HRTG 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2023

HERITAGE INSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

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10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number

001-36462

Heritage Insurance Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

       
          Delaware

       
          45-5338504

       
        (State of Incorporation)

       
        (IRS Employer
       
        Identification No.)

1401 N. Westshore Blvd

Tampa , FL 33607

(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)

( 727 ) 362-7200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	HRTG	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒	Emerging growth company	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding on November 1, 2023 was 39,015,533 .

HERITAGE INSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 Unaudited Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets: September 30, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2022		2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income: Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)		3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity: Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)		4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)		6
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		8
Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		26
Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		38
Item 4 Controls and Procedures		38
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 Legal Proceedings		39
Item 1A Risk Factors		39
Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		39
Item 5 Other Information		39
Item 6 Exhibits		39
Signatures		40

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) or in documents incorporated by reference that are not historical facts are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding: (i) our core strategy and ability to fully execute our business plan; (ii) our growth, including by geographic expansion, new lines of business, additional policies and new products and services, competitive strengths, proprietary capabilities, processes and new technology, results of operations and liquidity; (iii) strategic initiatives and their impact on shareholder value; (iv) projections, predictions, expectations, estimates or forecasts as to our business, financial and operational results and future economic performance; (v) statements of management’s goals and objectives, including intentions to pursue certain business and the handling of certain claims; (vi) projections of revenue, earnings, capital structure, reserves and other financial items; (vii) assumptions underlying our critical accounting policies and estimates; (viii) assumptions underlying statements regarding us and our business; (ix) statements regarding the impact of legislation; (x) expectations regarding claims and related expenses, and our reinsurers’ obligations; (xi) beliefs regarding pending legal proceedings and their effect on our financial position; and (xii) other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ. A detailed discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is included throughout this filing and particularly in Item 1A: "Risk Factors" set forth in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” set forth in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to revise or publicly release any revision to any such forward-looking statement, except as may otherwise be required by law.

These statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the industry and market in which we operate, and management’s beliefs and assumptions. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “estimate,” or “continue” or the negative variations thereof or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. The risks and uncertainties include, without limitation:

•

the possibility that actual losses may exceed reserves, which are based on estimates;

•

the concentration of our business in coastal states, which could be impacted by hurricane losses or other significant weather-related events such as northeastern winter storms;

•

our exposure to catastrophic weather events;

•

our failure to adequately assess and price the risks we underwrite;

•

the fluctuation in our results of operations, including as a result of factors outside of our control;

•

increased costs of reinsurance, non-availability of reinsurance, non-collectability of reinsurance and our ability to obtain reinsurance on terms and at a cost acceptable to us;

•

inherent uncertainty of our models and our reliance on such models as a tool to evaluate risk;

•

increased competition, competitive pressures, industry developments and market conditions;

•

continued and increased impact of abusive and unwarranted claims;

•

our inability to effectively manage our growth and integrate acquired companies;

•

our failure to execute our diversification strategy;

•

our reliance on independent agents to write insurance policies for us on a voluntary basis and our ability to attract and retain agents;

•

the failure of our claims department to effectively manage or remediate claims;

•

the failure of policy renewals to meet our expectations;

•

our inability to maintain our financial stability rating;

•

our ability to access sufficient liquidity or obtain additional financing to fund our operations and expand our business;

•

our inability to generate investment income;

•

effects of emerging claim and coverage issues relating to legal, judicial, environmental and social conditions;

•

the failure of our risk mitigation strategies or loss limitation methods;

•

lack of effectiveness of exclusions and loss limitation methods in the insurance policies we assume or write;

•

the regulation of our insurance operations;

•

changes in regulations and our failure to meet increased regulatory requirements, including minimum capital and surplus requirements;

•

climate change, health crisis, severe weather conditions and other catastrophe events;

•

litigation or regulatory actions;

•

regulation limiting rate increases or that require us to participate in loss sharing or assessments;

•

the terms of our indebtedness, including restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business, and our inability to comply with the financial and other covenants of our debt facilities;

•

our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;

•

certain characteristics of our common stock;

•

failure of our information technology systems or those of our key service providers and unsuccessful development and implementation of new technologies, which may require further capital expenditures;

•

a lack of redundancy in our operations; and

•

our failure to attract and retain qualified employees and independent agents or our loss of key personnel.

Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrences of anticipated events. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Consequently, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

PART I – F INANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 – Financ ial Statements

HERITAGE INSU RANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Amounts in thousands, except per share and share amounts)


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
ASSETS	(unaudited)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $ 716,447 and $ 705,548 )	$	651,520		$	635,572
Equity securities, at fair value, (cost $ 1,739 and $ 1,514 )		1,739			1,514
Other investments, net		11,745			16,484
Total investments		665,004			653,570
Cash and cash equivalents		228,848			280,881
Restricted cash		9,733			6,691
Accrued investment income		3,725			3,817
Premiums receivable, net		80,256			92,749
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid claims, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 197 and $ 45		727,435			805,059
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		403,684			306,977
Income tax receivable		14,872			12,118
Deferred income tax asset, net		16,092			16,841
Deferred policy acquisition costs, net		104,098			99,617
Property and equipment, net		32,418			25,729
Right-of-use lease asset, finance		18,214			20,132
Right-of-use lease asset, operating		7,166			7,335
Intangibles, net		44,101			49,575
Other assets		13,060			11,509
Total Assets	$	2,368,706		$	2,392,600
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	971,321		$	1,131,807
Unearned premiums		688,872			656,641
Reinsurance payable		282,663			199,803
Long-term debt, net		122,066			128,943
Advance premiums		33,706			26,516
Accrued compensation		8,611			6,594
Lease liability, finance		20,903			22,557
Lease liability, operating		8,439			8,690
Accounts payable and other liabilities		80,739			80,010
Total Liabilities	$	2,217,320		$	2,261,561

Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock, $ 0.0001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 39,028,260 shares issued and 26,796,586 outstanding at September 30, 2023 and 37,796,107 shares issued and 25,539,433 outstanding at December 31, 2022		3			3
Additional paid-in capital		336,829			334,711
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes		( 49,719	)		( 53,585	)
Treasury stock, at cost, 12,231,674 shares at each September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		( 130,900	)		( 130,900	)
Retained deficit		( 4,827	)		( 19,190	)
Total Stockholders' Equity		151,386			131,039
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	2,368,706		$	2,392,600

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

HERITAGE INSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Op erations and Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands, except per share and share amounts)


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
REVENUES:
Gross premiums written	$	309,510		$	304,501		$	1,016,378		$	952,981
Change in gross unearned premiums		27,466			3,458			( 32,366	)		( 61,442	)
Gross premiums earned		336,976			307,959			984,012			891,539
Ceded premiums		( 160,335	)		( 148,266	)		( 464,539	)		( 420,645	)
Net premiums earned		176,641			159,693			519,473			470,894
Net investment income		6,867			2,887			19,048			7,050
Net realized losses and impairment losses		( 379	)		( 3	)		( 49	)		( 121	)
Other revenue		3,171			2,916			10,060			10,049
Total revenues		186,300			165,493			548,532			487,872
EXPENSES:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		131,397			155,849			335,495			397,409
Policy acquisition costs, net of ceding commission income (1)		42,427			39,194			124,202			115,826
General and administrative expenses, net of ceding commission income (2)		21,911			17,758			61,022			54,947
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment		—			—			767			91,959
Total expenses		195,735			212,801			521,486			660,141
Operating (loss) income		( 9,435	)		( 47,308	)		27,046			( 172,269	)
Interest expense, net		2,591			2,027			8,211			5,750
(Loss) income before income taxes		( 12,026	)		( 49,335	)		18,835			( 178,019	)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		( 4,602	)		( 1,095	)		4,472			( 11,155	)
Net (loss) income	$	( 7,424	)	$	( 48,240	)	$	14,363		$	( 166,864	)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
Change in net unrealized (losses) gains on investments		( 4,494	)		( 17,471	)		4,664			( 65,403	)
Reclassification adjustment for net realized investment losses		379			3			390			121
Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive (loss) income		970			4,089			( 1,188	)		15,282
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	( 10,569	)	$	( 61,619	)	$	18,229		$	( 216,864	)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic		26,698,806			26,369,265			25,941,422			26,536,700
Diluted		26,698,806			26,369,265			25,980,931			26,536,700
(Loss) earnings per share
Basic	$	( 0.28	)	$	( 1.83	)	$	0.55		$	( 6.29	)
Diluted	$	( 0.28	)	$	( 1.83	)	$	0.55		$	( 6.29	)

(1)

Policy acquisition costs includes $ 11.9 million and $ 37.3 million of ceding commission income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 a nd $ 11.7 million and $ 34.9 million of ceding commission income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively .

(2)

General and administration includes $ 4.0 million and $ 12.3 million of ceding commission income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $ 3.8 million and $ 11.5 million of ceding commission income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

HERITAGE INSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statem ents of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)


	Common Shares			Par Value		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained (Deficit) Earnings			Treasury Shares			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022		25,539,433		$	3	$	334,711		$	( 19,190	)	$	( 130,900	)	$	( 53,585	)	$	131,039
Net unrealized change in investments, net of tax		—			—		—			—			—			9,290			9,290
Shares tendered for income taxes withholding		( 4,200	)		—		( 8	)		—			—			—			( 8	)
Restricted stock vested		25,000			—		—			—			—			—			—
Forfeiture on restricted stock		( 1,482	)		—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation on restricted stock		—			—		395			—			—			—			395
Net income		—			—		—			14,008			—			—			14,008
Balance at March 31, 2023		25,558,751		$	3	$	335,098		$	( 5,182	)	$	( 130,900	)	$	( 44,295	)	$	154,724
Net unrealized change in investments, net of tax		—			—		—			—			—			( 2,279	)		( 2,279	)
Issued restricted stock		63,744			—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation on restricted stock		—			—		403			—			—			—			403
Net income		—			—		—			7,779			—			—			7,779
Balance at June 30, 2023		25,622,495		$	3	$	335,501		$	2,597		$	( 130,900	)	$	( 46,574	)	$	160,627
Net unrealized change in investments, net of tax		—			—		—			—			—			( 3,145	)		( 3,145	)
Issued restricted stock		1,223,111			—		—			—			—			—			—
Forfeiture on restricted stock		( 49,020	)		—		( 13	)		—			—			—			( 13	)
Stock-based compensation on restricted stock		—			—		1,341			—			—			—			1,341
Net loss		—			—		—			( 7,424	)		—			—			( 7,424	)
Balance at September 30, 2023		26,796,586		$	3	$	336,829		$	( 4,827	)	$	( 130,900	)	$	( 49,719	)	$	151,386


	Common Shares			Par Value		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings (Deficit)			Treasury Shares			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021		26,753,511		$	3	$	332,797		$	138,381		$	( 123,557	)	$	( 4,573	)	$	343,051
Net unrealized change in investments, net of tax		—			—		—			—			—			( 24,321	)		( 24,321	)
Shares tendered for income taxes withholding		( 9,849	)		—		( 89	)		—			—			—			( 89	)
Restricted stock vested		25,000			—		—			—			—			—			—
Issued restricted stock		397,176			—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation on restricted stock		—			—		505			—			—			—			505
Stock buy-back		( 721,118	)		—		—			—			( 5,000	)		—			( 5,000	)
Cash dividends declared ($ 0.06 per common stock)		—			—		—			( 1,621	)		—			—			( 1,621	)
Net loss		—			—		—			( 30,759	)		—			—			( 30,759	)
Balance at March 31, 2022		26,444,720		$	3	$	333,213		$	106,001		$	( 128,557	)	$	( 28,894	)	$	281,766
Net unrealized change in investments, net of tax		—			—		—			—			—			( 12,300	)		( 12,300	)
Adjustment to shares tendered for income taxes withholding		—			—		31			—			—			—			31
Issued restricted stock		99,376			—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation on restricted stock		—			—		503			—			—			—			503
Cash dividends declared ($ 0.06 per common stock)		—			—		—			( 1,588	)		—			—			( 1,588	)
Net loss		—			—		—			( 87,866	)		—			—			( 87,866	)
Balance at June 30, 2022		26,544,096		$	3	$	333,747		$	16,547		$	( 128,557	)	$	( 41,194	)	$	180,546
Net unrealized change in investments, net of tax		—			—		—			—			—			( 13,379	)		( 13,379	)
Adjustment to shares tendered for income taxes withholding		—			—		—			—			—			—			—
Forfeiture on restricted stock		( 12,422	)		—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation on restricted stock		—			—		499			—			—			—			499
Stock buy-back		( 632,744	)		—		—			—			( 1,729	)		—			( 1,729	)
Cash dividends declared ($ 0.06 per common stock)		—			—		—			—			—			—			—
Net loss		—			—		—			( 48,240	)		—			—			( 48,240	)
Balance at September 30, 2022		25,898,930		$	3	$	334,246		$	( 31,693	)	$	( 130,286	)	$	( 54,573	)	$	117,697

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

HERITAGE INSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated S tatements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands)


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)	$	14,363		$	( 166,864	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		2,126			1,507
Bond amortization and accretion		( 2,484	)		2,561
Amortization of original issuance discount on debt		362			919
Goodwill or intangible asset impairment		767			91,959
Depreciation and amortization		6,463			6,233
Allowance for bad debt		52			10
Expected credit allowance on reinsurance		152			—
Net realized investment loss		49			121
Deferred income taxes, net		( 439	)		( 8,781	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued investment income		92			( 350	)
Premiums receivable, net		12,441			( 4,211	)
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		( 96,707	)		( 115,495	)
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid claims		77,472			( 597,234	)
Income taxes receivable		( 2,754	)		( 2,021	)
Deferred policy acquisition costs, net		( 4,481	)		( 6,768	)
Right of use leased asset		2,087			2,535
Other assets		( 1,551	)		1,139
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses		( 160,486	)		619,186
Unearned premiums		32,231			61,494
Lease incentives		—			1,622
Reinsurance payable		82,860			86,570
Accrued interest		( 441	)		( 160	)
Accrued compensation		2,017			53
Advance premiums		7,190			13,351
Operating lease liabilities		( 1,905	)		( 2,271	)
Other liabilities		1,182			( 585	)
Net cash used in operating activities		( 29,342	)		( 15,480	)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Fixed maturity securities sales, maturities and paydowns		241,983			56,334
Fixed maturity securities purchases		( 250,783	)		( 88,137	)
Purchases in other investments		—			( 7,500	)
Sale on other investments and return of capital		5,080			14,345
Equity securities reinvestments of dividends		( 226	)		( 99	)
Leasehold improvements		—			( 3,539	)
Cost of property and equipment acquired		( 8,445	)		( 4,911	)
Net cash used in investing activities		( 12,391	)		( 33,507	)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayment of term note		( 7,125	)		( 2,625	)
Mortgage loan payments		( 114	)		( 240	)
Draw from revolver		—			25,000
Repurchase of convertible notes		—			( 22,529	)
Purchase of treasury stock		—			( 6,729	)
Tax withholdings on share-based compensation awards		( 8	)		( 58	)
Dividends paid		( 11	)		( 4,771	)
Net cash used in financing activities		( 7,258	)		( 11,952	)
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		( 48,991	)		( 60,939	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		287,572			364,752
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	238,581		$	303,813
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Income taxes paid	$	7,664		$	6,222
Interest paid	$	6,803		$	4,245

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to condensed consolidated balance sheets.


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	228,848	$	280,881
Restricted cash		9,733		6,691
Total	$	238,581	$	287,572

Restricted cash primarily represents funds held to meet regulatory requirements in certain states in which the Company operates.

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

HERITAGE INSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Con solidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Heritage Insurance Holdings, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”). These statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, but that is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been omitted. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated and all adjustments consisting of normal recurring accruals which are necessary for a fair statement of the financial condition and results of operations for the interim periods have been reflected. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related footnotes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed on March 13, 2023 (the “2022 Form 10-K”) .

Significant accounting policies

The accounting policies of the Company are set forth in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K.

Accounting Pronouncements not yet adopted

The Company has documented the summary of its significant accounting policies in its Notes to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to the Company’s accounting policies since the filing of that report.

No other new accounting pronouncements issued, but not yet adopted, have had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

NOTE 2. INVESTMENTS

Securities Available-for-Sale

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of the Company’s debt securities available-for-sale are as follows for the periods presented:


September 30, 2023	Cost or Adjusted / Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Debt Securities Available-for-sale	(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency securities (1)	$	174,962	$	5	$	2,377	$	172,590
States, municipalities and political subdivisions		94,079		—		12,099		81,980
Special revenue		256,159		—		33,054		223,104
Industrial and miscellaneous		191,247		7		17,409		173,845
Total	$	716,447	$	12	$	64,939	$	651,520

(1)

Includes securities at September 30, 2023 with a carrying amount of $ 25.3 million that were pledged as collateral for the advance agreement entered into with a financial institution in 2018. The Company is permitted to withdraw or exchange any portion of the pledged collateral over the minimum requirement at any time.


December 31, 2022		Cost or Adjusted / Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Debt Securities Available-for-sale	(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency securities (1)		$	121,811	$	24	$	4,093	$	117,742
States, municipalities and political subdivisions			104,361		—		12,734		91,627
Special revenue			284,946		1		34,817		250,130
Industrial and miscellaneous			194,430		90		18,447		176,073
Total		$	705,548	$	115	$	70,091	$	635,572

(1)

Includes securities at December 31, 2022 with a carrying amount of $ 24.3 million that were pledged as collateral for the advance agreement entered into with a financial institution in 2018. The Company is permitted to withdraw or exchange any portion of the pledged collateral over the minimum requirement at any time.

Net Realized and Unrealized Losses and Impairments

The following tables present net realized losses on the Company’s debt securities available-for-sale for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively :


	2023					2022
Three Months Ended September 30,	Gains (Losses)			Fair Value at Sale		Gains (Losses)			Fair Value at Sale
	(In thousands)
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
Total realized gains	$	2		$	1,498	$	—		$	50
Total realized losses		( 381	)		40,705		( 3	)		110
Net realized losses	$	( 379	)	$	42,202	$	( 3	)	$	160


	2023					2022
Nine Months Ended September 30,	Gains (Losses)			Fair Value at Sale		Gains (Losses)			Fair Value at Sale
	(In thousands)
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
Total realized gains	$	1		$	1,900	$	32		$	2,451
Total realized losses		( 391	)		41,137		( 153	)		6,206
Net realized losses	$	( 390	)	$	43,037	$	( 121	)	$	8,657

The following table presents the reconciliation of net realized losses and impairments of the Company’s investments reported for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(In thousands)
Gross realized gains on sales of available-for-sale securities	$	2		$	—		$	1		$	32
Impairments on other investments		—			—			( 1,559	)		—
Realized losses on sales of available-for-sale securities		( 381	)		( 3	)		( 391	)		( 153	)
Gross realized gains on sale of other investments (1)		—			—			1,900			—
Net realized losses and impairments	$	( 379	)	$	( 3	)	$	( 49	)	$	( 121	)

(1) During the first quarter, the Company sold its investment in an Insurtech company for $ 4.0 million, resulting in a $ 1.9 million realized gain on the investment.

The table below summarizes the Company’s debt securities at September 30, 2023 by contractual maturity periods. Actual results may differ as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties, prior to the contractual maturity of those obligations.


	At September 30, 2023
	Cost or Amortized Cost		Percent of Total			Fair Value		Percent of Total
Maturity dates:	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	177,224		24.7	%	$	175,446		26.9	%
Due after one year through five years		356,122		49.7	%		325,531		50.0	%
Due after five years through ten years		148,815		20.8	%		121,684		18.7	%
Due after ten years		34,286		4.8	%		28,859		4.4	%
Total	$	716,447		100.0	%	$	651,520		100.0	%

Net Investment Income

The following table summarizes the Company’s net investment income by major investment category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Debt securities	$	4,685	$	2,992	$	12,723	$	7,695
Equity securities		79		—		170		—
Cash and cash equivalents		1,746		273		6,195		433
Other investments		687		135		1,525		447
Net investment income		7,197		3,400		20,613		8,575
Less: Investment expenses		330		513		1,565		1,525
Net investment income, less investment expenses	$	6,867	$	2,887	$	19,048	$	7,050

The following tables present, for all debt securities available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position (including securities pledged) and for which no credit loss allowance has been established to date, the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time the security has continuously been in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively (in thousands):


	Less Than Twelve Months						Twelve Months or More
September 30, 2023	Number of Securities		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Number of Securities		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Debt Securities Available-for-sale
U.S. government and agency securities		24	$	141	$	67,724		58	$	2,236	$	63,678
States, municipalities and political subdivisions		2		32		2,261		109		12,067		77,265
Special revenue		26		184		11,773		427		32,870		208,881
Industrial and miscellaneous		56		523		34,925		211		16,886		133,162
Total fixed maturity securities		108	$	880	$	116,683		805	$	64,059	$	482,986


	Less Than Twelve Months						Twelve Months or More
December 31, 2022	Number of Securities		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Number of Securities		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Debt Securities Available-for-sale
U.S. government and agency securities		61	$	2,040	$	56,389		36	$	2,053	$	56,389
States, municipalities and political subdivisions		28		1,967		17,730		95		10,767		68,852
Special revenue		273		5,832		57,881		259		28,985		167,384
Industrial and miscellaneous		95		1,535		32,387		197		16,912		134,462
Total fixed maturity securities		457	$	11,374	$	164,386		587	$	58,717	$	427,087

The Company’s unrealized losses on corporate bonds have not been recognized because the bonds are of a high credit quality with investment grade ratings. The average rating was an A+ for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company does not intend to sell and it is unlikely the Company will be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery. The debt issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the bonds. After taking into account these and other factors previously described, the Company believes these unrealized losses generally were caused by an increase in market interest rates since the time the securities were purchased and not as a result of credit losses.

No credit loss allowan ce was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 or for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Quarterly, the Company considers whether it intends to sell an available-for-sale security or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized costs. In these instances, a decline in fair value is recognized in net income based on the fair value of the security at the time of assessment, resulting in a new cost basis for the security.

Other Investments

Non-Consolidating Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”)

The Company makes passive investments in limited partnerships (“LPs”), which are accounted for using the equity method, with income reported in earnings. The Company also holds a passive investment in a Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”), which is accounted for using the measurement alternative method, and reported at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus changes from observable price changes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a $ 1.6 million impairment on

certain non-consolidated VIEs. At December 31, 2022, the Company held an equity investment in an Insurtech company, which was sold during the three months ended March 31, 2023 at a gain.

The following table summarizes the carrying value and maximum loss exposure of the Company’s non-consolidated VIEs at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively (in thousands):


	As of September 30, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
	Carrying Value		Maximum Loss Exposure		Carrying Value		Maximum Loss Exposure
Investments in non-consolidated VIEs - Equity method	$	1,821	$	1,821	$	3,517	$	3,517
Investments in non-consolidated VIEs - Amortized cost	$	8,490	$	8,490	$	8,490	$	8,490
Investments in non-consolidated VIEs - Measurement alternative	$	1,434	$	1,434	$	4,477	$	4,477
Total non-consolidated VIEs	$	11,745	$	11,745	$	16,484	$	16,484

No agreements exist requiring the Company to provide additional funding to any of the non-consolidated VIEs in excess of the Company’s initial investment.

NOTE 3. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is determined based on the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The Company is required to use an established hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the inputs to the valuation and degree to which they are observable or not observable in the market. The three levels in the hierarchy are as follows:

•

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets/liabilities as of the reporting date.

•

Level 2 – Valuations based on observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities at the measurement date; quoted prices in the markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

•

Level 3 – Pricing inputs are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement, and the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

The highest priority is assigned to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no transfers in or out of Level 1, 2, and 3.

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company assesses the levels for the investments at each measurement date, and transfers between levels are recognized on the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy regarding the recognitions of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy.

The tables below present the balances of the Company’s invested assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


September 30, 2023	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Invested Assets:	(In thousands)
Debt Securities Available-for-sale
U.S. government and agency securities	$	172,590	$	—	$	172,590	$	—
States, municipalities and political subdivisions		81,980		—		81,980		—
Special revenue		223,104		—		223,104		—
Industrial and miscellaneous		173,845		—		173,845		—
Total investments	$	651,520	$	—	$	651,520	$	—


December 31, 2022	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Invested Assets:	(In thousands)
Debt Securities Available-for-sale
U.S. government and agency securities	$	117,742	$	—	$	117,742	$	—
States, municipalities and political subdivisions		91,627		—		91,627		—
Special revenue		250,130		—		250,130		—
Industrial and miscellaneous		176,073		—		176,073		—
Total investments	$	635,572	$	—	$	635,572	$	—

Financial Instruments excluded from the fair value hierarchy

The carrying value of premium receivables, accounts payable, accrued expense, revolving loans and borrowings under the Company’s senior secured credit facility approximate their fair value. The rate at which revolving loans and borrowings under the Company’s senior secured credit facility bear interest resets periodically at market interest rates.

Non-recurring fair value measurements

Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include intangible assets which are recognized at fair value during the period in which an acquisition is completed, from updated estimates and assumptions during the measurement period, or when they are considered to be impaired.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment of approximately $ 1.0 million for a loss measurement based on the difference between the acquisition costs and current fair value (less any prior impairment loss that security previously recognized) on certain equity method investments. Changes in the fair value of equity securities are also included in net realized losses and impairment losses on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income and are not reversed.

Certain of the Company’s investments are measured in accordance with GAAP for the type of investment, using methodologies other than fair value. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 , the Company recorded an impairment for named intangible assets related to certain brands and customer relations within the Company's restoration service provider with a net value of $ 766,600 , which were impaired due to the discontinuation of providing restoration services to the Company’s policyholders.

During the second quarter of 2022, m anagement concluded that it had a full impairment of its remaining goodwill and that the carrying value of $ 92.0 million should be written off based on the following factors: (i) disruptions in the equity markets, specifically for property and casualty insurance companies, largely due to recent weather-related catastrophe events; (ii) elevated loss ratios for property insurers in the Company's markets; and (iii) the Company's market cap was below book value.

NOTE 4. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

The following tables summarize other comprehensive income (loss) and disclose the tax impact of each component of other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023									2022
	Pre-tax			Tax			After-tax			Pre-tax			Tax			After-tax
	(In thousands)
Other comprehensive loss
Change in unrealized losses on investments, net	$	( 4,494	)	$	1,059		$	( 3,435	)	$	( 17,471	)	$	4,090		$	( 13,381	)
Reclassification adjustment of realized losses included in net loss		379			( 89	)		290			3			( 1	)		2
Effect on other comprehensive loss	$	( 4,115	)	$	970		$	( 3,145	)	$	( 17,468	)	$	4,089		$	( 13,379	)


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023							2022
	Pre-tax		Tax			After-tax		Pre-tax			Tax			After-tax
	(In thousands)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net	$	4,664	$	( 1,097	)	$	3,567	$	( 65,403	)	$	15,310		$	( 50,093	)
Reclassification adjustment of realized losses included in net income (loss)		390		( 92	)		298		121			( 28	)		93
Effect on other comprehensive income (loss)	$	5,054	$	( 1,188	)	$	3,866	$	( 65,282	)	$	15,282		$	( 50,000	)

NOTE 5. LEASES

The Company has entered into operating and financing leases primarily for real estate and vehicles. The Company will determine whether an arrangement is a lease at inception of the agreement. The operating leases have terms of one to ten years , and often include one or more options to renew . These renewal terms can extend the lease term from two to ten years and are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option. The Company considers these options in determining the lease term used in establishing the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease obligations. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Because the rate implicit in each operating lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine present value of the lease payments. The Company used the implicit rates within the finance leases.

Components of the Company’s lease costs were as follows (in thousands):


	For The Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating lease cost, included in General & Administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations	$	1,183	$	1,055
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of assets, included in General & Administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations		1,921		1,943
Interest on lease liabilities, included in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations		671		739
Total finance lease cost	$	2,592	$	2,682
Variable lease cost, included in General & Administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations	$	1,175	$	713
Short-term lease cost, included in General & Administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations	$	113	$	142

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating and financing leases were as follows (in thousands):



Operating Leases	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Right of use assets	$	7,166	$	7,335
Lease liability	$	8,439	$	8,690
Finance Leases
Right of use assets	$	18,214	$	20,132
Lease liability	$	20,903	$	22,557

Weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for the Company’s operating and financing leases for the periods presented below were as follows:


Weighted-average remaining lease term	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Operating lease		5.80	yrs.		6.49	yrs.
Finance lease		7.41	yrs.		8.13	yrs.
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating lease		4.90	%		5.14	%
Finance lease		4.15	%		4.16	%

Maturities of lease liabilities by fiscal year for the Company’s operating and financing leases were as follows (in thousands):


	Financing Lease			Operating Lease
2023	$	761		$	427
2024		3,101			1,716
2025		3,166			1,609
2026		3,197			1,587
2027		3,190			1,595
2028 and thereafter		10,920			2,846
Total lease payments		24,335			9,780
Less: imputed interest		( 3,432	)		( 1,341	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	20,903		$	8,439

NOTE 6. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Land	$	2,582		$	2,582
Building		9,599			9,599
Software in progress		14,081			6,884
Computer hardware and software		9,962			8,851
Office furniture and equipment		1,484			1,381
Tenant and leasehold improvements		10,519			10,485
Vehicle fleet		594			594
Total, at cost		48,821			40,376
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		( 16,403	)		( 14,647	)
Property and equipment, net	$	32,418		$	25,729

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company invested $ 1.1 million and $ 7.1 million, respectively, for software development and implementation services for a new policy, billing and claims system. On June 12, 2023, the Company placed into service the claims component of the software valued at approximately $ 2.0 million with the remaining components anticipated to be placed into service in early 2024.

Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment was approximately $ 653,000 and $ 544,900 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment was approximately $ 1.8 million and $ 1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company owns real estate consisting of 13 acres of land, two buildings with a gross area of 88,378 square feet and a parking garage.

NOTE 7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, intangible assets were $ 44.1 million and $ 49.6 million, respectively. The Company has determined the useful life of its intangible assets to range between 2.5 - 15 years . Intangible assets include $ 1.3 million relating to insurance licenses which is classified as an indefinite lived intangible. Impairment testing is required when events occur that indicate an asset may not be recoverable, such as a triggering event. Management reviews other intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently should events or changes in circumstances indicate that the Company's other intangible assets might be impaired.

The Company’s intangible assets consist of brand, agent relationships, renewal rights, customer relations, trade names and insurance licenses. During the second quarter of 2023, certain brand and customer relations within the Company's restoration provider with a net value of $ 766,600 were impaired due to the discontinuation of providing restoration services to the Company’s policyholders. The impairment loss of $ 766,600 was included in Goodwill and intangible asset impairment in the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Other than the impairment of certain brand and customer relations due to the discontinued services described above, there was no impairment of the intangible assets with definite lives for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

During the second quarter of 2022, management concluded the remaining balance of its goodwill was fully impaired and that its carrying value of $ 92.0 million be written off based on the following factors: (i) disruptions in the equity markets, specifically for property and casualty insurance companies, largely due to recent weather-related catastrophe events; (ii) elevated loss ratios for property insurers in the Company's markets; and (iii) the Company's market cap was below book value. These factors reduced the Company's previously modeled fair value of the Company and resulted in a $ 92.0 million goodwill impairment charge, most of which is not tax deductible.

Amortization expense of the Company’s intangible assets for each of the respective three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $ 1.6 million and $ 4.8 million, respectively.

Estimated annual pretax amortization of intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):


Year	Amount
2023 - remaining	$	1,546
2024	$	6,183
2025	$	6,183
2026	$	6,033
2027	$	5,836
Thereafter	$	17,003
Total	$	42,786

NOTE 8. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) for the periods indicated ( amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts).


		Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023				2022				2023			2022
Basic and Diluted
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders — basic and diluted	$		( 7,424	)	$		( 48,240	)	$		14,363	$		( 166,864	)
Common Shares
Basic
Weighted average shares outstanding			26,698,806				26,369,265				25,941,422			26,536,700
Diluted
Weighted average shares outstanding			26,698,806				26,369,265				25,941,422			26,536,700
Weighted average effects of dilutive securities — convertible notes			—				—				39,509			—
Total			26,698,806				26,369,265				25,980,931			26,536,700
Net (loss) income per common share
Basic	$		( 0.28	)	$		( 1.83	)	$		0.55	$		( 6.29	)
Diluted	$		( 0.28	)	$		( 1.83	)	$		0.55	$		( 6.29	)

For the reported periods in the table above with a net loss position the diluted earnings per shares would not be considered for the conversion as the Convertible Notes were antidilutive for the each of the respective periods. Th e Company had 59,263 antidilutive shares for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 196,914 , antidilutive shares for the comparable period of September 30, 2022. The convertible notes were excluded from the computations because the conversion price on these notes was greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock during each of the respective periods, and therefore, would be anti-dilutive to earnings per share under the "if converted" method under the guidance of ASU 2020-06, adopted by the Company on January 1, 2022.

NOTE 9. DEFERRED REINSURANCE CEDING COMMISSION

The Company defers reinsurance ceding commission income, which is amortized over the effective period of the related insurance policies. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company allocated ceding commission income of $ 11.9 million and $ 11.7 million to policy acquisition costs and $ 4.0 million and $ 3.8 million to general and administrative expense, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company allocated ceding commission income of $ 37.3 million and $ 34.9 million to policy acquisition costs and $ 12.3 million and $ 11.5 million to general and administrative expense, respectively.

The table below depicts the activity regarding deferred reinsurance ceding commission, included in accounts payable and other liabilities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 .


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance of deferred ceding commission income	$	37,990		$	38,529		$	42,758		$	40,405
Ceding commission deferred		13,957			17,046			42,866			46,110
Less: ceding commission earned		( 15,914	)		( 15,486	)		( 49,591	)		( 46,426	)
Ending balance of deferred ceding commission income	$	36,033		$	40,089		$	36,033		$	40,089

NOTE 10. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS

The Company defers certain costs in connection with written policies, called deferred policy acquisition costs (“DPAC”), which are amortized over the effective period of the related insurance policies.

The Company anticipates that its DPAC will be fully recoverable in the near term. The table below depicts the activity regarding DPAC for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(In thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	106,736		$	99,468		$	99,617		$	93,881
Policy acquisition costs deferred		42,427			39,194			149,536			139,028
Amortization		( 45,064	)		( 38,013	)		( 145,054	)		( 132,260	)
Ending Balance	$	104,098		$	100,649		$	104,098		$	100,649

NOTE 11. INCOME TAXES

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded income tax benefits of $ 4.6 million and $ 1.1 million, respectively, which corresponds to effective tax rates of 38.3 % and 2.2 %, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $ 4.5 million and an income tax benefit of $ 11.2 million, respectively, which corresponds to effective tax rates of 23.7 % and 6.3 %, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 benefited from a reduction in the valuation allowance related to certain tax elections made by Osprey Re, the Company’s captive reinsurer domiciled in Bermuda. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was impacted by the establishment of a $ 10.7 million valuation allowance related to Osprey Re. The Company re-evaluates the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 benefitted from a reduction in the valuation allowance as described above. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was impacted by the mostly non-deductible goodwill impairment charge and establishment of a $ 10.7 million increase to the valuation allowance. Effective tax rates are dependent upon components of pre-tax earnings and the related tax effects.

The effective tax rate is also affected by various permanent tax differences and can fluctuate throughout the year as estimates used in the tax provision for each quarter are updated as more information becomes available throughout the year. Additionally, the state effective income tax rate can also fluctuate as a result of changes in the geographic dispersion of the Company’s business.

The table below summarizes the significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets:


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:	(In thousands)
Unearned premiums	$	19,083		$	17,060
Unearned ceding commission		8,472			10,053
Net operating loss		1,110			1,189
Tax-related discount on loss reserve		5,783			4,902
Stock-based compensation		827			297
Accrued expenses		1,833			1,016
Leases		672			885
Unrealized losses		15,885			16,987
Dual Consolidated loss limitation		1,437			9,740
Other		363			238
Total deferred tax asset		55,465			62,367
Valuation allowance		( 1,870	)		( 6,376	)
Adjusted deferred tax asset		53,595			55,991
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred acquisition costs	$	24,474		$	23,420
Prepaid expenses		262			180
Property and equipment		630			2,200
Note discount		290			290
Basis in purchased investments		8			28
Basis in purchased intangibles		9,932			11,178
Other		1,907			1,854
Total deferred tax liabilities		37,503			39,150
Net deferred tax assets	$	16,092		$	16,841

The income tax expense or benefit differs from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of as indicated below to pretax income as a result of the following:


	For the Nine Month Ended September 30,
	2023				2022
Expected income tax expense at federal rate		21.0		%		21.0		%
Tax exempt interest		( 0.6	)	%		0.1		%
Executive compensation 162(m)		0.6		%		( 0.1	)	%
Permanent items		18.4		%		( 0.1	)	%
State tax expense		8.2		%		1.4		%
Change in valuation allowance		( 23.9	)	%		( 6.0	)	%
Goodwill impairment		0.0		%		( 9.9	)	%
Reported income tax expense		23.7		%		6.3		%

The statute of limitations related to the Company’s federal and state income tax returns remains open from the Company’s filings for 2020 through 2022.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions or unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective income tax rate.

NOTE 12. REINSURANCE

Overview

In order to limit the Company’s potential exposure to individual risks and catastrophic events, the Company purchases significant reinsurance from third party reinsurers. Purchasing reinsurance is an important part of the Company’s risk strategy, and premiums ceded to reinsurers is one of the Company’s largest costs. The Company has strong relationships with reinsurers, which it attributes to its management’s industry experience, disciplined underwriting, and claims management capabilities. For each of the twelve months beginning June 1, 2023 and 2022, the Company purchased reinsurance from the following sources: (i) the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund, a state-mandated catastrophe fund (“FHCF”) for Florida admitted market policies only, (ii) private reinsurers, all of which were rated “A-” or higher by A.M. Best Company, Inc. (“A.M. Best”) or Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC (“S&P”) or were fully collateralized, and (iii) the Company’s captive wholly-owned reinsurance subsidiary, Osprey Re Ltd. (“Osprey Re”). The Company also sponsored catastrophe bonds in 2023 and 2022 through Citrus Re Ltd., a Bermuda special purpose insurer, which provides an alternative to traditional reinsurance through the issuance of catastrophe bonds. In addition to purchasing excess of loss catastrophe reinsurance, the Company also purchased quota share, property per risk and facultative reinsurance. The Company’s quota share program limits its exposure on catastrophe and non-catastrophe losses and provides ceding commission income. The Company’s per risk programs limit its net exposure in the event of a severe non-catastrophe loss impacting a single

location or risk. The Company also utilizes facultative reinsurance to supplement its per risk reinsurance program where the Company capacity needs dictate.

Purchasing a sufficient amount of reinsurance to cover catastrophic losses from single or multiple events or significant non-catastrophe losses is an important part of the Company’s risk strategy. Reinsurance involves transferring, or “ceding”, a portion of the risk exposure on policies the Company writes to another insurer, known as a reinsurer. To the extent that the Company’s reinsurers are unable to meet the obligations they assume under the Company’s reinsurance agreements, the Company remains liable for the entire insured loss.

The Company’s insurance regulators require all insurance companies, like the Company, to have a certain amount of capital and reinsurance coverage in order to cover losses and loss adjustment expenses upon the occurrence of a catastrophic event. The Company’s reinsurance program provides reinsurance in excess of its state regulator requirements, which are based on the probable maximum loss that it would incur from an individual catastrophic event estimated to occur once in every 100 years based on its portfolio of insured risks. The nature, severity and location of the event giving rise to such a probable maximum loss differs for each insurer depending on the insurer’s portfolio of insured risks, including, among other things, the geographic concentration of insured value within such portfolio. As a result, a particular catastrophic event could be a 1-in-100 year loss event for one insurance company while having a greater or lesser probability of occurrence for another insurance company. The Company also purchases reinsurance coverage to protect against the potential for multiple catastrophic events occurring in the same year. The Company shares portions of its reinsurance program coverage among its insurance company affiliates.

2023 - 2024 Reinsurance Program

Catastrophe Excess of Loss Reinsurance

Effective June 1, 2023, the Company entered into catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance agreements covering Heritage Property & Casualty Insurance Company (“Heritage P&C”), Zephyr Insurance Company (“Zephyr”) and Narragansett Bay Insurance Company (“NBIC”). The catastrophe reinsurance programs are allocated among traditional reinsurers, the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (“FHCF”), Citrus Re and Osprey Re. The FHCF covers Florida admitted market risks only and the Company elected to participate at 90 % for the 2023 hurricane season. Additionally, for Florida admitted market risks, the Company also has reinsurance from the Reinsurance to Assist Policyholders (“RAP”) program created by the Florida legislature, which provides reinsurance at no cost to the Company. Osprey Re will provide reinsurance for a portion of the Heritage P&C, NBIC and Zephyr programs. The Company’s third-party reinsurers are either rated “A-” or higher by A.M. Best or S&P or are fully collateralized, to reduce credit risk. Osprey Re and Citrus Re are fully collateralized programs.

The reinsurance program, which is segmented into layers of coverage, protects the Company for excess property catastrophe losses and loss adjustment expenses. The 2023-2024 reinsurance program provides first event coverage up to $ 1.1 billion for Heritage P&C, first event coverage up to $ 1.3 billion for NBIC, and first event coverage up to $ 870.0 million for Zephyr. The Company’s first event retention in a 1 in 100-year event would include retention for the respective insurance company as well as any retention by Osprey. The first event maximum retention up to a 1 in 100-year event for each insurance company subsidiary is as follows: Heritage P&C – $ 40.0 million, of which $ 40.0 million would be ceded to Osprey; NBIC – $ 30.0 million of which $ 30 million would be ceded to Osprey in a shared contract with Zephyr; and Zephyr – $ 40 million, of which $ 30 million would be ceded to Osprey in a shared contract with NBIC.

The Company is responsible for all losses and loss adjustment expenses in excess of the Company's reinsurance program. For second or subsequent catastrophic events, the Company’s total available coverage depends on the magnitude of the first event, as the Company may have coverage remaining from layers that were not previously fully exhausted. An aggregate of $ 2.9 billion of limit purchased in 2023 includes reinstatement through the purchase of reinstatement premium protection. The amount of coverage, however, will be subject to the severity and frequency of such events.

Additionally, the Company placed an occurrence contract for business underwritten by NBIC which covers all catastrophe losses excluding named storms, on December 31, 2022, expiring December 31, 2023 . The contract is 70% placed with a $ 15.0 million limit in excess of a retention of $ 25.0 million, with the remaining 30% placed with a $ 20.0 million limit in excess of a retention of $ 20.0 million, with one reinstatement available.

The Company placed an aggregate contract for the Company’s business underwritten by NBIC which covers all catastrophe losses excluding named storms, on December 1, 2022, expiring March 31, 2023 . The limit on the contract is $ 20.0 million with an aggregate retention of $ 21.0 million, with a $ 21.0 million per occurrence cap, and a $ 2.0 million franchise deductible.

Net Quota Share Reinsurance

The Company’s Net Quota Share coverage is proportional reinsurance, which applies to business underwritten by NBIC, for which certain of the Company’s other reinsurance (property catastrophe excess of loss and the second layer of the general excess of loss) inures to the quota share program. An occurrence limit of $ 20.0 million for catastrophe losses is in effect on the quota share program, subject to certain aggregate loss limits that vary by reinsurer. The amount and rate of ceding commissions slide, within a

prescribed minimum and maximum, depending on loss performance. The Net Quota Share program was renewed on December 31, 2022 ceding 41.0 % of the net premiums and losses and 16.0 % of the prior year quota share is in run off.

Per Risk Coverage

For losses arising from business underwritten by Heritage P&C and losses arising from commercial residential business underwritten by NBIC, excluding losses from named storms, the Company purchased property per risk coverage for losses and loss adjustment expenses in excess of $ 1.0 million per claim. The limit recoverable for an individual loss is $ 9.0 million and total limit for all losses is $ 27.0 million. There are two reinstatements available with additional premium due based on the amount of the layer exhausted. This coverage is 100 % placed for the contract period of June 15, 2022 through June 14, 2023, and 90 % placed for the contract period from June 15, 2023 through June 14, 2024. For losses arising from personal residential business underwritten by NBIC, the Company also purchased property per risk coverage for losses and loss adjustments expenses in excess of $ 750,000 per claim. The limit recovered for an individual loss is $ 250,000 and total limit for all losses is $ 750,000 . There are two reinstatements available with additional premium due based on the amount of the layer exhausted.

In addition, the Company purchased facultative reinsurance for losses in excess of $ 10.0 million for any properties it insured where the total insured value exceeded $ 10.0 million. This coverage applies to losses arising from business underwritten by Heritage P&C and losses arising from commercial residential business underwritten by NBIC, excluding losses from named storms. The Company also purchased facultative reinsurance for losses underwritten by NBIC in excess of $ 3.5 million.

General Excess of Loss

The Company’s general excess of loss reinsurance protects business underwritten by NBIC and Zephyr multi-peril policies from single risk losses. For the contract period of July 1, 2022 through June 30, 2023, the coverage is $ 2.75 million excess $ 750,000 for property losses and $ 1.25 million excess $ 750,000 for casualty losses, and is 67.5 % place d. For the contract period of July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024, the coverage is $ 2.5 million excess $ 1.0 million for property losses and $ 1.0 million excess $ 1.0 million for casualty losses, and is 67.5 % placed.

For a detailed discussion of the Company’s 2022-2023 Reinsurance Program Refer to Part I, “Business”, Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and “ Note 12. Reinsurance ” in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K.

Effect of Reinsurance

The Company’s reinsurance arrangements had the following effect on certain items in the condensed consolidated statement of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Premium written:
Direct	$	309,510		$	304,501		$	1,016,378		$	952,981
Ceded		( 54,850	)		( 60,885	)		( 561,283	)		( 536,139	)
Net	$	254,660		$	243,616		$	455,095		$	416,842
Premiums earned:
Direct	$	336,976		$	307,959		$	984,012		$	891,539
Ceded		( 160,335	)		( 148,266	)		( 464,539	)		( 420,645	)
Net	$	176,641		$	159,693		$	519,473		$	470,894
Loss and Loss Adjustment Expenses
Direct	$	450,524		$	809,993		$	757,560		$	1,147,243
Ceded		( 319,127	)		( 654,144	)		( 422,065	)		( 749,834	)
Net	$	131,397		$	155,849		$	335,495		$	397,409

NOTE 13. RESERVE FOR UNPAID LOSSES

The Company determines the reserve for unpaid losses on an individual-case basis for all incidents reported. The liability also includes amounts which are commonly referred to as incurred but not reported, or “IBNR”, claims as of the balance sheet date. The Company estimates its IBNR reserves by projecting its ultimate losses using industry accepted actuarial methods and then deducting actual loss payments and case reserves from the projected ultimate losses.

The table below summarizes the activity related to the Company’s reserve for unpaid losses:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	817,859		$	553,909		$	1,131,807		$	590,166
Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses		442,289			235,239			759,681			301,757
Net balance, beginning of period		375,570			318,670			372,126			288,409
Incurred related to:
Current year		130,604			156,855			338,890			395,921
Prior years		793			( 1,006	)		( 3,395	)		1,489
Total incurred		131,397			155,849			335,495			397,410
Paid related to:
Current year		76,524			70,914			160,468			170,255
Prior years		( 18,512	)		24,088			98,198			136,047
Total paid		58,012			95,002			258,666			306,302
Net balance, end of period		448,955			379,517			448,955			379,517
Plus: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses		522,366			829,835			522,366			829,835
Balance, end of period	$	971,321		$	1,209,352		$	971,321		$	1,209,352

The Company believes that the reserve for unpaid losses reasonably represents the amount necessary to pay all claims and related expenses which may arise from incidents that have occurred as of the balance sheet date.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company reported $ 449.0 million in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance which included $ 291.0 million attributable to IBNR net of reinsurance recoverable, or 64.8 % of net reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company experienced $ 793,000 of net unfavorable prior year loss development compared to $ 1.0 million of net favorable prior year loss development for the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company experienced $ 3.4 million of net favorable prior year loss development compared to $ 1.5 million of net unfavorable prior year loss development for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses includes expected reinsurance recoveries associated with reinsurance contracts the Company has in place. The amount may include recoveries from catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance, net quota share reinsurance, per risk reinsurance, and facultative reinsurance contracts. As further described in Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies, to the condensed consolidated financial statements for the second quarter of 2023, the Company's 2017 reinsurance agreement with the FHCF required a commutation no later than 60 months after the end of the contract year. As part of this process, Heritage and FHCF terminated the 2017 reinsurance agreement and agreed on the amount that the FHCF would pay to the Company to settle all outstanding losses owed under the agreement related to losses from Hurricane Irma. As such, this commutation process resulted in a final determination of and payment for known, unknown or unreported claims relating to Hurricane Irma. Social inflation and the litigated claims environment in the State of Florida, which affected Hurricane Irma claims, could result in adverse development of these claims, which creates uncertainty as to the ultimate cost to settle all of the remaining Hurricane Irma claims. Accordingly, the final amount paid by the FHCF could vary from the Company’s future estimation of losses to be recovered from the FHCF. The commutation process was finalized and binding for both parties upon completion which occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The final payment by the FHCF was received by the Company in September 2023.

NOTE 14. LONG-TERM DEBT

Convertible Senior Notes

In August 2017 and September 2017, the Company issued in aggregate $ 136.8 million of 5.875 % Convertible Senior Notes (“Convertible Notes”) maturing on August 1, 2037 , unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears, on February 1, and August 1 of each year . In January 2022, the Company reacquired and retired $ 11.7 million of its outstanding Convertible Senior Notes. Payment was made in cash and the Convertible Notes were retired at the time of repurchase. In addition, the Company expensed $ 242,700 which was the proportionate amount of the unamortized issuance and debt discount costs associated with this repurchase.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $ 885,000 of the Convertible Notes outstanding, net of $ 21.1 million of Convertible Notes held by an insurance company subsidiary. For each of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company made interest payments, net of affiliated Convertible Notes, of approximately $ 52,000 and $ 1.0 million, on the outstanding Convertible Notes, respectively.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

The Company is party to a credit agreement dated as of December 14, 2018 (as amended from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of lenders.

The Credit Agreement, as amended, provides for (1) a five-year senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $ 100 million (the “Term Loan Facility”) and (2) a five-year senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $ 50 million (inclusive of a sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit equal to the unused amount of the revolving credit facility and a sublimit for swingline loans equal to the lesser of $ 25 million and the unused amount of the revolving credit facility) (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Credit Facilities”).

Term Loan Facility . The principal amount of the Term Loan Facility amortizes in quarterly installments, which began with the close of the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2019, in an amount equal to $ 1.9 million per quarter, payable quarterly, decreasing to $ 875,000 per quarter commencing with the quarter ending December 31, 2021, and increasing to $ 2.4 million per quarter commencing with the quarter ending December 31, 2022, with the remaining balance payable at maturity. The Term Loan Facility matures on July 28, 2026 . As of September 30, 2023, there was $ 82.0 million in aggregate principal outstanding under the Term Loan Facility and after giving effect to the additional term loan advance that was used to refinance amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility and to pay fees, costs and expenses related thereto, there was $ 10 million in aggregate principal outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company made principal payments of approximately $ 7.1 million and $ 2.6 million and interest payments of $ 5.2 million and $ 1.7 million, respectively, on the Term Loan Facility.

Revolving Credit Facility . The Revolving Credit Facility allows for borrowings of up to $ 50 million inclusive of a sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit equal to the unused amount of the Revolving Credit Facility and a sublimit for swingline loans equal to the lesser of $ 25 million and the unused amount of the Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2022, we had $ 10.0 million in borrowings and $ 32.6 million letters of credit outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. In connection with the incurrence of additional amounts under the Term Loan Facility pursuant to a November 2022 amendment to the Credit Agreement, the borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility were repaid in full. On December 23, 2022, the Company drew $ 10 million from the amended Revolving Credit Facility, resulting in an outstanding principal balance under the Revolving Credit Facility in the amount of $ 10 million. At December 31, 2022, the Company had multiple letters of credit that totaled $ 32.6 million outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. At January 31, 2023 , $ 22.6 million of the letters of credit were terminated and at September 30 2023, there were letters of credit issued in aggregate amount of $ 39.3 million under the Revolving Credit Facility . For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company made interest payments in aggregate of approximately $ 543,400 on the Revolving Credit Facility and $ 538,470 relating to letters of credit and unused availability commitment fees.

At the Company's option, borrowings under the Credit Facilities bear interest at rates equal to either (1) a rate determined by reference to SOFR, plus an applicable margin and a credit adjustment spread equal to 0.10 % or (2) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the “prime rate” of Regions Bank, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50 %, and (c) the adjusted term SOFR in effect on such day for an interest period of one month plus 1.00 %, plus an applicable margin.

At September 30, 2023, the effective interest rate for the Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility was 8.184 % and 8.170 %, respectively. The Company monitors the rates prior to the reset date which allows it to establish if the payment is monthly or quarterly payment based on the most beneficial rate used to calculate the interest payment.

Mortgage Loan

In October 2017, the Company and its subsidiary, Skye Lane Properties LLC, jointly obtained a commercial real estate mortgage loan in the amount of $ 12.7 million, bearing interest of 4.95 % per annum and maturing on October 30, 2027 . Pursuant to the terms of the mortgage loan, on October 30, 2022, the interest rate adjusted to an interest rate equal to the annualized interest rate of the United States 5-year Treasury Notes as reported by the Federal Reserve on a weekly average basis plus 3.10 %, which resulted in an increase of the rate from 4.95 % to 7.42 % per annum. The Company makes monthly principal and interest payments against the loan. For each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company made principal and interest payments $ 701,455 of $ 670,000 on the mortgage loan, respectively.

FHLB Loan Agreements

In December 2018, a subsidiary of the Company received a 3.094 % fixed interest rate cash loan of $ 19.2 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) Atlanta. On September 29, 2023, the Company restructured the December 2018 agreement to extend the maturity date to March 28, 2025 , with a 5.109 % fixed interest rate payable quarterly commencing on December 28, 2023. The subsidiary continues to be a member in the FHLB. Membership in the FHLB required an investment in FHLB’s common stock which was purchased in December 2018 and valued at $ 1.4 million. Additionally, the transaction required the acquired FHLB common stock and certain other investments to be pledged as collateral. As of September 30, 2023, the fair value of the collateralized securities was $ 25.3 million and the equity investment in FHLB common stock was $ 1.4 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company made quarterly interest payments as per the terms of the loan agreement of approximately $ 478,540 and $ 450,500 , respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and at December 31, 2022, the Company also holds

other common stock from FHLB Des Moines and FHLB Boston for a combined value of $ 332,907 , and $ 319,100 , classified as equity securities and reported at fair value on the condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively.

The following table summarizes the Company’s long-term debt and credit facilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Convertible debt	$	885	$	885
Mortgage loan		11,085		11,199
Term loan facility		82,000		89,125
Revolving credit facility		10,000		10,000
FHLB loan agreement		19,200		19,200
Total principal amount	$	123,170	$	130,409
Deferred finance costs	$	1,105	$	1,466
Total long-term debt	$	122,066	$	128,943

As of the date of this report, the Company was in compliance with the applicable terms of all its covenants and other requirements under the Credit Agreement, Convertible Notes, cash borrowings and other loans. The Company’s ability to secure future debt financing depends, in part, on its ability to remain in such compliance. The covenants in the Credit Agreement may limit the Company’s flexibility in connection with future financing transactions and in the allocation of capital in the future, including the Company’s ability to pay dividends and make stock repurchases, and contribute capital to its insurance subsidiaries that are not parties to the Credit Agreement.

The schedule of principal payments on long-term debt as of September 30, 2023 is as follows:


Year	Amount
	(In thousands)
2023 remaining	$	21,800
2024		9,854
2025		9,874
2026		71,018
2027		414
Thereafter		10,210
Total	$	123,170

NOTE 15. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND OTHER LIABILITIES

Accounts payable and other liabilities consist of the following:


Description	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Deferred ceding commission	$	36,033		42,758
Claims checks in excess of bank balance		12,820		—
Accounts payable and other payables		14,151		17,660
Accrued dividends		61		72
Accrued interest and issuance costs		294		733
Other liabilities		546		229
Premium tax		1,954		1,001
Commission payables		14,879		17,558
Total other liabilities	$	80,739	$	80,010

NOTE 16. STATUTORY ACCOUNTING AND REGULATIONS

State laws and regulations, as well as national regulatory agency requirements, govern the operations of all insurers such as the Company’s insurance subsidiaries. The various laws and regulations require that insurers maintain minimum amounts of statutory surplus and risk-based capital, restrict insurers’ ability to pay dividends, restrict the allowable investment types and investment mixes, and subject the Company’s insurers to assessments.

The Company’s insurance subsidiaries Heritage Property & Casualty Insurance Company (“Heritage P&C)”, Narragansett Bay Insurance Company (“NBIC”), Zephyr Insurance Company (“Zephyr”), and Pawtucket Insurance Company (“PIC”) must maintain capital and surplus ratios or balances as determined by the regulatory authority of the states in which they are domiciled. Heritage P&C is required to maintain capital and surplus equal to the greater of $ 15.0 million or 10 % of its respective liabilities . Zephyr is

required to maintain a deposit of $ 750,000 in a federally insured financial institution. NBIC is required to maintain capital and surplus of $ 3.0 million. The combined statutory surplus for Heritage P&C, Zephyr, and NBIC was $ 220.7 million at September 30, 2023 and $ 276.3 million at December 31, 2022. State law also requires the Company’s insurance subsidiaries to adhere to prescribed premium-to-capital surplus ratios, and risk-based capital requirements with which the Company's insurance subsidiaries are in compliance. At September 30, 2023, the Company’s insurance subsidiaries met the financial and regulatory requirements of each of the states in which they conduct business.

NOTE 17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company is involved in claims-related legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues amounts resulting from claims-related legal actions in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses during the period that it determines an unfavorable outcome becomes probable and it can estimate the amounts. Management makes revisions to its estimates based on its analysis of subsequent information that the Company receives regarding various factors, including: (i) per claim information; (ii) company and industry historical loss experience; (iii) judicial decisions and legal developments in the awarding of damages; and (iv) trends in general economic conditions, including the effects of inflation.

NOTE 18. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

From time to time the Company has been party to various related party transactions involving certain of its officers, directors and significant stockholders, including as set forth below. The Company has entered into each of these arrangements without obligation to continue its effect in the future and the associated expense was immaterial to its results of operations or financial position as of September 30, 2023 and 2022.

•

In July 2019, the Board of Directors appointed Mark Berset to the Board of Directors of the Company. Mr. Berset is also the Chief Executive Officer of Comegys Insurance Agency, Inc. (“Comegys”), an independent insurance agency that writes policies for the Company. The Company pays commission to Comegys based upon standard industry rates consistent with those provided to the Company’s other insurance agencies. There are no arrangements or understandings between Mr. Berset and any other persons with respect to his appointment as a director. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid agency commission to Comegys of approximately $ 61,730 and $ 53,735 , respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid agency commission to Comegys of approximately $ 185,400 and $ 549,990 , respectively.

NOTE 19. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company provides a 401(k) plan for all qualifying employees. The Company provides a matching contribution of 100 % on the first 3% of employees’ contribution and 50 % on the next 2% of the employees’ contribution to the plan. The maximum match is 4 %. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the contributions made to the plan on behalf of the participating employees were approximately $ 294,425 and $ 276,090 , respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the contributions made to the plan on behalf of the participating employees were approximately $ 1.0 million and $ 1.0 million, respectively.

Effective September 1, 2021, the Company enrolled in a flex healthcare plan which allows employees the choice of three medical plans with a range of coverage levels and costs. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred medical premium costs including healthcare premiums of $ 924,000 and $ 1.0 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred medical premium costs including healthcare premiums of $ 3.9 million and $ 3.4 million.

NOTE 20. EQUITY

The total amount of authorized capital stock consists of 50,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had 26,796,586 shares of common stock outstanding, 12,231,674 treasury shares of common stock and 1,821,912 unvested restricted common stock with accrued dividends reflecting additional paid-in capital of $ 336.8 million as of such date.

As more fully disclosed in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, as of December 31, 2022, there were 25,539,433 shares of common stock outstanding, 12,231,674 treasury shares of common stock and 648,493 unvested shares of restricted common stock with accrued dividends, representing $ 334.7 million of additional paid-in capital.

Common Stock

Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters subject to a vote of stockholders, subject to the rights of holders of any outstanding preferred stock. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election, subject to the rights of holders of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock will be entitled to receive ratably any dividends that the board of directors may declare out of funds legally available therefor, subject to any preferential dividend rights of outstanding preferred stock. Upon the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of common stock will be entitled to receive ratably the Company's net assets

available after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of holders of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. There is no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All outstanding shares of the Company’s capital stock are fully paid and non-assessable.

Stock Repurchase Program

On December 15, 2022, the Board of Directors established a new share repurchase program plan to commence on December 31, 2022 , for the purpose of repurchasing up to an aggregate of $ 10.0 million of common stock, through the open market or in such other manner as will comply with the terms of applicable federal and state securities laws and regulations, including without limitation, Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Act at any time or from time to time on or prior to December 31, 2023 (the "New Share Repurchase Plan").

At September 30, 2023, the Company has the capacity under the New Share Repurchase Plan to repurchase $ 10.0 million of its common stock until December 31, 2023.

Dividends

The declaration and payment of any future dividends will be subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on a variety of factors including the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

NOTE 21. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Restricted Stock

The Company has adopted the Heritage Insurance Holdings, Inc., 2023 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”), which became effective on June 7, 2023. The 2023 Plan authorized 2,125,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the Plan for future grants. Upon effectiveness of the 2023 Plan, no new awards may be granted under the prior Omnibus Incentive Plan, which will continue to govern the terms of awards previously made under such plan.

At September 30, 2023, there were in aggregate 887,165 shares available for grant under the 2023 Plan. The Company recognizes compensation expense under ASC 718 for its stock-based payments based on the fair value of the awards.

On July 11, 2023, the Company awarded 351,716 time-based restricted stock and 857,843 performance-based restricted stock, with a fair value at the time of grant of $ 4.08 per share under the Company’s 2023 Omnibus Incentive Plan to certain employees. The time-based restricted stock shall vest annually in three equal installments commencing on December 15, 2023. The performance based restricted stock has a three-year performance period beginning on January 1, 2023 and ending on December 31, 2025 and will vest following the end of the performance period but no later than March 30, 2026. The number of shares that will be earned at the end of the performance period is subject to decrease based on the results of the performance condition.

In June 2023, the Company awarded to non-employee directors in aggregate 63,744 shares of restricted stock with a fair value at the time of grant of $ 5.02 per share. In August 2023, the awards were amended to reflect the correct grant date fair market value that resulted in an adjustment to the number of shares of restricted stock awarded from 63,744 to 77,296 shares of restricted stock. The restricted stock shall vest on the earlier of (i) the one-year anniversary of the date of issuance and (ii) the day immediately prior to the date of the following year's annual meeting of stockholders, provided the member remains on the Board until such date.

In June 2022, the Company awarded to non-employee directors in aggregate 99,376 shares of restricted stock with a fair value at the time of grant of $ 3.22 per share. In August 2022, an award of 12,422 were forfeited due to the departure of a Board member. The awards vested on the next annual meeting of the Company's stockholders that occurred after the award date, provided the member remains on the Board until such date. The Company's annual shareholders meeting was held on June 7, 2023, at which time 86,954 shares of restricted stock were effectively vested.

The 2023 Plan authorizes the Company to grant stock options at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the dates the options are granted. The Company has not granted any stock options since 2015 and all unexercised stock options have since been forfeited.

Restricted stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:


				Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair
	Number of shares			Value per Share
Non-vested, at December 31, 2022		648,493		$	9.32
Granted - Performance-based restricted stock		857,843			4.08
Granted - Time-based restricted stock		429,012			4.09
Vested		( 107,754	)		2.95
Canceled and surrendered		( 54,702	)		3.98
Non-vested, at September 30, 2023		1,772,892		$	6.07

Awards are being amortized to expense over the one to five-year vesting period. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 the Company recognized $ 1.3 million and $ 499,000 of compensation expense, respectively. The Company recognized $ 2.1 million and $ 1.5 million of compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 107,754 shares of restricted stock previously granted to employees and non-employee directors were vested and released. Of the shares released to employees, 4,200 shares were withheld by the Company to cover withholding taxes of $ 7,560 , and there were also 50,502 shares forfeited upon employment terminations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 51,768 shares of restricted stock were vested and released, all of which had been granted to employees. Of the shares released to employees, 9,849 shares were withheld by the Company to cover withholding taxes of $ 58,000 .

At September 30, 2023, there was approximately $ 2.2 million unrecognized expense related to time-based non-vested restricted stock and an additional $ 3.3 million for performance-based restricted stock, net of expected forfeitures which is expected to be recognized over the remaining restriction periods as described in the table below. For the comparable period in 2022, there was in aggregate $ 2.6 million of unrecognized expense.

Additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding non-vested time-based restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock at September 30, 2023 is as follows:


Grant date	Restricted shares unvested		Share Value at Grant Date Per Share		Remaining Restriction Period (Years)
January 4, 2021		111,857		10.43		0.7
April 13, 2021		32,681		10.71		0.7
October 18, 2021		56,363		6.89		0.7
March 3, 2022		12,727		5.50		1.5
March 16, 2022		321,429		6.72		1.5
June 19, 2023		77,296		4.14		0.8
July 11, 2023		1,160,539		4.08		2.9
Total		1,772,892

NOTE 22. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued and determined there were no recognized or unrecognized subsequent events that would require an adjustment or additional disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes and other information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”). Unless the context requires otherwise, as used in this Form 10-Q, the terms “we”, “us”, “our”, “the Company”, “our Company”, and similar references refer to Heritage Insurance Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.

Overview

We are a super-regional property and casualty insurance holding company that primarily provides personal and commercial residential insurance products across our multi-state footprint. We provide personal residential insurance in Alabama, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia and commercial residential insurance in Florida, New Jersey, and New York. We provide personal residential insurance in Florida and South Carolina on both an admitted and non-admitted basis and in California on a non-admitted basis. As a vertically integrated insurer, we control or manage substantially all aspects of risk management, underwriting, claims processing and adjusting, actuarial rate making and reserving, customer service, and distribution. Our financial strength ratings are important to us in establishing our competitive position and can impact our ability to write policies.

Recent Developments

Economic and Market Factors

We continue to monitor the effects of general changes in economic and market conditions on our business. As a result of general inflationary pressures, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, increased cost of materials and labor needed for repairs and to otherwise remediate claims throughout all states in which we conduct business. Additionally, we anticipate continued rising costs and constrained availability of catastrophe reinsurance. We mitigate these conditions by continued exposure management, implementation of increased rates and the use of inflation guard, which ensures appropriate replacement cost values for our business to reflect the inflationary impact on costs to repair properties.

The table below provides policy count, premiums-in-force, and TIV for Florida and all other states as of September 30, 2023 and compares these metrics to the third quarter of 2022. One of our strategies has been to reduce personal lines exposure in Florida, given historical abusive claims practices. Florida policies-in-force declined from the prior year quarter by 15.6% with a 19.6% increase in premiums-in-force, and a TIV increase of only 1.8%. The increase in Florida premiums-in-force was driven by organic growth of our commercial residential business, rate increases across the book of business and use of inflation guard, partly offset by premium reductions associated with a 16.0% reduction of our personal lines policies. The Florida TIV increase is similarly driven by strategic growth of our commercial residential portfolio as well as use of inflation guard across the book of business, partly offset by a Florida personal lines TIV decrease of 9.4%. Compared to the third quarter of 2022, premiums-in-force for markets outside of Florida decreased 1.1%, and the policy count decreased 12.6% due to underwriting actions and intentional exposure management which resulted in a TIV decrease of 4.5%.

The Supplemental Information table demonstrates progress on our initiatives compared to the third quarter 2022.


Policies-in-force:		Q3 2023			Q3 2022		% Change
Florida			158,914			188,383		(15.6	)	%
Other States			308,683			352,989		(12.6	)	%
Total			467,597			541,372		(13.6	)	%

Premiums-in-force:
Florida	$		681,067,580	$		569,589,537		19.6		%
Other States			665,351,760			672,812,875		(1.1	)	%
Total	$		1,346,419,340	$		1,242,402,412		8.4		%

Total Insured Value:
Florida	$		104,654,005,306	$		102,784,056,201		1.8		%
Other States			290,916,611,744			304,657,398,158		(4.5	)	%
Total	$		395,570,617,050	$		407,441,454,359		(2.9	)	%

Strategic Profitability Initiatives

The following provides an update to our strategic initiatives that are expected to enable us to achieve consistent long-term quarterly earnings and drive shareholder value.

•

Generate underwriting profit through rate adequacy and more selective underwriting.

Continued significant rating actions throughout the book of business resulting in an increase in average premium per policy throughout the book of 25.5% compared to the third quarter of 2022 and 5.1% from the second quarter of 2023.

Premiums-in-force of $1.3 billion were up 8.4% from the prior year quarter, while policy count was down 13.6%, resulting from continued underwriting efforts to manage exposure for personal residential business throughout our footprint, while selectively growing the Company’s commercial residential business.

Continued focus on tightening underwriting criteria while also restricting new business for policies written in over-concentrated markets or products.

•

Allocate capital to products and geographies that maximize long-term returns.

Strategically increased Florida commercial residential premiums-in-force by 75.3% over the prior year quarter while total insured value (“TIV”) for that product increased 30.9% and policies in force increased by only 9.5%.

Reduction of policy count for the Florida personal lines product remains a key focus and will continue until the positive impact of recent legislation to reduce abusive claims practices is realized. Policies in force for Florida personal lines business intentionally declined by 16.0% as compared to the prior year period and 4.2% from the second quarter of 2023.

This disciplined underwriting approach resulted in a policy count reduction from the prior year quarter of 12.6% in other states with only a 1.1% decrease in premiums-in-force and a TIV decrease of 4.5%.

•

Maintain a balanced and diversified portfolio.

Even with the substantial increase in commercial business, no state represents over 26.5% of the Company's TIV.

TIV for the top four states grew by 0.6% while TIV for the smallest five states grew by 24.5%.

As a result of diversification efforts, the top five personal lines states represented 71.7% of all TIV at third quarter 2023 compared to 72.2% of all TIV at third quarter 2022.

Florida TIV increased 1.8% related to intentional growth of the Company’s commercial residential product and the use of inflation guard, partly offset by the decrease in Florida personal lines policies over the prior year quarter.

TIV outside of Florida represented 73.5% of the entire portfolio, compared to 74.8% as of the third quarter of 2022, driven by exposure management of personal lines business throughout the book and selective growth of Florida commercial lines business.

•

Provide coverage suitable to the market and return targets.

Selective expansion of Excess & Surplus lines (“E&S”) premium-in-force in California, Florida, and South Carolina.

Continue to evaluate other strategic states for E&S products.

Reinsurance Commutation

As further described in Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies, to the condensed consolidated financial statements for the second quarter of 2023, our 2017 reinsurance agreement with the FHCF required a commutation no later than 60 months after the end of the contract year. As part of this process, Heritage and FHCF terminated the 2017 reinsurance agreement and agreed on the amount that the FHCF would pay to the Company to settle all outstanding losses owed under the agreement related to losses from Hurricane Irma. As such, this commutation process resulted in a final determination of and payment for known, unknown or unreported claims relating to Hurricane Irma. Social inflation and the litigated claims environment in the State of Florida, which affected Hurricane Irma claims, could result in adverse development of these claims, which creates uncertainty as to the ultimate cost to settle all of the remaining Hurricane Irma claims. Accordingly, the final amount paid by the FHCF could vary from the Company’s future estimation of losses to be recovered from the FHCF. The commutation process was finalized and binding for both parties upon completion which occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The final payment by the FHCF was received by the Company in September 2023.

Overview of 2023 Financial Results

In the following section, we discuss our financial condition and results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.

The discussion of our financial condition and results of operations that follows provides information that will assist the reader in understanding our consolidated financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements from year to year,

including certain key performance indicators such as net combined ratio, ceded premium ratio, net expense ratio and net loss ratio, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles, policies and estimates affect our consolidated financial statements. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

•

Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $7.4 million or ($0.28) per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $48.2 million or ($1.83) per diluted share in the prior year quarter. The variance from the prior year quarter is due to higher net premiums earned and net investment income, and lower net losses incurred, partly offset by higher operating expenses, primarily associated with the increase in gross premiums written from the prior year quarter and systems implementation costs. The Company also benefited from the reduction of the valuation allowance related to certain tax elections made by Osprey Re, our captive reinsurer domiciled in Bermuda.

•

Gross premiums written were $309.5 million, up 1.6% from $304.5 million in the prior year quarter, reflecting a strategic and substantial increase in Florida commercial residential lines business and higher average premium per policy throughout the book of business, partly offset by intentional exposure management related to premium reductions in personal lines business throughout our footprint. Gross premium written for Florida personal lines business was relatively flat due to rate increases, despite a 16.0% reduction in policy count from the prior year quarter.

•

Gross premiums earned were $337.0 million, up 9.4% from $308.0 million in the prior year quarter, reflecting higher gross premiums written over the last twelve months driven by a higher average premium per policy and organic growth of the commercial residential business.

•

Net premiums earned were $176.7 million, up 10.6% from $159.7 million in the prior year quarter, reflecting higher gross premium earned outpacing the increase in ceded premiums for the quarter.

•

Losses and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE") incurred were $131.4 million, down 15.7% from $155.8 million in the prior year quarter. The decrease primarily stems from lower attritional losses and lower weather losses compared to the prior year quarter. Net current accident year weather losses were $51.6 million, down from $63.8 million in the prior year quarter. Current quarter catastrophe losses were $40.1 million, relatively flat compared to catastrophe weather losses of $40.0 million in the prior year quarter. Other weather losses were $11.5 million, down from $23.8 million in the prior year quarter.

•

Ceded premium ratio was 47.6%, down 0.5 points from 48.1% in the prior year quarter driven by higher gross premiums earned, partly offset by the higher cost each year of the catastrophe excess of loss program, which incepts in June.

•

Net loss and LAE ratio was 74.4%, down 23.2 points from 97.6 in the prior year quarter, driven by higher net premiums earned and lower net losses and LAE, mostly due to lower weather and attritional losses as described above.

•

Net expense ratio was 36.4%, up 0.7 points from the prior year quarter amount of 35.7%, driven by higher general and administrative costs mostly related to software and associated costs with the implementation of a new claims system aimed at driving future efficiencies, and higher human capital costs.

•

Net combined ratio was 110.8%, improving 22.5 points from 133.3% in the prior year quarter, driven by a lower net loss ratio as described above.

•

Effective tax rate was 38.3% compared to 2.2% in the prior year quarter, driven by the impact of changes to a valuation allowance which is updated quarterly, as well as permanent differences in relation to projected annual pre-tax income or loss. The valuation allowance relates to tax elections made by Osprey Re. For the current year quarter, the valuation allowance decreased, while for the prior year quarter, the valuation allowance was established.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			$ Change			% Change
(Unaudited)	(In thousands)
REVENUE:
Gross premiums written	$	309,510		$	304,501		$	5,009			1.6	%
Change in gross unearned premiums		27,466			3,458			24,007		NM
Gross premiums earned		336,976			307,959			29,017			9.4	%
Ceded premiums		(160,335	)		(148,266	)		(12,069	)		8.1	%
Net premiums earned		176,641			159,693			16,948			10.6	%
Net investment income		6,867			2,887			3,980			137.9	%
Net realized gains		(379	)		(3	)		(376	)	NM
Other revenue		3,171			2,916			255			8.7	%
Total revenue	$	186,300		$	165,493		$	20,807			12.6	%

NM= Not Meaningful

Total revenue

Total revenue was $186.3 million for the third quarter of 2023, up 12.6% from $165.5 million in the prior year quarter. The increase primarily stems from higher net premiums earned and net investment income as described below.

Gross premiums written

Gross premiums written were $309.5 million for the third quarter of 2023, up 1.6% from $304.5 million in the prior year quarter, reflecting a strategic and substantial increase in Florida commercial residential lines business and a higher average premium per policy throughout the book of business, partly offset by intentional targeted exposure management resulting in premium reductions of personal lines business in most of our larger states. Gross premiums written for Florida personal lines business was up $5.8 million due to rate increases, despite a 16.0% reduction in policy count from the prior year quarter.

Premiums-in-force were $1.3 billion at September 30, 2023, representing an 8.4% increase from the prior year quarter, primarily due to continued proactive underwriting actions and rate increases across the entire portfolio, despite an intentional policy count reduction of approximately 74,000 policies. Premiums-in-force were also favorably impacted by strategic growth of the Company’s commercial residential product and use of inflation guard across all products. Concurrently, TIV was down by 2.9%.

Gross premiums earned

Gross premiums earned were $337.0 million for the third quarter of 2023 up 9.4% from $308.0 million in the prior year quarter, reflecting higher gross premiums written over the last twelve months driven by a higher average premium per policy, use of inflation guard, and organic growth of the commercial residential business.

Ceded premiums

Ceded premiums were $160.3 million for the third quarter of 2023, up 8.1% from $148.3 million in the prior year quarter. The increase is attributable to significantly higher reinsurance costs for the respective reinsurance contract periods.

Net premiums earned

Net premiums earned were $176.6 million for the third quarter of 2023, up 10.6% from $159.7 million in the prior year quarter. The increase primarily stems from growth in gross premiums earned outpacing the increase in ceded premiums, as described above.

Net investment income

Net investment income, inclusive of realized investment gains and unrealized gains on equity securities, was $6.8 million for the third quarter of 2023, up from $2.9 million in the prior year quarter. The increase is primarily due to higher yields on cash and invested assets associated with higher interest rates.

Other revenue

Other revenue was $3.2 million for the third quarter of 2023, up 8.3% from $2.9 million in the prior year quarter, mostly driven by higher rental income.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023		2022		$ Change			% Change
OPERATING EXPENSES:	(In thousands)
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		131,397		155,849		(24,452	)		(15.7	)%
Policy acquisition costs		42,427		39,194		3,233			8.2	%
General and administrative expenses		21,911		17,758		4,152			23.4	%
Total operating expenses		195,735		212,801		963,858			452.9	%

Losses and loss adjustment expenses

Losses and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE") incurred were $131.4 million for the third quarter of 2023, down 15.7% from $155.8 million in the prior year quarter. The decrease primarily stems from lower attritional losses and lower weather losses compared to the prior year quarter. Net current accident year weather losses were $51.6 million, down from $63.8 million in the prior year quarter. Current quarter catastrophe losses were $40.1 million, relatively flat compared to catastrophe weather losses of $40.0 million in the prior year quarter. Catastrophe losses in the current quarter include retentions for the Maui wildfires and Hurricane Idalia totaling $40.0 million and for the three months ended September 30, 2022 include a $40.0 million retention for Hurricane Ian. Catastrophe losses in the prior year quarter include our retention for Hurricane Ian. Other weather losses were $11.5 million, down from $23.8 million in the prior year quarter. Additionally, we experienced $793,000 of net unfavorable prior year development compared to $1.0 million of net favorable prior year development in the prior year quarter.

Policy acquisition costs

Policy acquisition costs were $42.4 million for the third quarter of 2023, up 8.2% from $39.2 million in the prior year quarter. The increase is primarily attributable to acquisition costs associated with growth in gross premiums written and is partly offset by higher ceding commission income.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses were $21.9 million for the third quarter of 2023, up 23.4% from $17.8 million in the prior year quarter. The increase was driven primarily by software costs associated with the implementation of a new claims system that was placed in service in June 2023 and human capital costs.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			$ Change			% Change
(Unaudited)	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Operating loss		(9,435	)		(47,308	)		37,874			(80.1	)%
Interest expense, net		2,591			2,027			563			27.8	%
Loss before income taxes		(12,026	)		(49,335	)		37,308			(75.6	)%
Benefit for income taxes		(4,602	)		(1,095	)		(3,508	)		320.5	%
Net loss	$	(7,424	)	$	(48,240	)	$	40,816			(84.6	)%
Basic loss per share	$	(0.28	)	$	(1.83	)	$	1.55			(84.8	)%
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.28	)	$	(1.83	)	$	1.55			(84.8	)%

NM -Not meaningful

Net (loss) income

Net loss for the third quarter of 2023 was $7.4 million or ($0.28) per diluted share, an improvement from a net loss of $48.2 million or ($1.83) per diluted share in the prior year quarter. The improvement from the prior year quarter is primarily due to growth in net premiums earned and net investment income, and lower net losses incurred as described above partly offset by higher policy acquisition and general and administrative costs, as described above, primarily associated with the increase in gross premiums written over the prior year quarter and systems implementation costs, which resulted in a lower combined ratio than the prior year quarter. The Company also benefited from the tax benefit associated with a reduction of the valuation allowance described below.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net was $2.6 million for the third quarter of 2023, up 27.8% from $2.0 million in the prior year quarter and driven by higher variable interest rates on our debt.

Benefit from income taxes

The benefit from income taxes was $4.6 million for the third quarter of 2023 compared to $1.1 million in the prior year quarter. The effective tax rate for third quarter 2023 was 38.3% compared to 2.2% in the prior year quarter. The effective tax rate in third quarter 2023 benefited from a reduction in the valuation allowance related to certain tax elections made by Osprey Re, the Company’s captive reinsurer domiciled in Bermuda. The effective tax rate in third quarter 2022 was impacted by the establishment of a $10.7 million increase in the deferred tax valuation allowance related to Osprey Re. The impact of permanent tax differences on projected

results of operations for the calendar year impacts the effective tax rate, which can also fluctuate throughout the year as estimates used in the quarterly tax provision are updated with additional information.

Ratios


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023			2022
Ceded premium ratio		47.6	%		48.1	%

Net loss and LAE ratio		74.4	%		97.6	%
Net expense ratio		36.4	%		35.7	%
Net combined ratio		110.8	%		133.3	%

Net combined ratio

The net combined ratio was 110.8% for the third quarter of 2023, down 22.5 points from 133.3% in the prior year quarter. The decrease primarily stems from lower net loss and LAE and net expense ratios as described below.

Ceded premium ratio

The ceded premium ratio was 47.6% for the third quarter of 2023, down 0.5 points from 48.1% in the prior year quarter, primarily driven by a higher cost of the 2023-2024 and 2022-2023 catastrophe excess of loss programs, partly offset by higher gross premiums earned.

Net loss and LAE ratio

The net loss and LAE ratio was 74.4% for the third quarter of 2023, 23.2 points lower than the prior year quarter of 97.6%, primarily driven by higher net premiums earned, and lower higher net losses and LAE as described above.

Net expense ratio

The net expense ratio was 36.4% for the third quarter of 2023, up 0.7 points from the prior year quarter amount of 35.7%. The increase was primarily driven by higher general and administrative costs mostly related to software and associated costs with the implementation of a new claims system aimed at driving future efficiencies, and higher human capital costs.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			$ Change			% Change
(Unaudited)	(In thousands)
REVENUE:
Gross premiums written	$	1,016,378		$	952,981		$	63,397			6.7	%
Change in gross unearned premiums		(32,366	)		(61,442	)		29,077			(47.3	)%
Gross premiums earned		984,012			891,539			92,473			10.4	%
Ceded premiums		(464,539	)		(420,645	)		(43,894	)		10.4	%
Net premiums earned		519,473			470,894			48,579			10.3	%
Net investment income		19,048			7,050			11,998			170.2	%
Net realized gains		(49	)		(121	)		72			(59.3	)%
Other revenue		10,060			10,049			12			0.1	%
Total revenue	$	548,532		$	487,872		$	60,661			12.4	%

Total revenue

Total revenue was $548.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, up 12.4% from $487.9 million in the prior year period. The increase primarily stems from higher net premiums earned and net investment income, as described below.

Gross premiums written

Gross premiums written were $1.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, up 6.7% from $953.0 million in the prior period, reflecting a strategic and substantial increase in Florida commercial residential lines business and a higher average premium per policy throughout the book of business, partly offset by intentional targeted exposure management resulting in premium reductions on personal business in some of our larger states. Gross premiums written for Florida personal lines business was relatively flat due to rate increases, despite a 16.0% reduction in policy count from the prior year quarter.

Premiums-in-force were $1.3 billion as of September 30, 2023, represented an 8.4% increase from third quarter 2022, primarily due to continued proactive underwriting actions and rate increases across the entire portfolio, despite an intentional policy count reduction of approximately 74,000 policies. Premiums-in-force were also favorably impacted by strategic growth of the Company’s commercial residential product and use of inflation guard across all products. Concurrently, TIV was down by 2.9%.

Gross premiums earned

Gross premiums earned were $984.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, up 10.4% from $891.5 million in the prior year period. The increase reflects higher gross premiums written over the preceding twelve months driven by a higher average premium per policy, use of inflation guard, and organic growth of the commercial residential business.

Ceded premiums

Ceded premiums were $464.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, up 10.4% from $420.6 million in the prior year period. The increase is primarily attributable to significantly higher reinsurance costs for the respective reinsurance contract periods.

Net premiums earned

Net premiums earned were $519.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, up 10.3% from $470.9 million in the prior year period. The increase primarily stems from growth in gross premiums earned outpacing the increase in ceded premiums earned, as described above.

Net investment income

Net investment income, inclusive of realized investment gains and unrealized gains on equity securities, was $19.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, up from $7.0 million in the prior year period. The increase is primarily due to higher yields on cash and invested assets associated with higher interest rates.


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023		2022		$ Change			% Change
OPERATING EXPENSES:	(In thousands)
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		335,495		397,409		(61,913	)		(15.6	)%
Policy acquisition costs		124,202		115,826		8,377			7.2	%
General and administrative expenses		61,022		54,947		6,075			11.1	%
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment		767		91,959		(91,193	)		(99.2	)%
Total operating expenses		521,486		660,141		(138,654	)		(21.0	)%

Total operating expenses

Total operating expenses were $521.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, down 21% from $660.1 million in the prior year period, primarily due to the $92.0 million goodwill impairment charge taken in the prior year period described below, and a $61.9 million decrease in losses and loss adjustment expenses detailed below.

Losses and loss adjustment expenses

Losses and LAE were $335.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, down 15.6% from $397.4 million in the prior year period, primarily driven by lower weather and attritional losses. Net current accident year weather losses were $98.2 million, down 40.7% from $165.7 million in the prior year period. Current accident year weather losses include $45.1 million of net current accident year catastrophe losses, down 61.4% from $117.1 million in the prior year period, and $53.1 million of other weather losses, up from $48.6 million in the prior year period. Net current accident year catastrophe losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 include retentions for the Maui wildfires and Hurricane Idalia totaling $40.0 million and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 include a $40.0 million retention for Hurricane Ian. Additionally, we experienced $3.5 million of net favorable prior year development compared to $1.5 million of net unfavorable prior year development in the prior year period.

Policy acquisition costs

Policy acquisition costs were $124.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, up 7.2% from $115.8 million in the prior year period. The increase is attributable to acquisition costs associated with growth in gross premiums written and is partly offset by higher ceding commission income.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses were $61.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, up 11.1% from $54.9 million in the prior year period. The increase was driven primarily by software costs associated with the implementation of a new claims system that was placed in service in June 2023 and human capital costs.

Impairment of Named Intangibles and Goodwill

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, certain brand and customer relations with a net value of $766,600 within the Company's restoration provider were impaired due to the discontinuation of providing restoration services to our policyholders. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as a result of a goodwill impairment analysis, the entire amount of remaining goodwill was impaired, reducing our carrying value of goodwill from $92.0 million to $0.


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022			$ Change		% Change
(Unaudited)	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Operating income (loss)		27,046		(172,269	)		199,315		(115.7	)%
Interest expense, net		8,211		5,750			2,461		42.8	%
Income (loss) before income taxes		18,835		(178,019	)		196,854		(110.6	)%
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		4,472		(11,155	)		15,627		(140.1	)%
Net income (loss)	$	14,363	$	(166,864	)	$	181,227		(108.6	)%
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.55	$	(6.29	)	$	6.84		(147.8	)%
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.55	$	(6.29	)	$	6.84		(147.8	)%

Net income (loss)

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $14.4 million ($0.55 earnings per share), compared to a net loss of $166.9 million ($6.29 loss per share) in the prior year period. The improvement from the prior year period is primarily due to higher underwriting income driven by growth in net premiums earned and net investment income, and lower net losses incurred as described above partly offset by higher general and administrative expenses and policy acquisition costs, as described above, which resulted in a lower combined ratio than the prior year period. Additionally, the year-over-year improvement is impacted by the $90.8 million (net of a $1.2 million tax deductible portion) non-cash goodwill impairment charge for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 described above (contributing a $3.41 loss per share). Finally, net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included the favorable impact of a reduction of the valuation allowance for Osprey Re described above, while net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was unfavorably impacted by the mostly non-deductible goodwill impairment charge and the establishment of a valuation allowance for Osprey Re.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net was $8.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, up from $5.8 million for the prior year period, driven by higher variable interest rates on our debt.

Provision (benefit) from income taxes

The provision from income taxes was $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to a benefit from income taxes of $11.2 million in the prior year period. The effective tax rate was 23.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 6.3% for the prior year period. The impact of permanent tax differences on projected results of operations for the calendar year affects the effective tax rate, which can also fluctuate throughout the year as estimates used in the quarterly tax provision are updated with additional information . The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was also impacted by a reduction in the valuation allowance related to certain tax elections made by Osprey Re. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was impacted by the establishment of a $10.7 million increase in the deferred tax valuation allowance related to Osprey Re as well as the mostly non-deductible goodwill impairment charge described above.

Ratios


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023			2022
Ceded premium ratio		47.2	%		47.2	%

Net loss and LAE ratio		64.6	%		84.4	%
Net expense ratio		35.7	%		36.3	%
Net combined ratio		100.2	%		120.7	%

Net combined ratio

The net combined ratio was 100.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, down 20.5 points from 120.7% in the prior year period. The decrease primarily stems from lower net loss and LAE and net expense ratios, primarily driven by higher net premiums earned and lower losses as described above.

Ceded premium ratio

The ceded premium ratio was 47.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, flat from 47.2% in the prior year period, reflecting the growth in gross premiums earned outpacing the growth in ceded premiums earned as described above.

Net loss and LAE ratio

The net loss and LAE ratio was 64.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, down 19.8 points from 84.4% in the prior year period, primarily driven by higher net premiums earned and significantly lower weather and attritional losses compared to the prior year period as described above.

Net expense ratio

The net expense ratio was 35.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, down 0.6 points from 36.3% in the prior year period, primarily driven by the benefit of higher net premiums earned over the prior year period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity include cash flows generated from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents, our marketable securities balances and borrowings available under our Credit Facilities. At September 30, 2023, we had $238.6 million of cash and cash equivalents and $665.0 million in investments, compared to $287.6 million and $653.6 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2022. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents relates primarily to timing of receipts of reinsurance recoveries from claim payments related to hurricane losses.

We generally hold substantial cash balances to meet seasonal liquidity needs including amounts to pay quarterly reinsurance installments as well as meet the collateral requirements of Osprey Re, our captive reinsurance company, which is required to maintain a collateral trust account equal to the risk that it assumes from our insurance company affiliates.

We believe that our sources of liquidity are adequate to meet our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months.

We may increase capital expenditures consistent with our investment plans and anticipated business strategies. Cash and cash equivalents may not be sufficient to fund such expenditures. As such, in addition to the use of our existing Credit Facilities, we may need to utilize additional debt to secure funds for such purposes.

Cash Flows


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			Change
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(29,342	)	$	(15,480	)	$	(13,863	)
Investing activities		(12,391	)		(33,507	)		21,116
Financing activities		(7,258	)		(11,952	)		4,694
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(48,991	)	$	(60,939	)	$	11,948

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $29.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to cash used in operating activities of $15.5 million for the comparable period in 2022. The increase in cash from operating activities relates primarily to timing of cash flows associated with claim and reinsurance payments as well as reinsurance reimbursements during the first nine months of 2023 compared to the first nine months of 2022, as described above.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $12.4 million as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $33.5 million for the comparable period in 2022. The change in cash used in investing activities relates primarily to the timing of investment maturities and related re-investment of proceeds and operating cash into short-term treasury bills. In addition, cash was expended in both periods for a new policy, billing and claims system, which is reported as software in progress in Note 6. Property and Equipment. The claims portion of the system was placed in service during the second quarter of 2023.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $7.3 million, as compared to cash used in financing activities of $12.0 million for the comparable period in 2022. The change in net cash used in financing activities relates primarily to the principal payments made on debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the repurchase of $5 million in treasury stock, payment of $4.8 million of dividends, and a $25 million draw from our Revolving Credit Facility (defined below) to purchase and retire $22.5 million of Convertible Notes (defined below).

Credit Facilities

The Company is party to a Credit Agreement by and among the Company, as borrower, certain subsidiaries of the Company from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), Regions Bank, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, BMO Harris Bank N.A., as Syndication Agent, Hancock Whitney Bank and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, as Co-Documentation Agents, and Regions Capital Markets and BMO Capital Markets Corp., as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners (as amended from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”).

The Credit Agreement, as amended, provides for (1) a five-year senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $100 million (the “Term Loan Facility”) and (2) a five-year senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $50 million (inclusive of a sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit equal to the unused amount of the revolving credit facility and a sublimit for swingline loans equal to the lesser of $25 million and the unused amount of the revolving credit facility) (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Credit Facilities”).

At our option, borrowings under the Credit Facilities bear interest at rates equal to either (1) a rate determined by reference to SOFR, plus an applicable margin (described below) and a credit adjustment spread equal to 0.10% or (2) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the “prime rate” of Regions Bank, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, and (c) the adjusted term SOFR in effect on such day for an interest period of one month plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin (described below).

The applicable margin for loans under the Credit Facilities varies from 2.75% per annum to 3.25% per annum (for SOFR loans) and 1.75% to 2.25% per annum (for base rate loans) based on our consolidated leverage ratio ranging from 1.25-to-1 to greater than 2.25-to-1. Interest payments with respect to the Credit Facilities are required either on a quarterly basis (for base rate loans) or at the end of each interest period (for SOFR loans) or, if the duration of the applicable interest period exceeds three months, then every three months. As of September 30, 2023, the borrowings under the Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility are accruing interest at a rate of 8.184% and 8.170% per annum, respectively.

In addition to paying interest on outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, we are required to pay a quarterly commitment fee based on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, which is determined by our consolidated leverage ratio.

We may prepay the loans under the Credit Facilities, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty, subject to certain conditions including minimum amounts and reimbursement of certain costs in the case of prepayments of SOFR loans. In addition, we are required to prepay the loan under the Term Loan Facility with the proceeds from certain financing transactions, involuntary dispositions or asset sales (subject, in the case of asset sales, to reinvestment rights).

All obligations under the Credit Facilities are or will be guaranteed by each existing and future direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiary of the Company, other than all of the Company’s current and future regulated insurance subsidiaries (collectively, the “Guarantors”).

The Company and the Guarantors are party to a Pledge and Security Agreement, (as amended from time to time the “Security Agreement”), in favor of Regions Bank, as collateral agent. Pursuant to the Security Agreement, amounts borrowed under the Credit Facilities are secured on a first priority basis by a perfected security interest in substantially all of the present and future assets of the Company and each Guarantor (subject to certain exceptions), including all of the capital stock of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries, other than its regulated insurance subsidiaries.

The Credit Agreement contains, among other things, covenants, representations and warranties and events of default customary for facilities of this type. The Company is required to maintain, as of each fiscal quarter (1) a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of

2.50 to 1.00, stepping down to 2.25 to 1.00 as of the second quarter of 2024 and 2.00 to 1.00 as of the second quarter of 2025, (2) a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.20 to 1.00 and (3) a minimum consolidated net worth for the Company and its subsidiaries, which is required to be not less than $100 million plus 50% of positive quarterly net income (including its subsidiaries and regulated subsidiaries) plus the net cash proceeds of any equity transactions. Events of default include, among other events, (i) nonpayment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts; (ii) failure to perform or observe certain covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement; (iii) breach of any representation or warranty; (iv) cross-default to other indebtedness; (v) bankruptcy and insolvency defaults; (vi) monetary judgment defaults and material nonmonetary judgment defaults; (vii) customary ERISA defaults; (viii) a change of control of the Company; and (ix) failure to maintain specified catastrophe retentions in each of the Company’s regulated insurance subsidiaries.

Convertible Notes

On August 10, 2017, the Company and Heritage MGA, LLC (the “Notes Guarantor”) entered into a purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Citigroup Global Markets Inc., as the initial purchaser (the “Initial Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, and the Initial Purchaser agreed to purchase, $136.8 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 5.875% Convertible Senior Notes due 2037 (the “Convertible Notes”) in a private placement transaction pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Purchase Agreement contained customary representations, warranties and agreements of the Company and the Notes Guarantor and customary conditions to closing, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties and termination provisions. The net proceeds from the offering of the Convertible Notes, after deducting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $120.5 million. The offering of the Convertible Notes was completed on August 16, 2017.

The Company issued the Convertible Notes under an Indenture (the “Convertible Note Indenture”), dated August 16, 2017, by and among the Company, as issuer, the Notes Guarantor, as guarantor, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”).

The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.875% per year. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears, on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company that rank senior in right of payment to the Company’s future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes; equal in right of payment to the Company’s unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness or other liabilities incurred by the Company’s subsidiaries other than the Notes Guarantor, which fully and unconditionally guarantee the Convertible Notes on a senior unsecured basis.

The Convertible Notes mature on August 1, 2037, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted.

Holders may convert their Convertible Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding February 1, 2037, other than during the period from, and including, February 1, 2022 to the close of business on the second business day immediately preceding August 5, 2022, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2017, if the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock, for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) in the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the calendar quarter immediately preceding the calendar quarter in which the conversion occurs, is more than 130% of the conversion price of the Convertible Notes in effect on each applicable trading day; (2) during the ten consecutive business-day period following any five consecutive trading-day period in which the trading price for the Convertible Notes for each such trading day was less than 98% of the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock on such date multiplied by the then-current conversion rate; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the Convertible Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second business day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

During the period from and including February 1, 2022 to the close of business on the second business day immediately preceding August 5, 2022, and on or after February 1, 2037 until the close of business on the second business day immediately preceding August 1, 2037, holders may surrender their Convertible Notes for conversion at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.

The conversion rate for the Convertible Notes was initially 67.0264 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $14.92 per share of common stock). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances and is subject to increase for holders that elect to convert their Convertible Notes in connection with certain corporate transactions (but not, at the Company’s election, a public acquirer change of control (as defined in the Convertible Note Indenture)) that occur prior to August 5, 2022.

Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the Convertible Note Indenture) (but not, at the Company’s election, a public acquirer change of control (as defined in the Convertible Note Indenture), holders of the Convertible Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of their Convertible Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal

to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

At any time prior to February 1, 2037, the Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Notes, at the Company’s option, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes, which means that the Company is not required to redeem or retire the Convertible Notes periodically. Holders of the Convertible Notes are able to cause the Company to repurchase their Convertible Notes for cash on any of August 1, 2022, August 1, 2027 and August 1, 2032, in each case at 100% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the relevant repurchase date.

The Convertible Note Indenture contains customary terms and covenants and events of default. If an Event of Default (as defined in the Convertible Note Indenture) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee by notice to the Company, or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes then outstanding by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare 100% of the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, all the Convertible Notes to be immediately due and payable. In the case of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization (as set forth in the Convertible Note Indenture) with respect to the Company, 100% of the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, the Convertible Notes automatically become immediately due and payable.

In January 2022, the Company repurchased $11.7 million principal amount of outstanding Convertible Notes. As of September 30, 2023, there was $885,000 principal amount of outstanding Convertible Notes, net of $21.1 million of Convertible Notes held by an insurance company subsidiary.

As discussed above, holders of the Convertible Notes issued by the Company had an optional put right, pursuant to the indenture governing the Convertible Notes, to require the Company to repurchase the aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes that are validly tendered. The Company received notice from the Depository for the Convertible Notes that, on July 29, 2022, $10.9 million aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes has been validly tendered in accordance with the terms of the indenture and the Company’s notice with respect to the optional put right of the Convertible Notes, and the Company has requested that the Trustee cancel the Convertible Notes tendered. The outstanding balance as of September 30, 2023 of non-affiliated Notes was $885,000. On August 1, 2022, the Company made payments for the principal amount of the Convertible Notes tendered and unpaid interest in the aggregate amounts of $10.9 million and $320,041, respectively. The Company has drawn $10.0 million from the Revolving Credit Facility to replenish the cash used to pay the $10.9 million for the purchase of the tendered Convertible Notes.

FHLB Loan Agreements

In December 2018, a subsidiary of the Company pledged U.S. government and agency fixed maturity securities with an estimated fair value of $25.3 million as collateral and received $19.2 million in a cash loan under an advance agreement with the FHLB Atlanta. The loan originated on December 12, 2018 and bears a fixed interest rate of 3.094% with interest payments due quarterly commencing in March 2019. On September 20, 2023, the Company restructured the agreement to extend the maturity date to March 28, 2025, with a 5.109% fixed interest rate payable quarterly commencing December 28, 2023. The subsidiary continues to be a member in the FHLB. Membership in the FHLB required an investment in FHLB’s common stock which was purchased on December 31, 2018 and valued at $1.4 million. As of September 30, 2023, the common stock was valued at $1.4 million. The subsidiary is permitted to withdraw any portion of the pledged collateral over the minimum collateral requirement at any time, other than in the event of a default by the subsidiary. The proceeds from the loan were used to prepay the Company’s Senior Secured Notes due 2023 in 2018.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

When we prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), we must make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts we report. Certain of these estimates result from judgments that can be subjective and complex. As a result of that subjectivity and complexity, and because we continuously evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on a variety of factors, actual results could materially differ from our estimates and assumptions if changes in one or more factors require us to make accounting adjustments. We have made no material changes or additions with regard to those policies and estimates as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The information set forth under Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies” is incorporated herein by reference. We do not expect any recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitati ve Disclosures About Market Risk.

The duration of the financial instruments held in our portfolio that are subject to interest rate risk was 2.605 years and 3.358 years at September 30, 2023 and 2022, and 3.179 years at December 31, 2022. As interest rates rise, the fair value of our fixed rate debt securities are subject to decline. Credit risk results from uncertainty in a counterparty’s ability to meet its obligations. Credit risk is managed by maintaining a high credit quality fixed maturity securities portfolio. As of September 30, 2023, the estimated weighted-average credit quality rating of the fixed maturity securities portfolio was A+, at fair value, consistent with the average rating at September 30, 2022.

We have not experienced a material impact when compared to the tabular presentations of our interest rate and market risk sensitive instruments in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) that are designed to assure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

As required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting during our most recent quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. There were no significant changes to our internal control over financial reporting for the period ending September 30, 2023.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is a party to claims and legal actions arising routinely in the ordinary course of our business. Although we cannot predict with certainty the ultimate resolution of the claims and lawsuits asserted against us, we do not believe that any currently pending legal proceedings to which we are a party will have a material adverse effect on our condensed consolidated financial position results of operations or cash flow.

Item 1A. Ri sk Factors

The Company documented its risk factors in Item 1A of Part I of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed on March 13, 2023. There have been no material changes to the Company’s risk factors since the filing of that report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Eq uity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not Applicable

Item 5. Other Informatio n

Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. E xhibits

The information required by this Item 6 is set forth in the Index to Exhibits accompanying this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Index to Exhibits


3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of Heritage Insurance Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 6, 2014
3.2	By-laws of Heritage Insurance Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 6, 2014
4	Form of Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-195409) filed on May 13, 2014)
31.1*	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.SC. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.SC. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002


101.INS*		Inline XBRL Instance Document (the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Data Document
101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith

† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	HERITAGE INSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

Date: November 6, 2023	By:	/s/ ERNESTO GARATEIX
		Ernesto Garateix
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

Date: November 6, 2023	By:	/s/ KIRK LUSK
		Kirk Lusk
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I F Item 1 Financial Statements Item 1 Financ Note 1. Basis Of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note 2. Investments Note 3. Fair Value Of Financial Measurements Note 4. Other Comprehensive (loss) Income Note 5. Leases Note 6. Property and Equipment, Net Note 7. Intangible Assets Note 8. Earnings (loss) Per Share Note 9. Deferred Reinsurance Ceding Commission Note 10. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Note 11. Income Taxes Note 12. Reinsurance Note 13. Reserve For Unpaid Losses Note 14. Long-term Debt Note 15. Accounts Payable and Other Liabilities Note 16. Statutory Accounting and Regulations Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies Note 18. Related Party Transactions Note 19. Employee Benefit Plans Note 20. Equity Note 21. Stock-based Compensation Note 22. Subsequent Events Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitati Item 4. Controls and Procedures Item 4. Controls Part II. Other Information Part II. Other Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1. Legal Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1A. Ri Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Eq Item 5. Other Information Item 5. Other Informatio Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Heritage Insurance Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 6, 2014 3.2 By-laws of Heritage Insurance Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Companys QuarterlyReport on Form 10-Q filed on August 6, 2014 4 Form of Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-195409) filed on May 13, 2014) 31.1* Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2* Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.1** Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.SC. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.2** Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.SC. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

HRTG 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2023

Exhibits