FVCB 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2025 | Alphaminr
ALPHAMINR

FVCB 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025

Balance Sheet
Cash Flow
Income Statement
FVCBANKCORP, INC.
fvcb-20250930
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025
or
☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _________

Commission File Number: 001-38647

FVCBankcorp, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Virginia 47-5020283
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
11325 Random Hills Road
Suite 240
Fairfax, Virginia 22030
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
( 703 ) 436-3800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol(s) Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value FVCB The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer x
Smaller reporting company x
Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

18,074,814 s hares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstandin g as of November 7, 2025.



FVCBankcorp, Inc.
INDEX TO FORM 10-Q
4
4
63

3
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
FVCBankcorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Condition
September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 1
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 14,917 $ 8,161
Interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions 214,007 82,789
Securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $ 262 thousand and $ 256 thousand at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively), net of allowance for credit losses of $ 0 and $ 0 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively
265 265
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value 156,900 156,475
Restricted stock, at cost 7,774 8,186
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 17.9 million and $ 18.1 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively
1,840,479 1,852,106
Premises and equipment, net 723 858
Accrued interest receivable 9,969 10,315
Prepaid expenses 4,083 3,413
Deferred tax assets, net 12,539 13,273
Goodwill and intangibles, net 7,322 7,420
Bank owned life insurance 9,434 9,219
Operating lease right-of-use assets 6,425 7,124
Other assets 34,215 39,346
Total assets $ 2,319,052 $ 2,198,950
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities
Deposits:
Nonnterest-bearing $ 374,414 $ 365,666
Interest-bearing checking 803,291 623,811
Savings and money market 291,391 383,087
Time deposits 273,837 248,154
Wholesale deposits 234,949 249,887
Total deposits $ 1,977,882 $ 1,870,605
Other borrowed funds $ 50,000 $ 50,000
Subordinated notes, net of issuance costs 18,737 18,695
Accrued interest payable 2,699 2,505
Operating lease liabilities 6,877 7,638
Reserves for unfunded commitments 502 510
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 12,551 13,643
Total liabilities $ 2,069,248 $ 1,963,596
Shareholders' Equity 2025 2024
Preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value
Shares authorized 1,000,000 1,000,000
Shares issued and outstanding — — $ — $ —
Common stock, $ 0.01 par value
Shares authorized 20,000,000 20,000,000
Shares issued and outstanding 18,074,327 18,204,455 181 182
Additional paid-in capital 123,960 127,471
Retained earnings 146,294 130,967
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net ( 20,631 ) ( 23,266 )
Total shareholders' equity $ 249,804 $ 235,354
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 2,319,052 $ 2,198,950
1 Derived from audited consolidated financial statements
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4
FVCBankcorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Income
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Interest and Dividend Income
Interest and fees on loans $ 26,984 $ 27,381 $ 80,566 $ 79,152
Interest and dividends on securities held-to-maturity 2 1 5 4
Interest and dividends on securities available-for-sale 906 915 2,736 2,823
Dividends on restricted stock 118 134 362 477
Interest on deposits at other financial institutions 1,817 802 4,144 1,575
Total interest and dividend income $ 29,827 $ 29,233 $ 87,813 $ 84,031
Interest Expense
Interest on deposits $ 13,071 $ 14,199 $ 38,821 $ 39,634
Interest on federal funds purchased — — — 2
Interest on short-term debt 478 563 1,412 2,947
Interest on subordinated notes 245 257 736 773
Total interest expense $ 13,794 $ 15,019 $ 40,969 $ 43,356
Net Interest Income $ 16,033 $ 14,213 $ 46,844 $ 40,675
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses 375 ( 200 ) 680 6
Net interest income after provision for (recovery of) credit losses $ 15,658 $ 14,413 $ 46,164 $ 40,669
Noninterest Income
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 321 $ 301 $ 873 $ 841
BOLI income 73 70 215 326
Income from minority membership interests 508 278 1,000 426
Gain on termination of derivative instruments — — 154 —
Other income 131 166 469 488
Total noninterest income $ 1,033 $ 815 $ 2,711 $ 2,081
Noninterest Expenses
Salaries and employee benefits $ 5,115 $ 4,852 $ 14,933 $ 14,073
Occupancy and equipment expense 520 465 1,588 1,502
Data processing and network administration 559 727 1,728 2,029
Internet banking and software expense 890 706 2,580 2,130
State franchise taxes 583 589 1,761 1,768
FDIC insurance 238 360 858 1,081
Marketing, business development and advertising 211 281 628 747
Loan related expenses 280 241 763 686
Director's fees 150 150 450 465
Core deposit intangible amortization 30 40 97 127
Other operating expenses 896 784 2,646 2,208
Total noninterest expenses $ 9,472 $ 9,195 $ 28,032 $ 26,816
Net income before income tax expense $ 7,219 $ 6,033 $ 20,843 $ 15,934
Income tax expense 1,640 1,364 4,432 5,770
Net income $ 5,579 $ 4,669 $ 16,411 $ 10,164
Earnings per share, basic $ 0.31 $ 0.26 $ 0.90 $ 0.56
Earnings per share, diluted $ 0.31 $ 0.25 $ 0.90 $ 0.55
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5
FVCBankcorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Net income $ 5,579 $ 4,669 $ 16,411 $ 10,164
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of tax expense of $ 559 thousand and $ 1.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 respectively, and net of tax expense of $ 1.4 million and $ 1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
1,928 5,127 6,552 3,590
Unrealized loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit of $ 85 thousand and $ 1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, Unrealized (loss) on interest rate swaps, net of tax (benefit) of $( 1.6 ) million and $( 607 ) thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
( 293 ) ( 5,696 ) ( 4,036 ) ( 2,151 )
Reclassification adjustment for derivative termination gains realized in income, net of tax expense of $ 0 thousand and $ 35 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and none for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.
— — 119 —
Total other comprehensive (loss) income $ 1,635 $ ( 569 ) $ 2,635 $ 1,439
Total comprehensive income $ 7,214 $ 4,100 $ 19,046 $ 11,603
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
6
FVCBankcorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net income $ 16,411 $ 10,164
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation 166 215
Provision for credit losses 680 6
Net amortization of premium of securities 144 180
Net accretion of deferred loan costs, fees, and other acquisition accounting adjustments ( 428 ) ( 992 )
Gain on derivative termination ( 154 ) —
Income from minority membership interest ( 1,000 ) ( 426 )
Amortization of subordinated debt issuance costs 41 13
Core deposits intangible amortization 97 127
Equity-based compensation expense 639 620
BOLI income ( 215 ) ( 326 )
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Increase in accrued interest receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets 1,575 2,311
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities ( 1,688 ) 1,492
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 16,268 $ 13,384
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Decrease in interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions $ ( 131,218 ) $ ( 115,095 )
Purchases of available-for-sale securities ( 2,941 ) —
Proceeds from sales or maturity of securities available-for-sale 1,200
Proceeds from repayments, calls and maturities of securities available-for-sale 10,845 9,784
Net redemption of restricted stock 412 1,302
Net (increase) decrease in loans 11,375 ( 45,200 )
Proceeds from surrender of bank-owned life insurance — 47,774
Purchases of premises and equipment, net ( 30 ) ( 125 )
Net cash used in investing activities $ ( 111,557 ) $ ( 100,360 )
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Net increase in non-maturing deposits $ 96,532 $ 170,670
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits 10,744 ( 55,195 )
Redemption of subordinated debt, net 1 32
Net decrease in FHLB advances — ( 28,000 )
Repurchase of shares to satisfy tax withholding for stock-based compensation ( 54 ) ( 178 )
Repurchases of common stock ( 4,635 ) —
Cash dividends paid on common stock ( 1,084 ) —
Common stock issuance 541 1,656
Net cash provided by financing activities $ 102,045 $ 88,985
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents $ 6,756 $ 2,009
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 8,161 8,042
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 14,917 $ 10,051
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
7
FVCBankcorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(In thousands)
Shares Common
Stock 		Additional
Paid-in
Capital 		Retained
Earnings 		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) 		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023
17,807 $ 178 $ 125,209 $ 115,890 $ ( 24,160 ) $ 217,117
Net income — — — 10,164 — 10,164
Impact of adoption of ASU 2023-02 — — — 13 — 13
Other comprehensive income — — — — 1,439 1,439
Common stock issuance for options exercised, net 346 4 1,652 — — 1,656
Vesting of restricted stock grants, net 51 — ( 179 ) — — ( 179 )
Stock-based compensation expense — — 620 — — 620
Balance at September 30, 2024
18,204 $ 182 $ 127,302 $ 126,067 $ ( 22,721 ) $ 230,830
Balance at June 30, 2024 18,186 $ 182 $ 127,063 $ 121,398 $ ( 22,152 ) $ 226,491
Net income — — — 4,669 — 4,669
Other comprehensive (loss) — — — — ( 569 ) ( 569 )
Common stock issuance for options exercised, net 18 — 116 — — 116
Vesting of restricted stock grants, net — — ( 127 ) — — ( 127 )
Stock-based compensation expense — — 250 — — 250
Balance at September 30, 2024 18,204 $ 182 $ 127,302 $ 126,067 $ ( 22,721 ) $ 230,830
Balance at December 31, 2024
18,204 $ 182 $ 127,471 $ 130,967 $ ( 23,266 ) $ 235,354
Net income — — — 16,411 — 16,411
Repurchases of common stock ( 415 ) ( 4 ) ( 4,635 ) — — ( 4,639 )
Other comprehensive income — — — — 2,635 2,635
Common stock issuance for options exercised, net 224 2 539 — — 541
Vesting of restricted stock grants, net 61 1 ( 54 ) — — ( 53 )
Cash Dividends paid on common stock — — — ( 1,084 ) — ( 1,084 )
Stock-based compensation expense — — 639 — — 639
Balance at September 30, 2025
18,074 $ 181 $ 123,960 $ 146,294 $ ( 20,631 ) $ 249,804
Balance at June 30, 2025 18,019 $ 180 $ 123,450 $ 141,799 $ ( 22,266 ) $ 243,163
Net income — — — 5,579 — 5,579
Other comprehensive income — — — — 1,635 1,635
Common stock issuance for options exercised 54 1 304 — — 305
Vesting of restricted stock grants, net 1 — — — — —
Cash Dividends paid on common stock — — — ( 1,084 ) — ( 1,084 )
Stock-based compensation expense — — 206 — — 206
Balance at September 30, 2025
18,074 $ 181 $ 123,960 $ 146,294 $ ( 20,631 ) $ 249,804
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)

Note 1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
FVCBankcorp, Inc. (the "Company"), a Virginia corporation, was formed in 2015 and is registered as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. The Company is headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia. The Company conducts its business activities through the branch offices of its wholly owned subsidiary bank, FVCbank (the "Bank"). The Company exists primarily for the purposes of holding the stock of its subsidiary, the Bank.
The Bank was organized under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia to engage in a general banking business serving the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. The Bank commenced operations on November 27, 2007 and is a member of the Federal Reserve System. It is supervised and regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve") and the Bureau of Financial Institutions of the Virginia State Corporation Commission. Consequently, it undergoes periodic examinations by these regulatory authorities.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and follow general practice within the banking industry. Accordingly, the unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements; however, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. There is no impact to Shareholder's Equity or Net Income from these adjustments.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Bank. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Significant Accounting Policies
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with GAAP and conform to general practices within the banking industry.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” ASU 2024-03 requires public companies to disclose, in the notes to the financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. This includes disclosing amounts related to employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. In addition, public companies will need to provide qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. The FASB subsequently issued ASU 2025-01, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date”, which amends the effective date of ASU 2024-03 to clarify that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in ASU 2024-03 in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption of ASU 2024-03 is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2024-03 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, which is greater than five percent of
9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
the amount computed by multiplying pretax income by the entity’s applicable statutory rate, on an annual basis. Additionally, the amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions that are equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). Lastly, the amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Note 2. Securities
Amortized cost and fair values of securities held-to-maturity and securities available-for-sale as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows:
September 30, 2025
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
Held-to-maturity
Securities of state and local municipalities tax-exempt $ 265 $ — $ ( 3 ) $ 262
Total Held-to-maturity Securities $ 265 $ — $ ( 3 ) $ 262
Available-for-sale
Securities of U.S. government and federal agencies
$ 9,999 $ — $ ( 984 ) $ 9,015
Securities of state and local municipalities 374 — ( 45 ) 329
Corporate bonds 18,000 — ( 1,478 ) 16,522
SBA pass-through securities 40 — ( 2 ) 38
Mortgage-backed securities 151,180 43 ( 23,905 ) 127,318
Collateralized mortgage obligations 4,253 — ( 575 ) 3,678
Total Available-for-sale Securities $ 183,846 $ 43 $ ( 26,989 ) $ 156,900
December 31, 2024
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
Held-to-maturity
Securities of state and local municipalities tax-exempt $ 265 $ — $ ( 9 ) $ 256
Total Held-to-maturity Securities $ 265 $ — $ ( 9 ) $ 256
Available-for-sale
Securities of U.S. government and federal agencies $ 9,998 $ — $ ( 1,437 ) $ 8,561
Securities of state and local municipalities 404 — ( 55 ) 349
Corporate bonds 19,000 — ( 1,883 ) 17,117
SBA pass-through securities 48 — ( 3 ) 45
Mortgage-backed securities 158,956 — ( 31,280 ) 127,676
Collateralized mortgage obligations 3,488 — ( 761 ) 2,727
Total Available-for-sale Securities $ 191,894 $ — $ ( 35,419 ) $ 156,475
No allowance for credit losses was recognized as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 related to the Company's investment portfolio.
10
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
The Company had no securities pledged to secure borrowings at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had securities of $ 19.7 million and $ 55.1 million pledged to secure public deposits at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
The Company monitors the credit quality of held-to-maturity sec urities through the use of credit ratings. The Company monitors credit ratings on a periodic basis. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, aggregated by credit quality indicator:
Held-to-Maturity: State maturity municipal and tax exempt September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Aa3 $ 265 $ 265
Total $ 265 $ 265
The following tables show the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual available-for-sale securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , respectively. The reference point for determining when securities are in an unrealized loss position is month-end. Therefore, it is possible that a security’s market value exceeded its amortized cost on other days during the past twelve-month period. Available-for-sale securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2025 are as follows:
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
At September 30, 2025
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Securities of U.S. government and federal agencies $ — $ — $ 9,014 $ ( 984 ) $ 9,014 $ ( 984 )
Securities of state and local municipalities — — 328 ( 45 ) 328 ( 45 )
Corporate bonds 1,743 ( 7 ) 14,779 ( 1,471 ) 16,522 ( 1,478 )
SBA pass-through securities — 38 ( 2 ) 38 ( 2 )
Mortgage-backed securities 943 ( 2 ) 123,447 ( 23,903 ) 124,390 ( 23,905 )
Collateralized mortgage obligations 964 ( 20 ) 2,714 ( 555 ) 3,678 ( 575 )
Total $ 3,650 $ ( 29 ) $ 150,320 $ ( 26,960 ) $ 153,970 $ ( 26,989 )
Available-for-sale securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
At December 31, 2024
Fair
Value 		Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value 		Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value 		Unrealized
Losses
Securities of U.S. government and federal agencies $ — $ — $ 8,561 $ ( 1,437 ) $ 8,561 $ ( 1,437 )
Securities of state and local municipalities — — 349 ( 55 ) 349 ( 55 )
Corporate bonds 645 ( 105 ) 16,472 ( 1,778 ) 17,117 ( 1,883 )
SBA pass-through securities — — 45 ( 3 ) 45 ( 3 )
Mortgage-backed securities 1,856 ( 28 ) 125,820 ( 31,252 ) 127,676 ( 31,280 )
Collateralized mortgage obligations — — 2,727 ( 761 ) 2,727 ( 761 )
Total $ 2,501 $ ( 133 ) $ 153,974 $ ( 35,286 ) $ 156,475 $ ( 35,419 )
Securities of U.S. government and federal agencies: The unrealized losses on two available-for-sale securities were caused by interest rate increases. The contractual terms of these investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the investments.
11
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Securities of state and local municipalities: The unrealized loss on one of the investments in securities of state and local municipalities was caused by interest rate increases. The contractual terms of this investment does not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the investment. The investment carries an S&P investment grade rating of AAA.
Corporate bonds: The unrealized losses on 13 of the investments in corporate bonds were caused by interest rate increases. The contractual terms of these investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the investments. Some of these investments do not carry a rating.
SBA pass-through securities: The unrealized losses on one available-for-sale security was caused by interest rate increases. The contractual terms of this investment do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the investments.
Mortgage-backed securities: The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment on 37 mortgage-backed securities were caused by interest rate increases. The contractual cash flows of those investments are guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. Government. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the Company’s investments.
Collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"): The unrealized loss associated with 11 CMOs were caused by interest rate increases. The contractual cash flows of these investments are guaranteed by an ag ency of the U.S. Government. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the Company’s investments.
The Company has evaluated its available-for-sale investments securities in an unrealized loss position for credit related impairment at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and concluded no impairment existed based on several factors which included: (1) the majority of these securities are of high credit quality, (2) unrealized losses are primarily the result of market volatility and increases in market interest rates, (3) issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments, and (4) the Company does not intend to sell any of the investments and the accounting standard of “more likely than not” has not been met for the Company to be required to sell any of the investments before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Additionally, the Company’s mortgage-backed investment securities are primarily guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or the Government National Mortgage Association and do not have credit risk given the implicit and explicit government guarantees associated with these agencies.
The amortized cost and fair value of securities at September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations without penalties.
September 30, 2025
Held-to-maturity Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value
3 months or less $ — $ — $ — $ —
After 1 year through 5 years 265 262 14,805 13,797
After 5 years through 10 years — — 17,737 16,309
After 10 years — — 151,304 126,794
Total $ 265 $ 262 $ 183,846 $ 156,900
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, principal repayments of securities totaled $ 9.8 million and $ 11.1 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, proceeds from calls and maturities of securities were $ 1.0 million and $ 1.2 million, respectively. No securities were sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
12
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Note 3. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
A summary of loan balances at amortized cost by type at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 follows:
September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate $ 994,552 $ 1,038,307
Commercial and industrial 386,149 336,662
Commercial construction 170,252 162,367
Consumer real estate 301,993 325,313
Consumer nonresidential 5,476 7,586
$ 1,858,422 $ 1,870,235
Less:
Allowance for credit losses 17,943 18,129
Loans, net $ 1,840,479 $ 1,852,106

13
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
An analysis of the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and for the year ended December 31, 2024 follows:
Allowance for Credit Losses
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Commercial
Real Estate 		Commercial and
Industrial 		Commercial
Construction 		Consumer Real
Estate 		Consumer
Nonresidential 		Total
September 30, 2025
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning Balance, July 1, 2025 $ 8,639 $ 3,801 $ 2,148 $ 3,426 $ 51 $ 18,065
Charge-offs — ( 500 ) — — — ( 500 )
Recoveries — — — — 2 2
Provision (reversal) 92 421 ( 159 ) 27 ( 5 ) 376
Ending Balance, September 30, 2025 $ 8,731 $ 3,722 $ 1,989 $ 3,453 $ 48 $ 17,943
Allowance for Credit Losses
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Commercial
Real Estate 		Commercial and
Industrial 		Commercial
Construction 		Consumer Real
Estate 		Consumer
Nonresidential 		Total
September 30, 2025
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2025 $ 9,434 $ 3,139 $ 1,713 $ 3,775 $ 68 $ 18,129
Charge-offs — ( 1,078 ) — — ( 10 ) ( 1,088 )
Recoveries — 205 — — 7 212
Provision (reversal) ( 703 ) 1,456 276 ( 322 ) ( 17 ) 690
Ending Balance, September 30, 2025 $ 8,731 $ 3,722 $ 1,989 $ 3,453 $ 48 $ 17,943
14
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Allowance for Credit Losses
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Commercial
Real Estate 		Commercial and
Industrial 		Commercial
Construction 		Consumer Real
Estate 		Consumer
Nonresidential 		Total
September 30, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning Balance, July 1, 2024 $ 9,986 $ 3,598 $ 1,590 $ 3,962 $ 72 $ 19,208
Charge-offs — — — — ( 14 ) ( 14 )
Recoveries — 74 — — 2 77
Provision (reversal) ( 217 ) ( 16 ) 94 ( 72 ) 7 ( 204 )
Ending Balance, September 30, 2024 $ 9,769 $ 3,656 $ 1,684 $ 3,890 $ 68 $ 19,067
Allowance for Credit Losses
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Commercial
Real Estate 		Commercial and
Industrial 		Commercial
Construction 		Consumer Real
Estate 		Consumer
Nonresidential 		Total
September 30, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2024 $ 10,174 $ 3,385 $ 1,425 $ 3,822 $ 65 $ 18,871
Charge-offs — — — — ( 24 ) ( 24 )
Recoveries — 74 — — 48 122
Provision (reversal) ( 405 ) 197 259 68 ( 21 ) 98
Ending Balance, September 30, 2024 $ 9,769 $ 3,656 $ 1,684 $ 3,890 $ 68 $ 19,067
Allowance for Credit Losses
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Commercial
Real Estate 		Commercial and
Industrial 		Commercial
Construction 		Consumer Real
Estate 		Consumer
Nonresidential 		Total
December 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2024 $ 10,174 $ 3,385 $ 1,425 $ 3,822 $ 65 $ 18,871
Charge-offs — ( 821 ) — ( 122 ) ( 26 ) ( 969 )
Recoveries — 74 — 1 54 129
Provision (reversal) ( 740 ) 501 288 74 ( 25 ) 98
Ending Balance, December 31, 2024 $ 9,434 $ 3,139 $ 1,713 $ 3,775 $ 68 $ 18,129
15
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Real Estate Business / Other Assets Real Estate Business / Other Assets
Collateral-Dependent Loans
Commercial real estate $ 10,108 $ — $ 10,244 $ —
Commercial and industrial — — — 471
Commercial construction — — — —
Consumer real estate 60 — 490 —
Consumer nonresidential — — — —
Total $ 10,168 $ — $ 10,734 $ 471
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis typically includes larger, non-homogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
Pass — Loans listed as pass include larger non-homogeneous loans not meeting the risk rating definitions below and smaller, homogeneous loans not assessed on an individual basis.
Special Mention — Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.
Substandard — Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the enhanced possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful — Loans classified as doubtful include those loans which have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as "Substandard," with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently known facts, conditions and values, improbable.
Loss — Loans classified as loss include those loans which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as loans is not warranted. Even though partial recovery may be achieved in the future, it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off these loans.
16
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Based on the most recent analysis performed, amortized cost basis of loans by risk category, class, and year of origination and gross charge-offs by year of origination as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, were as follows:
Prior 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Revolving Loans Amort. Cost Basis Revolving Loans Convert. to Term Total
Commercial Real Estate
Grade:
Pass $ 312,635 $ 113,574 $ 231,222 $ 71,771 $ 3,276 $ 41,849 $ 205,773 $ — $ 980,100
Special mention 1,923 472 1,949 — — — — — 4,344
Substandard — — 10,108 — — — — — 10,108
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total $ 314,558 $ 114,046 $ 243,279 $ 71,771 $ 3,276 $ 41,849 $ 205,773 $ — $ 994,552
Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Commercial and Industrial
Grade:
Pass $ 86,944 $ 12,978 $ 28,383 $ 51,110 $ 108,602 $ 63,602 $ 34,529 $ — $ 386,148
Special mention — — — — — — 1 — 1
Substandard — — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total $ 86,944 $ 12,978 $ 28,383 $ 51,110 $ 108,602 $ 63,602 $ 34,530 $ — $ 386,149
Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ ( 946 ) $ ( 50 ) $ ( 82 ) $ — $ — $ ( 1,078 )
Commercial Construction
Grade:
Pass $ 15,367 $ 44,042 $ 44,368 $ 22,459 $ — $ 78 $ 43,938 $ — $ 170,252
Special mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total $ 15,367 $ 44,042 $ 44,368 $ 22,459 $ — $ 78 $ 43,938 $ — $ 170,252
Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Consumer Real Estate
Grade:
Pass $ 20,683 $ 22,227 $ 164,683 $ 40,291 $ 364 $ 7,839 $ 45,300 $ — $ 301,387
Special mention — — 546 — — — — — 546
Substandard 60 — — — — — — — 60
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total $ 20,743 $ 22,227 $ 165,229 $ 40,291 $ 364 $ 7,839 $ 45,300 $ — $ 301,993
Gross Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Consumer Nonresidential
Grade:
Pass $ 540 $ — $ 10 $ 79 $ 94 $ 33 $ 4,720 $ — $ 5,476
Special mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total $ 540 $ — $ 10 $ 79 $ 94 $ 33 $ 4,720 $ — $ 5,476
Gross Charge-offs $ ( 10 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 10 )
Total Recorded Investment $ 438,152 $ 193,293 $ 481,269 $ 185,710 $ 112,336 $ 113,401 $ 334,261 $ — $ 1,858,422
Total Gross Charge-Offs $ ( 10 ) $ — $ — $ ( 946 ) $ ( 50 ) $ ( 82 ) $ — $ — $ ( 1,088 )
17
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Based on the most recent analysis performed, amortized cost basis of loans by risk category, class, and year of origination and gross charge-offs by year of origination as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, were as follows:
Prior 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Revolving Loans Amort. Cost Basis Revolving Loans Convert. to Term Total
Commercial Real Estate
Grade:
Pass $ 377,345 $ 68,364 $ 134,808 $ 207,568 $ 70,488 $ 13,027 $ 153,448 $ — $ 1,025,048
Special mention 2,385 — — — 630 — — — 3,015
Substandard — — — 10,244 — — — — 10,244
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total $ 379,730 $ 68,364 $ 134,808 $ 217,812 $ 71,118 $ 13,027 $ 153,448 $ — $ 1,038,307
Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Commercial and Industrial
Grade:
Pass $ 27,989 $ 2,033 $ 7,938 $ 26,557 $ 35,381 $ 111,507 $ 124,786 $ — $ 336,191
Special mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — 424 — 47 — 471
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total $ 27,989 $ 2,033 $ 7,938 $ 26,557 $ 35,805 $ 111,507 $ 124,833 $ — $ 336,662
Charge-offs $ — $ ( 186 ) $ — $ ( 635 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 821 )
Commercial Construction
Grade:
Pass $ 8,267 $ — $ 6,098 $ — $ — $ — $ 148,002 $ — $ 162,367
Special mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total $ 8,267 $ — $ 6,098 $ — $ — $ — $ 148,002 $ — $ 162,367
Charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Consumer Real Estate
Grade:
Pass $ 38,023 $ 4,621 $ 27,154 $ 178,257 $ 47,005 $ 571 $ 28,925 $ — $ 324,556
Special mention — — — — — — 266 — 266
Substandard 108 — — — — — 383 — 491
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total $ 38,131 $ 4,621 $ 27,154 $ 178,257 $ 47,005 $ 571 $ 29,574 $ — $ 325,313
Charge-offs $ ( 122 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ ( 122 )
Consumer Nonresidential
Grade:
Pass $ 536 $ 1 $ 1 $ 25 $ 101 $ 120 $ 6,802 $ — $ 7,586
Special mention — — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — — —
Total $ 536 $ 1 $ 1 $ 25 $ 101 $ 120 $ 6,802 $ — $ 7,586
Charge-offs $ ( 23 ) $ ( 1 ) $ — $ — $ — $ ( 2 ) $ — $ — $ ( 26 )
Total Recorded Investment $ 454,653 $ 75,019 $ 175,999 $ 422,651 $ 154,029 $ 125,225 $ 462,659 $ — $ 1,870,235
Total Charge-offs $ ( 145 ) $ ( 187 ) $ — $ ( 635 ) $ — $ ( 2 ) $ — $ — $ ( 969 )
18
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)

Total Loan Portfolio - As of and for the Year-to-Date Periods Ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Grade:
Pass $ 1,843,363 $ 1,855,748
Special mention 4,891 3,281
Substandard 10,168 11,206
Doubtful — —
Total Recorded Investment 1,858,422 1,870,235
Charge-offs ( 1,088 ) ( 969 )
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes larger non-homogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. At September 30, 2025, the Company had $ 4.9 million in loans identified as special mention, an increase from $ 3.3 million at December 31, 2024. Special mention rated loans are loans that have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention, however, the borrower continues to pay in accordance with their contract. Loans rated as special mention do not have a specific reserve and are considered well-secured.
At September 30, 2025, the Company had $ 10.2 million in loans identified as substandard, a decrease of $ 1.0 million from $ 11.2 million at December 31, 2024. Substandard rated loans are loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans are individually evaluated, typically on the basis of the underlying collateral. At September 30, 2025, an individually assessed allowance for credit losses totaling $ 396 thousand has bee n estimated to supplement any shortfall of collateral.

19
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Past due and nonaccrual loans presented by loan class were as follows at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
Accruing
As of September 30, 2025 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due loans Current Nonaccruals Total Recorded Investment in Loans
Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 984,444 $ 10,108 $ 994,552
Commercial and industrial — — — — 386,149 — 386,149
Commercial construction — — — — 170,252 — 170,252
Consumer real estate — — 900 900 301,033 60 301,993
Consumer nonresidential — — — — 5,476 — 5,476
Total $ — $ — $ 900 $ 900 $ 1,847,354 $ 10,168 $ 1,858,422
Accruing
As of December 31, 2024 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due loans Current Nonaccruals Total Recorded Investment in Loans
Commercial real estate $ 1,300 $ — $ 214 $ 1,514 $ 1,026,513 $ 10,280 $ 1,038,307
Commercial and industrial 50 — — 50 336,140 472 336,662
Commercial construction — — — — 162,367 — 162,367
Consumer real estate 4,764 752 1,405 6,921 317,903 489 325,313
Consumer nonresidential 2 — — 2 7,584 — 7,586
Total $ 6,116 $ 752 $ 1,619 $ 8,487 $ 1,850,507 $ 11,241 $ 1,870,235
The following presents nonaccrual loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and interest income recognized for those year to date periods:
As of September 30, 2025 Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Losses Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Losses Total Nonaccrual Loans Interest Income Recognized
Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial real estate $ — $ 10,108 $ 10,108 $ 177
Commercial and industrial — — — —
Commercial construction — — — —
Consumer real estate 60 — 60 3
Consumer nonresidential — — — —
Total $ 60 $ 10,108 $ 10,168 $ 180
As of December 31, 2024 Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Losses Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Losses Total Nonaccrual Loans Interest Income Recognized
Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial real estate $ — $ 10,280 $ 10,280 $ 379
Commercial and industrial 472 — 472 40
Commercial construction — — — —
Consumer real estate 489 — 489 55
Consumer nonresidential — — — —
Total $ 961 $ 10,280 $ 11,241 $ 474
There were two consumer mortgage loans totaling $ 107 thousand secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 .
20
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
There were ov erdrafts of $ 64 thousand and $ 32 thousand at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which have been reclassified from deposits to loans. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, loans with a carrying value of $ 349.7 million and $ 493.1 million, respectively, were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB").
Modifications with Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Loan modifications when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty ("FDMs") occur as a result of loss mitigation activities. A variety of solutions are offered to borrowers, including loan modifications that may result in principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, term extensions, payment delays, repayment plans or combinations thereof. FDMs exclude loans held for sale and loans accounted for under the fair value option. Loans with guarantor support, or guaranteed loans, are included in the Company's disclosed population of FDMs when those loan modifications are granted to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty.
There were no loans designated as modifications for borrowers who were experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.
As of September 30, 2025, the reserve for unfunded commitments decreased to $ 502 thousand from $ 510 thousand at December 31, 2024.
The following table presents a breakdown of the provision for credit losses included in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the applicable periods:
For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2025 September 30, 2024 September 30, 2025 September 30, 2024
Provision for credit losses - loans $ 376 $ ( 204 ) $ 690 $ 98
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses - unfunded commitments ( 1 ) 4 ( 10 ) ( 92 )
Total provision for credit losses $ 375 $ ( 200 ) $ 680 $ 6

Note 4. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements ("swap agreements") to facilitate the risk management strategies necessary in order to accommodate the needs of its banking customers. The Company mitigates the risk of entering into these loan agreements by entering into equal and offsetting swap agreements with highly-rated third party financial institutions. These back-to-back swap agreements are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition (asset positions are included in other assets and liability positions are included in other liabilities) as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company is party to master netting arrangements with its financial institution counterpa rties; however, the Company does not offset assets and liabilities under these arrangements for financial statement presentation purposes. The master netting arrangements provide for a single net settlement of all swap agreements, as well as collateral, in the event of default on, or termination of, any one contract. Parties to a centrally cleared over-the-counter derivative exchange daily payments that reflect the daily change in value of the derivative. These payments, commonly referred to as variation margin, are recorded as settlements of the derivatives' mark-to-market exposure rather than collateral against the exposures, which effectively results in any centrally cleared derivative having a Level 2 fair value that approximates zero on a daily basis, and therefore, these swap agreements were not included in the o ffsetting table in the Fair Value Measurement section below. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had entered into 16 and 17 interest rate swap agreements, respectively, which were collateralized by $ 30 thousand in cash.

21
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
The notional amount and fair value of the Company's derivative financial instruments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:
September 30, 2025
Notional Amount Fair Value
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
Receive Fixed/Pay Variable Swaps $ 75,874 $ 1,513
Pay Fixed/Receive Variable Swaps 75,874 ( 1,513 )
December 31, 2024
Notional Amount Fair Value
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
Receive Fixed/Pay Variable Swaps $ 80,512 $ 3,536
Pay Fixed/Receive Variable Swaps 80,512 ( 3,536 )
Interest Rate Risk Management—Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
The Company uses wholesale funding (in the form of FHLB advances and brokered certificates of deposit) from time to time as a source of funds for use in the Company's lending and investment activities and other general business purposes. This wholesale funding exposes the Company to increased interest rate risk as a result of the variability in cash flows (future interest payments). The Company believes it is prudent to reduce this interest rate risk. To meet this objective, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements whereby the Company reduces the interest rate risk associated with the Company's variable rate wholesale funding from the designation date and going through the maturity date.
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the information pertaining to outstanding interest rate swap agreements used to hedge variability in cash flows was as follows:
September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Notional amount $ 235,000 $ 250,000
Weighted average pay rate 3.26 % 3.25 %
Weighted average receive rate 4.30 % 5.15 %
Weighted average maturity in years 2.30 years 3.03 years
Unrealized gain relating to interest rate swaps $ 317 $ 5,371
These agreements provided for the Company to receive payments determined by a specific index in exchange for making payments at a fixed rate. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the unrealized gain or loss relating to interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments of the variability of cash flows associated with wholesale funding are reported in other comprehensive income. These amounts are subsequently reclass ified into interest expense as a yield adjustment in the same period in which the related interest on wholesale funding affects earnings. The Company measures cash flow hedging relationships for effectiveness on a monthly basis, and at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the hedges were highly effective and the amount of ineffectiveness reflected in earnings was de minimis.
22
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Note 5. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk    and Other Contingencies
The Company is party to credit-related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet.
The Company's exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. The Company follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the following financial instruments were outstanding, which contract amounts represent credit risk:
September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Commitments to grant loans $ 200,007 $ 24,989
Unused commitments to fund loans and lines of credit 156,453 171,752
Commercial and standby letters of credit 9,476 25,221
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The commitments for equity lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company, is based on management's credit evaluation of the customer.
Unfunded commitments under commercial lines of credit, revolving credit lines, and overdraft protection agreements are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing customers. These lines of credit usually do not contain a specified maturity date and may not be drawn upon to the total extent to which the Company is committed. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company, is based on management's credit evaluation of the customer.
Commercial and standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. Substantially all letters of credit issued have expiratio n dates within one year . The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company generally holds collateral supporting those commitments, if deemed necessary.
The Company enters into rate lock commitments to finance residential mortgage loans with its customers. These commitments offer the borrower an interest rate guarantee provided the loan meets underwriting guidelines and closes within the timeframe established by the Company.
The Company maintains its cash accounts with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond ("FRB") and correspondent banks. The total amount of cash on deposit in correspondent banks exceeding the federally insured limits was $ 13.6 million and $ 6.8 million at September 30, 2025 a nd December 31, 2024, res pectively.
The Bank provides banking services to customers that are licensed to do business in the cannabis industry, primarily in Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia. These customers include multi-state operators, fully integrated state-wide operators, independent dispensary/cultivation licensees, as well as provisional cannabis licensees. The Bank maintains stringent written policies and procedures related to the on-boarding of such businesses and to the monitoring and maintenance of such business accounts.
In accordance with federal regulatory guidance and industry best practices, the Bank's cannabis banking business is conducted through a comprehensive, defined, and multi-department process, which includes extensive compliance and on-boarding due diligence with subsequent involvement by bank experts in cannabis within the Bank's operations, branch, treasury management, lending, and credit departments. The Bank performs a multilayered due diligence review of a cannabis business before the business is on-boarded, including site visits and confirmation that the business is properly licensed by the state in which it is conducting business. Throughout the relationship, the Bank continues to monitor the
23
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
business, including additional site visits, to ensure that the cannabis business continues to meet strict requirements, including maintenance of required licenses. The Bank performs periodic financial reviews of the business and monitors the business in accordance with the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 and other state requirements.
While the Bank provides banking services to customers that are engaged in growing, processing, and sales of both medical- and adult-use cannabis in a manner that complies with applicable state law, such customers engaged in those activities currently violate federal law. While the Bank is not aware of any instance of a federally-insured financial institution being subject to such liability, the strict enforcement of federal laws regarding cannabis could result in the Bank's inability to continue to provide banking services to these customers and legal action taken against the Bank by the federal government. There is uncertainty with respect to the potential impact to the consolidated financial statements if the federal government should take action against the Bank. As of September 30, 2025, the Bank has not accrued an amount for the potential impact of any such actions.
The following is a summary of the level of business activities with cannabis customers: Deposit and loan balances at September 30, 2025 were approxim ately $ 127.0 million, or 6.4 % of total deposits, and $ 151.6 million, or 8.2 % of total loans, respectively. Deposit and loan balances at December 31, 2024 were approximately $ 100.0 million, or 5.3 % of total deposits, and $ 108.3 million, or 5.8 % of total loans, respectively.

Note 6. Stock-Based Compensation Plan
The Company’s Amended and Restated 2008 Option Plan (the "Plan"), which is stockholder-approved, was adopted to advance the interests of the Company by providing selected key employees of the Company, their affiliates, and directors with the opportunity to acquire shares of common stock in connection with their service to the Company. In May 2022, the stockholders approved an amendment to the Plan to extend the term and increase the number of shares authorized for issuance under the Plan by 200,000 shares. The Company has granted stock options and restricted stock units under the Plan.
The maximum number of shares with respect to which awards may be made is 2,929,296 shares of common stock, subject to adjustment for certain corporate events. Option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company's stock at the date of grant, generally vest annually over four years of continuous service and have contractual terms of ten years . At September 30, 2025, 167,773 shares were available to grant under the Plan.
No options were granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, there were 0 and 218,916 shares, respectively, withheld from issuance upon exercise of options in order to cover the cost of the exercise by the participant. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were 0 and 94,270 shares, respectively, withheld from issuance upon exercise of options in order to cover the cost of the exercise by the participant.
A summary of option activity under the Plan as of September 30, 2025, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 is presented below:
Options Shares Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price 		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (1)
Outstanding at January 1, 2025 704,622 $ 7.94 0.74
Granted — —
Exercised ( 443,350 ) 7.28
Forfeited or expired ( 8 ) —
Outstanding and Exercisable at September 30, 2025
261,264 $ 9.22 0.63 $ 980,833
________________________
(1) The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the amount by which the current market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on September 30, 2025. This amount changes based on changes in the market value of the Company's stock.
24
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
As of September 30, 2025, all outstanding options of the Plan were fully vested. Tax benefits recognized for qualified and non-qualified stock option exercises for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 totaled $ 0 thousand and $ 8 thousand, respectively. Tax benefits recognized in the income statement for share-based compensation arrangements for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 totaled $ 0 thousand and $ 265 thousand, respectively.
There were restricted stock units relating to 147,400 shares granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and no units for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, no shares were withheld from issuance upon vesting of restricted stock units in order to cover the taxes upon vesting by the participant. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, there were 4,788 shares withheld from issuance upon vesting of restricted stock units in order to cover the taxes upon vesting by the participant. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were 12,199 shares withheld from issuance upon vesting of restricted stock units in order to cover the taxes upon vesting by the participant.
A summary of restricted stock unit activity under the Plan as of September 30, 2025 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 is presented below.
Number of
Restricted Stock Units 		Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2025 89,055 $ 14.41
Granted 147,400 10.42
Vested ( 59,756 ) 13.96
Forfeited ( 3,370 ) 11.67
Balance at September 30, 2025
173,329 $ 11.22
The compensation cost that has been charged to income for the Plan was $ 206 thousand and $ 243 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The compensation costs totaled $ 639 thousand and $ 612 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, there was $ 1.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock units granted under the Plan. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 36 months.

Note 7. Fair Value Measurements
Determination of Fair Value
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with fair value measurements and disclosures topic of FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.
The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market
25
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.
Fair Value Hierarchy
In accordance with this guidance, the Company groups its financial assets and financial liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.
Level 1 — Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 — Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
Level 3 — Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:
Securities available-for-sale : Securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that considers observable market data (Level 2).
Derivatives: The Company has interest rate swap derivatives on certain loans and interest rate swap derivatives on certain time deposits and borrowings, which the latter are designated as cash flow hedges. These derivatives are recorded at fair value using published yield curve rates from a national valuation service. These observable rates and inputs are applied to a third party industry-wide valuation model, and therefore, the valuations fall into a Level 2 category.
26
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables present the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2025 Using
Balance as of
September 30, 2025
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets 		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs 		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Description (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Assets
Available-for-sale
Securities of U.S. government and federal agencies $ 9,015 $ — $ 9,015 $ —
Securities of state and local municipalities taxable 329 — 329 —
Corporate bonds 16,522 — 16,522 —
SBA pass-through securities 38 — 38 —
Mortgage-backed securities 127,318 — 127,318 —
Collateralized mortgage obligations 3,678 — 3,678 —
Total Available-for-Sale Securities $ 156,900 $ — $ 156,900 $ —
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps $ 1,513 $ — $ 1,513 $ —
Derivative assets - cash flow hedge 317 — 317 —
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps $ 1,513 $ — $ 1,513 $ —
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using
Balance as of December 31, 2024
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets 		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs 		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Description (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Assets
Available-for-sale
Securities of U.S. government and federal agencies
$ 8,561 $ — $ 8,561 $ —
Securities of state and local municipalities taxable 349 — 349 —
Corporate bonds 17,117 — 17,117 —
SBA pass-through securities 45 — 45 —
Mortgage-backed securities 127,676 — 127,676 —
Collateralized mortgage obligations 2,727 — 2,727 —
Total Available-for-Sale Securities $ 156,475 $ — $ 156,475 $ —
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps $ 3,536 $ — $ 3,536 $ —
Derivative assets - cash flow hedge 5,371 — 5,371 —
Liabilities
Derivative liabilties - interest rate swaps $ 3,536 $ — $ 3,536 $ —
27
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all of the Company's individually evaluated loans were evaluated based upon the fair value of the collateral. In accordance with ASC 820, individually evaluated loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral (i.e., those loans that are collateral dependent) require classification in the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is measured based on the value of the collateral securing the loans. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing a market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data (Level 2). However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction, has the value derived by discounting comparable sales due to lack of similar properties, or is discounted by the Company due to marketability, then the fair value is considered Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’s financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following tables summarize the Company's assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
Fair Value Measurements
Using
Balance as of
September 30, 2025
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets 		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs 		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Description (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Assets
Collateral-dependent loans
Commercial real estate $ 9,748 $ — $ — $ 9,748
Total Collateral-dependent loans $ 9,748 $ — $ — $ 9,748
Fair Value Measurements
Using
Balance as of December 31, 2024
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets 		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs 		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Description (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Assets
Collateral-dependent loans
Commercial real estate $ 9,812 $ — $ — $ 9,812
Total Collateral-dependent loans $ 9,812 $ — $ — $ 9,812
28
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables display quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2025
Assets Fair Value Valuation Technique(s) Unobservable input
Range
(Avg.)
Collateral-dependent loans
Commercial real estate $ 9,748 Discounted appraised value
Marketability/Selling costs
10 % - 10 %
10.00 %

Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024
Assets Fair Value Valuation Technique(s) Unobservable input
Range
(Avg.)
Collateral-dependent loans
Commercial real estate $ 9,812 Discounted appraised value Marketability/Selling costs
10 % - 10 %
10.00 %
The following presents the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial instruments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2025 using
Carrying
Amount
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 14,917 $ 14,917 $ — $ —
Interest-bearing deposits at other institutions 214,007 214,007 — —
Securities held-to-maturity 265 — 262 —
Securities available-for-sale 156,900 — 156,900 —
Restricted stock 7,774 — 7,774 —
Loans, net 1,840,479 — — 1,789,553
Bank owned life insurance 9,434 — 9,434 —
Accrued interest receivable 9,969 — 9,969 —
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps 1,513 — 1,513 —
Derivative assets - cash flow hedge 317 — 317 —
Financial liabilities:
Checking $ 1,177,705 $ — $ 1,177,705 $ —
Savings and money market 291,391 — 291,391 —
Time deposits 273,837 — 274,865 —
Wholesale deposits 234,949 — 235,128 —
FHLB advances 50,000 — 50,000 —
Subordinated notes 18,737 — 18,976 —
Accrued interest payable 2,699 — 2,699 —
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps 1,513 — 1,513 —
29
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024 using
Carrying
Amount
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 8,161 $ 8,161 $ — $ —
Interest-bearing deposits at other institutions 82,789 82,789 — —
Securities held-to-maturity 265 — 256 —
Securities available-for-sale 156,475 — 156,475 —
Restricted stock 8,186 — 8,186 —
Loans, net 1,852,106 — — 1,779,966
Bank owned life insurance 9,219 — 9,219 —
Accrued interest receivable 10,315 — 10,315 —
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps 3,536 — 3,536 —
Derivative assets - cash flow hedge 5,371 — 5,371 —
Financial liabilities:
Checking $ 989,477 $ — $ 989,477 $ —
Savings and money market 383,087 — 383,087 —
Time deposits 248,154 — 248,674 —
Wholesale deposits 249,887 — 250,168 —
FHLB advances 50,000 — 50,000 —
Subordinated notes 18,695 — 18,709 —
Accrued interest payable 2,505 — 2,505 —
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps 3,536 — 3,536 —
Note 8. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share ("EPS") excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, or resulted in the issuance of stock which then shared in the earnings of the Company. Weighted average shares – diluted includes only the potential dilution of stock options and unvested restricted stock units for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The following shows the weighted average number of shares used in computing EPS and the effect of weighted average number of shares of dilutive potential common stock. Dilutive potential common stock has no effect on income available to common shareholders. There were no anti-dilutive shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and there were no anti-dilutive shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

30
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)

The holders of restricted stock units do not share in dividends and do not have voting rights during the vesting period.
Three months ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Net income $ 5,579 $ 4,669 $ 16,411 $ 10,164
Weighted average - basic shares 18,050 18,195 18,158 18,008
Effect of dilutive securities, restricted stock units and options
131 238 143 356
Weighted average - diluted shares 18,180 18,433 18,301 18,364
Basic EPS $ 0.31 $ 0.26 $ 0.90 $ 0.56
Diluted EPS $ 0.31 $ 0.25 $ 0.90 $ 0.55
Note 9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are shown in the following tables. The Company ha s two components of AOCI, which are available-for-sale securities and cash flow hedges, for the periods presented.
2025
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Available-for-
Sale Securities 		Cash Flow
Hedges 		Total
Balance, beginning of period $ ( 22,868 ) $ 602 $ ( 22,266 )
Net unrealized gains (losses) during the period 1,928 ( 293 ) 1,635
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax 1,928 ( 293 ) 1,635
Balance, end of period $ ( 20,940 ) $ 309 $ ( 20,631 )
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Available-for-
Sale Securities 		Cash Flow
Hedges 		Total
Balance, beginning of period $ ( 27,492 ) $ 4,226 $ ( 23,266 )
Net unrealized gains (losses) during the period 6,552 ( 4,036 ) 2,516
Derivative termination gains realized in income — 119 119
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax 6,552 ( 3,917 ) 2,635
Balance, end of period $ ( 20,940 ) $ 309 $ ( 20,631 )
2024
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Available-for-
Sale Securities 		Cash Flow
Hedges 		Total
Balance, beginning of period $ ( 28,013 ) $ 5861 $ ( 22,152 )
Net unrealized gains (losses) during the period 5,127 ( 5,696 ) ( 569 )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 5,127 ( 5,696 ) ( 569 )
Balance, end of period $ ( 22,886 ) $ 165 $ ( 22,721 )
31
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Available-for-
Sale Securities 		Cash Flow
Hedges 		Total
Balance, beginning of period $ ( 26,476 ) $ 2,316 $ ( 24,160 )
Net unrealized gains (losses) during the period 3,590 ( 2,151 ) 1,439
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 3,590 ( 2,151 ) 1,439
Balance, end of period $ ( 22,886 ) $ 165 $ ( 22,721 )
There was one reclassification from AOCI into income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. There were no r eclassifications for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Note 10. Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606 ‘‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’’ ("Topic 606"). Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, gain on sale of securities, bank-owned life insurance income, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as trust and asset management income, deposit related fees, interchange fees, merchant income, and insurance commissions. However, the recognition of these revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from contracts with customers. Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts
Service charges on deposit accounts consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and personal checking accounts), monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.
Fees, Exchange and Other Service Charges
Fees, exchange, and other service charges are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees, merchant services income, and other service charges and are included in other income on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees. Other service charges include revenue from processing wire transfers, bill pay service, cashier’s checks, and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for fees, exchange, and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month. This income is reflected in other income on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
Other Income
Other noninterest income consists of loan swap fees, insurance commissions, and other miscellaneous revenue streams not meeting the criteria above. When the Company enters into an interest rate swap agreement, the Company may receive an additional one-time payment fee which is recognized as income when received. The Company receives monthly recurring commissions based on a percentage of premiums issued and revenue is recognized when received. Any residual miscellaneous fees are recognized as they occur, and therefore, the Company determined this consistent practice satisfies the obligation for performance.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
The following table presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:
Three months ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Noninterest income
In-scope of Topic 606
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 321 $ 301 $ 873 $ 841
Fees, exchange, and other service charges 88 102 288 281
Other income 7 9 29 63
Noninterest income (in-scope of Topic 606) 416 412 1,190 1,185
Noninterest income (out-scope of Topic 606) 617 403 1,521 896
Total noninterest income $ 1,033 $ 815 $ 2,711 $ 2,081
Contract Balances
A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s noninterest revenue streams are largely based on transactional activity. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company did not have any significant contract balances.
Contract Acquisition Costs
Under Topic 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained (for example, sales commission). The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. T he Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 o r September 30, 2024.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in thousands, except per share data)
Note 11. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Below is additional information regarding the Company’s cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for:
Interest on deposits and borrowed funds $ 40,969 $ 39,634
Income taxes 4,200 3,830
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale 8,473 4,602
Unrealized loss on interest rate swaps ( 4,342 ) ( 2,758 )
Adoption of ASU 2023-02 — 13

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following presents management’s discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and the results of our operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the balance of 2025, or for any other period. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause results to differ materially from management’s expectations.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-Q, as well as other periodic reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), and written or oral communications made from time to time by or on behalf of FVCBankcorp, Inc. and our subsidiary (the “Company”), may contain statements relating to future events or our future results that are considered “forward-looking statements” under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements represent plans, estimates, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, intentions, projections and statements of our beliefs concerning future events, business plans, objectives, expected operating results and the assumptions upon which those statements are based. Forward-looking statements include without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements, and are typically identified with words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “aim,” “intend,” “plan,” or words or phases of similar meaning. We caution that the forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on factors which are, in many instances, beyond our control. Actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those contemplated, expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
The following factors, among others, could cause our financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in such forward-looking statements:
• general business and economic conditions, including higher inflation and its impacts, nationally or in the markets that we serve could adversely affect, among other things, real estate valuations, unemployment levels, the ability of businesses to remain viable, consumer and business confidence, and consumer or business spending, which could lead to decreases in demand for loans, deposits, and other financial services that we provide and increases in loan delinquencies and defaults;

• the concentration of our business in and around the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and the effects of changes in the economic, political, and environmental conditions on this market, including the shutdown of the U.S. government and potential reductions in spending by the U.S. government and related reductions in the federal workforce;

• the impact of the interest rate environment on our business, financial condition and results of operation, and its impact on the composition and costs of deposits, loan demand, and the values and liquidity of loan collateral, securities, and interest sensitive assets and liabilities;

• changes in our liquidity requirements could be adversely affected by changes in our assets and liabilities;

• changes in the assumptions underlying the establishment of reserves for possible credit losses and the possibility that future credit losses may be higher than currently expected;

• the management of risks inherent in our real estate loan portfolio, and the risk of a prolonged downturn in the real estate market, which could impair the value of loan collateral and the ability to sell collateral upon any foreclosure;

• changes in market conditions, specifically declines in the commercial and residential real estate market, volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets, and soundness of other financial institutions that we do business with;

• the effects of, and changes in, trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve"), inflation, interest rate, market and monetary fluctuations;

• our investment securities portfolio is subject to credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk as well as changes in the estimates used to value the securities in the portfolio;

• declines in our common stock price or the occurrence of what management would deem to be a triggering event that could, under certain circumstances, cause us to record a noncash impairment charge to earnings in future periods;

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• the effect of any change in federal government enforcement of federal laws affecting the cannabis industry;



• potential exposure to fraud, negligence, computer theft and cyber-crime, and our ability to maintain the security of our data processing and information technology systems;

• the impact of changes in bank regulatory conditions, including laws, regulations and policies concerning capital requirements, deposit insurance premiums, taxes, securities, and the application thereof by regulatory bodies;

• the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted from time to time by bank regulatory agencies, the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") or other accounting standards setting bodies;

• competitive pressures among financial services companies, including the timely development of competitive new products and services and the acceptance of these products and services by new and existing customers;

• the effect of acquisitions and partnerships we may make, including, without limitation, the failure to achieve the expected revenue growth and/or expense savings from such acquisitions;

• our involvement, from time to time, in legal proceedings and examination and remedial actions by regulators;

• geopolitical conditions, including trade restrictions and tariffs, and acts or threats of terrorism, or actions taken by the United States or other governments in response to trade restrictions and tariffs, and acts or threats of terrorism and/or military conflicts, which could impact business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad; and

• the occurrence of significant natural disasters, including severe weather conditions, floods, health related issues or emergencies, and other catastrophic events.

The foregoing factors should not be considered exhaustive and should be read together with other cautionary statements that are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, including those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors”. If one or more of the factors affecting our forward-looking information and statements proves incorrect, then our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, forward-looking information and statements contained in this Form 10-Q. Therefore, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking information and statements. We will not update the forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in the factors affecting the forward-looking statements. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict their occurrence or how they will affect our operations, financial condition, or results of operations.
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Overview
We are a bank holding company headquartered in Fairfax County, Virginia. Our sole subsidiary, FVCbank (the "Bank"), was formed in November 2007 as a community-oriented, locally-owned and managed commercial bank under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Bank offers a wide range of traditional bank loan and deposit products and services to both our commercial and retail customers. Our commercial relationship officers focus on attracting small and medium sized businesses, commercial real estate developers and builders, including government contractors, non-profit organizations, and professionals. Our approach to our market features competitive customized financial services offered to customers and prospects in a personal relationship context by seasoned professionals.
Net interest income is our primary source of revenue. We define revenue as net interest income plus noninterest income. We manage our balance sheet and interest rate risk exposure to maximize, and concurrently stabilize, net interest income. We do this by monitoring our liquidity position and the spread between the interest rates earned on interest-earning assets and the interest rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. We attempt to minimize our exposure to interest rate risk, but are unable to eliminate it entirely. In addition to managing interest rate risk, we also analyze our loan portfolio for exposure to credit risk. Loan defaults and foreclosures are inherent risks in the banking industry, and we attempt to limit our exposure to these risks by carefully underwriting and then monitoring our extensions of credit. In addition to net interest income, noninterest income is a complementary source of revenue for us and includes, among other things, service charges on deposits and loans, income from our minority membership interest in Atlantic Coast Mortgage, LLC ("ACM"), merchant services fee income, insurance commission income, income from bank owned life insurance ("BOLI"), and gains and losses on sales of investment securities available-for-sale.
Critical Accounting Policies
General
The accounting principles we apply under the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") are complex and require management to apply significant judgment to various accounting, reporting, and disclosure matters. Management must use assumptions, judgments, and estimates when applying these principles where precise measurements are not possible or practical. These policies are critical because they are highly dependent upon subjective or complex judgments, assumptions, and estimates. Changes in such judgments, assumptions, and estimates may have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements. Actual results, in fact, could differ from initial estimates.
The accounting policies we view as critical are those relating to judgments, assumptions, and estimates regarding the determination of the allowance for credit losses on our loan portfolio.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans
We maintain the allowance for credit losses ("ACL") at a level that represents management’s best estimate of expected losses in our loan portfolio.
Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 326 requires that an estimate of expected credit losses be immediately recognized and reevaluated over the contractual life of the financial asset. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loan portfolio. Loans, or portions thereof, are charged off against the ACL when they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries are recorded to the extent they do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off.
Reserves on loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Nonaccrual loans are specifically reviewed for loss potential and when deemed appropriate are assigned a reserve based on an individual evaluation. The remainder of the portfolio, representing all loans not evaluated individually, is segmented based on call report code and processed through a non-discounted cash flow valuation model. In particular, loan-level probability of default ("PD") and severity (also referred to as loss given default ("LGD")) is applied to derive a baseline expected loss as of the valuation date. These expected default and severity rates, which are regression-derived and based on peer historical loan-level performance data, are calibrated to incorporate our reasonable and supportable forecast of future losses as well as any necessary qualitative adjustments.

Typically, financial institutions use their historical loss experience and trends in losses for each loan segment which are then adjusted for portfolio trends and economic and environmental factors in determining the ACL. Since the
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Bank’s inception in 2007, we have experienced minimal loss history within our loan portfolio. Due to the fact that limited internal loss history exists to generate statistical significance, we determined it was most prudent to rely on peer data when deriving our best estimate of PD and LGD. As part of our estimation process, we will continue to assess the reasonableness of the data, assumptions, and model methodology utilized to derive our allowance for credit losses.
For each of the modeled loan segments, we generate cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speeds, PD rates, and LGD rates. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds is based on internal loan-level historical data. For our cash flow model, we utilize national unemployment for reasonable and supportable forecasting of expected default. To further adjust the ACL for expected losses not already within the quantitative component of the calculation, we may consider qualitative factors as prescribed in ASC 326.

While our methodology in establishing the ACL attributes portions of a combined reserve to multiple elements, we believe that the combined allowance for credit losses (which is inclusive of the reserve for unfunded commitments) represents the most appropriate coverage metric for loss absorption purposes.

The determination of the appropriate level of the ACL on loans inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires us to make significant judgments concerning credit risks and trends using quantitative and qualitative information, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, all of which may undergo frequent and significant changes. Changes in conditions, including unforeseen events, changes in asset-specific risk characteristics, and other economic factors, both within and outside our control, may indicate the need for an increase or decrease in the ACL on loans. While we make every effort to utilize the best information available in making our assessment of the ACL estimate, the estimation process is inherently challenging as potential changes in any one factor or input may occur at different rates and/or impact pools of loans in different ways. Further, changes in factors and inputs may also be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor may offset deterioration in others. Our methodology utilized in the estimation of the ACL, which is performed at least quarterly, is designed to be dynamic and responsive to changes in our loan portfolio credit quality, composition, and forecasted economic conditions. The review of the reasonableness and appropriateness of the ACL is reviewed by the ACL Committee for approval as of the valuation date. Additionally, information is provided to the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis along with our consolidated financial statements.

Credit losses are an inherent part of our business and, although we believe the methodologies for determining the ACL and the current level of the allowance are appropriate, it is possible that there may be unidentified losses in the portfolio at any particular time that may become evident at a future date pursuant to additional internal analysis or regulatory comment. Additional provisions for such losses, if necessary, would be recorded, and would negatively impact earnings.


38

Results of Operations— Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
Overview
We recorded net income of $5.6 million, or $0.31 dilute d earnings per share, for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to net income of $4.7 million, or $0.25 diluted earnings per share, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 , an increase of $910 thousand, or 19%.
Net interest income increased $1.8 million, or 13%, to $16.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $14.2 million for the same period of 2024. Provision for credit losses totaled $375 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to a $200 thousand release of provision for credit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 . Noninterest income was $1.0 million and $815 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, an increase of $218 thousand, or 27%. Noninterest expense was $9.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $277 thousand, or 3%.
The annualized return on average assets for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 1.00% and 0.85%, respectively. The annualized return on average equity for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 9.05% and 8.15%, respe ctively.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded net income o f $16.4 million, or $0.90 dil uted earnings per share, compared to net income of $10.2 million, or $0.55 diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included the surrender of certain BOLI policies with an aggregate cash surrender value of $48.0 million. Upon the surrender, we received a cash payout and were required to accrue additional income tax on the appreciation of those policies which had previously been treated as tax-exempt income. This resulted in additional statutory income tax expense of $1.6 million and tax penalties of $722 thousand. The tax penalties related to the surrender of the BOLI were recorded in income tax expense.
Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $46.8 million, compared to $40.7 million for the same period of 2024, an increase of $6.2 million, or 15%.
Provision for credit losses was $680 thousand and $6 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Noninterest income was $2.7 million and $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, an increase of $630 thousand, or 30%. Noninterest expense was $28.0 million and $26.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, an increase of $1.2 million, or 5%.
Core operating earnings (non-GAAP) exclude gains on the termination of derivative instruments recorded during 2025 and the aforementioned additional provisioning for income taxes associated with the surrender of our BOLI policies during 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, core operating earnings were $16.3 million and $12.6 million, respectively. See table below for additional information on core operating earnings.
Diluted core operating earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $0.31 and $0.25, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, diluted core operating earnings per share were $0.89 and $0.68, respectively.
We consider core operating earnings a useful financial measure of our operating performance. Core operating earnings is determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to their most comparable financial measure in accordance with GAAP can be found in the tables below.

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Reconciliation of Net Income (GAAP) to Core Operating Earnings (Non-GAAP)
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024
Net income (as reported) $ 5,579 $ 4,669
Gain on termination of derivative instruments — —
Provision for income taxes associated with non-GAAP adjustments — —
Non-GAAP Core Operating Earnings $ 5,579 $ 4,669
Earnings per share - basic (GAAP net income) $ 0.31 $ 0.26
Adjusted Earnings per share - Non-GAAP expenses including provision for income taxes $ — $ —
Earnings per share - basic (non-GAAP core operating earnings) $ 0.31 $ 0.26
Earnings per share - diluted (GAAP net income) $ 0.31 $ 0.25
Adjusted Earnings per share - Non-GAAP expenses including provision for income taxes $ — $ —
Adjustments to earnings per share - diluted (non-GAAP core operating earnings) $ 0.31 $ 0.25
Return on average assets (GAAP net income) 1.00 % 0.85 %
Adjusted Non-GAAP expenses including provision for income taxes — % — %
Adjusted return on average assets (non‑GAAP core operating earnings) 1.00 % 0.85 %
Return on average equity (GAAP net income) 9.05 % 8.15 %
Adjusted Non-GAAP expenses including provision for income taxes — % — %
Adjusted return on average equity (non‑GAAP core operating earnings) 9.05 % 8.15 %
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For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024
Net income (as reported) $ 16,411 $ 10,164
Gain on termination of derivative instruments (154) —
Non-recurring tax and 10% modified endowment contract penalty on early surrender of BOLI policies — 2,386
Provision for income taxes associated with non-GAAP adjustments 35 —
Non-GAAP commercial bank operating earnings, excluding above items $ 16,292 $ 12,550
Earnings per share - basic (GAAP net income) $ 0.90 $ 0.56
Adjustments to Earnings per share - Non-GAAP expenses including provision for income taxes $ — $ 0.14
Earnings per share - basic (non-GAAP commercial bank operating earnings) $ 0.90 $ 0.70
Earnings per share - diluted (GAAP net income) $ 0.90 $ 0.55
Adjustments to earnings per share - Non-GAAP expenses including provision for income taxes $ (0.01) $ 0.13
Adjustments to earnings per share - diluted (non-GAAP commercial bank operating earnings) $ 0.89 $ 0.68
Return on average assets (GAAP net income) 0.98 % 0.62 %
Non-GAAP adjustments to expenses including provision for income taxes — % 0.15 %
Adjusted return on average assets (non‑GAAP commercial bank operating earnings) 0.98 % 0.77 %
Return on average equity (GAAP net income) 8.94 % 6.04 %
Non-GAAP adjustments to expenses including provision for income taxes — % 1.42 %
Adjusted return on average equity (non‑GAAP commercial bank operating earnings) 8.94 % 7.46 %



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Net Interest Income/Margin
The following table presents average balance information, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Average Balance Sheets and Interest Rates on Interest-Earning Assets and Interest-Bearing Liabilities
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
2025 2024
Average
Balance 		Interest
Income/
Expense 		Average
Yield/
Rate 		Average
Balance 		Interest
Income/
Expense 		Average
Yield/
Rate
Assets
Interest‑earning assets:
Loans receivable, net of fees
Commercial real estate $ 965,153 $ 12,425 5.15 % $ 1,075,258 $ 13,969 5.20 %
Commercial and industrial 340,510 6,906 8.11 % 268,484 5,558 8.28 %
Commercial construction 177,620 3,310 7.45 % 168,155 3,175 7.55 %
Consumer real estate 301,687 3,618 4.80 % 334,385 4,047 4.84 %
Warehouse facilities 39,104 617 6.31 % 26,043 489 7.51 %
Consumer nonresidential 5,513 108 7.83 % 6,827 143 8.38 %
Total loans (1)
1,829,587 26,984 5.90 % 1,879,152 27,381 5.83 %
Investment securities (2)
193,262 1,026 2.12 % 205,019 1,050 2.05 %
Interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions 163,878 1,817 4.40 % 57,984 802 5.50 %
Total interest‑earning assets and interest income $ 2,186,727 $ 29,827 5.46 % $ 2,142,155 $ 29,233 5.46 %
Noninterest‑earning assets:
Cash and due from banks 14,265 7,443
Premises and equipment, net 755 892
Accrued interest and other assets 55,379 56,312
Allowance for credit losses (17,988) (19,219)
Total assets $ 2,239,138 $ 2,187,583
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Interest ‑ bearing liabilities:
Interest ‑ bearing deposits:
Interest checking $ 702,037 $ 5,496 3.11 % $ 620,256 $ 5,652 3.62 %
Savings and money markets 321,399 2,755 3.40 % 362,663 3,482 3.82 %
Time deposits 277,760 2,783 3.97 % 264,125 2,929 4.41 %
Wholesale deposits 234,925 2,037 3.44 % 249,851 2,136 3.40 %
Total interest ‑ bearing deposits 1,536,121 13,071 3.38 % 1,496,895 14,199 3.77 %
Other borrowed funds 50,011 478 3.78 % 57,000 563 3.93 %
Subordinated notes, net of issuance costs 18,728 245 5.20 % 19,656 257 5.21 %
Total interest‑bearing liabilities and interest expense $ 1,604,860 $ 13,794 3.41 % $ 1,573,551 $ 15,019 3.80 %
Noninterest‑bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits 364,614 358,618
Other liabilities 23,121 26,252
Common stockholders' equity 246,543 229,162
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 2,239,138 $ 2,187,583
Net interest income and net interest margin $ 16,033 2.91 % $ 14,214 2.64 %
________________________
(1) Nonaccrual loans are included in average balances and do not have a material effect on the average yield. Interest income on non-accruing loans was not material for the quarters presented. Net loan fees and late charges included in interest income on loans t otal ed $478 thousand and $448 thousand for the quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
(2) The average balances for investment securities includes restricted stock.
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The following table shows the effect that these factors had on the interest earned from our interest-earning assets and interest incurred on our interes t-bearing liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Rate and Volume Analysis
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
2025 Compared to 2024
Average
Volume
Average
Rate 		Increase
(Decrease)
Interest income:
Loans (1) :
Commercial real estate $ (1,430) $ (114) $ (1,544)
Commercial and industrial 1,490 (142) 1,348
Commercial construction 178 (43) 135
Consumer residential (396) (33) (429)
Warehouse facilities 247 (119) 128
Consumer nonresidential (28) (7) (35)
Total loans 61 (458) (397)
Investment securities (2)
(62) 38 (24)
Deposits at other financial institutions and federal funds sold 1,473 (458) 1,015
Total interest income 1,472 (878) 594
Interest expense:
Interest - bearing deposits:
Interest checking 761 (917) (156)
Savings and money markets (388) (339) (727)
Time deposits 160 (306) (146)
Wholesale deposits (122) 23 (99)
Total interest - bearing deposits 411 (1,539) (1,128)
Other borrowed funds (66) (19) (85)
Subordinated notes, net of issuance costs (11) (1) (12)
Total interest expense 334 (1,559) (1,225)
Net interest income $ 1,138 $ 681 $ 1,819
_________________________
(1) Nonaccrual loans are included in average balances and do not have a material effect on the average yield. Interest income on non-accruing loans was not material for the periods presented.
(2) The average balances for investment securities includes restricted stock.
.

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Net interest i ncome totaled $16.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $14.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $1.8 million, or 13%. The increase in net interest income is primarily due to an increase in interest income totaling $594 thousand and a decrease in interest expense totaling $1.2 million for the third quarter of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024.
Our net interest margin for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 2.91% and 2.64%, respective ly, an increase of 27 basis points, or 10%. The in crease in our net interest margin was a result of continued repricing of our loan renewals and newly originated loans to current market interest rates over the past year. We have also reduced the cost of our funding sources simultaneously with federal funds rate decisions during 2024 and 2025. The yield on interest-earning assets remained at 5.46% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period of 2024. Ou r cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 39 basis points to 3.41% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 3.80% for the same period of 2024.
Average interest-earning assets for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased $44.6 million, or 2%, to $2.19 billion co mpared to $2.14 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was primarily related to an increase in interest- bearing deposits held at other financial institutions. Total interest income increased $594 thousand, or 2%, to $29.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $29.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in our average volume was the main driver to the increase in our interest income, contributing $1.5 million of the increase for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the year ago quarter, offset by a decrease in the average rate which decreased interest income by $878 thousand.
Average loans receivable decreased $49.6 million to $1.83 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $1.88 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2024 . The yield on average loans increased 7 basis points to 5.90% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 , compared to 5.83% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in our average loan yields was primarily a result of originating new loans at higher interest rates and the increase in the volume of commercial and industrial loans. Average balances of nonperforming loans, which consist of nonaccrual loans, are included in the net interest margin calculation and did not have a material impact on our net interest margin in 2025 and 2024.
Average interest-earning deposits at other financial institutions, consisting primarily of excess cash reserves maintained at the Federal Reserve, increased $105.9 million to $163.9 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $58.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The increase in our cash reserves is primarily a result of the $74.8 million increase in our average total deposits year-over-year. The yield on average interest-earning deposits at other financial ins titutions decreased 110 basis points to 4.40% f or the quarter ended September 30, 2025 compared to 5.50% for the same period of 2 024, primarily as a result of the Federal Open Market Committee's decision to decrease its targeted federal funds rate 125 basis points since September 2024.
Total average interest-bearing liabilities i ncreased $31.3 million to $1.60 billion for th e three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $1.57 billion for the same period of 2024. Conversely, interest ex pense decreased $1.2 million to $13.8 million f or the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $15.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The cost of interest-bearing liabil ities decreased 39 basis points to 3.41% fo r the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 3.80% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in the average rate reduced interest expense by $1.6 million for the third quarter of 2025 as compared to the same period of 2024, while the increase in average volume increased interest expense $334 thousand when compared to the third quarter of 2024.
Total average interest-bearing depo sits increased $39.2 million to $1.54 billion fo r the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $1.50 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Interest expense on dep osits decreased $1.1 million to $13.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $14.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 , primarily as a result of the decrease in interest rates of average interest-bearing deposits for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Th e cost of interest-bearing depos its decreased 39 basis points to 3.38% for t he three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 3.77% for the same period of 2024. Average noninterest-bearing de posits increased $6.0 million, or 2%, to $364.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $358.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Average w holesale deposits decreased $14.9 million to $234.9 million for the thr ee months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $249.9 million for the three
44

months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of deposits (which includes noninterest-bearing deposits ) was 2.73% for t he three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 3.04% for the same three month period of 2024.
Average o ther borrowed funds decreased $7.0 million to $50.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $57.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. Interest expense on other borrowed funds decreased $85 thousand for th e quarter ended September 30, 2025 to $478 thousand comp ared to $563 thousand for the same period of 2024. The c ost of other borrowed funds decreased 15 basis points to 3.78% for th e three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 3.93% for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
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The following table presents average balance information, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Average Balance Sheets and Interest Rates on Interest-Earning Assets and Interest-Bearing Liabilities
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
2025 2024
Average
Balance 		Interest
Income/
Expense 		Average
Yield/
Rate 		Average
Balance 		Interest
Income/
Expense 		Average
Yield/
Rate
Assets
Interest‑earning assets:
Loans receivable, net of fees
Commercial real estate $ 996,337 $ 37,935 5.08 % $ 1,084,436 $ 41,325 5.08 %
Commercial and industrial 334,858 20,122 8.01 % 250,106 14,941 7.97 %
Commercial construction 171,434 9,454 7.35 % 161,159 8,845 7.32 %
Consumer real estate 310,921 11,103 4.76 % 346,771 12,604 4.85 %
Warehouse facilities 32,248 1,533 6.34 % 18,885 1,060 7.48 %
Consumer nonresidential 6,956 419 8.02 % 6,146 377 8.18 %
Total loans (1)
1,852,754 80,566 5.80 % 1,867,503 79,152 5.65 %
Investment securities (2)
196,223 3,103 2.11 % 210,536 3,304 2.09 %
Interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions 125,184 4,144 4.43 % 38,397 1,575 5.48 %
Total interest‑earning assets and interest income $ 2,174,161 $ 87,813 5.39 % $ 2,116,436 $ 84,032 5.29 %
Noninterest‑earning assets:
Cash and due from banks 11,269 6,982
Premises and equipment, net 801 949
Accrued interest and other assets 55,617 67,311
Allowance for credit losses (18,195) (19,012)
Total assets $ 2,223,653 $ 2,172,666
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Interest ‑ bearing liabilities:
Interest ‑ bearing deposits:
Interest checking $ 655,651 $ 15,342 3.13 % $ 556,650 $ 14,215 3.41 %
Savings and money markets 358,003 8,907 3.33 % 332,663 9,071 3.64 %
Time deposits 270,565 8,286 4.09 % 283,897 9,240 4.35 %
Wholesale deposits 244,084 6,286 3.44 % 268,295 7,108 3.54 %
Total interest ‑ bearing deposits 1,528,303 38,821 3.38 % 1,441,505 39,634 3.67 %
Other borrowed funds 50,007 1,412 3.78 % 88,082 2,949 4.47 %
Subordinated notes, net of issuance costs 18,714 736 5.26 % 19,640 773 5.25 %
Total interest‑bearing liabilities and interest expense $ 1,597,024 $ 40,969 3.41 % $ 1,549,227 $ 43,356 3.74 %
Noninterest‑bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits 360,318 372,289
Other liabilities 23,429 26,759
Common stockholders' equity 242,882 224,391
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 2,223,653 $ 2,172,666
Net interest income and net interest margin $ 46,844 2.88 % $ 40,676 2.57 %
________________________
(1) Nonaccrual loans are included in average balances and do not have a material effect on the average yield. Interest income on non-accruing loans was not material for the periods presented. Net loan fees and late charges included in interest incom e on loans total ed $1.5 million an d $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
(2) The average balances for investment securities includes restricted stock.
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The following table shows the effect of variations in the volume and mix of our assets and liabilities, as well as the changes in interest rates had on the interest earned from our interest-earning assets and interest incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period of 2024.
Rate and Volume Analysis
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
2025 Compared to 2024
Average
Volume
Average
Rate 		Increase
(Decrease)
Interest income:
Loans (1) :
Commercial real estate $ (3,357) $ (33) $ (3,390)
Commercial and industrial 5,063 118 5,181
Commercial construction 563 46 609
Consumer residential (1,303) (198) (1,501)
Warehouse facilities 750 (277) 473
Consumer nonresidential 50 (8) 42
Total loans (1)
$ 1,766 $ (352) $ 1,414
Investment securities (2)
$ (226) $ 24 $ (202)
Deposits at other financial institutions and federal funds sold 3,558 (989) 2,569
Total interest income $ 5,098 $ (1,317) $ 3,781
Interest expense:
Interest - bearing deposits:
Interest checking $ 2,512 $ (1,385) 1,127
Savings and money markets 682 (846) (164)
Time deposits (442) (512) (954)
Wholesale deposits (648) (174) (822)
Total interest - bearing deposits $ 2,104 $ (2,917) $ (813)
Other borrowed funds (1,276) (261) (1,537)
Subordinated notes, net of issuance costs (38) 1 (37)
Total interest expense $ 790 $ (3,177) $ (2,387)
Net interest income $ 4,308 $ 1,860 $ 6,167
_________________________
(1) Nonaccrual loans are included in average balances and do not have a material effect on the average yield. Interest income on non-accruing loans was not material for the periods presented.
(2) The average balances for investment securities includes restricted stock.

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Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, was $46.8 million and $40.7 million, respectively, an increase of $6.2 million, or 15%. T he increase in net interest income is primarily due to a $3.8 million increase in interest income and a $2.4 million decrease in interest expense f or the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period of 2024.
Our net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 2.88% and 2.57%, respectively, an increase of 31 basis points, or 12%. The i ncrease in our net interest margin was a result of continued repricing of our loan renewals and newly originated loans to current market interest rates over the past year along with the reduction in the cost of our funding sources. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 10 basis points to 5.39% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 5.29% for the same period of 2024. Our cost of funds decreased 21 basis points to 2.80% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 3.01% for the same period of 2024.
Average interest-ea rning a ssets increased $57.7 million, to $2.17 billion, for th e nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to $2.12 billion for the same period of 2024, which is primarily related to an increase in interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions. Total interest income increased $3.8 million, or 4%, to $87.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $84.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in average volume was the main driver of the increase in our interest income, contributing $5.1 million of the increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same nine month period of 2024, offset by a decrease in the average rate which decreased interest income by $1.3 million.

Average loans receivable decreased $14.7 million to $1.85 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Loan interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $1.4 million co mpared to the same nine month period of 2024, primarily as a result of the change in our loan mix towards commercial and industrial loans, which earn a higher yield than other portions of our loan portfolio. The yield on average lo ans increased 15 basis points to 5.80% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 5.65% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Average interest-earning deposits at other financial institutions, co nsisting primarily of excess cash reserves maintained at the Federal Reserve, increased $86.8 million to $125.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $38.4 million for the same nine month period of 2024. The increase in our cash reserves is primarily a result of the $74.8 million increase in our average total deposits year-over-year. The yield on average interest-earning deposits at other financial institutions decreased 105 basis points to 4.43% for the nin e months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 5.48% for the same period of 2024 , primarily as a result of the decrease in the targeted federal funds rate during 2024 and 2025. Interest income earned on average deposits at other f inancial institutions increased $2.6 million to $4.1 million for th e nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared $1.6 million for the same period of 2024.

Average interest-bearing lia bilities increased $47.8 million to $1.60 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $1.55 billion for the same period of 2024. Conversely, interest expense decreased $2.4 million to $41.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $43.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in the average rate reduced interest expense by $3.2 million for the nine month period of 2025 as compared to the same period of 2024, while the increase in average volume increased interest expense $790 thousand when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Average interest-bearing deposits increased $86.8 million to $1.53 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $1.44 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Interest expense on average interest-beari ng deposits decreased $813 thousand to $38.8 million for t he nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $39.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 29 basis points to 3.38% for t he nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 3.67% for the same period of 2024, which was primarily attributable to the repricing of our interest-bearing deposits to lower interest rates. Cost of deposits (which includes noninterest-bearing deposits) was 2.75% for th e nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 2.92% for the same nine month period of 2024 . The increase in average volume of interest-bearing deposits increased interest expense $2.1 million when compared to the nine month period of 2024 while the decrease in the average rate reduced interest expense by $2.9 million when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Average noninteres t-bearing deposits decreased $12.0 million to $360.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $372.3 million for the same period of 2024.

Av erage other borrowed funds decreased $38.1 million to $50.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $88.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Interest expense on other borrowed funds decreased $1.5 million to $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $2.9 million for the same period of 2024. The cost of other borrowed funds decreased 69 basis points to 3.78% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 4.47% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
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Average balances of nonperforming loans, which include nonaccrual loans, are included in the net interest margin calculation an d did not have a material impact on our net interest margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Provision Expense and Allowance for Credit Losses
Our policy is to maintain the ACL at a level that represents our best estimate of expected losses in the loan portfolio as of the valuation date. Both the amount of the provision and the level of the allowance for credit losses are impacted by many factors, including general and industry-specific economic conditions, actual and expected credit losses, historical trends and specific conditions of individual borrowers.
We recorded a provision for credit losses of $375 thousand and $680 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 , respectively, compared to a release of provision for credit losses totaling $200 thousand and p rovision for credit losses totaled $6 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The increase in provision for credit losses during the three and nine months periods ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods of 2024 is primarily a result of net charge-offs recorded during 2025. The allowance for credit los ses was $17.9 million and $18.1 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Our allowance for credit losses as a percent of total loans, net of deferred fees and c osts, was 0.97% for each of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
We lend to well-established and relationship-driven borrowers, which has contributed to our track record of low historical credit losses. We continue to maintain our disciplined credit guidelines during the current rate environment. We proactively monitor the impact of changes in economic conditions, such as inflation and recessionary conditions, changes in market interest rates, and changes in government policy. Nonperforming loans, net of fees, at September 30, 2025 totaled $11.1 million, or 0.48% of tot al assets, compared to $12.9 million, or 0.58%, of total assets at December 31, 2024. We had no other real estate ow ned at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
We recorded net ch arge-offs of $498 thousand duri ng the third quarter of 2025 compared to net recoveries of $63 thousand for same period of 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we recorded net charge-offs of $876 thousand and net recoveries of $98 thousand, respectively.
See “Asset Quality” bel ow for additional information on the credit quality of the loan portfolio.

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Noninterest Income
The following table provides detail for noninterest incom e for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Noninterest Income
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024 Change from Prior Year 2025 2024 Change from Prior Year
Amount Percent Amount Percent
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 321 $ 301 $ 20 6.6 % $ 873 $ 841 $ 32 3.8 %
Fees on loans 35 54 (19) (35.2) % 145 141 4 2.8 %
Gain on termination of derivative instruments — — — — % 154 — 154 100.0 %
BOLI income 73 70 3 4.3 % 215 326 (111) (34.0) %
Income from minority membership interest 508 278 230 82.7 % 1,000 426 574 134.7 %
Other fee income 96 112 (16) (14.3) % 324 347 (23) (6.6) %
Total noninterest income $ 1,033 $ 815 $ 218 26.7 % $ 2,711 $ 2,081 $ 630 30.3 %
Noninterest income includes service charges on deposits and loans, loan swap fee income, income from our membership interest in ACM and other investments, income from our BOLI policies, and other fee income, and continues to supplement our operating results. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we recorded noninterest incom e of $1.0 million and $815 thousand, respectively, an increase of $218 thousand, or 27%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we recorded noninterest income of $2.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively, an increase of $630 thousand, or 30%.
We recorded income from our minority membership interests totaling $508 thousand and $1.0 million for th e three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded income from our minority membership interests totaling $278 thousand and $426 thousand, respectively. This income is primarily attributable to our membership interest in ACM. The increase in earnings at ACM is a direct result of continued success in executing their strategic growth and geographic diversification initiatives, resulting in a 14% increase in loan originations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024
Fee income fro m loans was $35 thousand for t he quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $54 thousand for the same period of 2024. Service charges on deposits were $321 thousand for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $301 thousand for the same period of 2024. Income from B OLI increased to $73 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $70 thousand for same period of 2024.
Fee income from loans was $145 thousand for nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $141 thousand for the same period of 2024. Service charges on deposit s were $873 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $841 thousand for the same period of 2024, an increase of $32 thousand, or 4%. Income from BOLI decreased to $215 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $326 thousand for same period of 2024, a result of our surrendered BOLI policies which occurred during the first quarter of 2024.
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Noninterest Expense
The following table reflects the components of noninterest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Noninterest Expense
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024 Change from Prior Year 2025 2024 Change from Prior Year
Amount Percent Amount Percent
Salaries and employee benefits $ 5,115 $ 4,852 $ 263 5.4 % $ 14,933 $ 14,073 $ 860 6.1 %
Occupancy expense 520 465 55 11.8 % 1,588 1,502 86 5.7 %
Internet banking and software expense 890 706 184 26.1 % 2,580 2,130 450 21.1 %
Data processing and network administration 559 727 (168) (23.1) % 1,728 2,029 (301) (14.8) %
State franchise taxes 583 589 (6) (1.0) % 1,761 1,768 (7) (0.4) %
Audit, legal and consulting fees 294 223 71 31.8 % 864 694 170 24.5 %
Loan related expenses 280 241 39 16.2 % 763 686 77 11.2 %
FDIC insurance 238 360 (122) (33.9) % 858 1,081 (223) (20.6) %
Marketing, business development and advertising 211 281 (70) (24.9) % 628 747 (119) (15.9) %
Director fees 150 150 — — % 450 465 (15) (3.2) %
Postage, courier and telephone 44 16 28 175.0 % 141 46 95 206.5 %
Core deposit intangible amortization 30 40 (10) (25.0) % 97 127 (30) (23.6) %
Other operating expenses 558 545 13 2.4 % 1,641 1,468 173 11.8 %
Total noninterest expense $ 9,472 $ 9,195 $ 277 3.0 % $ 28,032 $ 26,816 $ 1,216 4.5 %
Noninterest expense includes, among other things, salaries and benefits, occupancy and equipment costs, professional fees, data processing, insurance and miscellaneous expenses. Noninterest exp ense was $9.5 million an d $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respective ly, an increase of $277 thousand, or 3%. Noninterest expen se was $28.0 million and $26.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, an increase of $1,089 thousand, or 4%.
Salaries and benefits e xpense increased $263 thousand to $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $4.9 million for the same period in 2024. Internet banking and software expense increased $184 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025 to $890 thousand , compared to $706 thousand for the same period in 2024, primarily as a result of the implementation of enhanced customer software, including comprehensive online banking solutions. Data processing and network expense decreased $168 thousand to $559 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $727 thousand for the same period of 2024, primarily as a result of contract renewals with certain service providers for the Bank.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, salaries and benef its expense was $14.9 million and $14.1 million, respectively, an increase of $860 thousand, or 6%, which was primarily related to an increase in incentive accruals for 2025 along with the filling of open positions that were vacant in previous periods. Internet banking and software ex pense increased $450 thousand to $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 , compared to $2.1 million for the same period of 2024, a result of the enhanced customer service solutions we have implemented over the past year.
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Income Taxes
We recorded a provision for income tax exp ense of $1.6 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 22.7% and 22 .6%, respectively.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the provision for income taxes w as $4.4 million and $5.8 million, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included $2.4 million in taxes and penalties related to the surrender of our BOLI policies. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 21.3% and 36.2%, respectivel y.
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Dis cussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
Overview
At September 30, 2025, total assets were $2.32 billion, an increase of $120.1 million, fr om $2.20 billion at December 31, 2024. Investments securities we re $157.2 million at September 30, 2025, an increase of $425 thousand, from $156.7 million at December 31, 2024. Total loans, net of fee s, were $1.86 billion an d $1.87 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Total depos its increased $107.3 million to $1.98 billion at September 30, 2025, f rom $1.87 billion at December 31, 2024 . We had Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB") advances outstanding totaling $50 million at each of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Subordinated debt, net of unamortized issuance costs, t otaled $18.7 million at each of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Loans Receivable, Net
Loans receivable, net of deferred fee s, were $1.86 billion and $1.87 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. During the third quarter of 2025, we approved over $65 million in new loan originations that were in the queue to close. During the fourth quarter of 2025, all of these loan commitments, which have a weighted average rate of 8.95%, have closed and funded.
Commercial real estate loans tota led $994.6 million and $1.04 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and were approxim ately 54% and 56% of total loans receivable at such dates, respectively. Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans were $213.6 million at September 30, 2025 compared to $188.2 million at December 31, 2024. Non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans were $781.0 million a t September 30, 2025 compared to $850.1 million at December 31, 2024. Commercial construction lo ans totaled $170.3 million at September 30, 2025, compared to $162.4 million at December 31, 2024 and comprised 9% o f total loans receivable at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Our regulatory commercial real estate concentration (which includes non-owner-occupied real estate and construction loans) was 330% of our total risk-based capital at September 30, 2025 and 371% of our total risk-based capital at December 31, 2024. Our commercial real estate portfolio, including construction loans, is diversified by asset type and geographic concentration. We manage the portfolio in a disciplined manner and have comprehensive policies to monitor, measure, and mitigate our loan concentrations within this portfolio segment, including rigorous credit approval, monitoring and administrative practices. Additional information on the stratification of these portfolio segments can be found below under "Asset Quality".
Commercial an d industrial loans increased $49.5 million to $386.1 million at September 30, 2025, an increase of 15%, from $336.7 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in commercial and industrial loans was a result of an increase in loan originations during 2025 in addition to an increase in the our warehouse lending facility which totaled $50.3 million at September 30, 2025 compared to $22.4 million at December 31, 2024. Consumer real e state loans decreased $23.3 million to $302.0 million a t September 30, 2025, from $325.3 million at December 3 1, 2024, primarily as a result of principal repayments during 2025.

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The following table presents the composition of our loans receivable portfolio at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Loans Receivable
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)

September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate $ 994,552 $ 1,038,307
Commercial and industrial 386,149 336,662
Commercial construction 170,252 162,367
Consumer real estate 301,993 325,313
Consumer nonresidential 5,476 7,586
Total loans, net of fees 1,858,422 1,870,235
Less:
Allowance for credit losses on loans 17,943 18,129
Loans receivable, net $ 1,840,479 $ 1,852,106

Asset Quality
Nonperforming loans, defined as nonaccrual loans and loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest and still accruing, were $11.1 million and $12.9 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, a decrease of $1.8 million, or 14%. The decrea se in nonperforming loans at September 30, 2025 i s primarily due to a decrease in loans past due over 90 days at September 30, 2025. Loans that we have classified as nonperforming are a result of customer specific deterioration, mostly financial in nature, that are not a result of economic, industry, or environmental causes that we might see as a pattern for possible future losses within our loan portfolio. For each of our criticized assets, we individually evaluate each loan, generally through the performance of a collateral analysis to determine the amount of allowance required. As a result of the analysis completed, we had a reserve for individually assessed loans tot aling $396 thousand and $468 thousand at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Our ratio of nonperforming loans to total assets was 0.48% and 0.58% at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We had no other real estate owned and there were no loan modifications for borrowers who were experiencing financial difficulty during the nine and twelve month periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 .
We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. We analyze loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes larger, non-homogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. At September 30, 2025, w e ha d $4.9 million in loans identified as special mention, an increase of $1.6 million f rom December 31, 2024. Special mention rated loans have a potential weakness that deser ves our close attention; howev er, the borrower continues to pay in accordance with their contractual terms, unless modified and disc losed. The increase from December 31, 2024 was primarily a result of downgrading one loan relationship to special mention during 2025. Loans rated as special mention are generally considered to be well-secured, and are not individually evaluated.
At September 30, 2025, we had $10.2 million in loans identified as substandard, a decrease of $1.0 million fro m $11.2 million at December 31, 2024, which was primarily a result of three loans being paid off in full and one loan upgraded during 2025. Substandard rated loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the colla teral pledged, if any. For each of these substandard loans, a liquidation analysis is completed. At September 30, 2025, reserves for individually assessed loans totali ng $396 thousand w ere allocated within the allowance for credit losses to supplement any shortfall of collateral.
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For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 , we recorded net charge-offs of $498 thousand and net recoveries of $63 thousand, respectively. We recorded net charge-offs of $875 thousand and net recoveries $98 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 , respectively. The following table provides additional information on our asset quality for the dates presented.
Nonperforming Loans and Assets
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Nonperforming assets:
Nonaccrual loans, gross $ 10,168 $ 11,241
Loans contractually past‑due 90 days or more and still accruing 900 1,619
Total nonperforming loans (NPLs) $ 11,068 $ 12,860
Total nonperforming assets (NPAs) $ 11,068 $ 12,860
NPLs/Total Assets 0.48 % 0.58 %
NPAs/Total Assets 0.48 % 0.58 %
Allowance for credit losses on loans/NPLs 162.12 % 140.97 %
We closely and proactively monitor the effects of recent market activity. As mentioned above, our commercial real estate loan portfolio tota led $994.6 million, or 54% of total loans, at September 30, 2025 and $1.04 billion, or 56% of total loans, at December 31, 2024. The commercial real estate portfolio, including construction loans, is diversified by asset type and geographic concentration. We manage this portfolio in a disciplined manner, and have comprehensive policies to monitor, measure, and mitigate our loan concentrations within this portfolio segment, including rigorous credit approval, monitoring, and admin istrative practices. Included in commercial real estate are loans secured by office properties totaling $105.5 million at September 30, 2025, or 6% of total loans, which are primarily located in the Virginia and Maryland suburbs of our market area, with only $1.1 million, or less than 0.06% of total loans, located in Washington, D.C. Loans secured by retail properties totaled $232.4 million, or 13% of total loans, at September 30, 2025, with $10.5 million, or less than 1% of total loans, located in Washington, D.C. Loans secured by multi-family commercial properties totaled $184.7 million, or 10% of total loans, at September 30, 2025, with $98.3 million, or 5% of total loans, located in Washington, D.C.
The following table provides further stratification of these and additional classes of commercial real estate and construction loans at September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands).

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Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate (3)
Non-Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate (3)
Construction Total CRE
Asset Class
Average Loan-to-Value (1)
Number of Total Loans
Bank Owned Principal (2)
Average Loan-to-Value (1)
Number of Total Loans
Bank Owned Principal (2)
Top 3 Geographic Concentration Number of Total Loans
Bank Owned Principal (2)
Total Bank Owned Principal (2)
% of Total Loans
Office, Class A 68% 6 $ 7,840 17% 1 $ 2,916 Counties of Fairfax and Loudoun, VA and Montgomery County, MD — $ — $ 10,756
Office, Class B 50% 24 9,018 46% 23 45,383 — — 54,401
Office, Class C 47% 9 5,122 31% 7 7,635 2 911 13,668
Office, Medical 34% 7 998 40% 4 13,652 1 12,050 26,700
Subtotal 46 $ 22,978 35 $ 69,586 3 $ 12,961 $ 105,525 6%
Retail- Neighborhood/Community Shop — $ — 45% 32 $ 92,622 Counties of Prince George's and Montgomery, MD and Fairfax County, VA — $ — $ 92,622
Retail- Restaurant 48% 4 4,351 42% 14 24,137 — — 28,488
Retail- Single Tenant 55% 5 1,847 41% 14 26,754 — — 28,601
Retail- Anchored,Other — — 52% 11 32,944 — — 32,944
Retail- Grocery-anchored — — 40% 8 49,712 — — 49,712
Subtotal 9 $ 6,198 79 $ 226,169 $— $ — $ 232,367 13%
Multi-family, Class A — $ — 30% 2 $ 1,428 Washington, D.C., Baltimore City, MD and Richmond City, VA 2 $ 33,087 $ 34,515
Multi-family, Class B — — 61% 18 63,207 1 3,952 67,159
Multi-family, Class C — — 54% 57 70,070 1 987 71,057
Multi-Family-Affordable Housing — — 43% 5 11,921 — — 11,921
Subtotal — $ — 82 $ 146,626 4 $ 38,026 $ 184,652 10%
Industrial 47% 36 $ 99,493 52% 31 $ 112,169 Counties of Prince William and Fairfax, VA and Howard County, MD — $ — $ 211,662
Warehouse 48% 12 14,595 27% 7 8,980 — — 23,575
Flex 45% 10 9,523 52% 14 55,730 3 8,015 73,268
Subtotal 58 $ 123,611 52 $ 176,879 3 $ 8,015 $ 308,505 17%
Hotels $ — 39% 9 $ 53,778 1 $ 7,679 $ 61,457 3%
Mixed Use 44% 8 6,833 59% 29 48,833 — — 55,666 3%
Land — 1% 2 625 19 $ 37,141 $ 37,766 2%
1- 4 family construction — — 14 47,852 47,852 2%
Other (including net deferred fees)
53,952 58,484 18,578 131,014 7%
Total commercial real estate and construction loans, net of fees, at September 30, 2025 $ 213,572 $ 780,980 $ 170,252 $ 1,164,804 63%
Total commercial real estate and construction loans, net of fees, at December 31, 2024 $ 188,182 $ 850,125 $ 162,367 $ 1,200,674 64%
_________________________
(1). Loan-to-value is based on collateral valuation at origination date against current bank owned principal.
(2). Bank-owned principal is not adjusted for deferred fees and costs.
(3). Minimum debt service coverage policy is 1.30x for owner occupied and 1.25x for non-owner occupied at origination.
The loans shown in the above table exhibit strong credit quality, with one nonaccrual loan at September 30, 2025 to taling $10.1 million, which has a specific reserve of $396 thousand. During our assessment of the allowance for credit losses on loans, we addressed the credit risks associated with these portfolio segments and believe that as a result of our conservative underwriting discipline at loan origination and our ongoing loan monitoring procedures, we have appropriately reserved for possible credit concerns in the event of a downturn in economic activity.

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Unexpected changes in economic growth could adversely affect our loan portfolio, including causing increases in delinquencies and default rates, which would adversely impact our charge-offs, allowance for credit losses, and provision for credit losses. Deterioration in real estate values, employment data and household incomes may also result in higher credit losses for us. Also, in the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to a concentration of credit risk to a particular industry, counterparty, borrower or issuer. A deterioration in the financial condition or prospects of a particular industry or a failure or downgrade of, or default by, any particular entity or group of entities could negatively impact our business, perhaps materially, and the systems by which we set limits and monitor the level of our credit exposure to individual entities and industries, may not function as we have anticipated.
See “Critical Accounting Policies” above for more information on our allowance for credit losses methodology.
The following tables present additional information pertaining to the activity in and allocation of the allowance for credit losses on loans by loan type and the percentage of the loan type to the total loan portfolio for the periods and at the dates presented. The allocation of the allowance for credit losses on loans to a category of loans is not necessarily indicative of future losses or charge-offs, and does not restrict the use of the allowance to any specific category of loans.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024
Net (charge-offs) recoveries Percentage of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the year Net (charge-offs) recoveries Percentage of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the year
Commercial real estate $ — — % $ — — %
Commercial and industrial (500) (0.11) % — — %
Consumer residential — — % — — %
Consumer nonresidential $ 2 — % $ 63 0.01 %
Total $ (498) (0.11) % $ 63 — %
Average loans outstanding during the period $ 1,829,587 $ 1,879,152
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024
Net (charge-offs) recoveries Percentage of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the year Net (charge-offs) recoveries Percentage of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the year
Commercial real estate $ — — % $ — — %
Commercial and industrial (873) (0.03) % — — %
Consumer residential — — % — — %
Consumer nonresidential (3) — % 98 0.01 %
Total $ (876) (0.03) % $ 98 0.01 %
Average loans outstanding during the period $ 1,852,754 $ 1,867,503
September 30, December 31,
2025 2024
Allowance for credit losses on loans receivable, net of fees 0.97 % 0.97 %
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Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
2025 2024
Allocation
% of Total*
Allocation
% of Total*
Commercial real estate $ 8,731 48.66 % $ 9,434 52.04 %
Commercial and industrial 3,722 20.74 % 3,139 17.31 %
Commercial construction 1,989 11.09 % 1,713 9.45 %
Consumer residential 3,453 19.24 % 3,775 20.82 %
Consumer nonresidential 48 0.27 % 68 0.38 %
Total allowance for credit losses $ 17,943 100.00 % $ 18,129 100.00 %

___________________
* Percentage of loan type to the total loan portfolio .
Investment Securities
Our investment securities portfolio is used as a source of income and liquidity. The investment portfolio consists of investment securities available-for-sale and investment securities held-to-maturity. Investment securities available-for-sale are those securities that we intend to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily until maturity. These securities are carried at fair value and may be sold as part of an asset/liability strategy, liquidity management, or regulatory capital management. Investment securities held-to-maturity at each of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 tota led $265 thousand , and are those securities that we have the intent and ability to hold to maturity and are carried at amortized cost. The fair value of our investment securities available-for-sa le was $156.9 million at September 30, 2025, an increas e of $425 thousand, fro m $156.5 million at December 31, 2024 , primarily due to an increase in the market value of the investment securities portfolio totaling $8.5 million and new purchases of $2.9 million, offset by principal repayments, calls, and maturities of $10.8 million.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , the majority of the investment securities portfolio consisted of securities rated AAA by a leading rating agency. Investment securities which carry a AAA rating are judged to be of the best quality and carry the smallest degree of investment risk. All of our mortgage-backed securities are guaranteed by either the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal H ome Loan Mortgage Corporation, or the Government National Mortgage Association. The effective duration of the investment securities portfolio continues to be slightly over five years, which is within the industry average. Investment securities that were pledged to secure public deposits totaled $19.7 million and $55.1 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
In accordance with ASC 326, we complete periodic assessments on at least a quarterly basis to determine if credit deterioration exists within our investment securities portfolio and if an allowance for credit losses would be required as of a valuation date. As a result of the assessment performed as of September 30, 2025, the investment securities with unrealized losses are a result of pricing changes due to recent rising interest rate conditions in the current market environment and not as a result of credit deterioration. Contractual cash flows for agency-backed portfolios are guaranteed and funded by the U.S. government. Municipal securities have third party protective elements and there are no negative indications that the contractual cash flows will not be received when due. We do not intend to sell nor do we believe we will be required to sell any of our investment securities portfolio prior to the recovery of the amortized cost as of the valuation da te. As such, no impairment w as recognized for our investment securities portfolio as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
We hold restricted investments in equities of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond ("FRB") and FHLB. At September 30, 2025 , we owne d $3.6 million in FRB stock and $4.0 million in FHLB stock. At December 31, 2024, we owned $4.1 million in FRB stock and $4.0 million in FHLB stock.

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The following table presents the weighted average yields of our investment portfolio for each of the maturity ranges at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Investment Securities by Stated Yields
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024

At September 30, 2025
Within One Year One to Five Years Five to Ten Years Over Ten Years Total
Weighted
Average
Yield 		Weighted
Average
Yield 		Weighted
Average
Yield 		Weighted
Average
Yield 		Weighted
Average
Yield
Held‑to‑maturity
Securities of state and local municipalities tax exempt — % 2.32 % — % — % 2.32 %
Total held‑to‑maturity securities — % 2.32 % — % — % 2.32 %
Available‑for‑sale
Securities of U.S. government and federal agencies — 1.59 — — 1.59
Securities of state and local municipalities — — — 2.92 2.92
Corporate bonds — 9.48 3.69 — 4.89
Mortgaged‑backed securities — 4.39 4.52 1.61 1.69
Total available‑for‑sale securities — % 3.79 % 3.85 % 1.61 % 2.00 %
Total investment securities — % 3.76 % 3.85 % 1.61 % 2.00 %
At December 31, 2024
Within One Year One to Five Years Five to Ten Years Over Ten Years Total
Weighted
Average
Yield 		Weighted
Average
Yield 		Weighted
Average
Yield 		Weighted
Average
Yield 		Weighted
Average
Yield
Held‑to‑maturity
Securities of state and local municipalities tax exempt — % 2.32 % — % — % 2.32 %
Total held‑to‑maturity securities — % 2.32 % — % — % 2.32 %
Available‑for‑sale
Securities of U.S. government and federal agencies — 1.75 1.55 — 1.59
Securities of state and local municipalities — — — 2.92 2.92
Corporate bonds — 9.26 4.01 — 4.50
Mortgaged‑backed securities — 2.09 4.31 1.59 1.63
Total available‑for‑sale securities — % 5.19 % 3.34 % 1.59 % 1.92 %
Total investment securities — % 5.01 % 3.34 % 1.59 % 1.92 %
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Deposits and Other Borrowed Funds
The following table sets forth the balances of deposits and the percentage of each category to total deposits for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Average Deposit Balances
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 360,318 19.08 % $ 368,591 21.15 %
Interest-bearing deposits
Interest checking 655,651 34.72 % 571,432 29.26 %
Savings and money markets 358,003 18.96 % 344,272 17.71 %
Certificate of deposits, $100,000 to $249,999 99,502 5.27 % 70,024 4.97 %
Certificate of deposits, $250,000 or more 171,063 9.06 % 205,264 11.42 %
Wholesale deposits 244,084 12.91 % 263,664 15.49 %
Total $ 1,888,621 100.00 % $ 1,792,705 100.00 %
Total deposits increased $107.3 million to $1.98 billion at September 30, 2025 from $1.87 billion at December 31, 2024. Core deposits, which exclude wholesale deposits, increased $122.2 million, or 8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 . Noninterest-bearing deposits were $374.4 million at September 30, 2025, or 19% of total deposits. Interest checking deposits incre ased $179.5 million, or 29%, to $803.3 million a t September 30, 2025 compared to $623.8 million at December 31, 2024 . Savings and money market de posits decreased $91.7 million, or 24%, t o $291.4 million at September 30, 2025 compared to $383.1 million at December 31, 2024 . Time deposits increased $25.7 million, or 10%, to $273.8 million at September 30, 2025 from $248.2 million at December 31, 2024 .
Wholesale deposits were $234.9 million and $249.9 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Wholesale deposits are partially fixed at a weighted average rate of 3.46% , which include s $235.0 million in pay-fixed/receive-floating interest rate swaps with a weighted average rate of 3.26%, to reduce funding costs. In addition, we are a member of the IntraFi Network (“IntraFi”), which gives us the ability to offer Certificates of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) and Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”) products to our customers who seek to maximize Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance protection. When a customer places a large deposit with us for IntraFi, funds are placed into certificates of deposit or other deposit products with other banks in the CDARS and ICS networks in increments of less than $250 thousand so that principal and interest are eligible for FDIC insurance protection. These deposits are part of our core deposit base. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $281.7 million and $269.7 million , respectively, in CDARS reciprocal and ICS reciprocal products.
As of September 30, 2025, the estimated amount of total uninsured deposits (including collateralized deposits) was $945.0 million, or 48%, of total deposits. The estimate of uninsured deposits generally represents the portion of deposit accounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 and is calculated based on the same methodologies and assumptions used for purposes of the Bank's regulatory reporting requirements. When excluding collateralized deposits, our estimate of uninsured deposits decreases to $745.8 million, or 38% of total deposits at September 30, 2025.

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The following table reports maturities of the estimated amount of uninsured certificates of deposit at September 30, 2025.
Certificates of Deposit Greater than $250,000
At September 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
Three months or less $ 37,854
Over three months through six months 58,532
Over six months through twelve months 41,896
Over twelve months 30,835
$ 169,117
Other borrowed funds, which are comprised of FHLB advances, wer e $50.0 million at each of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Subordinated debt, net of unamortized issuance costs, totaled $18.7 million at each of September 30, 2025 and at December 31, 2024. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we di d not have any federal funds purchased. Our FHLB advances have pay-fixed/receive-floating interest rate swaps to reduce our funding costs, and as such, the pay fixed rate of these FHLB advances was 3.60% at each of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Total wholesale funding (including wholesale deposits and FHLB advances) was $284.9 million and $299.9 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The decrease in wholesale funding was primarily a result of the aforementioned hedge unwind during the second quarter of 2025.
Capital Resources
Capital adequacy is an important measure of financial stability and performance. Our objectives are to maintain a level of capitalization that is sufficient to sustain asset growth and promote depositor and investor confidence.
Regulatory agencies measure capital adequacy utilizing a formula that takes into account the individual risk profile of the financial institution. The minimum capital requirements for the Bank are: (i) a Common Equity Tier 1 ("CET1") capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 6%; (iii) a total risk-based capital ratio of 8%; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. Additionally, a capital conservation buffer requirement of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress and is applicable to the Bank’s CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital ratios. Including the conservation buffer, we currently consider the Bank’s minimum capital ratios to be as follows: 7.00% for CET1; 8.50% for Tier 1 capital; and 10.50% for total capital. Banking institutions with a ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the minimum plus the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation.
We believe that the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Shareholders' equity at September 30, 2025 w as $249.8 million, an increase of $14.5 million, compa red to $235.4 million at December 31, 2024. Net income recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 contributed $16.4 million to the increase in sha reholders' equity. Accumulated other comprehensive loss decreased $2.6 million during t he nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily as a result of the increase in the market value of our investment securities portfo lio. During the second quarter of 2025, we repurchased 415,000 shares of our common stock at a total cost of $4.6 million. All of these shares have been canceled and returned to the status of authorized but unissued. No shares were repurchased during the third quarter of 2025.
Total shareholders' equity to total assets at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was 10.8% and 10.7%, respectively. Tangible book value per share (a non-GAAP financial measure which is defined in the table below) at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $13.41 and $12.52, re spectively.
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As noted above, regulatory capital levels for the Bank meets those established for "well capitalized" institutions. While we are currently considered "well capitalized," we may from time to time find it necessary to access the capital markets to meet our growth objectives or capitalize on specific business opportunities.
As the Company is a bank holding company with less than $3 billion in assets, and which does not (i) conduct significant off-balance sheet activities, (ii) engage in significant non-banking activities, or (iii) have a material amount of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), it is not currently subject to risk-based capital requirements adopted by the Federal Reserve, pursuant to the small bank holding company policy statement. The Federal Reserve has not historically deemed a bank holding company ineligible for application of the small bank holding company policy statement solely because its common stock is registered under the Exchange Act. There can be no assurance that the Federal Reserve will continue this practice.
On October 16, 2025, we announced a quarterly cash dividend of $0.06 per share of our common stock outstanding. The dividend is payable on November 17, 2025 to shareholders of record on October 27, 2025. Based on the current number of shares outstanding, the aggregate payment will be approximately $1.1 million.
The following tables shows the minimum capital requirements and the Bank's capital position at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Bank Capital Components
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Actual
Minimum Capital Requirement (1)
Minimum to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action
Amount Ratio Amount
Ratio
Amount Ratio
At September 30, 2025
Total risk-based capital $ 292,092 15.77 % $ 194,444 > 10.50 % $ 185,185 > 10.00 %
Tier 1 risk-based capital 273,647 14.78 % 157,407 > 8.50 % 148,148 > 8.00 %
Common equity tier 1 capital 273,647 14.78 % 129,630 > 7.00 % 120,370 > 6.50 %
Leverage capital ratio 273,647 12.13 % 90,203 > 4.00 % 112,753 > 5.00 %
At December 31, 2024
Total risk-based capital $ 277,248 14.73 % $ 197,582 > 10.50 % $ 188,174 > 10.00 %
Tier 1 risk-based capital 258,608 13.74 % 159,948 > 8.50 % 150,539 > 8.00 %
Common equity tier 1 capital 258,608 13.74 % 131,722 > 7.00 % 122,313 > 6.50 %
Leverage capital ratio 258,608 11.74 % 88,115 > 4.00 % 110,144 > 5.00 %
________________________
(1). Includes capital conservation buffer.

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Reconciliation of Book Value (GAAP) to Tangible Book Value (non-GAAP)
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2025 2024
Total stockholders' equity (GAAP) $ 249,804 $ 235,354
Less: goodwill and intangibles, net (7,322) (7,420)
Tangible Common Equity (non-GAAP) $ 242,482 $ 227,934
Book value per common share (GAAP) $ 13.82 $ 12.93
Less: intangible book value per common share (0.41) (0.41)
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP) $ 13.41 $ 12.52
Liquidity
Liquidity in the banking industry is defined as the ability to meet the demand for funds of both depositors and borrowers. We must be able to meet these needs by obtaining funding from depositors or other lenders or by converting non-cash items into cash. The objective of our liquidity management program is to ensure that we always have sufficient resources to meet the demands of our depositors and borrowers. Stable core deposits and a strong capital position provide the base for our liquidity position. We believe we have demonstrated our ability to attract deposits because of our convenient branch locations, personal service, technology and pricing. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , estimated uninsured deposits (excluding collateralized deposits) for the Bank were 38% and 31% of total deposits, respectively .
In addition to deposits, we have access to the various wholesale funding markets. These markets include the brokered certificate of deposit market and the federal funds market. We are a member of the IntraFi Network, which allows banking customers to access FDIC insurance protection on deposits through the Bank which exceed FDIC insurance limits. As part of our membership with the IntraFi Network, we have one-way authority for both their CDARs and ICS products which provides the Bank the ability to access additional wholesale funding as needed. We also maintain secured lines of credit with the FRB and the FHLB for which we can borrow up to the allowable amount for the collateral pledged. Having diverse funding alternatives reduces our reliance on any one source for funding.
Liquid assets, which include cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and investment securities available for sale, totaled $385.8 million at September 30, 2025, or 17% o f total ass ets, an increase from $247.4 million, or 11% of total assets, at December 31, 2024. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, investment securities available -for-sale that were pledged as collateral for municipal deposits total ed $19.7 million a nd $55.1 million, re spectively.
Cash flow from amortizing assets or maturing assets also provides funding to meet the needs of depositors and borrowers.
Secondary Liquidity Available and In Use
At September 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions)
Liquidity in Use Liquidity Available
FHLB secured borrowings (1)
$ 130,000 $ 476,313
FRB discount window secured borrowings (2)
— 224,974
Unsecured federal fund purchase lines — 209,196
Total $ 130,000 $ 910,483
________________________
(1) The Bank has pledged a portion of the commercial real estate and residential loan portfolio to the FHLB to obtain a letter of credit to secure public funds in addition to the collateral in use             for FHLB advances.
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(2) The Bank has pledged a portion of the commercial and industrial loan portfolio to the FRB to secure the line of the credit.
We have established a formal liquidity contingency plan which establishes a liquidity management team and provides guidelines for liquidity management. For our liquidity management program, we first determine our current liquidity position and then forecast liquidity based on anticipated changes in the balance sheet. In this forecast, we expect to maintain a liquidity cushion. We also stress test our liquidity position under several different stress scenarios, from moderate to severe. Guidelines for the forecasted liquidity cushion and for liquidity cushions for each stress scenario have been established. We believe that we have sufficient resources to meet our liquidity needs.
Liquidity is essential to our business. Our liquidity could be impaired by an inability to access the capital markets or by unforeseen outflows of cash, including deposits. This situation may arise due to circumstances that we may be unable to control, such as general market disruption, negative views about the financial services industry generally, or an operational problem that affects a third party or us. Our ability to borrow from other financial institutions on favorable terms or at all could be adversely affected by disruptions in the capital markets or other events. While we believe we have a healthy liquidity position and do not anticipate the loss of deposits of any of the significant deposit customers, any of the factors discussed above could materially impact our liquidity position in the future.
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Other Contingencies
We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet.
The Bank’s maximum exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. We evaluate each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis and require collateral to support financial instruments when deemed necessary. The amount of collateral obtained upon extension of credit is based on our evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies but may include deposits held by us, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income-producing commercial properties.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates of up to one year or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. These instruments represent obligations to extend credit or guarantee borrowings and are not recorded on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The rates and terms of these instruments are competitive with others in the market in which we do business.
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing customers. Those lines of credit may not be drawn upon to the total extent to which we have committed.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments we issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. We hold certificates of deposit, deposit accounts, and real estate as collateral supporting those commitments for which collateral is deemed necessary.
With the exception of these off-balance sheet arrangements, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, changes in financial condition, revenue, expenses, capital expenditures, or capital resources, that is material to our business.
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, unused commitments to fund loans and lines of credit totaled $356.5 million and $196.7 million, respectively. Commercial and standby letters of credit totaled $9.5 million at September 30, 2025 and $25.2 million at December 31, 2024. We record a reserve for unfunded commitments based on an estimate of future draws and applying our expected loss rates on those draws. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our reserve for unfunded commitments totaled $502 thousand and $510 thousand, respectively.
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We provide banking services to customers that are licensed to do business in the cannabis industry, primarily in Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia. These customers include multi-state operators, fully integrated state-wide operators, independent dispensary/cultivation licensees, as well as provisional cannabis licensees. We maintain stringent written policies and procedures related to the on-boarding of such businesses and to the monitoring and maintenance of such business accounts.
In accordance with federal regulatory guidance and industry best practices, our cannabis banking business is conducted through a comprehensive, defined, and multi-department process, which includes extensive compliance and onboarding due diligence with subsequent involvement by bank experts in cannabis in our operations, branch, treasury management, lending, and credit departments. We perform a multilayered due diligence review of a cannabis business before the business is on-boarded, including site visits and confirmation that the business is properly licensed by the state in which it is conducting business. Throughout the relationship, we continue to monitor the business, including additional site visits, to ensure that the cannabis business continues to meet strict requirements, including maintenance of required licenses. We perform periodic financial reviews of the business and monitor the business in accordance with the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 and other state requirements.
While we are providing banking services to customers that are engaged in growing, processing, and sales of both medical and adult use cannabis in a manner that complies with applicable state law, such customers engaged in those activities currently violate federal law. While we are not aware of any instance of a federally-insured financial institution being subject to such liability, the strict enforcement of federal laws regarding cannabis could result in our inability to continue to provide banking services to these customers and we could have legal action taken against us by the federal government. There is an uncertainty of the potential impact to our consolidated financial statements if the federal government should take action against us. As of September 30, 2025 , we have not accrued an amount for the potential impact of any such actions.
The following is a summary of the level of business activities with our cannabis customers: Deposit and loan balances at September 30, 2025 were approximat ely $127.0 million, or 6.4% of total deposits, and $151.6 million, or 8% of total loans, respectively. Deposit and loan balances at December 31, 2024 were approximately $100.0 million, or 5% of total deposits, and $108.3 million, or 6% of total loans, respectively.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not required.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer. Based on and as of the date of such evaluation, these officers concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
The Company also maintains a system of internal accounting controls that is designed to provide assurance that assets are safeguarded and that transactions are executed in accordance with management’s authorization and are properly recorded. This system is continually reviewed and is augmented by written policies and procedures, the careful selection and training of qualified personnel, and an internal audit program to monitor its effectiveness. There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of our operations, we become party to various legal proceedings. Currently, we are not party to any material legal proceedings, and no such proceedings are, to management’s knowledge, threatened against us.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have bee n no material changes in the risk factors from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) Not applicable.
(b) Not applicable.
(c) On March 20, 2025, we publicly announced that the Company's Board of Directors had renewed the share repurchase program (the "Repurchase Program") that was initiated in 2020. Under the renewed Repurchase Program, we may purchase up to 1,300,000 shares of our common stock, or approximately 7% of our outstanding shares of common stock at December 31, 2024. The Repurchase Program will expire on March 31, 2026, subject to earlier termination of the program by the Board of Directors.
No shares were repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2025 .

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
(a) None.
(b) None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.

Item 5. Other Information
(a) None.
(b) None.

(c) During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act, adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).
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Item 6. Exhibits
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101
The following materials from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), include: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Condition, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, and (vi) related notes.
104
The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (included with Exhibit 101).




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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

FVCBankcorp, Inc.
(Registrant)
Date: November 12, 2025
/s/ David W. Pijor
David W. Pijor
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 12, 2025
/s/ Jennifer L. Deacon
Jennifer L. Deacon
Sr. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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