GNSS 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2017

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017

or

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 000-24248

LRAD CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(858) 676-1112

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒ Yes     ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    ☒ Yes    ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer,  smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ☐ Yes  ☒ No

The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, outstanding on April 26, 2017 was 31,800,103.

LRAD Corporation

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying notes

LRAD Corporation

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes

LRAD Corporation

See accompanying notes

LRAD Corporation

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes

LRAD Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. OPERATIONS

LRAD ^® Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), is engaged in the design, development and commercialization of directed and omnidirectional sound technologies and products. The Company sells its proprietary sound reproduction technologies and products in markets around the world.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

General

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In management’s opinion, the accompanying statements reflect adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for those periods indicated, and contain adequate disclosure to make the information presented not misleading. Adjustments included herein are of a normal, recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed in the footnotes. The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended September 30, 2016 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on December 7, 2016. The accompanying condensed balance sheet at September 30, 2016 has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2016, contained in the above referenced Form 10-K. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for a full year.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company has a currently inactive wholly owned subsidiary, LRAD International Corporation, which the Company formed to conduct international marketing, sales and distribution activities. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of this subsidiary after elimination of intercompany transactions and accounts.

Reclassifications

Where necessary, the prior year’s information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

3. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . This guidance changes how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. Among other things, under the new guidance, companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in-capital (“APIC”), but will instead record such items as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, and APIC pools will be eliminated. Companies will apply this guidance prospectively. Another component of the new guidance allows companies to make an accounting policy election for the impact of forfeitures on the recognition of expense for share-based payment awards, whereby forfeitures can be estimated, as required today, or recognized when they occur. If elected, the change to recognize forfeitures when they occur needs to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. All of the guidance will be effective for the Company in the fiscal year beginning October 1, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, if any, on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) , which issued new guidance related to leases that outlines a comprehensive lease accounting model and supersedes the current lease guidance. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets for all leases with lease terms of greater than 12 months. It also changes the definition of a lease and expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. The new guidance must be adopted using the modified retrospective approach and will be effective for the Company in the fiscal year beginning October 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, if any, on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory . The guidance requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation, rather than the lower of cost or market in the previous guidance. This amendment applies to inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out (FIFO). This amendment is effective for the Company in the fiscal year beginning October 1, 2017. A reporting entity should apply the amendments prospectively with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, if any, on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles when it becomes effective. Recently, FASB has issued guidance clarifying certain topics such as (i) gross versus net revenue reporting, (ii) identifying performance obligations and licensing and (iii) accounting for shipping and handling fees and costs and accounting for consideration given by a vendor to a customer. The standard will be effective for the Company in the fiscal year beginning October 1, 2018, with an option to adopt the standard for the fiscal year beginning October 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating this standard and has not yet selected a transition method or the effective date on which it plans to adopt the standard, nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its financial statements and related disclosures.

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash equivalents, short and long-term marketable securities, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received in an asset sale or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between unaffiliated market participants. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether or not the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial instruments within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy is prioritized into three levels (with Level 3 being the lowest) defined as follows:

Level 1:     Inputs are based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date.

Level 2:     Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and/or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active near the measurement date.

Level 3:     Inputs include management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instrument’s valuation.

The fair value of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities was determined based on Level 1 and Level 2 inputs. The Company did not have any marketable securities in the Level 3 category as of March 31, 2017 or September 30, 2016. The Company believes that the recorded values of its other financial instruments approximate their current fair values because of their nature and respective relatively short maturity dates or durations.

Instruments Measured at Fair Value

The following tables present the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities’ costs, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value by major security type recorded as cash equivalents or short-term or long-term marketable securities as of March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016.

5. INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following:

6 . PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

7 . ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER LIABILITIES—NONCURRENT

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:

Payroll and related

Payroll and related consists primarily of accrued vacation, bonus, sales commissions, and benefits.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists primarily of prepayments from customers in advance of product shipment.

Warranty Reserve

Changes in the warranty reserve and extended warranty were as follows:

Accrued contract costs

We have contracted with a third party service provider to administer the required services under the terms of a repair and maintenance agreement with a foreign military. This payment is made in arrears for each contract year ended March 26.

8. INCOME TAXES

At March 31, 2017, the Company had federal net operating losses (“NOLs”) and related state NOLs. The Company released $188,000 and $8,339,000 of its valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets during the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as it determined that it was more likely than not that those assets would be realized. The Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance of $12,109,000 at March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016 as the Company believes that the negative evidence that it will be able to recover these net deferred tax assets outweighs the positive evidence.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $317,243 and $856,106, reflecting effective tax rates of 38.1% and 45.0% for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The tax benefit recorded in these two periods is related to the Company’s losses for those periods and the determination that a valuation allowance is not required on the benefit related to those losses.

Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 740, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes , requires the Company to recognize in its consolidated financial statements uncertainties in tax positions taken that may not be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. If interest or penalties are assessed, the Company would recognize these charges as income tax expense. The Company has not recorded any income tax expense or benefit for uncertain tax positions.

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

The Company may at times be involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business. The Company will, from time to time, when appropriate in management’s estimation, record adequate reserves in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for pending litigation. Currently, there are no pending material legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or to which any of its property is subject.

Bonus Plan

The Company has an incentive bonus plan for fiscal year 2017 designed to motivate its employees to achieve the Company’s financial objectives. All of the Company’s employees are entitled to participate in the incentive plan. Target Bonus Amounts (“Target”) vary based on a percentage of the employee’s base salary which range from 10% to 75% of base salary and a bonus payment may be made at three levels, including at 50% of Target, at 100% of Target and at 200% of Target, depending upon the achievement by the Company of specified performance goals. Performance targets include certain fiscal 2017 metrics, including bookings, net revenues, operating income and operating cash flow, depending on the employee’s position. Included in such calculation is the cost of the incentive plan. During the six months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company accrued $379,080 and $0, respectively, for bonuses and related payroll tax expenses in connection with the bonus plans.

10. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS AND AWARDS

Stock Option Plans

At March 31, 2017, the Company had two equity incentive plans. The 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (“2005 Equity Plan”) was terminated with respect to new grants in March 2015, but remains in effect for grants issued prior to that time. The Amended and Restated 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (“2015 Equity Plan”) was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on December 6, 2016 and by the Company’s stockholders on March 14, 2017. The 2015 Equity Plan authorizes for issuance as stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and performance awards, an aggregate of 5,000,000 new shares of common stock to employees, directors, advisors or consultants. At March 31, 2017, there were options and awards outstanding covering 2,477,502 and 2,629,500 shares of common stock under the 2005 Equity Plan and 2015 Equity Plan, respectively.

Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes information about stock option activity during the six months ended March 31, 2017:

Options outstanding are exercisable at prices ranging from $0.93 to $3.17 and expire over the period from 2018 to 2024 with an average life of 4.4 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2017 was $62,460 and $59,379, respectively.

During the six months ended March 31, 2017, the Company incurred non-cash share-based compensation expense of $307,324 resulting from the modification of stock options in accordance with a Separation Agreement and General Release related to the June 30, 2016 departure of the Company’s prior chief executive officer (“CEO”). As per the agreement, all unvested options became fully vested on December 31, 2016 and shall remain exercisable for a period of 24 months following the December 31, 2016 separation date as defined in the agreement. The expense is measured as the excess of the fair value of the modified awards over the fair value of the original awards immediately before its terms are modified as per ASC 718-20-35.

Performance-Based Stock Options

On August 1, 2016, the Company awarded a performance-based stock option (PVO) to purchase 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to a key executive, with a contractual term of seven years. Vesting is based upon the achievement of certain performance criteria for each of fiscal 2019 and 2020 (375,000 shares for each year) including minimum free cash flow margin and net revenue targets at four different target levels for each of the years. Additionally, vesting is subject to the executive being employed by the Company at the time the Company achieves such financial targets.

The Company has made the assumption that the lowest performance target level for each of the years will be met, and therefore assumed that 187,500 shares of the PVO would vest. The weighted average grant date fair value for the PVO was $0.81 per share, which was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Non-cash share-based compensation expense related to this award is recognized on a straight line basis and was $4,774 for the year ended September 30, 2016. The Company will continue to review these targets each quarter and will adjust the expected outcome as needed, recognizing compensation expense cumulatively in such period for the difference in expense.

Stock Grants

During the quarter ended December 31, 2016, the Board of Directors approved the grant of 25,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to each of our non-employee directors, subject to stockholder approval of the Amended and Restated 2015 Equity Incentive Plan at the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. These RSUs were granted as replacements for 20,000 stock options that would have been granted on the date of the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and will vest on the first anniversary of the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is May 17, 2017. As a result of the stockholders approval of the Amended and Restated 2015 Equity Incentive Plan at the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on March 14, 2017, the RSUs previously granted were made effective at a market value of $197,500. These RSUs will be expensed on a straight line basis through the May 17, 2017 vest date.

On March 14, 2017, the Board of Directors approved an additional grant of 25,000 RSUs to each of our non-employee directors that will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date. These were also issued at a market value of $197,500, which will be expensed on a straight line basis through the March 14, 2018 vest date.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company recorded share-based compensation expense and classified it in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:

The employee stock options granted in the six months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 had a weighted-average estimated fair value of $0.71 per share and $0.62 per share, respectively, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions (annualized percentages):

The Company declared a dividend for the quarter ended December 31, 2015, which reflects a dividend yield assumption based on the expected annual yield, but the dividend was discontinued prior to the quarter ended December 31, 2016. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the period commensurate with the expected life of the options. The risk-free interest rate is based on rates published by the Federal Reserve Board. The expected life is based on observed and expected time to post-vesting exercise. The expected forfeiture rate is based on past experience and employee retention data. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of the grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates or if the Company updates its estimated forfeiture rate. Such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period in which the estimate is changed.

Since the Company has a NOL carryforward as of March 31, 2017, no excess tax benefit for the tax deductions related to share-based awards was recognized for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. As of March 31, 2017, there was approximately $1,100,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based employee compensation arrangements, including stock options and RSUs. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.

11. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Summary

The following table summarizes changes in the components of stockholders’ equity during the six months ended March 31, 2017:

Share Buyback Program

The Board of Directors approved a share buyback program in 2015 under which the Company was authorized to repurchase up to $4 million of its outstanding common shares. This program expired on December 31, 2016 and in December 2016, the Board extended the program through December 31, 2017. There were no shares repurchased during the six months ended March 31, 2017. During the six months ended March 31, 2016, 1,099,608 shares were repurchased for $1,748,456 under these two programs.

Dividends

On December 3, 2015, the Company announced a cash dividend of $0.01 per share on the Company’s common stock, payable on January 29, 2016 to stockholders of record on January 15, 2016, and on February 4, 2016, the Company announced a cash dividend of $0.01 per share on the Company’s common stock, payable on March 30, 2016 to stockholders of record on March 15, 2016. Dividends charged to retained earnings in the three and six months ended March 31, 2016 were $317,988 and $636,661, respectively. There were no dividends declared in the six months ended March 31, 2017.

12. INCOME ( L OSS ) PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share:

13. MAJOR CUSTOMERS

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, revenues from two customers accounted for 23% and 11% of total revenues, and for the six months ended March 31, 2017, revenues from two customers accounted for 15% and 10% of total revenues, with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of revenues. At March 31, 2017, accounts receivable from three customers accounted for 41%, 24% and 14% of total accounts receivable, respectively, with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016, revenues from one customer accounted for 20% of total revenues, and for the six months ended March 31, 2016, revenues from one customer accounted for 11% of total revenues, with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of revenues. At March 31, 2016, accounts receivable from three customers accounted for 32%, 11% and 10% of total accounts receivable, respectively, with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance.

The following table summarizes revenues by geographic region. Revenues are attributed to countries based on customer's delivery location.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The discussion and analysis set forth below should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, together with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2016.

Forward Looking Statements

This report contains certain statements of a forward-looking nature relating to future events or future performance. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the only means of identifying forward-looking statements. Prospective investors are cautioned that such statements are only predictions and actual events or results may differ materially. In evaluating such statements, prospective investors should specifically consider various factors identified in this report and any matters set forth under Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements.

Overview

Our Company develops and delivers highly intelligible, directed Long Range Acoustic Devices ^® (“LRAD ^® ”) that beam, focus and control sound over short and long distances. By placing sound only where needed, we not only enhance many typical speaker applications, but we offer novel sound applications that conventional speakers cannot achieve.

Our LRAD-X ^® product line offers a variety of directed sound products, which use focused acoustic output to clearly transmit critical information, instructions and warnings over long distances. The LRAD-X product line features clear voice intelligibility and meets the military’s stringent environmental requirements in a number of packages and form factors, from our hand held LRAD 100X to our LRAD 2000X unit, which communicates up to 5,500 meters. Through the use of powerful voice commands, prerecorded messages in multiple languages, and warning tones, our LRAD-X products are designed to create large safety zones while determining the intent and influencing the behavior of security threats. We continue to expand our LRAD-X product line to provide a complete range of systems and accessories, including a new, patent pending XL speaker technology introduced in 2014, which generates higher audio output in a smaller and lighter form factor, and has been incorporated in several new products in recent years. Our products are designed to meet a broad range of diverse applications including fixed and mobile military deployments, maritime security, critical infrastructure and perimeter security, commercial security, border and homeland security, law enforcement and emergency responder communications, asset protection and wildlife preservation and control. Our LRAD-X products have been competitively selected over other commercially available systems by the United States military and by several international militaries.

Building on the success of our LRAD-X directional technology, in 2012 we launched our first omnidirectional product, the LRAD 360X. Unlike standard siren systems in the market, the LRAD 360X is designed with the same highly intelligible voice clarity, and the ability to communicate and alert over long distances, as in our directional products. Since the LRAD 360X product launch, we have expanded our ONE VOICE ^® omnidirectional product line to include various size offerings, a 60-degree unit, a mobile trailer-mounted system, and various configurations of amplifiers, power sources, software and other products to provide a more fully integrated mass notification solution for municipalities, military bases, airports, college/business campuses, etc. We expect that the ONE VOICE product line will allow us to expand our business opportunities into the large and growing worldwide emergency warning and mass notification market. Through increased focus and investment in domestic and international sales and marketing activities, we have pioneered a new global market, selling our directional LRAD-X long-range acoustic hailing devices (“AHDs”) and advanced ONE VOICE omnidirectional mass notification systems into over 70 countries.

Revenues in the second fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017, were $5.7 million, a 59% increase over $3.6 million in the second fiscal quarter of 2016. The increase in revenues was driven by a $1.5 million increase in mass notification revenues, primarily due to the shipment of a $1.3 million mobile mass notification systems order for a large oil and gas company in Eurasia for public address, emergency communication and early warning, $412,000 of follow-on orders for tsunami warning installations in Japan, and several other international and U.S. mass notification shipments. International shipments represented 84% of revenues and included large orders for a bird deterrent application in Canada, public safety in Asia and a Latin American Navy. Based on the timing of budget cycles, as well as financial issues and military conflicts in certain areas of the world, delays in awarding contracts often occur, resulting in uneven quarterly revenues. As a result of the U.S. presidential election, U.S. defense spending may increase, although it is too early to determine the new administration’s budget priorities. Demand for our products remains strong and we continue to build awareness and interest in our LRAD-X and ONE VOICE mass notification products throughout the world. On a quarter over quarter basis, our revenues are expected to remain uneven. Gross profit increased compared to the same quarter in the prior year due to the increase in shipments and the resulting higher fixed overhead absorption. Operating expenses decreased by 13% from $2.9 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2016 to $2.5 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2017, primarily due to one-time expenses of $835,772 in the prior year related to our response to and settlement of a proxy contest initiated by one of our stockholders, and separation costs related to the departure of the Company’s prior chief executive officer. This decrease was partially offset by an increase of $240,731 for sales commissions, $173,956 for bonus accrual based on the Company’s expectation for meeting current year financial goals, and other increases. We reported an increase of $715,796 for income tax provision and net income of $298,350 for the quarter, or $0.01 per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $664,663, or $0.02 per share for the same quarter in the prior year.

Overall Business Outlook

Our product line-up continues to gain worldwide awareness and recognition through media exposure, trade show participations, product demonstrations and word of mouth as a result of positive responses and increased acceptance of our products. We believe we have a solid global brand, technology and product foundation with our LRAD-X directed product line, which we have expanded over the years to service new markets and customers for greater business growth.  We have launched a line of omnidirectional products targeted to meet the needs of the large and growing mass notification market, which we continue to expand to incorporate a more fully integrated solution. We believe that we have strong market opportunities for our directional and omnidirectional product offerings within the global government and military sector, as well as increasing commercial applications as a result of continued threats to governments, commerce and law enforcement, and in wildlife preservation and control applications. We intend to continue expanding our international mass notification business, particularly in the Middle East, Europe and Asia where we believe there are greater market opportunities for our omnidirectional products. Our selling network has expanded through the addition of sales consultants as well as continuing to improve and increase our relationships with key integrators and sales representatives within the U.S. and in a number of worldwide locations. However, we may continue to face challenges in fiscal 2017 due to continuing economic and geopolitical conditions in some international regions. We anticipate that the new U.S. government administration will support U.S. Military spending, which we believe could benefit us, although there is uncertainty as to priorities and timing. We continue to pursue large business opportunities, but it is difficult to anticipate how long it will take to close these opportunities, or if they will ever ultimately come to fruition. It is also difficult to determine whether our omnidirectional product will be accepted as a viable solution in the mass notification market, which includes a number of large, well-known competitors.

Critical Accounting Policies

We have identified a number of accounting policies as critical to our business operations and the understanding of our results of operations. These are described in our consolidated financial statements located in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2016. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations is discussed below and throughout Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations when such policies affect our reported and expected financial results.

The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our accounting policies, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S., have a significant impact on the results we report in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The estimates affect the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016

Revenues

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated certain items of our condensed consolidated statements of operations expressed in dollars and as a percentage of net revenues. The financial information and the discussion below should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes contained in this report.

Revenues increased in the current quarter compared to the same period in the prior year due to a 270% increase in U.S. and international mass notification revenues. Mass notification shipments included a $1.3 million mobile mass notification order for an oil and gas application in Eurasia, a systems delivery to a large U.S. maritime port, and several shipments for tsunami warning systems in Japan. International shipments represented 84% of revenues and included large orders for a bird deterrent application in Canada, public safety in Asia and a Latin American Navy. The receipt of orders will often be uneven due to the timing of approvals or budgets. At March 31, 2017, we had aggregate deferred revenue of $412,049 for prepayments from customers in advance of product shipment.

Gross Profit

The increase in gross profit in the quarter was primarily due to increased volume, as well as favorable margins due to product mix.

Our products have varying gross margins, so product mix may affect gross profits. In addition, our margins vary based on the sales channels through which our products are sold in a given period. We continue to implement product updates and changes, including raw material and component changes that may impact product costs. With such product updates and changes we have limited warranty cost experience and estimated future warranty costs can impact our gross margins. We do not believe that historical gross profit margins should be relied upon as an indicator of future gross profit margins.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased due to one-time expenses of $835,772 in the prior year related to our response to and settlement of a proxy contest initiated by one of our stockholders, and separation costs related to the departure of the Company’s prior chief executive officer. This reduction was partially offset by an increase of $240,731 for sales commissions, $127,150 for bonus accrual, $25,979 for salaries, benefits and consultants, and $58,263 of other expense.

We incurred non-cash share-based compensation expenses allocated to selling, general and administrative expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 of $148,600 and $128,405, respectively.

We may expend additional resources on the marketing and selling of our products in future periods as we identify ways to optimize revenue opportunities. Commission expenses will fluctuate based on the nature of our sales.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased compared to the prior year primarily due to $46,806 for bonus accrual, $17,792 for product development and testing expense, and $11,382 of other expenses, partially offset by a $68,376 reduction for salary and benefits.

Included in research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $22,928 and $25,811 of non-cash share-based compensation costs, respectively.

Research and development costs vary period to period due to the timing of projects, and the timing and extent of outside consulting, design and development firms use. We continually improve our product offerings and we expect to continue to expand our product line in 2017 with new products, customizations and enhancements. Based on current plans, we may expend additional resources on research and development in the current year compared to the prior year.

Net Income

The improvement to net income was primarily due to the increase in revenue and gross margin, and decrease in operating expenses, partially offset by an increase in income tax expense. We recognized income tax expense of $169,285 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared to an income tax benefit of $546,511 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016

Revenues

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated certain items of our condensed consolidated statements of operations expressed in dollars and as a percentage of net revenues. The financial information and the discussion below should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes contained in this report.

The 35% increase in year to date revenues is primarily due to a 233% increase in mass notification revenues, which included a $1.3 million mobile mass notification order for an oil and gas application in Eurasia. We delivered orders for both outside and indoor tsunami warning applications, power plant security, U.S. Navy communication on carriers and amphibious ships, a U.S. maritime port, and several smaller mass notification installations. International shipments represented 72% of year to date revenues and included several large orders including a bird deterrent application in Canada, public safety in Asia and a Latin American Navy. U.S. revenues were also strong with an LRAD 1000RX order for perimeter safety and security for utility infrastructure, a U.S. Navy spares order and a U.S. Marine Corps order. The receipt of orders will often be uneven due to the timing of approvals or budgets. At March 31, 2017, we had aggregate deferred revenue of $412,049 for prepayments from customers in advance of product shipment.

Gross Profit

The increase in gross profit in the six months ended March 31, 2017 was due to increased sales volume and lower expenses related to an annual maintenance contract, partially offset by an increase in warranty reserve as a result of the higher revenue, and an increase in manufacturing overhead expenses, primarily due to increased salaries, benefits and bonus accrual.

Our products have varying gross margins, so product mix may affect gross profits. In addition, our margins vary based on the sales channels through which our products are sold in a given period. We continue to implement product updates and changes, including raw material and component changes that may impact product costs. With such product updates and changes we have limited warranty cost experience and estimated future warranty costs can impact our gross margins. We do not believe that historical gross profit margins should be relied upon as an indicator of future gross profit margins.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses is primarily due to $337,737 for non-cash share-based compensation expenses, primarily due to non-recurring expense for separation costs related to the departure of the Company’s prior chief executive officer, $253,743 for bonus accrual, $226,963 for sales commission, $37,377 for salaries, benefits and consulting expense for business development, $29,730 for marketing and trade shows, and $72,916 of other expense, partially offset by one-time expenses of $835,772 in the prior year related to our response to and settlement of a proxy contest initiated by one of our stockholders, and separation costs related to the departure of the Company’s prior chief executive officer.

We incurred non-cash share-based compensation expenses allocated to selling, general and administrative expenses in the six months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 of $584,097 and $246,360, respectively.

We may expend additional resources on the marketing and selling of our products in future periods as we identify ways to optimize potential opportunities. Commission expenses will fluctuate based on the nature of our sales.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased compared to the prior year primarily due to $89,801 for bonus accrual and $16,227 of other increases, offset by a decrease of $72,215 for salaries and benefits.

Included in research and development expenses for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $46,303 and $50,159 of non-cash share-based compensation costs, respectively.

Research and development costs vary period to period due to the timing of projects, and the timing and extent of outside consulting, design and development firms use. We continually improve our product offerings and we expect to continue to expand our product line in 2017 with new products, customizations and enhancements. Based on current plans, we may expend additional resources on research and development in the current year compared to the prior year.

Net Loss

The decrease in net loss was primarily due to the increase in revenue and gross margin, partially offset by a 3% increase in operating expenses and a decrease in income tax benefit. We recognized an income tax benefit of $317,243 and $856,106 for the six months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2017 was $14,563,812, compared to $13,466,711 at September 30, 2016, primarily as a result of cash generated from operations. Other than cash and expected future cash flows from operating activities in subsequent periods, we have no unused sources of liquidity at this time.

Principal factors that could affect our liquidity include:

Principal factors that could affect our ability to obtain cash from external sources include:

Based on our current cash position, and assuming currently planned expenditures and level of operations, we believe we have sufficient capital to fund operations for the next twelve months. However, we operate in a rapidly evolving and unpredictable business environment that may change the timing or amount of expected future cash receipts and expenditures. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we may not be required to raise additional funds through the sale of equity or debt securities or from credit facilities. Additional capital, if needed, may not be available on satisfactory terms, or at all.

Cash Flows

Our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the consolidated statements of cash flows, are summarized in the table below: