FINW 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2024

FINWISE BANCORP

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

__________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

__________________________________________________

(Mark One)


x			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024


o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________to ______.

Commission File Number: 001-40721

__________________________________________________

FINWISE BANCORP

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

__________________________________________________


Utah			83-0356689
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
756 East Winchester, Suite 100
Murray , Utah			84107
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: ( 801 ) 501-7200

__________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading
Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

FINW

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

As of November 11, 2024, the registrant had 13,211,160 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

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FinWise Bancorp

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		Page

	Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	3

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	5

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Consolidated Statements of Income	6
	C onsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	7
	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	8
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	10
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	55
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	55

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	56

Item 1.	Legal Proceeding s	56
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	56
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	56
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	56
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	56
Item 5.	Other Information	56
Item 6.	Exhibits	57
Signatures		58

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”), unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company” and “FinWise Bancorp” refer to FinWise Bancorp and its wholly owned subsidiaries, FinWise Bank (which we sometimes refer to as “FinWise Bank,” “FinWise,” “the Bank” or “our Bank,”) and FinWise Investment, LLC.

This Report contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “might,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “projection,” “forecast,” “budget,” “goal,” “target,” “would,” “aim” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry and management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. The inclusion of these forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that such expectations, estimates and projections will be achieved. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

The following factors, among others, could cause our financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in such forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following:

• the success of the financial technology and banking-as-a-service (“BaaS”) industries, as well as the continued evolution of the regulation of these industries;

• the ability of our Strategic Program or Fintech Banking and Payment Solutions service providers to comply with regulatory regimes, and our ability to adequately oversee and monitor our Strategic Program and Fintech Banking and Payment Solutions service providers;

• our ability to maintain and grow our relationships with our service providers;

• changes in the laws, rules, regulations, interpretations or policies relating to financial institutions, accounting, tax, trade, monetary and fiscal matters, including the application of interest rate caps or maximums;

• our ability to keep pace with rapid technological changes in the industry or implement new technology effectively;

• system failure or cybersecurity breaches of our network security;

• potential exposure to fraud, negligence, computer theft and cyber-crime and other disruptions in our computer systems relating to our development and use of new technology platforms;

• our reliance on third-party service providers for core systems support, informational website hosting, internet services, online account opening and other processing services;

• general economic conditions and business conditions, either nationally or in our market areas;

• increased national or regional competition in the financial services industry;

• our ability to measure and manage our credit risk effectively and the potential deterioration of the business and economic conditions in our primary market areas;

• the adequacy of our risk management framework;

• the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses (“ACL”);

• the financial soundness of other financial institutions;

• changes in Small Business Administration (“SBA”) rules, regulations and loan products, including specifically the Section 7(a) program, or changes to the status of the Bank as an SBA Preferred Lender;

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• changes in the existing regulatory framework for brokered deposits and potential reclassification of certain BaaS deposits as brokered deposits in light of proposed rulemaking or application of the current deposit framework by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) to the Bank's BaaS deposits;

• the value of collateral securing our loans;

• our levels of nonperforming assets;

• losses from loan defaults;

• our ability to protect our intellectual property and the risks we face with respect to claims and litigation initiated against us;

• our ability to implement our growth strategy;

• our ability to continue to launch new products or services successfully;

• the concentration of our lending and depositor relationships through Strategic Programs in the financial technology industry generally;

• interest rate and liquidity risks;

• the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and our ability to remediate any future material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting;

• dependence on our management team and changes in management composition;

• the sufficiency of our capital;

• compliance with laws and regulations, supervisory actions, the Dodd-Frank Act, capital requirements, the Bank Secrecy Act, anti-money laundering laws, predatory lending laws, and other statutes and regulations;

• our ability to maintain a strong core deposit base or other low-cost funding sources;

• results of examinations of us by our regulators;

• our involvement from time to time in legal proceedings;

• natural disasters and adverse weather, acts of terrorism, pandemics, an outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic calamities, and other matters beyond our control;

• future equity and debt issuances;

• that the anticipated benefits new lines of business that we may enter or investments or acquisitions we may make are not realized within the expected time frame or at all as a result of such things as the strength or weakness of the economy and competitive factors in the areas where we and such other businesses operate; and

• other factors listed from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including, without limitation, this Report, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”) and subsequent reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K.

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this Report, including those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors.” If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from our forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this Report, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether because of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict their occurrence. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each risk and uncertainty on our business or the extent to which any risk or uncertainty, or combination of risks and uncertainties, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

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PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

FinWise Bancorp

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and par value amounts)


	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
ASSETS	(Unaudited)
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and due from banks	$	7,705	$	411
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	78,063		116,564
Total cash and cash equivalents	85,768		116,975
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 0 , (amortized cost of $ 30.0 million)	30,472		—
Investment securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 0 , (fair value of $ 12.2 million and $ 13.8 million, respectively)	13,270		15,388
Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") stock, at cost	349		238
Strategic Program loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or fair value	84,000		47,514
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 12.7 million and $ 12.9 million, respectively	418,065		358,560
Premises and equipment, net	17,099		14,630
Accrued interest receivable	3,098		3,573

Small Business Administration (“SBA”) servicing asset, net	3,261		4,231
Investment in Business Funding Group ("BFG"), at fair value	7,900		4,200
Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets	3,735		4,293
Income taxes receivable, net	3,317		2,400
Other assets	12,697		14,219
Total assets	$	683,031	$	586,221

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing	$	142,785	$	95,486
Interest-bearing	345,874		309,347
Total deposits	488,659		404,833
Accrued interest payable	647		619
Income taxes payable, net	—		1,873
Deferred income taxes, net	1,036		748
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility	106		190
Operating lease liabilities	5,542		6,296
Other liabilities	16,671		16,606
Total liabilities	512,661		431,165

Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)

Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $ 0.001 par value, 4,000,000 authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	—		—
Common stock, $ 0.001 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized; 13,211,160 and 12,493,565 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	13		12
Additional paid-in-capital	56,214		51,200
Retained earnings	113,801		103,844
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	342		—
Total shareholders’ equity	170,370		155,056
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	683,031	$	586,221

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FinWise Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$	17,590	$	15,555	$	50,506	$	42,252
Interest on securities	298		88		496		237
Other interest income	1,036		1,569		3,989		3,993
Total interest income	18,924		17,212		54,991		46,482

Interest expense
Interest on deposits	4,161		2,801		11,607		6,290

Total interest expense	4,161		2,801		11,607		6,290
Net interest income	14,763		14,411		43,384		40,192

Provision for credit losses	2,157		3,070		7,696		8,429
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	12,606		11,341		35,688		31,763

Non-interest income
Strategic Program fees	4,862		3,945		12,862		11,684
Gain on sale of loans, net	393		357		1,164		1,244
SBA loan servicing fees, net	87		( 138 )		957		1,271
Change in fair value on investment in BFG	( 100 )		( 500 )		( 425 )		( 800 )
Other miscellaneous income	812		1,228		2,324		1,900
Total non-interest income	6,054		4,892		16,882		15,299

Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	9,659		6,416		25,830		18,354
Professional services	1,331		750		4,180		3,529
Occupancy and equipment expenses	1,046		958		3,147		2,388

Other operating expenses	2,013		1,609		6,115		4,790
Total non-interest expense	14,049		9,733		39,272		29,061
Income before income taxes	4,611		6,500		13,298		18,001
Provision for income taxes	1,157		1,696		3,349		4,698
Net income	$	3,454	$	4,804	$	9,949	$	13,303

Earnings per share, basic	$	0.26	$	0.38	$	0.77	$	1.04
Earnings per share, diluted	$	0.25	$	0.37	$	0.74	$	1.01

Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	12,658,557		12,387,392		12,596,496		12,565,218
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	13,257,835		12,868,207		13,167,315		13,008,833

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FinWise Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net income	$	3,454	$	4,804	$	9,949	$	13,303
Other comprehensive income, before income taxes
Securities available-for-sale
Unrealized holding gain	$	451	$	—	$	451	$	—
Income tax expense related to unrealized holding gain	( 109 )		—		( 109 )		—
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	342		—		342		—

Comprehensive income	$	3,796	$	4,804	$	10,291	$	13,303

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FinWise Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024


	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at June 30, 2024	13,143,560	$	13	$	55,441	$	110,342	$	—	$	165,796
Stock-based compensation expense	64,600	—		766		—		—		766
Common stock repurchased and retired	—	—		—		5		—		5
Stock options exercised, net	3,000	—		7		—		—		7

Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		342		342
Net income	—	—		—		3,454		—		3,454
Balance at September 30, 2024	13,211,160	$	13	$	56,214	$	113,801	$	342	$	170,370

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024


	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023	12,493,565	$	12	$	51,200	$	103,844	$	—	$	155,056
Stock-based compensation expense	393,910	—		1,335		—		—		1,335
Stock options exercised, net	29,117	—		24		—		—		24
Common stock repurchased and retired	( 44,608 )	—		( 469 )		8		—		( 461 )
BFG ownership purchase	339,176	1		4,124		—		—		4,125
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		342		342
Net income	—	—		—		9,949		—		9,949
Balance at September 30, 2024	13,211,160	$	13	$	56,214	$	113,801	$	342	$	170,370

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FinWise Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) (continued)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023


	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at June 30, 2023	12,723,703	$	13	$	52,625	$	94,810	$	147,448
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		499		—		499
Common stock repurchased and retired	( 230,978 )	( 1 )		( 2,425 )		73		( 2,353 )
Stock options exercised, net	840	—		4		—		4
Net income	—	—		—		4,804		4,804
Balance at September 30, 2023	12,493,565	$	12	$	50,703	$	99,687	$	150,402

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023


	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022	12,831,345	$	13	$	54,614	$	85,832	$	140,459
Adjustment for adoption of ASC 2016-13, net of tax	—	—		—		( 212 )		( 212 )
Stock-based compensation expense	168,821	—		1,549		—		1,549
Common stock repurchased and retired	( 524,241 )	( 1 )		( 5,504 )		764		( 4,741 )
Stock options exercised, net	17,640	—		44		—		44
Net income	—	—		—		13,303		13,303
Balance at September 30, 2023	12,493,565	$	12	$	50,703	$	99,687	$	150,402

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FinWise Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	9,949	$	13,303

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,154		2,844
Provision for credit losses	7,696		8,429
Noncash operating lease cost	558		560
Net (accretion) amortization in securities discounts and premiums	( 17 )		—
Additions to servicing asset	—		( 150 )
Gain on sale of loans, net	( 1,164 )		( 1,244 )
Originations of Strategic Program loans held-for-sale	( 3,594,347 )		( 2,929,506 )
Proceeds from sale of Strategic Program loans held-for-sale	3,557,861		2,907,384
Change in fair value of BFG	425		800
Recovery of SBA servicing asset	( 822 )		( 255 )
Stock-based compensation expense	1,335		1,549
Deferred income taxes	179		1,401
Net changes in:
Accrued interest receivable	475		( 892 )
Other assets	605		( 2,122 )
Accrued interest payable	28		526
Operating lease liabilities	( 754 )		( 475 )
Other liabilities	( 1,809 )		385
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	( 15,648 )		2,537

Cash flows from investing activities:
Net increase in loans receivable	( 51,070 )		( 85,325 )
Purchase of lease pools	( 14,967 )		( 22,052 )
Investment in equity securities	—		( 18 )
Purchase of bank premises and equipment, net	( 4,830 )		( 6,329 )
Purchase of investment securities available-for-sale	( 30,018 )		—
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of securities held-to-maturity	2,132		1,392
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity	—		( 2,939 )
Purchase of FHLB stock	( 111 )		( 27 )
Net cash used in investing activities	( 98,864 )		( 115,298 )

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits	83,826		143,755
Common stock repurchased	( 461 )		( 4,741 )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	24		44
Repayment of PPP Liquidity Facility	( 84 )		( 93 )
Net cash provided by financing activities	83,305		138,965

Net change in cash and cash equivalents	( 31,207 )		26,204
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period	116,975		100,567
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period	$	85,768	$	126,771

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	4,400	$	5,050
Cash paid for interest	$	11,579	$	5,764

Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities:
Increase in BFG investment in exchange for shares of the Company’s common stock	$	4,125	$	—
Unrealized gain on investment securities available-for-sale	$	451	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FinWise Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 – Business, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business and Organization – FinWise Bancorp is a Utah bank holding company headquartered in Murray, Utah and operates all business activities through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, FinWise Bank ("Bank") and FinWise Investment, LLC. The Bank provides a full range of banking services to individual and commercial customers and provides banking and payments solutions to fintech brands. As a technology-focused bank, the Bank also has established Strategic Programs with various third-party platforms that use technology to streamline the origination of consumer and business loans and process payments.

References to “FinWise Bancorp,” “Bancorp” or the “holding company,” refer to FinWise Bancorp on a standalone basis. References to the “Company” refer to FinWise Bancorp, FinWise Bank, and FinWise Investment, LLC collectively and on a consolidated basis.

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, all the adjustments (consisting of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary for the fair statement of the consolidated financial condition and the consolidated results of operations for the periods presented have been included. The results of operations and other data presented for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for subsequent periods or the full year results. The consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2023 was derived from audited financial statements; however, the accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all of the annual disclosures required by GAAP and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation. Certain of these reclassifications relate to the change in fair value of our SBA servicing asset, which was reclassified from non-interest expense to non-interest income to better align with the SBA servicing asset revenue and the associated costs. The effect of these reclassifications were not material to the previously reported consolidated financial statements.

Stock Repurchase Program – On March 7, 2024, the Company announced that its Board of Directors (the “Board”) had authorized, effective March 6, 2024, a common stock repurchase program to purchase up to 641,832 shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate. The repurchase program authorizes the repurchase by the Company of its common stock in open market transactions, including pursuant to a trading plan in accordance with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or privately negotiated transactions. Repurchases could also be made pursuant to a trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, which would permit shares to be repurchased when the Company might otherwise be precluded from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or other regulatory restrictions. The Share Repurchase Committee, designated by the Board of Directors, will determine the actual timing, number and value of any shares repurchased in its discretion depending on a variety of factors, including but not limited to, the market price and trading volume of the Company’s common stock, general market and economic conditions, the ongoing assessment of the Company’s capital needs, and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular number of shares and may be limited or terminated at any time at the Company’s discretion without notice. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no open-market share repurchases. Since the repurchase program’s inception, the Company has repurchased and subsequently retired a total of 44,608 shares for $ 0.5 million at an average price of $ 10.30 per share.

Securities Available-for-Sale, at Fair Value – U.S. Treasury securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but which may be sold in response to changes in liquidity needs, interest rates, or other similar factors, are classified as “securities available-for-sale”. Such securities are recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at their respective fair values and increases or decreases in those values are recorded as unrealized gains or losses, respectively, and are reported as other comprehensive income (loss) in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, rather

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than included in or deducted from the Company’s earnings. Interest on securities classified as available-for-sale are recorded in interest on securities in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. However, certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale, are reported as a separate component of equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, net of income taxes, and such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income (loss).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. ASU 2023-09 improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring entities to provide greater disaggregation of information on income taxes paid and on the rate reconciliation disclosures. This pronouncement also requires qualitative discussion of the primary state and local jurisdictions for income taxes and the type of reconciling categories. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The guidance will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”, which requires disclosure, on an annual and interim basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), as well as the aggregate amount of other segment items included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The ASU requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss. Public entities will be required to provide all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, and entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in the update and existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities must adopt this ASU on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 – Investments

Investment Securities Available-for-Sale, at Fair Value

The Company’s available-for-sale (“AFS”) investment portfolio consists of U.S. Treasury securities. The Company reports AFS debt securities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair value of AFS securities as of September 30, 2024, are summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities	$	30,021	$	451	$	—	$	30,472

There were no U.S. Treasury securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2024.

The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value of AFS securities as of the period ended, by contractual maturity:


	September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	2,468	$	2,479
Due after one year through five years	27,553		27,993


Total securities AFS	$	30,021	$	30,472

At September 30, 2024, AFS debt securities in the amount of $ 30.0 million were pledged as collateral for a credit line held by the Bank.

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Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity, at Cost

The Company's held-to-maturity (“HTM”) investment portfolio consists of agency mortgage-backed securities and agency collateralized mortgage obligations. The Company reports HTM debt securities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets at carrying value which is amortized cost. The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair values of the Company’s HTM debt securities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities	$	6,160	$	—	$	2	$	( 537 )	$	5,625
Collateralized mortgage obligations	7,110		—		16		( 569 )		6,557
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	13,270	$	—	$	18	$	( 1,106 )	$	12,182


	December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities	$	6,959	$	—	$	—	$	( 817 )	$	6,142
Collateralized mortgage obligations	8,429		—		4		( 766 )		7,667
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	15,388	$	—	$	4	$	( 1,583 )	$	13,809

Credit Quality Indicators & Allowance for Credit Losses - HTM and AFS

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, which replaced the legacy GAAP other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) model with an expected credit loss model (“CECL”). ASU 2016-13 requires an allowance on lifetime expected credit losses on HTM and AFS debt securities but retains the concept from the OTTI model that credit losses are recognized once securities become impaired. For HTM and AFS debt securities, the Company evaluates the credit risk of its securities on at least a quarterly basis. The Company estimates expected credit losses on HTM and AFS debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. Accrued interest receivable on HTM and AFS debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. At September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023, and at adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023, there was no ACL related to HTM or AFS debt securities due to the composition of the portfolio which is generally considered not to have credit risk given the United States government guarantee associated with these agency securities.

The Compa ny had seventeen securities, consisting of eight collateralized mortgage obligations and nine mortgage-backed securities, in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2024 and nineteen securities, consisting of nine collateralized mortgage obligations and ten mortgage-backed securities, in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023. The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of HTM debt securities, aggregated by category and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	September 30, 2024
	Less than 12 months				12 Months or More				Total
($ in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	—	$	5,078	$	( 537 )	$	5,078	$	( 537 )
Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		4,662		( 569 )		4,662		( 569 )
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	—	$	—	$	9,740	$	( 1,106 )	$	9,740	$	( 1,106 )

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	December 31, 2023
	Less than 12 months				12 Months or More				Total
($ in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Mortgage-backed securities	$	680	$	( 15 )	$	5,462	$	( 802 )	$	6,142	$	( 817 )
Collateralized mortgage obligations	934		( 4 )		4,812		( 762 )		5,746		( 766 )
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	1,614	$	( 19 )	$	10,274	$	( 1,564 )	$	11,888	$	( 1,583 )

The amortized cost and estimated market value of debt securities HTM at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Securities held-to-maturity
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	—		—		—		—
Due after five years through ten years	2,314		2,223		2,745		2,577
Due after ten years	10,956		9,959		12,643		11,232
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	13,270	$	12,182	$	15,388	$	13,809

At September 30, 2024, HTM debt securities in the amount of $ 13.3 million were pledged as collateral for a credit line held by the Bank. There were no sales or transfers of investment securities and no realized gains or losses on these securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.

FHLB Stock

The Bank is a member of the FHLB system. Members are required to own FHLB stock of at least the greater of 0.06% of FHLB membership asset value or 4.50% of outstanding FHLB advances. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank owned $ 0.3 million and $ 0.2 million, respectively, of FHLB stock, which is carried at cost. The Company evaluated the carrying value of its FHLB stock investment at September 30, 2024 and determined that it was not impaired. This evaluation considered the long-term nature of the investment, the current financial and liquidity position of the FHLB, repurchase activity of excess stock by the FHLB at its carrying value, the return on the investment from recurring and special dividends, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold this investment for a period of time sufficient to recover its recorded investment.

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Note 3 – Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans held for investment outstanding by general ledger classification as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, consisted of the following:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
($ in thousands)
SBA (1)	$	251,439	$	239,922
Commercial leases	64,277		38,110
Commercial, non-real estate	3,025		2,457
Residential real estate	41,391		38,123
Strategic Program loans	19,409		19,408
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	32,480		20,798
Non-owner occupied	2,736		2,025
Consumer	19,206		11,372
Total loans held for investment, gross	$	433,963	$	372,215
Deferred loan fees, net	( 3,237 )		( 767 )
Allowance for credit losses	( 12,661 )		( 12,888 )
Loans held for investment, net	$	418,065	$	358,560

(1) Included in the SBA loans held for investment above are $ 154.5 million and $ 131.7 million of loans guaranteed by the SBA as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Bank sells participation interests in some loans it originates and may acquire a participation interest in loans originated by others. All reported amounts reflect only the Bank’s ownership interest in the loans.

Strategic Program Loans – The Company originates loans with various third-party loan origination platforms that use technology and other innovative systems to streamline the origination of unsecured and secured consumer and business loans to a wide array of borrowers within certain approved credit profiles. Loans issued by the Company through these programs follow and are limited to specific predetermined underwriting criteria. The Company earns monthly minimum program fees from these third parties. Based on the volume of loans originated by the Company related to each Strategic Program, an additional fee equal to a percentage of the loans generated under the Strategic Program may be collected. The program fee is included within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

The Company generally retains the loans and/or receivables for a number of business days after origination before selling the loans and/or receivables to the Strategic Program provider or another investor. Interest income is earned by the Company while holding the loans. These loans are classified as held-for-sale on the balance sheet and measured at the lower of cost or market.

The Company may also hold loans or a portion of the loans or receivables and sell the remainder directly to the Strategic Program provider or other investors. The Company generally services the loans originated through the Strategic Programs in consideration of servicing fees equal to a percentage of the loans generated under the Strategic Programs. In turn, the Strategic Program service providers, subject to the Company’s approval and oversight, typically serve as sub-servicer and perform typical primary servicing duties including loan collections, modifications, charging-off, reporting and monitoring.

Each Strategic Program provider establishes a “reserve” deposit account with the Company to reasonably ensure the strategic programs will have sufficient funds available to purchase the loans. The agreements generally require that the reserve account deposit balance does not fall below an agreed upon dollar or percentage threshold related to the total loans currently outstanding as held-for-sale by the Company for the specific Strategic Program. If necessary, the Company has the right to withdraw amounts from the reserve account to fulfill loan purchaser obligations created under the program agreements. Total cash held in reserve by Strategic Program providers at the Company at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was $ 44.0 million and $ 29.8 million, respectively.

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Strategic Program loans retained and held-for-sale as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)
Retained Strategic Program loans	$	19,409	$	19,408
Strategic Program loans held-for-sale	84,000		47,514
Total Strategic Program loans	$	103,409	$	66,922

Allowance for Credit Losses: In determining an appropriate amount for the allowance, the Bank segmented and aggregated the loan portfolio based on the FDIC Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income (“Call Report”) codes. These classifications, which in general are based upon the nature of the collateral and type of borrower, are different than the classifications adopted for other financial reporting purposes, which are based upon the proposed use of the loan proceeds. The following pool segments identified as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are based on the CECL methodology:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)
Construction and land development	$	33,903	$	28,330
Residential real estate	59,229		51,428
Residential real estate multifamily	1,504		647
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	187,890		186,550
Non-owner occupied	12,783		15,354
Commercial and industrial	35,818		21,399
Consumer	19,150		10,989
Lease financing receivables	64,277		38,110
Retained Strategic Program loans	19,409		19,408
Total loans held for investment, gross	$	433,963	$	372,215

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Activity in the ACL by common characteristic loan pools based on the CECL methodology was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Provision for (Reversal of) Credit Losses		Charge-Offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Construction and land development	$	330	$	382	$	—	$	—	$	712
Residential real estate	1,029		( 224 )		( 27 )		3		781
Residential real estate multifamily	11		23		—		—		34
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	4,094		( 1,441 )		( 103 )		219		2,769
Non-owner occupied	380		( 18 )		( 221 )		—		141
Commercial and industrial	423		42		( 96 )		2		371
Consumer	261		280		( 15 )		4		530
Lease financing receivables	650		689		( 113 )		8		1,234
Retained Strategic Program loans	5,949		2,211		( 2,360 )		289		6,089
Total allowance for credit losses on financing receivables	$	13,127	$	1,944	$	( 2,935 )	$	525	$	12,661

Unfunded lending commitments	140		213		—		—		353
Total allowance for credit losses	$	13,267	$	2,157	$	( 2,935 )	$	525	$	13,014


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Provision for (Reversal of) Credit Losses		Charge-Offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Construction and land development	$	316	$	396	$	—	$	—	$	712
Residential real estate	956		( 143 )		( 91 )		59		781
Residential real estate multifamily	6		28		—		—		34
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	3,336		( 161 )		( 628 )		222		2,769
Non-owner occupied	282		80		( 221 )		—		141
Commercial and industrial	361		327		( 334 )		17		371
Consumer	211		388		( 74 )		5		530
Lease financing receivables	355		1,157		( 293 )		15		1,234
Retained Strategic Program loans	7,065		5,410		( 7,268 )		882		6,089
Total allowance for credit losses on financing receivables	$	12,888	$	7,482	$	( 8,909 )	$	1,200	$	12,661

Unfunded lending commitments	139		214		—		—		353
Total allowance for credit losses	$	13,027	$	7,696	$	( 8,909 )	$	1,200	$	13,014

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
($ in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Provision for (Reversal of) Credit Losses		Charge-Offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Construction and land development	$	279	$	14	$	—	$	—	$	293
Residential real estate	708		223		—		3		934
Residential real estate multifamily	6		—		—		—		6
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	2,968		362		( 31 )		—		3,299
Non-owner occupied	199		( 316 )		—		389		272
Commercial and industrial	287		151		( 107 )		18		349
Consumer	90		39		( 28 )		2		103
Lease financing receivables	528		6		—		—		534
Retained Strategic Program loans	7,256		2,431		( 2,748 )		257		7,196
Total allowance for credit losses on financing receivables	$	12,321	$	2,910	$	( 2,914 )	$	669	$	12,986

Unfunded lending commitments	42		160		—		—		202
Total allowance for credit losses	$	12,363	$	3,070	$	( 2,914 )	$	669	$	13,188


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
($ in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Impact of ASU 2016-13 Adoption		Provision for (Reversal of) Credit Losses		Charge-Offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Construction and land development	$	424	$	( 67 )	$	( 64 )	$	—	$	—	$	293
Residential real estate	876		( 58 )		150		( 121 )		87		934
Residential real estate multifamily	3		1		2		—		—		6
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	3,030		( 533 )		955		( 153 )		—		3,299
Non-owner occupied	208		( 41 )		( 284 )		—		389		272
Commercial and industrial	339		( 85 )		265		( 191 )		21		349
Consumer	65		14		69		( 47 )		2		103
Lease financing receivables	339		( 105 )		300		—		—		534
Retained Strategic Program loans	6,701		1,131		6,860		( 8,289 )		793		7,196
Total allowance for credit losses on financing receivables	$	11,985	$	257	$	8,253	$	( 8,801 )	$	1,292	$	12,986

Unfunded lending commitments	—		26		176		—		—		202
Total allowance for credit losses	$	11,985	$	283	$	8,429	$	( 8,801 )	$	1,292	$	13,188

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Nonaccrual and past due loans are summarized below as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


September 30, 2024
	Loans Past Due and Still Accruing
($ in thousands)	30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Greater		Total		Nonaccrual Loans with no ACL (1)		Nonaccrual Loans with ACL		Current Loans		Total Loans
Construction and land development	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	33,903	$	33,903
Residential real estate	6,081		—		6,081		1,389		—		51,759		59,229
Residential real estate multifamily	—		—		—		—		—		1,504		1,504
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	1,178		—		1,178		23,141		1,177		162,394		187,890
Non-owner occupied	632		—		632		3,125		—		9,026		12,783
Commercial and industrial	1,107		—		1,107		862		—		33,849		35,818
Consumer	107		6		113		—		—		19,037		19,150
Commercial leases	317		—		317		188		—		63,772		64,277
Retained Strategic Program loans	1,509		47		1,556		—		—		17,853		19,409
Total	$	10,931	$	53	$	10,984	$	28,705	$	1,177	$	393,097	$	433,963

(1) Included in the nonaccrual loan balances are $ 17.5 million of SBA 7(a) loan balances guaranteed by the SBA.


December 31, 2023
	Loans Past Due and Still Accruing
($ in thousands)	30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Greater		Total		Nonaccrual Loans with no ACL (1)		Nonaccrual Loans with ACL		Current Loans		Total Loans
Construction and land development	$	1,648	$	297	$	1,945	$	—	$	—	$	26,385	$	28,330
Residential real estate	23		—		23		1,585		—		49,820		51,428
Residential real estate multifamily	—		—		—		—		—		647		647
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	—		—		—		21,643		640		164,267		186,550
Non-owner occupied	—		—		—		2,362		—		12,992		15,354
Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		282		—		21,117		21,399
Consumer	81		48		129		—		—		10,860		10,989
Commercial leases	—		—		—		—		—		38,110		38,110
Retained Strategic Program loans	1,953		96		2,049		—		—		17,359		19,408
Total	$	3,705	$	441	$	4,146	$	25,872	$	640	$	341,557	$	372,215

(1) Included in the nonaccrual loan balances are $ 15.0 million of SBA 7(a) loan balances guaranteed by the SBA.

There was no interest income recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, while loans were classified as nonaccrual.

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The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of lifetime credit losses inherent in loans as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses is estimated by management using relevant available information, from both internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Bank measures expected credit losses for loans on a pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Generally, collectively assessed loans are grouped by Call Report code and then risk grade grouping.

In addition to past due and nonaccrual status criteria, the Company also evaluates loans using a loan grading system. Internal loan grades are based on current financial information, historical payment experience, and credit documentation, among other factors. Performance-based grades are summarized below:

Pass – A Pass asset is higher quality and does not fit any of the other categories described below. The likelihood of loss is believed to be remote.

Special Mention – A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that may be temporary or, if left uncorrected, may result in a loss. While concerns exist, the Company believes that it is currently protected against a default and loss is considered unlikely and not imminent.

Substandard – A Substandard asset is believed to be inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have identified weaknesses and are characterized by the possibility that the Company may sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.

Not Rated – For certain Strategic Program and consumer loans, the Company does not evaluate and risk rate the loans in the same manner as other loans in the Company’s portfolio. The Not Rated loans are typically homogenous, smaller dollar balances approved using abridged underwriting methods that allow the Company to streamline the loan approval process and increase efficiency . Credit quality for Strategic Program loans is highly correlated with delinquency levels.

The following table presents the amortized cost of the Company's loan and lease portfolio by collateral type, risk rating and origination year as of September 30, 2024, in addition to the gross writeoff by collateral type for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The loans are grouped based on how they are assessed under CECL.


	Loans and Leases Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
September 30, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
($ in thousands)
Construction and land development
Pass	$	10,248	$	9,811	$	11,268	$	2,574	$	2	$	—	$	33,903
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	10,248		9,811		11,268		2,574		2		—		33,903
Current period gross writeoff	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Residential real estate
Pass	3,570		1,400		524		1,382		1,732		—		8,608
Watch	11,066		23,145		11,871		1,145		1,679		—		48,906
Special Mention	—		—		—		160		9		—		169
Substandard	—		—		1,351		38		157		—		1,546
Total	14,636		24,545		13,746		2,725		3,577		—		59,229
Current period gross writeoff	—		—		—		( 91 )		—		—		( 91 )

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Residential real estate multifamily
Pass	847	294	258	79	—	—	1,478
Watch	—	—	—	—	26	—	26
Special Mention	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Substandard	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total	847	294	258	79	26	—	1,504
Current period gross writeoff	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass	17,536	3,916	3,478	1,184	11,968	—	38,082
Watch	14,651	63,840	34,796	6,047	4,432	—	123,766
Special Mention	—	—	191	—	350	—	541
Substandard	—	16,150	6,611	1,480	1,260	—	25,501
Total	32,187	83,906	45,076	8,711	18,010	—	187,890
Current period gross writeoff	—	( 364 )	( 227 )	( 27 )	( 10 )	—	( 628 )

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
Pass	—	—	1,264	—	354	—	1,618
Watch	1,000	4,183	2,510	1,145	142	—	8,980
Special Mention	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Substandard	—	—	2,185	—	—	—	2,185
Total	1,000	4,183	5,959	1,145	496	—	12,783
Current period gross writeoff	—	—	( 221 )	—	—	—	( 221 )

Commercial and industrial
Pass	1,946	375	594	397	568	—	3,880
Watch	14,573	10,536	3,671	551	710	—	30,041
Special Mention	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Substandard	666	509	353	—	369	—	1,897
Total	17,185	11,420	4,618	948	1,647	—	35,818
Current period gross writeoff	—	( 83 )	( 99 )	( 81 )	( 71 )	—	( 334 )

Consumer
Pass	11,738	5,212	1,440	378	331	—	19,099
Watch	45	6	—	—	—	—	51
Special Mention	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Substandard	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Total	11,783	5,218	1,440	378	331	—	19,150
Current period gross writeoff	—	( 15 )	( 22 )	( 19 )	( 18 )	—	( 74 )

Lease financing receivables
Pass	34,350	24,747	4,840	—	118	—	64,055
Watch	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

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Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		222		—		—		—		—		222
Total	34,350		24,969		4,840		—		118		—		64,277
Current period gross writeoff	—		( 293 )		—		—		—		—		( 293 )

Retained Strategic Program loans
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Not Rated	14,907		2,506		1,451		545		—		—		19,409
Total	14,907		2,506		1,451		545		—		—		19,409
Current period gross writeoff	( 1,852 )		( 4,282 )		( 838 )		( 296 )		—		—		( 7,268 )

Total portfolio loans receivable, gross	$	137,143	$	166,852	$	88,656	$	17,105	$	24,207	$	—	$	433,963
Total current period gross writeoff	$	( 1,852 )	$	( 5,037 )	$	( 1,407 )	$	( 514 )	$	( 99 )	$	—	$	( 8,909 )

The following table presents the amortized cost of the Company's loan and lease portfolio by collateral type, risk rating and origination year as of December 31, 2023, in addition to the gross writeoff by collateral type for the year ended December 31, 2023. The loans are grouped based on how they are assessed under CECL.


	Loans and Leases Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
December 31, 2023	2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
($ in thousands)
Construction and land development
Pass	$	12,919	$	10,345	$	4,354	$	97	$	—	$	27,715
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		615		—		—		—		615
Total	12,919		10,960		4,354		97		—		28,330
Current period gross writeoff	—		—		—		—		—		—

Residential real estate
Pass	2,209		874		1,480		2,947		2,249		9,759
Watch	23,614		12,399		1,661		2,035		—		39,709
Special Mention	—		—		208		11		—		219
Substandard	—		1,585		—		156		—		1,741
Total	25,823		14,858		3,349		5,149		2,249		51,428
Current period gross writeoff	—		( 121 )		—		( 104 )		—		( 225 )

Residential real estate multifamily
Pass	278		263		80		—		—		621
Watch	—		—		—		26		—		26

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Special Mention	—	—	—	—	—	—
Substandard	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total	278	263	80	26	—	647
Current period gross writeoff	—	—	—	—	—	—

Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass	12,566	1,234	854	12,207	—	26,861
Watch	62,360	53,832	11,871	7,654	—	135,717
Special Mention	—	192	—	1,498	—	1,690
Substandard	16,466	3,712	1,066	1,038	—	22,282
Total	91,392	58,970	13,791	22,397	—	186,550
Current period gross writeoff	( 318 )	( 21 )	( 97 )	( 278 )	—	( 714 )

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
Pass	2,805	1,294	—	419	—	4,518
Watch	4,382	2,635	1,223	234	—	8,474
Special Mention	—	—	—	—	—	—
Substandard	—	2,362	—	—	—	2,362
Total	7,187	6,291	1,223	653	—	15,354
Current period gross writeoff	—	—	—	—	—	—

Commercial and industrial
Pass	2,090	601	744	821	31	4,287
Watch	10,157	4,600	764	930	—	16,451
Special Mention	—	—	—	8	—	8
Substandard	260	—	—	393	—	653
Total	12,507	5,201	1,508	2,152	31	21,399
Current period gross writeoff	( 87 )	( 114 )	( 122 )	( 149 )	—	( 472 )

Consumer
Pass	7,792	1,975	637	558	2	10,964
Watch	24	—	—	1	—	25
Special Mention	—	—	—	—	—	—
Substandard	—	—	—	—	—	—

Total	7,816	1,975	637	559	2	10,989
Current period gross writeoff	( 3 )	( 5 )	( 53 )	( 7 )	—	( 68 )

Lease financing receivables
Pass	31,313	6,559	—	238	—	38,110
Watch	—	—	—	—	—	—
Special Mention	—	—	—	—	—	—
Substandard	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total	31,313	6,559	—	238	—	38,110
Current period gross writeoff	—	—	—	—	—	—

Retained Strategic Program loans

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Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—
Not Rated	14,506		3,609		1,292		1		—		19,408
Total	14,506		3,609		1,292		1		—		19,408
Current period gross writeoff	( 3,773 )		( 6,154 )		( 1,017 )		( 2 )		—		( 10,946 )

Total portfolio loans receivable, gross	$	203,741	$	108,686	$	26,234	$	31,272	$	2,282	$	372,215
Total current period gross writeoff	$	( 4,181 )	$	( 6,415 )	$	( 1,289 )	$	( 540 )	$	—	$	( 12,425 )

Modified Loans to Troubled Borrowers

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 there were two and three loan modifications to loans with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty with principal totaling $ 0.4 million and $ 0.6 million, respectively. The loan modifications deferred payments of principal and interest for six months or more. No concessions were made related to principal or interest reductions or to maturity dates on these loans. The table below reflects the current principal balance outstanding as of September 30, 2024 along with the concession granted for loans that were modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 there were no material loan modifications.


($ in thousands)	Principal deferment (Months)	Outstanding Balance		% of Total Loan Type
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	11 months	$	243	0.13	%
Non owner occupied	11 months	173		1.35	%
Residential	11 months	156		0.26	%
Total		$	572

Collateral-Dependent Loans

A collateral-dependent loan is a nonaccrual loan for which the Bank relies substantially on the operation or sale of the collateral for repayment. In evaluating the overall risk associated with a loan, the Company considers (1) character, overall financial condition and resources, and payment record of the borrower; (2) the prospects for support from any financially responsible guarantors; and (3) the nature and degree of protection provided by the cash flow and value of any underlying collateral. The loan may become collateral-dependent when foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and its sources of repayment become inadequate over time. At such time, the Company develops an expectation that repayment will be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of the dates indicated:

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($ in thousands)			Collateral Type
As of September 30, 2024	Allowance for Credit Losses		Real Estate		Personal Property		Total
Construction and land development	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Residential real estate	—		1,389		—		1,389
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	196		24,318		—		24,318
Non-owner occupied	—		3,125		—		3,125
Commercial and industrial	—		—		862		862
Commercial leases	—		—		188		188
Total	$	196	$	28,832	$	1,050	$	29,882

The amount of collateral-dependent loans as of September 30, 2024 include $ 17.5 million of SBA 7(a) loan balances that are guaranteed by the SBA.


($ in thousands)			Collateral Type
As of December 31, 2023	Allowance for Credit Losses		Real Estate		Personal Property		Total
Construction and land development	$	—	$	615	$	—	$	615
Residential real estate	—		1,585		—		1,585
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	45		21,643		—		21,643
Non-owner occupied	—		2,362		—		2,362
Commercial and industrial	—		—		282		282
Total	$	45	$	26,205	$	282	$	26,487

The amount of collateral-dependent loans as of December 31, 2023 include $ 15.0 million of SBA 7(a) loan balances that are guaranteed by the SBA.

Note 4 – SBA Servicing Asset, Net

The Company periodically sells the guaranteed portions of SBA loans and retains rights to service the loans. Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying balance sheet. The unpaid principal balances of SBA loans serviced for others was $ 218.6 million and $ 275.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table summarizes SBA servicing asset, net activity for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,689	$	5,233	$	4,231	$	5,210
Additions to servicing asset	—		—		—		150
Amortization of servicing asset	( 724 )		( 498 )		( 1,792 )		( 1,217 )
Change in valuation allowance	296		( 337 )		822		255
Balance at end of period	$	3,261	$	4,398	$	3,261	$	4,398

SBA servicing asset, fair value	$	3,261	$	4,398	$	3,261	$	4,398

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Activity in the valuation allowance for the SBA servicing asset was as follows for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	( 1,625 )	$	( 1,936 )	$	( 2,151 )	$	( 2,528 )
Impairment	—		( 337 )		—		—
Recovery	296		—		822		255
Balance at end of period	$	( 1,329 )	$	( 2,273 )	$	( 1,329 )	$	( 2,273 )

The fair market value of the SBA servicing asset as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was $ 3.3 million and $ 2.1 million, respectively. Recovery or impairment adjustments to servicing rights are mainly due to market-based assumptions associated with discounted cash flows, loan prepayment speeds, and changes in interest rates. A significant change in prepayments of the loans in the servicing portfolio could result in significant changes in the valuation adjustments, thus creating potential volatility in the carrying amount of servicing rights.

The Company assumed a weighted average prepayment rate of 20.9 %, weighted average term of 3.31 years, and a weighted average discount rate of 12.8 % at September 30, 2024.

The Company assumed a weighted average prepayment rate of 18.2 %, weighted average term of 3.72 years, and a weighted average discount rate of 15.4 % at December 31, 2023.

Note 5 – Capital Requirements

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and State of Utah banking agencies (the regulators). Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off -balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk -weighting, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to the bank holding company.

Beginning January 1, 2020, the Bank qualified and elected to use the community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”) framework for quantitative measures which requires the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets. Management believes, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, that the Bank’s capital levels exceed the regulatory floors required to be classified as a well-capitalized bank.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (there are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category). The following table sets forth the actual capital amounts and ratios for the Bank and the minimum amount and ratio of capital required to be categorized as well-capitalized as of the dates indicated:


	Actual				Well-Capitalized Requirement
($ in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
September 30, 2024
Leverage ratio (CBLR election)	$	131,295	20.3	%	$	58,265	9.0	%
December 31, 2023
Leverage ratio (CBLR election)	$	116,108	20.7	%	$	50,441	9.0	%

The Federal Reserve’s policy statement and supervisory guidance on the payment of cash dividends by a Bank Holding Company (“BHC”), such as FinWise Bancorp, expresses the view that a BHC should generally pay cash dividends on common stock only to the extent that (1) the BHC’s net income available over the past year is sufficient to cover the cash dividend, (2) the rate of earnings retention is consistent with the organization’s expected future needs and financial

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condition, and (3) the regulatory capital adequacy ratios are met. Should an insured depository institution controlled by a bank holding company be “significantly undercapitalized” under the applicable federal bank capital ratios, or if the bank subsidiary is “undercapitalized” and has failed to submit an acceptable capital restoration plan or has materially failed to implement such a plan, federal banking regulators (in the case of the Bank, the FDIC) may choose to require prior Federal Reserve approval for any capital distribution by the BHC.

In addition, since FinWise Bancorp is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and does not conduct stand-alone operations, an ability to pay dividends depends on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to FinWise Bancorp. The FDIC and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions (“UDFI”) may, under certain circumstances, prohibit the payment of dividends to FinWise Bancorp from the Bank. Utah corporate law also requires that dividends can only be paid out of funds legally available.

The Company has not paid any cash dividends on its common stock since inception and it does not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. However, the Company’s Board of Directors may declare a cash or stock dividend out of retained earnings provided the regulatory capital ratio requirements are met. The Company plans to maintain capital ratios that meet or exceed the well-capitalized standards per the regulations and, therefore, would limit dividends to amounts that are appropriate to maintain those well-capitalized regulatory capital ratios.

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies

Federal Home Loan Bank Secured Line of Credit

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank’s available line of credit with the FHLB to borrow in overnight funds was $ 25.0 million and $ 30.5 million, respectively. All borrowings are short-term and the interest rate is equal to the correspondent bank’s daily federal funds purchase rate. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, no amounts were outstanding under the line of credit. Loans totaling $ 41.6 million and $ 46.9 million were pledged to secure the FHLB line of credit as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Other Lines of Credit

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank had the ability to access $ 41.9 million and $ 11.4 million, respectively, from the Federal Reserve Bank’s Discount Window on a collateralized basis. At September 30, 2024, the Federal Reserve Bank’s Bank Term Funding Program was no longer active. At December 31, 2023, the Bank had the ability to access $ 0.8 million from the Federal Reserve Bank’s Bank Term Funding Program on a collateralized basis. Through Zions Bank, the Bank had an available unsecured line of credit of $ 5.0 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Bank had an available line of credit with Bankers’ Bank of the West to borrow up to $ 1.1 million in overnight funds at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Bank had no outstanding balances on such unsecured or secured lines of credit as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Commitments to Extend Credit

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank has entered into commitments to extend credit to customers which have not yet been exercised. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit in the form of loans. Those instruments involve to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets. The Company’s commitments to extend credit as of the dates indicated are summarized below. Since commitments associated with commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown in the table below do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk were as follows:


	September 30,		December 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Revolving, open-end lines of credit	$	2,106	$	1,630
Commercial real estate	17,742		17,421
Other unused commitments	944		724
	$	20,792	$	19,775

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Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments

The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancelable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and is adjusted through a charge to provision for credit loss expense on the consolidated statements of income. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments was $ 0.4 million and $ 0.1 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Note 7 – Investment in Business Funding Group, LLC

On December 31, 2019, the Company purchased from certain members of BFG a 10 % membership interest in exchange for an aggregate of 950,784 shares of the Company’s common stock The exchange was accounted for at fair value based on the fair value of the Company’s shares of approximately $ 3.5 million. On July 25, 2023 the Company entered into a definitive agreement, as amended, to purchase from certain members of BFG an additional 10 % membership interest in exchange for shares of common stock of the Company. On February 5, 2024, the transaction was consummated and the Company issued in the aggregate 339,176 shares of common stock of the Company in a private placement to the sellers in exchange for the additional membership interest in BFG. The second transaction increased the Company’s total ownership interest in BFG to 20 %. The ownership interest consists of Class A Voting Units representing 4.7 % of the aggregate membership interests of BFG and Class B Non-Voting Units representing 15.3 % of the aggregate membership interests of BFG.

The remaining 80 % of the outstanding membership interests are Class A Voting Units. Based on the Company’s accounting policy with respect to investments in limited liability companies, the Company concluded that its level of ownership was indicative of significant influence and, as a result, the investment would be accounted for using the equity method. However, the Company elected the fair value option for its investment due to cost-benefit considerations.

On March 31, 2020, the Company entered into a right of first refusal and option agreement with the members of BFG whereby the Company has the right of first refusal to purchase additional interests in BFG from any selling members and the option to purchase all, but not less than all, of the interests in BFG from the remaining members. The purchase price for the remaining members’ interests is based on an earnings multiple between 10 times and 15 times BFG’s net profit for the fiscal year ended immediately prior to the exercise of the option. The option period begins on January 1, 2021 and expires on January 1, 2028. The Company issued an aggregate 270,000 warrants to the BFG members as consideration for entering into the agreement. The warrants have an exercise price of $ 6.67 per share and the warrants expire on March 31, 2028. The warrants are free-standing equity instruments and, as a result, are classified within equity at the fair value on the issuance date. The fair value of the warrants was determined by our board of directors with input from management, relying in part upon valuation reports prepared by a third-party valuation firm using a Black-Scholes option pricing model adjusted for a lack of marketability since the Company’s stock was not publicly traded at that time. The resulting fair value of the warrants was $ 0.19 per share.

For further discussion on the Company’s investment in BFG, see Note 9 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments and 11 - Related Party Transactions.

Note 8 – Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Option Plans

The Company utilizes stock-based compensation plans, as well as discretionary grants, for employees, directors and consultants to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentives and to promote the success of the Company’s business.

The 2019 Stock Option Plan (“2019 Plan”) was adopted on June 20, 2019 following approval by the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders. The 2019 Plan will terminate as to future awards 10 years from the later of the effective date or the earlier of the most recent Board or stockholder approval of an increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan. On June 27, 2024, the shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 2019 Plan increasing the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan by an additional 500,000 shares to 1,780,000 . At September 30, 2024, 445,334 shares under the 2019 Plan were available for future issuance.

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The 2016 Stock Option Plan (“2016 Plan”) was adopted on April 20, 2017 following approval by the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders. The 2016 Plan authorizes the issuance of 299,628 common shares. The 2016 Plan will terminate as to future awards 10 years from the later of the effective date or the earlier of the most recent Board or stockholder approval of an increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan. No shares were granted under the 2016 Plan prior to 2018. At September 30, 2024, 2,189 shares under the 2016 Plan were available for future issuance.

The 2019 Plan and the 2016 Plan (collectively, the “Plans”) provide for the issuance of non-statutory stock options and restricted stock to employees, directors and consultants. The Plans also provide for the issuance of incentive stock options only to employees. The stock-based incentive awards for the Plans are granted at an exercise price not less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant in the case of stock options. Restricted stock is valued based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Vesting of the options vary by employee or director and can have a term no more than 10 years, with the options generally having vesting periods ranging from 1 to 5 years.

Under the Plans, if an award expires or becomes un-exercisable without having been exercised in full, or is surrendered pursuant to an exchange program, the unpurchased shares that were subject thereto shall become available for future grant or sale under the Plans. However, shares that have actually been issued under the Plans, or upon exercise of an award, shall not be returned to the Plans and shall not become available for future distribution under the Plans, except that if unvested shares of restricted stock are repurchased by the Company at their original purchase price, such shares shall become available for future grant under the Plans.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following table presents stock-based compensation expense recognized:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Stock options	$	54	$	129	$	184	$	366
Restricted shares	712		370		1,151		1,183
Total	$	766	$	499	$	1,335	$	1,549

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized a de minimis income tax benefit for stock-based compensation. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock of approximately $ 0.2 million and $ 3.8 million, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average recognition period of 1.1 years and 3.2 years, respectively.

Note 9 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures and discloses certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale). GAAP establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and disclosure requirements about fair value measurements. Among other things, the standard requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s estimates for market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy.

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. An active market is a market in which transactions occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and shall be used to measure fair value whenever available.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 including quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments, quoted prices in less active markets for identical or similar instruments, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data.

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Level 3 – Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity for financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation also includes observable inputs from nonbinding single dealer quotes not corroborated by observable market data. In developing Level 3 measurements, management incorporates whatever market data might be available and uses discounted cash flow models where appropriate. These calculations include projections of future cash flows, including appropriate default and loss assumptions, and market-based discount rates.

The estimated fair value amounts of financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize at a future date. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. In addition, reasonable comparability between financial institutions may not be likely due to the wide range of permitted valuation techniques and numerous estimates that must be made given the absence of active secondary markets for many of the financial instruments. This lack of uniform valuation methodologies also introduces a greater degree of subjectivity to these estimated fair values. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are deemed to occur at the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers between fair value levels for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

The following methods were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments on a recurring basis:

Investment securities available-for-sale : Investment securities available-for-sale consist of U.S. Treasury securities and are carried at fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of investment securities available-for-sale using current active market quotes, if available, which are considered Level 1 measurements. Level 1 measurements include securities issued by the U.S. Treasury.

Investment in BFG : The Company’s valuation technique utilized the average of the discounted cash flow method and the Guideline Public Company method. A 20 % lack of marketability discount was applied to the valuation as well as a 4.5 % discount to non-voting shares to arrive at fair value as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The calculation of fair value utilized significant unobservable inputs, including projected cash flows, growth rates, and discount rates. See Note 6 - Commitments and Contingencies and Note 11 - Related Party Transactions for more information.

The table below presents the Company's financial instruments valued on a recurring basis at the dates indicated:


		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Level	Estimated Fair Value		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale	1	$	30,472	$	—
Investment in BFG	3	$	7,900	$	4,200

The table below presents a reconciliation of our investment in BFG classified as a Level 3 financial instrument and measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	8,000	$	4,500	$	4,200	$	4,800
Purchase of BFG ownership interest	—		—		4,125		—
Change in fair value of BFG	( 100 )		( 500 )		( 425 )		( 800 )
Ending balance	$	7,900	$	4,000	$	7,900	$	4,000

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The table below presents the Company’s financial instruments valued on a nonrecurring basis at the dates indicated:


($ in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements Using
Description of Financial Instrument	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2024
Nonrecurring assets:
Individually evaluated loans	$	29,882	$	—	$	—	$	29,882
December 31, 2023
Nonrecurring assets:
Individually evaluated loans	$	27,127	$	—	$	—	$	27,127

Individually evaluated loans – The loan amount above represents loans individually evaluated that have been adjusted to the lower of cost or fair value. When collateral-dependent loans are individually evaluated, they are measured using the current fair value of the collateral securing these loans, less selling costs. The fair value of real estate collateral is determined using collateral valuations or a discounted cash flow analysis using inputs such as discount rates, sale prices of similar assets, and term of expected disposition. Some appraised values are adjusted based on management’s review and analysis, which may include historical knowledge, changes in market conditions, estimated selling and other anticipated costs, and/or expertise and knowledge. The loss, if any, represents charge-offs on loans when the fair value of the collateral is less than the carrying amount of the loan.

Quantitative information for Level 3 fair value measurements – The following table presents information about quantitative inputs and assumptions used to fair value Level 3 nonrecurring assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

($ in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation
Technique

Unobservable
Input

Range
(Weighted Average)

September 30, 2024

Individually evaluated loans

29,882

Market
comparable

Discount to
appraisal value for estimated selling costs

11.40

December 31, 2023

Individually evaluated loans

27,127

Market
comparable

Discount to
appraisal value for estimated selling costs

7.57

The range and weighted average of the significant unobservable inputs used to fair value the investment in BFG as of September 30, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023 are shown in the following table:


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2024 Range (Weighted Average)		December 31, 2023 Range (Weighted Average)
Discounted Cash Flows
Revenue growth rate	12.7	%	11.0	%
Expense growth rate	13.9	%	13.4	%
Discount rate	25.0	%	20.0	%

Guideline Public Company
Multiples of enterprise value	4.0 x to 5.3 x		3.5 x to 5.5 x

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The tables below present the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company's financial instruments at the dates indicated:


	September 30, 2024
					Fair Value Measurements Using
($ in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	85,768	$	85,768	$	85,768	$	—	$	—
Investment securities available-for-sale	30,472		30,472		30,472		—		—
Investment securities held-to-maturity	13,270		12,182		—		12,182		—
Investment in FHLB stock	349		349		—		349		—
Loans held for investment, net	418,065		412,316		—		—		412,316
Strategic Program loans held-for-sale	84,000		84,000		—		84,000		—
Accrued interest receivable	3,098		3,098		—		3,098		—
SBA servicing asset, net	3,261		3,261		—		3,261		—
Investment in BFG	7,900		7,900		—		—		7,900
Financial liabilities:
Total deposits	$	488,659	$	476,596	$	—	$	476,596	$	—
Accrued interest payable	647		647		—		647		—
PPPLF	106		106		—		106		—


	December 31, 2023
					Fair Value Measurements Using
($ in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	116,975	$	116,975	$	116,975	$	—	$	—
Investment securities held-to-maturity	15,388		13,809		—		13,809		—
Investment in FHLB stock	238		238		—		238		—
Loans held for investment, net	358,560		360,032		—		—		360,032
Strategic Program loans held-for-sale	47,514		47,509		—		47,509		—
Accrued interest receivable	3,573		3,573		—		3,573		—
SBA servicing asset, net	4,231		4,231		—		4,231		—
Investment in BFG	4,200		4,200		—		—		4,200
Financial liabilities:
Total deposits	$	404,833	$	394,195	$	—	$	394,195	$	—
Accrued interest payable	619		619		—		619		—
PPPLF	190		190		—		190		—

Note 10 – Income Taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, income tax expense was $ 1.2 million and $ 1.7 million, respectively, resulting in an effective income tax rate of 25.1 % and 26.1 %, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, income tax expense was $ 3.3 million and $ 4.7 million, respectively, resulting in an effective income tax rate of 25.2 % and 26.1 %, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21.0% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 due primarily to the resolution of state tax matters, and the effects of state income taxes and stock-based compensation. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21.0% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 due primarily to the effects of state income taxes, stock-based compensation and nondeductible compensation .

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Note 11 – Related Party Transactions

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank may grant loans to certain executive officers and directors and the companies with which they are associated. The Company had de minimis loans outstanding to related parties as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Total deposits from certain executive officers and directors and the companies with which they are associated were $ 1.9 million and $ 1.5 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

BFG is a small business loan broker, primarily under the SBA’s 7(a) loan program. As noted in Note 7 - Investment in Business Funding Group, the Company has a 20 % ownership in the outstanding membership units of BFG. The Company underwrites loans sourced by BFG in its normal course of business. If approved and funded, the Company pays BFG a commission fee based on the amount funded. There is no guarantee or commitment made by the Company to BFG to approve or fund loans referred by BFG. The Company is able to use its sole discretion in deciding to approve and fund loans referred by BFG. The Company paid commission fees to BFG in the amounts of $ 0.7 million and $ 1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $ 1.7 million and $ 4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company received distributions from BFG in the amounts of $ 0.2 million and $ 0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $ 0.5 million and $ 0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These distributions were recorded in the consolidated statements of income in other miscellaneous income.

Note 12 – Earnings per Share

The following table is a reconciliation of the components used to derive basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator:
Net income	$	3,454	$	4,804	$	9,949	$	13,303
Amount allocated to participating common shareholders (1)	( 143 )		( 89 )		( 267 )		( 209 )
Net income allocated to common shareholders	$	3,311	$	4,715	$	9,682	$	13,094
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	12,658,557		12,387,392		12,596,496		12,565,218
Weighted average effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options	472,132		403,012		458,391		374,092
Warrants	127,146		77,803		112,428		69,523
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	13,257,835		12,868,207		13,167,315		13,008,833
Earnings per share, basic	$	0.26	$	0.38	$	0.77	$	1.04
Earnings per share, diluted	$	0.25	$	0.37	$	0.74	$	1.01

Anti-dilutive stock options excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share	64,686		116,135		91,629		605,896

(1) Represents earnings attributable to holders of unvested restricted stock issued to the Company’s directors and employees.

Note 13 – Subsequent Events

Subsequent to September 30, 2024, ten loans with aggregate outstanding principal of $ 7.7 million were placed into nonaccrual status. $ 2.5 million of the outstanding principal is guaranteed by the SBA. The loans were accruing interest and categorized as 30-89 days past due at September 30, 2024 (see Note 3 – Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Credit Losses). The pledge of other collateral also secures each of these loans.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is intended as a review of significant factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations for the periods indicated and should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and the 2023 Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections of this Report and our most recently filed 2023 Form 10-K entitled “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and elsewhere in this Report. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements except to the extent required by law.

The following discussion pertains to our historical results, on a consolidated basis. However, because we conduct all material business operations through our wholly owned subsidiary, FinWise Bank, the discussion and analysis relates to activities primarily conducted at the subsidiary level.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The accompanying management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report. The preparation of these unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances, results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our critical accounting estimates primarily relate to the allowance for credit losses, stock-based compensation and income taxes. See Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 in our 2023 Form 10-K for information on our critical accounting policies related to these critical accounting estimates.

There have been no material changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to the methods we used and judgments we made relating to critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2023 Form 10-K.

Business Overview

FinWise Bancorp is a Utah corporation and the parent company of FinWise Bank and FinWise Investment, LLC. Our assets consist primarily of our investment in the Bank and all of our material business activities are conducted through the Bank.

We gather deposits in the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA through our one branch and nationwide from our Strategic Program service providers, SBA 7(a) borrowers, demand deposits sourced through Lively, Inc., Institutional Deposit exchanges, and brokered deposit arrangements. Attracting nationwide deposits from the general public, businesses and other financial institutions, and investing those deposits, together with borrowings and other sources of funds, is also critical to our banking business.

Our banking business offers a diverse range of commercial and retail banking products and services, and consists primarily of originating loans in a variety of sectors. While our commercial and residential real estate lending and other products and services offered from our branch continue to be concentrated in and around the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA, our third-party loan origination relationships have allowed us to expand into new markets across the United States. These relationships support our ability to generate significant loan volume across diverse consumer and commercial markets and have been the primary source of our significant growth and superior profitability.

Our financial condition and results of operations depend primarily on our ability to originate loans using our strategic relationships with third-party loan origination platforms to earn interest and non-interest income. We focus on four main lending areas: (i) SBA 7(a) loans, (ii) Strategic Programs, (iii) residential and commercial real estate and (iv) commercial leasing. For a description and analysis of our loan categories, see “Financial Condition.”

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Executive Summary

This executive summary provides certain 2024 and 2023 financial highlights from the discussion and analysis that follows:

• For the three months ended September 30, 2024, originations increased to $1.4 billion from $1.1 billion when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, originations increased to $3.7 billion from $3.1 billion when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. New Strategic Programs and organic growth through existing programs contributed to the increase in loan originations for both comparative periods.

• Net interest margin (“NIM”) was 9.70% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 11.77% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. NIM was 10.05% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 12.11% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. NIM is impacted by income earned from interest-earning assets and interest costs incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. NIM decreased in both periods principally as a result of FinWise having diversified its revenue sources by lending to lower risk borrowers with lower yields on loans.

• FinWise generated $3.5 million and $4.8 million of net income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $9.9 million and $13.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net income declined in both comparative periods as FinWise invested in expansion of its product offerings and supporting business infrastructure.

• Total assets increased by $96.8 million to $683.0 million as of September 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023, principally in loans and investment securities. We believe our strong capital levels support our current and planned growth strategy.

Strategic Program Service Providers

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we entered into the following new strategic program relationships:

• We enhanced our portfolio of private student loan products through our new strategic lending program with Earnest, to help students and their families with education financing.

• We announced our first strategic payments program with Hank Payments Corp. to offer modernized payments and cash management solutions to our customers.

• We announced our new strategic lending program with Plannery to offer a debt consolidation platform exclusively for healthcare professionals.

• We announced the launch of a new strategic lending program with PowerPay to offer consumers a simple and affordable lending solution for home improvement and elective health care purchases.

We have introduced our Payments (MoneyRails™) and Bank Identification Number (“BIN”) Sponsorship products which, together with our Strategic Programs, comprise the Bank’s Fintech Banking & Payment Solutions offerings. Payments (MoneyRails™) and BIN Sponsorship connect our customers to the Bank’s API-driven banking services ledger. Payments (MoneyRails™) and BIN Sponsorship remain under development.

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Results of Operations

Net Income Overview

The following table sets forth the principal components of net income for the periods indicated.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change
Interest income	$	18,924	$	17,212	9.9	%	$	54,991	$	46,482	18.3	%
Interest expense	(4,161)		(2,801)		48.6	%	(11,607)		(6,290)		84.5	%
Net interest income	14,763		14,411		2.4	%	43,384		40,192		7.9	%
Provision for credit losses	(2,157)		(3,070)		(29.7)	%	(7,696)		(8,429)		(8.7)	%
Non-interest income	6,054		4,892		23.8	%	16,882		15,299		10.3	%
Non-interest expense	(14,049)		(9,733)		44.3	%	(39,272)		(29,061)		35.1	%
Provision for income taxes	(1,157)		(1,696)		(31.8)	%	(3,349)		(4,698)		(28.7)	%
Net income	$	3,454	$	4,804	(28.1)	%	$	9,949	$	13,303	(25.2)	%

Net Interest Income and NIM

Net interest income was the primary contributor to our earnings in 2024 and 2023. Net interest income is affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as “volume changes.” It is also affected by changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds, referred to as “rate changes.”

Net interest income increased for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to increases in the average balances of our loans held-for-sale and loans held for investment portfolios, partially offset by yield decreases on those same portfolios as well as increased rates and volumes on the certificate of deposit balances. Net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024, includes a $0.5 million one-time decrease for accrued interest not previously reversed at the time loans were deemed nonperforming. NIM decreased to 9.70% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from 11.77% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 primarily from our strategy to reduce average credit risk in the loan portfolio by increasing our investment in higher quality but lower yielding loans combined with the increased cost of funds as the Bank competed in the national deposit market for funds to support our asset growth.

Net interest income increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to volume increases in the loans held for investment and loans held-for-sale portfolios and was partially offset by increased volume and rate in the certificates of deposit portfolio which also contributed to the increase in our cost of funds. NIM decreased to 10.05% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from 12.11% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily from our strategy to reduce average credit risk in the loan portfolio combined with the increased cost of funds as the Bank competed in the national deposit market for funds to support our asset growth. Also contributing to the decrease in NIM was the previously described one-time decrease in net interest income.

Average Balances and Yields. The following tables present average balances for assets and liabilities, the total dollar amounts of interest income from interest-earning assets, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, the resulting average yields and costs, and NIM. The yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing the annualized income or expense by the average balances for assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented. The weighted average yields and rates include amortization of fees, costs, premiums and discounts, which are considered adjustments to yield/rates. Average balances have been calculated using daily averages.

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	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024						2023
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Cost		Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Cost
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	78,967	$	1,036	5.22	%	$	116,179	$	1,569	5.36	%
Investment securities	33,615		298		3.53	%	14,958		88		2.34	%
Loans held-for-sale	70,123		4,913		27.87	%	38,410		3,823		39.49	%
Loans held for investment 1	422,820		12,677		11.93	%	316,220		11,732		14.72	%
Total interest-earning assets	605,525		18,924		12.43	%	485,767		17,212		14.06	%
Noninterest-earning assets	56,290						27,240
Total assets	$	661,815					$	513,007
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand	$	55,562	$	547	3.92	%	$	48,303	$	483	3.96	%
Savings	9,538		18		0.76	%	9,079		17		0.74	%
Money market accounts	13,590		127		3.72	%	15,140		142		3.73	%
Certificates of deposit	262,537		3,469		5.26	%	183,273		2,159		4.67	%
Total deposits	341,227		4,161		4.85	%	255,795		2,801		4.34	%
Other borrowings	112		—		0.35	%	235		—		0.35	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	341,339		4,161		4.85	%	256,030		2,801		4.34	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits	127,561						92,077
Noninterest-bearing liabilities	25,536						16,299
Shareholders’ equity	167,379						148,601
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	661,815					$	513,007
Net interest income and interest rate spread 2			$	14,763	7.58	%			$	14,411	9.72	%
Net interest margin 3					9.70	%					11.77	%
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest- bearing liabilities					177.40	%					189.73	%

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024						2023
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Cost		Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Cost
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	98,741	$	3,989	5.40	%	$	105,948	$	3,993	5.04	%
Investment securities	21,144		496		3.13	%	14,415		237		2.20	%
Loans held-for-sale	55,946		12,659		30.22	%	36,974		10,744		38.85	%
Loans held for investment 1	400,983		37,847		12.61	%	286,302		31,508		14.71	%
Total interest-earning assets	576,814		54,991		12.73	%	443,639		46,482		14.01	%
Noninterest-earning assets	48,534						24,287
Total assets	$	625,348					$	467,926
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand	$	59,993	$	1,491	3.32	%	$	44,669	$	1,294	3.87	%
Savings	9,702		56		0.78	%	8,245		37		0.61	%
Money market accounts	11,128		305		3.66	%	13,748		310		3.01	%
Certificates of deposit	251,127		9,755		5.19	%	146,914		4,648		4.23	%
Total deposits	331,950		11,607		4.67	%	213,576		6,289		3.94	%
Other borrowings	142		—		0.35	%	266		1		0.35	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	332,092		11,607		4.67	%	213,842		6,290		3.93	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits	103,669						93,247
Noninterest-bearing liabilities	26,265						15,687
Shareholders’ equity	163,322						145,150
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	625,348					$	467,926
Net interest income and interest rate spread 2			$	43,384	8.06	%			$	40,192	10.08	%
Net interest margin 3					10.05	%					12.11	%
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest- bearing liabilities					173.69	%					207.46	%

1 Loans placed on nonaccrual status are included in loan balances.

2 Interest spread is the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets, less the weighted average rate incurred on interest-bearing liabilities.

3 Net interest margin is net interest income, expressed as a percentage of average earning assets.

Rate/Volume Analysis. The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income based on average balances. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in average rate. The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in average volume. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to changes in both average rate and average volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionally based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.

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	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024 vs 2023						2024 vs 2023
	Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in:						Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in:
($ in thousands)	Rate		Volume		Total		Rate		Volume		Total
Interest income:
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks	$	(40)	$	(493)	$	(533)	$	(99)	$	95	$	(4)
Investment securities	61		149		210		123		136		259
Loans held-for-sale	(603)		1,693		1,090		(1,460)		3,375		1,915
Loans held for investment	(1,216)		2,161		945		(3,525)		9,864		6,339
Total interest income	(1,798)		3,510		1,712		(4,961)		13,470		8,509
Interest expense:
Demand	(5)		69		64		(141)		338		197
Savings	—		1		1		12		7		19
Money market accounts	—		(15)		(15)		(42)		37		(5)
Certificates of deposit	293		1,017		1,310		1,236		3,870		5,106

Total interest-bearing liabilities	288		1,072		1,360		1,065		4,252		5,317
Change in net interest income	$	(2,086)	$	2,438	$	352	$	(6,026)	$	9,218	$	3,192

Provision for Credit Losses

The decrease in our provision for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023, was primarily related to our periodic assessment of the qualitative factors resulting in the removal of the qualitative factor related to COVID, and modestly lower net charge-offs, partially offset by an increase in other qualitative factors.

Non-interest Income

The following tables present, for the periods indicated, the major categories of non-interest income:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		$		%
Non-interest income:
Strategic Program fees	$	4,862	$	3,945	$	917	23.2	%
Gain on sale of loans	393		357		36		10.1	%
SBA loan servicing fees, net	87		(138)		225		163.0	%
Change in fair value on investment in BFG	(100)		(500)		400		(80.0	%)
Other miscellaneous income	812		1,228		(416)		(33.9	%)
Total non-interest income	$	6,054	$	4,892	$	1,162	23.8	%

The increase in total non-interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily due to increased fees associated with the higher origination volume of Strategic Program loans,

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partially offset by a decrease in other miscellaneous income related to a $0.6 million gain on the resolution of a forbearance agreement in our SBA lending program recognized in the third quarter of 2023.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		$		%
Non-interest income:
Strategic Program fees	$	12,862	$	11,684	$	1,178	10.1	%
Gain on sale of loans	1,164		1,244		(80)		(6.5	%)
SBA loan servicing fees, net	957		1,271		(314)		(24.7	%)
Change in fair value on investment in BFG	(425)		(800)		375		(46.8	%)
Other miscellaneous income	2,324		1,900		424		22.3	%
Total non-interest income	$	16,882	$	15,299	1,583		10.3	%

The increase in total non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, was primarily due to increased fees associated with the higher origination volume of Strategic Program loans and increased rental income on our commercial operating leases, which is included in other miscellaneous income.

Non-interest Expense

The following tables present, for the periods indicated, the major categories of non-interest expense:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		$		%
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	9,659	$	6,416	$	3,243	50.5	%
Professional services	1,331		750		581		77.5	%
Occupancy and equipment expenses	1,046		958		88		9.2	%

Other operating expenses	2,013		1,609		404		25.1	%
Total non-interest expense	$	14,049	$	9,733	$	4,316	44.3	%

The increase in total non-interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, was primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits due mainly to an increase in the number of employees, a catch-up in bonus accrual expense of $0.4 million to reflect updated performance award estimates, and amortization of the 2024 deferred compensation awards totaling $0.6 million. Increases in professional services were mainly attributable to increased contract expenses of $0.5 million and increases in other operating expenses related to data processing costs of $0.3 million to support the growth in our business infrastructure.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		$		%
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	25,830	$	18,354	$	7,476	40.7	%
Professional services	4,180		3,529		651		18.4	%
Occupancy and equipment expenses	3,147		2,388		759		31.8	%

Other operating expenses	6,115		4,790		1,325		27.7	%
Total non-interest expense	$	39,272	$	29,061	$	10,211	35.1	%

The increase in total non-interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, was primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits due mainly to an increase in the number of employees, the aforementioned bonus accrual catch-up of $0.4 million, and amortization of the 2024 deferred

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compensation awards totaling $0.8 million. Increases in occupancy and equipment expense totaling $0.6 million resulted primarily from an increase in depreciation on operating lease equipment while increases in professional fees totaling $0.6 million resulted primarily from an increase in audit fees and contract services. The increase in other operating expenses was primarily driven by increases in data processing costs of $0.4 million, SBA program fees and underwriting related to SBA loans of $0.4 million, and a charge related to potential bad debt expense on our program receivables of $0.4 million.

Provision for Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 resulted in an effective income tax rate of 25.1%, 26.1%, 25.2% and 26.1%, respectively. The effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 due primarily to the resolution of state tax matters, the effects of state taxes and the tax effect of stock-based compensation. The effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to the effects of state income taxes, the tax effect of stock-based compensation and nondeductible compensation related to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Net Income

The changes in net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023, were primarily the result of the factors discussed above.

Financial Condition

The following table summarizes selected components of our consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.


	As of						Change
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023			$		%

Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	$	78,063		$	116,564		$	(38,501)	(33.0)	%
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value	30,472			—			30,472		100.0	%
Investment securities held-to-maturity, net	13,270			15,388			(2,118)		(13.8)	%
Loans held for investment, net	418,065			358,560			59,505		16.6	%
Total assets	683,031			586,221			96,810		16.5	%
Deposits	488,659			404,833			83,826		20.7	%
Total liabilities	512,661			431,165			81,496		18.9	%
Total shareholders' equity	170,370			155,056			15,314		9.9	%
Total equity to total assets	24.9		%	26.5		%			(5.7)	%

Interest-Bearing Deposits in Other Banks

The decrease in interest-bearing deposits in other banks from December 31, 2023 to September 30, 2024, was primarily due to the purchase of the investment securities available-for-sale. Aside from minimal balances held with our correspondent banks, the majority of our interest-bearing deposits are at the Federal Reserve.

Securities

We use our securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, provide an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital requirements.

We classify investment securities as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale based on our intentions and our ability to hold such securities until maturity. In determining such classifications, securities that we have the positive intent and the ability to hold until maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost. All other securities are designated as available-for-sale and carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in shareholders’ equity on an after-tax basis.

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The following table summarizes the weighted-average yields of our investment securities at September 30, 2024. The weighted average yield of investment securities was calculated using the sum of all interest that the investments generate, divided by the average book value. There are no tax-exempt securities.


	1 Year or Less		1 - 5 Years		5 - 10 Years		Over 10 Years		Total
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasuries	4.68	%	4.19	%	—	%	—	%	4.23	%

Securities held-to-maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities	—	%	—	%	2.25	%	1.73	%	1.87	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations	—	%	—	%	3.15	%	3.07	%	3.08	%
Total	4.68	%	4.19	%	2.52	%	2.52	%	3.70	%

There were no calls, sales or maturities of securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

At September 30, 2024, we had a total of seventeen securities in an unrealized loss position, consisting of eight collateralized mortgage obligations and nine mortgage-backed securities. At December 31, 2023, we had a total of nineteen securities in an unrealized loss position, consisting of nine collateralized mortgage obligations and ten mortgage-backed securities.

Loan Portfolio Program Summary

The following table summarizes our gross loan portfolio held for investment by loan program as of the dates indicated:


	As of September 30, 2024				As of December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Amount		% of total loans		Amount		% of total loans
SBA (1)	$	251,439	57.9	%	$	239,922	64.5	%
Commercial leases	64,277		14.8	%	38,110		10.2	%
Commercial, non-real estate	3,025		0.7	%	2,457		0.7	%
Residential real estate	41,391		9.5	%	38,123		10.2	%
Strategic Program loans	19,409		4.5	%	19,408		5.2	%
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	32,480		7.5	%	20,798		5.6	%
Non-owner occupied	2,736		0.7	%	2,025		0.5	%
Consumer	19,206		4.4	%	11,372		3.1	%
Total loans held for investment, gross	$	433,963	100.0	%	$	372,215	100.0	%

(1) SBA loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include $154.5 million and $131.7 million, respectively, of SBA 7(a) loan balances that are guaranteed by the SBA.

We manage our loan portfolio based on factors that include concentrations per loan program and aggregated portfolio, industry of operation and geographies. We also monitor the impact of identified and estimated losses on capital as well as the pricing characteristics of each product. The following provides a general description and the risk characteristics relevant to each of the products. Each loan is assigned a risk grade during the origination and closing process by credit administration personnel based on criteria described later in this section. We analyze the resulting ratings, as well as other external statistics and factors such as delinquency, to track the migration performance of the portfolio balances. This ratings analysis is performed at least quarterly.

SBA Loans

We originate and service loans partially guaranteed by the SBA under its Section 7(a) loan program for small businesses and professionals throughout the USA. Through our diversification efforts, we have built an SBA 7(a) portfolio that we

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believe positions us to better withstand economic shifts. For example, we focus on industries such as non-store retailers (e-commerce), ambulatory healthcare services, professional, scientific and technical services (including law firms), and merchant wholesalers.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had total SBA 7(a) loans of $251.4 million and $239.9 million, respectively, representing 57.9% and 64.5% of our total loans held for investment, respectively. Loans are sourced primarily through our referral relationship with BFG. Although BFG actively markets throughout the USA, because of its physical location in the New York area we have developed a lending presence in the New York and New Jersey geographies. The maximum SBA 7(a) loan amount is $5 million. Underwriting is generally based on commercial credit metrics where the primary repayment source is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. These loans may be secured by commercial and residential mortgages as well as liens on business assets. In addition to typical underwriting metrics, we review the nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business and management experience to help us target loans that we believe have lower credit risk. The SBA 7(a) program generally provides 50%, 75%, 85% and 90% guarantees for eligible SBA 7(a) loans. The guaranty is conditional and covers a portion of the risk of payment default by the borrower, but not the risk of improper underwriting, closing or servicing by the lender. As such, prudent underwriting, closing and servicing processes are essential to effective utilization of the SBA 7(a) program. Historically, we have generally sold the SBA-guaranteed portion (typically 75% of the principal balance) of a majority of the loans we originate at a premium in the secondary market while retaining all servicing rights and the unguaranteed portion; however, beginning in 2020, we made the decision to drive interest income by retaining a larger amount of the guaranteed portion of these loans. In light of suppressed gain-on-sale premiums and increasing variable loan rates during 2023, we retained on our balance sheet a greater percentage of the guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans that we originated than we have historically, which we believe will benefit us through stronger government guaranteed held for investment loan growth and an increased recurring stream of interest income and partially offset the decline in gain-on-sale revenue.

Commercial leases

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had total commercial leases of $64.3 million and $38.1 million, respectively, representing 14.8% and 10.2% of our total loans held for investment, respectively. Underwriting for smaller credit requests from customers is generally based on an internal credit scorecard, incorporating several customer and structure attributes including: severity and aging of delinquency; number of credit inquiries; LTV ratio; term; and payment-to-income ratio. We periodically update our underwriting scorecard, which can have an impact on our credit tier scoring. Underwriting for larger credit requests from customers is generally based on commercial credit metrics where the primary repayment source considered is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow (when applicable) and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. The nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business, management experience, repayment ability, credit history, ratio calculations and assessment of collateral adequacy are also considerations. These leases are generally secured by liens on business assets leased or purchased with Company funds. Historically, we have retained these leases on our balance sheet for investment; however, we may sell leases to certain purchasers from time to time.

Commercial, non-real estate

Commercial non-real estate loans consist of loans and leases made to commercial enterprises that are not secured by real estate. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had total commercial non-real estate loans of $3.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively, representing 0.7% and 0.7% of our total loans held for investment, respectively. Any loan, lease, line of credit, or letter of credit (including any unfunded commitments) and any interest obtained in such loans made by another lender to individuals, sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, or other business enterprises for commercial, industrial, agricultural, or professional purposes, not secured by real estate, but not for personal expenditure purposes are included in this category. For example, commercial vehicle term loans and commercial working capital term loans. Underwriting is generally based on commercial credit metrics where the primary repayment source is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow (when applicable) and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. The nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business, management experience, repayment ability, credit history, ratio calculations and assessment of collateral adequacy are all considerations. These loans are generally secured by liens on business assets. Historically, we have retained these loans on our balance sheet for investment.

Residential real estate

Residential real estate loans include construction, lot and land development loans that are for the purpose of acquisition and development of property to be improved through the construction of residential buildings, and loans secured by other

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residential real estate. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had total residential real estate loans of $41.4 million and $38.1 million, respectively, representing 9.5% and 10.2% of our total loans held for investment, respectively. Construction loans are usually paid off through the conversion to permanent financing from third-party lending institutions. Lot loans may be paid off as the borrower converts to a construction loan. At the completion of the construction project, if the loan is converted to permanent financing by us or if scheduled loan amortization begins, it is then reclassified from construction to single-family dwelling. Underwriting of construction and development loans typically includes analysis of not only the borrower’s financial condition and ability to meet the required debt obligations, but also the general market conditions associated with the area and type of project being funded. These loans are generally secured by mortgages for residential property located primarily in the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA, and we obtain guarantees from responsible parties. Historically, we have retained these loans on our balance sheet for investment.

Strategic Program loans

We, through our Strategic Program service providers, issue, on a nationwide basis, unsecured and secured consumer and business loans to borrowers within certain approved credit profiles. Although we have generally sold most of these loans, we may choose to hold more of the funded loans and/or receivables based on a number of factors including the amount of our available capital. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had total Strategic Program loans held for investment of $19.4 million and $19.4 million, respectively, representing 4.5% and 5.2% of our total loans held for investment, respectively. Loans originated through these programs are limited to predetermined Bank underwriting criteria, which has been approved by our board of directors. The primary form of repayment on these loans is from personal or business cash flow. Secured loans are secured by liens on consumer or business assets, as applicable. We reserve the right to sell any portion of funded loans and/or receivables directly to the Strategic Program service providers or other investors. We generally retain the legal right to service all these loans, but contract with the Strategic Program service provider or another approved sub-servicer to service these loans on our behalf.

Commercial real estate

Commercial real estate loans include loans to individuals, sole proprietors, partnerships, corporations, or other business enterprises for commercial, industrial, agricultural, or professional purposes, secured by real estate, but not for personal expenditure purposes. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had total commercial real estate loans of $35.2 million and $22.8 million, respectively, representing 8.1% and 6.1% of our total loans held for investment, respectively. Of these amounts, $32.5 million and $20.8 million represented owner occupied properties as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Underwriting is generally based on commercial credit metrics where the primary repayment source is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow (when applicable) and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. The nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business, management experience, repayment ability, credit history, ratio calculations and assessment of collateral adequacy are all considerations. In addition to real estate, these loans may also be secured by liens on business assets. Historically, we have retained these loans on our balance sheet for investment.

Consumer

Consumer lending provides financing for personal, family, or household purposes on a nationwide basis. Most of these loans are originated through our POS platform and come from a variety of sources, including other approved merchant or dealer relationships and lending platforms. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had total consumer loans of $19.2 million and $11.4 million, respectively, representing 4.4% and 3.1% of our total loans held for investment, respectively. We use a debt-to-income (“DTI”) ratio to determine whether an applicant will be able to service the debt. The DTI ratio compares the applicant’s anticipated monthly expenses and total monthly obligations to the applicant’s monthly gross income. Our policy is to limit the DTI ratio to 45% after calculating interest payments related to the new loan. Loan officers, at their discretion, may make exceptions to this ratio if the loan is within their authorized lending limit. DTI ratios of no more than 50% may be approved subject to an increase in interest rate. Strong offsetting factors such as higher discretionary income or large down payments are used to justify exceptions to these guidelines. All exceptions are documented and reported. While the loans are generally for the purchase of goods which may afford us a purchase money security interest, they are underwritten as if they were unsecured. On larger loans, we may file a Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”) financing form. Historically, we have retained these loans on our balance sheet for investment.

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Loan Maturity

The following table details the contractual maturity ranges of loans in our loan portfolio and the amount of such loans with fixed and variable rates in each maturity range as of September 30, 2024:


As of September 30, 2024	Remaining Contractual Maturity Held for Investment
($ in thousands)	One Year or Less		After One Year and Through Five Years		After Five Years and Through Fifteen Years		After Fifteen Years		Total
Fixed rate loans:
SBA	$	452	$	743	$	1,762	$	1,132	$	4,089
Commercial leases	16,911		45,126		2,240		—		64,277
Commercial, non-real estate	687		1,926		412		—		3,025
Residential real estate	6,774		3,423		57		—		10,254
Strategic Program loans	14,410		4,638		330		—		19,378
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	1,844		558		—		—		2,402
Non-owner occupied	157		338		647		53		1,195
Consumer	5,216		13,001		989		—		19,206
Subtotal fixed rate loans	46,451		69,753		6,437		1,185		123,826

Variable rate loans:
SBA	18,489		73,291		105,754		49,816		247,350
Commercial leases	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial, non-real estate	—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	27,971		1,724		1,442		—		31,137
Strategic Program loans	3		13		15		—		31
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	2,749		10,332		13,899		3,098		30,078
Non-owner occupied	1,524		17		—		—		1,541
Consumer	—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal variable rate loans	50,736		85,377		121,110		52,914		310,137
Total	$	97,187	$	155,130	$	127,547	$	54,099	$	433,963

Nonperforming Assets

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were contractually due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether such loans are actually past due. In general, we place loans on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due. We also generally place loans on nonaccrual status if they are less than 90 days past due if the collection of principal or interest is in doubt. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed from income. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent recoveries received (either from payments received from the customer, derived from the disposition of collateral or from legal action, such as judgment enforcement) exceed liquidation expenses incurred and outstanding principal.

A nonaccrual asset may be restored to accrual status when (1) none of its principal and interest is due and unpaid, and we expect repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest, or (2) when asset otherwise becomes well secured and is not in the process of collection.

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Any loan which we deem to be uncollectible, in whole or in part, is charged off to the extent of the anticipated loss. In general, loans that are past due for 90 days or more are charged off unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Consumer loans and credit card balances are charged off at 120 days and 180 days, respectively. We believe our disciplined lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and timely resolution of problem assets. We have several procedures in place to assist us in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. We have established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our loan officers, and we also monitor our delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.

We had a total of $30.6 million in nonperforming assets which included $0.9 million in material loan modifications at September 30, 2024. The amount of nonperforming assets as of September 30, 2024 includes $17.8 million of SBA 7(a) loan balances that are guaranteed by the SBA. We had $27.1 million in nonperforming assets which included $0.4 million in material loan modifications at December 31, 2023. The amount of nonperforming assets as of December 31, 2023 includes $15.0 million of SBA 7(a) loan balances that are guaranteed by the SBA. The increase in nonperforming assets and material loan modifications from the prior period was primarily attributable to several loans in the SBA 7(a) loan portfolio moving to nonperforming status. Due to elevated interest rates, the slowdown of consumer spending and the variable rate nature of our SBA portfolio, the risk of default is elevated and may result in additional delinquencies in future periods.

Credit Risk Profile

We believe that we underwrite loans carefully and thoroughly, limiting our lending activities to those products and services where we have the resources and expertise to lend profitably without undue credit risk. We require all loans to conform to policy (or otherwise be identified as exceptions to policy and monitored and reported on, at minimum, quarterly) and be granted on a sound basis. Loans are made with a primary emphasis on loan profitability, credit risk and concentration exposures.

We are proactive in our approach to identifying and resolving problem loans and are focused on working with the borrowers and guarantors of problem loans to provide loan modifications when warranted. When considering how to best diversify our loan portfolio, we consider several factors including our aggregate and product-line specific concentration risks, our business line expertise, and the ability of our infrastructure to appropriately support the product. While certain product lines generate higher net charge-offs, our exposure is carefully monitored and mitigated by our concentration policies and reserved for by the loan loss allowance we maintain. Specifically, retention of certain Strategic Program loans with higher default rates accounts for a disproportionate amount of our charge-offs. In addition to our oversight of the credit policies and processes associated with these programs, we limit within our concentration policies the aggregate exposure of these loans as a percentage of the total loan portfolio, carefully monitor certain vintage loss-indicative factors such as first payment default and marketing channels, and appropriately provision for these balances so that the cumulative charge-off rates remain consistent with management expectations. While the level of nonperforming assets fluctuates in response to changing economic and market conditions, the relative size and composition of the loan portfolio, and our management’s degree of success in resolving problem assets, we believe our proactive stance to early identification and intervention is the key to successfully managing our loan portfolio.

Accurate and timely loan risk grading is considered a critical component of an effective credit risk management system. Loan grades take into consideration the borrower’s financial condition, industry trends, and the economic environment. Loan risk grades are changed as necessary to reflect the risk inherent in the loan. Among other things, we use loan risk grading information for loan pricing, risk and collection management and determining credit loss reserve adequacy. Further, on a quarterly basis, the Loan Committee holds a Loan Risk Grade meeting, wherein all loans in our portfolio are reviewed for accurate risk grading. Any changes are made after the Loan Risk Grade meeting to provide for accurate reporting. Reporting is achieved in Loan Committee minutes, which minutes are reviewed by the Board. We supplement credit department supervision of the loan underwriting, approval, closing, servicing and risk grading process with periodic loan reviews by risk department personnel specific to the testing of controls.

We use a grading system to rank the quality of each loan. The grade is periodically evaluated and adjusted as performance dictates. Internal loan grades are based on current financial information, historical payment experience, and credit documentation, among other factors. The following guidelines govern the assignment of these risk grades. We do not currently grade Strategic Program loans held for investment due to their small balances and homogenous nature. As credit quality for Strategic Program loans have been highly correlated with delinquency levels, the Strategic Program loans are evaluated collectively for impairment.

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Pass - A Pass asset is higher quality and does not fit any of the other categories described below. The likelihood of loss is believed to be remote.

Watch – A Watch asset may be a larger loan or one that places a heavier reliance on collateral due to the relative financial strength of the borrower. The assets may be maintenance intensive requiring closer monitoring. The obligor is believed to have an adequate primary source of repayment. New loans pursuant to the SBA 7(a) program are classified as watch loans until they have a demonstrated period of satisfactory performance, typically 18 months.

Special Mention – A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that may be temporary or, if left uncorrected, may result in a loss. While concerns exist, we believe that it is currently protected against a default and loss is considered unlikely and not imminent.

Substandard – A Substandard asset is believed to be inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have identified weaknesses and are characterized by the possibility that we may sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.

Not Rated - For certain Strategic Program and consumer loans, we do not evaluate and risk rate the loans in the same manner as other loans in our portfolio. The Not Rated loans are typically homogenous, smaller dollar balances approved using abridged underwriting methods that allow us to streamline the loan approval process and increase efficiency . Credit quality for Strategic Program loans has been highly correlated with delinquency levels.

Allowance for Credit Losses

We adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update No. 2016–13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) , commonly referred to as the “CECL model,” on January 1, 2023.

The estimate of credit loss incorporates assumptions for both the likelihood and amount of funding over the estimated life of the commitments, including adjustments for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management periodically reviews and updates its assumptions for estimated funding rates. Our judgment in determining the adequacy of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available and as situations and information change. We evaluate the ACL on at least a quarterly basis and take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans and current economic conditions and trends that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay. The quality of the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the ACL is reviewed by regulatory examinations and our auditors.

Credit losses are charged against the ACL when we believe that the collectability of the principal loan balance is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received. The amortized cost basis of loans does not include accrued interest receivable, which is included in "accrued interest receivable" on the consolidated balance sheets. The “provision for credit losses” on the consolidated statements of income is a combination of the provision for credit losses and the provision for unfunded loan commitments.

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The following tables present a summary of changes in the ACL for the periods and dates indicated:


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
ACL:
Beginning balance	$	13,127	$	12,321	$	12,888	$	11,985
Impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption (1)	—		—		—		257
Adjusted beginning balance	13,127		12,321		12,888		12,242
Provision for credit losses	1,944		2,910		7,482		8,253
Charge-offs
Construction and land development	—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	(27)		—		(91)		(121)
Residential real estate multifamily	—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	(103)		(31)		(628)		(153)
Non-owner occupied	(221)		—		(221)		—
Commercial and industrial	(96)		(107)		(334)		(191)
Consumer	(15)		(28)		(74)		(47)
Lease financing receivables	(113)		—		(293)		—
Strategic Program loans	(2,360)		(2,748)		(7,268)		(8,289)
Recoveries
Construction and land development	—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	3		3		59		87
Residential real estate multifamily	—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	219		—		222		—
Non-owner occupied	—		389		—		389
Commercial and industrial	2		18		17		21
Consumer	4		2		5		2
Lease financing receivables	8		—		15		—
Strategic Program loans	289		257		882		793
Ending balance	$	12,661	$	12,986	$	12,661	$	12,986

(1) ASU 2016-13 (CECL) was adopted January 1, 2023.

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The following tables show the allocation of the ACL as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The ACL related to Strategic Programs constitutes 48.1% and 54.8% of the total ACL while comprising 4.5% and 5.2%, respectively, of total loans held for investment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The percentage of ACL related to Strategic Program loans retained reflects the increased credit risks associated with certain retained Strategic Program loans.


	September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amount		% of Total Allowance
Construction and land development	$	712	5.6	%
Residential real estate	781		6.2	%
Residential real estate multifamily	34		0.3	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	2,769		21.9	%
Non-owner occupied	141		1.1	%
Commercial and industrial	371		2.9	%
Consumer	530		4.2	%
Lease financing receivables	1,234		9.7	%
Strategic Program loans	6,089		48.1	%
Total	$	12,661	100.0	%


	December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Amount		% of Total Allowance
Construction and land development	$	316	2.4	%
Residential real estate	956		7.4	%
Residential real estate multifamily	6		0.1	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	3,336		25.9	%
Non-owner occupied	282		2.2	%
Commercial and industrial	361		2.8	%
Consumer	211		1.6	%
Commercial leases	355		2.8	%
Strategic Program loans	7,065		54.8	%
Total	$	12,888	100.0	%

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The following table reflects the ratios of the ACL to total loans held for investment (“LHFI”), nonaccrual loans to total loans held for investment, and the ACL to nonaccrual loans by CECL loan category as of September 30, 2024.


	ACL to Total LHFI		Nonaccrual Loans to Total LHFI		ACL to Nonaccrual Loans
Construction and land development	2.1	%	—	%	—	%
Residential real estate	1.3	%	2.3	%	56.2	%
Residential real estate multifamily	2.3	%	—	%	—	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	1.5	%	12.9	%	11.4	%
Non-owner occupied	1.1	%	24.4	%	4.5	%
Commercial and industrial	1.0	%	2.4	%	43.0	%
Consumer	2.8	%	—	%	—	%
Lease financing receivables	1.9	%	0.3	%	657.3	%
Strategic Program loans	31.4	%	—	%	—	%
Total	2.9	%	6.9	%	42.4	%

The following table reflects the ratios of the ACL to total LHFI, nonaccrual loans to total loans held for investment, and the ACL to nonaccrual loans by CECL loan category as of December 31, 2023.


($ in thousands)	ACL to Total LHFI		Nonaccrual Loans to Total LHFI		ACL to Nonaccrual Loans
Construction and land development	1.1	%	—	%	—	%
Residential real estate	1.9	%	3.1	%	60.3	%
Residential real estate multifamily	1.0	%	—	%	—	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	1.8	%	11.6	%	15.4	%
Non-owner occupied	1.8	%	15.4	%	12.0	%
Commercial and industrial	1.7	%	1.3	%	128.2	%
Consumer	1.9	%	—	%	—	%
Lease financing receivables	0.9	%	—	%	—	%
Strategic Program loans	36.4	%	—	%	—	%
Total	3.5	%	7.0	%	49.8	%

When comparing September 30, 2024 to December 31, 2023, the decrease in ACL to total loans held for investment was primarily due to the reduction in Strategic Program loans held for investment. The decrease in nonaccrual loans to total loans held for investment as shown above was primarily due to the growth in the loans held for investment portfolio. The decrease in the ACL to nonaccrual loans ratio as shown above primarily pertained to growth in the nonaccrual loans concentrated in the SBA product which has a lower risk profile than the Strategic Program loans.

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The following table summarizes net charge-offs (“NCO”), average loans and the ratio of NCO to average loans for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024						Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
($ in thousands)	Net Charge- Offs		Average Loans		NCO to Average Loans		Net Charge- Offs		Average Loans		NCO to Average Loans
Construction and land development	$	—	$	29,027	—	%	$	—	$	26,102	—	%
Residential real estate	24		58,504		0.2	%	(3)		38,805		—	%
Residential real estate multifamily	—		1,318		—	%	—		579		—	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	(116)		189,657		(0.2)	%	31		168,996		0.1	%
Non-owner occupied	221		18,610		4.7	%	(389)		10,752		(14.4)	%
Commercial and industrial	94		29,734		1.3	%	89		17,943		2.0	%
Consumer	11		17,128		0.3	%	26		6,398		1.6	%
Lease financing receivables	105		60,284		0.7	%	—		26,161		—	%
Strategic Program loans	2,071		18,559		44.4	%	2,491		20,485		48.2	%
Total	$	2,410	$	422,821	2.3	%	$	2,245	$	316,220	2.8	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
($ in thousands)	Net Charge- Offs		Average Loans		NCO to Average Loans		Net Charge- Offs		Average Loans		NCO to Average Loans
Construction and land development	$	—	$	29,417	—	%	$	—	$	26,690	—	%
Residential real estate	32		55,348		0.1	%	34		33,465		0.1	%
Residential real estate multifamily	—		1,084		—	%	—		519		—	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	406		188,512		0.3	%	153		150,641		0.1	%
Non-owner occupied	221		16,884		1.7	%	(389)		11,290		(4.6)	%
Commercial and industrial	317		25,274		1.7	%	170		16,445		1.4	%
Consumer	69		14,993		0.6	%	45		5,991		1.0	%
Lease financing receivables	278		52,101		0.7	%	—		19,222		—	%
Strategic Program loans	6,386		18,112		47.1	%	7,496		22,039		45.5	%
Total	$	7,709	$	401,725	2.6	%	$	7,509	$	286,302	3.5	%

The total ratio of NCO to average loans outstanding was lower during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the loan portfolio growth in loans deemed to have less credit risk.

Total Assets

Total assets at September 30, 2024 were $683.0 million, an increase of $96.8 million from December 31, 2023. The increase in total assets was primarily due to the increase in loans held for investment, net of $59.5 million, mainly attributable to the growth in our commercial lease, SBA and commercial real estate - owner occupied portfolios, Strategic Program loans held-for-sale of $36.5 million, and investment securities available-for-sale of $30.5 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in interest-bearing deposits in other banks of $38.5 million used to purchase the

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investment securities available-for-sale. These changes were consistent with our strategy to grow assets in lower risk revenue producing products.

Deposits

Deposits are the major source of funding for us. We offer a variety of deposit products including interest and noninterest bearing demand accounts, HSA demand deposits, money market and savings accounts and certificates of deposit, all of which we market at competitive pricing. We generate deposits from our customers on a relationship basis and through access to national institutional and brokered deposit sources. We also generate deposits in relation to our Strategic Programs in the form of reserve accounts as discussed above. These deposits add an element of flexibility in that they tend to increase or decrease in relation to the size of or Strategic Program loan portfolio. In addition to the reserve account, some Strategic Program loan originators maintain operating deposit accounts with us.

The following tables present the end of period and average balances of our deposit portfolio for the periods indicated (average balances have been calculated using daily averages):


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Total		Percent		Total		Percent
Period end:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	$	142,785	29.2	%	$	95,486	23.6	%
Interest-bearing deposits:
Demand	58,984		12.1	%	50,058		12.4	%
Savings	9,592		1.9	%	8,633		2.1	%
Money markets	15,027		3.1	%	11,661		2.9	%
Time certificates of deposit	262,271		53.7	%	238,995		59.0	%
Total period end deposits	$	488,659	100.0	%	$	404,833	100.0	%

Our deposits increased from December 31, 2023 to September 30, 2024 by $83.8 million, or 20.7%, primarily due to increases in noninterest-bearing demand deposits of $47.3 million, or 49.5%, and brokered time deposits of $14.1 million, or 6.6%. Deposits are used to fund our lending programs. As of September 30, 2024, $205.0 million of time certificates of deposit were callable giving us the ability to terminate the callable deposits and replace them with lower cost callable or non-callable deposits should it be economically beneficial for us to do so.

As an FDIC-insured institution, our deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) of the FDIC. The Dodd-Frank Act raised the limit for federal deposit insurance to $250,000 for most deposit accounts and increased the cash limit of Securities Investor Protection Corporation protection from $100,000 to $250,000. Our total uninsured deposits were $183.8 million and $136.9 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Uninsured deposits at the Bank as of September 30, 2024 include $44.0 million of total deposits contractually required to be maintained at the Bank pursuant to our Strategic Program agreements and an additional $48.9 million of total deposits associated with accounts owned by the parent holding company or the Bank. The maturity profile of our uninsured time deposits, those amounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit, at September 30, 2024 is as follows:


	September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Three months or less		More than three months to six months		More than six months to twelve months		More than twelve months		Total
Time deposits, uninsured	$	84	$	—	$	2,456	$	219	$	2,759

Total Liabilities

Total liabilities increased to $512.7 million, or 18.9%, as of September 30, 2024 from $431.2 million as of December 31, 2023 primarily due to an increase in deposits as discussed above.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Management

Liquidity management is the ability to meet current and future financial obligations of a short-term nature. Our primary sources of funds consist of deposit inflows, the sale of loans, principal and interest repayments on loans and net profits. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows, loan prepayments, loan sales and security sales are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition.

Our primary source of funds to originate new loans is derived from deposits. Deposits are comprised of core and non-core deposits. To attract core deposits from local and nationwide consumer and commercial markets, we historically paid rates at the higher end of the market, which we have been able to pay due to the higher margin of our technology oriented business model. We utilize rate listing services and website advertising to attract deposits from consumer and commercial sources. Non-core deposits generally include brokered deposits and deposits acquired through the utilization of a listing service.

We intend to have various term offerings to match our funding needs. With no current plans to expand our brick-and-mortar branch network, online and mobile banking offers a means to meet customer needs and better efficiency through technology compared to traditional branch networks. We believe that the rise of mobile and online banking provides us the opportunity to further leverage the technological competency we have demonstrated in recent years.

We regularly adjust our investment in liquid assets based upon our assessment of (1) expected loan demand, (2) expected deposit flows, (3) yields available on interest-earning deposits and securities and (4) the objectives of our asset/liability management, funds management and liquidity policies. The objective of the liquidity policy is to control the risk to our earnings and capital arising from the inability to meet obligations in a timely manner. This entails ensuring sufficient funds are available at a reasonable cost to meet potential demands from both fund providers and borrowers. Liquid assets, defined as cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits, were 12.6% of total assets at September 30, 2024.

We primarily utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities, each of which is discussed below. At September 30, 2024, we had the ability to access $41.9 million from the Federal Reserve Bank’s Discount Window on a collateralized basis. The Bank had an available unsecured line of credit with two correspondent banks to borrow up to $6.1 million in overnight funds. We also maintain a $25.0 million line of credit with Federal Home Loan Bank, secured by specific pledged loans. We had no outstanding balances on such unsecured or secured lines of credit as of September 30, 2024. In long term borrowings, we had $0.1 million outstanding at September 30, 2024 related to the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“ PPPLF”). The PPPLF is secured by pledged Paycheck Protection Program (“ PPP”) loans.

Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents. The levels of these assets depend on our operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given period. At September 30, 2024, liquid assets (defined as cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits) totaled $85.8 million and constituted 12.6% of total assets. In addition, d uring the three months ended September 30, 2024, we purchased U.S. Treasury securities, which are classified as investment securities available-for-sale. These investment securities totaled $30.5 million at September 30, 2024 (4.5% of total assets) and can be readily sold. W e believe that our liquid assets combined with the available lines of credit and our ability to generate core and non-core funding provides adequate liquidity to meet our current financial obligations for at least the next 12 months.

Capital Resources

We seek to maintain adequate capital to support anticipated asset growth, operating needs and unexpected risks, and to ensure that we are in compliance with all current and anticipated regulatory capital guidelines. Our primary sources of new capital include retained earnings and proceeds from the sale and issuance of capital stock or other securities. Expected future use or activities for which capital may be set aside include balance sheet growth and associated relative increases in marke t or credit exposure, investment activity, potential product and business expansions, acquisitions and strategic or infrastructure investments.

Shareholders’ equity increased $15.3 million to $170.4 million at September 30, 2024 compared to $155.1 million at December 31, 2023 primarily due to the purchase of additional equity interests in BFG in exchange for $4.1 million in FinWise Bancorp common stock and net income of $9.9 million.

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We use several indicators of capital strength. The most commonly used measure is total equity to total assets, which was 24.9% and 26.5% as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Our return on average equity was 8.3% and 12.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and 8.1% and 12.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our return on average assets was 2.1% and 3.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 6.3% and 3.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on our business. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated pursuant to regulatory definitions and requirements. The sufficiency of capital and the Bank’s capital classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about risk weightings and other factors.

Under the prompt corrective action rules, an institution is deemed “well capitalized” if its Tier 1 leverage ratio, Common Equity Tier 1 ratio, Tier 1 Capital ratio, and Total Capital ratio meet or exceed 5%, 6.5%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. On September 17, 2019, the federal banking agencies jointly issued a rule intending to simplify the regulatory capital requirements described above for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the Community Bank Leverage Ratio framework, as required by Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act. The Bank elected to opt into the Community Bank Leverage Ratio framework starting in 2020. Under these capital requirements the Bank must maintain a leverage ratio greater than 9.0% to be considered well-capitalized.

As of September 30, 2024, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (there are no conditions or events since that notification we believe have changed the Bank’s category). See Note 5 - Capital Requirements for additional information regarding our regulatory capital requirements.

Stock Repurchase Program

We have a stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors. The stock repurchase program became effective as of March 6, 2024 and authorizes us to repurchase 641,832 shares of our common stock in the aggregate in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, or any manner that complies with the provisions of Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as well as pursuant to a trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Our decision to repurchase shares will depend on a variety of factors, including but not limited to, the market price and trading volume of our common stock, general market and economic conditions, the ongoing assessment of our capital needs, and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The repurchase program does not obligate us to purchase any particular number of shares and may be limited or terminated at any time without prior notice. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no open-market share repurchases. Since the repurchase program’s inception, we have repurchased and subsequently retired a total of 44,608 shares for $0.5 million at an average price of $10.30 per share. See Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information.

Contractual Obligations

We have contractual obligations to make future payments on debt and lease agreements. While our liquidity monitoring and management consider both present and future demands for and sources of liquidity, the following table of contractual commitments focuses only on future obligations and summarizes our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2024:

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($ in thousands)	Total		Less than One Year		One to Three Years		Three to Five Years		More Than Five Years
Contractual Obligations
Deposits without stated maturity	$	226,389	$	226,389	$	—	$	—	$	—
Time deposits	262,271		34,458		88,994		128,150		10,669
Operating lease obligations	5,824		1,078		2,253		2,390		103
Total	$	494,484	$	261,925	$	91,247	$	130,540	$	10,772

Off-Balance-Sheet Financing Arrangements

In the normal course of business, we enter into certain off-balance sheet arrangements to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit, which involves, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk exceeding the amounts recognized in our consolidated statements of financial condition. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments. With the exception of these off-balance sheet arrangements, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. For details of our commitments to extend credit please See Note 6 - Commitments and Contingencies.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Under the filer category of “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, we are not required to provide information requested by Part I, Item 3 of this Report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings. We are from time to time subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and litigation may include, among other things, allegations of violation of banking and other applicable regulations, competition law, labor laws and consumer protection laws, as well as claims or litigation relating to intellectual property, securities, breach of contract and tort. We intend to defend ourselves vigorously against any pending or future claims and litigation.

In the current opinion of management, the likelihood is remote that the impact of such ordinary course proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, one or more unfavorable outcomes in any claim or litigation against us could have a material adverse effect for the period in which they are resolved. In addition, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, such matters are costly, divert management’s attention and may materially adversely affect our reputation, even if resolved in our favor.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There are a number of factors that may adversely affect our business, financial results or stock price. Refer to Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of these risks. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on March 25, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On March 7, 2024, we announced that the Board had authorized, effective March 6, 2024, a common stock repurchase program to purchase up to 641,832 shares of our common stock in the aggregate. The repurchase program expires on March 31, 2026, but may be limited or terminated at any time without prior notice. The repurchase program authorized the repurchase by us of our common stock in open market transactions, including pursuant to a trading plan in accordance with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or privately negotiated transactions. Repurchases may also be made pursuant to a trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, which would permit shares to be repurchased when we might otherwise be precluded from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or other regulatory restrictions. The Share Repurchase Committee, designated by the Board of Directors, will determine the actual timing, number and value of any shares repurchased in its discretion depending on a variety of factors, including but not limited to, the market price and trading volume of our common stock, general market and economic conditions, the ongoing assessment of our capital needs, and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The repurchase program does not obligate us to purchase any particular number of shares. There were no repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2024. At September 30, 2024, 597,224 shares remain available for repurchase.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None of our directors or officers have adopted , modified, or terminated a Rule 10b5-1(c) trading arrangement or, except as discussed below, a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024. Our directors and officers participate in certain of our benefit plans and may from time to time make elections to surrender shares or have shares withheld to cover withholding taxes or pay the exercise price of options granted thereunder. These elections may be designed to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act or may constitute non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits.


Number						Description

3.1						Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 30, 2021 (File No. 333-257929)).
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 30, 2021 (File No. 333-257929)).
10.1*+						Form of Employee Restricted Stock Agreement under the FinWise Bancorp 2019 Stock Option Plan
10.2*+						Form of Director Restricted Stock Agreement under the FinWise Bancorp 2019 Stock Option Plan
31.1*						Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer.
31.2*						Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer.
32.1**						Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS*						Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*						Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

** The certifications attached hereto are not considered “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), as amended, or otherwise subject to the limitations of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

+ Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	FinWise Bancorp

Date: November 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Kent Landvatter
		Kent Landvatter
		Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Robert Wahlman
		Robert Wahlman
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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Part I Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)Note 1 Business, Basis Of Presentation, and Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Note 2 Investments Note 3 Loans Held For Investment and Allowance For Credit Losses Note 4 Sba Servicing Asset, Net Note 5 Capital Requirements Note 6 Commitments and Contingencies Note 7 Investment in Business Funding Group, Llc Note 8 Stock-based Compensation Note 9 Fair Value Of Financial Instruments Note 10 Income Taxes Note 11 Related Party Transactions Note 12 Earnings Per Share Note 13 Subsequent Events Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

3.1 Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 30, 2021 (File No. 333-257929)). 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 30, 2021 (File No. 333-257929)). 10.1*+ Form ofEmployeeRestricted Stock Agreement under the FinWise Bancorp 2019 Stock Option Plan 10.2*+ Form of Director Restricted Stock Agreement under the FinWise Bancorp 2019 Stock Option Plan 31.1* Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer. 31.2* Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer. 32.1** Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

FINW 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2024

Exhibits