FLC DEF 14A Report ended April 17, 2024
SCHEDULE 14A
PROXY STATEMENT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 14(A) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Filed by Registrant ☒
Filed by Party other than the Registrant
Check the appropriate box:
☐ Preliminary Proxy Statement
☐ Confidential for Use of the Commission Only as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2)
☒ Definitive Proxy Statement
☐ Definitive Additional Materials
☐ Soliciting Material Pursuant to Rule 14a-11c or Rule 14a-12
Flaherty Crumrine Total Return Fund Incorporated
(Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)
Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):
☒ No fee required
☐ Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11
| (1) | Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:___________________________ |
| (2) | Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:___________________________ |
| (3) | Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11. (Set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):_______________________________________________________________________ |
| (4) | Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:________________________________________ |
| (5) | Total fee paid:______________________________________________________________________ |
☐ Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.
☐ Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.
| (1) | Amount previously paid:______________________________________________________________ |
| (2) | Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:_____________________________________________ |
| (3) | Filing Party:________________________________________________________________________ |
| (4) | Date Filed:_________________________________________________________________________ |
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FLAHERTY CRUMRINE PREFERRED AND INCOME FUND INCORPORATED |
(NYSE: PFD) |
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FLAHERTY CRUMRINE PREFERRED AND INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND INCORPORATED |
(NYSE: PFO) |
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FLAHERTY CRUMRINE PREFERRED AND INCOME SECURITIES FUND INCORPORATED |
(NYSE: FFC) |
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FLAHERTY CRUMRINE TOTAL RETURN FUND INCORPORATED |
(NYSE: FLC) |
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FLAHERTY CRUMRINE DYNAMIC PREFERRED AND INCOME FUND INCORPORATED |
(NYSE: DFP) |
301 E. Colorado Boulevard, Suite 800
Pasadena,
California 91101
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
To Be Held on April 17, 2024
To the Shareholders:
Notice is hereby given that the Annual Meetings of Shareholders (the “Annual Meetings”) of Flaherty Crumrine Preferred and Income Fund Incorporated, Flaherty Crumrine Preferred and Income Opportunity Fund Incorporated, Flaherty Crumrine Preferred and Income Securities Fund Incorporated, Flaherty Crumrine Total Return Fund Incorporated and Flaherty Crumrine Dynamic Preferred and Income Fund Incorporated (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”), each a Maryland corporation, will be held on April 17, 2024, at 8:00 a.m. PDT, at the offices of Flaherty Crumrine Incorporated, 301 E. Colorado Boulevard, Suite 800, Pasadena, California 91101, for the following purposes:
Each Fund:
1. To elect Directors of each Fund (Proposal 1).
2. To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meetings or any adjournments or postponements thereof.
Your vote is important!
The Board of Directors of each Fund has fixed the close of business on January 19, 2024 as the record date for the determination of shareholders of each Fund entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meetings and any adjournments or postponements thereof.
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By Order of the Boards of Directors, |
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March 4, 2024 |
Chad Conwell |
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Secretary |
2
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Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meetings to be
The notice of Annual Meetings, Joint Proxy Statement, proxy cards and each Fund’s annual report, including audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023, are available to you on the Funds’ website - www.preferredincome.com or upon request, without charge, by writing to Computershare Inc., P.O. Box 43132, Providence, RI 02940-9434, United States, or by calling 1-866-351-7446 (U.S. toll-free) or 1-201-680-6578 (International). You are encouraged to review all of the information contained in the proxy materials before voting. To obtain directions to attend the Annual Meetings and vote in person, please call 1-626-795-7300. SEPARATE PROXY CARDS ARE ENCLOSED FOR EACH FUND IN WHICH YOU OWN SHARES. YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT REGARDLESS OF THE SIZE OF YOUR HOLDINGS IN THE FUND. WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE RELEVANT ANNUAL MEETING(S), WE ASK THAT YOU PLEASE VOTE PROMPTLY. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PROPER VOTING AND/OR EXECUTION OF PROXIES ARE SET FORTH ON THE INSIDE COVER. SHAREHOLDERS MAY SUBMIT VOTING INSTRUCTIONS BY SIGNING AND DATING THE PROXY CARD OR VOTING INSTRUCTION FORM AND RETURNING IT IN THE ACCOMPANYING POSTAGE-PAID ENVELOPE. |
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR SIGNING PROXY CARDS
The following general rules for signing proxy cards may be of assistance to you and may minimize the time and expense to the Fund(s) involved in validating your vote if you fail to sign your proxy card(s) properly.
1. Individual Accounts: Sign your name exactly as it appears in the registration on the proxy card(s).
2. Joint Accounts: Either party may sign, but the name of the party signing should conform exactly to a name shown in the registration.
3. All Other Accounts: The capacity of the individual signing the proxy card should be indicated unless it is reflected in the form registration. For example:
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Registration |
Valid Signature |
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Corporate Accounts |
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(1) ABC Corp. |
ABC Corp. |
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(2) ABC Corp. |
John Doe, Treasurer |
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(3) ABC Corp. c/o John Doe, Treasurer |
John Doe |
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(4) ABC Corp. Profit Sharing Plan |
John Doe, Trustee |
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Trust Accounts |
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(1) ABC Trust |
Jane B. Doe, Trustee |
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(2) Jane B. Doe, Trustee u/t/d 12/28/78 |
Jane B. Doe |
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Custodian or Estate Accounts |
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(1)
John B. Smith, Cust.,
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John B. Smith |
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(2)
John B. Smith, Executor,
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John B. Smith, Executor |
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ANNUAL MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
This document is a joint proxy statement (“Joint Proxy Statement”) for Flaherty Crumrine Preferred and Income Fund Incorporated (“Preferred and Income Fund” or “PFD”), Flaherty Crumrine Preferred and Income Opportunity Fund Incorporated (“Preferred and Income Opportunity Fund” or “PFO”), Flaherty Crumrine Preferred and Income Securities Fund Incorporated (“Preferred and Income Securities Fund” or “FFC”), Flaherty Crumrine Total Return Fund Incorporated (“Total Return Fund” or “FLC”) and Flaherty Crumrine Dynamic Preferred and Income Fund Incorporated (“Dynamic Preferred Income Fund” or “DFP”) (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”). This Joint Proxy Statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by each Fund’s Board of Directors (each, a “Board” and collectively, the “Boards”) to be voted at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders for each Fund to be held on April 17, 2024, at 8:00 a.m. PDT, at the offices of Flaherty Crumrine Incorporated, 301 E. Colorado Boulevard, Suite 800, Pasadena, California 91101 and at any adjournments or postponements thereof (each, an “Annual Meeting” and collectively, the
“Annual Meetings”).
This Joint Proxy Statement and the accompanying Notice of Annual Meetings and proxy card for each Fund in which you own shares were mailed on or about March 4, 2024 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on January 19, 2024. Proxy solicitations will be made, beginning on or about March 4, 2024, primarily by mail, but proxy solicitations may also be made by telephone, Internet, facsimile, e-mail, or personal interviews conducted by officers of each Fund, Flaherty Crumrine Incorporated (“Flaherty Crumrine”), the investment adviser of each Fund, Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (“Computershare”), the transfer agent of each Fund, and The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY Mellon”), the administrator of each Fund. With respect to FFC, FLC and DFP, proxy solicitations may also be made by Destra Capital Advisors LLC, the servicing agent for FFC, FLC and DFP. No proxy solicitation firm will be used in connection with this Joint
Proxy Statement.
The Funds will evenly split the expenses incurred in connection with the preparation of this Joint Proxy Statement and hosting of the Annual Meetings. Each Fund will pay for its respective expenses incurred in connection with printing and mailing of this Joint Proxy Statement and its enclosures to shareholders. Each Fund also will reimburse brokerage firms and others for their expenses in forwarding solicitation material to the beneficial owners of
its shares.
References to the websites above or herein do not incorporate their content into this Joint
Proxy Statement.
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meetings to be
The notice of Annual Meetings, Joint Proxy Statement, proxy cards and each Fund’s annual report, including audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023, are available to you on the Funds’ website - www.preferredincome.com or upon request, without charge, by writing to Computershare Inc., P.O. Box 43132, Providence, RI 02940-9434, United States, or by calling 1-866-351-7446 (U.S. toll-free) or 1-201-680-6578 (International). Each Fund’s annual report is also available on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) website (www.sec.gov) or, for FFC, FLC and DFP only, by calling Destra Capital Advisors LLC at 1-877-855-3434. You are encouraged to review all of the information contained in the proxy materials
before voting.
To obtain directions to attend the Annual Meetings, and vote in person, please
call 1-626-795-7300.
SEPARATE PROXY CARDS ARE ENCLOSED FOR EACH FUND IN WHICH YOU OWN SHARES. YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT REGARDLESS OF THE SIZE OF YOUR HOLDINGS IN THE FUND. WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE RELEVANT ANNUAL MEETING(S), WE ASK THAT YOU PLEASE VOTE PROMPTLY. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PROPER VOTING AND/OR EXECUTION OF PROXIES ARE SET FORTH ON THE INSIDE COVER. SHAREHOLDERS MAY SUBMIT VOTING INSTRUCTIONS BY SIGNING AND DATING THE PROXY CARD OR VOTING INSTRUCTION FORM AND RETURNING IT IN THE ACCOMPANYING
POSTAGE-PAID ENVELOPE.
If the enclosed proxy card(s) are properly executed and returned in time to be voted at the relevant Annual Meeting(s), the Shares (as defined below) represented thereby will be voted in accordance with the instructions marked thereon. Unless instructions to the contrary are marked thereon, a proxy will be voted “FOR” Proposal 1 at the relevant Annual Meeting. Any shareholder who has given a proxy has the right to revoke it at any time prior to its exercise either by attending the relevant Annual Meeting and voting his or her Shares in person or by submitting a letter of revocation or a later-dated proxy card to the appropriate Fund at 301 E. Colorado Boulevard, Suite 800, Pasadena, California 91101 prior to the date of the
Annual Meetings.
April 17, 2024
JOINT PROXY STATEMENT
Held on April
17, 2024
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Under the bylaws of each Fund, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business (a “Quorum”) at that Fund’s Annual Meeting. In the event that a Quorum is not present at the relevant Annual Meeting, or in the event that a Quorum is present but sufficient votes to approve any of the proposals are not received, the Chair of the Annual Meeting may adjourn the meeting without assigning a specific date or from time to time to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date without notice other than announcement at the Annual Meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a Quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the relevant Annual Meeting as originally notified. A shareholder vote may be taken on a proposal in the Joint Proxy Statement relating to the applicable Annual Meeting prior to any such adjournment if sufficient votes have been received for approval of that proposal. Once a Quorum has been established at the relevant Annual Meeting, shareholders may continue to transact business, notwithstanding the withdrawal of shareholders and the loss of a Quorum.
Each Fund has one class of capital stock outstanding: common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock” or the “Shares”). Each Share is entitled to one vote at the relevant Annual Meeting with respect to matters to be voted on, with pro rata voting rights for any fractional Shares. On the record date, January 19, 2024, the following number of Shares of each Fund were issued and outstanding:
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Name of Fund |
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Shares Outstanding |
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Flaherty Crumrine Preferred and Income Fund Incorporated (PFD) |
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12,852,556 |
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Flaherty Crumrine Preferred and Income Opportunity Fund Incorporated (PFO) |
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13,077,326 |
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Flaherty Crumrine Preferred and Income Securities Fund Incorporated (FFC) |
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48,177,896 |
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Flaherty Crumrine Total Return Fund Incorporated (FLC) |
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10,456,821 |
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Flaherty Crumrine Dynamic Preferred and Income Fund Incorporated (DFP) |
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20,538,137 |
To the knowledge of each Fund and its Board, the following shareholder(s), or “group” as that term is defined in Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), is the beneficial owner or owner of record of more than 5% of the relevant Fund’s outstanding Shares as of January 19, 2024*:
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Name and Address of
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Title of Class |
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Amount and Nature of Ownership |
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Percent of Class |
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Cede Co.** Depository Trust Company 55 Water Street, 25th Floor New York, NY 10041 |
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Common Stock |
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PFD – (record) PFO – (record) FFC – (record) FLC – (record) DFP – (record) |
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98.75% 98.17% 99.88% 99.90% 99.96% |
* As of January 19, 2024, the Directors and officers, as a group, owned less than 1% of the Shares of each Fund.
** A nominee partnership of The Depository Trust Company.
This Joint Proxy Statement is being used to reduce the preparation, printing, handling and postage expenses that would result from the use of a separate proxy statement for each Fund. At each Fund’s Annual Meeting, shareholders of the Fund will vote as a single class. Shareholders of each Fund will vote separately for each of PFD, PFO, FFC, FLC and DFP on the proposal(s) on which shareholders of that Fund are entitled to vote at the relevant Annual Meeting. A separate proxy card is enclosed for each Fund in which a shareholder owns Shares. Thus, if the proposal(s) at the relevant Annual Meeting is approved by shareholders of one or more Funds and not approved by shareholders of one or more other Funds, the proposal(s) will be implemented for the Fund or Funds that approved the proposal(s) and will not be implemented for any Fund that did not approve the proposal(s). It is therefore essential that shareholders complete, date and sign each enclosed proxy card. Shareholders of each Fund are entitled to vote on the proposal(s) pertaining to that Fund.
PROPOSAL 1: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
At the Annual Meetings, shareholders are being asked to consider the election of Directors of each Fund. The Board of each Fund is divided into three classes, each class having a term of three years. Each year the term of office of one class expires and the successor or successors elected to such class serve for a term of three years and until their successors are duly elected and qualify.
Nominees for the Boards of Directors
Each Nominee named below is currently a Director of each Fund and has consented to serve as a Director for the Fund(s) for which he/she is nominated if elected at the relevant Annual Meeting. If a designated Nominee declines or otherwise becomes unavailable for election, however, the proxy confers discretionary power on the persons named therein to vote in favor of a substitute nominee or
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nominees. Each Nominee has been nominated for a term of three years to expire at each Fund’s 2027 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and until his/her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Shareholders of each Fund’s Common Stock are entitled to elect the Nominees for election to the Board of the releva nt Fund.
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Fund |
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Nominees for Election |
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PFD |
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Karen H. Hogan and Nicholas Dalmaso |
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PFO |
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David Gale and Nicholas Dalmaso |
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FFC |
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Nicholas Dalmaso |
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FLC |
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Nicholas Dalmaso |
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DFP |
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David Gale and Nicholas Dalmaso |
Information About the Experience, Qualifications, Attributes and Skills of Each Director or Nominee
Directors or Nominees for election as Directors of the Funds, together with information as to their positions with the Funds, principal occupations, and other board memberships for the past five years, are shown below.
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Name, Address,
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Current
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Term of Office
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Principal
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Number of Funds
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Other
NON-INTERESTED DIRECTORS:
David Gale
Lead Independent Director
Class I Director
PFO – since 1997
FFC – since inception
FLC – since inception
Class II Director
DFP – since inception
President of Delta Dividend Group, Inc. (investments).
5
None
Nicholas Dalmaso***
Director and Nominating and Governance Committee Chair
Class II Director
FLC – since 2024
Class III Director
PFD – since 2024
PFO – since 2024
DFP – since 2024
General Counsel of EquityBee, Inc.; Founder and CEO of Sound Capital Holdings LLC, Sound Capital Distributors LLC (a registered broker/dealer) and Sound Capital Solutions LLC (a registered investment advisor); Founder and General Counsel of M1 Finance, Inc.
5
Independent Chair of the Destra Capital Investment Company Boards (4 funds); Independent Chair of the Milliman Variable Insurance Trust Boards (2 funds)
Karen H. Hogan
Pasadena, CA 91101
Director and
Class I Director†
DFP – since 2016
Class II Director†
PFD – since 2016
PFO – since 2016
Class III Director†
FFC – since 2016
FLC – since 2016
Board Member, IKAR, a non-profit organization; Active Committee Member and Volunteer to several non-profit organizations.
5
None
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Name, Address,
Current
Term of Office
Principal
Number of Funds
Other
INTERESTED DIRECTOR AND OFFICER:
R. Eric Chadwick
(1)
301 E. Colorado Boulevard
Suite 800
Pasadena, CA 91101
Age: 48
Director, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President
Class II Director
PFO – since 2016
Class III Director
PFD – since 2016
FFC – since 2016
FLC – since 2016
DFP – since 2016
Portfolio Manager and President of Flaherty Crumrine.
5
None
*
The Class II Directors of PFO and the Class III Directors of PFD, FFC, FLC and DFP will serve until each Fund’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualify. The Class I Director of PFD, FFC, FLC and DFP and the Class III Director of PFO will serve until each Fund’s 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualify. The Class II Nominee of PFD, FFC, FLC and DFP and the Class I Nominee of PFO, if elected, will serve until each Fund’s 2027 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and until their successors are duly elected
and qualify.
**
The Flaherty Crumrine fund complex (the “Fund Complex”) consists solely of
the Funds.
***
Mr. Dalmaso was appointed as a Director of the Funds effective as of the close of business on January
19, 2024.
†
Ms. Hogan served as a Class I Director of PFD from 2005 – 2016, a Class II Director of each of FFC and FLC from 2005 – 2016, a Class II Director of DFP since inception – 2016 and a Class III Director of PFO from 2005
– 2016.
(1)
“Interested person” of the Funds as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Mr. Chadwick is considered an “interested person” because of his affiliation with Flaherty
Crumrine.
No Non-Interested Director of the Funds or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities in Flaherty Crumrine, or a person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with Flaherty
Crumrine.
Each Director, other than Mr. Chadwick and Mr. Dalmaso, has been a Director of the Funds for at least 17 years (or since the Fund’s inception, in the case of DFP). Additional information about each Director follows (supplementing the information provided in the table above) that describes some of the specific experiences, qualifications, attributes or skills that each Director possesses which the Boards believe have prepared them to be effective Directors. The Boards believe that Directors should have the ability to critically review, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, and interact effectively with Fund management, service providers and counsel. The Boards believe that their members satisfy this standard. Experience relevant to having this ability may be achieved through a Director’s educational background; business, professional training or practice (e.g., accounting or law); public service or academic positions; experience from service as a board member (including the Boards of the Funds) or as an executive of investment funds, public companies or significant private or not-for-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. The charter for the Boards’ Nominating and Governance Committees (each a “Nominating Committee” and collectively, the “Nominating Committees”) contains certain other factors considered by the Nominating Committees in identifying and evaluating potential Director nominees. To assist them in evaluating matters under federal and state law, the Independent Directors (defined below) are counseled by their own independent legal counsel, who participates in Board meetings and interacts with Flaherty Crumrine, and may also benefit from information provided by the Funds’ and Flaherty Crumrine’s counsel. Both counsel to the Independent Directors and counsel to the Funds and Flaherty Crumrine have significant experience advising funds and fund directors. The Boards and their committees have the ability to engage other experts as appropriate. The Boards evaluate their performance on an
annual basis.
R. Eric Chadwick
– Mr. Chadwick was appointed as a Director and Chair of the Board of each Fund in January 2016. Mr. Chadwick has been the President of each Fund since April 2015 and, previously, the Chief Financial Officer from 2004 (or in the case of DFP, from its inception) until April 2015. Mr. Chadwick is also the President of Flaherty Crumrine and has served as a portfolio manager of PFD and PFO since 1999 and as portfolio manager of each of FFC, FLC and DFP since each
Fund’s inception.
David Gale
– In addition to his tenure as a Director of the Funds, Mr. Gale has been President and Chief Executive Officer of Delta Dividend Group, Inc., a San Francisco-based investment management firm, since 1992. Prior to joining Delta Dividend Group, Inc., Mr. Gale was a Principal with Morgan Stanley from 1983 to 1990, and a Managing Director of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. from 1990 to 1992. Mr. Gale previously served as a director of Emmis Communications. Mr. Gale was designated the Lead Independent Director of each Fund in
January 2024.
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Nicholas Dalmaso
– In addition to his tenure as a Director of the Funds, Mr. Dalmaso serves as an Independent Chair of the Destra Capital Investment Company Boards and an Independent Chair of the Milliman Variable Trust Boards. Mr. Dalmaso has been the Founder and CEO of Sound Capital Holdings LLC, Sound Capital Distributors LLC and Sound Capital Solutions LLC since 2021. Mr. Dalmaso previously served as an independent director of Keno Kozie Associates, General Counsel of EquityBee, Inc. from 2022 to 2023, and Founder and General Counsel of M1 Finance, Inc. from 2014 to 2021. He also serves as the Chair of the Nominating Committee of each
Fund’s Board.
Karen H. Hogan
– In addition to her tenure as a Director of the Funds, Ms. Hogan currently serves on the Board of IKAR, a non-profit organization, and was formerly Chair of the Board of IKAR. She serves on the Board of her local chapter of Young Men’s Service League, is on the capital campaign committee of her local library, and is a member of the Board and/or an active committee member of several additional non-profit organizations in her community. From 1985 to 1997, Ms. Hogan served as Senior Vice President of Preferred Stock Origination, and previously Vice President of New Product Development, at Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. Ms. Hogan also served as a director, member and chair of the audit committee of New World Coffee, Inc. Ms. Hogan currently serves as Chair of the Audit Committee of each
Fund’s Board.
Board Composition and Leadership Structure
The 1940 Act requires that at least 40% of the Funds’ Directors not be “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds, and therefore not affiliated with Flaherty Crumrine (the “Independent Directors”). To rely on certain exemptive rules under the 1940 Act, a majority of the Funds’ Directors must be Independent Directors and, for certain important matters, such as the approval of investment advisory agreements or transactions with affiliates, the 1940 Act or the rules thereunder require the approval of a majority of the Independent Directors. Currently, three of the Funds’ four Directors are Independent Directors. The Chair of the Boards is an interested person of each Fund. The three Independent Directors interact directly with the Chair and other senior management of Flaherty Crumrine at scheduled meetings and between meetings as appropriate. Independent Directors have been designated to chair the Audit Committees and the Nominating Committees. The Board of each Fund has appointed David Gale as the Lead Independent Director. The Boards have determined that their leadership structures and composition, in which the Chair of the Boards is an “interested person” of the Funds, the Funds have a Lead Independent Director and 75% of the Directors are Independent Directors, are appropriate in light of the services that Flaherty Crumrine provides to
the Funds.
Board
s’ Oversight Role in Management
The Boards’ role in management of the Funds is oversight. As is the case with virtually all investment companies (as distinguished from operating companies), service providers to the Funds, primarily Flaherty Crumrine, have responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Funds, which includes responsibility for risk management (including management of investment performance and investment risk, valuation risk, issuer and counterparty credit risk, compliance risk and operational risk). As part of their oversight, the Boards, acting at their scheduled meetings, or the Chair, acting between Board meetings, regularly interacts with, and receives reports from, senior personnel of service providers, including the Funds’ and Flaherty Crumrine’s Chief Compliance Officer and portfolio management personnel. The Boards’ Audit Committees (which consist of all the Independent Directors) meet during their scheduled meetings, and between meetings the Chair of the Audit Committees maintains contact, with the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm and the Funds’ Chief Financial Officer. The Boards also receive periodic presentations from senior personnel of Fla
herty Cru
mrine regarding risk management generally, as well as periodic presentations regarding specific operational, compliance or investment areas, such as business continuity, personal trading, valuation and credit. The Boards have adopted policies and procedures designed to address certain risks to the Funds. In addition, Flaherty Crumrine and other service providers to the Funds have adopted a variety of policies, procedures and controls designed to address particular risks to the Funds. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. However, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Funds. The Boards also receive reports from counsel to the Funds and Flaherty Crumrine and the Independent Directors’ own independent legal counsel regarding regulatory, compliance and governance matters. The Boards’ oversight role does not make the Boards guarantors of the Funds’ investments
or activities.
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Beneficial Ownership of Shares in the Funds and Fund Complex for each Director and Nominee for Election as Director
Set forth in the table below is the dollar range of equity securities in each Fund and the aggregate dollar range of equity securities in the Flaherty Crumrine Fund Complex beneficially owned by each Director and Nominee for election
as Director.
Name of Director or Nominee
Dollar Range of Equity
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
NON-INTERESTED DIRECTORS/NOMINEES:
PFD
PFO
FFC
FLC
DFP
TOTAL
David Gale
D
D
D
D
C
E
Nicholas Dalmaso**
A
A
A
A
A
A
Karen H. Hogan
C
C
C
C
C
D
INTERESTED DIRECTOR:
R. Eric Chadwick
C
D
E
C
E
E
*
Key to
Dollar Ranges
A.
None
B.
$1
- $10,000
C.
$10,001
- $50,000
D.
$50,001
- $100,000
E.
over $100,000
**
Mr. Dalmaso was appointed as a Director of the Funds effective as of the close of business on January
19, 2024.
All Shares were valued as of December
31, 2023.
(1)
This information has been furnished by each Director/Nominee as of December 31, 2023. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 1
6a-1(a)(2)
under the
1934 Act.
(2)
As of December 31, 2023, the Directors, Nominees and executive officers of each Fund, as a group, owned less than 1% of the Shares of
each Fund.
Officers of the Funds
The following table provides information concerning each of the
Fund’s officers.
Name, Address,
Current Position(s)
Term of Office and
Principal
Chad Conwell
301 E. Colorado
Boulevard
Suite 800
Pasadena, CA 91101
Age: 51
Chief Compliance Officer, Vice President and Secretary
PFD – since 2005
PFO – since 2005
FFC – since 2005
FLC – since 2005
DFP – since inception
Executive Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Legal Officer of Flaherty Crumrine.
Bradford S. Stone
47 Maple Street
Suite 403
Summit, NJ 07901
Age: 64
Chief Financial Officer, Vice President and Treasurer
PFD – since 2003
PFO – since 2003
FFC – since 2003
FLC – since inception
DFP – since inception
Portfolio Manager, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Flaherty Crumrine.
Roger Ko
301 E. Colorado
Boulevard
Suite 800
Pasadena, CA 91101
Age: 49
Assistant Treasurer
PFD – since 2014
PFO – since 2014
FFC – since 2014
FLC – since 2014
DFP – since 2014
Vice President and Trader of Flaherty Crumrine.
*
Each officer serves until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until his earlier resignation
or removal.
10
Audit Committee
The role of each Fund’s Audit Committee is to assist the Board of Directors in its oversight of: (i) the integrity of the Fund’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (ii) the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, and its internal control over financial reporting; (iii) the Fund’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; and (iv) the independent auditor’s qualifications, independence and performance. Each Fund’s Audit Committee is also required to prepare an audit committee report pursuant to applicable laws and regulations for inclusion in the Fund’s annual proxy statement. Each Audit Committee operates pursuant to a charter (the “Audit Committee Charter” or “Charter”) that was most recently reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of each Fund on January 19, 2024, and which is available at www.preferredincome.com. As set forth in the Charter, Fund management is responsible for the (i) preparation, presentation and integrity of each Fund’s financial statements, (ii) maintenance of appropriate accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and (iii) maintenance of internal controls and procedures designed to assure compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations. The Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP (the “independent accountants” or “KPMG”), is responsible for planning and carrying out proper audits and reviews of each Fund’s financial statements and expressing an opinion as to their conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America.
Audit Committee Report
In performing its oversight function, at a meeting held on January 19, 2024, the Audit Committee of each Fund reviewed and discussed with Fund management and the independent accountants, the audited financial statements of the Fund as of and for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023, and discussed the audit of such financial statements with the
independent accountants.
In addition, the Audit Committee of each Fund discussed with the independent accountants the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and the SEC. Each Audit Committee also received from the independent accountants the written disclosures and statements required by PCAOB Rule 3526,
Communication with Audit Committees Concerning Independence
, as currently in effect and discussed the impact that any such relationships might have on the objectivity and independence of the
independent accountants.
As set forth above, and as more fully set forth in each Fund’s Audit Committee Charter, each Audit Committee has significant duties and powers in its oversight role with respect to the Fund’s financial reporting procedures, internal control systems, and the independent
audit process.
The members of each Audit Committee are not, and do not represent themselves to be, professionally engaged in the practice of auditing or accounting and are not employed by the Fund for accounting, financial management or internal control. Moreover, each Audit Committee relies on, and makes no independent verification of, the facts presented to it or representations made by Fund management or the independent accountants. Accordingly, each Audit Committee’s oversight does not provide an independent basis to determine that Fund management has maintained appropriate accounting and financial reporting principles and policies, or internal controls and procedures, designed to assure compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations. Furthermore, each Audit Committee’s considerations and discussions referred to above do not provide assurance that the audit of each Fund’s financial statements has been carried out in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards or that the financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles.
Based on its consideration of the audited financial statements and the discussions referred to above with Fund management and the independent accountants, and subject to the limitations on the responsibilities and role of the Audit Committee set forth in the Charter and those discussed above, the Audit Committee of each Fund recommended to that Fund’s Board that the audited financial statements be included in the Fund’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended November
30, 2023.
This report was submitted by
the Audit Committee of each Fund’s Board of Directors
David Gale
Morgan Gust
*
Karen H.
Hogan (Chair)
January
19, 2024
*
Mr. Gust retired from the Board effective as of the close of business on January
19, 2024.
Each Audit Committee was established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the 1934 Act. Each Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023. Each Audit Committee is composed entirely of each Fund’s Independent Directors who are also “independent” (as such term is defined by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the listing standards applicable to closed-end funds, as may be modified or supplemented (the “NYSE Listing Standards”)). As of the date of this Joint Proxy Statement, the current members of the Audit Committee are Ms. Hogan and Messrs. Dalmaso
and Gale.
11
Nominating Committee
Each Board of Directors has a Nominating Committee composed entirely of each Fund’s Independent Directors who are also “independent” (as such term is defined by the NYSE Listing Standards), The Nominating Committee of each Fund met two times during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023. As of the date of this Joint Proxy Statement, the current members of the Nominating Committee are Ms. Hogan and Messrs. Dalmaso
and Gale.
The Nominating Committee of each Fund is responsible for identifying individuals believed to be qualified to become Board members; for recommending to the Board such nominees to stand for election as Directors at each Fund’s annual meeting of shareholders and to fill any vacancies on the Board; and for overseeing the Board’s governance practices. Each Fund’s Nominating Committee has a charter which is available on its
website, www.preferredincome.com.
Each Fund’s Nominating Committee believes that it is in the best interest of each Fund and its shareholders to obtain highly qualified candidates to serve as members of the Board. The Nominating Committees have not established a formal process for identifying candidates where a vacancy exists on the Boards. In nominating candidates, each Nominating Committee shall take into consideration such factors as it deems appropriate, including educational background; business, professional training or practice (e.g., accounting or law); public service or academic positions; experience from service as a board member (including the Boards of the Funds) or as an executive of investment funds, public companies or significant private or not-for-profit entities or other organizations; and other life experiences. Each Fund’s Nominating Committee may consider whether a potential nominee’s professional experience, education, skills and other individual qualities and attributes, including gender, race or national origin, would provide beneficial diversity of skills, experience or perspective to the Board’s membership and collective attributes. Each Fund’s Nominating Committee will consider Director candidates recommended by shareholders and submitted in accordance with applicable law and procedures as described in this Joint Proxy Statement. (See “Submission of Shareholder Proposals – 2025 Annual
Meetings” below).
Other Board-Related Matters
Shareholders who wish to send communications to the Board should send them to the address of their Fund(s), 301 E. Colorado Boulevard, Suite 800, Pasadena, California 91101, and to the attention of the Board. All such communications will be directed to the
Board’s attention.
The Funds do not have a formal policy regarding Board member attendance at the Annual Meetings. However, all the Directors of each Fund attended the April 19, 2023 Annual Meetings
of Shareholders.
Board Compensation
Each Director of each Fund who is not a director, officer or employee of Flaherty Crumrine or any of its affiliates receives from each Fund a fee of $9,000 per annum plus $750 for each in person Board or Audit Committee meeting attended, $500 for each in person Nominating Committee meeting attended, and $250 for each telephone meeting attended. In addition, the Audit Committee Chair receives from each Fund an annual fee of $3,000. Each Director of each Fund is reimbursed for travel and out-of-pocket expenses associated with attending Board and committee meetings. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023, the Board of Directors for each of PFD, PFO, FFC, FLC and DFP held six meetings (four of which were telephonic meetings). Each Director of each Fund attended 100% of the Board meetings and 100% of any committee meetings of which he or she is a member. The aggregate remuneration paid to the Directors of each Fund for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 is set
forth below:
Annual Directors Fees
Board Meeting and Committee Meeting Fees
Travel and Out-of-Pocket Expenses*
PFD
$27,000
$25,500
$1,729.80
PFO
$27,000
$25,500
$1,729.80
FFC
$27,000
$25,500
$1,729.80
FLC
$27,000
$25,500
$1,729.80
DFP
$27,000
$25,500
$1,729.80
*
Includes reimbursement for travel and out-of-pocket expenses for both “interested” and
Independent Directors.
12
The table below sets forth additional information regarding the compensation of each Fund’s Directors for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023. No executive officer or person affiliated with a Fund received compensation from a Fund during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 in excess of $60,000. Directors and executive officers of the Funds do not receive pension or retirement benefits from
the Funds.
COMPENSATION TABLE
Name of Person and Position
Aggregate Compensation from each Fund
Total Compensation from the Funds and Fund Complex Paid to Directors*
R. Eric Chadwick
Director, Chair of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President
$0
$0 (5)
Morgan Gust**
Lead Independent Director, Nominating Committee Chair
$16,500 – PFD
$16,500 – PFO
$16,500 – FFC
$16,500 – FLC
$16,500 – DFP
$82,500 (5)
Nicholas Dalmaso***
Director, Nominating Committee Chair
$0 – PFD
$0 – PFO
$0 – FFC
$0 – FLC
$0 – DFP
$0 (5)
David Gale
Lead Independent Director
$16,500 – PFD
$16,500 – PFO
$16,500 – FFC
$16,500 – FLC
$16,500 – DFP
$82,500 (5)
Karen H. Hogan
Director, Audit Committee Chair
$19,500 – PFD
$19,500 – PFO
$19,500 – FFC
$19,500 – FLC
$19,500 – DFP
$97,500 (5)
*
Represents the total compensation paid for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 to such persons by the Funds, which are considered part of the same “fund complex” because they have a common adviser. The parenthetical number represents the total number of investment company directorships held by the Director or Nominee in the Fund Complex as of November
30, 2023.
**
Mr. Gust retired from the Board effective January
19, 2024.
***
Mr. Dalmaso was appointed as a Director of the Funds effective as of the close of business on January
19, 2024.
Required Vote
The election of Ms. Hogan and Mr. Dalmaso as Directors of PFD, the election of Messrs. Gale and Dalmaso as Directors of PFO and DFP and the election of Mr. Dalmaso as Director of FFC and FLC will require the affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes cast by holders of the Shares of each such Fund at the relevant Annual Meeting in person or by proxy. A “plurality” vote means the candidate who receives the largest number of votes cast (even if they receive less than a majority) will be elected as a Director. Since the candidate for election as a Director in Proposal 1 for each Fund is running unopposed, the candidate only needs one vote to be elected if there is a Quorum present at the relevant Annual Meeting. Because abstentions and broker non-votes are not treated as Shares voted, any abstentions and broker non-votes would have no impact on
the election.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
KPMG, Two Financial Center, 60 South Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, has been selected to serve as each Fund’s independent accountants for each Fund’s fiscal year ending November 30, 2024. KPMG acted as the independent accountants for each Fund for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023. The Funds know of no direct financial or material indirect financial interest of KPMG in the Funds. A representative of KPMG will not be present at the Annual Meetings, but will be available by telephone to respond to appropriate questions and will have an opportunity to make
a statement.
13
Set forth in the table below are audit fees and non-audit related fees billed to each Fund by KPMG for professional services for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2022 and November 30,
2023, respectively.
Fund
Fiscal Year Ended
Audit Fees
Audit-Related Fees
Tax Fees*
All Other Fees
PFD
2022
$
55,500
$0
$
10,033
$0
2023
$
55,500
$0
$
10,350
$0
PFO
2022
$
55,500
$0
$
10,033
$0
2023
$
55,500
$0
$
10,350
$0
FFC
2022
$
55,500
$0
$
10,033
$0
2023
$
55,500
$0
$
10,350
$0
FLC
2022
$
55,500
$0
$
10,033
$0
2023
$
55,500
$0
$
10,350
$0
DFP
2022
$
55,500
$0
$
10,033
$0
2023
$
55,500
$0
$
10,350
$0
*
“Tax Fees” are those fees billed to each Fund by KPMG in connection with tax consulting services, including primarily the review of each Fund’s income
tax returns.
Each Fund’s Audit Committee Charter requires that the Audit Committee pre-approve all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent accountants to the Fund, and all non-audit services to be provided by the independent accountants to th
e Fund’s investment adviser and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Fund’s investment adviser (“affiliates”) that provides on-going services to each Fund, if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of each Fund, or to establish detailed pre-approval policies and procedures for such services in accordance with applicable laws. All of the audit and non-audit services described above for which KPMG billed each Fund fees for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2022 and November 30, 2023, respectively, were pre-approved by the Audit Committee,
as applicable.
For each Fund’s fiscal years ended November 30, 2022 and November 30, 2023, respectively, KPMG did not provide any non-audit services (or bill any fees for such services) to the Funds’ investment adviser or
any affiliates.
The Board unanimously recommends that shareholders vote FOR the election of the nominees.
OTHER MATTERS TO COME BEFORE THE ANNUAL MEETINGS
Each Fund does not intend to present any other business at the relevant Annual Meeting, nor is any Fund aware that any shareholder intends to do so. If, however, any other matters are properly brought before the Annual Meetings, the persons named in the accompanying form of proxy will vote thereon in accordance with
their judgment.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Investment Adviser, Administrator and Servicing Agent
Flaherty Crumrine serves as the investment adviser to each Fund, and its business address is 301 E. Colorado Boulevard, Suite 800, Pasadena, California 91101. BNY Mellon acts as the administrator to each Fund and is located at 118 Flanders Road, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581. Destra Capital Advisors LLC acts as the servicing agent to FFC, FLC and DFP and is located at 443 N. Willson Ave., Bozeman,
Montana 59715.
Submission of Shareholder Proposals - 2025 Annual Meetings
A stockholder proposal intended to be presented at a future meeting of shareholders of a Fund must be received at the office of such Fund at the address set forth on the first page of this Joint Proxy Statement, in accordance with the timing requirements set forth below. Timely submission of a proposal does not guarantee that such proposal will be included in a
proxy statement.
All proposals by shareholders of each Fund that are intended to be presented at each Fund’s next Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held in 2025 pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the 1934 Act, must be received by the relevant Fund for consideration for inclusion in the relevant Fund’s proxy statement relating to the meeting no later than November 4, 2024, and must satisfy the requirements of federal
securities laws.
14
Shareholders who do not wish to submit a proposal for inclusion in the Funds’ proxy statement and form of proxy for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the 1934 Act may submit a proposal for consideration at the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders in accordance with the bylaws of each Fund. Each Fund’s bylaws require that advance notice be given to the Fund in the event a shareholder desires to nominate individuals for election to the Board of Directors or propose other business to be considered by the shareholders at an annual meeting. Notice of any such business or nomination for consideration at the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders must be delivered to the Secretary of the Fund at the address set forth on the first page of this Joint Proxy Statement, comply with the requirements of the Fund’s bylaws, and assuming that the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders is held within 30 days of April 17, 2025 (the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting), must be received by the Fund no earlier than the 150th day nor later than 2:00 p.m., PDT, on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders (March 4, 2025).
Each Fund’s bylaws require shareholders wishing to nominate Directors or make proposals to be voted on at the Fund’s annual meeting to provide timely advance notice of the proposal in writing. To be considered timely, any such advance notice must be in writing delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Fund at the address set forth on the first page of this Joint Proxy Statement not earlier than the 150th day nor later than 2:00 p.m., PDT, on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement for the preceding year’s
annual meeting.
However, in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced by more than 30 days (held earlier than March 18, 2025) or delayed by more than 30 days (held later than May 17, 2025) from the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the 150th day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than 2:00 p.m., PDT, on the later of the 120th day prior to the date of such annual meeting, as originally convened, or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is
first made.
Any such notice by a shareholder shall set forth the information required by the Fund’s bylaws with respect to each matter the shareholder proposes to bring before the
annual meeting.
“Householding”
Please note that only one annual or semi-annual report or Joint Proxy Statement may be delivered to two or more shareholders of a Fund who share an address, unless the Fund has received instructions to the contrary. To request a separate copy of an annual report or semi-annual report or this Joint Proxy Statement, or for instructions regarding how to request a separate copy of these documents or regarding how to request a single copy if multiple copies of these documents are received, shareholders should contact Computershare, P.O. Box 43132, Providence, RI 02940-9434, United States, or by calling 1-866-351-7446 (U.S. toll-free) or
1-201-680-6578 (International).
Voting Results
Each Fund will advise its shareholders of the voting results of the matters voted upon at its Annual Meeting in its next Semi-Annual Report
to shareholders.
Broker Non-Votes and Abstentions
A proxy which is properly executed and returned accompanied by instructions to withhold authority to vote represents a broker “non-vote” (i.e., Shares held by brokers or nominees as to which (i) instructions have not been received from the beneficial owners or the persons entitled to vote and (ii) the broker or nominee does not have discretionary voting power on a particular matter). Proxies that withhold authority or broker non-votes (collectively, “abstentions”) will be counted as Shares that are present and entitled to vote at the relevant Annual Meeting for purposes of determining the presence of
a Quorum.
With respect to Proposal 1 for the Annual Meetings, abstentions do not constitute a vote “for” the Nominees
for Directors.
NOTICE TO BANKS, BROKER/DEALERS AND VOTING TRUSTEES AND THEIR NOMINEES
Please advise the Funds whether other persons are the beneficial owners of Shares for which proxies are being solicited from you, and, if so, the number of copies of the Joint Proxy Statement and other soliciting material you wish to receive to supply copies to the beneficial owners
of Shares.
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT PROXIES BE RETURNED PROMPTLY. SHAREHOLDERS WHO DO NOT EXPECT TO ATTEND THE RELEVANT ANNUAL MEETING(S) ARE THEREFORE URGED TO COMPLETE, SIGN, DATE AND RETURN ANY PROXY CARD OR VOTING INSTRUCTION FORM AS SOON AS POSSIBLE IN THE ENCLOSED
POSTAGE-PAID ENVELOPE.
EVERY
VOTE IS IMPORTANT
VOTE
BY MAIL
VOTE
IN PERSON
Please fold along the perforation, detach and return the bottom portion in the enclosed envelope.
PROXY
ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
TO BE HELD ON APRIL 17, 2024
THIS
PROXY IS BEING SOLICITED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
. The undersigned holder of shares of Common Stock of Flaherty Crumrine
Total Return Fund Incorporated, a Maryland corporation (the Fund), hereby appoints R. Eric Chadwick, Bradford S.
Stone and Chad Conwell, proxies for the undersigned, each with full powers of substitution and revocation, to represent the undersigned
and to vote on behalf of the undersigned all shares of Common Stock which the undersigned is entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting
of Shareholders of the Fund to be held in person at the offices of Flaherty Crumrine Incorporated, 301 East Colorado Boulevard,
Suite 800, Pasadena, California 91101 at 8:00 a.m. PDT, on April 17, 2024, and any adjournments or postponements thereof (the
Meeting).
The
undersigned hereby acknowledges receipt of the Notice of Annual Meetings of Shareholders and Joint Proxy Statement and hereby
instructs said proxies to vote said shares as indicated hereon. If no specification is made for the Proposal, the proxy will be
voted FOR the Proposal. In their discretion, the proxies are authorized to vote upon such other business as may
properly come before the Meeting. A majority of the proxies present and acting at the Meeting in person or by substitute (or,
if only one shall be so present, then that one) shall have and may exercise all of the power and authority of said proxies hereunder.
The undersigned hereby revokes any proxy previously given.
FLC_33724_020624
PLEASE SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THE PROXY PROMPTLY USING THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE.
EVERY SHAREHOLDERS VOTE IS IMPORTANT
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the
The Notice of Annual Meetings of Shareholders, Joint Proxy Statement and Proxy Card are available at:
www.preferredincome.com
Please fold along the perforation, detach and return the bottom portion in the enclosed envelope.
TO VOTE MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS SHOWN IN THIS EXAMPLE: ☒
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