ELS 10-K Annual Report Dec. 31, 2018 | Alphaminr
EQUITY LIFESTYLE PROPERTIES INC

ELS 10-K Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2018

EQUITY LIFESTYLE PROPERTIES INC
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10-K 1 els1231201810-k.htm 10-K Document


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2018
or
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to
Commission File Number: 1-11718
EQUITY LIFESTYLE PROPERTIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland
36-3857664
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
Two North Riverside Plaza,
Suite 800, Chicago, Illinois
60606
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)
(312) 279-1400
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value
New York Stock Exchange
(Title of Class)
(Name of exchange on which registered)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.     Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.     Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
x
Accelerated filer
o
Smaller reporting company
o
Emerging Growth Company
o
Non-accelerated filer
o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes o No x
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $7,583.0 million as of June 30, 2018 based upon the closing price of $91.90 on such date using beneficial ownership of stock rules adopted pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to exclude voting stock owned by Directors and Officers, some of whom may not be held to be affiliates upon judicial determination.
As of February 20, 2019 , 89,929,609 shares of the Registrant's common stock were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Part III incorporates by reference portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on April 30, 2019 .




Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I.
Item 1.
Business
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 2.
Properties
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
PART II.
Item 5.
Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
Item 7.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Forward-Looking Statements
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 9.
Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Item 9B.
Other Information
PART III.
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
PART IV.
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
Item 16.
Form 10-K Summary


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PART I
Item 1. Business
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
General
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc. ("ELS"), a Maryland corporation, together with MHC Operating Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership") and its other consolidated subsidiaries (the "Subsidiaries"), are referred to herein as "we," "us," and "our." We elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1993.
We are a fully integrated owner and operator of lifestyle-oriented properties ("Properties") consisting primarily of manufactured home ("MH") and recreational vehicle ("RV") communities. We were formed in December 1992 to continue the property operations, business objectives and acquisition strategies of an entity that had owned and operated Properties since 1969.
We have a unique business model where we own the land upon which we provide our customers the opportunity to place factory-built homes, cottages or RVs either on a long-term or short-term basis. Our customers may lease individual developed areas ("Sites") or enter right-to-use contracts, which provide them access to specific Properties for limited stays. Compared to other types of real estate companies, our business model is characterized by low maintenance costs and low customer turnover costs. Our portfolio is geographically diversified across highly desirable locations with a focus on both retirement and vacation destinations. Our properties attract retirees, vacationing families and second homeowners, while providing a lower cost home ownership alternative. We have more than 90 Properties with lake, river or ocean frontage and more than 120 Properties within 10 miles of the coastal United States.
We are one of the nation's largest real estate networks with a portfolio, as of December 31, 2018 , of 414 Properties (including joint venture Properties) consisting of 155,447 Sites located throughout the United States and Canada. These Properties are located in 33 states and British Columbia.
maps2018.jpg
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1.
Above map excludes five properties classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2018.

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Our Properties are designed and improved for home options of various sizes and designs that are produced off-site by third-party manufacturers, installed and set on designated Sites ("Site Set") within the Properties. These homes and cottages can range from approximately 400 to over 2,000 square feet. Properties may also have Sites that can accommodate a variety of RVs. Properties generally contain centralized entrances, internal road systems and designated Sites. In addition, Properties often provide a clubhouse for social activities and recreation and other amenities, which may include swimming pools, shuffleboard courts, tennis courts, pickleball courts, golf courses, lawn bowling, restaurants, laundry facilities, cable television and internet service. Some Properties provide utilities, including water and sewer service, through municipal or regulated utilities, while others provide these services to customers from on-site facilities.
Employees and Organizational Structure
We have an annual average of approximately 4,100 full-time, part-time and seasonal employees dedicated to carrying out our operating philosophy while focusing on delivering an exceptional customer experience for our residents and guests. Our Property operations are managed internally by wholly-owned affiliates of the Operating Partnership and are coordinated by an on-site team of employees that typically includes a manager, clerical staff and maintenance workers, each of whom works to provide maintenance and care to the Properties. The on-site team at each Property also provides customer service and coordinates lifestyle-oriented activities for customers. Direct supervision of on-site management is the responsibility of our regional vice presidents and regional and district managers, who have substantial experience addressing the needs of customers and creating innovative approaches to maximize value for both customers and the Company through focused and effective property management. Complementing the field management staff are approximately 400 full-time corporate and regional employees who assist in all functions related to the management of our Properties.
Our Formation
Our Properties are primarily owned by our Operating Partnership and managed internally by affiliates of our Operating Partnership. We contributed the proceeds from our initial public offering in 1993 and subsequent offerings to our Operating Partnership for partnership interests. The financial results of our Operating Partnership and our Subsidiaries are included in our consolidated financial statements, which can be found beginning on page F-1 of this Form 10-K. In addition, since certain activities, if performed by us, may not be qualifying REIT activities under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), we have formed taxable REIT Subsidiaries, as defined in the Code, to engage in such activities.
Realty Systems, Inc. ("RSI") is our wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary engaged in the business of purchasing and selling or leasing factory-built homes that are located in Properties owned and managed by us. RSI also offers home sale brokerage services to residents at such Properties who choose to move from a Property without relocating their homes. Subsidiaries of RSI also operate ancillary activities at certain Properties, such as golf courses, pro shops, stores and restaurants. Several Properties are also wholly owned by our taxable REIT Subsidiaries.
Business Objectives and Operating Strategies
Our primary business objective is to create value for stockholders through effective management of Properties. Our operating strategy is to own and operate the highest quality Properties in sought-after locations near retirement and vacation destinations and urban areas across the United States. Through management of desirable Properties that provide an exceptional customer experience, we create communities valued by residents and guests while delivering value for stockholders.
We focus on Properties that have strong cash flow and plan to hold such Properties for long-term investment and capital appreciation. In determining cash flow potential, we evaluate our ability to attract high quality customers to our Properties and retain these customers who take pride in the Property and in their homes. Our operating, investment and financing strategies include:
Consistently providing high levels of services and amenities in attractive surroundings to foster a strong sense of community and pride of home ownership;
Efficiently managing the Properties to add value, grow occupancy, maintain competitive market rents and control expenses;
Achieving growth and increasing property values through strategic expansion and, where appropriate, renovation of the Properties;
Utilizing technology to evaluate potential acquisitions, identify and track competing properties and monitor existing and prospective customer satisfaction;
Selectively acquiring properties that offer opportunities for us to add value and enhance or create property concentrations in and around retirement or vacation destinations and major metropolitan areas to capitalize on operating synergies and incremental efficiencies;
Selecting joint venture partners that share business objectives, growth initiatives, and risk profiles similar to ours;

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Managing our debt balances in order to maintain financial flexibility, minimize exposure to interest rate fluctuations and maintain an appropriate degree of leverage to maximize return on capital; and
Developing and maintaining relationships with various capital providers.
These business objectives and their implementation are consistent with business strategies determined by our Board of Directors and may be subject to change or amendment at any time.
Acquisitions and Dispositions
We invest in Properties in sought-after locations near retirement and vacation destinations and urban areas across the United States with a focus on delivering value for both customers and stockholders. Over the last decade we have continued to increase the number of Properties in our portfolio (including joint venture Properties), from approximately 309 Properties with over 112,000 Sites to 414 Properties with over 155,400 Sites as of December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , we acquired eight Properties ( four MH and four RV communities) with approximately 3,700 Sites. We continually review the Properties in our portfolio to ensure we are delivering on our business and customer service objectives.
We believe that opportunities for property acquisitions are still available. Based on industry reports, we estimate there are approximately 50,000 manufactured home properties and approximately 8,000 RV properties (excluding government owned properties) in North America. Most of these properties are not operated by large owner/operators, and approximately 3,600 of the MH properties and 1,100 of the RV properties contain 200 Sites or more. We believe this relatively high degree of fragmentation provides us the opportunity to purchase additional properties. We also believe we have a competitive advantage in the acquisition of additional properties due to our experienced management, significant presence in major real estate markets and access to capital resources. We are actively seeking to acquire and are engaged at any time in various stages of negotiations relating to the possible acquisition of additional properties, which may include outstanding contracts to acquire properties that are subject to the satisfactory completion of our due diligence review.
We anticipate that new acquisitions will generally be located in the United States, although we may consider other geographic locations provided they meet our acquisition criteria. We utilize market information systems to identify and evaluate acquisition opportunities, including the use of a market database to review the primary economic indicators of the various locations in which we expect to expand our operations.
Acquisitions will be financed from the most efficient available sources of capital, which may include undistributed funds from operations, issuance of additional equity securities, sales of investments, collateralized and uncollateralized borrowings and issuance of debt securities. In addition, we have acquired and expect to acquire properties in transactions that include the issuance of limited partnership interests in our Operating Partnership ("OP Units") as consideration for the acquired properties. We believe that an ownership structure that includes our Operating Partnership has permitted and will permit us to acquire additional properties in transactions that may defer all or a portion of the sellers' tax consequences.
When evaluating potential acquisitions, we consider, among others, the following factors:
Current and projected cash flow of the property;
Geographic area and the type of property;
Replacement cost of the property, including land values, entitlements and zoning;
Location, construction quality, condition and design of the property;
Potential for capital appreciation of the property;
Terms of tenant leases or usage rights;
Opportunity to enhance the customer experience and add value through management expertise;
Potential for economies of scale through property concentrations;
Potential for economic growth and the tax and regulatory environment of the community in which the property is located;
Potential for expansion, including increasing the number of Sites;
Occupancy and demand by customers for properties of a similar type in the vicinity;
Prospects for liquidity through sale, financing or refinancing of the property;
Competition from existing properties and the potential for the construction of new properties in the area; and
Working capital demands.
When evaluating potential dispositions, we consider, among others, the following factors:
Whether the Property meets our current investment criteria;
Our desire to exit certain non-core markets and reallocate the capital into core markets; and
Our ability to sell the Property at a price that we believe will provide an appropriate return for our stockholders.

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When investing capital, we consider all potential uses of the capital, including returning capital to our stockholders. Our Board of Directors periodically reviews the conditions under which we may repurchase our stock. These conditions include, but are not limited to, market price, balance sheet flexibility, other opportunities and capital requirements.
Property Expansions
Development - Current Portfolio. Integral to our growth and investment strategy, each Property is evaluated for expansion opportunities. Investment evaluation consists of: reviewing local market conditions, demographic trends, zoning and entitlements, infrastructure requirements, financial feasibility and projected performance and conducting an operational review. When justified, development of land available for expansion ("Expansion Sites") allows us to leverage existing facilities and amenities. We believe our ability to increase density translates to greater value creation and cash flow through operational efficiencies. Overall, approximately 110 of our Properties have potential Expansion Sites, offering approximately 5,200 available acres. Refer to Item 2. Properties, which includes detail regarding the developable acres available at each property.
Acquisition - Expanding Portfolio. In selecting acquisition targets, we pursue properties with existing operations in place and contiguous Expansion Sites. Underwriting a project with these features allows us to access the previously untapped potential of such properties. For example, over the past three years, we have acquired 15 Properties and two vacant land parcels that contain approximately 231 acres for future expansion.
Leases or Usage Rights
At our Properties, a typical lease for the rental of a Site between us and the owner or renter of a home is month-to-month or for a one-year term, renewable upon the consent of both parties or, in some instances, as provided by statute. These leases are cancelable, depending on applicable law, for non-payment of rent, violation of Property rules and regulations or other specified defaults. Long-term leases are in effect at approximately 10,900 Sites in 17 of our Properties. Some of these leases are subject to rental rate increases based on the Consumer Price Index ("CPI"), in some instances allowing for pass-throughs of certain items such as real estate taxes, utility expenses and capital expenditures. Generally, adjustments to our rental rates, if appropriate, are made on an annual basis.
In Florida, in connection with offering a Site in a MH community for rent, the MH community owner must deliver to the prospective resident a Prospectus required by Florida Statutes Chapter 723.001, et. seq., which must be approved by the applicable regulatory agency.  The Prospectus contains certain required disclosures regarding the community, the rights and obligations of the MH community owner and residents, and a copy of the lease agreement. A Prospectus may contain limitations on the rights of the MH community owner to increase rental rates. However, in the absence of such limitations, the MH community owner may increase rental rates to market, subject to certain advance notice requirements and a statutory requirement that the rental rates be reasonable. See further discussion below related to rent control legislation.
At Properties zoned for RV use, we have long-term relationships with many of our customers, who typically enter into short-term rental agreements. Many customers also leave deposits to reserve a Site for the following year. Generally, these customers cannot live full time on these Properties for reasons including their seasonal nature.
At Properties operated under the Thousand Trails brand designated for use by customers, who have entered a right-to-use or membership contract, the contract generally grants the customer access to designated Properties on a continuous basis of up to 14 days in exchange for annual dues payments. The customer may make a non-refundable upfront payment to upgrade the contract which increases usage rights during the contract term. We may finance the non-refundable upfront payment. Most of the contracts provide for an annual dues increase, usually based on increases in the CPI.
Regulations and Insurance
General . Our Properties are subject to a variety of laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to recreational facilities such as swimming pools, clubhouses and other common areas, regulations relating to providing utility services, such as electricity, and regulations relating to operating water and wastewater treatment facilities at certain of our Properties. We believe that each Property has all material permits and approvals necessary to operate. We renew these permits and approvals in the ordinary course of business.
Insurance . Our Properties are insured against risks that may cause property damage and business interruption, including events such as fire, flood, earthquake, or windstorm. The relevant insurance policies contain deductible requirements, coverage limits and particular exclusions. Our current property and casualty insurance policies, which we plan to renew, expire on April 1, 2019. We have a $100.0 million loss limit per occurrence with respect to our all-risk property insurance program including named windstorms. This loss limit is subject to additional sub-limits as set forth in the policy form, including, among others, a $25 million aggregate loss limit for earthquakes in California. The deductibles for this policy primarily range from a $500,000 minimum to

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5.0% per unit of insurance for most catastrophic events. For most catastrophic events, there is an additional one-time $500,000 aggregate deductible. A deductible indicates our maximum exposure, subject to policy limits and sub-limits, in the event of a loss.
Rent Control Legislation . At certain of our Properties state and local rent control laws dictate the structure of rent increases and in some cases outline the ability to recover the costs of capital improvements. Enactment of such laws has been considered at various times in other jurisdictions. We presently expect to continue to maintain Properties, and may purchase additional properties, in markets that are either subject to rent control or in which rent related legislation exists or may be enacted. For example, Florida law requires that rental increases be reasonable, and Delaware law requires rental increases greater than the change in the CPI to be justified. Also, certain jurisdictions in California in which we own Properties limit rent increases to changes in the CPI or some percentage of CPI. As part of our effort to realize the value of Properties subject to restrictive regulation, we have initiated lawsuits at various times against various municipalities imposing such regulations in an attempt to balance the interests of our stockholders with the interests of our customers.
Membership Properties. Many states also have consumer protection laws regulating right-to-use or campground membership sales and the financing of such sales. Some states have laws requiring us to register with a state agency and obtain a permit to market (see Item 1A. Risk Factors). At certain of our Properties primarily used as membership campgrounds, state statutes limit our ability to close a Property unless a reasonable substitute Property is made available for members' use.
Industry
We believe that demand from baby boomers for manufactured housing and RV communities will continue to outpace supply for several years. We also believe that our Properties and our business model provide an attractive destination for customers as they seek value in their housing and recreational options. Positive trends in categories such as customer demographics, the quality of MH construction and limited property supply, among others, fuel our belief that our Properties are well positioned for the future:
Barriers to Entry: We believe that the supply of new properties in locations we target will be constrained by barriers to entry. The most significant barrier has been the difficulty of securing zoning permits from local authorities. This has been the result of (i) the public's perception of manufactured housing, and (ii) the fact that MH and RV communities generate less tax revenue than conventional housing properties because the homes are treated as personal property (a benefit to the homeowner) rather than real property. Further, the length of time between investment in a property's development and the attainment of stabilized occupancy and the generation of revenues is significant. The initial development of the infrastructure may take up to two or three years and once a property is ready for occupancy, it may be difficult to attract customers to an empty property.
Customer Base : We believe that properties tend to achieve and maintain a stable rate of occupancy due to the following factors: (i) customers typically own their own homes, (ii) properties tend to foster a sense of community as a result of amenities, such as clubhouses and recreational and social activities, (iii) customers often sell their homes in-place (similar to site-built residential housing) resulting in no interruption of rental payments to us, and (iv) moving a Site Set home from one property to another involves substantial cost and effort.
Lifestyle Choice : According to the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association ("RVIA"), in a survey conducted by the University of Michigan in 2011, approximately 8.9 million or 8.5% of U.S. vehicle-owning households owned an RV. The 77 million people born in the United States from 1946 to 1964, or "baby boomers", make up the largest and one of the fastest growing segments in this market. According to Pew Research Center in 2010, every day 10,000 Americans turn 65 years old. We believe that this population segment, seeking an active lifestyle, will provide opportunities for our future growth. As RV owners age and move beyond the more active RV lifestyle, they will often seek permanent retirement or vacation establishments. Site Set housing has become an increasingly popular housing alternative for retirement, second-home, and "empty-nest" living. According to 2018 U.S. Census Bureau National Population Projections figures, the population of people ages 55 and older is expected to grow 19% within the next 15 years.
We believe that the housing choices in our Properties are especially attractive to such individuals throughout this lifestyle cycle. Our Properties offer an appealing amenity package, close proximity to local services, social activities, low maintenance and a secure environment. In fact, many of our Properties allow for this cycle to occur within a single Property.
Construction Quality: The Department of Housing and Urban Development's ("HUD") standards for Site Set housing construction quality are the only federal standards governing housing quality of any type in the United States. Site Set homes produced since 1976 have received a "red and silver" government seal certifying that they were built in compliance with the federal code. The code regulates Site Set home design and construction, strength and durability, fire resistance and energy efficiency, and the installation and performance of heating, plumbing, air conditioning, thermal and electrical systems. In newer homes, top grade lumber and dry wall materials are common. Also, manufacturers are required to follow the same fire codes as builders of site-built structures. In 1994, following the devastation left by Hurricane Andrew,

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HUD introduced regulations that established different wind zones across the country. As a result, any homes set in place since 1994 must be able to withstand wind speeds of 70 miles per hour in Zone 1, 100 miles per hour in Zone 2 and 110 miles per hour in Zone 3. While most of the Unites States is designated wind Zone 1, areas most likely to be impacted by hurricanes are either Zone 2 or Zone 3.
Although construction of cottages, which are generally smaller homes, do not come under the same HUD regulations, they are built and certified in accordance with NFPA 1192-15 and ANSI A119.5 consensus standards for park model recreational vehicles and have many of the same quality features. RVIA operates a safety standards and inspection program that requires member manufacturers of all recreation vehicles, including park model RVs, to certify that each unit built complies with the requirements of the applicable standards.
Comparability to Site-Built Homes: Since inception, the Site Set housing industry has experienced a trend toward multi-section homes. The average current Site Set homes are approximately 1,426 square feet. Many such homes have nine-foot ceilings or vaulted ceilings, fireplaces and as many as four bedrooms, and closely resemble single-family ranch-style site-built homes at a fraction of the price. At our Properties, there is an active resale or rental market for these larger homes. According to the 2017 U.S. Census American Community Survey, manufactured homes represent 9.1% of single-family housing units.
Second Home and Vacation Home Demographics : According to 2017 National Association of Realtors ("NAR") reports, sales of second homes in 2016 accounted for 31% of residential transactions, or 1.9 million second-home sales in 2016 and a typical vacation-home buyer earned $89,900 in 2016. According to 2014 NAR reports, there were approximately 8.0 million vacation homes in 2013 and a typical vacation-home buyer was 43 years old. According to the 2018 NAR reports, approximately 33% of vacation homes were purchased in resort areas. Of vacation buyers who purchased homes in 2018, 33% purchased in beach areas, 21% purchased on a lake front and 15% purchased in rural areas. According to the 2017 NAR reports, 18% of vacation home buyers plan to own their home for future retirement. Looking ahead, we expect continued strong demand from baby boomers. It is estimated that approximately 10,000 baby boomers will turn 65 daily through 2030. Additionally, the population of people age 55 in the U.S. and older is expected to grow 19% from 2019 to 2034 . We believe these individuals will continue to drive the market for second-home sales as vacation properties, investment opportunities, or retirement retreats. We believe it is likely that over the next decade we will continue to see high levels of second-home sales and that homes and cottages in our Properties will continue to provide a viable second-home alternative to site-built homes.
Notwithstanding our belief that the industry information highlighted above provides us with significant long-term growth opportunities, our short-term growth opportunities could be disrupted by the following:
Shipments: According to statistics compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau, MH shipments have increased each year from 2010 to 2018. Shipments in 2018 increased 3.98% to 96,600 units as compared to shipments in 2017 of 92,900 units. According to the RVIA, wholesale shipments of RVs decreased 4.2% in 2018 to approximately 483,700 units as compared to 2017 , a small dip in the otherwise positive trend in RV shipments that started in late 2009.

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mhandrvshipmentswdecdata.jpg
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1.
U.S. Census: Manufactured Homes Survey
2.
Source: RVIA


Sales: Retail sales of RVs totaled approximately 436,440 in 2018 , a 3.6% increase from 2017 RV sales of 421,436 and a 17.0% increase from 2016 RV sales of 373,032 . We believe that consumers remain concerned about the current economy, and the potential for stagnant economic conditions in the future. However, the enduring appeal of the RV lifestyle has translated into continued strength in RV sales. RV sales could continue to benefit as aging baby-boomers continue to enter the age range in which RV ownership is highest. RV dealers typically have relationships with third party lenders who provide financing for the purchase of an RV.
Availability of financing: Although RV financing is readily available, the economic and legislative environment has generally made it difficult for purchasers of both manufactured homes and RVs to obtain financing. Legislation enacted in 2010 known as the Safe Mortgage Licensing (SAFE) Act requires community owners interested in providing financing for customer purchases of manufactured homes to register as mortgage loan originators in states where they engage in such financing. In comparison to financing available to purchasers of site-built homes, the few third party financing sources available to purchasers of manufactured homes offer financing with higher down payments, higher rates and shorter maturities, and loan approval is subject to more stringent underwriting criteria. In 2013, we entered into a joint venture, ECHO Financing, LLC, to buy and sell homes and purchase loans made by an unaffiliated lender to residents at our Properties. Please see our risk factors in Item 1A. Risk Factors and consolidated financial statements and related notes beginning on page F-1 of this Form 10-K for more detailed information.
In 2017, the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") published Fannie Mae's and Freddie Mac's Underserved Markets Plans for 2018-2020 (the "Plans") under the duty-to-serve provisions mandated by the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. The FHFA mandate requires Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to serve three specific underserved markets, one of which is the manufactured housing sector. The Plans outline four duty-to-serve focus areas related to manufactured housing, including home purchase financing for customers placing manufactured homes in land lease communities. While this may have positive impact on our customers' ability to obtain chattel financing, the actual impact on us as well as the industry cannot be determined at this time.




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Available Information
We file reports electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy information and statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website with information about us as well as our press releases, investor presentations, and filings with the SEC at http://www.equitylifestyleproperties.com, which can be accessed free of charge. We intend to post material on our website from time to time that contains material non-public information. The posting of such information is intended to comply with our disclosure requirements under Regulation Fair Disclosure. Accordingly, in addition to following our SEC filings and public conference calls, we encourage investors, the media and others interested in us to review the business and financial information we post on our website. The information contained on our website, or available by hyperlink from our website, is not incorporated into this Form 10-K or other documents we file with, or furnish to, the SEC.
Previously, in addition to posting investor presentations on our website, we electronically furnished investor presentations to the SEC as exhibits to Current Reports on Form 8-K. Although we may continue to furnish our investor presentations as exhibits to Current Reports on Form 8-K, we intend to make our future investor presentations available only through our website. Requests for copies of our filings with the SEC and other investor inquiries should be directed to:
Investor Relations Department
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Two North Riverside Plaza
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Phone: 1-800-247-5279
e-mail: investor_relations@equitylifestyle.com



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Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following risk factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-K and presented elsewhere by our management from time to time. These risk factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that are currently not believed to be material may also affect our actual results.
Risks Relating to Our Operations and Real Estate Investments
Adverse Economic Conditions and Other Factors Could Adversely Affect the Economic Performance and Value of Our Properties and Our Cash Flows .
Several factors may adversely affect the economic performance and value of our Properties and our cash flows. These factors include:
changes in the national, regional and/or local economic climate;
the attractiveness of our Properties to customers, competition from other manufactured home communities and lifestyle-oriented properties and alternative forms of housing (such as apartment buildings and site-built single-family homes);
the ability of manufactured home and RV manufacturers to adapt to changes in the economic climate and the availability of units from these manufacturers;
the ability of our potential customers to sell or lease their existing site-built residences in order to purchase homes or cottages at our Properties, and heightened price sensitivity for seasonal and second homebuyers;
the possible reduced ability of our potential customers to obtain financing on the purchase of homes, cottages or RVs;
the ability of our potential customers to obtain affordable chattel financing from manufactured home lenders;
our ability to collect rent, annual payments and principal and interest from customers and pay or control maintenance, insurance and other operating costs (including real estate taxes), which could increase over time;
unfavorable weather conditions, especially on holiday weekends in the spring and summer months, could reduce the economic performance at our Properties;
change in climate and the occurrence of natural disasters or catastrophic events;
the failure of our assets to generate income sufficient to pay our expenses, service our debt and maintain our Properties, which may adversely affect our ability to make expected distributions to our stockholders or may result in claims including, but not limited to, foreclosure by a lender in the event of our inability to service our debt;
fluctuation in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to other currencies, primarily the Canadian dollar, as many of our customers who visit our northern and southern Properties are Canadians;
changes in U.S. social, political, economic conditions, laws, governmental regulations (including rent control laws and regulations governing usage, zoning and taxes and chattel financing), and policies governing health care systems and drug prices, tax laws, foreign trade, manufacturing, and development and investment;
fiscal policies or inaction at the U.S. federal government level, which may lead to federal government shutdowns or negative impacts on the U.S. economy;
changes in laws and governmental regulations related to minimum wage increases; and
our ability to attract customers to enter new or upgraded right-to-use contracts and to retain customers who have previously entered right-to-use contracts.
Economic Downturn in the States or Markets with a Large Concentration of Our Properties May Adversely Affect Our Cash Flows, Financial Condition and Ability to Make Distributions .
Our success is dependent upon economic conditions in the U.S. generally and in the geographic areas in which a substantial number of our Properties are located. Changes in national economic conditions and in the economic conditions of the regions in which we conduct substantial business may have an adverse effect on the real estate values of our Properties, our financial performance and the market price of our common stock. As we have a large concentration of properties in certain markets, most notably Florida, California, and Arizona, adverse market and economic conditions in these areas of high concentration, which significantly affect such factors as occupancy and rental rates, could have a significant impact on our revenues, cash flows, financial condition and ability to make distributions. In a recession or under other adverse economic conditions, such as during a government shutdown, non-earning assets and write-downs are likely to increase as debtors fail to meet their payment obligations. Although we maintain reserves for credit losses and an allowance for doubtful accounts in amounts that we believe should be sufficient to provide adequate protection against potential write-downs in our portfolio, these amounts could prove to be insufficient.
Certain of Our Properties, Primarily our RV Communities, are Subject to Seasonality and Cyclicality.
Some of our RV communities are used primarily by vacationers and campers. These Properties experience seasonal demand, which generally increases in the spring and summer months and decreases in the fall and winter months. As such, results for a certain quarter may not be indicative of the results of future quarters. In addition, because our RV communities are primarily used

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by vacationers and campers, economic cyclicality resulting in a downturn that affects discretionary spending and disposable income for leisure-time activities, as well as unfavorable weather conditions during the spring and summer months, could adversely affect our cash flows.
Competition for Acquisitions May Result in Increased Prices for Properties and Associated Costs and Increased Costs of Financing.
We expect that other real estate investors with significant capital will compete with us for attractive investment opportunities. Such competition increases prices for Properties and can also result in increased fixed costs, such as real estate taxes. To the extent we are unable to effectively compete or acquire properties with more favorable terms than we are able to negotiate, our business may be adversely affected. Further, we expect to acquire Properties with cash from sources including but not limited to secured or unsecured financings, proceeds from offerings of equity or debt, offerings of OP Units, undistributed funds from operations and sales of investments. We may not be in a position or have the opportunity in the future to make suitable Property acquisitions on favorable terms, or at all, and increased competition can cause difficulties obtaining new financing or securing favorable financing terms.
New Acquisitions May Fail to Perform as Expected and the Intended Benefits May Not Be Realized, Which Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Operations and the Market Price of Our Common Stock.
We intend to continue to acquire Properties. However, newly acquired Properties may fail to perform as expected and could pose risks for our ongoing operations including the following:
integration may prove costly or time-consuming and may divert management's attention from the management of daily operations;
difficulties or an inability to access capital or increases in financing costs;
we may incur costs and expenses associated with any undisclosed or potential liabilities;
unforeseen difficulties may arise in integrating an acquisition into our portfolio;
expected synergies may not materialize; and
we may acquire properties in new markets where we face risks associated with lack of market knowledge such as understanding of the local economy, the local governmental and/or local permit procedures.

As a result of the foregoing, we may not accurately estimate or identify all costs necessary to bring an acquired Property up to standards established for our intended market position. As such, we cannot provide assurance that any acquisition that we make will be accretive to us in the near term or at all. Furthermore, if we fail to realize the intended benefits of an acquisition, the market price of our common stock could decline to the extent that the market price reflects those benefits.
Development and Expansion Properties May Fail to Perform as Expected and the Intended Benefits May Not Be Realized, Which Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Operations and the Market Price of Our Common Stock.

We may periodically consider development and expansion activities, which are subject to risks such as construction costs exceeding original estimates and construction and lease-up delays resulting in increased construction costs and lower than expected revenues. Additionally, there can be no assurance that these properties will operate better as a result of development or expansion activities due to various factors, including lower than anticipated occupancy and rental rates causing a property to be unprofitable or less profitable than originally estimated.
We Regularly Expend Capital to Maintain, Repair and Renovate Our Properties, Which Could Negatively Impact Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
We may, or we may be required to, from time to time make significant capital expenditures to maintain or enhance the competitiveness of our Properties. There can be no assurances that any such expenditures would result in higher occupancy or higher rental rates.
Real Estate Investments Are Illiquid. Therefore, We May Not be Able to Sell Properties .
Real estate investments generally cannot be sold quickly. We may not be able to vary our portfolio promptly in response to economic or other conditions, forcing us to accept lower than market value. This inability to respond promptly to changes in the performance of our investments could adversely affect our financial condition and ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders.
Our Ability to Renew Ground Leases Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
We own the buildings and leasehold improvements at certain Properties that are subject to long-term ground leases. For various reasons, landowners may not want to renew the ground lease agreements with similar terms and conditions, if at all, which

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may adversely impact our ability to operate these Properties and generate revenues. We have 13 Properties in our portfolio subject to ground lease agreements for land, which we do not own. Four of the 13 Properties, which generated approximately $5.7 million of income from operations for the year ended December 31, 2018, are subject to ground lease agreements with a final expiration date before 2023. We intend to pursue renewal of these ground leases prior to expiration, but can provide no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts.
Our Ability to Sell or Rent Manufactured Homes Could be Impaired, Resulting in Reduced Cash Flows.
Selling and renting homes is a primary part of our business. Our ability to sell or rent manufactured homes could be adversely affected by any of the following factors:
downturns in economic conditions disrupting the single-family housing market;
local conditions, such as an oversupply of lifestyle-oriented properties or a reduction in demand for lifestyle-oriented properties;
increased costs to acquire homes;
our ability to obtain an adequate supply of homes at reasonable costs from MH suppliers;
the ability of customers to obtain affordable financing; and
demographics, such as the retirement of the "baby boomers", and their demand for access to our lifestyle-oriented Properties.
Regulation of Chattel Financing May Affect Our Ability to Sell Homes.
Since 2010, the regulatory environment has made it difficult for purchasers of manufactured homes and RVs to obtain financing. Legislation enacted in 2010 known as the SAFE Act (Safe Mortgage Licensing Act) requires community owners interested in providing financing for customer purchases of manufactured homes to register as mortgage loan originators in states where they engage in such financing. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act amended the Truth in Lending Act and other consumer protection laws by adding requirements for residential mortgage loans, including limitations on mortgage origination activities, restrictions on high-cost mortgages and new standards for appraisals. The law also requires lenders to make a reasonable investigation into a borrower's ability to repay a loan. These requirements make it more difficult for homeowners to obtain affordable financing and especially for individuals with moderate income to obtain loans to purchase manufactured housing or RVs. Homeowners' ability to obtain affordable financing could affect our ability to sell homes.
Our Investments in Joint Ventures Could be Adversely Affected by Our Lack of Sole Decision-Making Authority Regarding Major Decisions, Our Reliance on Our Joint Venture Partners' Financial Condition, Any Disputes that may Arise Between Us and Our Joint Venture Partners and Our Exposure to Potential Losses from the Actions of Our Joint Venture Partners.
We have joint ventures with other investors. We currently and may continue in the future to acquire properties or make investments in joint ventures with other persons or entities when we believe circumstances warrant the use of such structures. Joint venture investments involve risks not present with respect to our wholly owned Properties, including the following:
o ur joint venture partners might experience financial distress, become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, which may delay construction or development of a property or increase our financial commitment to the joint venture;
our joint venture partners may have business interests or goals with respect to a property that conflict with our business interests and goals, which could increase the likelihood of disputes regarding the ownership, management or disposition of the property; and
we may be unable to take actions that are opposed by our joint venture partners under arrangements that require us to share decision-making authority over major decisions affecting the ownership or operation of the joint venture and any property owned by the joint venture, such as the sale or financing of the property or the making of additional capital contributions for the benefit of the venture.
At times we have entered into agreements providing for joint and several liability with our partners. Frequently, we and our partners may each have the right to trigger a buy-sell arrangement, which could cause us to sell our interest, or acquire our partners' interest, at a time when we otherwise would not have initiated such a transaction. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our ability to generate and recognize attractive returns on our joint venture investments, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and distributions to our stockholders.
Our Success Depends, in Part, on Our Ability to Attract and Retain Talented Employees.
Our ability to attract, retain and motivate talented employees could significantly impact our future performance. Competition for these individuals is intense, and we cannot assure you that we will retain our key officers and employees or that we will be able to attract and retain other highly qualified individuals in the future.

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Our Business Operations Are Dependent On Software And Computer Systems Operated And Maintained By Third-Party Vendors.

We rely on the software and computer systems of third-party vendors to process and store information required for our business operations. Any disruption in the operations of these third-party vendors could adversely affect our business operations. While we require all vendors to maintain appropriate back-up copies of our information, transitioning to a new vendor can be time-consuming and disruptive, which could lead to lost revenues and damage to our business reputation.
Risks Relating to Governmental Regulation and Potential Litigation
Changes to Federal and State Laws and Regulations Could Adversely Affect Our Operations and the Market Price of Our Common Stock.
Our business operations are subject to certain federal and state laws and regulations including but not limited to the following:
Rent Control Legislation
Certain of our Properties are subject to state and local rent control regulations that dictate rent increases and our ability to recover increases in operating expenses and the costs of capital improvements. In addition, in certain jurisdictions, such regulations allow residents to sell their homes for a price that includes a premium above the intrinsic value of the homes. The premium represents the value of the future discounted rent-controlled rents, which is fully capitalized into the prices of the homes sold. In our view, such regulations result in a transfer to the residents of the value of our land, which would otherwise be reflected in market rents. As part of our effort to realize the value of Properties subject to restrictive regulation, we have initiated lawsuits at various times against various municipalities imposing such regulations in an attempt to balance the interests of our stockholders with the interests of our customers. In addition, we operate certain of our Properties, and may acquire additional properties, in high cost markets where the demand for affordable housing may result in the adoption of new rent control legislation that may impact rent increases.
We also own Properties in certain areas of the country where the rental rates at our Properties have not increased as fast as real estate values either because of locally imposed rent control or long term leases. In such areas, certain local government entities have at times investigated the possibility of seeking to take our Properties by eminent domain at values below the value of the underlying land. While no such eminent domain proceeding has been commenced, and we anticipate exercising all of our rights in connection with any such proceeding, successful condemnation proceedings by municipalities could adversely affect our financial condition.
Resident groups have previously filed lawsuits against us seeking to limit rent increases and/or seeking large damage awards for our alleged failure to properly maintain certain Properties or other resident related matters. An adverse finding against us in any such proceeding could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and distributions to our stockholders.
Occupational, Safety and Health Act
Our Properties are subject to regulation under the federal Occupational, Safety and Health Act ("OSHA"), which requires employers to provide employees with an environment free from hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress and unsanitary conditions. Although we believe that our Properties are in compliance in all material respects with applicable requirements, complying with OSHA and similar laws can be costly and any failure to comply with these regulations could result in penalties or potential litigation.
Americans with Disabilities Act
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (" ADA"), all public accommodations and commercial facilities must meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Although we believe that our Properties are in compliance in all material respects with applicable requirements, noncompliance with the ADA or related laws or regulations could result in the U.S. government imposing fines or private litigants being awarded damages against us. Such costs may adversely affect our ability to make distributions or payments to our investors. Compliance with the ADA requirements could involve removal of structural barriers to access or use by disabled persons. Other federal, state and local laws may require modifications to or restrict further renovations of our Properties with respect to such access.



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Laws and Regulations Relating to Campground Membership Sales and Properties Could Adversely Affect the Value of Certain Properties and Our Cash Flow.
Many of the states in which we do business have laws regulating right-to-use or campground membership sales. These laws generally require comprehensive disclosure to prospective purchasers, and usually give purchasers the right to rescind their purchase between three to five days after the date of sale. Some states have laws requiring us to register with a state agency and obtain a permit to market. We are subject to changes, from time to time, in the application or interpretation of such laws that can affect our business or the rights of our members.
In some states, including California, Oregon and Washington, laws place limitations on the ability of the owner of a campground property to close the property unless the customers at the property receive access to a comparable property. The impact of the rights of customers under these laws is uncertain and could adversely affect the availability or timing of sale opportunities or our ability to realize recoveries from Property sales.
Certain consumer rights and defenses that vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction may affect our portfolio of contracts receivable. Examples of such laws include state and federal consumer credit and truth-in-lending laws requiring the disclosure of finance charges, and usury and retail installment sales laws regulating permissible finance charges.
Environmental Risks
Natural Disasters Could Adversely Affect the Value of Our Properties and Cash Flows: Climate Change Could Increase the Frequency and Severity of Natural Disasters.
We are subject to risks associated with natural disasters, including but not limited to hurricanes, storms, fires and earthquakes. As of December 31, 2018 , we owned or had an ownership interest in 414 Properties located in 33 states and British Columbia, including 144 Properties located in Florida and 49 Properties located in California. The occurrence of a natural disaster or other catastrophic event in any of these areas may cause a sudden decrease in the value of our Properties and result in an adverse effect to our cash flows, financial condition and results of operations.
To the extent climate change causes changes in weather patterns, our markets could experience increases in storm intensity and rising sea levels. Over time, these conditions could result in declining demand for our coastal Properties or our inability to operate them. Climate change may also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of energy at our properties and requiring us to expend funds as we seek to repair and protect our properties against such risks. The incurrence of these losses, costs or business interruptions may adversely affect our operating and financial results.
Environmental and Utility-Related Problems are Possible and Can be Costly.
Federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment may require a current or previous owner or operator of real property to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases at such property. The owner or operator may have to pay a governmental entity or third parties for property damage and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by such parties in connection with the contamination. Such laws typically impose clean-up responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of or caused the presence of the contaminants. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by the environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition, third parties may sue the owner or operator of a site for damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from that site.
Environmental laws also govern the presence, maintenance and removal of asbestos. Such laws require that owners or operators of property containing asbestos properly manage and maintain the asbestos, that they notify and train those who may come into contact with asbestos and that they undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, if asbestos would be disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building. Such laws may impose fines and penalties on real property owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos fibers.
Utility-related laws and regulations also govern the provision of utility services. Such laws regulate, for example, how and to what extent owners or operators of property can charge renters for provision of utilities. Such laws also regulate the operations and performance of utility systems and may impose fines and penalties on real property owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements. The regulations may also require capital investment to maintain compliance.


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Changes in Oil and Gasoline Prices May Have an Adverse Impact on Our Properties and the RV Industry.
In the event the cost to power RVs increases, customers may reduce the amount of time spent traveling in their RVs. This may negatively impact revenues at our Properties that target these customers.
Risks Relating to Debt and the Financial Markets
Our Substantial Indebtedness Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations .
Our business is subject to risks normally associated with debt financing. The total principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness was approximately $2,385.9 million as of December 31, 2018 , of which approximately $117.0 million , or 4.9% , matures in 2020. Our substantial indebtedness and the cash flows associated with serving our indebtedness could have important consequences, including the risks that:
our cash flows could be insufficient to pay distributions at expected levels and meet required payments of principal and interest;
we might be required to use a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to pay our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flows to fund the implementation of our business strategy, acquisitions, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;
our debt service obligations could limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;
terms of refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness, resulting in higher interest rates that adversely affect net income, cash flows and our ability to service debt and make distributions to stockholders;
if principal payments due at maturity cannot be refinanced, extended or paid with proceeds of other capital transactions, such as new equity capital, our cash flows may not be sufficient in all years to repay all maturing debt; and
to the extent that any Property is cross-collateralized with any other Properties, any default under the mortgage note relating to one Property will result in a default under the financing arrangements relating to other Properties that also provide security for that mortgage note or are cross-collateralized with such mortgage note.
Our Ability to Obtain Mortgage Financing Or Refinance Maturing Mortgages May Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition .
Lenders' demands on borrowers as to the quality of the collateral and related cash flows may make it challenging to secure financing on attractive terms or at all. Future market factors including increases in the U.S. federal reserve funds rate will likely result in an increase in market interest rates, which may increase the costs of refinancing existing indebtedness or obtaining new debt.
Additionally, future disruptions in capital and credit markets, including potential reforms to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, could impact both the capacity and liquidity of lenders, resulting in financing terms that are less attractive to us and/or the unavailability of certain types of debt financing. This could have an adverse effect on our ability to refinance maturing debt and/or react to changing economic and business conditions.
Financial Covenants Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition .
If a Property is mortgaged to secure payment of indebtedness, and we are unable to meet mortgage payments, the mortgagee could foreclose on the Property, resulting in loss of income and asset value. The mortgages on our Properties contain customary negative covenants, which among other things limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the Property and to discontinue insurance coverage. In addition, our unsecured credit facilities contain certain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including total debt-to-assets ratios, debt service coverage ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt. Foreclosure on mortgaged Properties or an inability to refinance existing indebtedness would likely have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our Degree of Leverage Could Limit Our Ability to Obtain Additional Financing .
Our debt-to-market-capitalization ratio (total debt as a percentage of total debt plus the market value of the outstanding common stock and OP Units held by parties other than us) was approximately 20.4% as of December 31, 2018 . The degree of leverage could have important consequences to stockholders, including an adverse effect on our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development or other general corporate purposes, and makes us more vulnerable to a downturn in business or the economy generally.



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We May Be Able To Incur Substantially More Debt, Which Would Increase The Risks Associated With Our Substantial Leverage.
Despite our current indebtedness levels, we may still be able to incur substantially more debt in the future. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, an even greater portion of our cash flow will be needed to satisfy our debt service obligations. As a result, the related risks that we now face could intensify and increase the risk of a default on our indebtedness.

We May Be Adversely Affected By Changes in LIBOR Reporting Practices Or The Method In Which LIBOR Is Determined.

In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee ("ARRC") has proposed that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in derivatives and other financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to USD-LIBOR. Our floating rate borrowings and derivative instruments are indexed to USD-LIBOR and we are monitoring this activity and evaluating the related risks. Although the full impact of such reforms and actions, together with any transition away from LIBOR, including the potential or actual discontinuance of LIBOR publication, remains unclear, these changes may have a material adverse impact on the availability of financing, including LIBOR-based loans, and as a result on our financing costs.
Risks Related to Our Company Ownership
Provisions of Our Charter and Bylaws Could Inhibit Changes of Control.
Certain provisions of our charter and bylaws may delay or prevent a change of control or other transactions that could provide our stockholders with a premium over the then-prevailing market price of their common stock or future series of preferred stock, if any, which might otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. These include the Ownership Limit described below. Also, any future series of preferred stock may have certain voting provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be beneficial to our stockholders.
Maryland Law Imposes Certain Limitations on Changes of Control.
Certain provisions of Maryland law prohibit "business combinations" (including certain issuances of equity securities) with any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, or with an affiliate of ours, who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock (an "Interested Stockholder"), or with an affiliate of an Interested Stockholder. These prohibitions last for five years after the most recent date on which the Interested Stockholder became an Interested Stockholder. After the five-year period, a business combination with an Interested Stockholder must be approved by two super-majority stockholder votes unless, among other conditions, our common stockholders receive a minimum price for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the Interested Stockholder for shares of our common stock. The Board of Directors has exempted from these provisions under Maryland law any business combination with Samuel Zell, who is Chairman of our Board of Directors, certain holders of OP Units who received them at the time of our initial public offering, and our officers who acquired common stock at the time we were formed and each and every affiliate of theirs.
Conflicts of Interest Could Influence Our Decisions .
Certain stockholders could exercise influence in a manner inconsistent with stockholders' best interests. Mr. Zell and certain related entities, directly or indirectly, beneficially own shares of our common stock and OP Units as disclosed in our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2019 Annual Meeting incorporated by reference herein. Mr. Zell is the chairman of our Board of Directors. Accordingly, Mr. Zell has significant influence on our management and operation. Such influence could be exercised in a manner that is inconsistent with the interests of other stockholders. In addition, Mr. Zell and related entities continue to be involved in other investment activities. Mr. Zell and related entities have a broad and varied range of investment interests, including interests in other real estate investment companies that own other forms of housing, including multifamily housing. Mr. Zell and related entities may acquire interests in other companies. Mr. Zell may not be able to control whether any such company competes with us.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
We Depend on Our Subsidiaries' Dividends and Distributions.
Substantially all of our assets are owned indirectly by the Operating Partnership. As a result, we have no source of cash flow other than distributions from our Operating Partnership. For us to pay dividends to holders of our common stock and preferred

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stock, the Operating Partnership must first distribute cash to us. Before it can distribute the cash, our Operating Partnership must first satisfy its obligations to its creditors.
Market Interest Rates May Have an Effect on the Value of Our Common Stock.
One of the factors that investors consider important in deciding whether to buy or sell shares of a REIT is the distribution rates with respect to such shares (as a percentage of the price of such shares) relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates go up, prospective purchasers of REIT shares may expect a higher distribution rate. Higher interest rates would not, however, result in more of our funds to distribute and, in fact, would likely increase our borrowing costs and potentially decrease funds available for distribution. Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of our publicly traded securities to go down.
Issuances or Sales of our Common Stock May Be Dilutive.
The issuance or sale of substantial amounts of our common stock could have a dilutive effect on our actual and expected earnings per share, Funds From Operations (“FFO”) per share and Normalized Funds From Operations ("Normalized FFO") per share. We may sell common shares under our at-the-market ("ATM") equity offering program from time-to-time. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we sold 861,141 of common shares through our then-existing ATM equity offering program in connection with the acquisitions during the year. The actual amount of dilution cannot be determined at this time and would be dependent upon numerous factors which are not currently known to us.
Risks Relating to REITs and Income Taxes
We are Dependent on External Sources of Capital.
To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders each year at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain). In addition, we intend to distribute all or substantially all of our net income so that we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our earnings. Because of these distribution requirements, it is not likely that we will be able to fund all future capital needs, including acquisitions, from income from operations. We therefore will have to rely on third-party sources of debt and equity capital financing, which may or may not be available on favorable terms or at all. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends on a number of things, including conditions in the capital markets generally and the market's perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future earnings. It may be difficult for us to meet one or more of the requirements for qualification as a REIT, including but not limited to our distribution requirement. Moreover, additional equity offerings may result in substantial dilution of stockholders' interests, and additional debt financing may substantially increase our leverage.
We Have a Stock Ownership Limit for REIT Tax Purposes.
To remain qualified as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the federal income tax laws applicable to REITs) at any time during the last half of any taxable year. To facilitate maintenance of our REIT qualification, our charter, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits Beneficial Ownership (as defined in our charter) by any single stockholder of more than 5% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding capital stock. We refer to this as the "Ownership Limit." Within certain limits, our charter permits the Board of Directors to increase the Ownership Limit with respect to any class or series of stock. The Board of Directors, upon receipt of a ruling from the IRS, opinion of counsel, or other evidence satisfactory to the Board of Directors and upon 15 days prior written notice of a proposed transfer which, if consummated, would result in the transferee owning shares in excess of the Ownership Limit, and upon such other conditions as the Board of Directors may direct, may exempt a stockholder from the Ownership Limit. Absent any such exemption, capital stock acquired or held in violation of the Ownership Limit will be transferred by operation of law to us as trustee for the benefit of the person to whom such capital stock is ultimately transferred, and the stockholder's rights to distributions and to vote would terminate. Such stockholder would be entitled to receive, from the proceeds of any subsequent sale of the capital stock we transferred as trustee, the lesser of (i) the price paid for the capital stock or, if the owner did not pay for the capital stock (for example, in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the market price of the capital stock on the date of the event causing the capital stock to be transferred to us as trustee or (ii) the amount realized from such sale. A transfer of capital stock may be void if it causes a person to violate the Ownership Limit. The Ownership Limit could delay or prevent a change in control of us and, therefore, could adversely affect our stockholders' ability to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price for their common stock or adversely affect the best interest of our stockholders.


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Our Qualification as a REIT is Dependent on Compliance with U.S. Federal Income Tax Requirements .
We believe we have been organized and operated in a manner so as to qualify for taxation as a REIT, and we intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our current and continuing qualification as a REIT depends on our ability to meet the various requirements imposed by the Code, which relate to organizational structure, distribution levels, diversity of stock ownership and certain restrictions with regard to owned assets and categories of income. If we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we are generally not subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income that is distributed to our stockholders. However, qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes is governed by highly technical and complex provisions of the Code for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations. In connection with certain transactions, we have received, and relied upon, advice of counsel as to the impact of such transactions on our qualification as a REIT. Our qualification as a REIT requires analysis of various facts and circumstances that may not be entirely within our control, and we cannot provide any assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") will agree with our analysis or the analysis of our tax counsel. In particular, the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of right-to-use membership contracts and rental income from certain short-term stays at RV communities is uncertain and there is no assurance that the IRS will agree with our treatment of such contracts or rental income. If the IRS were to disagree with our analysis or our tax counsel's analysis of various facts and circumstances, our ability to qualify as a REIT could be adversely affected.
In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions might significantly change the tax laws with respect to the requirements for qualification as a REIT or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of qualification as a REIT.
If, with respect to any taxable year, we failed to maintain our qualification as a REIT (and if specified relief provisions under the Code were not applicable to such disqualification), we would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. If we lost our REIT status, we could not deduct distributions to stockholders in computing our net taxable income at regular corporate rates and we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our net taxable incomes. If we had to pay U.S. federal income tax, the amount of money available to distribute to stockholders and pay indebtedness would be reduced for the year or years involved, and we would no longer be required to distribute money to stockholders. Although we currently intend to operate in a manner designed to allow us to qualify as a REIT, future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause us to revoke the REIT election.
Furthermore, we own a direct interest in a subsidiary REIT, and in the past we have owned interests in other subsidiary REITs, each of which elected to be taxed as REITs under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. Provided that each subsidiary REIT that we own qualifies as a REIT, our interest in such subsidiary REIT will be treated as a qualifying real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, and any dividend income or gains derived by us from such subsidiary REIT will generally be treated as income that qualifies for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. To qualify as a REIT, the subsidiary REIT must independently satisfy all of the REIT qualification requirements. If such subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT, and certain relief provisions did not apply, it would be treated as a regular taxable corporation and its income would be subject to U.S. federal income tax. In addition, a failure of the subsidiary REIT to qualify as a REIT could have an adverse effect on our ability to comply with the REIT income and asset tests, and thus our ability to qualify as a REIT.
We May Pay Some Taxes, Reducing Cash Available for Stockholders.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to some U.S. federal, foreign, state and local taxes on our income and property. Since January 1, 2001, certain of our corporate subsidiaries have elected to be treated as "taxable REIT subsidiaries" for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and are taxable as regular corporations and subject to certain limitations on intercompany transactions. If tax authorities determine that amounts paid by our taxable REIT subsidiaries to us are greater than what would be paid under similar arrangements among unrelated parties, we could be subject to a 100% penalty tax on the excess payments, and ongoing intercompany arrangements could have to change, resulting in higher ongoing tax payments. To the extent we are required to pay U.S. federal, foreign, state or local taxes or U.S. federal penalty taxes due to existing laws or changes to them, we will have less cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Recent Changes to U.S. Tax Laws and Related Interpretations Could Adversely Impact Us.
On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code").
While the changes in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act generally appear to be favorable with respect to REITs, the extensive changes to non-REIT provisions in the Code may have unanticipated effects on us or our stockholders. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act lacks clarification with regard to many aspects and is likely subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the U.S. Treasury Department and Internal Revenue Service, any of which could lessen or increase the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. In addition, it remains unclear how these U.S. federal income tax

17



changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities.
As a result of the changes to U.S. federal tax laws implemented by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, our taxable income and the amount of distributions to our stockholders required in order to maintain our REIT status, and our relative tax advantage as a REIT, may change. The long-term impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on the overall economy, government revenues, our tenants, us, and the real estate industry cannot be reliably predicted at this stage of the law’s implementation. There can be no assurance that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will not negatively impact our operating results, financial condition, and future business operations. For additional discussion of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, see "Recent U.S. Federal Income Tax Legislation." You are urged to consult with your tax advisor with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory, or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our shares.
Other Risk Factors Affecting Our Business
Some Potential Losses Are Not Covered by Insurance.
We carry comprehensive insurance coverage for losses resulting from property damage and environmental liability and business interruption claims on all of our Properties. In addition, we carry liability coverage for other activities not specifically related to property operations. These coverages include, but are not limited to, Directors & Officers liability, Employer Practices liability, Fiduciary liability and Cyber liability. We believe that the policy specifications and coverage limits of these policies should be adequate and appropriate. There are, however, certain types of losses, such as punitive damages, lease and other contract claims that generally are not insured. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of coverage limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a Property or the anticipated future revenue from a Property. In such an event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the Property.
Our current property and casualty insurance policies, which we plan to renew, expire on April 1, 2019. We have a $100 million loss limit per occurrence with respect to our all-risk property insurance program including named windstorms, which include, for example, hurricanes. This loss limit is subject to additional sub-limits as set forth in the policy form, including, among others, a $25 million aggregate loss limit for earthquake(s) in California. The deductibles for this policy primarily range from a $500,000 minimum to 5% per unit of insurance for most catastrophic events. For most catastrophic events, there is an additional one-time $500,000 aggregate deductible. A deductible indicates our maximum exposure, subject to policy limits and sub-limits, in the event of a loss.
We Face Risks Relating to Cybersecurity Incidents.
We rely extensively on internally and externally hosted computer systems to process transactions and manage our business. Critical components of our systems are dependent upon third-party providers and a significant portion of our business operations are conducted over the internet. These systems and websites require access to telecommunications or the internet, each of which is subject to system security risks, cybersecurity breaches, outages and other risks. These could include attempts to gain unauthorized access to our data and computer systems, or steal confidential information, including credit card information from our customers, breaches due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions, including disruptions that result in our and our customers' loss of access to our information systems. Attacks can be both individual or highly organized attempts by very sophisticated hacking organizations. We employ a number of measures to prevent, detect and mitigate these threats. While we continue to improve our cybersecurity and take measures to protect our business, there is no guarantee such efforts will be successful in preventing a cyber incident and that our financial results will not be negatively impacted by such an incident. A cybersecurity incident could compromise the confidential information of our employees, customers and vendors to the extent such information exists on our systems or on the systems of third-party providers. Such an incident could result in potential liability, damage our reputation and disrupt and affect our business operations and result in lawsuits against us.
Social Media Platforms or Social Media Sites Could Cause Us to Suffer Brand Damage or Information Leakage.
The use of social media could cause us to suffer brand damage or information leakage. Negative posts or comments about us, our officers, employees or directors or our Properties on any social networking platform could damage our image, or our Properties' reputations. The considerable increase in the use of social media over recent years has greatly expanded the potential scope and scale, and increased the rapidity of the dissemination of negative publicity that could be generated by negative posts and comments. In addition, employees or others might disclose non-public sensitive information relating to our business through external media channels. The continuing evolution of social media will present us with new challenges and risks.



18



Interpretation of and Changes to Accounting Policies and Standards Could Adversely Affect Our Reported Financial Results.
Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to the manner in which we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. Management must exercise judgment in selecting and applying many of these accounting policies and methods in order to ensure that they comply with generally accepted accounting principles and reflect management's judgment as to the most appropriate manner in which to record and report our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, management must select the accounting policy or method to apply from two or more alternatives, any of which might be reasonable under the circumstances yet might result in reporting materially different amounts than would have been reported under a different alternative.
Additionally, the bodies that set accounting standards for public companies, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), the SEC and others, periodically change or revise existing interpretations of the accounting and reporting standards that govern the way that we report our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. These changes can be difficult to predict and can materially impact our reported financial results. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised accounting standard, or a revised interpretation of an accounting standard, retroactively, which could have a negative impact on reported results or result in the restatement of our financial statements for prior periods.
Any Weaknesses Identified in Our Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Could Have an Adverse Effect on Our Stock Price.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 requires us to evaluate and report on our internal control over financial reporting. If we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports. which in turn could have an adverse effect on our stock price.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

19



Item 2. Properties

General
Our Properties provide attractive amenities and common facilities that create a comfortable and attractive home for our customers, with most offering a clubhouse, a swimming pool, laundry facilities, cable television and internet service. Many also offer additional amenities such as sauna/whirlpool spas, golf courses, tennis, pickleball, shuffleboard and basketball courts, exercise rooms and various social activities. Since most of our customers generally own their home and live in our communities for a long time, it is their responsibility to maintain their homes and the surrounding area. It is our role to ensure that customers comply with our Property policies and to provide maintenance of the common areas, facilities and amenities. We hold periodic meetings with our Property management personnel for training and implementation of our strategies. The Properties historically have had, and we believe they will continue to have, low turnover and high occupancy rates.
Property Portfolio
As of December 31, 2018 , we owned or had an ownership interest in a portfolio of 414 Properties located throughout the United States and British Columbia containing 155,447 Sites. A total of 118 of the Properties are encumbered by debt as of December 31, 2018 (see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of this debt). The distribution of our Properties throughout the United States reflects our belief that geographic diversification helps to insulate the portfolio from regional economic influences. We intend to target new acquisitions in or near markets where our Properties are located and will also consider acquisitions of properties outside such markets.
Our two largest Properties as determined by property operating revenues are Colony Cove, located in Ellenton, Florida, and Viewpoint Resort, located in Mesa, Arizona. Each accounted for approximately 2.0% of our total property operating revenues, including deferrals, for the year ended December 31, 2018 .
The following table sets forth certain information relating to our 397 wholly owned Properties containing 149,506 Sites as of December 31, 2018 . These Properties are categorized according to major markets and exclude Properties owned through joint ventures. The total number of annual Sites presented for the RV communities represents Sites occupied by annual customers and are presented as 100%. Percentage occupancy subtotals by markets and grand totals for all markets are presented on a weighted average basis.

Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Florida
East Coast:
Cheron Village
Davie
FL
MH
30
202
202
100.0%
Carriage Cove
Daytona Beach
FL
MH
59
418
418
89.2%
Coquina Crossing
Elkton
FL
MH
316
26
596
596
93.5%
Bulow Plantation
Flagler Beach
FL
MH
323
181
276
276
100.0%
Bulow Village RV
Flagler Beach
FL
RV
(e)
352
112
100.0%
Carefree Cove
Fort Lauderdale
FL
MH
20
164
164
93.3%
Everglades Lakes (c)
Fort Lauderdale
FL
MH
103
612
612
97.9%
Park City West
Fort Lauderdale
FL
MH
60
363
363
98.3%
Sunshine Holiday MH
Fort Lauderdale
FL
MH
32
245
245
98.0%
Sunshine Holiday RV
Fort Lauderdale
FL
RV
(e)
130
53
100.0%
Lake Worth Village
Lake Worth
FL
MH
117
823
823
91.1%
Maralago Cay
Lantana
FL
MH
102
602
602
99.8%
Coral Cay Plantation
Margate
FL
MH
121
818
818
99.5%

20




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Lakewood Village
Melbourne
FL
MH
68
349
349
86.0%
Miami Everglades
Miami
FL
RV
34
303
97
100.0%
Holiday Village
Ormond Beach
FL
MH
43
301
301
87.7%
Sunshine Holiday
Ormond Beach
FL
RV
69
349
134
100.0%
The Meadows, FL
Palm Beach Gardens
FL
MH
55
378
378
97.4%
Breezy Hill RV
Pompano Beach
FL
RV
52
762
399
100.0%
Highland Wood RV
Pompano Beach
FL
RV
15
148
18
100.0%
Lighthouse Pointe
Port Orange
FL
MH
64
433
433
83.8%
Pickwick
Port Orange
FL
MH
84
6
432
432
100.0%
Rose Bay
Port Orange
FL
RV
21
303
203
100.0%
Palm Lake (c)
Riviera Beach
FL
MH
154
915
915
70.8%
Indian Oaks
Rockledge
FL
MH
38
208
208
99.5%
Space Coast
Rockledge
FL
RV
24
270
149
100.0%
Countryside
Vero Beach
FL
MH
125
644
644
93.8%
Heritage Plantation
Vero Beach
FL
MH
64
437
437
86.0%
Heron Cay
Vero Beach
FL
MH
130
588
588
89.1%
Holiday Village, FL
Vero Beach
FL
MH
20
128
128
—%
Sunshine Travel
Vero Beach
FL
RV
30
6
300
134
100.0%
Vero Palm
Vero Beach
FL
MH
64
285
285
86.7%
Village Green
Vero Beach
FL
MH
174
782
782
88.6%
Palm Beach Colony
West Palm Beach
FL
MH
48
284
284
100.0%
Central:
Clover Leaf Farms
Brooksville
FL
MH
227
18
778
778
99.4%
Clover Leaf Forest
Brooksville
FL
RV
30
277
147
100.0%
Clerbrook Golf & RV Resort
Clermont
FL
RV
288
1,255
479
100.0%
Lake Magic
Clermont
FL
RV
69
471
151
100.0%
Orange Lake
Clermont
FL
MH
38
242
242
98.3%
Orlando
Clermont
FL
RV
270
30
850
150
100.0%
Haselton Village
Eustis
FL
MH
52
291
291
100.0%
Southern Palms
Eustis
FL
RV
120
950
358
100.0%
Lakeside Terrace
Fruitland Park
FL
MH
39
241
241
99.2%
Grand Island
Grand Island
FL
MH
35
362
362
72.9%
Sherwood Forest
Kissimmee
FL
MH
124
769
769
98.2%
Sherwood Forest RV Park
Kissimmee
FL
RV
107
513
151
100.0%
Tropical Palms
Kissimmee
FL
RV
59
566
203
100.0%
Beacon Hill Colony
Lakeland
FL
MH
31
201
201
100.0%
Beacon Terrace
Lakeland
FL
MH
55
297
297
100.0%
Kings & Queens
Lakeland
FL
MH
18
107
107
100.0%
Lakeland Harbor
Lakeland
FL
MH
65
504
504
99.4%

21




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Lakeland Junction
Lakeland
FL
MH
23
193
193
100.0%
Coachwood Colony
Leesburg
FL
MH
29
201
201
91.5%
Mid-Florida Lakes
Leesburg
FL
MH
290
1,225
1,225
88.2%
Southernaire
Mt. Dora
FL
MH
14
114
114
89.5%
Foxwood Farms
Ocala
FL
MH
56
365
365
87.1%
Oak Bend
Ocala
FL
MH
62
17
262
262
89.7%
Villas at Spanish Oaks
Ocala
FL
MH
69
455
455
87.9%
Audubon
Orlando
FL
MH
40
280
280
99.6%
Hidden Valley
Orlando
FL
MH
50
303
303
99.7%
Starlight Ranch
Orlando
FL
MH
130
783
783
91.3%
Covington Estates
Saint Cloud
FL
MH
59
241
241
99.6%
Parkwood Communities
Wildwood
FL
MH
121
694
694
98.4%
Three Flags RV Resort
Wildwood
FL
RV
23
221
50
100.0%
Winter Garden
Winter Garden
FL
RV
27
350
159
100.0%
Gulf Coast (Tampa/Naples):
Riverside RV
Arcadia
FL
RV
196
499
124
100.0%
Toby's RV
Arcadia
FL
RV
44
379
265
100.0%
Sunshine Key RV Resort
Big Pine Key
FL
RV
54
409
55
100.0%
Windmill Manor
Bradenton
FL
MH
49
292
292
98.3%
Winter Quarters Manatee
Bradenton
FL
RV
42
415
238
100.0%
Glen Ellen
Clearwater
FL
MH
12
106
106
90.6%
Hillcrest
Clearwater
FL
MH
25
278
278
96.4%
Holiday Ranch
Clearwater
FL
MH
12
150
150
94.7%
Serendipity (c)
Clearwater
FL
MH
55
425
425
96.0%
Shady Lane Oaks
Clearwater
FL
MH
31
249
249
96.8%
Shady Lane Village
Clearwater
FL
MH
19
156
156
96.2%
Silk Oak
Clearwater
FL
MH
19
181
181
95.6%
Crystal Isles
Crystal River
FL
RV
38
260
82
100.0%
Lake Haven
Dunedin
FL
MH
48
379
379
99.2%
Colony Cove
Ellenton
FL
MH
538
61
2,206
2,206
98.6%
Ridgewood Estates
Ellenton
FL
MH
77
380
380
100.0%
Fort Myers Beach Resort
Fort Myers
FL
RV
31
306
133
100.0%
Gulf Air Travel
Fort Myers Beach
FL
RV
25
246
159
100.0%
Holiday Travel Park (c)
Holiday
FL
RV
45
613
540
100.0%
Barrington Hills
Hudson
FL
RV
28
392
250
100.0%
Down Yonder
Largo
FL
MH
50
361
361
99.7%
East Bay Oaks
Largo
FL
MH
40
328
328
99.7%
Eldorado Village
Largo
FL
MH
25
227
227
98.7%
Paradise Park - Largo
Largo
FL
MH
15
108
108
99.1%
Shangri La
Largo
FL
MH
14
160
160
93.8%

22




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Vacation Village
Largo
FL
RV
29
293
169
100.0%
Whispering Pines - Largo
Largo
FL
MH
55
393
393
93.4%
Fiesta Key
Long Key
FL
RV
28
4
324
13
100.0%
Pasco
Lutz
FL
RV
27
255
206
100.0%
Country Place
New Port Richey
FL
MH
82
515
515
99.8%
Hacienda Village
New Port Richey
FL
MH
66
505
505
99.8%
Harbor View
New Port Richey
FL
MH
69
471
471
98.5%
Bay Lake Estates
Nokomis
FL
MH
34
228
228
99.6%
Lake Village
Nokomis
FL
MH
65
391
391
99.5%
Royal Coachman
Nokomis
FL
RV
111
546
456
100.0%
Buccaneer
North Fort Myers
FL
MH
223
39
971
971
99.7%
Island Vista
North Fort Myers
FL
MH
121
616
616
78.6%
Lake Fairways
North Fort Myers
FL
MH
259
896
896
100.0%
Pine Lakes
North Fort Myers
FL
MH
314
584
584
100.0%
Pioneer Village
North Fort Myers
FL
RV
90
733
386
100.0%
Sunseekers RV Resort (c)
North Fort Myers
FL
RV
16
241
145
100.0%
The Heritage
North Fort Myers
FL
MH
214
22
453
453
99.1%
Windmill Village
North Fort Myers
FL
MH
69
491
491
92.3%
Silver Dollar Resort
Odessa
FL
RV
412
459
386
100.0%
Terra Ceia
Palmetto
FL
RV
18
203
156
100.0%
The Arbors at Countrywood
Plant City
FL
MH
(e)
62
62
—%
The Lakes at Countrywood
Plant City
FL
MH
122
424
424
95.5%
The Meadows at Countrywood
Plant City
FL
MH
140
13
737
737
104.5%
The Oaks at Countrywood
Plant City
FL
MH
44
168
168
89.3%
Harbor Lakes
Port Charlotte
FL
RV
80
528
348
100.0%
Emerald Lake
Punta Gorda
FL
MH
28
201
201
100.0%
Gulf View
Punta Gorda
FL
RV
78
206
78
100.0%
Tropical Palms
Punta Gorda
FL
MH
50
294
294
92.5%
Kingswood (c)
Riverview
FL
MH
52
229
229
99.1%
Winds of St Armands North
Sarasota
FL
MH
74
471
471
100.0%
Winds of St Armands South
Sarasota
FL
MH
61
20
306
306
100.0%
Topics RV
Spring Hill
FL
RV
35
230
177
100.0%
Pine Island RV Resort
St. James City
FL
RV
31
363
94
100.0%
Carefree Village
Tampa
FL
MH
58
397
397
98.2%
Tarpon Glen
Tarpon Springs
FL
MH
24
169
169
94.7%
Featherock
Valrico
FL
MH
84
521
521
99.8%
Bay Indies
Venice
FL
MH
210
1,309
1,309
99.6%
Ramblers Rest
Venice
FL
RV
117
647
390
100.0%
Peace River
Wauchula
FL
RV
72
454
43
100.0%

23




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Crystal Lake-Zephyrhills
Zephyrhills
FL
MH
147
26
366
366
86.1%
Forest Lake Estates
Zephyrhills
FL
MH
164
66
892
892
100.0%
Forest Lake Village
Zephyrhills
FL
RV
42
274
179
100.0%
Sixth Avenue
Zephyrhills
FL
MH
14
140
140
77.9%
Total Florida Market
10,840
535
57,022
47,596
95.6%
California
Northern California:
Monte del Lago
Castroville
CA
MH
54
310
310
99.7%
Colony Park
Ceres
CA
MH
20
186
186
96.8%
Russian River
Cloverdale
CA
RV
41
135
11
100.0%
Snowflower (f)
Emigrant Gap
CA
RV
612
268
—%
Four Seasons
Fresno
CA
MH
40
242
242
97.5%
Yosemite Lakes
Groveland
CA
RV
403
30
299
1
100.0%
Tahoe Valley (d) (f)
Lake Tahoe
CA
RV
86
413
—%
Sea Oaks
Los Osos
CA
MH
18
1
125
125
99.2%
Ponderosa
Lotus
CA
RV
22
170
15
100.0%
Turtle Beach
Manteca
CA
RV
39
79
19
100.0%
Coralwood (d)
Modesto
CA
MH
22
194
194
99.5%
Lake Minden
Nicolaus
CA
RV
165
82
323
8
100.0%
Lake of the Springs
Oregon House
CA
RV
954
507
541
67
100.0%
Concord Cascade
Pacheco
CA
MH
31
283
283
100.0%
San Francisco RV (f)
Pacifica
CA
RV
12
122
—%
Quail Meadows
Riverbank
CA
MH
20
146
146
97.3%
California Hawaiian
San Jose
CA
MH
50
418
418
100.0%
Sunshadow (d)
San Jose
CA
MH
30
121
121
100.0%
Village of the Four Seasons
San Jose
CA
MH
30
271
271
100.0%
Westwinds (4 Properties) (d)
San Jose
CA
MH
88
723
723
100.0%
Laguna Lake
San Luis Obispo
CA
MH
100
300
300
100.0%
Contempo Marin
San Rafael
CA
MH
63
396
396
100.0%
De Anza Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz
CA
MH
30
198
198
99.5%
Santa Cruz Ranch RV Resort (f)
Scotts Valley
CA
RV
7
106
—%
Royal Oaks
Visalia
CA
MH
20
149
149
85.2%
Southern California:
Soledad Canyon
Acton
CA
RV
273
1,251
18
100.0%
Los Ranchos
Apple Valley
CA
MH
30
389
389
99.0%
Date Palm Country Club (d)
Cathedral City
CA
MH
232
3
538
538
98.7%
Date Palm RV
Cathedral City
CA
RV
(e)
140
20
100.0%

24




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Oakzanita Springs
Descanso
CA
RV
145
5
146
18
100.0%
Rancho Mesa
El Cajon
CA
MH
20
158
158
98.7%
Rancho Valley
El Cajon
CA
MH
19
140
140
100.0%
Royal Holiday
Hemet
CA
MH
22
198
198
61.1%
Idyllwild
Idyllwild
CA
RV
191
287
52
100.0%
Pio Pico
Jamul
CA
RV
176
10
512
74
100.0%
Wilderness Lakes
Menifee
CA
RV
73
529
53
100.0%
Morgan Hill
Morgan Hill
CA
RV
62
339
13
100.0%
Pacific Dunes Ranch (f)
Oceana
CA
RV
48
215
—%
San Benito
Paicines
CA
RV
199
23
523
46
100.0%
Palm Springs
Palm Desert
CA
RV
35
401
17
100.0%
Las Palmas
Rialto
CA
MH
18
136
136
99.3%
Parque La Quinta
Rialto
CA
MH
19
166
166
100.0%
Rancho Oso
Santa Barbara
CA
RV
310
40
187
23
100.0%
Meadowbrook
Santee
CA
MH
43
338
338
99.7%
Lamplighter
Spring Valley
CA
MH
32
270
270
99.6%
Santiago Estates
Sylmar
CA
MH
113
9
300
300
96.3%
Total California Market
5,017
710
13,681
7,150
98.0%
Arizona:
Apache East
Apache Junction
AZ
MH
17
123
123
100.0%
Countryside RV
Apache Junction
AZ
RV
53
560
296
100.0%
Denali Park
Apache Junction
AZ
MH
33
5
162
162
98.8%
Golden Sun RV
Apache Junction
AZ
RV
33
329
197
100.0%
Valley Vista
Benson
AZ
RV
6
145
5
100.0%
Casita Verde RV Resort
Casa Grande
AZ
RV
14
192
87
100.0%
Fiesta Grande RV Resort
Casa Grande
AZ
RV
77
767
523
100.0%
Foothills West RV Resort
Casa Grande
AZ
RV
16
188
122
100.0%
Sunshine Valley
Chandler
AZ
MH
55
381
381
96.3%
Verde Valley
Cottonwood
AZ
RV
273
118
352
105
100.0%
Casa del Sol East II
Glendale
AZ
MH
29
239
239
95.4%
Casa del Sol East III
Glendale
AZ
MH
28
236
236
96.6%
Palm Shadows
Glendale
AZ
MH
33
293
293
91.8%
Hacienda De Valencia
Mesa
AZ
MH
51
364
364
98.6%
Mesa Spirit
Mesa
AZ
RV
90
1,600
746
100.0%
Monte Vista
Mesa
AZ
RV
142
33
947
768
100.0%
Seyenna Vistas
Mesa
AZ
MH
60
4
407
407
98.8%
The Highlands at Brentwood
Mesa
AZ
MH
45
268
268
98.5%
Viewpoint
Mesa
AZ
RV
332
15
2,188
1,759
100.0%

25




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Apollo Village
Peoria
AZ
MH
29
3
238
238
96.2%
Casa del Sol West I
Peoria
AZ
MH
31
245
245
99.2%
Carefree Manor
Phoenix
AZ
MH
16
130
130
95.4%
Central Park
Phoenix
AZ
MH
37
293
293
95.6%
Desert Skies
Phoenix
AZ
MH
24
166
166
98.8%
Sunrise Heights
Phoenix
AZ
MH
28
199
199
95.5%
Whispering Palms
Phoenix
AZ
MH
15
116
116
94.8%
Desert Vista
Salome
AZ
RV
10
125
1
100.0%
Sedona Shadows
Sedona
AZ
MH
48
2
198
198
99.0%
Venture In RV Resort
Show Low
AZ
RV
26
389
273
100.0%
Paradise
Sun City
AZ
RV
80
950
738
100.0%
The Meadows
Tempe
AZ
MH
60
390
390
99.5%
Fairview Manor
Tucson
AZ
MH
28
235
235
99.6%
Westpark
Wickenburg
AZ
MH
48
7
231
231
97.0%
Araby
Yuma
AZ
RV
25
3
337
292
100.0%
Cactus Gardens
Yuma
AZ
RV
43
430
248
100.0%
Capri RV Park
Yuma
AZ
RV
20
303
190
100.0%
Desert Paradise
Yuma
AZ
RV
26
260
105
100.0%
Foothill
Yuma
AZ
RV
18
180
59
100.0%
Mesa Verde
Yuma
AZ
RV
28
345
276
100.0%
Suni Sands
Yuma
AZ
RV
34
336
169
100.0%
Total Arizona Market
2,061
190
15,837
11,873
98.9%
Colorado:
Hillcrest Village
Aurora
CO
MH
72
602
602
99.8%
Cimarron Village
Broomfield
CO
MH
50
327
327
100.0%
Holiday Village CO
Colorado Springs
CO
MH
38
240
240
99.6%
Bear Creek
Denver
CO
MH
12
121
121
97.5%
Holiday Hills
Denver
CO
MH
99
736
736
97.6%
Golden Terrace
Golden
CO
MH
32
263
263
100.0%
Golden Terrace South
Golden
CO
MH
15
80
80
100.0%
Golden Terrace South RV (f)
Golden
CO
RV
(e)
80
—%
Golden Terrace West
Golden
CO
MH
39
7
311
311
100.0%
Pueblo Grande
Pueblo
CO
MH
33
252
252
62.3%
Woodland Hills
Thornton
CO
MH
55
434
434
100.0%
Total Colorado Market
445
7
3,446
3,366
98.9%

26




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Northeast:
Stonegate Manor
North Windham
CT
MH
114
372
372
95.2%
Waterford Estates
Bear
DE
MH
159
2
731
731
99.3%
McNicol
Lewes
DE
MH
25
93
93
100.0%
Whispering Pines
Lewes
DE
MH
67
2
393
393
98.0%
Mariners Cove
Millsboro
DE
MH
101
374
374
95.7%
Sweetbriar
Millsboro
DE
MH
38
146
146
93.8%
Aspen Meadows
Rehoboth Beach
DE
MH
46
200
200
100.0%
Camelot Meadows
Rehoboth Beach
DE
MH
61
301
301
100.0%
Gateway to Cape Cod
Rochester
MA
RV
80
25
194
60
100.0%
Hillcrest-MA
Rockland
MA
MH
19
79
79
94.9%
The Glen
Rockland
MA
MH
24
36
36
100.0%
Old Chatham Road RV
South Dennis
MA
RV
47
312
255
100.0%
Sturbridge
Sturbridge
MA
RV
223
125
155
76
100.0%
Fernwood
Capitol Heights
MD
MH
40
6
329
329
97.9%
Williams Estates and Peppermint Woods
Middle River
MD
MH
121
803
803
100.0%
Mount Desert Narrows
Bar Harbor
ME
RV
90
12
206
9
100.0%
Patten Pond
Ellsworth
ME
RV
43
60
137
12
100.0%
Pinehirst RV Resort
Old Orchard Beach
ME
RV
58
550
482
100.0%
Narrows Too
Trenton
ME
RV
42
8
207
8
100.0%
Moody Beach
Wells
ME
RV
48
10
203
94
100.0%
Sandy Beach RV Resort
Contoocook
NH
RV
40
190
99
100.0%
Pine Acres
Raymond
NH
RV
100
421
287
100.0%
Tuxbury Resort
South Hampton
NH
RV
193
100
305
216
100.0%
King Nummy (c)
Cape May Court House
NJ
RV
83
313
258
100.0%
Mays Landing
Mays Landing
NJ
RV
18
168
80
100.0%
Echo Farms
Ocean View
NJ
RV
31
237
206
100.0%
Lake & Shore
Ocean View
NJ
RV
162
401
269
100.0%
Chestnut Lake
Port Republic
NJ
RV
32
185
55
100.0%
Sea Pines
Swainton
NJ
RV
75
32
549
321
100.0%
Pine Ridge at Crestwood
Whiting
NJ
MH
188
1,035
1,035
86.1%
Rondout Valley Resort
Accord
NY
RV
184
94
398
100
100.0%
Alpine Lake RV Resort
Corinth
NY
RV
200
54
500
338
100.0%
Lake George Escape
Lake George
NY
RV
178
576
52
100.0%
The Woodlands
Lockport
NY
MH
225
76
1,192
1,192
91.4%
Greenwood Village
Manorville
NY
MH
79
14
512
512
97.7%
Brennan Beach
Pulaski
NY
RV
201
1,377
1,212
100.0%
Lake George Schroon Valley
Warrensburg
NY
RV
151
151
86
100.0%
Greenbriar Village
Bath
PA
MH
63
319
319
98.7%

27




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Sun Valley
Bowmansville
PA
RV
86
3
265
155
100.0%
Green Acres
Breinigsville
PA
MH
149
595
595
96.1%
Gettysburg Farm
Dover
PA
RV
124
62
265
85
100.0%
Timothy Lake North
East Stroudsburg
PA
RV
93
323
95
100.0%
Timothy Lake South
East Stroudsburg
PA
RV
65
327
146
100.0%
Circle M
Lancaster
PA
RV
103
13
380
85
100.0%
Hershey
Lebanon
PA
RV
196
20
297
60
100.0%
Robin Hill
Lenhartsville
PA
RV
44
4
270
131
100.0%
Dutch County
Manheim
PA
RV
102
60
269
80
100.0%
Spring Gulch
New Holland
PA
RV
114
27
420
144
100.0%
Lil Wolf
Orefield
PA
MH
56
269
269
96.7%
Scotrun
Scotrun
PA
RV
63
6
178
123
100.0%
Appalachian
Shartlesville
PA
RV
86
30
358
204
100.0%
Mountain View-PA
Walnutport
PA
MH
45
187
187
92.0%
Timber Creek (c)
Westerly
RI
RV
108
364
354
100.0%
Total Northeast Market
5,083
845
19,417
14,203
97.3%
Southeast:
Hidden Cove
Arley
AL
RV
99
60
79
56
100.0%
Diamond Caverns Resort & Golf Club
Park City
KY
RV
714
218
220
24
100.0%
Forest Lake
Advance
NC
RV
306
34
305
163
100.0%
Scenic
Asheville
NC
MH
28
2
203
203
95.6%
Waterway RV
Cedar Point
NC
RV
27
336
331
100.0%
Twin Lakes
Chocowinity
NC
RV
132
11
419
362
100.0%
Green Mountain Park
Lenoir
NC
RV
1,077
3
447
184
100.0%
Lake Gaston
Littleton
NC
RV
69
235
200
100.0%
Lake Myers RV
Mocksville
NC
RV
74
425
266
100.0%
Bogue Pines
Newport
NC
MH
50
150
150
76.0%
Goose Creek Resort
Newport
NC
RV
92
735
670
100.0%
Whispering Pines RV
Newport
NC
RV
34
278
191
100.0%
Carolina Landing
Fair Play
SC
RV
73
30
192
67
100.0%
Inlet Oaks
Murrells Inlet
SC
MH
35
172
172
100.0%
The Oaks at Point South
Yemassee
SC
RV
10
93
24
100.0%
Natchez Trace
Hohenwald
TN
RV
672
340
531
186
100.0%
Cherokee Landing
Saulsbury
TN
RV
254
124
339
6
100.0%
Meadows of Chantilly
Chantilly
VA
MH
82
499
499
100.0%
Harbor View
Colonial Beach
VA
RV
69
146
50
100.0%
Lynchburg
Gladys
VA
RV
170
59
222
61
100.0%
Chesapeake Bay
Gloucester
VA
RV
282
80
392
143
100.0%

28




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Virginia Landing
Quinby
VA
RV
863
233
1
100.0%
Grey's Point
Topping
VA
RV
125
16
791
497
100.0%
Bethpage
Urbanna
VA
RV
271
104
1,034
559
100.0%
Williamsburg
Williamsburg
VA
RV
65
10
211
92
100.0%
Regency Lakes
Winchester
VA
MH
165
523
523
99.4%
Total Southeast Market
5,838
1,091
9,210
5,680
99.2%
Midwest:
O'Connell's
Amboy
IL
RV
286
89
725
376
100.0%
Pheasant Lake Estates
Beecher
IL
MH
160
112
613
613
97.7%
Pine Country
Belvidere
IL
RV
131
10
216
146
100.0%
Willow Lake Estates
Elgin
IL
MH
111
616
616
89.4%
Golf Vista Estates
Monee
IL
MH
144
17
408
408
96.6%
Indian Lakes
Batesville
IN
RV
545
104
1,058
545
100.0%
Horseshoe Lakes
Clinton
IN
RV
289
66
123
97
100.0%
Twin Mills RV
Howe
IN
RV
137
24
501
237
100.0%
Hoosier Estates (g)
Lebanon
IN
MH
60
288
288
96.9%
Lakeside
New Carlisle
IN
RV
13
89
88
100.0%
Oak Tree Village (g)
Portage
IN
MH
76
361
361
68.4%
North Glen Village (g)
Westfield
IN
MH
88
282
282
85.1%
Lake in the Hills (g)
Auburn Hills
MI
MH
51
238
238
92.4%
Bear Cave Resort
Buchanan
MI
RV
25
10
136
35
100.0%
Saint Claire
Saint Claire
MI
RV
210
100
229
130
100.0%
Swan Creek (g)
Ypsilanti
MI
MH
59
294
294
95.9%
Cedar Knolls
Apple Valley
MN
MH
93
457
457
88.8%
Cimarron Park
Lake Elmo
MN
MH
230
46
505
505
86.1%
Rockford Riverview Estates
Rockford
MN
MH
88
428
428
89.5%
Rosemount Woods
Rosemount
MN
MH
50
182
182
98.9%
Buena Vista
Fargo
ND
MH
76
399
399
82.7%
Meadow Park
Fargo
ND
MH
17
116
116
82.8%
Kenisee Lake
Jefferson
OH
RV
143
50
119
85
100.0%
Wilmington
Wilmington
OH
RV
109
41
169
121
100.0%
Rainbow Lake Manor
Bristol
WI
MH
99
6
270
270
98.9%
Fremont
Fremont
WI
RV
98
5
325
132
100.0%
Yukon Trails
Lyndon Station
WI
RV
150
30
214
138
100.0%
Blackhawk
Milton
WI
RV
214
24
490
338
100.0%
Lakeland RV
Milton
WI
RV
107
5
682
427
100.0%
Westwood Estates
Pleasant Prairie
WI
MH
95
344
344
92.4%
Plymouth Rock
Plymouth
WI
RV
133
40
610
423
100.0%

29




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Tranquil Timbers
Sturgeon Bay
WI
RV
125
270
196
100.0%
Neshonoc Lakeside
West Salem
WI
RV
48
284
189
100.0%
Arrowhead
Wisconsin Dells
WI
RV
166
40
377
190
100.0%
Total Midwest Market
4,426
819
12,418
9,694
94.1%
Nevada, Utah and Idaho:
Coach Royale
Boise
ID
MH
12
91
91
79.1%
Maple Grove
Boise
ID
MH
38
271
271
80.8%
Shenandoah Estates
Boise
ID
MH
24
153
153
98.7%
West Meadow Estates
Boise
ID
MH
29
178
178
100.0%
Mountain View - NV
Henderson
NV
MH
72
354
354
99.7%
Bonanza
Las Vegas
NV
MH
43
353
353
55.5%
Boulder Cascade
Las Vegas
NV
MH
39
299
299
76.3%
Cabana
Las Vegas
NV
MH
37
263
263
95.1%
Flamingo West
Las Vegas
NV
MH
37
258
258
99.2%
Las Vegas
Las Vegas
NV
RV
11
217
23
100.0%
Villa Borega
Las Vegas
NV
MH
40
293
293
71.7%
Westwood Village
Farr West
UT
MH
46
314
314
100.0%
St. George (f)
Hurricane
UT
RV
26
1
123
—%
All Seasons
Salt Lake City
UT
MH
19
121
121
100.0%
Total Nevada, Utah and Idaho Market
473
1
3,288
2,971
86.5%
Northwest:
Cultus Lake (Canada) (d)
Lindell Beach
BC
RV
15
178
52
100.0%
Thousand Trails Bend
Bend
OR
RV
289
116
351
55
100.0%
Shadowbrook
Clackamas
OR
MH
21
156
156
99.4%
Pacific City
Cloverdale
OR
RV
105
50
307
21
100.0%
Falcon Wood Village
Eugene
OR
MH
23
183
183
100.0%
Portland Fairview
Fairview
OR
RV
30
407
244
100.0%
Quail Hollow (d)
Fairview
OR
MH
21
137
137
100.0%
South Jetty
Florence
OR
RV
57
5
204
8
100.0%
Seaside Resort
Seaside
OR
RV
80
251
28
100.0%
Whaler's Rest Resort
South Beach
OR
RV
39
170
17
100.0%
Mt. Hood
Welches
OR
RV
115
30
515
102
100.0%
Birch Bay
Blaine
WA
RV
31
246
25
100.0%
Mt. Vernon
Bow
WA
RV
311
251
30
100.0%
Chehalis
Chehalis
WA
RV
309
360
22
100.0%
Grandy Creek (f)
Concrete
WA
RV
63
179
—%
Tall Chief (f)
Fall City
WA
RV
71
180
—%

30




Property
City
State
MH/RV
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/18
Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/18
Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/18
Kloshe Illahee
Federal Way
WA
MH
50
258
258
100.0%
La Conner (d)
La Conner
WA
RV
106
319
44
100.0%
Leavenworth
Leavenworth
WA
RV
255
30
266
19
100.0%
Thunderbird Resort
Monroe
WA
RV
45
2
136
21
100.0%
Little Diamond
Newport
WA
RV
360
30
520
2
100.0%
Oceana Resort
Ocean City
WA
RV
16
84
10
100.0%
Crescent Bar Resort
Quincy
WA
RV
14
115
18
100.0%
Long Beach
Seaview
WA
RV
17
144
16
100.0%
Paradise Resort
Silver Creek
WA
RV
60
214
6
100.0%
Total Northwest Market
2,503
263
6,131
1,474
99.9%
Texas:
Alamo Palms
Alamo
TX
RV
58
643
321
100.0%
Bay Landing
Bridgeport
TX
RV
443
235
293
68
100.0%
Colorado River
Columbus
TX
RV
218
51
132
24
100.0%
Victoria Palms
Donna
TX
RV
117
1,122
484
100.0%
Lake Texoma (d)
Gordonville
TX
RV
201
133
301
82
100.0%
Lakewood
Harlingen
TX
RV
30
301
117
100.0%
Paradise Park RV
Harlingen
TX
RV
60
563
289
100.0%
Sunshine RV
Harlingen
TX
RV
84
1,027
370
100.0%
Tropic Winds
Harlingen
TX
RV
112
65
531
193
100.0%
Medina Lake
Lakehills
TX
RV
208
50
387
66
100.0%
Paradise South
Mercedes
TX
RV
49
493
196
100.0%
Lake Tawakoni (d)
Point
TX
RV
324
11
293
111
100.0%
Fun n Sun RV Park
San Benito
TX
RV
135
40
1,435
629
100.0%
Country Sunshine
Weslaco
TX
RV
37
390
154
100.0%
Southern Comfort
Weslaco
TX
RV
40
403
315
100.0%
Lake Whitney
Whitney
TX
RV
403
158
261
35
100.0%
Lake Conroe
Willis
TX
RV
129
30
481
237
100.0%
Total Texas Market
2,648
773
9,056
3,691
100.0%
Grand Total All Markets
39,334
5,234
149,506
107,698
96.4%
_____________________
(a)
Acres are approximate. Acreage for some Properties were estimated based upon 10 Sites per acre.
(b)
Acres are approximate. There can be no assurance that developable acres will be developed. Development is contingent on many factors including, but not limited to, cost, ability to subdivide, accessibility, infrastructure needs, zoning, entitlement and topography.
(c)
Property acquired in 2018.
(d)
Land is leased by us under a non-cancelable operating lease (see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(e)
Acres for this RV park are included in the acres for the adjacent manufactured home community listed directly above this Property.
(f)
Property does not contain annual Sites.
(g)
Property was classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2018.

31



Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The description of legal proceedings is incorporated herein by reference from Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 18. Commitment and Contingencies in this Form 10-K.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.


32



PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol ELS. As of December 31, 2018, there were 280 holders of record of our common stock.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period
Total Number of Shares
Purchased (a)
Average Price  Paid per Share (a)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans  or Programs
Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
10/1/18-10/31/18

$

None
None
11/1/18-11/30/18

$

None
None
12/1/18-12/31/18
31,294

$
96.23

None
None
____________________
(a)
All shares were repurchased at the open market price and represent common stock surrendered to us to satisfy income tax withholding obligations due to primarily the vesting of Restricted Share Grants. Certain of our executive officers and directors may from time to time adopt non-discretionary, written trading plans that comply with Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b5-1, or otherwise monetize their equity-based compensation. Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b5-1 provides executives with a method to monetize their equity-based compensation in an automatic and non-discretionary manner over time.
Dividends and Distributions
We distribute regular quarterly dividends to our stockholders. In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required, among other things, to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and any net capital gain. In addition, we intend to distribute all or substantially all of our net income so that we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our earnings.
In general, our Board of Directors makes decisions regarding the nature, frequency and amount of our dividends on a quarterly basis. Because the Board considers many factors when making these decisions, including our present and future liquidity needs, our current and projected financial condition and results of operations, there can be no assurance that we will maintain the practice of paying regular quarterly dividends to continue to qualify as a REIT. Please see Item 1A. Risk Factors on this Form 10-K for a description of factors that may affect our ability to distribute dividends.
















33



Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following table sets forth selected financial and operating information on a historical basis. The historical operating data has been derived from our historical financial statements. The following information should be read in conjunction with all of the financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Years Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands, except for per share and property data)
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
Income Statement Data:
Total Revenues
$
986,653

$
925,312

$
870,435

$
821,654

$
776,809

Total Expenses
(765,206
)
(718,700
)
(685,908
)
(675,231
)
(644,376
)
Equity in income from unconsolidated joint ventures
4,939

3,765

2,605

4,089

4,578

Gain on sale of property, net




1,457

Consolidated net income
$
226,386

$
210,377

$
187,132

$
150,512

$
138,468

Net income available for Common Stockholders
$
212,596

$
189,904

$
164,037

$
130,145

$
118,731

Comprehensive income attributable to Common Stockholders
$
213,866

$
191,048

$
164,339

$
129,988

$
119,234

Earnings per Common Share - Basic
$
2.39

$
2.18

$
1.93

$
1.55

$
1.42

Earnings per Common Share - Fully Diluted
$
2.38

$
2.17

$
1.92

$
1.54

$
1.41

Distributions declared per Common Share outstanding
$
2.20

$
1.95

$
1.70

$
1.50

$
1.30

Weighted average Common Shares outstanding - basic
88,964

86,997

84,778

84,031

83,362

Weighted average Common Shares outstanding - fully diluted
95,055

93,425

92,569

91,907

91,511

Balance Sheet Data:
Real estate, before accumulated depreciation
$
5,273,477

$
4,915,813

$
4,685,336

$
4,477,599

$
4,387,913

Total assets (1)
$
3,925,808

$
3,610,032

$
3,478,987

$
3,400,400

$
3,429,225

Total debt (1)
$
2,348,352

$
2,200,017

$
2,091,279

$
2,126,052

$
2,195,133

Series C Preferred Stock (2)
$

$

$
136,144

$
136,144

$
136,144

Total Common Equity (3)
$
1,121,552

$
1,031,954

$
872,399

$
788,924

$
775,849

Other Data:
Funds from operations (4)
$
371,962

$
331,665

$
302,827

$
261,009

$
246,588

Normalized funds from operations (4)
$
367,908

$
335,931

$
306,459

$
279,052

$
253,257

Total Properties (at end of period)
414

406

391

387

384

Total Sites (at end of period)
155,447

151,323

146,610

143,938

143,113

________________________________
1.
Effective January 1, 2016 we adopted Accounting Standard Update 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs and Accounting Standard Update 2015-15, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements. As a result, we reclassified deferred financing costs to mortgage notes payable in the amount of $18.9 million and $16.1 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In addition, we reclassified deferred financing costs to term loan in the amount of $0.8 million and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Also, we reclassified deferred financing costs related to our unsecured line of credit to Other assets, net in the amount of $3.7 million and $4.7 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
2.
In 2012, we issued 54,458 shares of Series C Preferred Stock, which were represented by Depositary Shares. In 2017, we redeemed our Series C Preferred Stock for $138.4 million, including accrued dividends. The shares of Series C Preferred Stock that were redeemed now have the status of authorized but unissued preferred stock, without designation as to class or series.
3.
In 2018, we sold 861,141 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, under our ATM equity offering program at a weighted average per share sales price of approximately $91.45 for gross cash proceeds of approximately $78.8 million before expenses of approximately $1.0 million . In 2017, we sold 1,380,017 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, under our ATM equity offering program at a weighted average per share sales price of approximately $87.46 for gross cash proceeds of approximately $120.7 million before expenses of approximately $1.5 million . In 2016, we sold 683,548 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, under our ATM equity offering program at a weighted average per share sales price of approximately $73.15 for gross cash proceeds of approximately $50.0 million before expenses of approximately $0.7 million . As of December 31, 2018 , $200.0 million of common stock remained available for issuance under our ATM equity offering program.
4.
Refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in this Form 10-K for information regarding why we present funds from operations and normalized funds from operations and for a reconciliation of these Non-GAAP financial measures to net income available for Common Stockholders.




34



Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2018 Accomplishments
We continued our strong performance in 2018 , marked by key operational and financial accomplishments:

Occupancy of MH Sites within our Core Portfolio (as defined below) increased by 379 Sites to 95.1% as of December 31, 2018 compared to 94.7% as of December 31, 2017 .
Manufactured homeowners within our Core Portfolio increased by 555 to 63,231 as of December 31, 2018 compared to 62,676 as of December 31, 2017 .
MH and RV revenue within our Core Portfolio increased by 4.6% and 6.8% , respectively, as compared to 2017 .
Core Portfolio generated 4.6% growth in income from property operations for the full year.
2018 Normalized Funds from Operations ("Normalized FFO") per share on a fully diluted basis was $3.87 , 7.5% higher than in 2017 .
Acquired eight MH and RV communities for $251.7 million and invested an additional $49.0 million to fund development activity, including the acquisition of vacant land parcels adjacent to our Properties.
Raised our annual dividend to $2.20 per share in 2018 , an increase of 12.8% compared to $1.95 per share in 2017 .
Sold 861,141 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of $78.8 million through our ATM equity offering program at a weighted average share price of $91.45 .
Closed on approximately $357.8 million of financing proceeds related to two secured credit facilities and paid debt maturing in 2018 and 2019 of approximately $196.8 million . After closing on these loans, our current secured debt balance has a weighted average maturity of 13.8 years and approximately 33.9% of our outstanding debt is fully amortizing.
Overview and Outlook
We are a self-administered and self-managed REIT with headquarters in Chicago, Illinois. We are a fully integrated owner and operator of Properties consisting primarily of MH and RV communities. As of December 31, 2018 , we owned or had an ownership interest in a portfolio of 414 Properties located throughout the United States and Canada containing 155,447 Sites. These Properties are located in 33 states and British Columbia, with more than 90 Properties with lake, river or ocean frontage and more than 120 Properties within 10 miles of the coastal United States.
We invest in Properties in sought-after locations near retirement and vacation destinations and urban areas across the United States with a focus on increasing operating cash flows. We seek growth in earnings, funds from operations ("FFO") and cash flows by enhancing the profitability and operation of our Properties and investments. We seek to accomplish this by attracting and retaining high quality customers to our Properties, who take pride in our Properties and in their homes, and efficiently managing our Properties by increasing occupancy, maintaining competitive market rents and controlling expenses.
We believe that demand from baby boomers for manufactured housing and RV communities will continue to outpace supply for several years. The entitlement process to develop new MH and RV communities is extremely restrictive. As a result, there have been few, if any, new communities developed in our target geographic markets. It is estimated that approximately 10,000 baby boomers will turn 65 daily through 2030. Additionally, the population of people age 55 and older is expected to grow 19% from 2019 to 2034 . We believe these individuals, seeking an active lifestyle, will continue to drive the market for second-home sales as vacation properties, investment opportunities, or retirement retreats. We believe it is likely that over the next decade, we will continue to see high levels of second-home sales and that manufactured homes and cottages in our Properties will continue to provide a viable second-home alternative to site-built homes.
We also believe that our Properties and our business model provide an opportunity for increased cash flows and appreciation in value. These may be achieved through increasing occupancy and maintaining market rents, as well as expense controls, expansion of existing Properties and opportunistic acquisitions. We actively seek to acquire and are currently engaged in various stages of negotiations relating to the possible acquisition of additional properties, which may include contracts outstanding to acquire such properties that are subject to the satisfactory completion of our due diligence review.
We generate the majority of our revenues from customers renting our Sites, or entering into right-to-use contracts (also referred to as membership products), which provide our customers access to specific Properties for limited stays. Our MH community Sites and annual RV community Sites are leased on an annual basis. Seasonal Sites are leased to customers generally for one to six months. Transient Sites are leased to customers on a short-term basis. The revenue from seasonal and transient Sites is generally higher during the first and third quarters. We consider the transient revenue stream to be our most volatile as it is subject to weather conditions and other factors affecting the marginal RV customer's vacation and travel preferences. We also have

35

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

interests in joint venture Properties for which revenue is classified as Equity in income from unconsolidated joint ventures on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
Approximately one quarter of our rental agreements on MH community Sites contain rent increase provisions that are directly or indirectly connected to published CPI statistics that are issued from June through September of the year prior to the increase effective date. Approximately two-thirds of those rental agreements are subject to a CPI floor of approximately 3.0% to 5.0%.
State and local rent control regulations affect 23 wholly owned Properties, including 15 of our 48 California Properties, all seven of our Delaware Properties and one of our five Massachusetts Properties. These rent control regulations dictate rent increases and generally permit us to increase rates by a percentage of the increase in the CPI, which may be national, regional or local, depending on the rent control ordinance. The mandate on rent increases may range from 60.0% to 100.0% of CPI with certain limits depending on the jurisdiction.
The following table shows the breakdown of our Sites by type (amounts are approximate):
Total Sites as of
December 31, 2018
MH Community Sites
73,300

RV Community Sites:
Annual
29,100

Seasonal
11,300

Transient
11,500

Right-to-use (1)
24,300

Joint Ventures (2)
5,900

155,400

_____________________
(1)
Includes approximately 5,900 Sites rented on an annual basis.
(2)
Includes approximately: 2,700 annual Sites, 400 seasonal Sites, 500 transient Sites and includes approximately 2,300 marina slips.

Sites designated as right-to-use Sites are primarily utilized to service the approximately 111,100 membership customers, including 20,200 RV dealer free trial memberships. The remaining 90,900 have entered into a Thousand Trails Camping Pass (“TTC”), which can be purchased for one to five geographic areas of the United States and require an annual payment of $565. In addition, membership customers are eligible to upgrade their right-to-use contracts from time-to-time. An upgrade contract is distinguishable from a new right-to-use contract that a customer would enter by, depending on the type of upgrade, offering (1) increased length of consecutive stay by 50% (i.e., up to 21 days); (2) ability to make earlier advance reservations; (3) discounts on rental units; (4) access to additional Properties, which may include use of Sites at non-membership RV communities and (5) membership in discount travel programs. Each upgrade contract requires a non-refundable upfront payment. We offer financing for the non-refundable upfront payment to eligible customers. As a customer acquisition tool, we have relationships with a network of RV dealers to provide them with a free one-year TTC membership to give to their customers in connection with the purchase of a RV.

In our Home Sales and Rental Operations business, our revenue streams include home sales, home rentals, brokerage services and ancillary activities. We generate revenue through home sales and rental operations by selling or leasing Site set homes that are located in Properties owned and managed by us. We continue to focus on our rental operations, as we believe renting our vacant new homes represents an attractive source of occupancy and the opportunity to convert the renter to a homebuyer in the future. We also sell and rent homes through our joint venture, ECHO Financing, LLC (the "ECHO JV"). We offer home sale brokerage services to residents of our Properties who move from a Property but do not relocate their home. In addition, we operate ancillary activities at certain Properties, such as golf courses, pro shops, stores and restaurants.
In the manufactured housing industry, options for home financing, also known as chattel financing, are limited. Chattel financing available today includes community owner-funded programs or third party lender programs that provide subsidized financing to customers and often require the community owner to guarantee customer defaults. Third party lender programs have stringent underwriting criteria, sizable down payment requirements, short loan amortization and high interest rates. We have a limited program under which we purchase loans made by an unaffiliated lender to purchasers of homes at our Properties.
In 2017, the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") published Fannie Mae's and Freddie Mac's Underserved Markets Plans for 2018-2020 (the "Plans") under the duty-to-serve provisions mandated by the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. The FHFA mandate requires

36

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to serve three specific underserved markets, one of which is the manufactured housing sector. The Plans outline four duty-to-serve focus areas related to manufactured housing, including home purchase financing for customers placing manufactured homes in land lease communities. While this may have positive impact on our customers' ability to obtain chattel financing, specific details necessary to evaluate possible impact on us as well as the industry are not yet available.
In addition to net income computed in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP"), we assess and measure our overall financial and operating performance using certain Non-GAAP supplemental measures, which include: (i) Funds from Operations ("FFO"), (ii) Normalized Funds from Operations ("Normalized FFO"), (iii) Income from property operations, (iv) Income from property operations, excluding deferrals and property management, (v) Core Portfolio income from property operations, excluding deferrals and property management, (operating results for Properties owned and operated in both periods under comparison) and (vi) Income from rental operations, net of depreciation. We use these measures internally to evaluate the operating performance of our portfolio and provide a basis for comparison with other real estate companies. Definitions and reconciliations of these measures to the most comparable GAAP measures are included below in this discussion.
Results Overview
For the year ended December 31, 2018 , Net income available for Common Stockholders increased $22.7 million , or $0.21 per fully diluted Common Share, to $212.6 million , or $2.38 per fully diluted Common Share, compared to $189.9 million , or $2.17 per fully diluted Common Share, for the same period in 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2018 , FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unit holders increased $40.3 million , or $0.36 per fully diluted Common Share, to $372.0 million , or $3.91 per fully diluted Common Share, compared to $331.7 million , or $3.55 per fully diluted Common Share, for the same period in 2017 . For the year ended December 31, 2018 , Normalized FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unit holders increased $32.0 million , or $0.27 per fully diluted Common Share, to $367.9 million , or $3.87 per fully diluted Common Share, compared to $335.9 million , or $3.60 per fully diluted Common Share, for the same period in 2017 .
Our Core Portfolio may change from time-to-time depending on acquisitions, dispositions and significant transactions or unique situations. Our Core Portfolio in 2018 and 2017 includes all Properties acquired prior to December 31, 2016 that we have owned and operated continuously since January 1, 2017 . During 2017, operations at our two Florida Keys RV Properties - Fiesta Key and Sunshine Key - were interrupted and have been designated as Non-Core Properties. As a result, these two Florida Keys RV Properties were presented as Non-Core Properties for all comparable years 2018, 2017 and 2016.
For the year ended December 31, 2018 , property operating revenues in our Core Portfolio, excluding deferrals, increased 4.8% and property operating expenses in our Core Portfolio, excluding deferrals and property management, increased 4.3% , from the year ended December 31, 2017 , resulting in an increase in our income from property operations excluding deferrals and property management of 5.2% from the year ended December 31, 2017 .
We continue to focus on the quality of occupancy growth by increasing the number of manufactured homeowners in our Core Portfolio. Our Core Portfolio occupancy consists of occupied home Sites in our MH communities (both homeowners and renters) and was 95.1% as of December 31, 2018 , compared to 94.7% as of December 31, 2017 . As of December 31, 2018 , our Core Portfolio occupancy increased by 379 sites with an increase in homeowner occupancy of 555 sites compared to December 31, 2017 .
We continue to build on our successful multi-channel marketing campaigns, incorporating social media and advanced marketing analytics. In 2018, we increased our social media fan base to approximately 550,000. Our marketing campaigns encourage our customers to book online, eliminating point-of-sale barriers for our customers through self-service. Our online reservation and sales activity continue to grow and we have seen an 18% increase in RV revenue through digital channels and a 45% increase in memberships sold online as compared to 2017.
We continue to experience growth in RV revenues in our Core Portfolio as a result of our ability to increase rental rates and occupancy. RV revenues in our Core Portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2018 were 6.8% higher than for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Annual, seasonal and transient revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased 6.6% , 7.8% and 6.6% , respectively, from the year ended December 31, 2017 .
For the year ended December 31, 2018 , we sold approximately 17,194 TTCs and activated approximately 20,334 RV dealer TTCs.




37

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

The table below provides additional details regarding our TTCs for the past five years:
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
TTC Origination
37,528

31,618

29,576

25,544

18,187

TTC Sales
17,194

14,128

12,856

11,877

10,014

RV Dealer TTC Activations
20,334

17,490

16,720

13,667

8,173

We see high demand for our homes and communities. We closed 556 new home sales during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 597 new home sales during the year ended December 31, 2017 . The new home sales during the year ended December 31, 2018 were primarily in our Arizona, Florida, Colorado and California communities.
As of December 31, 2018 , we had 4,241 occupied rental homes in our MH communities. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , home rental program net operating income was $30.3 million and $31.9 million , respectively, net of rental asset depreciation expense of $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Approximately $32.6 million and $34.6 million of home rental operations revenue was included in Community base rental income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
Our gross investment in real estate has increased $357.7 million to $5,273.5 million as of December 31, 2018 from $4,915.8 million as of December 31, 2017 , primarily due to new acquisitions as well as capital expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2018 .
Property Acquisitions and Joint Ventures
The following chart lists the Properties or portfolios acquired or invested in during the period January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2018 and Sites added through expansion opportunities at our existing Properties.
Location
Type of Property
Transaction Date
Sites
Total Sites as of January 1, 2017
146,610

Acquisitions Properties:
Paradise Park-Largo
Largo, Florida
MH
May 10, 2017
108

Bethpage Camp Resort
Urbanna, Virginia
RV
November 15, 2017
1,034

Grey's Point Camp
Topping, Virginia
RV
November 15, 2017
728

Kingswood
Riverview, Florida
MH
March 8, 2018
229

Serendipity
Clearwater, Florida
MH
March 15, 2018
425

Holiday Travel Park
Holiday, Florida
RV
April 20, 2018
613

Everglades Lakes
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
MH
July 20, 2018
612

Sunseekers RV Resort
North Fort Myers, Florida
RV
September 21, 2018
241

Timber Creek RV Resort
Westerly, Rhode Island
RV
November 20, 2018
364

Palm Lake
Riviera Beach, Florida
MH
December 13, 2018
915

King Nummy Trail Campground
Cape May Court House, New Jersey
RV
December 20, 2018
313

Joint Venture:
Crosswinds
June 15, 2017
376

Loggerhead (a)
August 8, 2017
2,343

Expansion Site Development and other:
Sites added (reconfigured) in 2017
124

Sites added (reconfigured) in 2018
412

Total Sites as of December 31, 2018
155,447

_____________________
(a)
Loggerhead sites represent marina slip count.


38

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Markets
The following table identifies our largest markets by number of Sites and provides information regarding our Properties (excluding 17 Properties owned through our seven Joint Ventures).
Major Market
Total Sites
Number of
Properties
Percent of
Total Sites
Percent of Total
Property Operating
Revenues (1)
Florida
57,022

130

38.1
%
42.2
%
Northeast
19,417

53

13.0
%
11.0
%
Arizona
15,837

40

10.6
%
9.5
%
California
13,681

48

9.2
%
13.9
%
Midwest
12,418

34

8.3
%
6.6
%
Texas
9,056

17

6.0
%
2.8
%
Southeast
9,210

26

6.2
%
4.6
%
Northwest
6,131

25

4.1
%
3.5
%
Colorado
3,446

10

2.3
%
3.4
%
Other
3,288

14

2.2
%
2.5
%
Total
149,506

397

100.0
%
100.0
%
_____________________
(1)
Property operating revenues for this calculation excludes approximately $6.3 million of property operating revenues not allocated to Properties, which consists primarily of upfront payments from right-to-use contracts.
Qualification as a REIT
We believe that we have qualified for taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes since our taxable year ended December 31, 1993. We plan to continue to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT. Many of these requirements, however, are highly technical and complex and concern the ownership of our outstanding stock, the nature of our assets, the sources of our income and the amount of our distributions to our stockholders. The fact that we hold our assets through our Operating Partnership and our Subsidiaries further complicates the application of the REIT requirements.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT and are unable to correct such failure we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Also, unless the IRS granted us relief under certain statutory provisions, we would remain disqualified as a REIT for four years following the year we first failed to qualify. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we are subject to certain foreign, state and local taxes on our income and property and U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.
Recent U.S. Federal Income Tax Legislation
On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Relevant changes include, but are not limited to the following:
a decrease in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017;
an immediate 100% deduction of the cost of certain capital asset investments (generally excluding real estate assets), subject to a gradual decrease of the deduction percentage over time;
a change in recovery periods for certain real property and building improvements (for example, to 15 years for qualified improvement property under the modified accelerated cost recovery system, and to 30 years (previously 40 years) for residential real property and 20 years (previously 40 years) for qualified improvement property under the alternative depreciation system);
restrictions to the deductibility of interest expense by businesses (generally, to 30% of the business’ adjusted taxable income) except, among others, real property businesses electing out of such restriction;
the use of the less favorable alternative depreciation system to depreciate real property in the event a real property business elects to avoid the interest deduction restriction above;
a limitation on net operating losses generated in 2018 or later to offset more than 80% of a taxpayer's taxable income (prior to the application of the dividends paid deduction);
elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax;
restriction limiting the benefits of like-kind exchanges that defer capital gains for tax purposes to exchanges of real property;
a reduction to the highest marginal income tax rate for individuals to 37% from 39.6% (excluding, in each case, the 3.8% Medicare tax on net investment income);

39

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

a deduction for individuals equal to 20% of certain income from pass-through entities, including ordinary dividends distributed by a REIT (excluding capital gain dividends and qualified dividend income), generally resulting in a maximum effective federal income tax rate applicable to such dividends of 29.6% compared to 37% (excluding, in each case, the 3.8% Medicare tax on net investment income); and
a limitation on certain deductions for individuals, including deductions for state and local income taxes, and eliminates deductions for miscellaneous itemized deductions (including certain investment expenses).
Many of the provisions in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, in particular those affecting individual taxpayers, expire at the end of 2025.
While the changes in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act generally appear to be favorable with respect to REITs, the extensive changes to non-REIT provisions in the Code may have unanticipated effects on us or our stockholders. Many of these changes were effective immediately without any transition periods or grandfathering for existing transactions. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act lacks clarification with regard to many aspects and is likely subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the U.S. Treasury Department and Internal Revenue Service, any of which could lessen or increase the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. In addition, it remains unclear how these U.S. federal income tax changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities.
As a result of the changes to U.S. federal tax laws implemented by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, our taxable income and the amount of distributions to our stockholders required in order to maintain our REIT status, and our relative tax advantage as a REIT, may change. The long-term impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on the overall economy, government revenues, our tenants, us, and the real estate industry cannot be reliably predicted at this stage of the law’s implementation. Based on our initial review and guidance, we do not anticipate a significant impact to our consolidated financial statements. However, there can be no assurance that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will not negatively impact our operating results, financial condition and future business operations.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations include certain Non-GAAP financial measures that in management's view of the business are meaningful as they allow investors the ability to understand key operating details of our business both with and without regard to certain accounting conventions or items that may not always be indicative of recurring annual cash flow of the portfolio. These Non-GAAP financial measures as determined and presented by us may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies, and include Income from property operations and Core Portfolio, FFO, Normalized FFO and Income from rental operation, net of depreciation.
We believe investors should review Income from property operations and Core Portfolio, FFO, Normalized FFO and Income from rental operations, net of depreciation, along with GAAP net income and cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities, when evaluating an equity REIT's operating performance. A discussion of Income from property operations and Core Portfolio, FFO, Normalized FFO and Income from rental operations, net of depreciation and a reconciliation to net income are included below.
Income from Property Operations and Core Portfolio
We use Income from property operations and Income from property operations, excluding deferrals and property management and Core Portfolio income from property operations, excluding deferrals and property management, as alternative measures to evaluate the operating results of our MH and RV communities. Income from property operations represents rental income, utility income and right-to-use income less property operating and maintenance expenses, real estate tax, sales and marketing expenses and property management expenses. Income from property operations, excluding deferrals and property management represents income from property operations excluding property management expenses and the impact of the GAAP deferral of right-to-use contract upfront payments and related commissions, net.
Our Core Portfolio consists of our Properties owned and operated since January 1, 2017 . Core Portfolio income from property operations, excluding deferrals and property management is useful to investors for annual comparison as it removes the fluctuations associated with acquisitions, dispositions and significant transactions or unique situations. Our Non-Core Portfolio (or Acquisitions) includes all Properties that were not owned and operated during 2017 and 2018 , including Fiesta Key and Sunshine Key RV communities.



40

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Funds from Operations ("FFO") and Normalized Funds from Operations (" Normalized FFO ")
We define FFO as net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains and actual or estimated losses from sales of properties, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization, impairments, if any, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition differently than we do. We receive up-front non-refundable payments from the entry of right-to-use contracts. In accordance with GAAP, the non-refundable upfront payments and related commissions are deferred and amortized over the estimated customer life. Although the NAREIT definition of FFO does not address the treatment of non-refundable right-to-use payments, we believe that it is appropriate to adjust for the impact of the deferral activity in our calculation of FFO.
We define Normalized FFO as FFO excluding the following non-operating income and expense items: a) gains and losses from early debt extinguishment, including prepayment penalties and defeasance costs; b) property acquisition and other transaction costs related to business combinations; and c) other miscellaneous non-comparable items. Normalized FFO presented herein is not necessarily comparable to Normalized FFO presented by other real estate companies due to the fact that not all real estate companies use the same methodology for computing this amount.
We believe that FFO and Normalized FFO are helpful to investors as supplemental measures of the performance of an equity REIT. We believe that by excluding the effect of depreciation, amortization, impairments, if any, and actual or estimated gains or losses from sales of real estate, all of which are based on historical costs and which may be of limited relevance in evaluating current performance, FFO can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and among other equity REITs. We further believe that Normalized FFO provides useful information to investors, analysts and our management because it allows them to compare our operating performance to the operating performance of other real estate companies and between periods on a consistent basis without having to account for differences not related to our operations. For example, we believe that excluding the early extinguishment of debt, property acquisition and other transaction costs related to mergers and acquisitions from Normalized FFO allows investors, analysts and our management to assess the sustainability of operating performance in future periods because these costs do not affect the future operations of the properties. In some cases, we provide information about identified non-cash components of FFO and Normalized FFO because it allows investors, analysts and our management to assess the impact of those items.
Income from Rental Operations, Net of Depreciation
We use Income from rental operations, net of depreciation as an alternative measure to evaluate the operating results of our home rental program. Income from rental operations, net of depreciation, represents income from rental operations less depreciation expense on rental homes. We believe this measure is meaningful for investors as it provides a complete picture of the home rental program operating results including the impact of depreciation which affects our home rental program investment decisions.
Our definitions and calculations of these Non-GAAP financial and operating measures and other terms may differ from the definitions and methodologies used by other REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable. These Non-GAAP financial and operating measures do not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, nor do they represent cash available to pay distributions and should not be considered as an alternative to net income, determined in accordance with GAAP, as an indication of our financial performance, or to cash flow from operating activities, determined in accordance with GAAP, as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.






41

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

The following table reconciles Net income available for Common Stockholders to Income from property operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
Total Portfolio
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
2016
Computation of Income from Property Operations:
Net income available for Common Stockholders
$
212,596

$
189,904

$
164,037

Redeemable perpetual stock dividends and original issuance costs
16

7,685

9,226

Income allocated to non-controlling interests - Common OP Units
13,774

12,788

13,869

Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures
(4,939
)
(3,765
)
(2,605
)
Income before equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures
221,447


206,612


184,527

Total (other income) / expenses, net
264,073

246,551

244,638

Loss from home sales operations and other
1,922

599

846

Income from property operations
$
487,442


$
453,762


$
430,011

The following table presents a calculation of FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unit holders and Normalized FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unit holders for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
2016
Computation of FFO and Normalized FFO:
Net income available for Common Stockholders
$
212,596

$
189,904

$
164,037

Income allocated to common OP Units
13,774

12,788

13,869

Right-to-use contract upfront payments, deferred, net (1)
7,380

4,108

3,079

Right-to-use contract commissions, deferred, net
(813
)
(354
)
(223
)
Depreciation on real estate assets
120,212

111,014

106,736

Depreciation on rental homes
9,810

10,441

10,664

Amortization of in-place leases
7,187

2,231

3,373

Depreciation on unconsolidated joint ventures
1,816

1,533

1,292

FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unit holders
371,962

331,665

302,827

Insurance proceeds due to catastrophic weather event and other, net (2)
(5,125
)
757


Early debt retirement
1,071

2,785


Litigation settlement, net


2,415

Transaction costs (3)

724

1,217

Normalized FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unit holders
$
367,908

$
335,931

$
306,459

Weighted average common shares outstanding—Fully Diluted
95,055

93,425

92,569

(1) The Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all related amendments, effective January 1, 2018. As of adoption, right-to-use non-refundable upfront payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over 20 years to reflect our current estimated customer life for the majority of our upgrade contracts. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASU 2014-09, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported under the previous accounting standards.
(2) Included $6.7 million of insurance recovery revenue from reimbursement of capital expenditures related to Hurricane Irma and $1.6 million related to the settlement of a previously disclosed civil investigation by certain California district attorneys for the year ended December 31, 2018 .
(3) The Company adopted ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations, effective January 1, 2018. Upon adoption, transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized. All acquisitions completed subsequent to January 1, 2018 were determined by the Company to be asset acquisitions and, as such, the related transaction costs were capitalized. Transaction costs related to 2017 acquisitions, occurring prior to the adoption of this guidance, were included in General and administrative on the Consolidated Income Statement.

42

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Results of Operations
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2018 to Year Ended December 31, 2017
Income from Property Operations
The following table summarizes certain financial and statistical data for our Core Portfolio and total portfolio. Core Portfolio growth percentages exclude the impact of U.S. GAAP deferrals of upfront payments from right-to-use contracts and related commissions.
Core Portfolio
Total Portfolio
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
Variance
%
Change
2018
2017
Variance
%
Change
Community base rental income
$
511,410

$
489,092

$
22,318

4.6
%
$
518,252

$
489,613

$
28,639

5.8
%
Rental home income
14,329

14,344

(15
)
(0.1
)%
14,329

14,344

(15
)
(0.1
)%
Resort base rental income
225,446

211,087

14,359

6.8
%
239,906

218,806

21,100

9.6
%
Right-to-use annual payments
47,766

45,782

1,984

4.3
%
47,778

45,798

1,980

4.3
%
Right-to-use contracts current period, gross
15,191

14,132

1,059

7.5
%
15,191

14,132

1,059

7.5
%
Utility and other income
93,744

91,923

1,821

1.9
%
100,562

93,252

7,310

7.8
%
Property operating revenues, excluding deferrals
907,886

866,360

41,526

4.8
%
936,018

875,945

60,073

6.9
%
Property operating and maintenance
302,179

288,120

14,059

4.9
%
313,003

294,119

18,884

6.4
%
Rental home operating and maintenance
6,837

6,611

226

3.4
%
6,836

6,610

226

3.4
%
Real estate taxes
54,808

54,728

80

0.1
%
55,892

55,010

882

1.6
%
Sales and marketing, gross
12,535

11,437

1,098

9.6
%
12,542

11,438

1,104

9.7
%
Property operating expenses, excluding deferrals and property management
376,359

360,896

15,463

4.3
%
388,273

367,177

21,096

5.7
%
Income from property operations, excluding deferrals and property management (1)
531,527

505,464

26,063

5.2
%
547,745

508,768

38,977

7.7
%
Property management
53,734

51,250

2,484

4.8
%
53,736

51,252

2,484

4.8
%
Income from property operations, excluding deferrals (1)
477,793

454,214

23,579

5.2
%
494,009

457,516

36,493

8.0
%
Right-to-use contracts, deferred and sales and marketing, deferred, net
6,567

3,754

2,813

74.9
%
6,567

3,754

2,813

74.9
%
Income from property operations (1)
$
471,226

$
450,460

$
20,766

4.6
%
$
487,442

$
453,762

$
33,680

7.4
%
__________________________
(1)
See Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of the Management Discussion and Analysis for definitions and reconciliations of these Non-GAAP measures to Net Income available to Common Shareholders.
Total portfolio income from property operations for 2018 increased $33.7 million , or 7.4% , from 2017, driven by an increase of $20.8 million , or 4.6% , from our Core Portfolio and an increase of $ 12.9 million from our Non-Core Portfolio. The increase in Core Portfolio Income from property operations was primarily due to an increase in Community base rental and Resort base rental income. The increase in Non-Core Portfolio Income from property operations was mainly due to contribution from Bethpage Camp Resort and Grey's Point Camp acquired in 2017 and Everglade Lakes acquired in 2018, as well as $4.9 million of insurance proceeds received during 2018 related to Hurricane Irma, which we have identified as business interruption recovery at our RV Properties in the Florida Keys.
Property Operating Revenues
Community base rental income in our Core Portfolio for 2018 increased $22.3 million , or 4.6% , from 2017, which reflects 4.0% growth from rate increases and 0.6% growth from occupancy gains. The average monthly base rental income per Site in our Core portfolio increased to approximately $634 in 2018 from approximately $610 in 2017. The average occupancy in our Core Portfolio increased to 94.7% in 2018 from 94.3% in 2017.
Resort base rental income in our Core Portfolio for 2018 increased $ 14.4 million , or 6.8% , from 2017, primarily due to increased rental rates. Resort base rental income is comprised of the following:
Core Portfolio
Total Portfolio
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
Variance
% Change
2018
2017
Variance
% Change
Annual
$
140,457

$
131,717

$
8,740

6.6
%
$
148,095

$
133,236

$
14,859

11.2
%
Seasonal
36,236

33,615

2,621

7.8
%
37,674

36,157

1,517

4.2
%
Transient
48,753

45,755

2,998

6.6
%
54,137

49,413

4,724

9.6
%
Resort base rental income
$
225,446

$
211,087

$
14,359

6.8
%
$
239,906

$
218,806

$
21,100

9.6
%

43

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Utility and other income in our Core Portfolio for 2018 increased $1.8 million , or 1.9% , from 2017, primarily driven by higher utility income mainly as a result from $1.2 million and $0.8 million increases in the South and West regions, respectively.
Property Operating Expenses
Property operating expenses, excluding deferrals and property management, in our Core Portfolio for 2018 increased $15.5 million , or 4.3% , from 2017. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $14.1 million in property operating and maintenance expenses, driven by an increase of $4.5 million in utility expense from increased electric, trash and sewer expenses, an increase of $4.5 million in property payroll as a result of 2018 salary increases and an increase of $2.9 million in insurance expense as a result of increased premiums for our 2018 policy renewal.
Home Sales and Other
The following table summarizes certain financial and statistical data for our Home Sales Operations.
(amounts in thousands, except home sales volumes)
2018
2017
Variance
% Change
Gross revenues from new home sales (1)
$
27,833

$
25,759

$
2,074

8.1
%
Cost of new home sales (1)
(27,220
)
(25,188
)
(2,032
)
(8.1
)%
Gross profit from new home sales
613

571

42

7.4
%
Gross revenues from used home sales
8,231

10,543

(2,312
)
(21.9
)%
Cost of used home sales
(10,255
)
(11,325
)
1,070

9.4
%
Loss from used home sales
(2,024
)
(782
)
(1,242
)
(158.8
)%
Brokered resale revenues and ancillary services revenues, net
3,584

3,798

(214
)
(5.6
)%
Home selling expenses
(4,095
)
(4,186
)
91

2.2
%
Loss from home sales operations and other
$
(1,922
)
$
(599
)
$
(1,323
)
(220.9
)%
Home sales volumes:
New home sales (2)
556

597

(41
)
(6.9
)%
New Home Sales Volume - ECHO JV
100

158

(58
)
(36.7
)%
Used home sales
1,091

1,280

(189
)
(14.8
)%
Brokered home resales
852

880

(28
)
(3.2
)%
_____________________
(1)
New home sales gross revenues and costs of new home sales does not include the revenues and costs associated with our ECHO JV.
(2)
Total new home sales volume includes home sales from our ECHO JV for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.

Loss from home sales operations and other was $1.9 million for 2018, compared to loss from home sales operations and other of $0.6 million for 2017. The increase in loss from home sales operations and other was primarily due to an increase in loss from used home sales.























44

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Rental Operations
The following table summarizes certain financial and statistical data for our MH Rental Operations.
(amounts in thousands, except rental unit volumes)
2018
2017
Variance
% Change
Rental operations revenue (1)
$
46,900

$
48,936

$
(2,036
)
(4.2
)%
Rental home operating and maintenance
(6,836
)
(6,610
)
(226
)
(3.4
)%
Income from rental operations
40,064

42,326

(2,262
)
(5.3
)%
Depreciation on rental homes (2)
(9,810
)
(10,441
)
631

6.0
%
Income from rental operations, net of depreciation
$
30,254

$
31,885

$
(1,631
)
(5.1
)%
Gross investment in new manufactured home rental units (3)
$
166,500

$
132,478

$
34,022

25.7
%
Gross investment in used manufactured home rental units
$
33,887

$
43,374

$
(9,487
)
(21.9
)%
Net investment in new manufactured home rental units
$
136,263

$
105,828

$
30,435

28.8
%
Net investment in used manufactured home rental units
$
15,828

$
23,779

$
(7,951
)
(33.4
)%
Number of occupied rentals – new, end of period (4)
2,835

2,533

302

11.9
%
Number of occupied rentals—used, end of period
1,406

1,884

(478
)
(25.4
)%
_____________________
(1)
Rental operations revenue consists of Site rental income and home rental income. Approximately $32.6 million and $34.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, of Site rental income are included in Community base rental income in the Income from Property Operations table. The remainder of home rental income is included in Rental home income in the Income from Property Operations table.
(2)
Included in depreciation on real estate and rental homes in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
(3)
New home cost basis does not include the costs associated with our ECHO JV. Our investment in the ECHO JV was $16.2 million and $15.6 million at December 31, 2018 , and 2017 , respectively.
(4)
Includes 279 and 268 homes rented through our ECHO JV in 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
The decrease in income from rental operations, net of depreciation was primarily due to a decrease in the number of used occupied rental units. This was partially offset by an increase in the number of occupied new homes.
Other Income and Expenses
The following table summarizes other income and expenses.
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
Variance
% Change
Depreciation on real estate and rental homes
$
(130,022
)
$
(121,455
)
$
(8,567
)
(7.1
)%
Amortization of in-place leases
(7,187
)
(2,231
)
(4,956
)
(222.1
)%
Interest income
7,525

7,580

(55
)
(0.7
)%
Income from other investments, net
10,842

5,795

5,047

87.1
%
General and administrative (excluding transaction costs)
(37,684
)
(31,013
)
(6,671
)
(21.5
)%
Transaction costs

(724
)
724

100.0
%
Other expenses
(1,483
)
(1,148
)
(335
)
(29.2
)%
Early debt retirement
(1,071
)
(2,785
)
1,714

61.5
%
Interest and related amortization
(104,993
)
(100,570
)
(4,423
)
(4.4
)%
Total other income and expenses, net
$
(264,073
)
$
(246,551
)
$
(17,522
)
(7.1
)%

Total other income and expenses, net increased $17.5 million in 2018 compared to 2017, primarily due to an increase in depreciation on real estate and rental homes, general and administrative expenses, amortization of in-place leases and interest and related amortization. These increases were partially offset by a $5.0 million increase in income from other investments, net, mainly due to insurance recovery for reimbursement of capital expenditures related to Hurricane Irma.


45

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2017 to Year Ended December 31, 2016
Income from Property Operations
The following table summarizes certain financial and statistical data for our Core Portfolio and total portfolio:
Core Portfolio
Total Portfolio
(amounts in thousands)
2017
2016
Variance
%
Change
2017
2016
Variance
%
Change
Community base rental income
$484,484
$462,321
$22,163
4.8%
$489,613
$464,745
$24,868
5.4%
Rental home income
14,344
14,108
236
1.7%
14,344
14,107
237
1.7%
Resort base rental income
199,886
188,821
11,065
5.9%
218,806
201,533
17,273
8.6%
Right-to-use annual payments
45,748
45,035
713
1.6%
45,798
45,035
763
1.7%
Right-to-use contracts current period, gross
14,132
12,327
1,805
14.6%
14,132
12,327
1,805
14.6%
Utility and other income
90,341
80,153
10,188
12.7%
93,252
81,427
11,825
14.5%
Property operating revenues, excluding deferrals
848,935
802,765
46,170
5.8%
875,945
819,174
56,771
6.9%
Property operating and maintenance
281,055
260,607
20,448
7.8%
294,119
268,249
25,870
9.6%
Rental home operating and maintenance
6,610
6,882
(272)
(4.0)%
6,610
6,883
(273)
(4.0)%
Real estate taxes
53,730
51,892
1,838
3.5%
55,010
53,036
1,974
3.7%
Sales and marketing, gross
11,436
11,058
378
3.4%
11,438
11,056
382
3.5%
Property operating expenses, excluding deferrals and Property management
352,831
330,439
22,392
6.8%
367,177
339,224
27,953
8.2%
Income from property operations, excluding deferrals and Property management (1)
496,104
472,326
23,778
5.0%
508,768
479,950
28,818
6.0%
Property management
51,252
47,079
4,173
8.9%
51,252
47,083
4,169
8.9%
Income from property operations, excluding deferrals (1)
444,852
425,247
19,605
4.6%
457,516
432,867
24,649
5.7%
Right-to-use contracts, deferred and sales and marketing, deferred, net
3,754
2,856
898
31.4%
3,754
2,856
898
31.4%
Income from property operations (1)
$441,098
$422,391
$18,707
4.4%
$453,762
$430,011
$23,751
5.5%
__________________________
(1)
Non-GAAP measure, see the Results Overview section of the Management Discussion and Analysis for Non-GAAP Financial Measure Definitions and reconciliations of these Non-GAAP measures to Net Income available to Common Shareholders.
Total Portfolio income from property operations for 2017 increased $23.8 million, or 5.5%, from 2016, driven by an increase of $18.7 million, or 4.4%, in our Core income from property operations and an increase of $5.1 million in our Non-Core income from property operations.
Property Operating Revenues
Community base rental income in our Core Portfolio for 2017 increased $22.2 million, or 4.8%, from 2016, which reflects 3.9% growth from rate increases and 0.9% growth from occupancy gains. The average monthly base rental income per Site in our Core Portfolio increased to approximately $612 in 2017 from approximately $589 in 2016. The average occupancy for the Core Portfolio increased to 94.2% in 2017 from 93.4% in 2016.
Resort base rental income in our Core Portfolio for 2017 increased $11.1 million, or 5.9%, from 2016, primarily due to increased rental rates. Resort base rental income is comprised of the following:
Core Portfolio
Total Portfolio
(amounts in thousands)
2017
2016
Variance
% Change
2017
2016
Variance
% Change
Annual
$
127,923

$
121,113

$
6,810

5.6
%
$
133,236

$
124,308

$
8,928

7.2
%
Seasonal
29,829

27,370

2,459

9.0
%
36,157

31,510

4,647

14.7
%
Transient
42,134

40,338

1,796

4.5
%
49,413

45,715

3,698

8.1
%
Resort base rental income
$
199,886

$
188,821

$
11,065

5.9
%
$
218,806

$
201,533

$
17,273

8.6
%
Right-to-use contracts current period, gross, net of sales and marketing, gross,  increased as a result of a higher number of upgrades sold and an increase in the average upgrade sales price during 2017 compared to 2016. In 2017, there were 2,514 upgrade sales with an average price per sale of $5,621. This compared to 2,477 upgrade sales with an average price per sale of $4,978 in 2016.

46

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Utility and other income in our Core Portfolio for 2017 increased $10.2 million, or 12.7%, from 2016, primarily due to an insurance recovery revenue accrual related to Hurricane Irma, insurance proceeds related to prior storm events, and recoverable utility expense rate and usage increases during 2017.
Property Operating Expenses
Property operating expenses, excluding deferrals and property management, in our Core Portfolio for 2017 increased $22.4 million, or 6.8%, from 2016. The increase was primarily due to an increase in property operating and maintenance expenses of $20.4 million, driven by an increase of $8.6 million in repairs and maintenance costs recorded during 2017, primarily related to clean up costs as a result of Hurricane Irma and prior storm events, an increase of $4.7 million in utility expense, an increase of $3.4 million in property payroll driven by wage increases and increased headcount and an increase of $1.4 million in administrative costs.
Home Sales Operations
The following table summarizes certain financial and statistical data for our Home Sales Operations.
(amounts in thousands, except home sales volumes)
2017
2016
Variance
% Change
Gross revenues from new home sales (1)
$
25,759

$
26,074

$
(315
)
(1.2
)%
Cost of new home sales (1)
(25,188
)
(26,028
)
840

3.2
%
Gross profit from new home sales
571

46

525

1,141.3
%
Gross revenues from used home sales
10,543

11,117

(574
)
(5.2
)%
Cost of used home sales
(11,325
)
(11,428
)
103

0.9
%
Loss from used home sales
(782
)
(311
)
(471
)
(151.4
)%
Brokered resale revenues and ancillary services revenues, net
3,798

2,994

804

26.9
%
Home selling expenses
(4,186
)
(3,575
)
(611
)
(17.1
)%
Loss from home sales operations and other
$
(599
)
$
(846
)
$
247

(29.2
)%
Home sales volumes:
Total new home sales (2)
597

658

(61
)
(9.3
)%
New Home Sales Volume - ECHO JV
158

208

(50
)
(24.0
)%
Used home sales
1,280

1,266

14

1.1
%
Brokered home resales
880

792

88

11.1
%
_____________________
(1)
New home sales gross revenues and costs of new home sales does not include the revenues and costs associated with our ECHO JV.
(2)
Total new home sales volume includes home sales through our ECHO JV for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
Loss from home sales operations and other was $0.6 million for 2017, compared to loss from home sales operations and other of $0.8 million for 2016. The decrease in loss from home sales operations and other was primarily due to an increase in ancillary activities and an increase in the gross profit from new home sales, partially offset by an increase in home selling expenses and an increase in the loss from used home sales. The increase in home selling expenses was primarily due to expense of $0.4 million recorded during 2017 related to property damage as a result of Hurricane Irma. The expense recorded during 2017 was offset by revenue recorded of $0.4 million in brokered resale revenues and ancillary services revenues, net in 2017 related to the expected insurance recovery from this loss.

47

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Rental Operations
The following table summarizes certain financial and statistical data for our MH Rental Operations.
(amounts in thousands, except rental unit volumes)
2017
2016
Variance
% Change
New Home
$
27,043

$
25,267

$
1,776

7.0
%
Used Home
21,893

24,578

(2,685
)
(10.9
)%
Rental operations revenue (1)
48,936

49,845

(909
)
(1.8
)%
Rental home operating and maintenance
(6,610
)
(6,883
)
273

4.0
%
Income from rental operations
42,326

42,962

(636
)
(1.5
)%
Depreciation on rental homes (2)
(10,441
)
(10,664
)
223

2.1
%
Income from rental operations, net of depreciation
$
31,885

$
32,298

$
(413
)
(1.3
)%
Gross investment in new manufactured home rental units (3)
$
132,478

$
126,455

$
6,023

4.8
%
Gross investment in used manufactured home rental units
$
43,374

$
51,467

$
(8,093
)
(15.7
)%
Net investment in new manufactured home rental units
$
105,828

$
103,436

$
2,392

2.3
%
Net investment in used manufactured home rental units
$
23,779

$
32,239

$
(8,460
)
(26.2
)%
Number of occupied rentals – new, end of period (4)
2,533

2,375

158

6.7
%
Number of occupied rentals—used, end of period
1,884

2,375

(491)

(20.7
)%
_____________________
(1)
Rental operations revenue consists of Site rental income and home rental income. Approximately $34.6 million and $35.7 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, of Site rental income are included in Community base rental income in the Income from Property Operations table. The remainder of home rental income is included in Rental home income in the Income from Property Operations table.
(2)
Included in depreciation on real estate and other costs in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
(3)
The new home cost basis does not include the costs associated with our ECHO JV. Our investment in the ECHO JV was $15.6 million and $10.4 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
(4)
Includes 268 and 183 homes rented through our ECHO JV in 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The decrease in income from rental operations, net of depreciation was primarily due to a decrease in the number of used occupied rental units, partially offset by an increase in the number of occupied new homes at a higher rental rate.
Other Income and Expenses
The following table summarizes other income and expenses.
(amounts in thousands)
2017
2016
Variance
% Change
Depreciation on real estate and rental homes
$
(121,455
)
$
(117,400
)
$
(4,055
)
(3.5
)%
Amortization of in-place leases
(2,231
)
(3,373
)
1,142

33.9
%
Interest income
7,580

6,845

735

10.7
%
Income from other investments, net
5,795

7,310

(1,515
)
(20.7
)%
General and administrative (excluding transaction costs)
(31,013
)
(29,787
)
(1,226
)
(4.1
)%
Transaction costs
(724
)
(1,217
)
493

40.5
%
Other expenses
(1,148
)
(4,986
)
3,838

77.0
%
Early debt retirement
(2,785
)

(2,785
)
100.0
%
Interest and related amortization
(100,570
)
(102,030
)
1,460

1.4
%
Total other income and expenses, net
$
(246,551
)
$
(244,638
)
$
(1,913
)
(0.8
)%

Total other income and expenses, net increased $1.9 million in 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to an increase in depreciation on real estate and rental homes, early debt retirement costs incurred in 2017 as a result of the refinancing activities completed during 2017 (See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data— Note 8. Borrowing Arrangements for additional detail.) and a decrease in income from other investments, net, due to the termination of Tropical Palms RV ground lease in 2016, partially offset by a decrease in other expenses, primarily due to payment of $2.4 million in 2017 related to the 2016 litigation settlement.



48

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Our primary demands for liquidity include payment of operating expenses, dividend distributions, debt service, including principal and interest, capital improvements on Properties, new and pre-owned homes purchases and property acquisitions. We expect similar demand for liquidity will continue for the short-term and long-term. Our primary sources of cash include operating cash flows, proceeds from financings, borrowings under our unsecured Line of Credit ("LOC") and proceeds from issuance of equity and debt securities.
Our at-the-market ("ATM") equity offering program allows us to sell, from time-to-time, shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $200.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , we sold 861,141 shares of our common stock under our ATM equity offering program for gross cash proceeds of approximately $78.8 million at a weighted average share price of $91.45 . On October 26, 2018, we renewed our ATM equity offering program, which resumed the capacity to an aggregate offering price of up to $200.0 million . As of December 31, 2018 , the full capacity remained available for issuance. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 4. Common Stock and Other Equity Related Transactions.
In addition, we have available liquidity in the form of authorized and unissued preferred stock of approximately 10.0 million shares and approximately 110.1 million shares of authorized but unissued common stock registered for sale under the Securities Act of 1933.
One of our stated objectives is to maintain financial flexibility. Achieving this objective allows us to take advantage of strategic opportunities that may arise. We believe effective management of our balance sheet, including maintaining various access points to raise capital, managing future debt maturities and borrowing at competitive rates, enables us to meet this objective. Our financing objectives continue to focus on accessing long-term low-cost secured debt. The result of our 2018 efforts included an increase in our weighted average debt maturity from 12 years to 13 years and a reduction of our weighted average rate from 4.46% to 4.31%. Additionally, as of December 31, 2018 , 33.9% of our outstanding debt is fully amortizing.
We also utilize interest rate swaps to add stability to our interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The changes in the fair value of the designated derivative are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently reclassified into earnings on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During the next twelve months, we estimate that an additional $1.4 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense. This estimate may be subject to change as the underlying LIBOR changes. For additional information regarding our interest rate swap, see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 9. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements, including principal payments, capital improvements and dividend distributions for the next twelve months, generally through available cash as well as net cash provided by operating activities, our ATM equity offering program and availability under our existing LOC. Our LOC has a borrowing capacity of $400.0 million with the option to increase the borrowing capacity by $200.0 million , subject to certain conditions.
We expect to meet certain long-term liquidity requirements, such as scheduled debt maturities, property acquisitions and capital improvements by use of our long-term collateralized and uncollateralized borrowings including the existing LOC and the issuance of debt securities or additional equity securities.
For information regarding our debt activities and related borrowing arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 8. Borrowing Arrangements.
The table below summarizes our cash flow activity:
For the years ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
2016
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
411,084

$
377,987

$
352,362

Net cash used in investing activities
(398,065
)
(305,355
)
(218,602
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
17,324

(98,796
)
(158,444
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
$
30,343

$
(26,164
)
$
(24,684
)


49

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $33.1 million to $411.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $378.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The overall increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to an increase in income from property operations of $33.7 million and payment of $2.4 million in 2017 related to the 2016 litigation settlement, partially offset by a change in other assets and liabilities.
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $25.6 million to $378.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $352.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The overall increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to an increase in income from property operations of $23.8 million , long term incentive compensation of $4.8 million paid during the year ended December 31, 2016, which did not recur in 2017, partially offset by payment of $2.4 million in 2017 related to the 2016 litigation settlement.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities increased $92.7 million to $398.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $305.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to an increase in real estate acquisitions and an increase in capital improvements. The increase in net cash used in investing activities was partially offset by a decrease in joint venture investments and repayment of a $13.8 million loan from one of our joint ventures.
Net cash used in investing activities increased $86.8 million to $305.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $218.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to higher spending on real estate acquisitions and investment in joint ventures during the year ended December 31, 2017 and the issuance of a short term loan of $13.8 million to one of our joint ventures.

Capital improvements
The table below summarizes capital improvements:
For the years ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
2016
Recurring Capital Expenditures (1)
$
44,829

$
39,833

$
37,709

Property upgrades and development (2)
46,161

34,690

19,244

New home investments (3) (4)
84,195

45,640

56,651

Used home investments (4)
3,412

4,298

4,961

Total Property
178,597

124,461

118,565

Corporate
3,025

1,589

872

Total Capital improvements
$
181,622

$
126,050

$
119,437

__________________________________________________
(1)
Recurring capital expenditures are primarily comprised of common area improvements, furniture and mechanical improvements.
(2)
Amounts include $15.0 million and $4.7 million of restoration and improvement capital expenditures related to Hurricane Irma for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
(3)
Amounts exclude new home investments associated with our ECHO JV.
(4)
Net proceeds from new and used home sale activities are reflected within Operating Activities.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $17.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $98.8 million . The increase in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to redemption of our Series C Preferred Stock during the year ended December 31, 2017 and an increase in net mortgage debt proceeds of approximately $96.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 . The increase in cash provided by financing activities was partially offset by lower proceeds from the sale of common stock under our ATM equity program of approximately $41.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 and repayment of $30.0 million on our LOC during the year ended December 31, 2018 .
Net cash used in financing activities decreased $59.6 million to $98.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $158.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in net cash used in financing activities was primarily due to an increase in net debt proceeds of approximately $153.3 million and an increase in the proceeds from the sale of common stock under our ATM equity program of approximately $70.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, partially offset by

50

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

redemption of our Series C Preferred Stock of $136.3 million and an increase in distributions to our common stockholders of $23.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2017.
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2018 , we were subject to certain contractual payment obligations as described in the table below:

(amounts in thousands)
Total (1)
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Thereafter
Long Term Borrowings (2)
$
2,384,922

$
55,005

$
168,860

$
229,218

$
179,910

$
341,561

$
1,410,368

Interest Expense (3)
906,172

102,195

95,963

87,249

76,344

64,521

479,900

Operating Lease
8,669

2,348

2,402

2,068

569

530

752

LOC Maintenance Fee (4)
1,718

608

612

498




Ground Lease (5)
11,551

1,832

1,832

1,832

1,362

417

4,276

Total Contractual Obligations
$
3,313,032

$
161,988


$
269,669

$
320,865

$
258,185

$
407,029

$
1,895,296

Weighted average interest rates - Long Term Borrowings
4.25
%
4.34
%
4.28
%
4.21
%
4.13
%
4.18
%
4.24
%
_____________________
(1)
We do not include insurance, property taxes and cancelable contracts in the contractual obligations table.
(2)
Balances exclude note premiums of $1.0 million and unamortized deferred financing costs of $26.4 million . Balances represent debt maturing and scheduled periodic payments, including $11.2 million included in Liabilities related to asset held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3)
Amounts include interest expected to be incurred on our secured and unsecured debt based on obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2018 .
(4)
As of December 31, 2018 , assumes we will not exercise our one-year extension option on October 27, 2021 and assumes we will maintain our current leverage ratios as defined by the LOC.
(5)
Amounts represent minimum future rental payments for land under non-cancelable operating leases at certain of our Properties expiring at various years through 2054 .
We believe that we will be able to refinance our maturing debt obligations on a secured or unsecured basis; however, to the extent we are unable to refinance our debt as it matures, we believe that we will be able to repay such maturing debt through available cash as well as operating cash flow, asset sales and/or the proceeds from equity issuances. With respect to any refinancing of maturing debt, our future cash flow requirements could be impacted by significant changes in interest rates or other debt terms, including required amortization payments. As of December 31, 2018 , approximately 33.9% of our outstanding debt was fully amortizing.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosures. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
For additional information regarding our significant accounting policies, see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We review our Properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the Property may not be recoverable. The economic performance and value of our real estate investments could be adversely impacted by many factors including factors outside of our control. We consider impairment indicators including, but not limited to, the following:
general economic climate;
competition from other housing options;
local conditions, such as an increase in unemployment;
changes in governmental regulations and the related costs of compliance;
changes in market rental rates or occupancy; and
physical damage or environmental indicators.
Any adverse changes in these factors could cause an impairment in our assets, including our investment in real estate and development projects in progress.
If an impairment indicator exists related to a long-lived asset, the expected future undiscounted cash flows are compared against the carrying amount of that asset. Forecasting cash flows requires us to make estimates and assumptions on various input including, but not limited to, rental revenue and expense growth rates, occupancy and levels of capital expenditure. If the sum of

51

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)

the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded for the carrying amount in excess of the estimated fair value.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.
Inflation
Substantially all of the leases at our MH communities allow for monthly or annual rent increases which provide us with the ability to increase rent, where justified by the market. Such types of leases generally minimize our risks of inflation. In addition, our RV communities are generally not subject to leases as rents are established for these Sites on an annual basis. Our right-to-use contracts generally provide for an annual dues increase, but dues may be frozen under the terms of certain contracts if the customer is over 61 years old. Currently, 24.5% of our dues are frozen.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate changes primarily as a result of our long-term debt that is used to maintain liquidity and fund our operations. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows. To achieve our objectives, we borrow primarily at fixed rates, and in some cases variable rates. With regard to variable rate financing, we assess interest rate cash flow risk by continually identifying and monitoring changes in interest rate exposure that may adversely impact future cash flows and by evaluating hedging opportunities.
The primary market risk related to our long-term indebtedness is our ability to refinance maturing debt. The fair value of our long-term debt obligations is affected by changes in market interest rates with scheduled maturities from 2020 to 2041 , which minimizes the market risk until the debt matures. As of December 31, 2018 , we had no outstanding short-term, secured debt. In addition, 33.9% of our outstanding debt is fully amortizing, further reducing the risk related to increased interest rates. For each increase in interest rates of 1.0% (or 100 basis points), the fair value of the total outstanding debt would decrease by approximately $278.0 million . For each decrease in interest rates of 1.0% (or 100 basis points), the fair value of the total outstanding debt would increase by approximately $319.4 million . If the interest rates were to increase or decrease by 1.0%, there would be no effect on interest expense or cash flows as all our outstanding debt has either fixed interest rates or variables rates subject to cash flows hedges.
Our $200.0 million unsecured Term Loan, which commenced on October 27, 2017, has variable rates based on LIBOR plus 1.20% to 1.90% per annum. The 2017 Swap secured the underlying LIBOR at 1.85% per annum for the first three years. See Note 8. Borrowing Arrangements and Note. 9 Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities to the consolidated financial statements for definitions of Term Loan and 2017 Swap.

52



FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report includes certain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used, words such as "anticipate," "expect," "believe," "project," "intend," "may be" and "will be" and similar words or phrases, or the negative thereof, unless the context requires otherwise, are intended to identify forward-looking statements and may include without limitation, information regarding our expectations, goals or intentions regarding the future, and the expected effect of our acquisitions. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to:
our ability to control costs and real estate market conditions, our ability to retain customers, the actual use of Sites by customers and our success in acquiring new customers at our Properties (including those that we may acquire);
our ability to maintain historical or increase future rental rates and occupancy with respect to properties currently owned or that we may acquire;
our ability to retain and attract customers renewing, upgrading and entering right-to-use contracts;
our assumptions about rental and home sales markets;
our ability to manage counter-party risk;
our ability to renew our insurance policies at existing rates and on consistent terms;
in the age-qualified Properties, home sales results could be impacted by the ability of potential home buyers to sell their existing residences as well as by financial, credit and capital markets volatility;
results from home sales and occupancy will continue to be impacted by local economic conditions, lack of affordable manufactured home financing and competition from alternative housing options including site-built single-family housing;
impact of government intervention to stabilize site-built single-family housing and not manufactured housing;
effective integration of recent acquisitions and our estimates regarding the future performance of recent acquisitions;
the completion of future transactions in their entirety, if any, and timing and effective integration with respect thereto;
unanticipated costs or unforeseen liabilities associated with recent acquisitions;
ability to obtain financing or refinance existing debt on favorable terms or at all;
the effect of interest rates;
the effect from any breach of our, or any of our vendor's, data management systems;
the dilutive effects of issuing additional securities;
the effect of changes in accounting for Leases set forth under the Codification Topic "Leases" ;
the outcome of pending or future lawsuits or actions brought against us, including those disclosed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and
other risks indicated from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
These forward-looking statements are based on management's present expectations and beliefs about future events. As with any projection or forecast, these statements are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. We are under no obligation to, and expressly disclaim any obligation to, update or alter our forward-looking statements whether as a result of such changes, new information, subsequent events or otherwise.




53



Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer), maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures, designed to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that we will detect or uncover failures to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports.
Our management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018 . Based on that evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to give reasonable assurances to the timely collection, evaluation and our disclosure of information that would potentially be subject to disclosure under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder as of December 31, 2018 .
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2018 .
Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Based on management's assessment, we maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 . In making this assessment, management used the criteria established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in "Internal Control-Integrated Framework" (2013 framework).
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by our independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report on Page F-3.

Item 9B. Other Information
None.


54




PART III
Items 10 and 11. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance, and Executive Compensation
The information required by Items 10 and 11 will be contained in the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2019 Annual Meeting and is therefore incorporated by reference, and thus Items 10 and 11 have been omitted in accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans required by Item 12 are as follows:
Plan Category
Number of securities to
be Issued upon Exercise
of Outstanding  Options,
Warrants and Rights
(a)
Weighted-average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights
Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
2,800

$
18.87


Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (2)
20,750

81.31

2,927,923

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (3)
N/A

N/A

416,517

Total
23,550

$
73.89

3,344,440

_________________________________
(1)
Represents shares of common stock under our Stock Option and Award Plan adopted in December 1992, prior to its expiration.
(2)
Represents shares of common stock under our Equity Incentive Plan effective May 13, 2014 (the "2014 Plan").
(3)
Represents shares of common stock under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan effective July 1997, as amended and restated in May 2016. Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, eligible employees may make contributions which are used to purchase shares of common stock at a purchase price equal to 85% of the lesser of the closing price of a share of common stock on the first or last trading day of the purchase period. Purchases of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan are made on the first business day of the next month after the close of the purchase period. Under New York Stock Exchange rules then in effect, stockholder approval was not required for the Employee Stock Purchase Plan because it is a broad-based plan available generally to all employees.
The information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" required by Item 12 will be contained in the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2018 Annual Meeting and is therefore incorporated by reference, and thus has been omitted in accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.
Items 13 and 14. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence, and Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by Item 13 and Item 14 will be contained in the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2019 Annual Meeting and is therefore incorporated by reference, and thus Items 13 and 14 have been omitted in accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.











55




PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statements Schedules

1.
Financial Statements
See Index to Financial Statements and Schedule on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.

2.
Financial Statement Schedule
See Index to Financial Statements and Schedule on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.

3.
Exhibits:

In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits to this Form 10-K, please remember they are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information or the other parties to the agreements. The agreements contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and:
should not in all instances be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate;
have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement;
may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material to you or other investors; and
were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement and are subject to more recent developments.
Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. Additional information about us may be found elsewhere in this Form 10-K and our other public filings, which are available without charge through the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov .
3.1 (a)
3.2 (b)
3.3 (c)
3.4 (d)
4.1 (e)
10.1 (f)
10.2 (g)
10.3 (h)
10.4 (i)
10.5 (j)
10.6 (k)
10.8 (l)
10.10 (l)

56



10.11 (m)
10.12 (m)
10.13 (m)
10.14 (m)
10.15 (m)
10.16 (n)
10.17 (n)
14 (o)
21 (p)
23 (p)
24.1 (p)
24.2 (p)
24.3 (p)
24.4 (p)
24.5 (p)
24.6 (p)
24.7 (p)
24.8 (p)
31.1 (p)
31.2 (p)
32.1 (p)
32.2 (p)
101 (p)
The following materials from Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow, and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following documents are incorporated herein by reference.
(a)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K dated May 22, 2007
(b)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K dated November 26, 2013
(c)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K dated August 10, 2007
(d)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K dated February 27, 2018
(e)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form S-3 Registration Statement dated May 6, 2009, file No. 333-159014
(f)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1996
(g)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005
(h)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K dated January 2, 2014
(i)
Included as Appendix B to our Definitive Proxy Statement dated March 24, 2014, relating to Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 13, 2014
(j)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016

57



(k)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006
(l)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017
(m)
Form of Agreement included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K dated October 26, 2018
(n)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K dated May 13, 2014
(o)
Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017
(p)
Filed herewith

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.






58



SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
EQUITY LIFESTYLE PROPERTIES, INC.,
a Maryland corporation
Date:
February 26, 2019
By:
/s/    M ARGUERITE N ADER
Marguerite Nader
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:
February 26, 2019
By:
/s/    P AUL S EAVEY
Paul Seavey
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial
Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

59



Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.—Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name
Title
Date
/s/  M ARGUERITE N ADER
President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) *Attorney in Fact
February 26, 2019
Marguerite Nader
/s/  P AUL S EAVEY
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) *Attorney in Fact
February 26, 2019
Paul Seavey
*S AMUEL Z ELL
Chairman of the Board
February 26, 2019
Samuel Zell
*T HOMAS H ENEGHAN
Vice-Chairman of the Board
February 26, 2019
Thomas Heneghan
*P HILIP C ALIAN
Director
February 26, 2019
Philip Calian
*D AVID C ONTIS
Director
February 26, 2019
David Contis
*C ONSTANCE F REEDMAN
Director
February 26, 2019
Constance Freedman
* T AO H UANG
Director
February 26, 2019
Tao Huang
* S COTT P EPPET
Director
February 26, 2019
Scott Peppet
* S HELI R OSENBERG
Director
February 26, 2019
Sheli Rosenberg


60



INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
EQUITY LIFESTYLE PROPERTIES, INC.
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
Note that certain schedules have been omitted, as they are not applicable to us.

F-1



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 26, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1996
Chicago, Illinois
February 26, 2019

F-2



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 and our report dated February 26, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Chicago, Illinois
February 26, 2019

F-3



Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
As of December 31, 2018
As of December 31, 2017
Assets
Investment in real estate:
Land
$
1,408,832

$
1,221,375

Land improvements
3,143,745

3,045,221

Buildings and other depreciable property
720,900

649,217

5,273,477

4,915,813

Accumulated depreciation
(1,631,888
)
(1,516,694
)
Net investment in real estate
3,641,589

3,399,119

Cash and restricted cash
65,974

35,631

Notes receivable, net
35,041

49,477

Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
57,755

53,080

Deferred commission expense
40,308

31,443

Other assets, net
49,227

41,282

Assets held for sale, net
35,914


Total Assets
$
3,925,808

$
3,610,032

Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net
$
2,149,726

$
1,971,715

Term loan, net
198,626

198,302

Unsecured line of credit

30,000

Accrued expenses and accounts payable
102,854

80,744

Deferred revenue—upfront payments from right-to-use contracts
116,363

85,596

Deferred revenue—right-to-use annual payments
10,055

9,932

Accrued interest payable
8,759

8,387

Rents and other customer payments received in advance and security deposits
81,114

79,267

Distributions payable
52,617

46,047

Liabilities related to assets held for sale
12,350


Total Liabilities
2,732,464

2,509,990

Equity:
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017; none issued and outstanding.


Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017; 89,921,018 and 88,585,160 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
896

883

Paid-in capital
1,329,391

1,242,109

Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings
(211,034
)
(211,980
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
2,299

942

Total Stockholders' Equity
1,121,552

1,031,954

Non-controlling interests – Common OP Units
71,792

68,088

Total Equity
1,193,344

1,100,042

Total Liabilities and Equity
$
3,925,808

$
3,610,032











The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-4



Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Years Ended December 31,
2018
2017
2016
Revenues:
Community base rental income
$
518,252

$
489,613

$
464,745

Rental home income
14,329

14,344

14,107

Resort base rental income
239,906

218,806

201,533

Right-to-use annual payments
47,778

45,798

45,035

Right-to-use contracts current period, gross
15,191

14,132

12,327

Right-to-use contract upfront payments, deferred, net
(7,380
)
(4,108
)
(3,079
)
Utility and other income
100,562

93,252

81,427

Gross revenues from home sales
36,064

36,302

37,191

Brokered resale and ancillary services revenues, net
3,584

3,798

2,994

Interest income
7,525

7,580

6,845

Income from other investments, net
10,842

5,795

7,310

Total revenues
986,653

925,312

870,435

Expenses:
Property operating and maintenance
313,003

294,119

268,249

Rental home operating and maintenance
6,836

6,610

6,883

Real estate taxes
55,892

55,010

53,036

Sales and marketing, gross
12,542

11,438

11,056

Right-to-use contract commissions, deferred, net
(813
)
(354
)
(223
)
Property management
53,736

51,252

47,083

Depreciation on real estate assets and rental homes
130,022

121,455

117,400

Amortization of in-place leases
7,187

2,231

3,373

Cost of home sales
37,475

36,513

37,456

Home selling expenses
4,095

4,186

3,575

General and administrative
37,684

31,737

31,004

Other expenses
1,483

1,148

4,986

Early debt retirement
1,071

2,785


Interest and related amortization
104,993

100,570

102,030

Total expenses
765,206

718,700

685,908

Income before equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures
221,447

206,612

184,527

Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures
4,939

3,765

2,605

Consolidated net income
226,386

210,377

187,132

Income allocated to non-controlling interests – Common OP Units
(13,774
)
(12,788
)
(13,869
)
Redeemable perpetual preferred stock dividends and original issuance costs
(16
)
(7,685
)
(9,226
)
Net income available for Common Stockholders
$
212,596

$
189,904

$
164,037

Consolidated net income
$
226,386

$
210,377

$
187,132

Other comprehensive income (loss):
Adjustment for fair market value of swap
1,357

1,169

326

Consolidated comprehensive income
227,743

211,546

187,458

Comprehensive income allocated to non-controlling interests – Common OP Units
(13,861
)
(12,813
)
(13,893
)
Redeemable perpetual preferred stock dividends and original issuance costs
(16
)
(7,685
)
(9,226
)
Comprehensive income attributable to Common Stockholders
$
213,866

$
191,048

$
164,339

















The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-5



Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Years Ended December 31,
2018
2017
2016
Earnings per Common Share – Basic
$
2.39

$
2.18

$
1.93

Earnings per Common Share – Fully Diluted
$
2.38

$
2.17

$
1.92

Weighted average Common Shares outstanding – Basic
88,964

86,997

84,778

Weighted average Common Shares outstanding – Fully Diluted
95,055

93,425

92,569














































The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-6



Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes In Equity
(amounts in thousands)
Common
Stock
Paid-in
Capital

Redeemable
Perpetual
Preferred  Stock
Distributions
in Excess of
Accumulated
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Non-
controlling
interests –
Common OP
Units
Total
Equity
Balance, December 31, 2015
$
843

$
1,039,140

$
136,144

$
(250,506
)
$
(553
)
$
67,623

$
992,691

Exchange of Common OP Units for common stock

381




(381
)

Issuance of common stock through exercise of options
4

11,284





11,288

Issuance of common stock through employee stock purchase plan

1,269





1,269

Issuance of common stock
7

49,993





50,000

Compensation expenses related to stock options and restricted stock

9,181





9,181

Repurchase of common stock or Common OP Units

(2,652
)




(2,652
)
Adjustment for Common OP Unitholders in the Operating Partnership

(4,426
)



4,426


Adjustment for fair market value of swap




326


326

Consolidated net income


9,226

164,037


13,869

187,132

Distributions


(9,226
)
(144,807
)

(12,233
)
(166,266
)
Other

(1,122
)




(1,122
)
Balance, December 31, 2016
$
854

$
1,103,048

$
136,144

$
(231,276
)
$
(227
)
$
73,304

$
1,081,847

Exchange of Common OP Units for common stock
13

16,436




(16,449
)

Issuance of common stock through exercise of options
2

4,848





4,850

Issuance of common stock through employee stock purchase plan

2,061





2,061

Issuance of common stock
14

120,684





120,698

Compensation expenses related to stock options and restricted stock

9,352





9,352

Repurchase of common stock or Common OP Units

(3,087
)




(3,087
)
Adjustment for Common OP Unitholders in the Operating Partnership

(10,043
)



10,043


Adjustment for fair market value of swap




1,169


1,169

Consolidated net income


7,685

189,904


12,788

210,377

Distributions


(6,928
)
(170,608
)

(11,428
)
(188,964
)
Series C Preferred stock redemption


(136,144
)



(136,144
)
Series C Preferred stock original issuance costs

757

(757
)




Other

(1,947
)



(170
)
(2,117
)
Balance, December 31, 2017
$
883

$
1,242,109

$

$
(211,980
)
$
942

$
68,088

$
1,100,042

Cumulative effect from the adoption of ASU 2014-09 (as described in Note 2)



(15,186
)


(15,186
)
Balance, January 1, 2018
883

1,242,109


(227,166
)
942

68,088

1,084,856

Exchange of Common OP Units for common stock
1


1,024




(1,025
)

Issuance of common stock through exercise of options
2

3,821





3,823

Issuance of common stock through employee stock purchase plan

2,043





2,043

Issuance of common stock
10

78,745





78,755

Compensation expenses related to stock options and restricted stock

9,995





9,995

Repurchase of common stock or Common OP Units

(3,011
)




(3,011
)
Adjustment for Common OP Unitholders in the Operating Partnership

(3,684
)



3,684


Adjustment for fair market value of swap




1,357


1,357

Consolidated net income


16

212,596


13,774

226,386

Distributions


(16
)
(196,464
)

(12,729
)
(209,209
)
Other

(1,651
)




(1,651
)
Balance, December 31, 2018
$
896

$
1,329,391

$

$
(211,034
)
$
2,299

$
71,792

$
1,193,344


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-7



Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(amounts in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
2018
2017
2016
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Consolidated net income
$
226,386

$
210,377

$
187,132

Adjustments to reconcile Consolidated net income to Net cash provided by operating activities:

Early debt retirement
1,071

2,785


Depreciation
131,501

122,720

118,521

Amortization of in-place leases
7,187

2,231

3,373

Amortization of loan costs
3,564

3,546

3,878

Debt premium amortization
(2,259
)
(2,211
)
(3,382
)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures
(4,939
)
(3,765
)
(2,605
)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated joint ventures
4,122

3,003

2,819

Proceeds from insurance claims, net
(8,525
)
(2,722
)
(12,198
)
Compensation expense related to restricted stock and stock options
9,995

9,352

9,181

Revenue recognized from right-to-use contract upfront payments
(7,811
)
(10,020
)
(9,248
)
Commission expense recognized related to right-to-use contracts
3,609

4,509

4,149

Long-term incentive plan compensation
1,176

1,347

(2,929
)
Provision for (recovery of) uncollectible rents receivable
322

(333
)
(744
)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Notes receivable activity, net
(247
)
(1,510
)
217

Deferred commission expense
(4,274
)
(4,577
)
(4,659
)
Other assets, net
32,364

37,838

33,993

Accrued expenses and accounts payable
827

(11,184
)
10,322

Deferred revenue – upfront payments from right-to-use contracts
15,191

14,132

12,327

Deferred revenue – right-to-use annual payments
123

115

(61
)
Rents received in advance and security deposits
1,701

2,354

2,276

Net cash provided by operating activities
411,084

377,987

352,362

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Real estate acquisitions, net
(234,108
)
(136,552
)
(98,244
)
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
(4,497
)
(33,345
)
(5,134
)
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures
396

789

3,068

Proceeds from insurance claims
7,943

3,626

1,145

Repayments of notes receivable
13,823



Issuance of notes receivable

(13,823
)

Capital improvements
(181,622
)
(126,050
)
(119,437
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(398,065
)
(305,355
)
(218,602
)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from stock options and employee stock purchase plan
5,813

6,911

12,557

Gross proceeds from sale of Common Stock
78,755

120,698

50,000

Distributions:
Common Stockholders
(190,211
)
(163,770
)
(140,057
)
Common OP Unitholders
(12,411
)
(11,631
)
(11,888
)
Preferred Stockholders
(16
)
(6,928
)
(9,226
)
Stock repurchase and Unit redemption


(229
)
Share based award tax withholding payments
(2,958
)
(3,087
)
(2,423
)
Principal payments and mortgage debt payoff
(245,335
)
(270,530
)
(142,731
)
New mortgage notes payable financing proceeds
421,774

350,369

88,050

Line of Credit payoff
(284,000
)
(101,000
)

Line of Credit proceeds
254,000

131,000


Debt issuance and defeasance costs
(6,436
)
(12,567
)
(1,375
)
Redemption of preferred stock

(136,314
)

Other, primarily ATM offering costs
(1,651
)
(1,947
)
(1,122
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
17,324

(98,796
)
(158,444
)
Net increase (decrease) in Cash and restricted cash
30,343

(26,164
)
(24,684
)
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of year
35,631

61,795

86,479

Cash and restricted cash, end of year
$
65,974

$
35,631

$
61,795





The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-8



Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(amounts in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
2018
2017
2016
Supplemental information:
Cash paid during the period for interest
$
102,377

$
102,570

$
105,556

Building and other depreciable property – reclassification of rental homes
$
39,587

$
38,350

$
34,707

Other assets, net – reclassification of rental homes
$
(39,587
)
$
(38,350
)
$
(34,707
)
Real estate acquisitions:
Investment in real estate
$
(265,129
)
$
(142,255
)
$
(122,448
)
Other assets, net
(59
)
(229
)
(20
)
Debt assumed
9,200

5,900

22,010

Debt financed
8,786



Accrued expenses and accounts payable
794

32

1,883

Other liabilities
12,300


331

Real estate acquisitions, net
$
(234,108
)
$
(136,552
)
$
(98,244
)






























































The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-9

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements









Note 1—Organization
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc. ("ELS"), a Maryland corporation, together with MHC Operating Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership") and its other consolidated subsidiaries (the "Subsidiaries"), are referred to herein as "we," "us," "the Company," and "our." We are a fully integrated owner and operator of lifestyle-oriented properties ("Properties") consisting primarily of manufactured home ("MH") and recreational vehicle ("RV") communities. We provide our customers the opportunity to place factory built homes, cottages, cabins or RVs on our Properties either on a long-term or short-term basis. Our customers may lease individual developed areas ("Sites") or enter right-to-use contracts, which provide them access to specific Properties for limited stays. Our Properties are designed and improved for home options of various sizes and designs that are produced off-site by third party manufacturers, installed and set on designated Sites ("Site Set") within the Properties.
We believe that we have qualified for taxation as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes since our taxable year ended December 31, 1993. We plan to continue to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT. Many of these requirements, however, are highly technical and complex. For example, to qualify as a REIT, at least 95% of our gross income must come from sources that are itemized in the REIT tax laws. We must meet a number of organizational requirements, including a requirement to distribute to stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income computed without regard to our deduction for dividends paid and our net capital gain.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we could be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Also, unless the IRS granted us relief under certain statutory provisions, we would remain disqualified as a REIT for four years following the year we first failed to qualify. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we are subject to certain foreign, state and local taxes on our income and property and U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.
Our Properties are owned primarily by the Operating Partnership and managed internally by wholly-owned affiliates of the Operating Partnership. We contributed the proceeds from our initial public offering and subsequent offerings to the Operating Partnership for units of common interests in the partnership ("OP Units"), and we currently hold a number of OP Units equal to the number of our outstanding common shares. In addition, we are the general partner of the Operating Partnership. The financial results of the Operating Partnership and the Subsidiaries are consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. In addition, since certain activities, if performed by us, may cause us to earn income which is not qualifying for the REIT gross income tests, we have formed taxable REIT Subsidiaries, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), to engage in such activities.
Several Properties are wholly-owned by Realty Systems, Inc. ("RSI"), one of our taxable REIT Subsidiaries. In addition, RSI is engaged in the business of purchasing, selling and leasing Site Set homes that are located in Properties we own and manage. RSI also provides brokerage services to residents at such Properties for those residents who move from a Property but do not relocate their homes. RSI may provide brokerage services, in competition with other local brokers, by seeking buyers for the Site Set homes. RSI also operates ancillary activities at certain Properties consisting of operations such as golf courses, pro shops, stores and restaurants.
The limited partners of the Operating Partnership (the "Common OP Unitholders") receive an allocation of net income that is based on their respective ownership percentage in the Operating Partnership that is shown on the consolidated financial statements as Non-controlling interests—Common OP Units. As of December 31, 2018 , the Non-controlling interests—Common OP Units represented 5,745,966 OP Units which are exchangeable into an equivalent number of shares of our common stock. The issuance of additional shares of common stock or Common OP Units changes the respective ownership of the Operating Partnership for the Non-controlling interests—Common OP Units.


F-10

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements








Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a)
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements present the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of ELS, its majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries and variable interest entities ("VIEs") in which ELS is the primary beneficiary. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The Operating Partnership meets the criteria as a VIE, where we are the general partner and controlling owner of approximately 93.8% . The limited partners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights. Our sole significant asset is our investment in the Operating Partnership, and consequently, substantially all of our assets and liabilities represent those assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership. Additionally, we have the power to direct the Operating Partnership's activities and the obligation to absorb its losses or the right to receive its benefits. Accordingly, we are the primary beneficiary and we have continued to consolidate the Operating Partnership.
Equity method of accounting is applied to entities in which ELS does not have a controlling interest or for VIEs in which ELS is not considered the primary beneficiary, but with respect to which it can exercise significant influence over the operations and major decisions. Our exposure to losses associated with unconsolidated joint ventures is primarily limited to the carrying value of these investments. Accordingly, distributions from a joint venture in excess of our carrying value are recognized in earnings.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified on our consolidated financial statements to conform with current year presentation.
(b)
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. All property and site counts and acreage amounts are unaudited.
(c)
Investment in Real Estate
Investment in real estate is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Direct and indirect costs related to real estate improvement projects are capitalized, including salaries and related benefits of employees who are directly responsible for and spend their time on the execution and supervision of such projects. Land improvements consist primarily of improvements such as grading, landscaping and infrastructure items, such as streets, sidewalks or water mains. Improvements to buildings and other depreciable property include clubhouses, laundry facilities, maintenance storage facilities, rental units and furniture, fixtures and equipment.
For development and expansion projects, we capitalize direct project costs, such as construction, architectural and legal, as well as, indirect project costs such as interest, real estate taxes and salaries and related benefits of employees who are directly involved in the project. Capitalization of these costs begins when the activities and related expenditures commence and cease when the project, or a portion of the project, is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.
Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis based on the estimated useful lives of the associated real estate assets.
Useful Lives
(in years)
Land and Building Improvements
10-30
Manufactured Homes
10-25
Furniture, Fixture and Equipment
5
In-place leases
Expected term
Above and below-market leases
Applicable lease term
Long-lived assets to be held and used, including our investment in real estate, are evaluated for impairment indicators quarterly or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Our judgments regarding the existence

F-11

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

of impairment indicators are based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, environmental and legal factors. Future events could occur which would cause us to conclude that impairment indicators exist and an impairment loss is warranted.
If an impairment indicator exists related to a long-lived asset that is held and used, the expected future undiscounted cash flows are compared against the carrying amount of that asset. Forecasting cash flows requires us to make estimates and assumptions on various inputs including, but not limited to, rental revenue and expense growth rates, occupancy, levels of capital expenditure and capitalization rates. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded for the carrying amount in excess of the estimated fair value, if any, of the asset. For the periods presented, no impairment losses were recorded.
(d)
Acquisitions
On January 1, 2018, we adopted ("ASU 2017-01") Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business (Topic 805) . See section (o) Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements within this Note 2 for further discussion.
In estimating the fair values for purposes of allocating the purchase price, we utilize a number of sources, including independent appraisals or internal valuations that may be available in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective Property and other market data. We also consider information obtained about each Property as a result of our due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of asset acquired and liability assumed:
Land – Market approach based on similar, but not identical, transactions in the market. Adjustments to comparable sales based on both quantitative and qualitative data.
Depreciable property – Cost approach based on market comparable data to replace adjusted for local variations, inflation and other factors.
Manufactured homes – Sales comparison approach based on market prices for similar homes adjusted for differences in age or size.
In-place leases – In-place leases are determined via a combination of estimates of market rental rates and expense reimbursement levels as well as an estimate of the length of time required to replace each lease.
Above-market assets/below-market liabilities – Income approach based on discounted cash flows comparing contractual cash flows to be paid pursuant to the leases and our estimate of fair market lease rates over the remaining non-cancelable lease terms. For below-market leases, we also consider remaining initial lease terms plus any renewal periods.
Notes receivable – Income approach based on discounted cash flows comparing contractual cash flows at a market rate adjusted based on particular notes' or note holders' down payment, credit score and delinquency status.
Mortgage notes payable – Income approach based on discounted cash flows comparing contractual cash flows to cash flows of similar debt discounted based on market rates.
(e)
Intangibles and Goodwill
We record acquired intangible assets at their estimated fair value separate and apart from goodwill. We amortize identified intangible assets and liabilities that are determined to have finite lives over the period the assets and liabilities are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the Property or business acquired. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an intangible asset is not recoverable and its carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value.
The excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired (including identified intangible assets) and liabilities assumed in a business combination is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at a level of reporting referred to as a reporting unit on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

F-12

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the gross carrying amounts of identified intangible assets and goodwill were approximately $12.1 million , which is reported as a component of Other assets, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , this amount was comprised of approximately $4.3 million of identified intangible assets and approximately $7.8 million of goodwill. Accumulated amortization of identified intangibles assets was approximately $3.0 million and $2.9 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016, amortization expense for the identified intangible assets was approximately $0.1 million , $0.1 million and $0.2 million , respectively.
(f)    Assets Held for Sale
In determining whether to classify a real estate asset held for sale, we consider whether: (i) management has committed to a plan to sell the asset; (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary; (iii) we have initiated a program to locate a buyer; (iv) we believe that the sale of the real estate asset is probable within one year; (v) we are actively marketing the investment property for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current value, and (vi) actions required for us to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that any significant changes will be made. If all of the above criteria are met, we classify the real estate asset as held for sale. When all of the above the criteria are met, we discontinue depreciation or amortization of the asset, measure it at the lower of its carrying amount or its fair value less estimated cost to sell, and present it separately as Assets held for sale, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We also present the Liabilities related to assets held for sale, if any, separately on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In connection with the held for sale evaluation, if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on the consolidation financial statement, then the transaction is presented as discontinued operations.
(g)
Restricted Cash
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, restricted cash consists of $21.1 million and $17.2 million , respectively, primary related to cash reserved for customer deposits and amounts escrowed for insurance and real estate taxes.
(h)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We disclose the estimated fair value of our financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy. The valuation hierarchy is based on the transparency of the lowest level of input that is significant to the valuation of an asset or a liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
Level 1 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 - Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The carrying values of cash and restricted cash, notes receivable, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair market values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to notes receivable are limited due to the size of the receivable and geographic diversity of the underlying Properties.
Our mortgage notes payable and term loan, excluding amounts presented as Liabilities related to assets held for sale of $11.2 million as of December 31, 2018 and deferred financing costs of $26.4 million and $23.7 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, had a carrying value of $2,374.7 million and $2,193.7 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and a fair value of $2,364.6 million and $2,184.0 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The fair value is measured with Level 2 inputs using quoted prices and observable inputs from similar liabilities.
We consider our own credit risk as well as the credit risk of our counterparties when evaluating the fair value of our derivatives. Our cash flow hedge of interest rate risk is measured at fair market value with Level 2 inputs using quoted prices and observable inputs from similar assets and liabilities. See Note 9. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities for further discussion.
We also utilize Level 2 and Level 3 inputs as part of our determination of the purchase price allocation for our acquisitions as disclosed in section (d) Acquisitions within this Note 2 and Note 5. Investment in Real Estate.

F-13

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(i)
Deferred Financing Costs, Net
Deferred financing costs are being amortized over the terms of the respective loans on a straight-line basis. Unamortized deferred financing costs are written-off when debt is retired before the maturity date. Accumulated amortization for such costs was $36.6 million and $33.9 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
(j)     Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Our allowance for doubtful accounts is comprised of our reserves for receivable from tenants, Contracts Receivable and Chattel Loans (Refer to Note 7. Notes Receivable for definition of these terms). The allowance reflects our best estimate of collectibility risks on outstanding receivables. Our allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows:
December 31,
(amounts in thousands):
2018
2017
2016
Balance, beginning of year
$
5,545

$
5,378

$
6,470

Provision for losses
4,154

4,181

3,926

Write-offs
(4,469
)
(4,014
)
(5,018
)
Balance, end of year
$
5,230

$
5,545

$
5,378

(k)
Revenue Recognition
Our revenue streams are predominantly derived from customers renting our Sites or entering right-to-use contracts. Our MH community Sites and annual RV community Sites are leased on an annual basis. Seasonal Sites are leased to customers generally for one to six months. Transient Sites are leased to customers on a short-term basis. Leases with our customers are accounted for as operating leases. Rental income is accounted for in accordance with the lease accounting standard and is recognized over the term of the respective lease or the length of a customer's stay. For more information on the adoption of the new lease accounting standard, see section (p) New Accounting Pronouncements within this Note 2 for further discussion.
A right-to-use contract gives the customer the right to a set schedule of usage at a specified group of Properties. Payments are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the one-year period in which access to Sites at certain Properties are provided. Right-to-use upgrade contracts grant certain additional access rights to the customer and require non-refundable upfront payments. The non-refundable upfront payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over 20 years. On January 1, 2018, we adopted (“ASU 2014-09”), Revenue from Contracts with Customers . See section (o) Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements within this Note 2 for further discussion.
Income from home sales is recognized when the earnings process is complete. The earnings process is complete when the home has been delivered, the purchaser has accepted the home and title has transferred .
(l)    Stock Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock awards with service conditions is measured based on the grant date fair value and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the individual grants.
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock awards with performance conditions is measured based on the grant date fair value and primarily recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period of the individual grants, when achieving the performance targets is considered probable. We estimate and revisit the probability of achieving the performance targets periodically by updating our forecasts throughout the performance period as necessary.
We also issue stock options by estimating the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and recognizing over the vesting period for options that are expected to vest. We estimate forfeitures at the time of grant based on historical experience, updated for changes in facts and circumstances, as appropriate, and in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The expected volatility assumption is calculated based on our historical volatility, which is calculated over a period of time commensurate with the expected term of the options being valued. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The dividend yield assumption is based on our expectation of dividend payouts.
(m)
Non-Controlling Interests
The OP Units are exchangeable for shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis at the option of the Common OP Unitholders, which the Company may in its discretion cause the Operating Partnership to settle in cash. The exchange is treated

F-14

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

as a capital transaction, which results in an allocation between stockholders' equity and non-controlling interests to account for the change in the respective percentage ownership of the underlying equity of the Operating Partnership.
Net income is allocated to Common OP Unitholders based on their respective ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership. Such ownership percentage is calculated by dividing the number of OP Units held by the Common OP Unitholders by the total OP Units held by the Common OP Unitholders and the Company. Issuance of additional shares of common stock or OP Units changes the percentage ownership of both the Non-controlling interests – Common OP Units and the Company.
(n)
Income Taxes
Due to our structure as a REIT, the results of operations contain no provision for U.S. federal income taxes for the REIT. As of both December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the REIT had a federal net operating loss carryforward of approximately $74.1 million . In 2017, the Company utilized approximately $14.0 million of the net operating loss carryforward to offset its tax and distribution requirements. The REIT is entitled to utilize the net operating loss carryforward only to the extent that the REIT taxable income exceeds our deduction for dividends paid. Due to the uncertainty regarding the use of the REIT net operating loss carryforward, no net tax asset has been recorded as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 .
In addition, we have several taxable REIT Subsidiaries ("TRSs"), which are subject to federal and state income taxes at regular corporate tax rates. Overall, the TRSs have federal net operating loss carryforwards. Due to the uncertainty regarding the realization of these deferred tax assets, we have maintained a full valuation allowance as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 .
The REIT is still subject to certain foreign, state and local income, excise or franchise taxes; however, they are not material to our operating results or financial position. We do not have unrecognized tax benefit items.
We, or one of our Subsidiaries, file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and Canada. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2014.
As of December 31, 2018 , net investment in real estate and notes receivable had a U.S. federal tax basis of approximately $3.4 billion (unaudited) and $37.1 million (unaudited), respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , our tax treatment of common stock distributions were as follows (unaudited):
2018
2017
2016
Tax status of Common Shares distributions deemed paid during the year:
Ordinary income
$
2.137

$
1.657

$
1.471

Long-term capital gains

0.718


Non-dividend distributions


0.179

Distributions declared per common stock outstanding
$
2.137

$
2.375

$
1.650

The quarterly distribution paid on January 11, 2019 is a split year distribution with $0.487000 (unaudited) per common share considered a distribution made in 2018 and $0.063000 (unaudited) allocable to 2019 for federal income tax purposes.
(o)
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2017-01 on a prospective basis. This guidance clarifies the definition of a business and provides a screen to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities is not considered a business and, thus, is accounted for as an asset acquisition rather than a business combination. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not considered a business. Under this new guidance, transaction costs associated with asset acquisitions are capitalized, while transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred. All of the acquisitions completed subsequent to January 1, 2018 met the screen and, therefore, were accounted for as asset acquisitions and, as such, the related transaction costs of $5.8 million were capitalized for the year ended December 31, 2018.
On January 1, 2018, we adopted (“ASU 2016-18”) Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash (Topic 230) . This guidance requires companies to include restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Statement of Cash Flows. The adoption of this guidance did not have any effect on the consolidated financial statements.

F-15

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

On January 1, 2018, we adopted (“ASU 2016-15”) Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230) on a retrospective basis. This update adds or clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The retrospective adoption of this guidance resulted in the reclassification of $3.6 million and $1.1 million of insurance proceeds from Operating Activities to Investing Activities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Additionally, the retrospective adoption of this guidance resulted in the reclassification of distributions from equity method investments of $0.8 million from Operating Activities to Investing Activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 and $1.0 million from Investing Activities to Operating Activities for the year ended December 31, 2016.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09, which is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires revenue to be recognized in a manner to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. We applied the modified retrospective method to our right-to-use upgrade contracts and related commissions that were not fully amortized as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 were presented under ASU 2014-09, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported under the previous accounting standards. As a result of the cumulative impact of adopting this guidance, we recorded a net reduction to retained earnings of approximately $15.2 million as of January 1, 2018 in Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity. There have not been significant changes to our business processes, systems, or internal controls as a result of implementing the standard. See Note 10. Reportable Segments for further disaggregation of our various revenue streams by major source.
The cumulative effect adjustments resulting from the adoption of ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 were as follows:
(amounts in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017
Adjustment due to ASU 2014-09 Adoption
Balance at January 1, 2018
Assets
Deferred commission expense
$
31,443

$
8,200

$
39,643

Liabilities
Deferred revenue-upfront payment from right-to-use contracts
$
85,596

$
23,386

$
108,982

Equity
Distribution in excess of accumulated earnings
$
(211,980
)
$
(15,186
)
$
(227,166
)

F-16

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

The impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was as follows:
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
As Reported
Balances Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09 (a)
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Revenues
Right-to-use contract upfront payments, deferred, net
$
(7,380
)
$
(4,400
)
$
2,980

Total revenues
$
986,653

$
989,633

$
(2,980
)
Expenses
Right-to-use contract commissions, deferred, net
$
(813
)
$
55

$
868

Total expenses
$
765,206

$
766,074

$
(868
)
Consolidated net income
$
226,386

$
228,488

$
(2,102
)
Net income available for Common Stockholders
$
212,596

$
214,585

$
(1,989
)
Earnings per Common Share - Basic
$
2.39

$
2.41

$
(0.02
)
Earnings per Common Share - Fully Diluted
$
2.38

$
2.40

$
(0.02
)
_________________________
(a)     Represents the amounts that would have been reported under GAAP that existed prior to the January 1, 2018 adoption of ASU 2014-09.

On October 1, 2018, we early adopted ("ASU 2017-12") Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities . ASU 2017-12 provides guidance about income statement classification and eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. The entire change in fair value for qualifying hedge instruments including ineffectiveness is recorded in other comprehensive income ("OCI") and amounts deferred in OCI is reclassified to earnings in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. The new guidance also amends the presentation and disclosure requirements. The intention is to align hedge accounting with companies' risk management strategies more closely, thereby simplifying the application of hedge accounting and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedging programs. The adoption of this guidance did not have any effect on the consolidated financial statements.
(p)
New Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ("ASU 2018-15") Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract . ASU 2018-15 provides clarity on the accounting for implementation costs of a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. The project stage (that is, preliminary project stage, application development stage, or post implementation stage) and the nature of the implementation costs determine which costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which ones to expense. This update also requires the capitalized implementation costs to be expensed over the term of the arrangement and presented in the same line item in the consolidated financial statements as the fees associated with the service of the arrangement. ASU 2018-15 is effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. This guidance can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We are currently in the process of evaluating the potential impact, if any, that the adoption of this standard may have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In June 2018, the SEC issued a final rule, Inline XBRL Filing of Tagged Data, which will require the use of the Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) format for the submission of operating company financial statement information. In addition, the final rule will eliminate the requirement for operating companies to post “Interactive Data Files” (i.e., machine-readable computer code that presents information in XBRL format) on their websites. Large accelerated filers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with GAAP will be subject to Inline XBRL requirements beginning with the fiscal period ending on or after June 15, 2019. We expect to use Inline XBRL starting with the Form 10-Q for the quarter ending June 30, 2019.
In June 2016, the FASB issued (“ASU 2016-13”) Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) . ASU 2016-13 requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form

F-17

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the potential impact, if any, that adoption of this standard may have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ("ASU 2016-02") Leases , regarding the accounting for leases for both lessees and lessors. The pronouncement generally requires lessees to record a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. In July 2018, ASU 2016-02 was amended, providing another transition method by allowing companies to initially apply the new lease standard in the period of adoption, recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance sheet of retained earnings, if necessary. The lease standard amendment also provided a practical expedient for an accounting policy election for lessors, by class of underlying asset, to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease components, if certain requirements are met. The new guidance is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018.
We will adopt this new guidance on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. We will elect the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allows us to carryforward our historical lease classification, our assessment on whether a contract is or contains a lease, and our initial direct costs for any leases that exist prior to adoption of the new standard. As of January 1, 2019, we expect to recognize operating lease assets of approximately $18.0 million , net of our existing straight-line ground rent liability of $1.0 million , and corresponding lease liabilities of approximately $19.0 million related to operating leases where we are the lessee, such as ground leases and office leases. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, we will make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset to not recognize the right of use assets and associated lease liabilities.
For leases where we are the lessor, the accounting for lease components will be largely unchanged from existing GAAP and we will elect the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from lease components based upon the predominant component for these operating leases.


F-18

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements








Note 3—Earnings Per Common Share
Basic and fully diluted earnings per share are based on the weighted average shares outstanding during each year. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
2018
2017
2016
Numerators:
Net Income Available for Common Stockholders:
Consolidated net income
$
226,386

$
210,377

$
187,132

Amounts allocated to dilutive securities
(13,774
)
(12,788
)
(13,869
)
Preferred stock distributions
(16
)
(7,685
)
(9,226
)
Net income available to Common Stockholders—Basic
212,596

189,904

164,037

Amounts allocated to dilutive securities
13,774

12,788

13,869

Net income available to Common Stockholders—Fully Diluted
$
226,370

$
202,692

$
177,906

Denominator:
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding—Basic
88,964

86,997

84,778

Effect of dilutive securities:
Exchange of Common OP Units for Common Shares
5,793

6,033

7,204

Stock options and restricted stock
298

395

587

Weighted average Common Shares outstanding—Fully Diluted
95,055

93,425

92,569

Earnings per Common Share—Basic:
$
2.39

$
2.18

$
1.93

Earnings per Common Share—Fully Diluted:
$
2.38

$
2.17

$
1.92


Note 4—Common Stock and Other Equity Related Transactions
On October 26, 2018, we entered into our current at-the-market ("ATM") equity offering program with certain sales agents, pursuant to which we may sell, from time-to-time, shares of our Common Stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, up to an aggregate offering price of up to $200.0 million . The full capacity remained available for issuance as of December 31, 2018 .
The following table presents the shares that were issued under our prior ATM equity offering program:
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands, except share data)
2018
2017
2016
Shares of Common Stock sold
861,141

1,380,017

683,548

Weighted average price
$
91.45

$
87.46

$
73.15

Total gross proceeds
$
78,755

$
120,698

$
50,000

Commissions paid to sales agents
$
1,028

$
1,512

$
657

On May 10, 2016 , we amended and restated the 1997 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"). Pursuant to the ESPP, certain of our employees and directors may each annually acquire up to $250,000 of our common stock. The aggregate number of shares of common stock available under the ESPP shall not exceed 2,000,000 , subject to adjustment by our Board of Directors. The common stock may be purchased monthly at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of: (a) the closing price for a share of common stock on the last day of the offering period; and (b) the closing price for a share of common stock on the first day of the offering period. Shares of common stock issued through the ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 were 22,071 , 24,715 and 17,037 , respectively.




F-19

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 4—Common Stock and Other Equity Related Transactions (continued)

The following table presents the changes in our outstanding common stock (excluding OP Units of 5,745,966 , 5,834,100 , and 7,170,000 outstanding at December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively):
Years Ended December 31,
2018
2017
2016
Shares outstanding at January 1,
88,585,160

85,529,386

84,253,065

Common stock issued through the ATM Equity Offering Program
861,141

1,380,017

683,548

Common stock issued through conversion of OP Units
88,134

1,335,900

37,678

Common stock issued through exercise of options
202,800

220,000

440,000

Common stock issued through restricted stock grants
192,505

130,426

133,717

Common stock forfeitures

(990
)

Common stock issued through ESPP and Dividend Reinvestment Plan
22,572

25,101

17,373

Common stock repurchased and retired
(31,294
)
(34,680
)
(35,995
)
Shares outstanding at December 31,
89,921,018

88,585,160

85,529,386

During the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , we repurchased shares of common stock representing common stock surrendered to satisfy income tax withholding obligations primarily due to the vesting of restricted stock grants at a weighted average price of $96.23 , $89.02 and $72.22 per share, respectively.
As of December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , ELS' percentage ownership of the Operating Partnership was approximately 94.0% , 93.8% and 92.3% , respectively. The remaining approximately 6.0% , 6.2% and 7.7% as of December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively, was owned by the Common OP Unitholders.
The following regular quarterly distributions have been declared and paid to common stockholders and common OP Unit non-controlling interests since January 1, 2016 :
Distribution Amount Per Share
For the Quarter Ended
Stockholder Record Date
Payment Date
$0.4250
March 31, 2016
March 25, 2016
April 8, 2016
$0.4250
June 30, 2016
June 24, 2016
July 8, 2016
$0.4250
September 30, 2016
September 30, 2016
October 14, 2016
$0.4250
December 31, 2016
December 30, 2016
January 13, 2017
$0.4875
March 31, 2017
March 31, 2017
April 14, 2017
$0.4875
June 30, 2017
June 30, 2017
July 14, 2017
$0.4875
September 30, 2017
September 29, 2017
October 13, 2017
$0.4875
December 31, 2017
December 29, 2017
January 12, 2018
$0.5500
March 31, 2018
March 30, 2018
April 13, 2018
$0.5500
June 30, 2018
June 29, 2018
July 13, 2018
$0.5500
September 30, 2018
September 28, 2018
October 12, 2018
$0.5500
December 31, 2018
December 28, 2018
January 11, 2019
Note 5—Investment in Real Estate
Acquisitions
We acquired all of the following Properties from unaffiliated third parties:
During the year ended December 31, 2018, we acquired four RV communities, including Sunseekers, located in North Fort Myers, Florida, Holiday Travel Park, located in Holiday, Florida, Timber Creek, located in Waverly, Rhode Island, and King Nummy, located in Cape May Court House, New Jersey and four manufactured home communities, including Everglades Lakes, located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Serendipity, located in Clearwater, Florida, Kingswood, located in Riverview, Florida, and Palm Lake, located in Riviera Beach, Florida for a combined purchase price of $251.7 million , including $5.8 million of transaction costs. These properties contain 3,712 Sites. As a result of these acquisitions, we assumed approximately $9.2 million of mortgage debt and entered into new mortgage debt of $8.8 million . The remaining purchase price was funded with available cash, proceeds from our prior ATM equity offering program and the LOC. We also acquired two vacant land parcels adjacent to our other Properties for a combined purchase price of $ 2.8 million . Each of these acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions.

F-20

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 5—Investment in Real Estate (continued)

During the year ended December 31, 2017, we acquired Bethpage Camp Resort and Grey's Point Camp, two RV communities in Urbanna and Topping,Virginia, respectively, and Paradise Park Largo, a manufactured home community in Largo, Florida for a combined purchase price of $142.4 million . These Properties include 1,870 sites. As a result of these acquisitions, we assumed approximately $5.9 million of mortgage debt. The remaining purchase price was funded with available cash, proceeds from our ATM equity offering program and the line of credit. We accounted for our 2017 acquisitions under the acquisition method in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”).
During the year ended December 31, 2016, we acquired four RV communities, including Riverside RV, located in Arcadia, Florida, Portland Fairview, located in Fairview Oregon, Forest Lakes Estate, located in Zephyrhills, Florida, and Rose Bay, located in Port Orange, Florida for a combined purchase price of $120.5 million . These Properties include 2,377 Sites. As a result of these acquisitions, we assumed approximately $22.6 million of mortgage debt. The remaining purchase price was funded with available cash and proceeds from our ATM equity offering program. We accounted for our 2016 acquisitions under the acquisition method in accordance with ASC 805.
We engaged a third-party to assist with our purchase price allocation when necessary. The following table summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , which we determined using Level-2 inputs for mortgage notes payable, other liabilities and other assets and Level-3 inputs for the others:
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017 (a)
2016
Assets acquired
Land
$
171,111

$
82,539

$
62,489

Buildings and other depreciable property
84,019

55,903

55,445

Manufactured homes (b)
140

840

67

In-place leases (b)
9,859

2,973

4,447

Net investment in real estate
$
265,129

$
142,255

$
122,448

Other assets

229

20

Total assets acquired
$
265,129

$
142,484

$
122,468

Liabilities assumed
Mortgage notes payable
$
9,200

$
5,900

$
22,010

Below-market lease liability (c)
10,645



Other liabilities

32

2,214

Total liabilities assumed
$
19,845

$
5,932

$
24,224

Net assets acquired
$
245,284

$
136,552

$
98,244

_________________________
(a) During the year ended December 31, 2018 we finalized the purchase price allocation on the 2017 acquisitions accounted for as business combinations.
(b) Manufactured homes and in-place leases are included in Buildings and other depreciable property on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(c) Below-market lease liability is included in Accrued expenses and accounts payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.











F-21

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 5—Investment in Real Estate (continued)

Properties Classified as Held for Sale
The following table presents the assets and liabilities associated with the five Properties classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2018:
As of December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
2018
Assets
Land, building and other improvements
$
49,973

Less accumulated depreciation
(14,547
)
Net investment in real estate
35,426

Other assets
488

Assets held for sale, net
$
35,914

Liabilities
Mortgage notes payable
$
11,175

Other liabilities
1,175

Liabilities related to assets held for sale
$
12,350

Note 6—Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
During the year ended December 31, 2017, we entered joint venture agreements to acquire 49% interest in Florida Atlantic Holding, LLC ("Loggerhead") and Crosswinds Mobile Home Park ("Crosswinds") for approximately $30.0 million and $18.8 million , respectively. As part of the Crosswinds transaction, we issued a short term loan of $13.8 million to the joint venture. The loan was subsequently repaid during 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we contributed an additional $4.4 million and $0.1 million to the Loggerhead and Crosswind joint ventures, respectively.
We recorded $4.9 million , $3.8 million , and $2.6 million (net of $1.8 million , $1.5 million and $1.3 million of depreciation expense, respectively) of equity in income from unconsolidated joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. We received approximately $4.5 million , $3.8 million and $5.9 million in distributions from joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Approximately $0.2 million and $0.8 million of the distributions made to us exceeded our basis in joint ventures, and as such, were recorded as income from unconsolidated joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. None of the distributions made to us exceeded our basis in joint ventures for the year ended December 31, 2016.
The following table summarizes our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures (investment amounts in thousands with the number of Properties shown parenthetically for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively):
Investment as of December 31,
Income/(Loss) for Years Ended December 31,
Investment
Location
Number
of Sites
(a)
Economic Interest (b)
2018
2017
2018
2017
2016
Meadows
Various (2,2)
1,077

50
%
$
346

$
307

$
1,839

$
2,197

$
1,348

Lakeshore
Florida (3,3)
720

(c)

2,263

2,530

22

115

318

Voyager
Arizona (1,1)
1,801

50
%
(d)
3,135

3,205

995

891

1,014

Loggerhead
Various
2,343

49
%
35,789

31,414

1,486

230


Echo JV
Various

50
%
16,222

15,624

597

332

(75
)
5,941

$
57,755

$
53,080

$
4,939

$
3,765

$
2,605

_________________________
(a)
Loggerhead sites represents marina slip counts.
(b)
The percentages shown approximate our economic interest as of December 31, 2018 . Our legal ownership interest may differ.
(c)
Includes two joint ventures in which we own a 65% interest in each and the Crosswinds joint venture in which we own a 49% interest.
(d)
Voyager joint venture primarily consists of a 50% interest in Voyager RV Resort and 33% interest in the utility plant servicing the Property.



F-22

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements








Note 7—Notes Receivable, net
Notes receivable generally are presented at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of any allowances and unamortized discounts or premiums. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Discounts or premiums are amortized to income using the interest method.
We provide financing for nonrefundable upgrades to existing right-to-use contracts ("Contracts Receivable"). These Contracts Receivable represent loans to customers who have entered right-to-use contracts. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , Contract Receivable was $21.9 million and $19.7 million , respectively. Contracts Receivable, as of December 31, 2018, had an average stated interest rate of 16.6% , a weighted average term remaining of approximately 3.5 years and require monthly payments of principal and interest.
In certain cases, we purchase loans made by others to finance the sales of homes to our customers (referred to as "Chattel Loans"). These loans are secured by the underlying homes sold. These Chattel Loans require monthly principal and interest payments. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , we had $13.4 million and $15.9 million of Chattel Loans, respectively. As of December 31, 2018 , the Chattel Loans receivable had a stated per annum average interest rate of approximately 7.7% , with a yield of 26.5% , and had an average term remaining of approximately 10 years .
Note 8—Borrowing Arrangements
Mortgage Notes Payable
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , we had outstanding mortgage indebtedness on Properties of approximately $2,149.7 million and $1,971.7 million , respectively, excluding liabilities classified as held for sale and net of deferred financing costs. The weighted average interest rates including the impact of premium/discount and deferred loan cost amortization were 4.7% and 4.8% per annum, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The secured debt bears interest rates of 3.5% to 8.9% per annum and matures on various dates ranging from 2020 to 2041 . The debt encumbered a total of 118 Properties, excluding held for sale Properties, as of December 31, 2018 and 120 Properties as of December 31, 2017 , and the carrying values of such Properties were approximately $2,489.8 million and $2,323.1 million for December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
2018 Activity
We entered into two secured credit facilities with gross proceeds of $357.8 million , with a weighted average maturity of 14.8 years and a weighted average interest rate of 4.23% . We also closed on one loan secured by two RV communities for gross proceeds of $64.0 million . The loan has a term of 20 years and carries an interest rate of 4.83% per annum. Additionally, in connection with the Serendipity acquisition, we assumed $9.2 million of debt and obtained $8.8 million of additional financing for a total of $18.0 million , secured by the MH community. The debt carries a weighted average interest rate of 4.75% and matures in 2039 .
We also repaid $196.8 million of principal on 16 mortgage loans ( 15 due to mature in 2019 and one maturing in 2018) incurring $1.9 million of prepayment penalties. These mortgage loans had a weighted average interest rate of 6.29% per annum and were secured by 15 MH and one RV communities.
2017 Activity
We entered into a $204.4 million secured credit facility with Fannie Mae, maturing in 20 years and bearing a 3.97% interest rate. The facility is secured by five MH communities. We also closed on three loans with total gross proceeds of $146.0 million . These loans have a term of 20 years, carry an interest rate of 4.07% per annum and are each secured by a MH community. Additionally, in connection with the Paradise Park Largo acquisition, we assumed $5.9 million of debt secured by the MH community, with an interest rate of 4.60% per annum, which is set to mature in 2040.
We also repaid $227.5 million of principal on 15 mortgage loans ( 13 due to mature in 2018 and two maturing in 2017) incurring $2.7 million of prepayment penalties. These mortgage loans had a weighted average interest rate of 5.93% per annum and were secured by 13 MH and two RV communities.
2016 Activity
We closed on six loans with total gross proceeds of approximately $88.1 million . These loans have a weighted average maturity of 23 years , carry a weighted average interest rate of 4.01% per annum and are secured by four MH and two RV communities.

F-23

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 8—Borrowing Arrangements (continued)


Additionally, in connection with the Forest Lake Estates acquisition, we assumed $22.6 million of debt secured by the MH community, with an interest rate of 4.51% per annum, which is set to mature in 2038.
We also paid off five maturing loans of approximately $41.8 million in principal. These mortgage loans had a weighted average interest rate of 5.85% per annum and were secured by three MH and two RV communities.
Second Amended and Restated Unsecured Credit Facility
During the year ended December 31, 2017, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as the administrative agent, and other lenders named therein, which amended and restated the terms of the obligations owed by us under the Amended, Restated and Consolidated Credit Agreement dated as of July 17, 2014, pursuant to which we have access to a $400.0 million unsecured line of credit (the “LOC”) and entered into a $200.0 million senior unsecured term loan (the “Term Loan”). The LOC maturity date was extended to October 27, 2021, and this term can be extended an additional year in two six-month increments, subject to certain conditions. The LOC bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 1.10% to 1.55% and requires an annual facility fee of 0.15% to 0.35% . The spread over LIBOR varies quarterly based on leverage measured throughout the loan term. In 2017, we incurred commitment and arrangement fees of approximately $3.7 million to extend the LOC and enter into the Term Loan.
Unsecured Line of Credit
The LOC has no outstanding balance at December 31, 2018 and had $30.0 million outstanding as of December 31, 2017 .
Term Loan
As of December 31, 2018 , our $200.0 million unsecured Term Loan matures on April 27, 2023 and has an interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.20% to 1.90% per annum and, subject to certain conditions, may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty. The spread over LIBOR varies quarterly based on leverage measured throughout the loan term. The Term Loan contains customary representations, warranties, and negative and affirmative covenants, and provides for acceleration of principal and payment of all other amounts payable thereunder upon the occurrence of certain events of default. In connection with the Term Loan, as amended under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we also entered into a three -year LIBOR Swap Agreement (the "2017 Swap") allowing us to trade the variable interest rate for a fixed interest rate on the Term Loan. See Note 9 Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities for further discussion.
Future Maturities of Debt
Debt is classified as held for sale if the Properties collateralizing it are held for sale. Debt associated with assets held for sale is classified in the table below based on its contractual maturity although the balances are expected to be repaid immediately upon the sale of the related Properties. Aggregate annual principal payments on long-term borrowings for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
(amounts in thousands)
Held for Sale
Held for Use
Total
2019
$
157

$
54,848

$
55,005

2020
163

168,697

168,860

2021
10,881

218,337

229,218

2022

179,910

179,910

2023

341,561

341,561

Thereafter

1,410,368

1,410,368

Net unamortized premiums

994

994

Unamortized deferred financing costs
(26
)
(26,363
)
(26,389
)
Total
$
11,175

$
2,348,352

$
2,359,527

As of December 31, 2018 , we were in compliance in all material respects with the covenants in our borrowing arrangements.





F-24

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements








Note 9—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
We record all derivatives at fair value. Our objective in utilizing interest rate derivatives is to add stability to our interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in our exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.
The changes in the fair value of the designated derivative that qualify as a cash flow hedge are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently reclassified into earnings on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
Our previous swap, entered into in 2014, matured during 2017. In connection with our Term Loan, we entered into the 2017 Swap (see Note 8. Borrowing Arrangements for further discussion on the Term Loan) allowing us to trade the variable interest rate on the Term Loan for a fixed interest rate. The 2017 Swap has a notional amount of $200.0 million of outstanding principal with an underlying LIBOR of 1.85% per annum for the first three years , and matures on November 1, 2020 . Based on the leverage as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our spread over LIBOR was 1.20% resulting in an estimated all-in interest rate of 3.05% per annum.
The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instrument:
As of December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
Balance Sheet Location
2018
2017
Interest Rate Swap - 2017
Other assets, net
$
2,299

$
942

The table below presents the effect of our derivative financial instrument on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income:
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationship
Amount of (gain)/loss recognized
in OCI on derivative
for the year ended December 31,
Location of (gain)/ loss reclassified from
accumulated OCI into income
Amount of (gain)/loss reclassified from
accumulated OCI into income
for the year ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
2016
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
2016
Interest Rate Swap
$
(1,613
)
$
(869
)
$
813

Interest Expense
$
(256
)
$
300

$
1,139

We determined that no adjustment was necessary for non-performance risk on our derivative obligation. As of December 31, 2018 , we did not post any collateral related to this agreement.










F-25

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements








Note 10—Deferred Revenue Entry of Right-to-Use Contracts and Deferred Commission Expense
The components of the change in deferred revenue entry of right-to-use contracts and deferred commission expense were as follows:
As of
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
Deferred revenue as of December 31,
$
85,596

$
81,484

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (a)
23,387


Deferred revenue as of January 1,
108,983

81,484

Right-to-use contracts current period, gross
15,191

14,132

Revenue recognized from right-to-use contract upfront payments
(7,811
)
(10,020
)
Right-to-use contract upfront payments, deferred, net
7,380

4,112

Deferred revenue—upfront payments from right-to-use contracts as of December 31,
$
116,363

$
85,596

Deferred commission expense as of December 31
$
31,443

$
31,375

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (a)
8,200


Deferred commission expense as of January 1,
39,643

31,375

Deferred commission expense
4,274

4,577

Commission expense recognized
(3,609
)
(4,509
)
Net increase in deferred commission expense
665

68

Deferred commission expense as of December 31,
$
40,308

$
31,443

_________________________
(a)
The cumulative effect adjustments resulting from the adoption of ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018. See Note 2 for further details.
Note 11—Lease Agreements
The leases entered into between the customer and us for the rental of a Site are generally month-to-month or for a period of one to ten years , renewable upon the consent of the parties or, in some instances, as provided by statute. Long-term leases that are non-cancelable by the tenant are in effect at certain Sites for 17 of the Properties. Rental rate increases at these Properties are primarily a function of increases in the Consumer Price Index, taking into consideration certain conditions. Additionally, periodic market rate adjustments are made as deemed appropriate. In addition, certain state statutes allow entry into long-term agreements that effectively modify lease terms related to rent amounts and increases over the term of the agreements. As of December 31, 2018 , future minimum rents expected to be received under long-term non-cancelable tenant leases, as well as those leases that are subject to long-term agreements governing rent payments and increases are as follows:
(amounts in thousands)
Amount
2019
$
92,885

2020
92,759

2021
37,252

2022
19,561

2023
19,225

Thereafter
83,072

Total
$
344,754

Note 12—Operating Leases
We lease land under non-cancelable operating leases at certain of the Properties expiring at various dates through 2054 . The majority of the leases have terms requiring fixed payments plus additional rents based on a percentage of gross revenues at those Properties. We also have operating leases covering our office space expiring at various dates through 2026 . As leases expire, it can be expected that certain leases will be renewed or replaced in the normal course of business. For the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , total operating lease payments for rent due under ground leases and office space aggregated to $7.9 million , $7.6 million and $7.4 million , respectively.



F-26

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 12- Operating Leases (continued)

The following table summarizes our minimum future rental payments under our operating leases as of December 31, 2018 :
(amounts in thousands)
Total
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Thereafter
Office space lease
$
8,669

$
2,348

$
2,402

$
2,068

$
569

$
530

$
752

Ground lease
11,551

1,832

1,832

1,832

1,362

417

4,276

Total operating leases
$
20,220

$
4,180

$
4,234

$
3,900

$
1,931

$
947

$
5,028


Note 13—Transactions with Related Parties
We lease office space from Two North Riverside Plaza Joint Venture Limited Partnership, an entity affiliated with Samuel Zell, Chairman of our Board of Directors. Payments made in accordance with the lease agreement to this entity amounted to approximately $1.4 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 .
Note 14—Equity Incentive Awards
Our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan") was adopted by the Board of Directors on March 11, 2014 and approved by our stockholders on May 13, 2014. Pursuant to the 2014 Plan, our officers, directors, employees and consultants may be awarded restricted stock, options, including non-qualified stock options and incentive stock options, and other forms of equity awards subject to conditions and restrictions determined by the Compensation, Nominating, and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors (the "Compensation Committee").
Equity awards under the 2014 Plan are made by the Compensation Committee, which determines the individuals eligible to receive awards, the types of awards, and the terms, conditions and restrictions applicable to any award. Grants to directors are determined by the Board of Directors. A maximum of 3,750,000 shares of common stock are authorized for awards under the 2014 Plan. As of December 31, 2018 , 2,927,923 shares remained available for future grants.
Restricted stock and options under the 2014 Plan have a maximum contractual term of ten years from the date of grant and have an exercise price not less than the fair value of the stock on the grant date. Individual grants could have different vesting periods but in generally no longer than three and a half years. All restricted stock awards have non-forfeitable rights to dividend payments even if the underlying stock does not entirely vest.

On February 1, 2018, we awarded 70,250 shares of restricted stock (the “2018 Awards”) at a fair market value of approximately $5.9 million to certain members of our senior management for their service in 2018. The 2018 Awards vest over a three -year vesting period, with one-third vested on December 28, 2018 and the remaining two-thirds vesting on each of January 31, 2020 and January 29, 2021, respectively (the “Extended Vesting Portion”). One-half of the Extended Vesting Portion of the 2018 Awards is time-based vesting in equal installments on January 31, 2020 and January 29, 2021. The remaining one-half of the Extended Vesting Portion of the 2018 Awards is performance-based vesting in equal installments on January 31, 2020 and January 29, 2021, upon meeting the performance conditions to be established by the Compensation Committee in the year of the vesting period.
Additionally, on February 1, 2018, we awarded a one-time transition award of time-based restricted stock (the "Transition Awards") as a transition from our prior practice of granting annual restricted stock awards which vest in full on December 31 of the relevant grant year. On February 1, 2018, we awarded Transition Awards for 70,250 shares of common stock at a fair market value of approximately $5.9 million to certain members of our senior management. These Transition Awards are intended to mitigate the impact of a reduction in the realized pay for certain members of our senior management in 2018 and 2019 resulting from the three -year vesting period for the 2018 Awards. Two- thirds of each Transition Award vested on December 28, 2018 , and the remaining one- third will vest on January 31, 2020. The Transition Awards are not subject to performance goals. The Compensation Committee does not intend to replicate these Transition Awards in future years.
Stock-based compensation expense, reported in General and administrative on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive income, for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 was $10.0 million , $9.4 million and $9.2 million , respectively.



F-27

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 14— Equity Incentive Awards (continued)

Restricted Stock
A summary of our restricted stock activities and related information is as follows:
Number of Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Balance at December 31, 2015
85,500

$49.72
Shares granted
133,717

$68.21
Shares vested
(153,610
)
$59.85
Balance at December 31, 2016
65,607

$63.68
Shares granted
130,426

$76.25
Shares forfeited
(990
)
$80.54
Shares vested
(125,271
)
$68.79
Balance at December 31, 2017
69,772

$77.77
Shares granted
192,505

$86.01
Shares vested
(112,426
)
$81.48
Balance at December 31, 2018
149,851

$85.56
Compensation expense to be recognized subsequent to December 31, 2018 for restricted stock granted during or prior to 2018 that have not yet vested was $11.0 million , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average term of 1.2 years.
Stock Options
The fair value of stock options granted was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The following table includes the assumptions made in the valuation:
2018
2017
2016
Dividend Yield
2.5%
2.4%
2.3%
Risk-free interest rate
2.8%
1.9%
1.3%
Expected Life
5.6 years
5.5 years
6 years
Expected Volatility
16.7%
17.8%
19.8%
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
$12.95
$11.00
$10.70
No options were forfeited or expired during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. A summary of our stock option activity and related information is as follows:
Shares Subject To Options
Weighted Average
Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted Average Outstanding Contractual Life
(in years)
Average Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2015
865,600

$23.12
1.5
$37.7
Options issued
7,550

$74.53
Options exercised
(440,000
)
$25.66
$18.7
Balance at December 31, 2016
433,150

$21.44
1.7
$22.0
Options issued
6,930

$81.15
Options exercised
(220,000
)
$22.05
$14.5
Balance at December 31, 2017
220,080

$22.72
1.6
$14.6
Options issued
6,270

$89.65
Options exercised
(202,800
)
$18.85
$16.9
Balance at December 31, 2018
23,550

$73.89
7.3
$0.5
Exercisable at December 31, 2018
17,084

$68.94
6.7
$0.5
Cash proceeds received from stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 were $3.8 million , $4.9 million and $11.3 million , respectively.

F-28

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements








Note 15—Preferred Stock
Our Board of Directors is authorized under our charter, without further stockholder approval, to issue, from time to time, in one or more series, 10,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock, with specific rights, preferences and other attributes as the Board may determine, which may include preferences, powers and rights that are senior to the rights of holders of our common stock. However, under certain circumstances, the issuance of preferred stock may require stockholder approval pursuant to the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, we redeemed our 6.75% Series C Preferred Stock for $138.4 million , including accrued dividends. In connection with the redemption, we recorded expense of $0.8 million for the original issuance costs associated with the Series C Preferred Stock. The shares of Series C Preferred Stock that were redeemed now have the status of authorized but unissued preferred stock, without designation as to class or series. There were no shares of 6.75% Series C Preferred Stock issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.
The following quarterly distributions have been declared and paid to our preferred stockholders since January 1, 2016 and prior to the stock's redemption, which occurred in September 2017:
Distribution Amount Per Share
For the Quarter Ending
Stockholder Record Date
Payment Date
$0.421875
March 31, 2016
March 21, 2016
March 31, 2016
$0.421875
June 30, 2016
June 17, 2016
June 30, 2016
$0.421875
September 30, 2016
September 16, 2016
September 30, 2016
$0.421875
December 31, 2016
December 15, 2016
December 31, 2016
$0.421875
March 31, 2017
March 10, 2017
March 31, 2017
$0.421875
June 30, 2017
June 15, 2017
June 30, 2017
$0.421875
September 30, 2017
September 15, 2017
October 2, 2017
Note 16—Long-Term Cash Incentive Plan
On February 12, 2016, the Compensation Committee approved a Long-Term Cash Incentive Plan Award (the "2016 LTIP") to provide a long-term cash bonus opportunity to certain members of our management. The 2016 LTIP was approved by the Compensation Committee pursuant to the authority set forth in the Long Term Cash Incentive Plan approved by our Board of Directors on May 15, 2007. The total cumulative payment for all participants (the "Eligible Payment") is based upon certain performance conditions being met over a three -year period ending December 31, 2018.
The Compensation Committee has responsibility for administering the 2016 LTIP and may use its reasonable discretion to adjust the performance criteria or the Eligible Payment to take into account the impact of any major or unforeseen transaction or event. Our named executive officers are not participants in the 2016 LTIP. The Eligible Payment will be paid, at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, in cash upon completion of our annual audit for the 2018 fiscal year and upon satisfaction of the vesting conditions as outlined in the 2016 LTIP. The Eligible payment, including employer costs, was estimated to be approximately $4.4 million as of December 31, 2018. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we accrued compensation expense of approximately $1.2 million , $1.3 million and $1.9 million , respectively.
Note 17—Savings Plan
We maintain a qualified retirement plan under which eligible employees may defer compensation for income tax purposes under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "401K Plan"). The 401K Plan permits eligible employees and those of any Subsidiary to defer up to 60.0% of their compensation on a pre-tax basis subject to certain limits. In addition, we match 100.0% of their contribution up to the first 3.0% and then 50.0% of the next 2.0% for a maximum potential match of 4.0% . Both employee's and our matching contributions vest immediately.
Our contribution to the 401K Plan was approximately $1.7 million , $1.5 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively.



F-29

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


Note 18—Commitments and Contingencies
We are involved in various legal and regulatory proceedings ("Proceedings") arising in the ordinary course of business. The Proceedings include, but are not limited to, legal claims made by employees, vendors and customers, and notices, consent decrees, information requests, additional permit requirements and other similar enforcement actions by governmental agencies relating to our utility infrastructure, including water and wastewater treatment plants and other waste treatment facilities and electrical systems. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, our operations are subject to audit by various taxing authorities. Management believes these Proceedings taken together do not represent a material liability. In addition, to the extent any such proceedings or audits relate to newly acquired Properties, we consider any potential indemnification obligations of sellers in our favor.

F-30

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements








Note 19—Reportable Segments
Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). The CODM evaluates and assesses performance on a monthly basis. Segment operating performance is measured on Net Operating Income ("NOI"). NOI is defined as total operating revenues less total operating expenses. Segments are assessed before interest income, depreciation and amortization of in-place leases.
We have identified two reportable segments: (i) Property Operations and (ii) Home Sales and Rentals Operations. The Property Operations segment owns and operates land lease Properties and the Home Sales and Rentals Operations segment purchases, sells and leases homes at the Properties. The distribution of the Properties throughout the United States reflects our belief that geographic diversification helps insulate the portfolio from regional economic influences.
All revenues are from external customers and there is no customer who contributed 10% or more of our total revenues during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . The following tables summarize our segment financial information:
Year Ended December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands)
Property
Operations
Home Sales
and Rentals
Operations
Consolidated
Operations revenues
$
916,565

$
51,721

$
968,286

Operations expenses
(434,360
)
(48,406
)
(482,766
)
Income from segment operations
482,205

3,315

485,520

Interest income
3,374

3,898

7,272

Depreciation on real estate assets and rental homes
(120,212
)
(9,810
)
(130,022
)
Amortization of in-place leases
(7,187
)

(7,187
)
Income (loss) from operations
$
358,180

$
(2,597
)
355,583

Reconciliation to consolidated net income
Corporate interest income
253

Income from other investments, net
10,842

General and administrative
(37,684
)
Early debt retirement
(1,071
)
Other expenses
(1,483
)
Interest and related amortization
(104,993
)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures
4,939

Consolidated net income
$
226,386

Total assets
$
3,692,510

$
233,298

$
3,925,808

Capital improvements
$
94,015

$
87,607

$
181,622



F-31

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 19—Reportable Segments (continued)

Year Ended December 31, 2017
(amounts in thousands)
Property
Operations
Home Sales
and Rentals
Operations
Consolidated
Operations revenues
$
859,582

$
52,355

$
911,937

Operations expenses
(411,465
)
(47,309
)
(458,774
)
Income from segment operations
448,117

5,046

453,163

Interest income
3,048

4,192

7,240

Depreciation on real estate assets and rental homes
(110,841
)
(10,614
)
(121,455
)
Amortization of in-place leases
(2,231
)

(2,231
)
Income (loss) from operations
$
338,093

$
(1,376
)
336,717

Reconciliation to consolidated net income
Corporate interest income
340

Income from other investments, net
5,795

General and administrative
(31,737
)
Other expenses
(1,148
)
Early debt retirement
(2,785
)
Interest and related amortization
(100,570
)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures
3,765

Consolidated net income
$
210,377

Total assets
$
3,386,084

$
223,948

$
3,610,032

Capital improvements
$
76,112

$
49,938

$
126,050


Year Ended December 31, 2016
(amounts in thousands)
Property
Operations
Home Sales
and Rentals
Operations
Consolidated
Operations revenues
$
803,784

$
52,496

$
856,280

Operations expenses
(379,201
)
(47,914
)
(427,115
)
Income from segment operations
424,583

4,582

429,165

Interest income
2,894

3,888

6,782

Depreciation on real estate assets and rental homes
(106,560
)
(10,840
)
(117,400
)
Amortization of in-place leases
(3,373
)

(3,373
)
Income from operations
$
317,544

$
(2,370
)
315,174

Reconciliation to consolidated net income
Corporate interest income
63

Income from other investments, net
7,310

General and administrative
(31,004
)
Other expenses
(4,986
)
Interest and related amortization
(102,030
)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures
2,605

Consolidated net income
$
187,132

Total assets
$
3,250,205

$
228,782

$
3,478,987

Capital improvements
$
57,825

$
61,612

$
119,437


F-32

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 19—Reportable Segments (continued)

The following table summarizes our financial information for the Property Operations segment:
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
2016
Revenues:
Community base rental income
$
518,252

$
489,613

$
464,745

Resort base rental income
239,906

218,806

201,533

Right-to-use annual payments
47,778

45,798

45,035

Right-to-use contracts current period, gross
15,191

14,132

12,327

Right-to-use contract upfront payments, deferred, net
(7,380
)
(4,108
)
(3,079
)
Utility income and other
100,562

93,252

81,427

Ancillary services revenues, net
2,256

2,089

1,796

Total property operations revenues
916,565

859,582

803,784

Expenses:
Property operating and maintenance
313,003

294,119

268,249

Real estate taxes
55,892

55,010

53,036

Sales and marketing, gross
12,542

11,438

11,056

Right-to-use contract commissions, deferred, net
(813
)
(354
)
(223
)
Property management
53,736

51,252

47,083

Total property operations expenses
434,360

411,465

379,201

Income from property operations segment
$
482,205

$
448,117

$
424,583


The following table summarizes our financial information for the Home Sales and Rentals Operations segment:
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
2016
Revenues:
Gross revenue from home sales
$
36,064

$
36,302

$
37,191

Brokered resale revenues, net
1,290

1,235

1,198

Rental home income (1)
14,329

14,344

14,107

Ancillary services revenues, net
38

474


Total revenues
51,721

52,355

52,496

Expenses:
Cost of home sales
37,475

36,513

37,456

Home selling expenses
4,095

4,186

3,575

Rental home operating and maintenance
6,836

6,610

6,883

Total expenses
48,406

47,309

47,914

Income from home sales and rentals operations segment
$
3,315

$
5,046

$
4,582

_________________________
(1)
Segment information does not include Site rental income included in Community base rental income.

F-33

Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements








Note 20—Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)
2018
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Total revenues
$
246,025

$
240,502

$
256,675

$
243,451

Consolidated net income
$
64,177

$
49,169

$
59,660

$
53,380

Net income available for Common Stockholders (a)
$
60,222

$
46,137

$
56,070

$
50,166

Basic weighted average Common Shares
88,524

88,549

89,200

89,570

Diluted weighted average Common Shares
94,577

94,623

95,263

95,577

Earnings per Common Share — Basic
$
0.68

$
0.52

$
0.63

$
0.56

Earnings per Common Share — Fully Diluted
$
0.68

$
0.52

$
0.63

$
0.56

2017
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Total revenues
$
232,389

$
221,312

$
241,625

$
229,986

Consolidated net income
$
63,075

$
44,463

$
54,865

$
47,974

Net income available for Common Stockholders
$
56,888

$
39,498

$
48,525

$
44,993

Basic weighted average Common Shares
86,048

86,763

87,037

88,115

Diluted weighted average Common Shares
93,011

93,063

93,324

94,295

Earnings per Common Share — Basic
$
0.66

$
0.46

$
0.56

$
0.51

Earnings per Common Share — Fully Diluted
$
0.65

$
0.45

$
0.56

$
0.51


_________________________
(a)
The sum of the four quarterly results may not total to the full year results due to rounding.


Note 21—Subsequent Events

Equity Incentive Awards
On January 23, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved the 2019 Restricted Stock Award Program for certain members of our management team pursuant to the authority set forth in the 2014 Plan. As a result, on February 1, 2019 we awarded 61,200 shares of common stock at a fair market value of approximately $6.5 million .

Disposition Transaction

On January 23, 2019, we closed on the sale of five all-age manufactured home communities located in Indiana and Michigan, collectively containing 1,463 sites, for $89.7 million . The assets and liabilities associated with the transaction were classified as held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018. We expect to recognize a gain on sale of these properties of approximately $53.0 million in the first quarter of 2019.








F-34

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Properties Held for Long Term
Hidden Cove
Arley
AL
$

$
212

$
610

$

$
181

$
212

$
791

$
1,003

$
(315
)
2006
Apache East
Apache Junction
AZ
(5,156
)
2,236

4,181


162

2,236

4,343

6,579

(1,290
)
2011
Countryside RV
Apache Junction
AZ
(8,409
)
2,056

6,241


1,651

2,056

7,892

9,948

(4,126
)
2002
Denali Park
Apache Junction
AZ

2,394

4,016


243

2,394

4,259

6,653

(1,245
)
2011
Golden Sun RV
Apache Junction
AZ
(5,963
)
1,678

5,049


673

1,678

5,722

7,400

(3,006
)
2002
Valley Vista
Benson
AZ

115

429


182

115

611

726

(179
)
2010
Casita Verde RV
Casa Grande
AZ

719

2,179


244

719

2,423

3,142

(978
)
2006
Fiesta Grande RV
Casa Grande
AZ

2,869

8,653


1,142

2,869

9,795

12,664

(3,918
)
2006
Foothills West RV
Casa Grande
AZ

747

2,261


440

747

2,701

3,448

(1,134
)
2006
Sunshine Valley
Chandler
AZ
(23,157
)
9,139

12,912


446

9,139

13,358

22,497

(3,929
)
2011
Verde Valley
Cottonwood
AZ

1,437

3,390

19

2,629

1,456

6,019

7,475

(2,243
)
2004
Casa del Sol East II
Glendale
AZ

2,103

6,283


3,219

2,103

9,502

11,605

(4,985
)
1996
Casa del Sol East III
Glendale
AZ

2,450

7,452


1,101

2,450

8,553

11,003

(5,562
)
1998
Palm Shadows
Glendale
AZ
(5,512
)
1,400

4,218


1,470

1,400

5,688

7,088

(4,381
)
1993
Hacienda De Valencia
Mesa
AZ
(20,801
)
833

2,701


5,056

833

7,757

8,590

(5,586
)
1984
Mesa Spirit
Mesa
AZ
(17,129
)
17,382

25,238

192

(107
)
17,574

25,131

42,705

(4,020
)
2014
Monte Vista
Mesa
AZ
(21,598
)
11,402

34,355


16,921

11,402

51,276

62,678

(19,324
)
2004
Seyenna Vistas
Mesa
AZ

1,360

4,660

(87
)
3,085

1,273

7,745

9,018

(5,513
)
1994
The Highlands at Brentwood
Mesa
AZ
(13,069
)
1,997

6,024


2,285

1,997

8,309

10,306

(6,347
)
1993
Viewpoint
Mesa
AZ
(50,795
)
24,890

56,340

15

18,613

24,905

74,953

99,858

(32,466
)
2004
Apollo Village
Peoria
AZ

932

3,219


1,714

932

4,933

5,865

(3,525
)
1994
Casa del Sol West I
Peoria
AZ

2,215

6,467


2,523

2,215

8,990

11,205

(5,133
)
1996
Carefree Manor
Phoenix
AZ

706

3,040


983

706

4,023

4,729

(2,610
)
1998
Central Park
Phoenix
AZ
(12,423
)
1,612

3,784


1,861

1,612

5,645

7,257

(4,770
)
1983
Desert Skies
Phoenix
AZ
(4,763
)
792

3,126


843

792

3,969

4,761

(2,625
)
1998
Sunrise Heights
Phoenix
AZ
(5,835
)
1,000

3,016


1,796

1,000

4,812

5,812

(3,324
)
1994
Whispering Palms
Phoenix
AZ

670

2,141


411

670

2,552

3,222

(1,748
)
1998
Desert Vista
Salome
AZ

66

268


226

66

494

560

(159
)
2010
Sedona Shadows
Sedona
AZ

1,096

3,431


1,911

1,096

5,342

6,438

(3,248
)
1997
Venture In
Show Low
AZ

2,050

6,188


636

2,050

6,824

8,874

(2,886
)
2006
Paradise
Sun City
AZ
(13,142
)
6,414

19,263

11

2,652

6,425

21,915

28,340

(11,207
)
2004

S-1

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
The Meadows
Tempe
AZ
$
(16,952
)
$
2,613

$
7,887

$

$
4,510

$
2,613

$
12,397

$
15,010

$
(8,775
)
1994
Fairview Manor
Tucson
AZ

1,674

4,708


2,339

1,674

7,047

8,721

(4,582
)
1998
Westpark
Wickenburg
AZ
(8,777
)
4,495

10,517


864

4,495

11,381

15,876

(3,198
)
2011
Araby
Yuma
AZ

1,440

4,345


1,084

1,440

5,429

6,869

(2,581
)
2003
Cactus Gardens
Yuma
AZ
(6,370
)
1,992

5,984


536

1,992

6,520

8,512

(3,097
)
2004
Capri RV
Yuma
AZ

1,595

4,774


436

1,595

5,210

6,805

(2,121
)
2006
Desert Paradise
Yuma
AZ

666

2,011


336

666

2,347

3,013

(1,155
)
2004
Foothill
Yuma
AZ

459

1,402


367

459

1,769

2,228

(837
)
2003
Mesa Verde
Yuma
AZ
(4,714
)
1,387

4,148


686

1,387

4,834

6,221

(1,900
)
2007
Suni Sands
Yuma
AZ

1,249

3,759


614

1,249

4,373

5,622

(2,094
)
2004
Cultus Lake
Lindell Beach
BC

410

968

6

390

416

1,358

1,774

(625
)
2004
Soledad Canyon
Acton
CA

2,933

6,917

39

5,452

2,972

12,369

15,341

(4,718
)
2004
Los Ranchos
Apple Valley
CA

8,336

15,774


777

8,336

16,551

24,887

(4,793
)
2011
Monte del Lago
Castroville
CA
(32,542
)
3,150

9,469


4,490

3,150

13,959

17,109

(8,537
)
1997
Date Palm Country Club
Cathedral City
CA


18,179


8,006


26,185

26,185

(19,158
)
1994
Date Palm RV
Cathedral City
CA


216


497


713

713

(448
)
1994
Colony Park
Ceres
CA

890

2,837


1,303

890

4,140

5,030

(2,596
)
1998
Russian River
Cloverdale
CA

368

868

5

427

373

1,295

1,668

(530
)
2004
Oakzanita Springs
Descanso
CA

396

934

5

1,590

401

2,524

2,925

(1,013
)
2004
Rancho Mesa
El Cajon
CA

2,130

6,389


1,170

2,130

7,559

9,689

(4,899
)
1998
Rancho Valley
El Cajon
CA
(6,580
)
685

1,902


1,701

685

3,603

4,288

(2,803
)
1983
Snowflower
Emigrant Gap
CA

308

727

4

1,631

312

2,358

2,670

(681
)
2004
Four Seasons
Fresno
CA

756

2,348


1,590

756

3,938

4,694

(2,119
)
1997
Yosemite Lakes
Groveland
CA

2,045

4,823

27

3,562

2,072

8,385

10,457

(3,175
)
2004
Royal Holiday
Hemet
CA

778

2,643


3,026

778

5,669

6,447

(2,938
)
1999
Pio Pico
Jamul
CA

2,626

6,194

35

3,671

2,661

9,865

12,526

(3,934
)
2004
Tahoe Valley
Lake Tahoe
CA


5,428


974


6,402

6,402

(2,987
)
2004
Sea Oaks
Los Osos
CA

871

2,703


889

871

3,592

4,463

(2,301
)
1997
Ponderosa
Lotus
CA

900

2,100


2,264

900

4,364

5,264

(1,202
)
2006
Turtle Beach
Manteca
CA

268

633

4

1,334

272

1,967

2,239

(460
)
2004


S-2

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Wilderness Lake
Menifee
CA
$

$
2,157

$
5,088

$
29

$
2,138

$
2,186

$
7,226

$
9,412

$
(3,056
)
2004
Coralwood
Modesto
CA


5,047


1,494


6,541

6,541

(4,077
)
1997
Morgan Hill
Morgan Hill
CA

1,856

4,378

25

3,804

1,881

8,182

10,063

(2,574
)
2004
Lake Minden
Nicolaus
CA

961

2,267

13

1,329

974

3,596

4,570

(1,571
)
2004
Pacific Dunes Ranch
Oceana
CA

1,940

5,632


1,330

1,940

6,962

8,902

(3,018
)
2004
Lake of the Springs
Oregon House
CA

1,062

2,504

14

1,828

1,076

4,332

5,408

(1,681
)
2004
Concord Cascade
Pacheco
CA
(10,284
)
985

3,016


3,158

985

6,174

7,159

(4,426
)
1983
San Francisco RV
Pacifica
CA

1,660

4,973


2,380

1,660

7,353

9,013

(2,726
)
2005
San Benito
Paicines
CA

1,411

3,328

19

2,702

1,430

6,030

7,460

(2,273
)
2004
Palm Springs
Palm Desert
CA

1,811

4,271

24

1,850

1,835

6,121

7,956

(2,567
)
2004
Idyllwild
Pine Cove
CA

313

737

4

1,737

317

2,474

2,791

(839
)
2004
Las Palmas
Rialto
CA

1,295

3,866


916

1,295

4,782

6,077

(2,190
)
2004
Parque La Quinta
Rialto
CA

1,799

5,450


874

1,799

6,324

8,123

(2,903
)
2004
Quail Meadows
Riverbank
CA

1,155

3,469


854

1,155

4,323

5,478

(2,746
)
1998
California Hawaiian
San Jose
CA
(37,009
)
5,825

17,755


4,667

5,825

22,422

28,247

(14,870
)
1997
Nicholson Plaza
San Jose
CA


4,512


393


4,905

4,905

(3,521
)
1997
Sunshadow
San Jose
CA


5,707


944


6,651

6,651

(4,344
)
1997
Village of the Four Seasons
San Jose
CA
(20,926
)
5,229

15,714


1,835

5,229

17,549

22,778

(8,084
)
2004
Westwinds (4 properties)
San Jose
CA


17,616


10,550


28,166

28,166

(18,347
)
1997
Laguna Lake
San Luis Obispo
CA

2,845

6,520


1,213

2,845

7,733

10,578

(5,109
)
1998
Contempo Marin
San Rafael
CA
(38,301
)
4,787

16,379


4,171

4,787

20,550

25,337

(15,745
)
1994
Rancho Oso
Santa Barbara
CA

860

2,029

12

1,773

872

3,802

4,674

(1,421
)
2004
DeAnza Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz
CA
(11,925
)
2,103

7,201


3,955

2,103

11,156

13,259

(7,601
)
1994
Meadowbrook
Santee
CA
(24,076
)
4,345

12,528


2,903

4,345

15,431

19,776

(9,976
)
1998
Santa Cruz Ranch RV
Scotts Valley
CA

1,595

3,937


606

1,595

4,543

6,138

(1,643
)
2007
Lamplighter
Spring Valley
CA
(30,606
)
633

2,201


1,936

633

4,137

4,770

(3,196
)
1983
Santiago Estates
Sylmar
CA
(24,160
)
3,562

10,767


2,976

3,562

13,743

17,305

(8,437
)
1998
Royal Oaks
Visalia
CA

602

1,921


1,505

602

3,426

4,028

(1,844
)
1997
Hillcrest Village
Aurora
CO
(41,174
)
1,912

5,202

289

5,682

2,201

10,884

13,085

(7,706
)
1983
Cimarron
Broomfield
CO

863

2,790


1,636

863

4,426

5,289

(3,496
)
1983


S-3

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Holiday Village
Colorado Springs
CO
$

$
567

$
1,759

$

$
2,380

$
567

$
4,139

$
4,706

$
(2,785
)
1983
Bear Creek
Denver
CO
(6,225
)
1,100

3,359


746

1,100

4,105

5,205

(2,632
)
1998
Holiday Hills
Denver
CO
(53,349
)
2,159

7,780


7,721

2,159

15,501

17,660

(11,792
)
1983
Golden Terrace
Golden
CO

826

2,415


2,855

826

5,270

6,096

(3,483
)
1983
Golden Terrace South
Golden
CO

750

2,265


1,009

750

3,274

4,024

(2,094
)
1997
Golden Terrace West
Golden
CO

1,694

5,065


7,381

1,694

12,446

14,140

(6,311
)
1986
Pueblo Grande
Pueblo
CO

241

1,069


1,382

241

2,451

2,692

(1,625
)
1983
Woodland Hills
Thornton
CO
(30,583
)
1,928

4,408


3,950

1,928

8,358

10,286

(5,870
)
1994
Stonegate Manor
North Windham
CT
(6,465
)
6,011

12,336


407

6,011

12,743

18,754

(3,823
)
2011
Waterford Estates
Bear
DE
(40,453
)
5,250

16,202


2,492

5,250

18,694

23,944

(8,419
)
1996
McNicol
Lewes
DE

562

1,710


267

562

1,977

2,539

(1,289
)
1998
Whispering Pines
Lewes
DE

1,536

4,609


2,235

1,536

6,844

8,380

(5,622
)
1988
Mariners Cove
Millsboro
DE
(20,101
)
990

2,971


6,703

990

9,674

10,664

(6,873
)
1987
Sweetbriar
Millsboro
DE

498

1,527


797

498

2,324

2,822

(1,457
)
1998
Aspen Meadows
Rehoboth
DE

1,148

3,460


713

1,148

4,173

5,321

(2,785
)
1998
Camelot Meadows
Rehoboth
DE

527

2,058

1,251

4,645

1,778

6,703

8,481

(4,364
)
1998
Riverside RV
Arcadia
FL

8,400

11,905


398

8,400

12,303

20,703

(1,750
)
2016
Toby’s
Arcadia
FL
(3,435
)
1,093

3,280


667

1,093

3,947

5,040

(1,860
)
2003
Sunshine Key
Big Pine Key
FL

5,273

15,822


13,381

5,273

29,203

34,476

(9,408
)
2004
Manatee
Bradenton
FL

2,300

6,903


1,180

2,300

8,083

10,383

(3,852
)
2004
Windmill Manor
Bradenton
FL
(13,128
)
2,153

6,125


2,134

2,153

8,259

10,412

(5,266
)
1998
Clover Leaf Farms
Brooksville
FL
(33,556
)
13,684

24,106


1,442

13,684

25,548

39,232

(7,372
)
2011
Clover Leaf Forest
Brooksville
FL

1,092

2,178


300

1,092

2,478

3,570

(585
)
2011
Glen Ellen
Clearwater
FL

619

1,882


346

619

2,228

2,847

(1,145
)
2002
Hillcrest
Clearwater
FL

1,278

3,928


1,513

1,278

5,441

6,719

(3,587
)
1998
Holiday Ranch
Clearwater
FL

925

2,866


663

925

3,529

4,454

(2,279
)
1998
Shady Lane Oaks
Clearwater
FL
(5,164
)
4,984

8,482


394

4,984

8,876

13,860

(2,697
)
2011
Shady Lane Village
Clearwater
FL

3,102

5,480


236

3,102

5,716

8,818

(1,733
)
2011
Silk Oak
Clearwater
FL

1,649

5,028


466

1,649

5,494

7,143

(2,830
)
2002
Serendipity
Clearwater
FL
(17,510
)
18,944

11,782


150

18,944

11,932

30,876

(1,770
)
2018
Clerbrook
Clermont
FL

3,883

11,700


2,278

3,883

13,978

17,861

(5,706
)
2006


S-4

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Lake Magic
Clermont
FL
$

$
1,595

$
4,793

$

$
1,264

$
1,595

$
6,057

$
7,652

$
(2,804
)
2004
Orange Lake
Clermont
FL
(4,764
)
4,303

6,815


815

4,303

7,630

11,933

(2,227
)
2011
Orlando
Clermont
FL

2,975

7,017

40

6,429

3,015

13,446

16,461

(4,657
)
2004
Crystal Isles
Crystal River
FL

926

2,787

10

3,213

936

6,000

6,936

(2,140
)
2004
Cheron Village
Davie
FL
(5,075
)
10,393

6,217


248

10,393

6,465

16,858

(2,239
)
2011
Carriage Cove
Daytona Beach
FL
(17,511
)
2,914

8,682


1,882

2,914

10,564

13,478

(6,970
)
1998
Lake Haven
Dunedin
FL
(14,502
)
1,135

4,047


4,024

1,135

8,071

9,206

(5,974
)
1983
Coquina Crossing
Elkton
FL
(30,012
)
5,274

5,545


19,139

5,274

24,684

29,958

(12,163
)
1999
Colony Cove
Ellenton
FL
(102,797
)
28,660

92,457

35,859

11,306

64,519

103,763

168,282

(28,582
)
2011
Ridgewood Estates
Ellenton
FL

8,769

8,791


519

8,769

9,310

18,079

(2,786
)
2011
Haselton Village
Eustis
FL

3,800

8,955


624

3,800

9,579

13,379

(2,661
)
2011
Southern Palms
Eustis
FL

2,169

5,884


3,861

2,169

9,745

11,914

(6,122
)
1998
Bulow Plantation
Flagler Beach
FL

3,637

949


7,082

3,637

8,031

11,668

(4,764
)
1994
Bulow Village RV
Flagler Beach
FL


228


2,085


2,313

2,313

(854
)
1994
Carefree Cove
Fort Lauderdale
FL

1,741

5,170


803

1,741

5,973

7,714

(2,819
)
2004
Everglades Lakes
Fort Lauderdale
FL

53,850

18,797


7

53,850

18,804

72,654

(832
)
2018
Park City West
Fort Lauderdale
FL

4,184

12,561


1,193

4,184

13,754

17,938

(6,673
)
2004
Sunshine Holiday RV
Fort Lauderdale
FL
(9,550
)
3,099

9,286


1,666

3,099

10,952

14,051

(4,898
)
2004
Vacant Land
Fort Myers
FL

1,047




1,047


1,047


2018
Fort Myers Beach Resort
Fort Myers
FL

1,188

3,548


623

1,188

4,171

5,359

(2,090
)
2004
Gulf Air Resort
Fort Myers Beach
FL
(6,283
)
1,609

4,746


700

1,609

5,446

7,055

(2,608
)
2004
Lakeside Terrace
Fruitland Park
FL

3,275

7,165


616

3,275

7,781

11,056

(2,197
)
2011
Grand Island
Grand Island
FL

1,723

5,208

125

5,266

1,848

10,474

12,322

(5,295
)
2001
Holiday Travel Park
Holiday
FL

9,240

13,284


284

9,240

13,568

22,808

(1,593
)
2018
Barrington Hills
Hudson
FL
(4,497
)
1,145

3,437


998

1,145

4,435

5,580

(2,087
)
2004
Sherwood Forest
Kissimmee
FL

4,852

14,596


7,268

4,852

21,864

26,716

(13,609
)
1998
Sherwood Forest RV
Kissimmee
FL

2,870

3,621

567

3,570

3,437

7,191

10,628

(4,335
)
1998
Tropical Palms
Kissimmee
FL

5,677

17,116


11,839

5,677

28,955

34,632

(13,184
)
2004
Lake Worth Village
Lake Worth
FL
(6,053
)
14,959

24,501


3,037

14,959

27,538

42,497

(7,963
)
2011
Beacon Hill Colony
Lakeland
FL

3,775

6,405


318

3,775

6,723

10,498

(1,896
)
2011
Beacon Terrace
Lakeland
FL
(10,343
)
5,372

9,153


540

5,372

9,693

15,065

(2,828
)
2011
Kings & Queens
Lakeland
FL

1,696

3,064


216

1,696

3,280

4,976

(976
)
2011


S-5

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Lakeland Harbor
Lakeland
FL
$
(15,073
)
$
10,446

$
17,376

$

$
534

$
10,446

$
17,910

$
28,356

$
(5,193
)
2011
Lakeland Junction
Lakeland
FL
(3,670
)
3,018

4,752


163

3,018

4,915

7,933

(1,480
)
2011
Maralago Cay
Lantana
FL
(40,591
)
5,325

15,420


6,221

5,325

21,641

26,966

(14,035
)
1997
Down Yonder
Largo
FL

2,652

7,981


1,332

2,652

9,313

11,965

(4,765
)
1998
East Bay Oaks
Largo
FL
(9,658
)
1,240

3,322


1,689

1,240

5,011

6,251

(4,105
)
1983
Eldorado Village
Largo
FL
(6,452
)
778

2,341


1,450

778

3,791

4,569

(2,988
)
1983
Paradise Park- Largo
Largo
FL
(5,636
)
3,523

4,026


531

3,523

4,557

8,080

(759
)
2017
Shangri La
Largo
FL

1,722

5,200


378

1,722

5,578

7,300

(2,697
)
2004
Vacation Village
Largo
FL
(4,620
)
1,315

3,946


803

1,315

4,749

6,064

(2,174
)
2004
Whispering Pines - Largo
Largo
FL

8,218

14,054


650

8,218

14,704

22,922

(4,328
)
2011
Coachwood
Leesburg
FL

1,602

4,822


871

1,602

5,693

7,295

(2,637
)
2004
Mid-Florida Lakes
Leesburg
FL
(62,267
)
5,997

20,635


12,728

5,997

33,363

39,360

(22,586
)
1994
Fiesta Key
Long Key
FL

16,611

7,338


6,874

16,611

14,212

30,823

(1,974
)
2013
Pasco
Lutz
FL
(3,942
)
1,494

4,484


975

1,494

5,459

6,953

(2,575
)
2004
Coral Cay Plantation
Margate
FL
(20,260
)
5,890

20,211


8,903

5,890

29,114

35,004

(21,197
)
1994
Lakewood Village
Melbourne
FL

1,862

5,627


2,176

1,862

7,803

9,665

(5,752
)
1994
Miami Everglades
Miami
FL

5,362

6,238


666

5,362

6,904

12,266

(1,439
)
2015
Southernaire
Mt. Dora
FL

796

2,395


328

796

2,723

3,519

(1,265
)
2004
Country Place (2)
New Port Richey
FL
(19,992
)
663


18

8,018

681

8,018

8,699

(6,206
)
1986
Hacienda Village
New Port Richey
FL
(17,318
)
4,297

13,088


3,597

4,297

16,685

20,982

(8,159
)
2002
Harbor View
New Port Richey
FL
(18,615
)
4,030

12,146


955

4,030

13,101

17,131

(6,835
)
2002
Bay Lake Estates
Nokomis
FL
(11,720
)
990

3,390


2,353

990

5,743

6,733

(3,819
)
1994
Lake Village
Nokomis
FL
(16,321
)
15,850

18,099


529

15,850

18,628

34,478

(5,410
)
2011
Royal Coachman
Nokomis
FL
(10,912
)
5,321

15,978


1,728

5,321

17,706

23,027

(8,704
)
2004
Sunseekers
North Fort Myers
FL

4,224

2,299


49

4,224

2,348

6,572

(64
)
2018
Buccaneer
North Fort Myers
FL
(32,548
)
4,207

14,410


4,412

4,207

18,822

23,029

(13,560
)
1994
Lake Fairways
North Fort Myers
FL
(40,081
)
6,075

18,134

35

3,776

6,110

21,910

28,020

(16,353
)
1994
Pine Lakes
North Fort Myers
FL

6,306

14,579

21

8,545

6,327

23,124

29,451

(16,973
)
1994
Pioneer Village
North Fort Myers
FL
(13,680
)
4,116

12,353


2,613

4,116

14,966

19,082

(7,162
)
2004
The Heritage
North Fort Myers
FL

1,438

4,371

346

4,657

1,784

9,028

10,812

(6,453
)
1993
Windmill Village
North Fort Myers
FL

1,417

5,440


3,555

1,417

8,995

10,412

(7,005
)
1983
Island Vista
North Fort Myers
FL

5,004

15,066


2,432

5,004

17,498

22,502

(6,560
)
2006

S-6

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Foxwood
Ocala
FL
$

$
3,853

$
7,967

$

$
1,376

$
3,853

$
9,343

$
13,196

$
(2,674
)
2011
Oak Bend
Ocala
FL

850

2,572


1,897

850

4,469

5,319

(3,067
)
1993
Villas at Spanish Oaks
Ocala
FL

2,250

6,922


2,608

2,250

9,530

11,780

(6,901
)
1993
Silver Dollar
Odessa
FL

4,107

12,431

240

3,138

4,347

15,569

19,916

(7,389
)
2004
Audubon
Orlando
FL

4,622

7,200


623

4,622

7,823

12,445

(2,276
)
2011
Hidden Valley
Orlando
FL
(8,307
)
11,398

12,861


758

11,398

13,619

25,017

(4,012
)
2011
Starlight Ranch
Orlando
FL
(33,911
)
13,543

20,388


1,898

13,543

22,286

35,829

(6,677
)
2011
Holiday Village
Ormond Beach
FL

2,610

7,837


913

2,610

8,750

11,360

(4,517
)
2002
Sunshine Holiday MH
Ormond Beach
FL

2,001

6,004


974

2,001

6,978

8,979

(3,439
)
2004
The Meadows
Palm Beach Gardens
FL
(9,646
)
3,229

9,870


6,865

3,229

16,735

19,964

(8,730
)
1999
Terra Ceia
Palmetto
FL

965

2,905


449

965

3,354

4,319

(1,582
)
2004
Lakes at Countrywood
Plant City
FL
(9,093
)
2,377

7,085


2,783

2,377

9,868

12,245

(5,213
)
2001
Meadows at Countrywood
Plant City
FL
(20,002
)
4,514

13,175

75

10,584

4,589

23,759

28,348

(14,014
)
1998
Oaks at Countrywood
Plant City
FL
(3,715
)
846

2,513

(75
)
1,880

771

4,393

5,164

(2,282
)
1998
Breezy Hill RV
Pompano Beach
FL
(18,357
)
5,424

16,555


2,496

5,424

19,051

24,475

(9,959
)
2002
Highland Wood RV
Pompano Beach
FL

1,043

3,130

42

406

1,085

3,536

4,621

(1,871
)
2002
Harbor Lakes
Port Charlotte
FL
(18,268
)
3,384

10,154


1,241

3,384

11,395

14,779

(5,452
)
2004
Lighthouse Pointe
Port Orange
FL

2,446

7,483

23

1,911

2,469

9,394

11,863

(6,188
)
1998
Pickwick
Port Orange
FL
(18,306
)
2,803

8,870


1,678

2,803

10,548

13,351

(7,002
)
1998
Rose Bay
Port Orange
FL

3,866

3,528


487

3,866

4,015

7,881

(1,286
)
2016
Emerald Lake
Punta Gorda
FL
(4,464
)
3,598

5,197


481

3,598

5,678

9,276

(1,656
)
2011
Gulf View
Punta Gorda
FL

717

2,158


1,418

717

3,576

4,293

(1,745
)
2004
Tropical Palms
Punta Gorda
FL

2,365

7,286


2,883

2,365

10,169

12,534

(3,538
)
2006
Kingswood
Riverview
FL

9,094

8,365


720

9,094

9,085

18,179

(1,127
)
2018
Palm Lake
Riviera Beach
FL

56,323

27,418


6

56,323

27,424

83,747


2018
Indian Oaks
Rockledge
FL

1,089

3,376


1,175

1,089

4,551

5,640

(3,025
)
1998
Space Coast
Rockledge
FL

2,413

3,716


1,364

2,413

5,080

7,493

(781
)
2014
Covington Estates
Saint Cloud
FL
(9,418
)
3,319

7,253


241

3,319

7,494

10,813

(2,224
)
2011
Winds of St. Armands North
Sarasota
FL
(24,934
)
1,523

5,063


3,644

1,523

8,707

10,230

(7,141
)
1983
Winds of St. Armands South
Sarasota
FL
(16,253
)
1,106

3,162

1,744

1,489

2,850

4,651

7,501

(3,973
)
1983
Topics
Spring Hill
FL
(2,312
)
844

2,568


710

844

3,278

4,122

(1,535
)
2004
Pine Island Resort
St. James City
FL

1,678

5,044


1,382

1,678

6,426

8,104

(2,224
)
2007

S-7

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Carefree Village
Tampa
FL
$

$
6,799

$
10,421

$

$
892

$
6,799

$
11,313

$
18,112

$
(3,383
)
2011
Tarpon Glen
Tarpon Springs
FL

2,678

4,016


528

2,678

4,544

7,222

(1,341
)
2011
Featherock
Valrico
FL

11,369

22,770


962

11,369

23,732

35,101

(6,564
)
2011
Bay Indies
Venice
FL
(64,467
)
10,483

31,559

10

7,786

10,493

39,345

49,838

(29,722
)
1994
Ramblers Rest
Venice
FL

4,646

14,201


7,949

4,646

22,150

26,796

(7,816
)
2006
Countryside
Vero Beach
FL

3,711

11,133


8,110

3,711

19,243

22,954

(11,901
)
1998
Heritage Plantation
Vero Beach
FL

2,403

7,259


2,856

2,403

10,115

12,518

(7,427
)
1994
Heron Cay
Vero Beach
FL
(29,112
)
14,368

23,792


1,603

14,368

25,395

39,763

(7,173
)
2011
Holiday Village
Vero Beach
FL

350

1,374


224

350

1,598

1,948

(1,103
)
1998
Sunshine Travel
Vero Beach
FL

1,603

4,813


1,005

1,603

5,818

7,421

(2,610
)
2004
Vero Palm
Vero Beach
FL
(11,685
)
6,697

9,025


930

6,697

9,955

16,652

(2,794
)
2011
Village Green
Vero Beach
FL
(49,001
)
15,901

25,175


1,795

15,901

26,970

42,871

(8,033
)
2011
Peace River
Wauchula
FL

900

2,100


1,259

900

3,359

4,259

(1,211
)
2006
Palm Beach Colony
West Palm Beach
FL
(11,337
)
5,930

10,113

8

928

5,938

11,041

16,979

(3,192
)
2011
Parkwood Communities
Wildwood
FL
(8,913
)
6,990

15,115


898

6,990

16,013

23,003

(4,672
)
2011
Three Flags RV Resort
Wildwood
FL

228

684


559

228

1,243

1,471

(490
)
2006
Winter Garden
Winter Garden
FL

2,321

6,962


700

2,321

7,662

9,983

(2,903
)
2007
Crystal Lake-Zephyrhills
Zephyrhills
FL

3,767

6,834

110

3,697

3,877

10,531

14,408

(2,236
)
2011
Forest Lake Estates
Zephyrhills
FL
(20,549
)
40,716

33,918


594

40,716

34,512

75,228

(7,649
)
2016
Forest Lake Village
Zephyrhills
FL


537


140


677

677

(79
)
2016
Sixth Avenue
Zephyrhills
FL

837

2,518


126

837

2,644

3,481

(1,301
)
2004
Coach Royale
Boise
ID

465

1,685


112

465

1,797

2,262

(550
)
2011
Maple Grove
Boise
ID

1,358

5,151


255

1,358

5,406

6,764

(1,665
)
2011
Shenandoah Estates
Boise
ID

1,287

7,603


441

1,287

8,044

9,331

(2,171
)
2011
West Meadow Estates
Boise
ID
(7,640
)
1,371

6,770


231

1,371

7,001

8,372

(2,004
)
2011
O'Connell's
Amboy
IL
(3,707
)
1,648

4,974


2,540

1,648

7,514

9,162

(3,169
)
2004
Pheasant Lake Estates
Beecher
IL
(40,783
)
12,764

42,183


685

12,764

42,868

55,632

(9,141
)
2013
Pine Country
Belvidere
IL

53

166


2,226

53

2,392

2,445

(265
)
2006
Willow Lake Estates
Elgin
IL

6,138

21,033


9,099

6,138

30,132

36,270

(20,734
)
1994
Golf Vistas Estates
Monee
IL
(10,695
)
2,842

4,719


7,205

2,842

11,924

14,766

(7,428
)
1997
Indian Lakes
Batesville
IN

450

1,061

6

4,647

456

5,708

6,164

(1,308
)
2004


S-8

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Horseshoe Lake
Clinton
IN
$

$
155

$
365

$
2

$
633

$
157

$
998

$
1,155

$
(365
)
2004
Twin Mills RV
Howe
IN

1,399

4,186


471

1,399

4,657

6,056

(1,861
)
2006
Lakeside
New Carlisle
IN

426

1,281


229

426

1,510

1,936

(709
)
2004
Diamond Caverns Resort & Golf Club
Park City
KY

530

1,512


400

530

1,912

2,442

(790
)
2006
Gateway to Cape Cod
Rochester
MA

91

288


371

91

659

750

(269
)
2006
Hillcrest
Rockland
MA
(1,726
)
2,034

3,182


137

2,034

3,319

5,353

(997
)
2011
The Glen
Rockland
MA

940

1,680


6

940

1,686

2,626

(517
)
2011
Old Chatham RV
South Dennis
MA
(6,970
)
1,760

5,293


442

1,760

5,735

7,495

(2,448
)
2005
Sturbridge
Sturbridge
MA

110

347


727

110

1,074

1,184

(338
)
2006
Fernwood
Capitol Heights
MD
(13,429
)
6,556

11,674


1,017

6,556

12,691

19,247

(3,594
)
2011
Williams Estates and Peppermint Woods
Middle River
MD

22,774

42,575


1,435

22,774

44,010

66,784

(12,679
)
2011
Mt. Desert Narrows
Bar Harbor
ME

1,037

3,127


394

1,037

3,521

4,558

(1,267
)
2007
Patton Pond
Ellsworth
ME

267

802


181

267

983

1,250

(368
)
2007
Pinehirst RV Park
Old Orchard Beach
ME
(10,570
)
1,942

5,827


2,017

1,942

7,844

9,786

(3,110
)
2005
Narrows Too
Trenton
ME

1,451

4,408


243

1,451

4,651

6,102

(1,691
)
2007
Moody Beach
Wells
ME

93

292


721

93

1,013

1,106

(284
)
2006
Bear Cave Resort
Buchanan
MI

176

516


357

176

873

1,049

(319
)
2006
St. Clair
St. Clair
MI

453

1,068

6

704

459

1,772

2,231

(721
)
2004
Cedar Knolls
Apple Valley
MN
(14,767
)
10,021

14,357


1,129

10,021

15,486

25,507

(4,676
)
2011
Cimarron Park
Lake Elmo
MN
(19,703
)
11,097

23,132


2,145

11,097

25,277

36,374

(7,098
)
2011
Rockford Riverview Estates
Rockford
MN

2,959

8,882


729

2,959

9,611

12,570

(2,802
)
2011
Rosemount Woods
Rosemount
MN

4,314

8,932


375

4,314

9,307

13,621

(2,699
)
2011
Forest Lake
Advance
NC

986

2,325

13

998

999

3,323

4,322

(1,413
)
2004
Scenic
Asheville
NC

1,183

3,511


681

1,183

4,192

5,375

(1,601
)
2006
Waterway RV
Cedar Point
NC
(5,306
)
2,392

7,185


908

2,392

8,093

10,485

(3,779
)
2004
Twin Lakes
Chocowinity
NC

1,709

3,361


973

1,709

4,334

6,043

(1,940
)
2004
Green Mountain Park
Lenoir
NC

1,037

3,075


2,019

1,037

5,094

6,131

(1,551
)
2006
Lake Gaston
Littleton
NC

130

409


1,443

130

1,852

1,982

(366
)
2006
Lake Myers RV
Mocksville
NC

1,504

4,587


699

1,504

5,286

6,790

(2,083
)
2006
Bogue Pines
Newport
NC

1,476

2,592


56

1,476

2,648

4,124

(542
)
2015


S-9

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Goose Creek
Newport
NC
$
(14,782
)
$
4,612

$
13,848

$
750

$
2,277

$
5,362

$
16,125

$
21,487

$
(7,713
)
2004
Whispering Pines - NC
Newport
NC

3,096

5,081

1

137

3,097

5,218

8,315

(1,006
)
2015
Buena Vista
Fargo
ND

4,563

14,949


950

4,563

15,899

20,462

(4,502
)
2011
Meadow Park
Fargo
ND

943

2,907


263

943

3,170

4,113

(949
)
2011
Sandy Beach RV
Contoocook
NH

1,755

5,265


248

1,755

5,513

7,268

(2,459
)
2005
Pine Acres
Raymond
NH

3,096

2,102


402

3,096

2,504

5,600

(677
)
2014
Tuxbury Resort
South Hampton
NH

3,557

3,910


1,146

3,557

5,056

8,613

(1,725
)
2007
King Nummy
Cape May Court House
NJ

4,027

3,584



4,027

3,584

7,611


2018
Mays Landing
Mays Landing
NJ

536

289


996

536

1,285

1,821

(131
)
2014
Echo Farms
Ocean View
NJ

2,840

3,045


2,117

2,840

5,162

8,002

(832
)
2014
Lake & Shore
Ocean View
NJ

378

1,192


2,125

378

3,317

3,695

(1,285
)
2006
Chestnut Lake
Port Republic
NJ

337

796

5

1,233

342

2,029

2,371

(629
)
2004
Sea Pines
Swainton
NJ

198

625


2,016

198

2,641

2,839

(687
)
2006
Pine Ridge at Crestwood
Whiting
NJ

17,367

33,127


2,828

17,367

35,955

53,322

(10,132
)
2011
Mountain View - NV
Henderson
NV
(28,553
)
16,665

25,915


614

16,665

26,529

43,194

(7,626
)
2011
Bonanza
Las Vegas
NV

908

2,643


2,013

908

4,656

5,564

(3,796
)
1983
Boulder Cascade
Las Vegas
NV
(7,511
)
2,995

9,020


2,908

2,995

11,928

14,923

(7,775
)
1998
Cabana
Las Vegas
NV
(8,333
)
2,648

7,989


1,232

2,648

9,221

11,869

(7,081
)
1994
Flamingo West
Las Vegas
NV

1,730

5,266


2,022

1,730

7,288

9,018

(5,432
)
1994
Las Vegas
Las Vegas
NV

1,049

2,473

14

1,478

1,063

3,951

5,014

(1,441
)
2004
Villa Borega
Las Vegas
NV

2,896

8,774


1,346

2,896

10,120

13,016

(6,980
)
1997
Rondout Valley Resort
Accord
NY

1,115

3,240


1,092

1,115

4,332

5,447

(1,606
)
2006
Alpine Lake
Corinth
NY

4,783

14,125

153

3,053

4,936

17,178

22,114

(6,940
)
2005
Lake George Escape
Lake George
NY

3,562

10,708


4,791

3,562

15,499

19,061

(5,879
)
2005
The Woodlands
Lockport
NY
(44,504
)
12,183

39,687


2,569

12,183

42,256

54,439

(11,866
)
2011
Greenwood Village
Manorville
NY

3,667

9,414

484

6,618

4,151

16,032

20,183

(9,494
)
1998
Brennan Beach
Pulaski
NY

7,325

21,141


5,885

7,325

27,026

34,351

(11,245
)
2005
Lake George Schroon Valley
Warrensburg
NY

540

1,626


274

540

1,900

2,440

(646
)
2008
Kenisee Lake
Jefferson
OH

295

696

4

386

299

1,082

1,381

(426
)
2004

S-10

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Wilmington
Wilmington
OH
$

$
235

$
555

$
3

$
497

$
238

$
1,052

$
1,290

$
(380
)
2004
Bend
Bend
OR

733

1,729

10

1,536

743

3,265

4,008

(1,193
)
2004
Shadowbrook
Clackamas
OR

1,197

3,693


684

1,197

4,377

5,574

(2,966
)
1997
Pacific City
Cloverdale
OR

1,076

2,539

15

1,654

1,091

4,193

5,284

(1,885
)
2004
Falcon Wood Village
Eugene
OR

1,112

3,426


761

1,112

4,187

5,299

(2,794
)
1997
Portland Fairview
Fairview
OR

7,330

10,278


243

7,330

10,521

17,851

(1,879
)
2016
Quail Hollow
Fairview
OR


3,249


757


4,006

4,006

(2,652
)
1997
South Jetty
Florence
OR

678

1,598

9

1,078

687

2,676

3,363

(974
)
2004
Seaside
Seaside
OR

891

2,101

12

928

903

3,029

3,932

(1,338
)
2004
Whalers Rest
South Beach
OR

754

1,777

10

849

764

2,626

3,390

(1,146
)
2004
Mt. Hood
Welches
OR

1,817

5,733


4,364

1,817

10,097

11,914

(3,640
)
2002
Greenbriar Village
Bath
PA

8,359

16,941


453

8,359

17,394

25,753

(4,927
)
2011
Sun Valley
Bowmansville
PA

866

2,601


995

866

3,596

4,462

(1,021
)
2009
Green Acres
Breinigsville
PA
(37,483
)
2,680

7,479


5,407

2,680

12,886

15,566

(10,211
)
1988
Gettysburg Farm
Dover
PA

111

350


565

111

915

1,026

(245
)
2006
Timothy Lake North
East Stroudsburg
PA

296

933


792

296

1,725

2,021

(566
)
2006
Timothy Lake South
East Stroudsburg
PA

206

649


232

206

881

1,087

(314
)
2006
Circle M
Lancaster
PA

330

1,041


1,517

330

2,558

2,888

(814
)
2006
Hershey
Lebanon
PA

1,284

3,028

17

2,057

1,301

5,085

6,386

(2,063
)
2004
Robin Hill
Lenhartsville
PA

1,263

3,786


523

1,263

4,309

5,572

(1,392
)
2009
Dutch County
Manheim
PA

88

278


317

88

595

683

(189
)
2006
Spring Gulch
New Holland
PA

1,593

4,795


929

1,593

5,724

7,317

(2,697
)
2004
Lil Wolf
Orefield
PA

5,627

13,593


2,778

5,627

16,371

21,998

(4,164
)
2011
Scotrun
Scotrun
PA

153

483


503

153

986

1,139

(288
)
2006
Appalachian
Shartlesville
PA

1,666

5,044


764

1,666

5,808

7,474

(2,276
)
2006
Mountain View - PA
Walnutport
PA

3,207

7,182


426

3,207

7,608

10,815

(2,173
)
2011
Timber Creek
Westerly
RI

12,618

8,489


3

12,618

8,492

21,110

(166
)
2018
Carolina Landing
Fair Play
SC

457

1,078

6

593

463

1,671

2,134

(677
)
2004
Inlet Oaks
Murrells Inlet
SC

1,546

4,642


308

1,546

4,950

6,496

(2,047
)
2006
The Oaks at Point South
Yemassee
SC

267

810


237

267

1,047

1,314

(394
)
2006
Natchez Trace
Hohenwald
TN

533

1,257

7

1,112

540

2,369

2,909

(937
)
2004
Cherokee Landing
Saulsbury
TN

118

279

2

161

120

440

560

(191
)
2004
Alamo Palms Resort
Alamo
TX
(6,120
)
1,562

7,924


379

1,562

8,303

9,865

(2,324
)
2012
Bay Landing
Bridgeport
TX

438

1,033

6

1,671

444

2,704

3,148

(742
)
2004

S-11

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Colorado River
Columbus
TX
$

$
466

$
1,099

$
6

$
1,099

$
472

$
2,198

$
2,670

$
(689
)
2004
Victoria Palms Resort
Donna
TX
(10,354
)
2,849

12,305


2,037

2,849

14,342

17,191

(4,124
)
2012
Lake Texoma
Gordonville
TX

488

1,151

6

1,726

494

2,877

3,371

(1,062
)
2004
Lakewood RV
Harlingen
TX

325

979


424

325

1,403

1,728

(660
)
2004
Paradise Park RV
Harlingen
TX

1,568

4,705


1,131

1,568

5,836

7,404

(2,776
)
2004
Sunshine RV
Harlingen
TX

1,494

4,484


1,642

1,494

6,126

7,620

(2,823
)
2004
Tropic Winds
Harlingen
TX

1,221

3,809


850

1,221

4,659

5,880

(2,433
)
2002
Medina Lake
Lakehills
TX

936

2,208

13

1,392

949

3,600

4,549

(1,549
)
2004
Paradise South
Mercedes
TX

448

1,345


617

448

1,962

2,410

(859
)
2004
Lake Tawakoni
Point
TX

35

2,320


587

35

2,907

2,942

(1,261
)
2004
Fun N Sun RV
San Benito
TX
(5,853
)
2,533

5,560

412

6,850

2,945

12,410

15,355

(7,874
)
1998
Country Sunshine
Weslaco
TX

627

1,881


1,122

627

3,003

3,630

(1,440
)
2004
Southern Comfort
Weslaco
TX
(4,430
)
1,108

3,323


637

1,108

3,960

5,068

(1,905
)
2004
Lake Whitney
Whitney
TX

679

1,602

10

1,366

689

2,968

3,657

(1,127
)
2004
Lake Conroe
Willis
TX

1,363

3,214

18

12,488

1,381

15,702

17,083

(3,058
)
2004
Westwood Village
Farr West
UT

1,346

4,179


2,490

1,346

6,669

8,015

(4,236
)
1997
St. George
Hurricane
UT

64

264

2

603

66

867

933

(217
)
2010
All Seasons
Salt Lake City
UT

510

1,623


697

510

2,320

2,830

(1,494
)
1997
Meadows of Chantilly
Chantilly
VA
(41,303
)
5,430

16,440


8,032

5,430

24,472

29,902

(17,388
)
1994
Harbor View
Colonial Beach
VA

64

202


729

64

931

995

(277
)
2006
Lynchburg
Gladys
VA

266

627

3

633

269

1,260

1,529

(432
)
2004
Chesapeake Bay
Gloucester
VA

1,230

2,900

16

2,507

1,246

5,407

6,653

(2,159
)
2004
Virginia Landing
Quinby
VA

602

1,419

8

399

610

1,818

2,428

(831
)
2004
Grey's Point
Topping
VA
(23,165
)
33,491

17,104


459

33,491

17,563

51,054

(2,599
)
2017
Bethpage
Urbanna
VA
(38,666
)
45,415

38,149


292

45,415

38,441

83,856

(3,922
)
2017
Williamsburg
Williamsburg
VA

111

350


391

111

741

852

(247
)
2006
Regency Lakes
Winchester
VA
(9,069
)
9,757

19,055


1,924

9,757

20,979

30,736

(5,868
)
2011
Birch Bay
Blaine
WA

502

1,185

7

228

509

1,413

1,922

(648
)
2004
Mount Vernon
Bow
WA

621

1,464

8

1,758

629

3,222

3,851

(1,099
)
2004
Chehalis
Chehalis
WA

590

1,392

8

2,217

598

3,609

4,207

(1,120
)
2004
Grandy Creek
Concrete
WA

475

1,425


471

475

1,896

2,371

(669
)
2008
Tall Chief
Fall City
WA

314

946


542

314

1,488

1,802

(490
)
2010
Kloshe Illahee
Federal Way
WA
(20,306
)
2,408

7,286


932

2,408

8,218

10,626

(5,655
)
1997

S-12

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation


Initial Cost to Company
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/18
Real Estate (1)
Location
Encumbrances
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Land
Depreciable
Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
La Conner
La Conner
WA
$

$

$
2,016

$

$
1,274

$

$
3,290

$
3,290

$
(1,538
)
2004
Leavenworth
Leavenworth
WA

786

1,853

10

1,020

796

2,873

3,669

(1,208
)
2004
Thunderbird
Monroe
WA

500

1,178

6

493

506

1,671

2,177

(707
)
2004
Little Diamond
Newport
WA

353

834

5

968

358

1,802

2,160

(661
)
2004
Oceana
Oceana City
WA

283

668

4

485

287

1,153

1,440

(385
)
2004
Crescent Bar
Quincy
WA

314

741

4

557

318

1,298

1,616

(558
)
2004
Long Beach
Seaview
WA

321

758

5

503

326

1,261

1,587

(496
)
2004
Paradise
Silver Creek
WA

466

1,099

6

674

472

1,773

2,245

(715
)
2004
Rainbow Lake Manor
Bristol
WI

4,474

16,594


784

4,474

17,378

21,852

(3,734
)
2013
Fremont
Fremont
WI

1,437

4,296


1,005

1,437

5,301

6,738

(2,476
)
2004
Yukon Trails
Lyndon Station
WI

556

1,629


253

556

1,882

2,438

(885
)
2004
Blackhawk
Milton
WI

1,789

7,613


438

1,789

8,051

9,840

(1,551
)
2014
Lakeland
Milton
WI

3,159

13,830


446

3,159

14,276

17,435

(2,719
)
2014
Westwood Estates
Pleasant Prairie
WI

5,382

19,732


1,468

5,382

21,200

26,582

(4,519
)
2013
Plymouth Rock
Plymouth
WI

2,293

6,879


1,425

2,293

8,304

10,597

(2,522
)
2009
Tranquil Timbers
Sturgeon Bay
WI

714

2,152


511

714

2,663

3,377

(1,098
)
2006
Neshonoc Lakeside
West Salem
WI
(5,088
)
1,106

4,861

(1
)
175

1,105

5,036

6,141

(953
)
2013
Arrowhead
Wisconsin Dells
WI

522

1,616


596

522

2,212

2,734

(867
)
2006
Subtotal of Properties Held for Long Term
(2,149,726
)
1,365,588

2,796,978

43,244

787,543

1,408,832

3,584,521

4,993,353

(1,554,748
)
Realty Systems, Inc.




252,448


252,448

252,448

(55,727
)
2002
Management business and other


436


27,676


27,676

27,676

(21,413
)
1990
$
(2,149,726
)
$
1,365,588

$
2,797,414

$
43,244

$
1,067,667

$
1,408,832

$
3,864,645

$
5,273,477

$
(1,631,888
)
_________________________________
(1)
The schedule excludes Properties in which we have a non-controlling joint venture interest and account for using the equity method of accounting.
(2)
All Properties were acquired, except for Country Place Village, which was constructed.
(3)
Aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes is approximately $3.4 billion .


S-13

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation



The changes in total investment in real estate are as follows:
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
2016
Balance, beginning of year
$
4,915,813

$
4,685,336

$
4,477,599

Acquisitions
265,129

142,255

122,448

Improvements
181,622

126,279

119,437

Properties held for sale
(49,973
)


Dispositions and other
(39,114
)
(38,057
)
(34,148
)
Balance, end of year
$
5,273,477

$
4,915,813

$
4,685,336


The changes in accumulated depreciation are as follows:
(amounts in thousands)
2018
2017
2016
Balance, beginning of year
$
1,516,694

$
1,399,531

$
1,282,423

Depreciation expense (a)
130,022

121,455

117,400

Amortization of in-place leases
7,187

2,231

3,373

Properties held for sale
(14,547
)


Dispositions and other
(7,468
)
(6,523
)
(3,665
)
Balance, end of year
$
1,631,888

$
1,516,694

$
1,399,531

________________________
(a)
Includes depreciation from rental operations of $9.8 million , $10.4 million and $10.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.

S-14
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part IItem 1. BusinessItem 1A. Risk FactorsItem 1B. Unresolved Staff CommentsItem 2. PropertiesItem 3. Legal ProceedingsItem 4. Mine Safety DisclosuresPart IIItem 5. Market For Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases Of Equity SecuritiesItem 6. Selected Financial DataItem 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of OperationsItem 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market RiskItem 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataItem 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureItem 9A. Controls and ProceduresItem 9B. Other InformationPart IIIItem 12. Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder MattersPart IVItem 15. Exhibits, Financial Statements SchedulesItem 16. Form 10-k SummaryNote 1 OrganizationNote 2 Summary Of Significant Accounting PoliciesNote 2 Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)Note 3 Earnings Per Common ShareNote 4 Common Stock and Other Equity Related TransactionsNote 4 Common Stock and Other Equity Related Transactions (continued)Note 5 Investment in Real EstateNote 5 Investment in Real Estate (continued)Note 6 Investment in Unconsolidated Joint VenturesNote 7 Notes Receivable, NetNote 8 Borrowing ArrangementsNote 8 Borrowing Arrangements (continued)Note 9 Derivative Instruments and Hedging ActivitiesNote 10 Deferred Revenue Entry Of Right-to-use Contracts and Deferred Commission ExpenseNote 11 Lease AgreementsNote 12 Operating LeasesNote 12- Operating Leases (continued)Note 13 Transactions with Related PartiesNote 14 Equity Incentive AwardsNote 14 Equity Incentive Awards (continued)Note 15 Preferred StockNote 16 Long-term Cash Incentive PlanNote 17 Savings PlanNote 18 Commitments and ContingenciesNote 19 Reportable SegmentsNote 19 Reportable Segments (continued)Note 20 Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)Note 21 Subsequent Events

Exhibits

3.1(a) Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Equity Lifestyle Properties, Inc. effective May 15, 2007 3.2(b) Articles of Amendment of Equity Lifestyle Properties, Inc, effective November 26, 2013 3.3(c) Second Amended and Restated Bylaws effective August 8, 2007 3.4(d) First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective as of February 27, 2018 4.1(e) Form of Specimen Stock Certificate Evidencing the Common Stock of Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc., par value $0.01 per share 10.3(h) Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership for MHC Operating Limited Partnership effective as of December 31, 2013 10.4(i) Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan effective May 13, 2014 (the "Plan") 10.5(j) Amended and Restated Equity Lifestyle Properties, Inc. 1997 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan, effective May 10, 2016 10.6(k) Form of Indemnification Agreement 10.8(l) Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2017, by and among MHC Operating Limited Partnership, as Borrower, Equity Lifestyle Properties, Inc., as Parent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and each of the Lenders set forth therein 10.10(l) Second Amended and Restated Guaranty dated as of October 27, 2017 by Equity Lifestyle Properties, Inc. in favor of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association 10.11(m) Equity Distribution Agreement, dated October 26, 2018, by and among Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc., MHC Operating Limited Partnership and Goldman Sachs & Co., LLC 10.12(m) Equity Distribution Agreement, dated October 26, 2018, by and among Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc., MHC Operating Limited Partnership and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated 10.13(m) Equity Distribution Agreement, dated October 26, 2018, by and among Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc., MHC Operating Limited Partnership and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc 10.14(m) Equity Distribution Agreement, dated October 26, 2018, by and among Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc., MHC Operating Limited Partnership and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC 10.15(m) Equity Distribution Agreement, dated October 26, 2018, by and among Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc., MHC Operating Limited Partnership and Morgan Stanley & Co., LLC 10.16(n) Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement for the Plan 10.17(n) Form of Option Award Agreement for the Plan 14(o) Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc. Business Ethics and Conduct Policy, dated October 31, 2017 21(p) Subsidiaries of the Registrant 23(p) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 24.1(p) Power of Attorney for Philip Calian dated February 26, 2019 24.2(p) Power of Attorney for David Contis dated February 26, 2019 24.3(p) Power of Attorney for Constance Freedman dated February 26, 2019 24.4(p) Power of Attorney for Thomas Heneghan dated February 26, 2019 24.5(p) Power of Attorney for Tao Huang dated February 26, 2019 24.6(p) Power of Attorney for Scott Peppet dated February 26, 2019 24.7(p) Power of Attorney for Sheli Rosenberg dated February 26, 2019 24.8(p) Power of Attorney for Samuel Zell dated February 26, 2019 31.1(p) Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant To Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002 31.2(p) Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant To Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002 32.1(p) Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 32.2(p) Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350