F 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2018

FORD MOTOR CO

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10-Q 1 f0930201810-q.htm 10-Q Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q



(Mark One)
þ	Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

	For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

or

o	Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

	For the transition period from __________ to __________

	Commission file number 1-3950

Ford Motor Company

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	38-0549190
(State of incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One American Road, Dearborn, Michigan	48126
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

313-322-3000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ

As of October 19, 2018, Ford had outstanding 3,907,051,309 shares of Common Stock and 70,852,076 shares of Class B Stock.

Exhibit Index begins on page

FORD MOTOR COMPANY

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2018



	Table of Contents	Page
	Part I - Financial Information
Item 1	Financial Statements	1
	Consolidated Income Statement	1
	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheet	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	3
	Consolidated Statement of Equity	4
	Notes to the Financial Statements	5
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
	Overview	29
	Results of Operations	31
	Automotive Segment	33
	Mobility Segment	42
	Ford Credit Segment	43
	Corporate Other	46
	Interest on Debt	46
	Special Items	46
	Taxes	47
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	48
	Credit Ratings	56
	Outlook	57
	Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations	58
	Supplemental Information	61
	Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements	65
	Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted	66
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	66
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	66

	Part II - Other Information
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	67
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	67
Item 6	Exhibits	67
	Signature	68

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements.

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

(in millions, except per share amounts)



	For the periods ended September 30,
	2017		2018			2017		2018
	Third Quarter					First Nine Months
	(unaudited)
Revenues
Automotive	$	33,646	$	34,660		$	107,234	$	109,577
Ford Credit	2,802		2,998			8,209		8,950
Mobility	3		8			7		18
Total revenues (Note 3)	36,451		37,666			115,450		118,545

Costs and expenses
Cost of sales	30,275		31,568			96,317		100,515
Selling, administrative, and other expenses	2,919		2,882			8,439		8,407
Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses	2,259		2,352			6,680		7,052
Total costs and expenses	35,453		36,802			111,436		115,974

Interest expense on Automotive debt	284		328			840		890
Interest expense on Other debt	14		15			42		43

Other income/(loss), net (Note 4)	754		605			2,220		2,472
Equity in net income of affiliated companies	316		(32		)	935		252
Income before income taxes	1,770		1,094			6,287		4,362
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes	191		101			1,054		555
Net income	1,579		993			5,233		3,807
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	7		2			22		14
Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company	$	1,572	$	991		$	5,211	$	3,793

EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY COMMON AND CLASS B STOCK (Note 6)
Basic income	$	0.40	$	0.25		$	1.31	$	0.95
Diluted income	0.39		0.25			1.30		0.95

Cash dividends declared	0.15		0.15			0.50		0.58

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in millions)



	For the periods ended September 30,
	2017			2018			2017			2018
	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	(unaudited)
Net income	$	1,579		$	993		$	5,233		$	3,807
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (Note 16)
Foreign currency translation	102			(134		)	427			(434		)
Marketable securities	(1		)	(2		)	2			(57		)
Derivative instruments	(171		)	(103		)	(201		)	(18		)
Pension and other postretirement benefits	27			13			24			38
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(43		)	(226		)	252			(471		)
Comprehensive income	1,536			767			5,485			3,336
Less: Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	7			1			20			13
Comprehensive income attributable to Ford Motor Company	$	1,529		$	766		$	5,465		$	3,323

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(in millions)



	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 7)	$	18,492		$	18,562
Marketable securities (Note 7)	20,435			17,780
Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 8)	52,210			50,818
Trade and other receivables, less allowances of $392 and $368	10,599			11,244
Inventories (Note 10)	11,176			12,810
Other assets	3,889			3,629
Total current assets	116,801			114,843

Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 8)	56,182			57,043
Net investment in operating leases	28,235			29,540
Net property	35,327			35,762
Equity in net assets of affiliated companies	3,085			2,858
Deferred income taxes	10,762			10,553
Other assets	8,104			8,367
Total assets	$	258,496		$	258,966

LIABILITIES
Payables	$	23,282		$	23,273
Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 12)	19,697			20,714
Automotive debt payable within one year (Note 14)	3,356			3,216
Ford Credit debt payable within one year (Note 14)	48,265			47,547
Total current liabilities	94,600			94,750

Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 12)	24,711			24,228
Automotive long-term debt (Note 14)	12,575			11,448
Ford Credit long-term debt (Note 14)	89,492			90,620
Other long-term debt (Note 14)	599			600
Deferred income taxes	815			602
Total liabilities	222,792			222,248

Redeemable noncontrolling interest	98			99

EQUITY
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share (3,999 million shares issued of 6 billion authorized)	40			40
Class B Stock, par value $.01 per share (71 million shares issued of 530 million authorized)	1			1
Capital in excess of par value of stock	21,843			22,011
Retained earnings	21,906			23,384
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (Note 16)	(6,959		)	(7,429		)
Treasury stock	(1,253		)	(1,417		)
Total equity attributable to Ford Motor Company	35,578			36,590
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests	28			29
Total equity	35,606			36,619
Total liabilities and equity	$	258,496		$	258,966



The following table includes assets to be used to settle liabilities of the consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”). These assets and liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheet above.
	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,479	$	2,746
Ford Credit finance receivables, net	56,250		56,412
Net investment in operating leases	11,503		12,441
Other assets	64		55
LIABILITIES
Other liabilities and deferred revenue	$	2	$	2
Debt	46,437		50,564

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(in millions)



	For the periods ended September 30,
	2017			2018
	First Nine Months
	(unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	$	14,949		$	13,665

Cash flows from investing activities
Capital spending	(4,936		)	(5,669		)
Acquisitions of finance receivables and operating leases	(43,054		)	(48,227		)
Collections of finance receivables and operating leases	32,988			38,418
Purchases of marketable and other securities	(20,550		)	(14,547		)
Sales and maturities of marketable and other securities	22,953			17,341
Settlements of derivatives	62			290
Other	12			(201		)
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	(12,525		)	(12,595		)

Cash flows from financing activities
Cash dividends	(1,988		)	(2,308		)
Purchases of common stock	(131		)	(164		)
Net changes in short-term debt	1,899			(1,268		)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	30,557			37,211
Principal payments on long-term debt	(31,378		)	(33,935		)
Other	(124		)	(184		)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	(1,165		)	(648		)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	442			(305		)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	1,701		$	117

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at January 1 (Note 7)	$	16,019		$	18,638
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	1,701			117
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at September 30 (Note 7)	$	17,720		$	18,755

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(in millions, unaudited)



	Equity Attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Capital Stock		Cap. in Excess of Par Value of Stock		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Note 16)			Treasury Stock			Total			Equity Attributable to Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	41	$	21,630	$	16,193		$	(7,013	)	$	(1,122	)	$	29,729		$	17		$	29,746
Adoption of accounting standards	—		6		566			—			—			572			—			572
Net income	—		—		5,211			—			—			5,211			22			5,233
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	—		—		—			254			—			254			(2		)	252
Common stock issued (including share-based compensation impacts)	—		168		—			—			—			168			—			168
Treasury stock/other	—		—		—			—			(131		)	(131		)	(1		)	(132		)
Cash dividends declared	—		—		(1,988		)	—			—			(1,988		)	(11		)	(1,999		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	41	$	21,804	$	19,982		$	(6,759	)	$	(1,253	)	$	33,815		$	25		$	33,840

Balance at December 31, 2017	$	41	$	21,843	$	21,906		$	(6,959	)	$	(1,253	)	$	35,578		$	28		$	35,606
Net income	—		—		3,793			—			—			3,793			14			3,807
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	—		—		—			(470		)	—			(470		)	(1		)	(471		)
Common stock issued (including share-based compensation impacts)	—		168		—			—			—			168			—			168
Treasury stock/other	—		—		—			—			(164		)	(164		)	—			(164		)
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared	—		—		(2,315		)	—			—			(2,315		)	(12		)	(2,327		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	41	$	22,011	$	23,384		$	(7,429	)	$	(1,417	)	$	36,590		$	29		$	36,619

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents



Footnote		Page
Note 1	Presentation	6
Note 2	New Accounting Standards	7
Note 3	Revenue	8
Note 4	Other Income/(Loss)	10
Note 5	Income Taxes	11
Note 6	Capital Stock and Earnings Per Share	11
Note 7	Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities	12
Note 8	Ford Credit Finance Receivables	15
Note 9	Ford Credit Allowance for Credit Losses	18
Note 10	Inventories	19
Note 11	Goodwill	19
Note 12	Other Liabilities and Deferred Revenue	19
Note 13	Retirement Benefits	20
Note 14	Debt	21
Note 15	Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities	22
Note 16	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	24
Note 17	Commitments and Contingencies	25
Note 18	Segment Information	27

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. PRESENTATION

For purposes of this report, “Ford,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar references mean Ford Motor Company, our consolidated subsidiaries, and our consolidated VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary, unless the context requires otherwise. We also make reference to Ford Motor Credit Company LLC, herein referenced to as Ford Credit. Our financial statements are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information, instructions to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.

In the opinion of management, these unaudited financial statements reflect a fair statement of our results of operations and financial condition for the periods, and at the dates, presented. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. Reference should be made to the financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K Report”). We reclassified certain prior year amounts in our consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Change in Presentation

Effective January 1, 2018, we changed our reportable segments to reflect the manner in which we now manage our business. Based on changes to our organization structure and how our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) reviews operating results and makes decisions about resource allocation, we now have three reportable segments that represent the primary businesses reported in our consolidated financial statements: Automotive, Mobility, and Ford Credit. See Note 18 for a description of our segment presentation.

Change in Accounting

We carry inventory on our consolidated balance sheet that is comprised of finished products, raw materials, work-in-process, and supplies. As of January 1, 2018, we changed our accounting method for U.S. inventories to a first-in, first-out basis from a last-in, first-out basis. We believe this change in accounting method is preferable as it is consistent with how we manage our business, results in a uniform method to value our inventory across all regions in our business, and improves comparability with our peers. The effect of this change was immaterial on our consolidated income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flow amounts for the interim period ended September 30, 2018 .

We have retrospectively applied this change in accounting method to all prior periods. As of December 31, 2016, the cumulative effect of the change increased Retained earnings by $559 million .

The effect of this change on our consolidated financial statements was as follows (in millions except for per share amounts):



	For the periods ended September 30, 2017
	Third Quarter							First Nine Months
	Previously Reported		As Revised		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)			Previously Reported		As Revised		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Income Statement

Cost of Sales	$	30,288	$	30,275	$	(13	)	$	96,345	$	96,317	$	(28	)
Income before income taxes	1,757		1,770		13			6,259		6,287		28
Provision for/ (Benefit from) income taxes	186		191		5			1,044		1,054		10
Net income	1,571		1,579		8			5,215		5,233		18
Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company	1,564		1,572		8			5,193		5,211		18
Basic earnings per share attributable to Ford Motor Company	0.39		0.40		0.01			1.31		1.31		—
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Ford Motor Company	0.39		0.39		—			1.30		1.30		—



	December 31, 2017
	Previously Reported		As Revised		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Balance Sheet

Inventories	$	10,277	$	11,176	$	899
Deferred income taxes (assets)	10,973		10,762		(211		)
Retained earnings	21,218		21,906		688

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. PRESENTATION (Continued)

Argentina

In June 2018, Argentina was classified as having a highly inflationary economy due to the three-year cumulative consumer price index exceeding 100% . As a result, we changed the functional currency for our operations in Argentina from the Argentine peso to the U.S. dollar as of July 1, 2018.

NOTE 2. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging. On January 1, 2018, we adopted the amendments to Accounting Standards Codification 815 which aligns hedge accounting with risk management activities and simplifies the requirements to qualify for hedge accounting. Adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements. We continue to assess opportunities enabled by the new standard to expand our risk management strategies.

ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-01 and the related amendments. This standard amends various aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. We adopted the measurement alternative for equity investments without readily determinable fair values (often referred to as cost method investments) on a prospective basis. As a result, these investments will be revalued upon occurrence of an observable price change for similar investments and for impairments. We anticipate adoption may increase the volatility on our consolidated income statement.

We also adopted the following ASUs during 2018 , none of which had a material impact to our financial statements or financial statement disclosures:



ASU		Effective Date
2017-08	Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs - Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities	January 1, 2018
2016-18	Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash	January 1, 2018
2016-16	Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory	January 1, 2018
2016-15	Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments	January 1, 2018

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

The following represent the standards that will, or are expected to, result in a significant change in practice and/or have a significant financial impact to Ford.

ASU 2016-13, Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments . In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new accounting standard which replaces the current incurred loss impairment method with a method that reflects expected credit losses. We plan to adopt the new standard on its effective date of January 1, 2020, by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of Retained earnings . We anticipate adoption will increase the amount of expected credit losses reported in Ford Credit finance receivables, net on our consolidated balance sheet and do not expect a material impact to our consolidated income statement.

ASU 2016-02, Leases . In February 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard which provides guidance on the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of leases. The new standard supersedes the present U.S. GAAP standard on leases and requires substantially all leases to be reported on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease obligations. We plan to adopt the new standard on its effective date of January 1, 2019. We anticipate adoption of the standard will add approximately $1 billion in right-of-use assets and lease obligations to our consolidated balance sheet and will not significantly impact results. We plan to elect the practical expedients upon transition that will retain the lease classification and initial direct costs for any leases that exist prior to adoption of the standard. We will not reassess whether any contracts entered into prior to adoption are leases. We are in the process of cataloging our existing lease contracts and implementing changes to our systems.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3. REVENUE

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source for the periods ended September 30 (in millions):



	Third Quarter 2017
	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories	$	32,401	$	—	$	—	$	32,401
Used vehicles	606		—		—		606
Extended service contracts	314		—		—		314
Other revenue	197		3		55		255
Revenues from sales and services	33,518		3		55		33,576

Leasing income	128		—		1,395		1,523
Financing income	—		—		1,314		1,314
Insurance income	—		—		38		38
Total revenues	$	33,646	$	3	$	2,802	$	36,451

	Third Quarter 2018
	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories	$	33,352	$	—	$	—	$	33,352
Used vehicles	620		—		—		620
Extended service contracts	333		—		—		333
Other revenue	201		8		53		262
Revenues from sales and services	34,506		8		53		34,567

Leasing income	154		—		1,463		1,617
Financing income	—		—		1,443		1,443
Insurance income	—		—		39		39
Total revenues	$	34,660	$	8	$	2,998	$	37,666



	First Nine Months 2017
	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories	$	103,143	$	—	$	—	$	103,143
Used vehicles	2,187		—		—		2,187
Extended service contracts	921		—		—		921
Other revenue	623		7		159		789
Revenues from sales and services	106,874		7		159		107,040

Leasing income	360		—		4,142		4,502
Financing income	—		—		3,788		3,788
Insurance income	—		—		120		120
Total revenues	$	107,234	$	7	$	8,209	$	115,450

	First Nine Months 2018
	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories	$	105,338	$	—	$	—	$	105,338
Used vehicles	2,203		—		—		2,203
Extended service contracts	990		—		—		990
Other revenue	630		18		166		814
Revenues from sales and services	109,161		18		166		109,345

Leasing income	416		—		4,321		4,737
Financing income	—		—		4,340		4,340
Insurance income	—		—		123		123
Total revenues	$	109,577	$	18	$	8,950	$	118,545

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3. REVENUE (Continued)

Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with our customer are satisfied; generally this occurs with the transfer of control of our vehicles, parts, accessories, or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales, value add, and other taxes we collect concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense. The expected costs associated with our base warranties continue to be recognized as expense when the products are sold. We recognize revenue for vehicle service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranties over the life of the contract. We do not have any material significant payment terms as payment is received at or shortly after the point of sale.

Automotive Segment

Vehicles, Parts, and Accessories. For the majority of vehicles, parts, and accessories, we transfer control and recognize a sale when we ship the product from our manufacturing facility to our customer (dealers and distributors). We receive cash equal to the invoice price for most vehicle sales at the time of wholesale. When the vehicle sale is financed by our wholly-owned subsidiary Ford Credit, the dealer pays Ford Credit when it sells the vehicle to the retail customer. Payment terms on part sales to dealers, distributors, and retailers range from 30 days to 120 days. The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize varies with changes in marketing incentives and returns we offer to our customers and their customers. When we give our dealers the right to return eligible parts and accessories, we estimate the expected returns based on an analysis of historical experience. We adjust our estimate of revenue at the earlier of when the most likely amount of consideration we expect to receive changes or when the consideration becomes fixed. As a result, we recorded a decrease related to revenue recognized in prior periods of $182 million and $240 million in the third quarter of 2017 and 2018 , respectively.

Depending on the terms of the arrangement, we may also defer the recognition of a portion of the consideration received because we have to satisfy a future obligation (e.g., free extended service contracts). We use an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations or a cost plus margin approach when one is not available. We have elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control over vehicles, parts, or accessories have transferred to the customer as an expense in Cost of sales .

We sell vehicles to daily rental companies and guarantee that we will pay them the difference between an agreed amount and the value they are able to realize upon resale. At the time of transfer of vehicles to the daily rental companies, we record the probable amount we will pay under the guarantee to Other liabilities and deferred revenue.

Used Vehicles. We sell used vehicles both at auction and through our consolidated dealerships. Proceeds from the sale of these vehicles are recognized in Automotive revenues upon transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer and the related vehicle carrying value is recognized in Cost of sales .

Extended Service Contracts. We sell separately-priced service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranty agreements to vehicle owners. The separately priced service contracts range from 12 months to 120 months . We receive payment at contract inception and recognize revenue over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs we expect to incur in satisfying the contract obligations. At January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017, $3.5 billion and $3.8 billion , respectively, of unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts was reported in Other liabilities and deferred revenue. We recognized $256 million and $262 million of the unearned amounts as revenue during the third quarter of 2017 and 2018 , respectively, and $797 million and $829 million in the first nine months of 2017 and 2018 , respectively. At September 30, 2018 , the unearned amount was $4 billion . We expect to recognize approximately $300 million of the unearned amount in the remainder of 2018 , $1.1 billion in 2019 , and $2.6 billion thereafter.

We record a premium deficiency reserve to the extent we estimate the future costs associated with these contracts exceed the unrecognized revenue. Amounts paid to dealers to obtain these contracts are deferred and recorded as Other assets . These costs are amortized to expense consistent with how the related revenue is recognized. We had a balance of $232 million and $242 million in deferred costs as of December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , respectively. Amortization of $17 million and $18 million was recognized during the third quarter of 2017 and 2018 , respectively, and $46 million and $55 million in the first nine months of 2017 and 2018 , respectively.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3. REVENUE (Continued)

Other Revenue. Other revenue consists primarily of net commissions received for serving as the agent in facilitating the sale of a third party’s products or services to our customers and payments for vehicle - related design and testing services we perform for others. We have applied the practical expedient to recognize Automotive revenues for vehicle-related design and testing services over the two to three year term of these agreements in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice.

Leasing Income. We sell vehicles to daily rental companies with an obligation to repurchase the vehicles for a guaranteed amount, exercisable at the option of the customer. The transactions are accounted for as operating leases. Upon the transfer of vehicles to the daily rental companies, we record proceeds received in Other liabilities and deferred revenue. The difference between the proceeds received and the guaranteed repurchase amount is recorded in Automotive revenues over the term of the lease using a straight-line method. The cost of the vehicle is recorded in Net investment in operating leases on our consolidated balance sheet and the difference between the cost of the vehicle and the estimated auction value is depreciated in Cost of sales over the term of the lease.

Ford Credit Segment

Leasing Income. Ford Credit offers leasing plans to retail consumers through Ford and Lincoln brand dealers who originate the leases. Ford Credit records an operating lease upon purchase of a vehicle subject to a lease from the dealer. The retail consumer makes lease payments representing the difference between Ford Credit’s purchase price of the vehicle and the contractual residual value of the vehicle, plus lease fees that we recognize on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. Depreciation and the gain or loss upon disposition of the vehicle is recorded in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses .

Financing Income. Ford Credit originates and purchases finance installment contracts. Financing income represents interest earned on the finance receivables (including direct financing leases). Interest is recognized using the interest method, and includes the amortization of certain direct origination costs.

Insurance Income. Income from insurance contracts is recognized evenly over the term of the agreement. Insurance commission revenue is recognized on a net basis at the time of sale of the third party’s product or service to our customer.

NOTE 4. OTHER INCOME/(LOSS)

The amounts included in other income/(loss) , net for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2017			2018			2017			2018
Net periodic pension and other postretirement employee benefits (OPEB) income/(cost), excluding service cost	$	365		$	378		$	1,144		$	1,284
Investment-related interest income	124			169			325			482
Interest income/(expense) on income taxes	(2		)	(5		)	(1		)	28
Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other securities	(13		)	(76		)	14			136
Gains/(Losses) on changes in investments in affiliates	(21		)	(14		)	(23		)	44
Royalty income	171			115			475			387
Other	130			38			286			111
Total	$	754		$	605		$	2,220		$	2,472

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 5. INCOME TAXES

For interim tax reporting, we estimate one single effective tax rate for tax jurisdictions not subject to a valuation allowance, which is applied to the year-to-date ordinary income/(loss). Tax effects of significant unusual or infrequently occurring items are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate calculation and recognized in the interim period in which they occur.

For the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 , our effective tax rates were 9.2% and 12.7% , respectively. During the third quarter of 2018, we recognized $101 million of benefit from settlements of tax controversies in various jurisdictions. In addition, during the first quarter of 2018, we recognized $235 million of benefit for non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards expected to be realized in the foreseeable future.

NOTE 6. CAPITAL STOCK AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings Per Share Attributable to Ford Motor Company Common and Class B Stock

Basic and diluted income per share were calculated using the following (in millions):



	Third Quarter				First Nine Months
	2017		2018		2017		2018
Basic and Diluted Income Attributable to Ford Motor Company
Basic income	$	1,572	$	991	$	5,211	$	3,793
Diluted income	1,572		991		5,211		3,793

Basic and Diluted Shares
Basic shares (average shares outstanding)	3,972		3,976		3,975		3,976
Net dilutive options, unvested restricted stock units, and restricted stock	24		24		21		23
Diluted shares	3,996		4,000		3,996		3,999

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The fair values of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):



		December 31, 2017
	Fair Value Level	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents
U.S. government	1	$	913	$	—	$	—	$	913
U.S. government agencies	2	433		—		300		733
Non-U.S. government and agencies	2	—		—		703		703
Corporate debt	2	55		—		25		80
Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents		1,401		—		1,028		2,429
Cash, time deposits, and money market funds		7,529		4		8,530		16,063
Total cash and cash equivalents		$	8,930	$	4	$	9,558	$	18,492

Marketable securities
U.S. government	1	$	5,580	$	—	$	966	$	6,546
U.S. government agencies	2	2,484		—		384		2,868
Non-U.S. government and agencies	2	5,270		—		660		5,930
Corporate debt	2	4,031		—		848		4,879
Equities (a)	1	138		—		—		138
Other marketable securities	2	51		—		23		74
Total marketable securities		$	17,554	$	—	$	2,881	$	20,435

Restricted cash		$	15	$	7	$	124	$	146

		September 30, 2018
	Fair Value Level	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents
U.S. government	1	$	674	$	—	$	569	$	1,243
U.S. government agencies	2	375		—		422		797
Non-U.S. government and agencies	2	201		—		565		766
Corporate debt	2	460		—		889		1,349
Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents		1,710		—		2,445		4,155
Cash, time deposits, and money market funds		5,829		26		8,552		14,407
Total cash and cash equivalents		$	7,539	$	26	$	10,997	$	18,562

Marketable securities
U.S. government	1	$	2,859	$	—	$	257	$	3,116
U.S. government agencies	2	1,953		—		139		2,092
Non-U.S. government and agencies	2	5,309		—		888		6,197
Corporate debt	2	5,189		—		305		5,494
Equities (a)	1	484		—		—		484
Other marketable securities	2	246		—		151		397
Total marketable securities		$	16,040	$	—	$	1,740	$	17,780

Restricted cash		$	16	$	30	$	147	$	193

__________

(a) Net unrealized gains/losses on equities were a $27 million loss and a $84 million gain at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , respectively.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Continued)

The cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017
										Fair Value of Securities with Contractual Maturities
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Within 1 Year		After 1 Year through 5 Years		After 5 Years
Automotive
U.S. government	$	3,669	$	—	$	(18	)	$	3,651	$	1,377	$	2,274	$	—
U.S. government agencies	1,915		—		(15		)	1,900		265		1,620		15
Non-U.S. government and agencies	4,021		—		(28		)	3,993		197		3,771		25
Corporate debt	1,716		1		(8		)	1,709		194		1,509		6
Other marketable securities	17		—		—			17		—		16		1
Total	$	11,338	$	1	$	(69	)	$	11,270	$	2,033	$	9,190	$	47

	September 30, 2018
										Fair Value of Securities with Contractual Maturities
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Within 1 Year		After 1 Year through 5 Years		After 5 Years
Automotive
U.S. government	$	2,909	$	—	$	(19	)	$	2,890	$	1,926	$	964	$	—
U.S. government agencies	1,930		—		(26		)	1,904		514		1,372		18
Non-U.S. government and agencies	3,960		—		(68		)	3,892		144		3,748		—
Corporate debt	2,911		1		(33		)	2,879		199		2,678		2
Other marketable securities	209		—		(1		)	208		1		131		76
Total	$	11,919	$	1	$	(147	)	$	11,773	$	2,784	$	8,893	$	96

Sales proceeds and gross realized gains/(losses) from the sale of AFS debt securities for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter				First Nine Months
	2017		2018		2017		2018
Automotive
Sales proceeds	$	491	$	1,327	$	3,107	$	4,173
Gross realized gains	—		—		3		1
Gross realized losses	—		4		8		15

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Continued)

The present fair values and gross unrealized losses for cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as AFS debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017
	Less than 1 year					1 Year or Greater					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

Automotive
U.S. government	$	2,382	$	(9	)	$	903	$	(9	)	$	3,285	$	(18	)
U.S. government agencies	1,625		(12		)	260		(3		)	1,885		(15		)
Non-U.S. government and agencies	3,148		(20		)	510		(8		)	3,658		(28		)
Corporate debt	1,396		(8		)	—		—			1,396		(8		)
Total	$	8,551	$	(49	)	$	1,673	$	(20	)	$	10,224	$	(69	)

	September 30, 2018
	Less than 1 year					1 Year or Greater					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Automotive
U.S. government	$	869	$	(3	)	$	1,869	$	(16	)	$	2,738	$	(19	)
U.S. government agencies	476		(4		)	1,386		(22		)	1,862		(26		)
Non-U.S. government and agencies	2,110		(39		)	1,453		(29		)	3,563		(68		)
Corporate debt	2,161		(24		)	374		(9		)	2,535		(33		)
Other marketable securities	170		(1		)	—		—			170		(1		)
Total	$	5,786	$	(71	)	$	5,082	$	(76	)	$	10,868	$	(147	)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018 , we did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment loss.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the consolidated statement of cash flows were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,492	$	18,562
Restricted cash (a)	146		193
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	18,638	$	18,755

__________


(a)	Included in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet.

Other Securities

We have investments in entities for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence and fair values are not readily available. We have elected to record these investments at cost (less impairment, if any), adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. We report the carrying value of these investments in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet. These investments were $363 million and $199 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , respectively. There were no material adjustments to the fair values of these investments held at September 30, 2018 .

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8. FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES

Ford Credit manages finance receivables as “consumer” and “non-consumer” portfolios. The receivables are generally secured by the vehicles, inventory, or other property being financed.

Finance receivables, net were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018
Consumer
Retail financing, gross	$	78,331		$	80,136
Unearned interest supplements	(3,280		)	(3,442		)
Consumer finance receivables	75,051			76,694
Non-Consumer
Dealer financing	33,938			31,753
Non-Consumer finance receivables	33,938			31,753
Total recorded investment	$	108,989		$	108,447

Recorded investment in finance receivables	$	108,989		$	108,447
Allowance for credit losses	(597		)	(586		)
Finance receivables, net	$	108,392		$	107,861

Current portion	$	52,210		$	50,818
Non-current portion	56,182			57,043
Finance receivables, net	$	108,392		$	107,861

Net finance receivables subject to fair value (a)	$	105,106		$	104,184
Fair value	104,521			103,408

__________


(a)	At December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , Finance receivables, net includes $3.3 billion and $3.7 billion , respectively, of direct financing leases that are not subject to fair value disclosure requirements. The fair value of finance receivables is categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Excluded from finance receivables at both December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , was $240 million of accrued uncollected interest, which is reported as Other assets in the current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet.

Included in the recorded investment in finance receivables at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , were consumer receivables of $38.9 billion and $38.8 billion , respectively, and non-consumer receivables of $24.5 billion and $23.3 billion , respectively, that have been sold for legal purposes in securitization transactions but continue to be reported in our consolidated financial statements. The receivables are available only for payment of the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions; they are not available to pay the other obligations or the claims of Ford Credit’s other creditors. Ford Credit holds the right to receive the excess cash flows not needed to pay the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8. FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

Aging

For all finance receivables, we define “past due” as any payment, including principal and interest, that is at least 31 days past the contractual due date. The recorded investment of consumer receivables greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest was $24 million and $21 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , respectively. The recorded investment of non-consumer receivables greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest was $1 million and de minimis at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , respectively.

The aging analysis of our finance receivables balances was as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018
Consumer
31-60 days past due	$	748	$	691
61-90 days past due	113		109
91-120 days past due	36		42
Greater than 120 days past due	37		40
Total past due	934		882
Current	74,117		75,812
Consumer finance receivables	75,051		76,694

Non-Consumer
Total past due	122		77
Current	33,816		31,676
Non-Consumer finance receivables	33,938		31,753
Total recorded investment	$	108,989	$	108,447

Credit Quality

Consumer Portfolio. Credit quality ratings for consumer receivables are based on aging. Refer to the aging table above.

Consumer receivables credit quality ratings are as follows:


•	Pass – current to 60 days past due;


•	Special Mention – 61 to 120 days past due and in intensified collection status; and


•	Substandard – greater than 120 days past due and for which the uncollectible portion of the receivables has already been charged off, as measured using the fair value of collateral less costs to sell.

Non-Consumer Portfolio. Dealers are assigned to one of four groups according to risk ratings as follows:


•	Group I – strong to superior financial metrics;


•	Group II – fair to favorable financial metrics;


•	Group III – marginal to weak financial metrics; and


•	Group IV – poor financial metrics, including dealers classified as uncollectible.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8. FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

The credit quality analysis of our dealer financing receivables was as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018
Dealer Financing
Group I	$	26,252	$	24,444
Group II	5,908		5,528
Group III	1,640		1,616
Group IV	138		165
Total recorded investment	$	33,938	$	31,753

Impaired Receivables. Impaired consumer receivables include accounts that have been rewritten or modified in reorganization proceedings pursuant to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code that are considered to be Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”), as well as all accounts greater than 120 days past due. Impaired non-consumer receivables represent accounts with dealers that have weak or poor financial metrics or dealer financing that has been modified in TDRs. The recorded investment of consumer receivables that were impaired at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 was $386 million and $379 million , or 0.5% and 0.5% of consumer receivables, respectively. The recorded investment of non-consumer receivables that were impaired at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 was $138 million and $165 million , or 0.4% and 0.5% of non-consumer receivables, respectively. Impaired finance receivables are evaluated both collectively and specifically.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 9. FORD CREDIT ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses related to finance receivables for the periods ended September 30 was as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter 2017									First Nine Months 2017
	Consumer			Non-Consumer			Total			Consumer			Non-Consumer			Total
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance	$	507		$	15		$	522		$	469		$	15		$	484
Charge-offs	(132		)	—			(132		)	(366		)	(3		)	(369		)
Recoveries	36			4			40			105			8			113
Provision for credit losses	146			(6		)	140			341			(7		)	334
Other (a)	5			—			5			13			—			13
Ending balance (b)	$	562		$	13		$	575		$	562		$	13		$	575

Analysis of ending balance of allowance for credit losses
Collective impairment allowance										$	541		$	13		$	554
Specific impairment allowance										21			—			21
Ending balance (b)										562			13			575

Analysis of ending balance of finance receivables
Collectively evaluated for impairment										71,929			31,971			103,900
Specifically evaluated for impairment										387			152			539
Recorded investment										72,316			32,123			104,439

Ending balance, net of allowance for credit losses										$	71,754		$	32,110		$	103,864

__________


(a)	Primarily represents amounts related to translation adjustments.


(b)	Total allowance, including for operating leases, was $644 million .



	Third Quarter 2018									First Nine Months 2018
	Consumer			Non-Consumer			Total			Consumer			Non-Consumer			Total
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance	$	573		$	14		$	587		$	582		$	15		$	597
Charge-offs (a)	(128		)	(43		)	(171		)	(382		)	(46		)	(428		)
Recoveries	40			4			44			126			6			132
Provision for credit losses	73			52			125			237			52			289
Other (b)	1			—			1			(4		)	—			(4		)
Ending balance (c)	$	559		$	27		$	586		$	559		$	27		$	586

Analysis of ending balance of allowance for credit losses
Collective impairment allowance										$	538		$	14		$	552
Specific impairment allowance										21			13			34
Ending balance (c)										559			27			586

Analysis of ending balance of finance receivables
Collectively evaluated for impairment										76,315			31,588			107,903
Specifically evaluated for impairment										379			165			544
Recorded investment										76,694			31,753			108,447

Ending balance, net of allowance for credit losses										$	76,135		$	31,726		$	107,861

__________


(a)	The charge-off of non-consumer (dealer financing) receivables primarily reflects a specific U.S. dealer’s wholesale vehicle inventory and dealer loan determined to be uncollectible.


(b)	Primarily represents amounts related to translation adjustments.


(c)	Total allowance, including for operating leases, was $663 million .

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 10. INVENTORIES

Inventories were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018
Raw materials, work-in-process, and supplies	$	4,397	$	4,740
Finished products	6,779		8,070
Total inventories	$	11,176	$	12,810

NOTE 11. GOODWILL

The net carrying amount of goodwill was $75 million and $273 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , respectively, and is reported in Other Assets in the non-current section of our consolidated balance sheet. In the first quarter of 2018 , Mobility recorded the acquisition of Autonomic and TransLoc which resulted in $199 million of goodwill.

NOTE 12. OTHER LIABILITIES AND DEFERRED REVENUE

Other liabilities and deferred revenue were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018
Current
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims	$	10,902	$	11,145
Deferred revenue	2,107		2,833
Employee benefit plans	1,661		1,575
Accrued interest	1,057		795
OPEB (a)	348		346
Pension (a)	229		228
Other	3,393		3,792
Total current other liabilities and deferred revenue	$	19,697	$	20,714
Non-current
Pension (a)	$	9,932	$	9,273
OPEB (a)	5,821		5,692
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims	2,471		2,258
Deferred revenue	3,829		3,957
Employee benefit plans	1,139		1,174
Other	1,519		1,874
Total non-current other liabilities and deferred revenue	$	24,711	$	24,228

__________

(a)

Balances at September 30, 2018 reflect pension and OPEB liabilities at December 31, 2017 , updated (where applicable) for service and interest cost, expected return on assets, separation expense, interim remeasurement expense, actual benefit payments, and cash contributions. The discount rate and rate of expected return assumptions are unchanged from year-end 2017 . Included in Other assets are pension assets of $3.5 billion and $4.2 billion at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , respectively.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 13. RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Defined Benefit Plans - Expense

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the periods ended September 30 was as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						Worldwide OPEB
	2017			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018
Service cost	$	133		$	136		$	154		$	146		$	13		$	13
Interest cost	382			367			155			168			50			49
Expected return on assets	(683		)	(721		)	(347		)	(318		)	—			—
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)	36			36			9			6			(30		)	(27		)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss	—			—			—			—			—			—
Separation programs/other	58			15			5			47			—			—
Settlements and curtailments	—			—			—			—			—			—
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)	$	(74	)	$	(167	)	$	(24	)	$	49		$	33		$	35

	First Nine Months
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						Worldwide OPEB
	2017			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018
Service cost	$	400		$	408		$	413		$	449		$	37		$	40
Interest cost	1,144			1,100			487			517			148			147
Expected return on assets	(2,050		)	(2,165		)	(1,012		)	(981		)	—			—
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)	107			107			27			19			(89		)	(82		)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss	—			(26		)	—			—			—			—
Separation programs/other	70			29			24			65			—			1
Settlements and curtailments	—			(15		)	—			—			—			—
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)	$	(329	)	$	(562	)	$	(61	)	$	69		$	96		$	106

The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses . Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net of our consolidated income statement.

In the first quarter of 2018, we amended the U.S. defined benefit plans for senior management. Effective December 31, 2019, the plans will have a 35-year limit for service and pay for purposes of determining the pension benefits. As a result, we recognized both a remeasurement gain and a curtailment gain related to the amendments.

Pension Plan Contributions

During 2018 , we expect to contribute about $500 million (most of which are mandatory contributions) from cash and cash equivalents to our global funded pension plans, and to make about $350 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans, for a total of about $850 million . In the first nine months of 2018 , we contributed about $300 million to our global funded pension plans and made about $250 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 14. DEBT

The carrying value of Automotive, Ford Credit, and Other debt was as follows (in millions):



Automotive	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018
Debt payable within one year
Short-term	$	1,396		$	1,517
Long-term payable within one year
Public unsecured debt securities	361			—
U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (“DOE ATVM”) Incentive Program	591			591
Other debt	1,031			1,126
Unamortized (discount)/premium	(23		)	(18		)
Total debt payable within one year	3,356			3,216
Long-term debt payable after one year
Public unsecured debt securities	9,033			9,033
DOE ATVM Incentive Program	2,060			1,618
Other debt	1,848			1,114
Adjustments
Unamortized (discount)/premium	(290		)	(244		)
Unamortized issuance costs	(76		)	(73		)
Total long-term debt payable after one year	12,575			11,448
Total Automotive	$	15,931		$	14,664

Fair value of Automotive debt (a)	$	17,976		$	14,948

Ford Credit
Debt payable within one year
Short-term	$	17,153		$	15,313
Long-term payable within one year
Unsecured debt	13,298			13,123
Asset-backed debt	17,817			19,139
Adjustments
Unamortized (discount)/premium	1			—
Unamortized issuance costs	(16		)	(16		)
Fair value adjustments (b)	12			(12		)
Total debt payable within one year	48,265			47,547
Long-term debt payable after one year
Unsecured debt	55,687			56,591
Asset-backed debt	34,052			34,784
Adjustments
Unamortized (discount)/premium	(2		)	—
Unamortized issuance costs	(212		)	(208		)
Fair value adjustments (b)	(33		)	(547		)
Total long-term debt payable after one year	89,492			90,620
Total Ford Credit	$	137,757		$	138,167

Fair value of Ford Credit debt (a)	$	139,605		$	138,311

Other
Long-term debt payable after one year
Unsecured debt	$	604		$	604
Adjustments
Unamortized (discount)/premium	(3		)	(3		)
Unamortized issuance costs	(2		)	(1		)
Total Other	$	599		$	600

Fair value of Other debt	$	801		$	709

__________


(a)	The fair value of debt includes $1.1 billion and $1.3 billion of Automotive segment short-term debt and $16.4 billion and $13.7 billion of Ford Credit segment short-term debt at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , respectively, carried at cost, which approximates fair value. All other debt is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.


(b)	These adjustments relate to designated fair value hedges. The carrying value of hedged debt was $39 billion and $39.1 billion at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , respectively.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 15. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to global market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, certain commodity prices, and interest rates. To manage these risks, we enter into highly effective derivative contracts. We have elected to apply hedge accounting to certain derivatives. Derivatives that are designated in hedging relationships are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at the time they are designated and throughout the hedge period. Some derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting; for others, we elect not to apply hedge accounting.

Income Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments

The gains/(losses), by hedge designation, recorded in income for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2017			2018			2017			2018
Cash flow hedges (a)
Reclassified from AOCI to Cost of sales	$	115		$	45		$	357		$	50
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts
Net interest settlements and accruals on hedging instruments	50			(5		)	182			19
Fair value changes on hedging instruments (b)	(40		)	(102		)	(95		)	(531		)
Fair value changes on hedged debt (b)	40			110			95			521
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency exchange contracts (c)	(168		)	(10		)	(594		)	290
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts	5			(75		)	79			(258		)
Interest rate contracts	20			9			57			(28		)
Commodity contracts	21			(24		)	53			(62		)
Total	$	43		$	(52	)	$	134		$	1

__________


(a)	For the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 , a $116 million loss and a $90 million gain , respectively, were recorded in Other comprehensive income, net of tax. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 , a $91 million loss and a $30 million gain , respectively, were recorded in Other comprehensive income, net of tax.


(b)	For 2017 , the fair value changes on hedging instruments and on hedged debt were recorded in Other income/(loss), net; effective 2018, these amounts were recorded in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses.

(c)

For the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 , a $107 million loss and a $443 million loss were recorded in Cost of sales and a $61 million loss and a $151 million loss were recorded in Other income/(loss), net, respectively. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 , a $16 million loss and a $186 million gain were recorded in Cost of sales and a $6 million gain and a $104 million gain were recorded in Other income(loss), net, respectively.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 15. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

Balance Sheet Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative assets and liabilities are recorded on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value and are presented on a gross basis. The notional amounts of the derivative instruments do not necessarily represent amounts exchanged by the parties and are not a direct measure of our financial exposure. We also enter into master agreements with counterparties that may allow for netting of exposures in the event of default or breach of the counterparty agreement. Collateral represents cash received or paid under reciprocal arrangements that we have entered into with our derivative counterparties which we do not use to offset our derivative assets and liabilities.

The fair value of our derivative instruments and the associated notional amounts, presented gross, were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017						September 30, 2018
	Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities
Cash flow hedges
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	19,595	$	407	$	306	$	16,848	$	196	$	137
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts	28,008		248		135		27,769		112		632
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency exchange contracts	20,679		172		302		18,694		210		98
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts	4,006		408		28		5,649		206		166
Interest rate contracts	60,504		276		137		68,226		250		298
Commodity contracts	660		37		4		738		5		45
Total derivative financial instruments, gross (a) (b)	$	133,452	$	1,548	$	912	$	137,924	$	979	$	1,376

Current portion			$	802	$	568			$	623	$	532
Non-current portion			746		344				356		844
Total derivative financial instruments, gross			$	1,548	$	912			$	979	$	1,376

__________


(a)	At December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , we held collateral of $15 million and $16 million , and we posted collateral of $38 million and $59 million , respectively.


(b)	At December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 , the fair value of assets and liabilities available for counterparty netting was $618 million and $351 million , respectively . All derivatives are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 16. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)

The changes in the balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2017			2018			2017			2018
Foreign currency translation
Beginning balance	$	(4,266	)	$	(4,577	)	$	(4,593	)	$	(4,277	)
Gains/(Losses) on foreign currency translation	25			(136		)	175			(419		)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	(94		)	(2		)	(271		)	17
Net gains/(losses) on foreign currency translation	119			(134		)	446			(436		)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (a)	(17		)	1			(17		)	3
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	102			(133		)	429			(433		)
Ending balance	$	(4,164	)	$	(4,710	)	$	(4,164	)	$	(4,710	)

Marketable securities
Beginning balance	$	(11	)	$	(103	)	$	(14	)	$	(48	)
Gains/(Losses) on available for sale securities	(3		)	(7		)	—			(91		)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	(3		)	(1		)	2			(22		)
Net gains/(losses) on available for sale securities	—			(6		)	(2		)	(69		)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income	—			4			5			14
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	1			—			1			2
Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income	(1		)	4			4			12
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(1		)	(2		)	2			(57		)
Ending balance	$	(12	)	$	(105	)	$	(12	)	$	(105	)

Derivative instruments
Beginning balance	$	253		$	103		$	283		$	18
Gains/(Losses) on derivative instruments	(116		)	(91		)	90			30
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	(36		)	(21		)	15			8
Net gains/(losses) on derivative instruments	(80		)	(70		)	75			22
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income	(115		)	(45		)	(357		)	(50		)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	(24		)	(12		)	(81		)	(10		)
Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (b)	(91		)	(33		)	(276		)	(40		)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(171		)	(103		)	(201		)	(18		)
Ending balance	$	82		$	—		$	82		$	—

Pension and other postretirement benefits
Beginning balance	$	(2,692	)	$	(2,627	)	$	(2,689	)	$	(2,652	)
Amortization and recognition of prior service costs/(credits)	15			15			45			44
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	(13		)	2			15			8
Net prior service costs/(credits) reclassified from AOCI to net income	28			13			30			36
Translation impact on non-U.S. plans	(1		)	—			(6		)	2
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	27			13			24			38
Ending balance	$	(2,665	)	$	(2,614	)	$	(2,665	)	$	(2,614	)

Total AOCI ending balance at September 30	$	(6,759	)	$	(7,429	)	$	(6,759	)	$	(7,429	)

__________


(a)	Reclassified to Other income/(loss), net.


(b)	Reclassified to Cost of sales . During the next twelve months we expect to reclassify existing net gains on cash flow hedges of $95 million . See Note 15 for additional information.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments and contingencies primarily consist of guarantees and indemnifications, litigation and claims, and warranty.

Guarantees and Indemnifications

The maximum potential payments and the carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees and limited indemnities were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018
Maximum potential payments	$	1,397	$	1,377
Carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees and limited indemnities	408		391

Guarantees and indemnifications are recorded at fair value at their inception. We regularly review our performance risk under these arrangements, and in the event it becomes probable we will be required to perform under a guarantee or indemnity, the amount of probable payment is recorded.

We guarantee the resale value of vehicles sold in certain arrangements to daily rental companies. The maximum potential payment of $1.2 billion as of September 30, 2018 included in the table above represents the total proceeds we guarantee the rental company will receive on re-sale. Reflecting our present estimate of proceeds the rental companies will receive on resale from third parties, we have recorded $374 million as our best estimate of the amount we will have to pay under the guarantee.

We also guarantee debt and lease obligations of certain joint ventures, as well as certain financial obligations of outside third parties, including suppliers, to support our business and economic growth. Expiration dates vary through 2033, and guarantees will terminate on payment and/or cancellation of the underlying obligation. A payment by us would be triggered by failure of the joint venture or other third party to fulfill its obligation covered by the guarantee. In some circumstances, we are entitled to recover from a third party amounts paid by us under the guarantee. However, our ability to enforce these rights is sometimes stayed until the guaranteed party is paid in full, and may be limited in the event of insolvency of the third party or other circumstances.

In the ordinary course of business, we execute contracts involving indemnifications standard in the industry and indemnifications specific to a transaction, such as the sale of a business. These indemnifications might include and are not limited to claims relating to any of the following: environmental, tax, and shareholder matters; intellectual property rights; power generation contracts; governmental regulations and employment-related matters; dealer, supplier, and other commercial contractual relationships; and financial matters, such as securitizations. Performance under these indemnities generally would be triggered by a breach of terms of the contract or by a third-party claim. While some of these indemnifications are limited in nature, many of them do not limit potential payment. Therefore, we are unable to estimate a maximum amount of future payments that could result from claims made under these unlimited indemnities.

Litigation and Claims

Various legal actions, proceedings, and claims (generally, “matters”) are pending or may be instituted or asserted against us. These include but are not limited to matters arising out of alleged defects in our products; product warranties; governmental regulations relating to safety, emissions, and fuel economy or other matters; government incentives; tax matters; alleged illegal acts resulting in fines or penalties; financial services; employment-related matters; dealer, supplier, and other contractual relationships; intellectual property rights; environmental matters; shareholder or investor matters; and financial reporting matters. Certain of the pending legal actions are, or purport to be, class actions. Some of the matters involve or may involve claims for compensatory, punitive, or antitrust or other treble damages in very large amounts, or demands for field service actions, environmental remediation programs, sanctions, loss of government incentives, assessments, or other relief, which, if granted, would require very large expenditures.

The extent of our financial exposure to these matters is difficult to estimate. Many matters do not specify a dollar amount for damages, and many others specify only a jurisdictional minimum. To the extent an amount is asserted, our historical experience suggests that in most instances the amount asserted is not a reliable indicator of the ultimate outcome.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

We accrue for matters when losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. In evaluating matters for accrual and disclosure purposes, we take into consideration factors such as our historical experience with matters of a similar nature, the specific facts and circumstances asserted, the likelihood that we will prevail, and the severity of any potential loss. We reevaluate and update our accruals as matters progress over time.

For the majority of matters, which generally arise out of alleged defects in our products, we establish an accrual based on our extensive historical experience with similar matters. We do not believe there is a reasonably possible outcome materially in excess of our accrual for these matters.

For the remaining matters, where our historical experience with similar matters is of more limited value (i.e., “non-pattern matters”), we evaluate the matters primarily based on the individual facts and circumstances. For non-pattern matters, we evaluate whether there is a reasonable possibility of a material loss in excess of any accrual that can be estimated. Our estimate of reasonably possible loss in excess of our accruals for all material matters currently reflects indirect tax, customs, and competition law matters, for which we estimate the aggregate risk to be a range of up to a bout $900 million .

As noted, the litigation process is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual matters is not predictable with assurance. Our assessments are based on our knowledge and experience, but the ultimate outcome of any matter could require payment substantially in excess of the amount that we have accrued and/or disclosed.

Warranty and Field Service Actions

We accrue an amount for estimated cost associated with warranty and field service actions (i.e., safety recalls, emission recalls, and customer satisfaction actions) at the time of sale using a patterned estimation model that includes historical information regarding the nature, frequency, and average cost of claims for each vehicle line by model year. Warranty and field service action obligations are reported in Other liabilities and deferred revenue . We reevaluate the adequacy of our accruals on a regular basis.

We recognize the benefit from a recovery of the costs associated with our warranty and field service actions when specifics of the recovery have been agreed with our supplier and the collection of the recovery is virtually certain. Recoveries are reported in Trade and other receivables and Other assets.

The estimate of our future warranty and field service action costs, net of supplier recoveries, for the periods ended September 30 was as follows (in millions):



	First Nine Months
	2017			2018
Beginning balance	$	4,960		$	5,296
Payments made during the period	(2,596		)	(3,107		)
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period	1,588			1,832
Changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties	968			792
Foreign currency translation and other	111			(103		)
Ending balance	$	5,031		$	4,710

Revisions to our estimated costs are reported as changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties in the table above.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 18. SEGMENT INFORMATION

Effective January 1, 2018, we changed our reportable segments to reflect the manner in which we manage our business. Based on changes to our organization structure and how our CODM reviews operating results and makes decisions about resource allocation, we have three reportable segments that represent the primary businesses reported in our consolidated financial statements: Automotive, Mobility, and Ford Credit.

In addition to the change in reportable segments, consistent with how our CODM assesses performance of the segments, we changed the measurement of our segment profits and losses as described below:


•	Corporate governance expenses, which were previously reported as part of our Automotive segment, are reported as part of Corporate Other


•	Autonomous vehicle development costs, which were previously reported as part of our Automotive segment, are reported in Mobility


•	Interest income and portfolio gains and losses, which were previously reported in our segment results, are reported in Corporate Other. Interest expense (other than interest expense incurred by Ford Credit) is reported as a separate reconciling item

Prior period amounts were adjusted retrospectively to reflect the segment and measurement changes.

Below is a description of our reportable segments and other activities.

Automotive Segment

Our Automotive segment primarily includes the sale of Ford and Lincoln vehicles, service parts, and accessories worldwide, together with the associated costs to develop, manufacture, distribute, and service the vehicles, parts, and accessories. This segment includes revenues and costs related to our electrification vehicle programs. The segment includes five regional business units: North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific.

Mobility Segment

Our Mobility segment primarily includes development costs related to our autonomous vehicles and our investment in mobility through Ford Smart Mobility LLC (“FSM”). Autonomous vehicles includes self-driving systems development and vehicle integration, autonomous vehicle research and advanced engineering, AV transportation-as-a-service network development, user experience, and business strategy and business development teams. FSM designs and builds mobility services on its own, and collaborates with start-ups and tech companies.

Ford Credit Segment

The Ford Credit segment is comprised of the Ford Credit business on a consolidated basis, which is primarily vehicle-related financing and leasing activities.

Corporate Other

Corporate Other primarily includes corporate governance expenses, interest income (excluding interest earned on our extended service contract portfolio that is included in our Automotive segment) and portfolio gains and losses from our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, and foreign exchange derivatives gains and losses associated with intercompany lending. Corporate governance expenses are primarily administrative, delivering benefit on behalf of the global enterprise and are not allocated to specific Automotive business units or operating segments. These include expenses related to setting and directing global policy, providing oversight and stewardship, and promoting the Company’s interests. The underlying assets and liabilities associated with these activities remain with the respective Automotive and Mobility segments.

Interest on Debt

Interest on Debt is presented as a separate reconciling item and consists of interest expense on Automotive and Other debt. The underlying liability is reported in the Automotive segment and in Corporate Other.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 18. SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Special Items

Special Items are presented as a separate reconciling item. They consist of (i) pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses, (ii) significant personnel and dealer-related costs stemming from our efforts to match production capacity and cost structure to market demand and changing model mix, and (iii) other items that we do not necessarily consider to be indicative of earnings from ongoing operating activities. Our management excludes these items from its review of the results of the operating segments for purposes of measuring segment profitability and allocating resources. We also report these special items separately to help investors track amounts related to these activities and to allow investors analyzing our results to identify certain infrequent significant items that they may wish to exclude when considering the trend of ongoing operating results.

Key financial information for the periods ended or at September 30 was as follows (in millions):



	Automotive			Mobility			Ford Credit		Corporate Other			Interest on Debt			Special Items			Adjustments				Total
Third Quarter 2017
Revenues	$	33,646		$	3		$	2,802	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	36,451
Income/(loss) before income taxes	1,879			(72		)	600		(122		)	(298		)	(217		)	—				1,770
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies	305			1			10		—			—			—			—				316
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	26,144			1			11,936		—			—			—			—				38,081
Restricted cash	4			7			120		—			—			—			—				131
Total assets	104,110			85			154,868		—			—			—			(7,214		)	(a)	251,849

Third Quarter 2018
Revenues	$	34,660		$	8		$	2,998	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	37,666
Income/(loss) before income taxes	1,402			(196		)	678		(216		)	(343		)	(231		)	—				1,094
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies	(40		)	—			8		—			—			—			—				(32		)
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	23,579			26			12,737		—			—			—			—				36,342
Restricted cash	16			30			147		—			—			—			—				193
Total assets	102,615			510			159,976		—			—			—			(4,135		)	(a)	258,966

	Automotive			Mobility			Ford Credit		Corporate Other			Interest on Debt			Special Items			Adjustments				Total
First Nine Months 2017
Revenues	$	107,234		$	7		$	8,209	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	115,450
Income/(loss) before income taxes	6,449			(199		)	1,700		(340		)	(882		)	(441		)	—				6,287
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies	910			—			25		—			—			—			—				935

First Nine Months 2018
Revenues	$	109,577		$	18		$	8,950	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	118,545
Income/(loss) before income taxes	4,291			(479		)	1,964		(231		)	(933		)	(250		)	—				4,362
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies	232			—			20		—			—			—			—				252

__________


(a)	Includes eliminations of intersegment transactions occurring in the ordinary course of business and deferred tax netting.

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

OVERVIEW

Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures

We use both generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and non-GAAP financial measures for operational and financial decision making, and to assess Company and segment business performance. The non-GAAP measures listed below are intended to be considered by users as supplemental information to their equivalent GAAP measures, to aid investors in better understanding our financial results. We believe that these non-GAAP measures provide useful perspective on underlying business results and trends, and a means to assess our period-over-period results. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures may not be the same as similarly titled measures used by other companies due to possible differences in method and in items or events being adjusted.

•

Company Adjusted EBIT (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Net Income Attributable to Ford) – Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) includes non-controlling interests and excludes interest on debt (excl. Ford Credit Debt), taxes, and pre-tax special items. This non-GAAP measure is useful to management and investors because it allows users to evaluate our operating results aligned with industry reporting. Pre-tax special items consist of (i) pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses, (ii) significant personnel and dealer-related costs stemming from our efforts to match production capacity and cost structure to market demand and changing model mix, and (iii) other items that we do not necessarily consider to be indicative of earnings from ongoing operating activities. When we provide guidance for adjusted EBIT, we do not provide guidance on a net income basis because the GAAP measure will include potentially significant special items that have not yet occurred and are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty prior to year-end, including pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses.


•	Company Adjusted EBIT Margin (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Company Net Income Margin) – Company Adjusted EBIT margin is Company adjusted EBIT divided by Company revenue. This non-GAAP measure is useful to management and investors because it allows users to evaluate our operating results aligned with industry reporting.

•

Adjusted Earnings Per Share (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Earnings Per Share) – Measure of Company’s diluted net earnings per share adjusted for impact of pre-tax special items (described above) and tax special items. The measure provides investors with useful information to evaluate performance of our business excluding items not indicative of the underlying run rate of our business. When we provide guidance for adjusted earnings per share, we do not provide guidance on an earnings per share basis because the GAAP measure will include potentially significant special items that have not yet occurred and are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty prior to year-end, including pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses.

•

Adjusted Effective Tax Rate (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Effective Tax Rate) – Measure of Company’s tax rate excluding pre-tax special items (described above) and tax special items. The measure provides an ongoing effective rate which investors find useful for historical comparisons and for forecasting. When we provide guidance for adjusted effective tax rate, we do not provide guidance on an effective tax rate basis because the GAAP measure will include potentially significant special items that have not yet occurred and are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty prior to year-end, including pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses.

•

Company Adjusted Operating Cash Flow (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Net Cash Provided By / (Used In) Operating Activities) – Measure of Company’s operating cash flow excluding Ford Credit’s operating cash flows. The measure contains elements management considers operating activities, including Automotive and Mobility capital spending, Ford Credit distributions to its parent, and settlement of derivatives. The measure excludes cash outflows for funded pension contributions, separation payments, and other items that are considered operating cash outflows under U.S. GAAP. This measure is useful to management and investors because it is consistent with management’s assessment of the Company’s operating cash flow performance. When we provide guidance for Company adjusted operating cash flow, we do not provide guidance for net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities because the GAAP measure will include items that are difficult to quantify or predict with reasonable certainty, including cash flows related to the Company's exposures to foreign currency exchange rates and certain commodity prices (separate from any related hedges), Ford Credit's operating cash flows, and cash flows related to special items, including separation payments, each of which individually or in the aggregate could have a significant impact to our net cash provided by/(used in) our operating activities.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

•

Ford Credit Managed Receivables (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Net Finance Receivables plus Net Investment in Operating Leases) – Measure of Ford Credit’s total net receivables, excluding unearned interest supplements and residual support, allowance for credit losses, and other (primarily accumulated supplemental depreciation). The measure is useful to management and investors as it closely approximates the customer’s outstanding balance on the receivables, which is the basis for earning revenue.

•

Ford Credit Managed Leverage (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Financial Statement Leverage) – Ford Credit’s debt-to-equity ratio adjusted (i) to exclude cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (other than amounts related to insurance activities), and (ii) for derivative accounting. The measure is useful to investors because it reflects the way Ford Credit manages its business. Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities are deducted because they generally correspond to excess debt beyond the amount required to support operations and on-balance sheet securitization transactions. Derivative accounting adjustments are made to asset, debt, and equity positions to reflect the impact of interest rate instruments used with Ford Credit’s term-debt issuances and securitization transactions. Ford Credit generally repays its debt obligations as they mature, so the interim effects of changes in market interest rates are excluded in the calculation of managed leverage.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Company

The chart below shows our third quarter and year-to-date 2018 key metrics for the Company, compared to a year ago.

We reported mixed results on the top line in the third quarter of 2018, with Company revenue higher than a year ago, driven by strong mix in North America. Wholesale volume was down 10% year over year, largely due to our joint ventures in China and Turkey. Market share also was lower, driven by lower share in China, although we had share declines across all regions .

Net income in the third quarter of 2018 was $1 billion or $0.25 diluted earnings per share of Common and Class B stock, down $600 million or $0.14 per share from a year ago. Company adjusted EBIT for the third quarter of 2018 was $1.7 billion or $0.29 diluted adjusted earnings per share, down $600 million or $0.15 per share year over year.

Net income margin was 2.6% and Company adjusted EBIT margin was 4.4% in the third quarter of 2018, down 1.7 percentage points and 1.9 percentage points, respectively, from a year ago.

Net income, net income margin, adjusted EBIT, and adjusted EBIT margin in the third quarter of 2018 were all essentially flat from the second quarter of 2018, despite the lower volume.

To put the quarter into context against recent performance, revenue was lower than in the past three quarters due mainly to lower volume. Some of this is seasonal , reflecting the normal summer plant shutdowns that occur in Europe and North America.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

The chart below shows our third quarter 2018 net income attributable to Ford and Company adjusted EBIT by segment.

Net income and Company adjusted EBIT were driven by our Automotive and Ford Credit segments with losses, as expected, in our Mobility segment and Corporate Other. The Mobility loss was split about equally between investments in our autonomous vehicle business and mobility services. The increased loss from a year ago also was driven about equally by higher investments in both areas of Mobility. The Corporate Other loss consists of expenses for corporate governance, mark-to-market adjustments on marketable securities, and interest income.

Ford Credit was an outstanding performer in the third quarter of 2018, generating an EBT of $678 million, which was its best quarter in over 7 years. This was driven by favorable volume and mix and favorable lease residuals. Auction values rose 5% year over year at constant mix. We now expect auction values for the full year to improve on average 3% at constant mix. U.S. consumer credit metrics remain healthy, and Ford Credit’s balance sheet remains strong.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Automotive Segment

The chart below shows our third quarter 2018 Automotive segment EBIT by region.

The details of our Automotive segment highlight our performance in North America, where we generated a healthy EBIT of $2 billion, which is higher than a year ago despite lower volume and higher commodity cost. This was enabled by a strong, positive mix as our portfolio continues to shift more to trucks, utilities , and vans. As a result, EBIT margin reached nearly 9% compared with an average first half 2018 EBIT margin of 7.6%.

While we continued to see a combined loss in our automotive operations outside North America, the loss slightly improved from the second quarter of 2018 despite lower volume. This includes adjustments to dealer inventories in China that now have us well-positioned in terms of days’ supply.

In South America, the ongoing recovery in Brazil slowed due predominately to external headwinds, including an 18% currency depreciation compared to a year ago and increasing inflation, including higher commodity prices. In Argentina, the peso lost 45% of its value compared to a year ago, and annual inflation is running at 34%. Our team has responded with substantial price increases, resistance of inflation recovery by suppliers, and continued reduction in structural costs. We also continue to progress our plans to transform our longer-term operating model in the region.

In Europe, we saw favorable market factors from a year ago related to new products such as EcoSport, Fiesta, and Transit Custom. Our commercial business continued to be strong as well, delivering a record market share in the third quarter of 2018. EBIT, however, deteriorated from a year ago, largely due to unfavorable external factors affecting performance in Turkey and Russia, combined with launch-related costs from the new Focus. Our team is focused on accelerating actions to improve our near-term performance, while we continue to put in place the plans to substantially redesign our future business in Europe.

In Asia Pacific, the markets outside China remained profitable, although lower than a year ago, generating a 9% EBIT margin. As in the second quarter of 2018, the EBIT loss in Asia Pacific was driven by China, reflecting a loss for our consolidated China operations as well as at our China joint ventures. The losses were driven by the same factors as in the prior quarter, i.e., lower volume and lower net pricing. Compared with the second quarter of 2018, we reduced the loss in China by over $100 million or about 20%. We are focused intensely on our sales turnaround plan for China, and we are now just at the beginning of a strong product launch cadence, starting with the all-new Territory SUV, the all-new Focus, and the new Escort. All of these models will make significant contributions to reinvigorating our sales growth beginning in the first quarter next year.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

In general, we measure year-over-year change in Automotive segment EBIT using the causal factors listed below, with net pricing and cost variances calculated at present-year volume and mix and exchange:


•	Market Factors (exclude the impact of unconsolidated affiliate wholesales):


◦	Volume and Mix – primarily measures EBIT variance from changes in wholesale volumes (at prior-year average contribution margin per unit) driven by changes in industry volume, market share, and dealer stocks, as well as the EBIT variance resulting from changes in product mix, including mix among vehicle lines and mix of trim levels and options within a vehicle line


◦	Net Pricing – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by changes in wholesale prices to dealers and marketing incentive programs such as rebate programs, low-rate financing offers, special lease offers, and stock adjustments on dealer inventory


•	Cost:


◦	Contribution Costs – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by per-unit changes in cost categories that typically vary with volume, such as material costs (including commodity and component costs), warranty expense, and freight and duty costs


◦	Structural Costs – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by absolute change in cost categories that typically do not have a directly proportionate relationship to production volume. Structural costs include the following cost categories:


▪	Manufacturing, Including Volume-Related – consists primarily of costs for hourly and salaried manufacturing personnel, plant overhead (such as utilities and taxes), and new product launch expense.

These costs could be affected by volume for operating pattern actions such as overtime, line-speed, and shift schedules


▪	Engineering – consists primarily of costs for engineering personnel, prototype materials, testing, and outside engineering services


▪	Spending-Related – consists primarily of depreciation and amortization of our manufacturing and engineering assets, but also includes asset retirements and operating leases


▪	Advertising and Sales Promotions – includes costs for advertising, marketing programs, brand promotions, customer mailings and promotional events, and auto shows


▪	Administrative and Selling – includes primarily costs for salaried personnel and purchased services related to our staff activities and selling functions, as well as associated information technology costs


▪	Pension and OPEB – consists primarily of past service pension costs and other postretirement employee benefit costs


•	Other – includes a variety of items, such as parts and services profits, royalties, government incentives, and compensation-related changes. Other also includes:

◦

Exchange – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by one or more of the following: (i) transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the relevant entities, (ii) effects of converting functional currency income to U.S. dollars, (iii) effects of remeasuring monetary assets and liabilities of the relevant entities in currencies other than their functional currency, or (iv) results of our foreign currency hedging


◦	Beginning in 2018, in our discussion of Asia Pacific EBIT, Other includes the equity income from our China JVs. In prior periods, the impact of our equity income from our China JVs was spread across each causal factor

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

In addition, definitions and calculations used in this report include:

•

Wholesales and Revenue – wholesale unit volumes include all Ford and Lincoln badged units (whether produced by Ford or by an unconsolidated affiliate) that are sold to dealerships, units manufactured by Ford that are sold to other manufacturers, units distributed by Ford for other manufacturers, and local brand units produced by our China joint venture, Jiangling Motors Corporation, Ltd. (“JMC”), that are sold to dealerships. Vehicles sold to daily rental car companies that are subject to a guaranteed repurchase option (i.e., rental repurchase), as well as other sales of finished vehicles for which the recognition of revenue is deferred (e.g., consignments), also are included in wholesale unit volumes. Revenue from certain vehicles in wholesale unit volumes (specifically, Ford badged vehicles produced and distributed by our unconsolidated affiliates, as well as JMC brand vehicles) are not included in our revenue


•	Industry Volume and Market Share – based, in part, on estimated vehicle registrations; includes medium and heavy duty trucks


•	SAAR – seasonally adjusted annual rate

References to Automotive records for EBIT margin and business units are since at least 2009.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

The charts on the following pages provide third quarter and year-to-date 2018 key metrics and the change in third quarter 2018 EBIT compared with third quarter 2017 by causal factor for our Automotive segment and its regional business units: North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Mobility Segment

The chart below shows the Mobility segment’s third quarter and year-to-date 2018 EBIT compared with a year ago.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Ford Credit Segment

In general, we measure year-over-year changes in Ford Credit’s EBT using the causal factors listed below:


•	Volume and Mix:

◦

Volume primarily measures changes in net financing margin driven by changes in average managed receivables at prior period financing margin yield (defined below in financing margin) at prior period exchange rates. Volume changes are primarily driven by the volume of new and used vehicle sales and leases, the extent to which Ford Credit purchases retail installment sale and lease contracts, the extent to which Ford Credit provides wholesale financing, the sales price of the vehicles financed, the level of dealer inventories, Ford-sponsored special financing programs available exclusively through Ford Credit, and the availability of cost-effective funding for the purchase of retail installment sale and lease contracts and to provide wholesale financing


◦	Mix primarily measures changes in net financing margin driven by period over period changes in the composition of Ford Credit’s average managed receivables by product and by country or region

• Financing Margin:

◦

Financing margin variance is the period-to-period change in financing margin yield multiplied by the present period average managed receivables at prior period exchange rates. This calculation is performed at the product and country level and then aggregated. Financing margin yield equals revenue, less interest expense and scheduled depreciation for the period, divided by average managed receivables for the same period


◦	Financing margin changes are driven by changes in revenue and interest expense. Changes in revenue are primarily driven by the level of market interest rates, cost assumptions in pricing, mix of business, and competitive environment. Changes in interest expense are primarily driven by the level of market interest rates, borrowing spreads, and asset-liability management


•	Credit Loss:


◦	Credit loss is the change in the provision for credit losses at prior period exchange rates. For analysis purposes, management splits the provision for credit losses into net charge-offs and the change in the allowance for credit losses

◦

Net charge-off changes are primarily driven by the number of repossessions, severity per repossession, and recoveries. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are primarily driven by changes in historical trends in credit losses and recoveries, changes in the composition and size of Ford Credit’s present portfolio, changes in trends in historical used vehicle values, and changes in economic conditions. For additional information, refer to the “Critical Accounting Estimates - Allowance for Credit Losses” section of Item 7 of Part II of our 2017 Form 10-K Report


•	Lease Residual:


◦	Lease residual measures changes to residual performance at prior period exchange rates. For analysis purposes, management splits residual performance primarily into residual gains and losses, and the change in accumulated supplemental depreciation

◦

Residual gain and loss changes are primarily driven by the number of vehicles returned to Ford Credit and sold, and the difference between the auction value and the depreciated value (which includes both base and accumulated supplemental depreciation) of the vehicles sold. Changes in accumulated supplemental depreciation are primarily driven by changes in Ford Credit’s estimate of the expected auction value at the end of the lease term, and changes in the estimate of the number of vehicles that will be returned to it and sold. For additional information, refer to the “Critical Accounting Estimates - Accumulated Depreciation on Vehicles Subject to Operating Leases” section of Item 7 of Part II of our 2017 Form 10-K Report


•	Exchange:


◦	Reflects changes in EBT driven by the effects of converting functional currency income to U.S. dollars


•	Other:


◦	Primarily includes operating expenses, other revenue, insurance expenses, and other income at prior period exchange rates


◦	Changes in operating expenses are primarily driven by salaried personnel costs, facilities costs, and costs associated with the origination and servicing of customer contracts


◦	In general, other income changes are primarily driven by changes in earnings related to market valuation adjustments to derivatives (primarily related to movements in interest rates) and other miscellaneous items

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

In addition, the following definitions and calculations apply to Ford Credit when used in this report:


•	Cash (as shown on the Funding Structure, Liquidity Sources, and Leverage charts) – Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, excluding amounts related to insurance activities


•	Earnings Before Taxes (EBT ) – Reflects Ford Credit’s income before income taxes


•	Return on Equity (ROE ) (as shown on the Key Metrics chart) – Reflects return on equity calculated by annualizing net income for the period and dividing by monthly average equity for the period


•	Securitizations (as shown on the Public Term Funding Plan chart) – Public securitization transactions, Rule 144A offerings sponsored by Ford Credit, and widely distributed offerings by Ford Credit Canada


•	Term Asset-Backed Securities (as shown on the Funding Structure chart) – Obligations issued in securitization transactions that are payable only out of collections on the underlying securitized assets and related enhancements

•

Total Debt (as shown on the Leverage chart) – Debt on Ford Credit’s balance sheet. Includes debt issued in securitizations and payable only out of collections on the underlying securitized assets and related enhancements. Ford Credit holds the right to receive the excess cash flows not needed to pay the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions

•

Total Net Receivables (as shown on the Total Net Receivables Reconciliation To Managed Receivables chart) – Includes finance receivables (retail and wholesale) sold for legal purposes and net investment in operating leases included in securitization transactions that do not satisfy the requirements for accounting sale treatment. These receivables and operating leases are reported on Ford Credit’s balance sheet and are available only for payment of the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions; they are not available to pay the other obligations of Ford Credit or the claims of Ford Credit’s other creditors

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

The charts below provide third quarter and year-to-date 2018 key metrics and the change in third quarter 2018 EBT compared with third quarter 2017 by causal factor for the Ford Credit segment.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Corporate Other

Corporate Other primarily includes corporate governance expenses, interest income (excluding interest earned on our extended service contract portfolio that is included in our Automotive segment) and portfolio gains and losses from our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, and foreign exchange derivatives gains and losses associated with intercompany lending. Corporate governance expenses are primarily administrative, delivering benefit on behalf of the global enterprise and are not allocated to specific Automotive business units or operating segments. These include expenses related to setting and directing global policy, providing oversight and stewardship, and promoting the Company’s interests. Our third quarter 2018 Corporate Other results were a $216 million loss, compared with a $122 million loss a year ago. The year-over-year increase in the loss was due to higher corporate governance expenses and unfavorable mark-to-market adjustments to our marketable securities, more than explained by changes in the value of our investment in Pivotal.

Interest on Debt

Interest on Debt consists of interest expense on Automotive and Other debt. Third quarter 2018 interest expense on Automotive and Other debt was $343 million, $45 million higher than a year ago, reflecting primarily higher foreign debt interest expense.

Special Items

In Note 18 of the Notes to the Financial Statements, special items are reflected as a separate reconciling item, as opposed to being allocated among the Automotive, Mobility, and Ford Credit segments. This reflects the fact that management excludes these items from its review of operating segment results for purposes of measuring segment profitability and allocating resources.

Our pre-tax and tax special items were as follows:

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Taxes

Our tax provisions for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 were $101 million and $555 million, respectively, resulting in GAAP effective tax rates of 9.2% and 12.7%, respectively. The GAAP effective tax rates for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 were 1.6 and 4.1 percentage points lower, respectively, than a year ago.

Our third quarter and first nine months of 2018 non-GAAP adjusted effective tax rates, which exclude special items, were 11.2% and 13.2%, respectively. The non-GAAP adjusted effective tax rates for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 were 0.8 and 3.6 percentage points lower, respectively, than a year ago.

During the third quarter of 2018, we recognized $101 million of benefit from settlements of tax controversies in various jurisdictions. In addition, during the first quarter of 2018, we recognized $235 million of benefit for non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards expected to be realized in the foreseeable future.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Total balance sheet cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash (including Ford Credit) remains strong at $36.5 billion.

Company excluding Ford Credit

Liquidity . One of our key priorities is to maintain a strong balance sheet, while at the same time having resources available to invest in and grow our business. Based on our planning assumptions, we believe we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to continue to invest in new products and services, pay our debts and obligations as and when they come due, pay a sustainable regular dividend at the current level, and provide protection within an uncertain global economic environment.

Our key balance sheet metrics include: company cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash, excluding Ford Credit’s cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash (collectively “Company cash”); Company liquidity, which includes Company cash, less restricted cash, and total available committed credit lines; and cash net of debt.

At September 30, 2018 , we had $23.7 billion of Company cash, with 86% held by consolidated entities domiciled in the United States. To be prepared for an economic downturn, we target to have an average ongoing Company cash balance of about $20 billion. We expect to have periods when we will be above or below this amount due to: (i) future cash flow expectations, such as for investments in future opportunities, capital investments, debt maturities, pension contributions, or restructuring requirements, (ii) short-term timing differences, and (iii) changes in the global economic environment.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Our Company cash investments primarily include U.S. Department of Treasury obligations, federal agency securities, bank time deposits with investment-grade institutions, investment-grade corporate securities, investment-grade commercial paper, and debt obligations of a select group of non-U.S. governments, non-U.S. governmental agencies, and supranational institutions. The average maturity of these investments is approximately one year and adjusted based on market conditions and liquidity needs. We monitor our Company cash levels and average maturity on a daily basis.

In addition to our target Company cash balance, we also target to maintain a corporate credit facility, discussed below, for our Automotive business of about $10 billion to protect against exogenous shocks. We assess the appropriate long-term target for total Company liquidity, which includes Company cash and the Automotive portion of the corporate credit facility, to be about $30 billion, which is an amount we believe is sufficient to support our business priorities and to protect our business. At September 30, 2018 , we had $34.7 billion of Company liquidity. We may reduce our Company cash and liquidity targets over time, based on improved operating performance and changes in our risk profile.

Changes in Company Cash. Beginning in 2018, we are reporting Company adjusted operating cash flow, which includes Automotive, Mobility, Corporate Other, and Interest on Debt cash flows, as well as Ford Credit distributions. Prior to 2018, Ford Credit distributions were reported as a non-operating cash flow.

In managing our business, we classify changes in Company cash into operating and other items. Operating items include: Company adjusted EBIT excluding Ford Credit, capital spending, depreciation and tooling amortization, changes in working capital, Ford Credit distributions, and all other and timing differences. Non-operating items include: separation payments, other transactions with Ford Credit, acquisitions and divestitures, changes in Automotive debt, contributions to funded pension plans, and shareholder distributions.

With respect to “Changes in working capital,” in general we carry relatively low Automotive segment trade receivables compared with our trade payables because the majority of our Automotive wholesales are financed (primarily by Ford Credit) immediately upon sale of vehicles to dealers, which generally occurs shortly after being produced. In addition, our inventories are lean because we build to order, not for inventory. In contrast, our Automotive trade payables are based primarily on industry-standard production supplier payment terms generally ranging between 30 days to 45 days. As a result, our cash flow tends to improve as wholesale volumes increase, but can deteriorate significantly when wholesale volumes drop sharply. These working capital balances generally are subject to seasonal changes that can impact cash flow. For example, we typically experience cash flow timing differences associated with inventories and payables due to our annual summer and December shutdown periods, when production, and therefore inventories and wholesale volumes, are usually at their lowest levels, while payables continue to come due and be paid. The net impact of this typically results in cash outflows from changes in our working capital balances during these shutdown periods.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Changes in Company cash excluding Ford Credit are summarized below:

Capital spending was $2 billion in the third quarter of 2018 and $5.6 billion year-to-date. Our outlook for full year 2018 capital spending is about $7.5 billion.

Third quarter 2018 working capital was about $300 million negative reflecting primarily higher inventory, the impact of which will reverse in the fourth quarter. Year-to-date 2018 working capital was $1.3 billion negative, more than explained by higher inventory.

Third quarter and year-to-date 2018 all other and timing differences were negative reflecting primarily interest payments on Automotive and Other debt, cash taxes, and assorted timing differences.

Shareholder distributions were about $700 million in the third quarter of 2018 and $2.5 billion year to date. We expect full year distributions of $3.1 billion.

Available Credit Lines . Total committed Company credit lines excluding Ford Credit at September 30, 2018 were $12 billion, consisting of $10.4 billion of our corporate credit facility and $1.6 billion of local credit facilities. At September 30, 2018 , the utilized portion of the corporate credit facility was $32 million, representing amounts utilized for letters of credit. At September 30, 2018 , the utilized portion of the local credit facilities was about $800 million.

Lenders under our corporate credit facility have commitments to us totaling $13.4 billion, with 75% of the commitments maturing on April 30, 2023 and 25% of the commitments maturing on April 30, 2021. We have allocated $3 billion of commitments to Ford Credit on an irrevocable and exclusive basis to support its liquidity. We would guarantee any borrowings by Ford Credit under the corporate credit facility.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

The corporate credit facility is unsecured and free of material adverse change conditions to borrowing, restrictive financial covenants (for example, interest or fixed-charge coverage ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and minimum net worth requirements), and credit rating triggers that could limit our ability to obtain funding. The corporate credit facility contains a liquidity covenant that requires us to maintain a minimum of $4 billion in aggregate of domestic cash, cash equivalents, and loaned and marketable securities and/or availability under the facility. If our senior, unsecured, long-term debt does not maintain at least two investment grade ratings from Fitch, Moody’s, and S&P, the guarantees of certain subsidiaries will be required.

Debt. As shown in Note 14 of the Notes to the Financial Statements, at September 30, 2018 , Company debt excluding Ford Credit was $15.3 billion and Automotive debt was $14.7 billion. Both balances were about $1.2 billion lower than December 31, 2017 , reflecting primarily U.S. debt repayments and exchange.

Leverage. We manage Automotive debt levels with a leverage framework to maintain investment grade credit ratings through a normal business cycle. The leverage framework includes a ratio of Automotive debt, underfunded pension liabilities, operating leases, and other adjustments, divided by Company adjusted EBIT, excluding Ford Credit EBT, and further adjusted for depreciation, amortization, and other adjustments. Ford Credit’s leverage is calculated as a separate business as described in the Liquidity - Ford Credit Segment section of Item 2. Ford Credit is self-funding and its debt, which is used to fund its operations, is separate from our Automotive debt.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Ford Credit Segment

Funding Overview. Ford Credit’s primary funding and liquidity objective is to be well capitalized with a strong balance sheet and ample liquidity to support its financing activities and growth under a variety of market conditions, including short-term and long-term market disruptions. Ford Credit’s funding strategy remains focused on diversification, and it plans to continue accessing a variety of markets, channels, and investors.

Ford Credit’s liquidity profile continues to be diverse, robust, and focused on maintaining liquidity levels that meet its business and funding requirements. Ford Credit annually stress tests its balance sheet and liquidity to ensure that it continues to meet its financial obligations through economic cycles.

Funding Portfolio. The chart below shows the trends in funding for Ford Credit’s managed receivables:

Managed receivables of $152 billion as of September 30, 2018, were funded primarily with term debt and term asset-backed securities. Securitized funding as a percent of managed receivables was 36%. Ford Credit expects the mix of securitized funding to remain at about 35%. The calendarization of the funding plan will result in quarterly fluctuations of the securitized funding percentage.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Public Term Funding Plan. The following chart shows Ford Credit’s issuances for full-year 2016 and 2017, planned issuances for full-year 2018, and its global public term funding issuances through October 23, 2018, excluding short-term funding programs:

Ford Credit’s total unsecured public term funding plan is categorized by currency of issuance. Ford Credit plans to continue issuing its European debt from the United States. For 2018, Ford Credit now projects full-year public term funding in the range of $28 billion to $30 billion. Within the unsecured term funding plan, Ford Credit forecasts higher full-year issuance in euros and pounds sterling, and lower full-year issuance in U.S. dollars compared with 2017. This reflects opportunistic issuances in euros completed in the first half of 2018, much of which supported Ford Credit’s funding requirements in the United States. Through October 23, 2018, Ford Credit has completed $24 billion of public term issuances.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Liquidity. The following chart shows Ford Credit’s liquidity sources and utilization:

Ford Credit’s liquidity available for use will fluctuate quarterly based on factors including near-term debt maturities, receivable growth, and timing of funding transactions. Ford Credit targets liquidity of about $25 billion. At September 30, 2018, Ford Credit’s liquidity available for use was about $500 million lower than at year-end 2017.

Ford Credit’s sources of liquidity include cash, committed asset-backed facilities, unsecured credit facilities, and the corporate credit facility allocation.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Leverage. Ford Credit uses leverage, or the debt-to-equity ratio, to make various business decisions, including evaluating and establishing pricing for finance receivable and operating lease financing, and assessing its capital structure.

The chart below shows the calculation of Ford Credit’s financial statement leverage and managed leverage:

Ford Credit plans its managed leverage by considering prevailing market conditions and the risk characteristics of its business. At September 30, 2018, Ford Credit’s financial statement leverage was 9.1:1, and its managed leverage was 8.4:1. Ford Credit targets managed leverage in the range of 8:1 to 9:1.

Total Company

Pension Plans - Underfunded Balances. As of September 30, 2018 , our total Company pension underfunded status reported on our balance sheet was $5.3 billion and reflects the net underfunded status at December 31, 2017 , updated for service and interest cost, expected return on assets, separation expense, interim remeasurement expense, actual benefit payments, and cash contributions. The discount rate and rate of expected return assumptions are unchanged from year-end 2017, and the reported number does not reflect the impact from any change in interest rates or asset returns since year-end 2017.

Based on our planning assumptions for asset returns, discount rates, and contributions, we expect our funded status to improve at year-end 2018 compared to the end of 2017.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

CREDIT RATINGS

Our short-term and long-term debt is rated by four credit rating agencies designated as nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission: DBRS, Fitch, Moody’s, and S&P.

In several markets, locally-recognized rating agencies also rate us. A credit rating reflects an assessment by the rating agency of the credit risk associated with a corporate entity or particular securities issued by that entity. Rating agencies’ ratings of us are based on information provided by us and other sources. Credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold securities, and are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. Each rating agency may have different criteria for evaluating company risk and, therefore, ratings should be evaluated independently for each rating agency.

The following rating actions were taken by these NRSROs since the filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.


•	On July 27, 2018, S&P revised the outlook to negative from stable for Ford and Ford Credit and affirmed their ratings.


•	On August 29, 2018, Moody’s downgraded the credit ratings for Ford and Ford Credit to Baa3 with a negative outlook from Baa2 with a negative outlook.

The following chart summarizes certain of the credit ratings and outlook presently assigned by these four NRSROs:

NRSRO RATINGS

Ford

Ford Credit

NRSROs

Issuer

Default /

Corporate /

Issuer Rating

Long-Term Senior Unsecured

Outlook / Trend

Long-Term Senior Unsecured

Short-Term

Unsecured

Outlook / Trend

Minimum Long-Term Investment Grade Rating

DBRS

BBB

Stable

BBB

R-2M

Stable

BBB (low)

Fitch

BBB

Stable

BBB

Stable

BBB-

Moody’s

N/A

Baa3

Negative

Baa3

P-3

Negative

Baa3

S&P

BBB

Negative

BBB

A-2

Negative

BBB-

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

OUTLOOK

Based on the current economic environment, our Company guidance for 2018 includes the following:

We continue to expect full year Company adjusted EPS of $1.30 to $1.50 per share.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE RECONCILIATIONS

The following charts show our Non-GAAP financial measure reconciliations for: Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted Earnings Per Share, Adjusted Effective Tax Rate, Adjusted Operating Cash Flow, and Ford Credit Managed Receivables. The GAAP reconciliation for Ford Credit Managed Leverage can be found in the Ford Credit Segment section of “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Supplemental Information

The tables below provide supplemental consolidating financial information, other financial information, and U.S. sales by type. Company excluding Ford Credit includes our Automotive and Mobility reportable segments, Corporate Other, Interest on Debt, and Special Items. Eliminations, where presented, primarily represent eliminations of intersegment transactions and deferred tax netting.

Selected Income Statement Information. The following table provides supplemental income statement information (in millions):



	For the period ended September 30, 2018
	Third Quarter
	Company excluding Ford Credit
	Automotive			Mobility			Other (a)			Subtotal			Ford Credit		Consolidated
Revenues	$	34,660		$	8		$	—		$	34,668		$	2,998	$	37,666
Total costs and expenses	33,855			204			391			34,450			2,352		36,802
Interest expense on Automotive debt	—			—			328			328			—		328
Interest expense on Other debt	—			—			15			15			—		15
Other income/(loss), net	637			—			(56		)	581			24		605
Equity in net income of affiliated companies	(40		)	—			—			(40		)	8		(32		)
Income/(loss) before income taxes	1,402			(196		)	(790		)	416			678		1,094
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes	171			(47		)	(183		)	(59		)	160		101
Net income/(Loss)	1,231			(149		)	(607		)	475			518		993
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	2			—			—			2			—		2
Net income/(Loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company	$	1,229		$	(149	)	$	(607	)	$	473		$	518	$	991

(a) Other includes Corporate Other, Interest on Debt, and Special Items



	For the period ended September 30, 2018
	First Nine Months
	Company excluding Ford Credit
	Automotive		Mobility			Other (a)			Subtotal		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Revenues	$	109,577	$	18		$	—		$	109,595	$	8,950	$	118,545
Total costs and expenses	107,570		555			797			108,922		7,052		115,974
Interest expense on Automotive debt	—		—			890			890		—		890
Interest expense on Other debt	—		—			43			43		—		43
Other income/(loss), net	2,052		58			316			2,426		46		2,472
Equity in net income of affiliated companies	232		—			—			232		20		252
Income/(loss) before income taxes	4,291		(479		)	(1,414		)	2,398		1,964		4,362
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes	737		(115		)	(333		)	289		266		555
Net income/(Loss)	3,554		(364		)	(1,081		)	2,109		1,698		3,807
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	14		—			—			14		—		14
Net income/(Loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company	$	3,540	$	(364	)	$	(1,081	)	$	2,095	$	1,698	$	3,793

(a) Other includes Corporate Other, Interest on Debt, and Special Items

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Selected Balance Sheet Information. The following tables provide supplemental balance sheet information (in millions):



	September 30, 2018
Assets	Company excluding Ford Credit		Ford Credit		Eliminations			Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,565	$	10,997	$	—		$	18,562
Marketable securities	16,040		1,740		—			17,780
Ford Credit finance receivables, net	—		50,818		—			50,818
Trade and other receivables, less allowances	3,962		7,282		—			11,244
Inventories	12,810		—		—			12,810
Other assets	2,401		1,228		—			3,629
Receivable from other segments	846		1,371		(2,217		)	—
Total current assets	43,624		73,436		(2,217		)	114,843

Ford Credit finance receivables, net	—		57,043		—			57,043
Net investment in operating leases	1,970		27,570		—			29,540
Net property	35,575		187		—			35,762
Equity in net assets of affiliated companies	2,750		108		—			2,858
Deferred income taxes	12,172		225		(1,844		)	10,553
Other assets	6,975		1,392		—			8,367
Receivable from other segments	59		15		(74		)	—
Total assets	$	103,125	$	159,976	$	(4,135	)	$	258,966



Liabilities	Company excluding Ford Credit		Ford Credit		Eliminations			Consolidated
Payables	$	22,140	$	1,133	$	—		$	23,273
Other liabilities and deferred revenue	19,256		1,458		—			20,714
Automotive debt payable within one year	3,216		—		—			3,216
Ford Credit debt payable within one year	—		47,547		—			47,547
Payable to other segments	2,217		—		(2,217		)	—
Total current liabilities	46,829		50,138		(2,217		)	94,750

Other liabilities and deferred revenue	22,630		1,598		—			24,228
Automotive long-term debt	11,448		—		—			11,448
Ford Credit long-term debt	—		90,620		—			90,620
Other long-term debt	600		—		—			600
Deferred income taxes	101		2,345		(1,844		)	602
Payable to other segments	18		56		(74		)	—
Total liabilities	$	81,626	$	144,757	$	(4,135	)	$	222,248

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Selected Cash Flow Information. The following tables provide supplemental cash flow information (in millions):



	For the period ended September 30, 2018
	First Nine Months
Cash flows from operating activities	Company excluding Ford Credit		Ford Credit		Eliminations		Consolidated
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	$	4,262	$	9,403	$	—	$	13,665



Cash flows from investing activities	Company excluding Ford Credit			Ford Credit			Eliminations			Consolidated
Capital spending	$	(5,635	)	$	(34	)	$	—		$	(5,669	)
Acquisitions of finance receivables and operating leases	—			(48,227		)	—			(48,227		)
Collections of finance receivables and operating leases	—			38,418			—			38,418
Purchases of marketable and other securities	(11,146		)	(3,401		)	—			(14,547		)
Sales and maturities of marketable and other securities	12,837			4,504			—			17,341
Settlements of derivatives	62			228			—			290
Other	(198		)	(3		)	—			(201		)
Investing activity (to)/from other segments	2,069			154			(2,223		)	—
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	$	(2,011	)	$	(8,361	)	$	(2,223	)	$	(12,595	)



Cash flows from financing activities	Company excluding Ford Credit			Ford Credit			Eliminations		Consolidated
Cash dividends	$	(2,308	)	$	—		$	—	$	(2,308	)
Purchases of common stock	(164		)	—			—		(164		)
Net changes in short-term debt	403			(1,671		)	—		(1,268		)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	176			37,035			—		37,211
Principal payments on long-term debt	(1,347		)	(32,588		)	—		(33,935		)
Other	(42		)	(142		)	—		(184		)
Financing activity to/(from) other segments	(154		)	(2,069		)	2,223		—
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	$	(3,436	)	$	565		$	2,223	$	(648	)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(160	)	$	(145	)	$	—	$	(305	)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Selected Other Information.

Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses for the third quarter of 2018 were $34.5 billion, an increase of about $1.3 billion compared with the third quarter of 2017. Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses for the first nine months of 2018 were $108.9 billion, an increase of $4.2 billion compared with the first nine months of 2017. The detail for these changes is shown below (in billions):



	2018 Lower/(Higher) 2017
	Third Quarter			First Nine Months
Volume and mix, exchange, and other	$	0.1		$	(1.3	)
Contribution costs
Material excluding commodities	(0.4		)	(0.8		)
Commodities	(0.4		)	(1.2		)
Warranty	(0.4		)	(0.4		)
Freight	(0.1		)	(0.2		)
Structural costs	(0.1		)	(0.5		)
Special items	—			0.2
Total	$	(1.3	)	$	(4.2	)

Equity. At September 30, 2018 , total equity attributable to Ford was $36.6 billion, an increase of about $1 billion compared with December 31, 2017 . The detail for this change is shown below (in billions):



	Increase/ (Decrease)
Net income	$	3.8
Shareholder distributions	(2.5		)
Other comprehensive income	(0.5		)
Common Stock issued (including share-based compensation impacts)	0.2
Total	$	1.0

U.S. Sales by Type. The following table shows third quarter 2018 U.S. sales volume and U.S. wholesales segregated by truck, SUV, and car sales. U.S. sales volume reflects transactions with (i) retail and fleet customers (as reported by dealers), (ii) governments, and (iii) Ford management. U.S. wholesales reflect sales to dealers.



	U.S. Sales	U.S. Wholesales
Trucks	284,734	284,118
SUVs	215,687	188,248
Cars	109,513	77,834
Total Vehicles	609,934	550,200

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

Statements included or incorporated by reference herein may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on expectations, forecasts, and assumptions by our management and involve a number of risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated, including, without limitation:


•	Ford’s long-term competitiveness depends on the successful execution of fitness actions;


•	Industry sales volume, particularly in the United States, Europe, or China, could decline if there is a financial crisis, recession, or significant geopolitical event;


•	Ford’s new and existing products and mobility services are subject to market acceptance;


•	Ford’s results are dependent on sales of larger, more profitable vehicles, particularly in the United States;


•	Ford may face increased price competition resulting from industry excess capacity, currency fluctuations, or other factors;


•	Fluctuations in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates can have a significant effect on results;


•	With a global footprint, Ford’s results could be adversely affected by economic, geopolitical, protectionist trade policies, or other events;


•	Ford’s production, as well as Ford’s suppliers’ production, could be disrupted by labor disputes, natural or man-made disasters, financial distress, production difficulties, or other factors;


•	Ford’s ability to maintain a competitive cost structure could be affected by labor or other constraints;


•	Pension and other postretirement liabilities could adversely affect Ford’s liquidity and financial condition;


•	Economic and demographic experience for pension and other postretirement benefit plans (e.g., discount rates or investment returns) could be worse than Ford has assumed;


•	Ford’s vehicles could be affected by defects that result in delays in new model launches, recall campaigns, or increased warranty costs;


•	Safety, emissions, fuel economy, and other regulations affecting Ford may become more stringent;


•	Ford could experience unusual or significant litigation, governmental investigations, or adverse publicity arising out of alleged defects in products, perceived environmental impacts, or otherwise;


•	Ford’s receipt of government incentives could be subject to reduction, termination, or clawback;


•	Operational systems, security systems, and vehicles could be affected by cyber incidents;


•	Ford Credit’s access to debt, securitization, or derivative markets around the world at competitive rates or in sufficient amounts could be affected by credit rating downgrades, market volatility, market disruption, regulatory requirements, or other factors;


•	Ford Credit could experience higher-than-expected credit losses, lower-than-anticipated residual values, or higher-than-expected return volumes for leased vehicles;


•	Ford Credit could face increased competition from banks, financial institutions, or other third parties seeking to increase their share of financing Ford vehicles; and


•	Ford Credit could be subject to new or increased credit regulations, consumer or data protection regulations, or other regulations.

We cannot be certain that any expectation, forecast, or assumption made in preparing forward-looking statements will prove accurate, or that any projection will be realized. It is to be expected that there may be differences between projected and actual results. Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of their initial issuance, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. For additional discussion, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K Report, as updated by our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ISSUED BUT NOT YET ADOPTED

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued the following Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”). ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2016-13 are expected to have a material impact to our financial statements or financial statement disclosures. For additional information, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Financial Statements.



ASU		Effective Date (a)
2018-08	Clarifying the Scope and the Accounting Guidance for Contributions Received and Contributions Made	January 1, 2019
2018-07	Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting	January 1, 2019
2018-02	Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	January 1, 2019
2016-02	Leases	January 1, 2019 (b)
2018-15	Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract	January 1, 2020
2018-13	Fair Value Measurement - Changes to the Disclosure Requirement for Fair Value Measurement	January 1, 2020
2016-13	Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments	January 1, 2020
2018-14	Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefits Plans	January 1, 2021
2018-12	Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long Duration Contracts	January 1, 2021

__________


(a)	Early adoption for each of the standards is permitted.


(b)	The FASB has issued the following updates to the Leases standard: ASU 2018-01 (Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842) and ASU 2018-11 (Leases Topic 842 - Targeted Improvements). We will adopt the new Leases standard effective January 1, 2019.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Automotive Segment

Foreign Currency Risk. The net fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts (including adjustments for credit risk) as of September 30, 2018 , was an asset of $138 million, compared with a liability of $22 million as of December 31, 2017. The potential decrease in fair value from a 10% adverse change in the underlying exchange rates, in U.S. dollar terms, was $2.6 billion at September 30, 2018 , compared with $2.8 billion at December 31, 2017 .

Commodity Price Risk. The net fair value of commodity forward contracts (including adjustments for credit risk) as of September 30, 2018 , was a liability of $40 million, compared with an asset of $33 million at December 31, 2017 . The potential decrease in fair value from a 10% adverse change in the underlying commodity prices, in U.S. dollar terms, was $70 million at September 30, 2018 , compared with $69 million at December 31, 2017 .

Ford Credit Segment

Interest Rate Risk . To provide a quantitative measure of the sensitivity of its pre-tax cash flow to changes in interest rates, Ford Credit uses interest rate scenarios that assume a hypothetical, instantaneous increase or decrease of one percentage point in all interest rates across all maturities (a “parallel shift”), as well as a base case that assumes that all interest rates remain constant at existing levels. The differences in pre-tax cash flow between these scenarios and the base case over a 12-month period represent an estimate of the sensitivity of Ford Credit’s pre-tax cash flow . Under this model, Ford Credit estimates that at September 30, 2018 , all else constant, such an increase in interest rates would increase its pre-tax cash flow by $15 million over the next 12 months, compared with an increase of $14 million at December 31, 2017 . In reality, interest rate changes are rarely instantaneous or parallel and rates could move more or less than the one percentage point assumed in Ford Credit’s analysis. As a result, the actual impact to pre-tax cash flow could be higher or lower than the results detailed above.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. James P. Hackett, our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), and Bob Shanks, our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), have performed an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as of September 30, 2018 , and each has concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified by SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the CEO and CFO to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. During the third quarter of 2018, we launched a new non-production order procurement system in Europe. In subsequent periods, the system will be launched in North America and the rest of the world.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings.

European Competition Law Matter. On October 5, 2018, FCE Bank plc received a notice from the Italian Competition Authority (the “ICA”) concerning an alleged violation of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The ICA alleges that FCE Bank plc and other parties engaged in anti-competitive practices in relation to the automotive finance market in Italy. If a violation is found, a broad range of remedies is available to the ICA, including imposing a fine against FCE Bank plc that could be material. To avoid penalties, FCE Bank plc could be required to pay a fine and then seek reimbursement of the payment through the appellate process.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

In 2018, we repurchased shares of Ford Common Stock from our employees or directors related to certain exercises of stock options, in accordance with our various compensation plans. We also repurchased shares through a modest anti-dilutive share repurchase program to offset the dilutive effect of share-based compensation granted during 2018 and the shares issued in the Autonomic transaction described in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018. The plan authorized repurchases of up to 28.5 million shares of Ford Common Stock. During the first quarter of 2018, we repurchased 8,015,658 shares of Ford Common Stock. During the third quarter of 2018, we repurchased shares of Ford Common Stock as follows:



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly- Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018	8,000,000	$	9.42	8,000,000	12,500,000
Total/Average	8,000,000	$	9.42

ITEM 6. Exhibits.



Designation	Description	Method of Filing
Exhibit 12	Calculation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.	Filed with this Report.
Exhibit 31.1	Rule 15d-14(a) Certification of CEO.	Filed with this Report.
Exhibit 31.2	Rule 15d-14(a) Certification of CFO.	Filed with this Report.
Exhibit 32.1	Section 1350 Certification of CEO.	Furnished with this Report.
Exhibit 32.2	Section 1350 Certification of CFO.	Furnished with this Report.
Exhibit 101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.	*
Exhibit 101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	*
Exhibit 101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	*
Exhibit 101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	*
Exhibit 101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	*
Exhibit 101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	*

__________

* Submitted electronically with this Report in accordance with the provisions of Regulation S-T.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

FORD MOTOR COMPANY



By:	/s/ Cathy O’Callaghan
	Cathy O’Callaghan, Vice President and Controller
	(principal accounting officer)

Date:	October 24, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I. Financial Informationprint Item 1. Financial Statementsprint Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)print Item 1. Financial Statements (continued) Ford Motor Company and Subsidiaries Notes To The Financial Statementsprint Note 1. Presentationprint Note 1. Presentation (continued)print Note 2. New Accounting Standardsprint Note 3. Revenueprint Note 3. Revenue (continued)print Note 4. Other Income/(loss)print Note 5. Income Taxesprint Note 6. Capital Stock and Earnings Per Shareprint Note 7. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securitiesprint Note 7. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities (continued)print Note 8. Ford Credit Finance Receivablesprint Note 8. Ford Credit Finance Receivables (continued)print Note 9. Ford Credit Allowance For Credit Lossesprint Note 10. Inventoriesprint Note 11. Goodwillprint Note 12. Other Liabilities and Deferred Revenueprint Note 13. Retirement Benefitsprint Note 14. Debtprint Note 15. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activitiesprint Note 15. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities (continued)print Note 16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(loss)print Note 17. Commitments and Contingenciesprint Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies (continued)print Note 18. Segment Informationprint Note 18. Segment Information (continued)print Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operationsprint Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations (continued)print Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Riskprint Item 4. Controls and Proceduresprint Part II. Other Informationprint Item 1. Legal Proceedingsprint Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceedsprint Item 6. Exhibitsprint

Exhibits

Exhibit 12 Calculation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges. Filed with this Report. Exhibit 31.1 Rule 15d-14(a) Certification of CEO. Filed with this Report. Exhibit 31.2 Rule 15d-14(a) Certification of CFO. Filed with this Report. Exhibit 32.1 Section 1350 Certification of CEO. Furnished with this Report. Exhibit 32.2 Section 1350 Certification of CFO. Furnished with this Report.

Customer name	Ticker
The Allstate Corporation	ALL
Avis Budget Group, Inc.	CAR
FedEx Corporation	FDX
J.B. Hunt Transport Services, Inc.	JBHT
Mercury General Corporation	MCY
YRC Worldwide Inc.	YRCW
Ryder System, Inc.	R
Sabre Corporation	SABR
Werner Enterprises, Inc.	WERN

Supplier name	Ticker
QUALCOMM Incorporated	QCOM
Danaher Corporation	DHR
Canaan Inc.	CAN
Honeywell International Inc.	HON
3M Company	MMM
ORIX Corporation	IX
Caterpillar Inc.	CAT
General Electric Company	GE
CSX Corporation	CSX
Dominion Energy, Inc.	D
Illinois Tool Works Inc.	ITW
General Motors Company	GM
General Motors Company	GM
Norfolk Southern Corporation	NSC
Honda Motor Co., Ltd.	HMC
Eaton Corporation plc	ETN
DuPont de Nemours, Inc.	DD
Emerson Electric Co.	EMR
Roper Technologies, Inc.	ROP
Exelon Corporation	EXC

F 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2018

Exhibits