deposits, sales of the securities portfolio, and the ability to sell loans or loan participations to other banks. These alternatives are an important part of our liquidity plan and provide flexibility and efficient execution of the asset-liability management strategy.

The Company’s Asset-Liability Management Committee oversees our liquidity position, the parameters of which are approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. Our liquidity position is monitored daily. Our liquidity management framework includes measurement of several key elements, such as the loan to deposit ratio, a liquidity ratio, and a dependency ratio. The Company’s liquidity framework also incorporates contingency planning to assess the nature and volatility of funding sources and to determine alternatives to these sources. While core deposits and loan and investment repayments are principal sources of liquidity, funding diversification is another key element of liquidity management and is achieved by strategically varying depositor types, terms, funding markets, and instruments.

Liquidity from assets is available primarily from cash balances and the investment portfolio. Cash and interest-bearing deposits with other banks totaled $472.0 million at September 30, 2025, compared to $764.2 million at December 31, 2024. Investment securities are another important tool in liquidity planning. Securities totaled $3.4 billion and $2.8 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and included $1.6 billion and $1.5 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, pledged as collateral for deposits of public institutions, loan notes and other requirements. The unpledged portion of the securities portfolio could be pledged or sold to enhance liquidity, if necessary.

Available on- and off-balance sheet liquidity sources include the following items:


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025
Federal Reserve borrowing capacity	$	3,280,890
FHLB borrowing capacity	1,037,746
Unpledged securities	1,832,319
Federal funds lines (8 correspondent banks)	160,000
Cash and interest-bearing deposits	471,955
Holding Company line of credit	25,000
Total	$	6,807,910

The Company also has a portfolio of SBA guaranteed loans, a portion of which could be sold in the secondary market to generate earnings and liquidity. The guaranteed portion of SBA loans totaling $78.0 million and $23.1 million were sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Liability liquidity funding sources are available to increase financial flexibility. In addition to amounts borrowed at September 30, 2025, the Company could borrow an additional $1.0 billion from the FHLB of Des Moines under blanket loan pledges and has additional real estate loans that could be pledged. The Company also has $3.3 billion available from the Federal Reserve under a pledged loan agreement. The Company also has unsecured federal funds lines with eight correspondent banks totaling $160.0 million.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into certain forms of off-balance sheet transactions, including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. These transactions are managed through the Company’s various risk management processes. Management considers both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet transactions in its evaluation of the Company’s liquidity. The Company has $3.0 billion in unused commitments to extend credit as of September 30, 2025. While this commitment level would exhaust the majority of the Company’s current liquidity resources, the nature of these commitments is such that the likelihood of funding them in the aggregate at any one time is low.

At the holding company level, our primary funding sources are dividends and payments from the Bank and proceeds from the issuance of equity (i.e. stock option exercises, stock offerings) and debt instruments. The main use of this liquidity is to provide the funds necessary to pay dividends to stockholders, service debt, invest in subsidiaries as necessary, repurchase common stock and satisfy other operating requirements. The holding company maintains a revolving line of credit for an aggregate amount $25 million, all of which was available at September 30, 2025. The line of credit was renewed in the second quarter of 2025 and was effective as of February 22, 2025. The line of credit has a one-year term and the proceeds can be used for general corporate purposes.

Strong capital ratios, credit quality and core earnings are essential to retaining cost-effective access to the wholesale funding markets. Deterioration in any of these factors could have a negative impact on the Company’s ability to access these funding sources and, as a result, these factors are monitored on an ongoing basis as part of the liquidity management process. The Bank is subject to regulations and, among other things, may be limited in its ability to pay dividends or transfer funds to the parent company. Accordingly, consolidated cash flows as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows may not represent cash immediately available for the payment of cash dividends to the Company’s stockholders or for other cash needs.

Through the normal course of operations, the Company has entered into certain contractual obligations and other commitments. Such obligations relate to funding operations through deposits or debt issuances, as well as leases for premises and equipment. As a financial services provider, the Company routinely enters into commitments to extend credit. While contractual obligations represent future cash requirements of the Company, a significant portion of commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process accorded to loans made by the Company. The Company also enters into derivative contracts under which the Company either receives cash from or pays cash to counterparties depending on changes in interest rates. Derivative contracts are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet with the fair value representing the net present value of expected future cash receipts or payments based on market interest rates as of the balance sheet date. The fair value of these contracts changes daily as market interest rates change.

Capital Resources

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and its bank affiliate must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The banking affiliate’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total, Tier 1, and common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. To be categorized as “well capitalized”, banks must maintain minimum total risk-based (10%), Tier 1 risk-based (8%), common equity tier 1 risk-based (6.5%), and Tier 1 leverage ratios (5%). In addition, the Company must maintain an additional CCB above the regulatory minimum ratio requirements. The CCB is designed to insulate banks from periods of stress and impose constraints on dividends, stock repurchases and discretionary bonus payments when capital levels fall below prescribed levels. As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject and exceeded the amounts required to be “well capitalized”.

The following table summarizes the Company’s various capital ratios:


	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	EFSC		Bank		EFSC		Bank		To Be Well-Capitalized		Minimum Ratio with CCB
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	12.0	%	12.4	%	11.8	%	12.4	%	6.5	%	7.0	%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	13.3	%	12.4	%	13.1	%	12.4	%	8.0	%	8.5	%
Total Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	14.4	%	13.6	%	14.6	%	13.4	%	10.0	%	10.5	%
Leverage Ratio (Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets)	11.1	%	10.4	%	11.1	%	10.5	%	5.0	%	N/A
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 1	9.60	%			9.05	%



1 Not a required regulatory capital ratio.

The Company believes the tangible common equity ratio is an important measure of capital strength, even though it is considered a non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this section under the caption “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures:

The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, the Company provides additional financial measures, such as tangible common equity, adjusted ROAA, adjusted return on average common equity, ROATCE, adjusted ROATCE, ACL on loans to total loans adjusted for guaranteed loans, core efficiency ratio, PPNR, tangible book value per common share, return on average common equity, adjusted effective tax rate and tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio, in this report that are considered “non-GAAP financial measures.” Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance, financial position, or cash flows that exclude (or include) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

The Company considers its tangible common equity, adjusted ROAA, adjusted return on average common equity, ROATCE, adjusted ROATCE, ACL on loans to total loans adjusted for guaranteed loans, core efficiency ratio, PPNR, tangible book value per common share, return on average common equity, adjusted effective tax rate and tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio, collectively “core performance measures,” presented in this report and the included tables as important measures of financial performance, even though they are non-GAAP measures, as they provide supplemental information by which to evaluate the impact of certain non-comparable items, and the Company’s operating performance on an ongoing basis. Core performance measures exclude certain other income and expense items, such as the FDIC special assessment, core conversion expenses, acquisition costs, accrued insurance proceeds anticipated to be received as a result of recaptured tax credits, the gain or loss on the sale of other real estate owned, and the gain or loss on sale of investment securities, that the Company believes to be not indicative of or useful to measure the Company’s operating performance on an ongoing basis. The attached tables contain a reconciliation of these core performance measures to the GAAP measures. The Company believes that the tangible common equity ratio provides useful information to investors about the Company’s capital strength even though it is considered to be a non-GAAP financial measure and is not part of the regulatory capital requirements to which the Company is subject.

The Company believes these non-GAAP measures and ratios, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP measures and ratios, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company’s performance and capital strength. The Company’s management uses, and believes that investors benefit from referring to, these non-GAAP measures and ratios in assessing the Company’s operating results and related trends and when forecasting future periods. However, these non-GAAP measures and ratios should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or preferable to, ratios prepared in accordance with GAAP. In the attached tables, the Company has provided a reconciliation of, where applicable, the most comparable GAAP financial measures and ratios to the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios, or a reconciliation of the non-GAAP calculation of the financial measures for the periods indicated.

Core Efficiency Ratio


	Quarter ended									Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025			June 30, 2025			September 30, 2024			September 30, 2025			September 30, 2024
Net interest income (GAAP)	$	158,286		$	152,762		$	143,469		$	458,564		$	421,726
Tax-equivalent adjustment	3,045			2,738			2,086			8,258			6,173
Net interest income - FTE (non-GAAP)	$	161,331		$	155,500		$	145,555		$	466,822		$	427,899
Noninterest income (GAAP)	48,624			20,604			21,420			87,711			49,072
Less insurance recoveries 1	32,112			—			—			32,112			—
Less gain on sale of investment securities	—			—			—			106			—
Less net gain on sales of other real estate owned	7			56			3,159			86			3,157
Core revenue (non-GAAP)	$	177,836		$	176,048		$	163,816		$	522,229		$	473,814

Noninterest expense (GAAP)	$	109,790		$	105,702		$	98,007		$	315,275		$	285,525
Less FDIC special assessment	—			—			—			—			625
Less core conversion expense	—			—			1,375			—			2,975
Less amortization on intangibles	736			753			927			2,344			2,918
Less acquisition costs	609			518			—			1,127			—


Core noninterest expense (non-GAAP)	$	108,445		$	104,431		$	95,705		$	311,804		$	279,007

Core efficiency ratio (non-GAAP)	60.98		%	59.32		%	58.42		%	59.71		%	58.89		%

1 Represents anticipated proceeds from a pending insurance claim related to a third quarter 2025 solar tax credit recapture event.

Tangible Common Equity, Tangible Book Value per Common Share, and Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets Ratio


	At
(in thousands, except per share data)	September 30, 2025			June 30, 2025			September 30, 2024
Stockholders’ equity (GAAP)	$	1,982,332		$	1,922,899		$	1,832,011
Less preferred stock	71,988			71,988			71,988
Less goodwill	365,164			365,164			365,164
Less intangible assets	6,140			6,876			9,400
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)	$	1,539,040		$	1,478,871		$	1,385,459

Common stock outstanding	37,011			36,950			37,184
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP)	$	41.58		$	40.02		$	37.26

Total assets (GAAP)	$	16,402,405		$	16,076,299		$	14,954,125
Less goodwill	365,164			365,164			365,164
Less intangible assets	6,140			6,876			9,400
Tangible assets (non-GAAP)	$	16,031,101		$	15,704,259		$	14,579,561

Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)	9.60		%	9.42		%	9.50		%

ACL on Loans to Total Loans Adjusted for Guaranteed Loans


	At
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025			June 30, 2025			September 30, 2024
Total loans (GAAP)	$	11,583,109		$	11,408,840		$	11,079,892
Less: Guaranteed loans, net	922,168			913,118			928,272
Total adjusted loans (non-GAAP)	$	10,660,941		$	10,495,722		$	10,151,620

ACL on loans	$	148,854		$	145,133		$	139,778
ACL on loans to total loans	1.29		%	1.27		%	1.26		%
ACL on loans to total adjusted loans	1.40		%	1.38		%	1.38		%

Pre-Provision Net Revenue (PPNR)


	Quarter ended				Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		June 30, 2025			September 30, 2024		September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
Net interest income	$	158,286	$	152,762		$	143,469	$	458,564	$	421,726
Noninterest income	48,624		20,604			21,420		87,711		49,072
FDIC special assessment	—		—			—		—		625
Core conversion expense	—		—			1,375		—		2,975
Acquisition costs	609		518			—		1,127		—
Less gain on sale of investment securities	—		—			—		106		—
Less net gain on sales of other real estate owned	7		56			3,159		86		3,157
Less insurance recoveries	32,112		—			—		32,112		—
Less noninterest expense	109,790		105,702			98,007		315,275		285,525


PPNR (non-GAAP)	$	65,610	$	68,126		$	65,098	$	199,823	$	185,716

Adjusted Effective Tax Rate


	Quarter ended						Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30 2025			June 30 2025			September 30 2025			September 30 2024
Income before income tax expense (GAAP)	$	88,673		$	64,194		$	213,899		$	170,599
Less insurance recoveries	32,112			—			32,112			—
Adjusted income before income tax expense (non-GAAP)	$	56,561		$	64,194		$	181,787		$	170,599

Income tax expense (GAAP)	$	43,438		$	12,810		$	67,319		$	34,167
Less tax credit recapture and tax applied to insurance recoveries 1	32,112			—			32,112			—
Adjusted income tax expense (non-GAAP)	$	11,326		$	12,810		$	35,207		$	34,167

Effective tax rate (GAAP)	49.0		%	20.0		%	31.5		%	20.0		%
Adjusted effective tax rate (non-GAAP)	20.0		%	20.0		%	19.4		%	20.0		%

1 Represents recapture of $24.1 million solar tax credit and approximately $8.0 million of estimated tax liability related to anticipated proceeds from pending insurance claim related to the recapture event.

Return on Average Common Equity, Return on Average Tangible Common Equity (ROATCE) and Return on Average Assets (ROAA)


	Quarter ended									Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025			June 30, 2025			September 30, 2024			September 30, 2025			September 30, 2024
Average stockholder’s equity (GAAP)	$	1,964,126		$	1,906,089		$	1,804,369		$	1,911,531		$	1,763,917
Less average preferred stock	71,988			71,988			71,988			71,988			71,988
Less average goodwill	365,164			365,164			365,164			365,164			365,164
Less average intangible assets	6,498			7,237			9,855			7,248			10,799
Average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)	$	1,520,476		$	1,461,700		$	1,357,362		$	1,467,131		$	1,315,966

Net income (GAAP)	$	45,235		$	51,384		$	50,585		$	146,580		$	136,432
FDIC special assessment (after tax)	—			—			—			—			470
Core conversion expense (after tax)	—			—			1,034			—			2,237
Acquisition costs (after tax)	549			462			—			1,011			—
Less gain on sale of investment securities (after tax)	—			—			—			80			—
Less net gain on sales of other real estate owned (after tax)	5			42			2,375			64			2,374
Net income adjusted (non-GAAP)	$	45,779		$	51,804		$	49,244		$	147,447		$	136,765
Less preferred stock dividends	938			937			938			2,813			2,813
Net income available to common stockholders adjusted (non-GAAP)	$	44,841		$	50,867		$	48,306		$	144,634		$	133,952

Return on average common equity (GAAP)	9.29		%	11.03		%	11.40		%	10.45		%	10.55		%
Adjusted return on average common equity (non-GAAP)	9.40		%	11.12		%	11.09		%	10.51		%	10.58		%

ROATCE (non-GAAP)	11.56		%	13.84		%	14.55		%	13.10		%	13.56		%
Adjusted ROATCE (non-GAAP)	11.70		%	13.96		%	14.16		%	13.18		%	13.60		%

Average assets	$	16,178,088		$	15,859,721		$	14,849,455		$	15,895,563		$	14,684,589
Return on average assets (GAAP)	1.11		%	1.30		%	1.36		%	1.23		%	1.24		%
Adjusted return on average assets (non-GAAP)	1.12		%	1.31		%	1.32		%	1.24		%	1.24		%

ITEM 3: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The disclosures set forth in this item are qualified by the cautionary language regarding forward-looking statements in the introduction to Item 2 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other cautionary statements set forth elsewhere in this report.

Interest Rate Risk

Our interest rate risk management practices are aimed at optimizing net interest income, while guarding against deterioration that could be caused by certain interest rate scenarios. Interest rate sensitivity varies with different types of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. We attempt to maintain interest-earning assets, comprised primarily of both loans and investments, and interest-bearing liabilities, comprised primarily of deposits, maturing or repricing in similar time horizons in order to manage any impact from market interest rate changes according to our risk tolerances. The Company uses a simulation model to measure the sensitivity to changing rates on earnings.

The Company determines the sensitivity of its short-term future earnings to a hypothetical plus or minus 100 to 300 basis point parallel rate shock through the use of simulation modeling. The simulation includes the modeling of the balance sheet as an ongoing entity. Future business assumptions involving administered rate products, prepayments for future rate-sensitive balances, and the reinvestment of maturing assets and liabilities are included. These items are then modeled to project net interest income based on a hypothetical change in interest rates. The resulting net interest income for the next 12-month period is compared to the baseline amounts calculated using flat rates. The difference represents the Company’s sensitivity to a positive or negative 100 basis points parallel rate shock.

The following table summarizes the expected impact of interest rate shocks on net interest income at September 30, 2025:


Rate Shock			Annual % change in net interest income
+ 300 bp			10.9%
+ 200 bp			7.4%
+ 100 bp			3.9%
- 100 bp			(3.5)%
- 200 bp			(6.9)%
- 300 bp			(9.6)%

The Company occasionally uses interest rate derivative instruments as an asset/liability management tool to hedge mismatches in interest rate exposure indicated by the net interest income simulation described above. They are used to modify the Company’s exposures to interest rate fluctuations and provide more stable spreads between loan yields and the rate on their funding sources. At September 30, 2025, the Company had derivative contracts to manage interest rate risk, including $400.0 million in notional value on derivatives to hedge the cash flows on floating rate loans and $32.1 million in notional value on derivative on floating rate debt. Derivative financial instruments are also discussed in “Item 1. Note 6 – Derivative Financial Instruments.”

The Company had $6.8 billion in variable rate loans at September 30, 2025. Of these loans, $4.8 billion have an interest rate floor and nearly all of those loans were at or above the floor. Variable rate loans include $2.7 billion indexed to the prime rate, $3.4 billion indexed to SOFR, and $776.9 million indexed to other rates.

At September 30, 2025, the Company’s available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities totaled $2.4 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively. These portfolios consist primarily of fixed-rate securities that are subject to changes in market value due to changes in interest rates. At September 30, 2025, net unrealized losses were $102.3 million and $49.7 million on the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment portfolios, respectively.

ITEM 4: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”), management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15, as of September 30, 2025. Disclosure controls and procedures include without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2025 to provide reasonable assurance of the achievement of the objectives described above.

Changes to Internal Controls

There were no changes during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, those controls.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company and its subsidiaries are, from time to time, parties to various legal proceedings arising out of their businesses. Management believes there are no such legal proceedings pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business, directly, indirectly, or in the aggregate that, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

ITEM 1A: RISK FACTORS

For information regarding risk factors affecting the Company, please see the cautionary language regarding forward-looking statements in the introduction to Item 2 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Part I, Item 1A of our Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

ITEM 2: UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3: DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5: OTHER INFORMATION

During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, no officer or director of the company adopted or terminated any contract, instruction, or written plan for the purchase or sale of securities of the company’s common stock that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1(c) or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined in 17 CFR § 229.408(c).

ITEM 6: EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. Description

3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on December 16, 1996 (File No. 333-14737)).

3.2 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on July 1, 1999 (File No. 333-82087)).

3.3 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period end ed September 30, 1999 filed on November 12, 1999 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.4 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2002 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.5 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A to Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on November 20, 2008 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.6 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period end ed June 30, 2014 filed on July 29, 2014 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.7 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2019 filed on July 26, 2019 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.8 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix C to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4/A filed on June 2, 2021 (File No. 333-256265 )).

3.9 Certificate of Designations of Registrant for Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, dated December 17, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2008 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.10 Certificate of Elimination of Registrant’s Certificate of Designation, Preferences, and Rights of the Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, dated November 9, 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 9, 2021 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.11 Certificate of Designation of Registrant of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, dated November 16, 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 17, 2021 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.12 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2015 (File No. 001-15373)).

4.1 Long-term borrowing instruments are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. The Company undertakes to furnish copies of such instruments to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

10.1 Fourth Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement dated as of October 1, 2025 by and between Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Keene S. Turner (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 2, 2025 (File No. 001-15373)).

10.2 Second Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement dated as of October 1, 2025 by and between Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Douglas N. Bauche (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 2, 2025 (File No. 001-15373)).

*31.1 Chief Executive Officer’s Certification required by Rule 13(a)-14(a).

*31.2 Chief Financial Officer’s Certification required by Rule 13(a)-14(a).

**32.1 Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to section § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

**32.2 Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to section § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document.

104 The cover page of Enterprise Financial Services Corp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL (contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith. Notwithstanding any incorporation of this Quarterly Statement on Form 10-Q in any other filing by the Registrant, Exhibits furnished herewith and designated with two (**) shall not be deemed incorporated by reference to any other filing unless specifically otherwise set forth herein or therein.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Clayton, State of Missouri, on the day of October 31, 2025.


			ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP

			By:			/s/ James B. Lally
						James B. Lally
						Chief Executive Officer

			By:			/s/ Keene S. Turner
						Keene S. Turner
						Chief Financial Officer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I - Item 1 - Financial Statements Note 1 - Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Note 2 - Earnings Per Share Note 3 - Investments Note 4 - Loans Note 5 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities Note 6 - Derivative Financial Instruments Note 7 - Fair Value Measurements Note 8 - Stockholders Equity Note 9 - Supplemental Financial Information Note 10 - Segment Reporting Note 11 - Subordinated Notes Note 12 - Other Borrowings Note 13 - Income Taxes Note 14 - Subsequent Event Item 2: Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4: Controls and Procedures Part II - Other Information Item 1: Legal Proceedings Item 1A: Risk Factors Item 2: Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3: Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5: Other Information Item 6: Exhibits

Exhibits

EFSC 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025

Exhibits