IBCP 10-Q Quarterly Report March 31, 2019 | Alphaminr
INDEPENDENT BANK CORP /MI/
ALPHAMINR

IBCP 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2019

Balance Sheet
Cash Flow
Income Statement
INDEPENDENT BANK CORP /MI/
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10-Q 1 form10q.htm 10-Q
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2019

Commission file number 0-7818

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Michigan
38-2032782
(State or jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

4200 East Beltline, Grand Rapids, Michigan  49525
(Address of principal executive offices)

(616) 527-5820
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

NONE
Former name, address and fiscal year, if changed since last report.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer  ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  Yes ☐  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
YES ☐  NO ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: common stock, no par value, 23,472,914 as of May 1, 2019.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each Class Trading Symbol
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value
IBCP
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

PART I -
Financial Information
Number(s)
Item 1.
3
4
5
6
7
8-56
Item 2.
57-77
Item 3.
78
Item 4.
78
PART II -
Other Information
Item 1A
79
Item 2.
79
Item 6.
80

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements in this report that are not statements of historical fact, including statements that include terms such as ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘may,’’ ‘‘should,’’ ‘‘believe,’’ ‘‘expect,’’ ‘‘forecast,’’ ‘‘anticipate,’’ ‘‘estimate,’’ ‘‘project,’’ ‘‘intend,’’ ‘‘likely,’’ ‘‘optimistic’’ and ‘‘plan’’ and statements about future or projected financial and operating results, plans, projections, objectives, expectations, and intentions, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, descriptions of plans and objectives for future operations, products or services; projections of our future revenue, earnings or other measures of economic performance; forecasts of credit losses and other asset quality trends; statements about our business and growth strategies; and expectations about economic and market conditions and trends. These forward-looking statements express our current expectations, forecasts of future events, or long-term goals. They are based on assumptions, estimates, and forecasts that, although believed to be reasonable, may turn out to be incorrect. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including:


•
economic, market, operational, liquidity, credit, and interest rate risks associated with our business;

•
economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry, particularly economic conditions within Michigan and the regional and local real estate markets in which our bank operates;

•
the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of, and provisions made to, our allowance for loan losses;

•
increased competition in the financial services industry, either nationally or regionally;

•
our ability to achieve loan and deposit growth;

•
volatility and direction of market interest rates;

•
the continued services of our management team; and

•
implementation of new legislation, which may have significant effects on us and the financial services industry.

This list provides examples of factors that could affect the results described by forward-looking statements contained in this report, but the list is not intended to be all-inclusive.  The risk factors disclosed in Part I – Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as updated by any new or modified risk factors disclosed in Part II – Item 1A of any subsequently filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, include all known risks our management believes could materially affect the results described by forward-looking statements in this report. However, those risks may not be the only risks we face. Our results of operations, cash flows, financial position, and prospects could also be materially and adversely affected by additional factors that are not presently known to us that we currently consider to be immaterial, or that develop after the date of this report. We cannot assure you that our future results will meet expectations. While we believe the forward-looking statements in this report are reasonable, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. In addition, these statements speak only as of the date made. We do not undertake, and expressly disclaim, any obligation to update or alter any statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Part I - Item 1.
INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(unaudited)
(In thousands, except share
amounts)
Assets
Cash and due from banks
$
33,247
$
23,350
Interest bearing deposits
38,376
46,894
Cash and Cash Equivalents
71,623
70,244
Interest bearing deposits - time
496
595
Equity securities at fair value
-
393
Securities available for sale
461,531
427,926
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost
18,359
18,359
Loans held for sale, carried at fair value
43,098
44,753
Loans held for sale, carried at lower of cost or fair value
-
41,471
Loans
Commercial
1,168,404
1,144,481
Mortgage
1,043,745
1,042,890
Installment
406,646
395,149
Total Loans
2,618,795
2,582,520
Allowance for loan losses
(25,254
)
(24,888
)
Net Loans
2,593,541
2,557,632
Other real estate and repossessed assets, net
1,338
1,299
Property and equipment, net
37,985
38,777
Bank-owned life insurance
55,310
55,068
Deferred tax assets, net
2,866
5,779
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights
19,909
21,400
Other intangibles
6,143
6,415
Goodwill
28,300
28,300
Accrued income and other assets
43,107
34,870
Total Assets
$
3,383,606
$
3,353,281
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Deposits
Non-interest bearing
$
858,261
$
879,549
Savings and interest-bearing checking
1,207,965
1,194,865
Reciprocal
267,178
182,072
Time
388,729
385,981
Brokered time
212,092
270,961
Total Deposits
2,934,225
2,913,428
Other borrowings
25,714
25,700
Subordinated debentures
39,405
39,388
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
39,536
35,771
Total Liabilities
3,038,880
3,014,287
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, no par value, 200,000 shares authorized;  none issued or outstanding
-
-
Common stock, no par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 23,560,179 shares at March 31, 2019 and 23,579,725 shares at December 31, 2018
374,678
377,372
Accumulated deficit
(23,135
)
(28,270
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(6,817
)
(10,108
)
Total Shareholders’ Equity
344,726
338,994
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
$
3,383,606
$
3,353,281

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

Three months ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(unaudited)
(In thousands, except
per share amounts)
Interest Income
Interest and fees on loans
$
32,681
$
23,353
Interest on securities
Taxable
3,006
2,635
Tax-exempt
374
479
Other investments
575
330
Total Interest Income
36,636
26,797
Interest Expense
Deposits
5,681
2,287
Other borrowings and subordinated debentures
712
574
Total Interest Expense
6,393
2,861
Net Interest Income
30,243
23,936
Provision for loan losses
664
315
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses
29,579
23,621
Non-interest Income
Service charges on deposit accounts
2,640
2,905
Interchange income
2,355
2,246
Net gains (losses) on assets
Mortgage loans
3,611
2,571
Securities
304
(173
)
Mortgage loan servicing, net
(1,215
)
2,221
Other
2,264
1,943
Total Non-interest Income
9,959
11,713
Non-interest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits
16,351
14,468
Occupancy, net
2,505
2,264
Data processing
2,144
1,878
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
1,029
967
Communications
769
680
Interchange expense
688
598
Loan and collection
634
677
Advertising
672
441
Legal and professional
369
378
FDIC deposit insurance
368
230
Merger related expenses
-
174
Other
2,461
1,380
Total Non-interest Expense
27,990
24,135
Income Before Income Tax
11,548
11,199
Income tax expense
2,167
2,038
Net Income
$
9,381
$
9,161
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic
$
0.40
$
0.43
Diluted
$
0.39
$
0.42

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Three months ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(unaudited –
In thousands)
Net income
$
9,381
$
9,161
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Securities available for sale
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period
5,364
(3,865
)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) for which a portion of other than temporary impairment has been recognized in earnings
(2
)
(1
)
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in earnings
(137
)
19
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on securities available for sale
5,225
(3,847
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
1,097
(808
)
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on securities available for sale, net of tax
4,128
(3,039
)
Derivative instruments
Unrealized gain (loss) arising during period
(912
)
684
Reclassification adjustment for (income) expense recognized in earnings
(149
)
(6
)
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative instruments
(1,061
)
678
Income tax expense (benefit)
(224
)
142
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative instruments, net of tax
(837
)
536
Other comprehensive income (loss)
3,291
(2,503
)
Comprehensive income
$
12,672
$
6,658

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)
INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Three months ended March 31,
2019
2018
(unaudited - In thousands)
Net Income
$
9,381
$
9,161
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash From Operating Activities
Proceeds from the sale of equity securities at fair value
560
-
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale
87,496
92,607
Disbursements for loans held for sale
(82,230
)
(84,748
)
Provision for loan losses
664
315
Deferred income tax expense
2,039
2,039
Deferred loan fees and costs
(111
)
(638
)
Net depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and premiums and accretion of discounts on securities,  loans and interest bearing deposits - time
1,479
1,819
Net gains on mortgage loans
(3,611
)
(2,571
)
Net (gains) losses on securities
(304
)
173
Share based compensation
420
407
Increase in accrued income and other assets
(8,107
)
(5,965
)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities
2,455
(5,711
)
Total Adjustments
750
(2,273
)
Net Cash From Operating Activities
10,131
6,888
Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities
Proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale
42,236
22,277
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments and calls of securities available for sale
32,533
34,067
Purchases of securities available for sale
(71,693
)
(23,637
)
Proceeds from the maturity of interest bearing deposits - time
100
1,000
Net increase in portfolio loans (loans originated, net of principal payments)
(65,653
)
(68,611
)
Proceeds from the sale of portfolio loans
40,630
16,460
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance
-
474
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate and repossessed assets
167
608
Capital expenditures
(511
)
(921
)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
(22,191
)
(18,283
)
Cash Flow From (Used in) Financing Activities
Net increase in total deposits
20,797
29,867
Net increase (decrease) in other borrowings
2
(6,753
)
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank Advances
-
40,000
Payments of Federal Home Loan Bank Advances
-
(60,000
)
Dividends paid
(4,246
)
(3,206
)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
282
13
Repurchase of common stock
(2,530
)
-
Share based compensation withholding obligation
(866
)
(888
)
Net Cash From (Used in) Financing Activities
13,439
(967
)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
1,379
(12,362
)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
70,244
54,738
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
$
71,623
$
42,376
Cash paid during the period for
Interest
$
6,253
$
2,656
Income taxes
-
-
Operating leases
563
-
Transfers to other real estate and repossessed assets
325
322
Purchase of securities available for sale not yet settled
1,500
3,220
Securitization of portfolio loans
29,790
-
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations
7,703
-

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

Common
Stock
Accumulated
Deficit
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Balances at January 1, 2019
$
377,372
$
(28,270
)
$
(10,108
)
$
338,994
Net income, three months ended March 31, 2019
-
9,381
-
9,381
Cash dividends declared, $.18 per share
-
(4,246
)
-
(4,246
)
Repurchase of 115,787 shares of common stock
(2,530
)
-
-
(2,530
)
Issuance of 68,399 shares of common stock
282
-
-
282
Share based compensation (issuance of 84,128 shares of common stock)
420
-
-
420
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 56,286 shares of common stock)
(866
)
-
-
(866
)
Other comprehensive income
-
-
3,291
3,291
Balances at March 31, 2019
$
374,678
$
(23,135
)
$
(6,817
)
$
344,726
Balances at January 1, 2018
$
324,986
$
(54,054
)
$
(5,999
)
$
264,933
Net income, three months ended March 31, 2018
-
9,161
-
9,161
Cash dividends declared, $.15 per share
-
(3,206
)
-
(3,206
)
Issuance of 3,800 shares of common stock
13
-
-
13
Share based compensation (issuance of 74,475 shares of common stock)
407
-
-
407
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 37,328 shares of common stock)
(888
)
-
-
(888
)
Other comprehensive loss
-
-
(2,503
)
(2,503
)
Balances at March 31, 2018
$
324,518
$
(48,099
)
$
(8,502
)
$
267,917

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited )

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

1. Preparation of Financial Statements

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although we believe that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading.  The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all the adjustments necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial condition as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and the results of operations for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.  The results of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2019, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.  Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation.  Our critical accounting policies include the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the valuation of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights.  Refer to our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a disclosure of our accounting policies.

2. New Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”.  This ASU significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income.  This ASU will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. For securities available for sale, allowances will be recorded rather than reducing the carrying amount as is done under the current other-than-temporary impairment model. This ASU also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. This amended guidance is effective for us on January 1, 2020.  We began evaluating this ASU in 2016 and have formed a committee that includes personnel from various areas of the Bank that meets regularly to discuss the implementation of the ASU. We have completed historical data validation and are currently in the process of reviewing credit loss estimation methodologies and performing test calculations. We have not yet determined what the impact will be on our consolidated operating results or financial condition, which will be impacted by several variables, including the economic environment and forecast at adoption. Though, by the nature of the implementation of an expected loss model compared to an incurred loss approach, we would anticipate our allowance for loan losses (“AFLL”) to increase under this ASU. The Bank expects to begin full parallel runs mid-2019, with a goal of providing an estimated impact range in our 2019 second quarter Form 10-Q.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, ‘‘Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement’’. This new ASU amends disclosure requirements in Topic 820 to eliminate, add and modify certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The amended guidance eliminates the requirements to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the entity’s policy for the timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy and the entity’s valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The amended guidance adds the requirements to disclose the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income (loss) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of instruments held at the end of the reporting period and for recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements, the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs and how the weighted average was calculated, with certain exceptions. This amended guidance is effective for us on January 1, 2020, and is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated operating results or financial condition.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”.  This ASU amends existing guidance related to the accounting for leases. These amendments, among other things, require lessees to account for most leases on the balance sheet while recognizing expense on the income statement in a manner similar to existing guidance.  For lessors the guidance modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct finance leases. This amended guidance was effective for us on January 1, 2019 and did not have a material impact on our consolidated operating results or financial condition.  Based on our operating leases that we currently have in place we do not expect a material change in the recognition, measurement and presentation of lease expense or impact on cash flow.  The primary impact was the recognition of certain operating leases on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition which resulted in the recording of right of use (“ROU”) assets and offsetting lease liabilities each totaling approximately $7.7 million at January 1, 2019.  See note #16.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities”.  This new ASU amends the hedge accounting model in Topic 815 to enable entities to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in the financial statements and enhance the transparency and understandability of hedge results. The amendments expand an entity’s ability to hedge nonfinancial and financial risk components and reduce complexity in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. The guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The guidance also eases certain documentation and assessment requirements and modifies the accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.  This amended guidance was effective for us on January 1, 2019, and did not have a material impact on our consolidated operating results or financial condition.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

3. Securities

Securities available for sale consist of the following:


Amortized
Unrealized

Cost
Gains
Losses
Fair Value
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019
U.S. agency
$
18,143
$
57
$
71
$
18,129
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed
141,886
1,067
915
142,038
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed
11,418
10
115
11,313
Private label mortgage-backed
32,984
355
247
33,092
Other asset backed
110,372
115
197
110,290
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
108,749
707
1,071
108,385
Corporate
34,048
444
112
34,380
Trust preferred
1,964
-
81
1,883
Foreign government
2,040
-
19
2,021
Total
$
461,604
$
2,755
$
2,828
$
461,531
December 31, 2018
U.S. agency
$
20,198
$
9
$
193
$
20,014
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed
124,777
817
1,843
123,751
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed
5,909
1
184
5,726
Private label mortgage-backed
29,735
321
637
29,419
Other asset backed
83,481
86
248
83,319
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
130,244
257
2,946
127,555
Corporate
34,866
29
586
34,309
Trust preferred
1,964
-
145
1,819
Foreign government
2,050
-
36
2,014
Total
$
433,224
$
1,520
$
6,818
$
427,926

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Our investments’ gross unrealized losses and fair values aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual securities have been at a continuous unrealized loss position follows:

Less Than Twelve Months
Twelve Months or More
Total
Fair Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Unrealized
Losses
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019
U.S. agency
$
96
$
1
$
10,904
$
70
$
11,000
$
71
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed
5,232
10
50,813
905
56,045
915
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed
2,215
1
5,434
114
7,649
115
Private label mortgage-backed
10,468
12
14,496
235
24,964
247
Other asset backed
40,490
128
10,619
69
51,109
197
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
2,173
2
65,191
1,069
67,364
1,071
Corporate
1,795
6
8,376
106
10,171
112
Trust preferred
963
37
920
44
1,883
81
Foreign government
-
-
2,021
19
2,021
19
Total
$
63,432
$
197
$
168,774
$
2,631
$
232,206
$
2,828
December 31, 2018
U.S. agency
$
7,150
$
46
$
11,945
$
147
$
19,095
$
193
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed
18,374
180
48,184
1,663
66,558
1,843
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed
566
3
5,094
181
5,660
184
Private label mortgage-backed
8,273
57
16,145
580
24,418
637
Other asset backed
53,043
160
10,235
88
63,278
248
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
25,423
262
80,701
2,684
106,124
2,946
Corporate
17,758
343
9,222
243
26,980
586
Trust preferred
939
61
880
84
1,819
145
Foreign government
-
-
2,014
36
2,014
36
Total
$
131,526
$
1,112
$
184,420
$
5,706
$
315,946
$
6,818

Our portfolio of securities available for sale is reviewed quarterly for impairment in value. In performing this review management considers (1) the length of time and extent that fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) the impact of changes in market interest rates on the market value of the security and (4) an assessment of whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. For securities that do not meet the aforementioned recovery criteria, the amount of impairment recognized in earnings is limited to the amount related to credit losses, while impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

U.S. agency, U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities and U.S. agency commercial mortgage backed securities — at March 31, 2019, we had 38 U.S. agency, 120 U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed and 15 U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed securities whose fair market value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are largely attributed to increases in interest rates since acquisition and widening spreads to Treasury bonds. As management does not intend to liquidate these securities and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of these unrealized losses, no declines are deemed to be other than temporary.

Private label mortgage backed securities — at March 31, 2019, we had 31 of this type of security whose fair value is less than amortized cost. Unrealized losses are primarily due to credit spread widening and increases in interest rates since their acquisition.

Two private label mortgage-backed securities (including two of the three securities discussed further below) were reviewed for other than temporary impairment (‘‘OTTI’’) utilizing a cash flow projection. The cash flow analysis forecasts cash flow from the underlying loans in each transaction and then applies these cash flows to the bonds in the securitization. See further discussion below.

As management does not intend to liquidate these securities and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of these unrealized losses, no other declines discussed above are deemed to be other than temporary.

Other asset backed — at March 31, 2019, we had 85 other asset backed securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are primarily due to credit spread widening and increases in interest rates since acquisition. As management does not intend to liquidate these securities and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of these unrealized losses, no declines are deemed to be other than temporary.

Obligations of states and political subdivisions — at March 31, 2019, we had 212 municipal securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are primarily due to wider benchmark pricing spreads and increases in interest rates since acquisition. Tax exempt securities have been negatively impacted by lower federal tax rates signed into law in December, 2017. As management does not intend to liquidate these securities and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of these unrealized losses, no declines are deemed to be other than temporary.

Corporate — at March 31, 2019, we had 13 corporate securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are primarily due to credit spread widening and increases in interest rates since acquisition. As management does not intend to liquidate these securities and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of these unrealized losses, no declines are deemed to be other than temporary.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Trust preferred securities — at March 31, 2019, we had two trust preferred securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. Both of our trust preferred securities are single issue securities issued by a trust subsidiary of a bank holding company. The pricing of trust preferred securities has suffered from credit spread widening. One of the securities is rated by a major rating agency as investment grade while the other one is non-rated. The non-rated issue is a relatively small bank and was never rated. The issuer of this non-rated trust preferred security, which had a total amortized cost of $1.0 million and total fair value of $0.96 million as of March 31, 2019, continues to have satisfactory credit metrics and make interest payments. As management does not intend to liquidate this security and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell this security prior to recovery of the unrealized loss, this decline is not deemed to be other than temporary.

Foreign government — at March 31, 2019, we had two foreign government securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are primarily due to increases in interest rates since acquisition. As management does not intend to liquidate these securities and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of these unrealized losses, no declines are deemed to be other than temporary.

We recorded no credit related OTTI charges in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations related to securities available for sale during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

At March 31, 2019, three private label mortgage-backed securities had credit related OTTI and are summarized as follows:

Senior
Security
Super
Senior
Security
Senior
Support
Security
Total
(In thousands)
Fair value
$
756
$
714
$
19
$
1,489
Amortized cost
629
546
-
1,175
Non-credit unrealized loss
-
-
-
-
Unrealized gain
127
168
19
314
Cumulative credit related OTTI
757
457
380
1,594

Each of these securities is receiving principal and interest payments similar to principal reductions in the underlying collateral. All three of these securities have unrealized gains at March 31, 2019. The original amortized cost (current amortized cost excluding cumulative credit related OTTI) for each of these securities has been permanently adjusted downward for previously recorded credit related OTTI. The unrealized loss (based on original amortized cost) for these securities is now less than previously recorded credit related OTTI amounts.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

A roll forward of credit losses recognized in earnings on securities available for sale follows:

Three months ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
$
1,594
$
1,594
Additions to credit losses on securities for which no previous OTTI was recognized
-
-
Increases to credit losses on securities for which OTTI was previously recognized
-
-
Balance at end of period
$
1,594
$
1,594

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale at March 31, 2019, by contractual maturity, follow:

Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
(In thousands)
Maturing within one year
$
10,674
$
10,664
Maturing after one year but within five years
60,499
60,455
Maturing after five years but within ten years
52,841
52,862
Maturing after ten years
40,930
40,817
164,944
164,798
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed
141,886
142,038
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed
11,418
11,313
Private label mortgage-backed
32,984
33,092
Other asset backed
110,372
110,290
Total
$
461,604
$
461,531

The actual maturity may differ from the contractual maturity because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Gains and losses realized on the sale of securities available for sale are determined using the specific identification method and are recognized on a trade-date basis.  A summary of proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale and gains and losses for the three month periods ending March 31, follows:

Realized
Proceeds
Gains
Losses
(In thousands)
2019
$
42,236
$
169
$
32
2018
22,277
76
95

Certain preferred stocks which were all sold during the first quarter of 2019 had been classified as equity securities at fair value in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.  During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 we recognized gains (losses) on these preferred stocks of $0.167 million and $(0.154) million, respectively, that are included in net gains (losses) on securities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.  Zero and $(0.154) million of these gains (losses) during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively relate to preferred stock still held at each respective period end.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

4. Loans

Our assessment of the allowance for loan losses is based on an evaluation of the loan portfolio, recent and historical loss experience, current economic conditions and other pertinent factors.

An analysis of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, follows:

Commercial
Mortgage
Installment
Subjective
Allocation
Total
(In thousands)
2019
Balance at beginning of period
$
7,090
$
7,978
$
895
$
8,925
$
24,888
Additions (deductions)
Provision for loan losses
420
573
523
(852
)
664
Recoveries credited to the allowance
127
224
217
-
568
Loans charged against the allowance
(119
)
(363
)
(384
)
-
(866
)
Balance at end of period
$
7,518
$
8,412
$
1,251
$
8,073
$
25,254
2018
Balance at beginning of period
$
5,595
$
8,733
$
864
$
7,395
$
22,587
Additions (deductions)
Provision for loan losses
(135
)
147
69
234
315
Recoveries credited to the allowance
606
180
228
-
1,014
Loans charged against the allowance
(40
)
(439
)
(366
)
-
(845
)
Balance at end of period
$
6,026
$
8,621
$
795
$
7,629
$
23,071

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment follows:

Commercial
Mortgage
Installment
Subjective
Allocation
Total
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
1,204
$
5,159
$
323
$
-
$
6,686
Collectively evaluated for impairment
6,314
3,253
928
8,073
18,568
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
-
-
-
-
-
Total ending allowance for loan losses balance
$
7,518
$
8,412
$
1,251
$
8,073
$
25,254
Loans
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
7,928
$
46,315
$
3,523
$
57,766
Collectively evaluated for impairment
1,162,376
1,001,146
403,881
2,567,403
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
1,537
546
326
2,409
Total loans recorded investment
1,171,841
1,048,007
407,730
2,627,578
Accrued interest included in recorded investment
3,437
4,262
1,084
8,783
Total loans
$
1,168,404
$
1,043,745
$
406,646
$
2,618,795
December 31, 2018
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
1,305
$
4,799
$
206
$
-
$
6,310
Collectively evaluated for impairment
5,785
3,179
689
8,925
18,578
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
-
-
-
-
-
Total ending allowance for loan losses balance
$
7,090
$
7,978
$
895
$
8,925
$
24,888
Loans
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
8,697
$
46,394
$
3,370
$
58,461
Collectively evaluated for impairment
1,137,586
1,000,038
392,460
2,530,084
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
1,609
555
349
2,513
Total loans recorded investment
1,147,892
1,046,987
396,179
2,591,058
Accrued interest included in recorded investment
3,411
4,097
1,030
8,538
Total loans
$
1,144,481
$
1,042,890
$
395,149
$
2,582,520

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Loans on non-accrual status and past due more than 90 days (“Non-performing Loans”) follow:

90+ and
Still
Accruing
Non-
Accrual
Total Non-
Performing
Loans
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
$
-
$
-
$
-
Land, land development and construction - real estate
-
-
-
Commercial and industrial
-
1,705
1,705
Mortgage
1-4 family
-
4,878
4,878
Resort lending
-
508
508
Home equity - 1st lien
-
157
157
Home equity - 2nd lien
-
573
573
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
-
219
219
Home equity - 2nd lien
-
234
234
Boat lending
-
359
359
Recreational vehicle lending
-
6
6
Other
-
210
210
Total recorded investment
$
-
$
8,849
$
8,849
Accrued interest included in recorded investment
$
-
$
-
$
-
December 31, 2018
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
$
-
$
-
$
-
Land, land development and construction - real estate
-
-
-
Commercial and industrial
-
2,220
2,220
Mortgage
1-4 family
5
4,695
4,700
Resort lending
-
755
755
Home equity - 1st lien
-
159
159
Home equity - 2nd lien
-
419
419
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
-
178
178
Home equity - 2nd lien
-
226
226
Boat lending
-
166
166
Recreational vehicle lending
-
7
7
Other
-
204
204
Total recorded investment
$
5
$
9,029
$
9,034
Accrued interest included in recorded investment
$
-
$
-
$
-

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

An aging analysis of loans by class follows:


Loans Past Due
Loans not
Total
30-59 days
60-89 days
90+ days
Total
Past Due
Loans
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
398,191
$
398,191
Land, land development and construction - real estate
-
-
-
-
84,861
84,861
Commercial and industrial
40
-
5
45
688,744
688,789
Mortgage
1-4 family
3,295
833
5,058
9,186
803,882
813,068
Resort lending
321
84
508
913
77,315
78,228
Home equity - 1st lien
99
17
157
273
36,966
37,239
Home equity - 2nd lien
228
95
573
896
118,576
119,472
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
36
2
219
257
6,631
6,888
Home equity - 2nd lien
150
-
234
384
6,043
6,427
Boat lending
206
19
359
584
175,005
175,589
Recreational vehicle lending
76
-
6
82
130,016
130,098
Other
183
101
210
494
88,234
88,728
Total recorded investment
$
4,634
$
1,151
$
7,329
$
13,114
$
2,614,464
$
2,627,578
Accrued interest included in recorded investment
$
63
$
19
$
-
$
82
$
8,701
$
8,783
December 31, 2018
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
$
44
$
-
$
-
$
44
$
388,729
$
388,773
Land, land development and construction - real estate
-
-
-
-
84,458
84,458
Commercial and industrial
1,538
-
-
1,538
673,123
674,661
Mortgage
1-4 family
1,608
194
4,882
6,684
833,760
840,444
Resort lending
252
-
755
1,007
80,774
81,781
Home equity - 1st lien
176
-
159
335
38,909
39,244
Home equity - 2nd lien
446
100
419
965
84,553
85,518
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
200
55
197
452
6,985
7,437
Home equity - 2nd lien
111
24
226
361
6,683
7,044
Boat lending
316
295
166
777
169,117
169,894
Recreational vehicle lending
28
21
7
56
125,780
125,836
Other
241
131
204
576
85,392
85,968
Total recorded investment
$
4,960
$
820
$
7,015
$
12,795
$
2,578,263
$
2,591,058
Accrued interest included in recorded investment
$
44
$
11
$
-
$
55
$
8,483
$
8,538

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Impaired loans are as follows:

March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Impaired loans with no allocated allowance for loan losses
(In thousands)
Troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”)
$
317
$
-
Non - TDR
798
-
Impaired loans with an allocated allowance for loan losses
TDR - allowance based on collateral
2,103
2,787
TDR - allowance based on present value cash flow
50,940
53,258
Non - TDR - allowance based on collateral
3,353
2,145
Total impaired loans
$
57,511
$
58,190
Amount of allowance for loan losses allocated
TDR - allowance based on collateral
$
472
$
769
TDR - allowance based on present value cash flow
4,944
4,849
Non - TDR - allowance based on collateral
1,270
692
Total amount of allowance for loan losses allocated
$
6,686
$
6,310

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Impaired loans by class  are as follows:

March 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
Recorded
Investment
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
Related
Allowance
For Loan
Losses
Recorded
Investment
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
Related
Allowance
For Loan
Losses
With no related allowance for loan losses recorded:
(In thousands)
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
Land, land development & construction-real estate
-
-
-
-
-
-
Commercial and industrial
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mortgage
1-4 family
355
670
-
3
474
-
Resort lending
-
-
-
-
-
-
Home equity - 1st lien
-
-
-
-
-
-
Home equity - 2nd lien
-
-
-
-
-
-
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
-
-
-
1
122
-
Home equity - 2nd lien
-
18
-
-
-
-
Boat lending
-
5
-
-
5
-
Recreational vehicle lending
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other
-
15
-
-
15
-
355
708
-
4
616
-
With an allowance for loan losses recorded:
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
4,720
4,712
423
4,770
4,758
303
Land, land development & construction-real estate
290
288
31
290
289
35
Commercial and industrial
2,918
3,175
750
3,637
3,735
967
Mortgage
1-4 family
32,317
34,514
3,648
32,842
34,427
2,859
Resort lending
12,967
13,179
1,366
13,328
13,354
1,927
Home equity - 1st lien
118
119
23
65
64
4
Home equity - 2nd lien
558
573
122
156
155
9
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
1,387
1,568
101
1,440
1,524
89
Home equity - 2nd lien
1,472
1,479
107
1,471
1,491
92
Boat lending
101
166
36
-
-
-
Recreational vehicle lending
82
90
7
79
79
4
Other
481
538
72
379
406
21
57,411
60,401
6,686
58,457
60,282
6,310
Total
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
4,720
4,712
423
4,770
4,758
303
Land, land development & construction-real estate
290
288
31
290
289
35
Commercial and industrial
2,918
3,175
750
3,637
3,735
967
Mortgage
1-4 family
32,672
35,184
3,648
32,845
34,901
2,859
Resort lending
12,967
13,179
1,366
13,328
13,354
1,927
Home equity - 1st lien
118
119
23
65
64
4
Home equity - 2nd lien
558
573
122
156
155
9
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
1,387
1,568
101
1,441
1,646
89
Home equity - 2nd lien
1,472
1,497
107
1,471
1,491
92
Boat lending
101
171
36
-
5
-
Recreational vehicle lending
82
90
7
79
79
4
Other
481
553
72
379
421
21
Total
$
57,766
$
61,109
$
6,686
$
58,461
$
60,898
$
6,310
Accrued interest included in recorded investment
$
255
$
271

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Average recorded investment in and interest income earned on impaired loans by class for the three month periods ending March 31, follows:

2019
2018
Average
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
Average
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
With no related allowance for loan losses recorded:
(In thousands)
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
Land, land development & construction-real estate
-
-
-
-
Commercial and industrial
-
-
520
4
Mortgage
1-4 family
179
-
19
6
Resort lending
-
-
-
-
Home equity - 1st lien
-
-
-
-
Home equity - 2nd lien
-
-
-
-
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
1
-
1
2
Home equity - 2nd lien
-
-
-
-
Boat lending
-
-
-
-
Recreational vehicle lending
-
-
-
-
Other
-
-
-
-
180
-
540
12
With an allowance for loan losses recorded:
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
4,745
65
5,187
68
Land, land development & construction-real estate
290
2
161
2
Commercial and industrial
3,278
20
2,517
32
Mortgage
1-4 family
32,580
446
36,367
458
Resort lending
13,148
175
15,779
164
Home equity - 1st lien
92
1
164
2
Home equity - 2nd lien
357
3
178
2
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
1,414
24
1,645
29
Home equity - 2nd lien
1,472
22
1,777
27
Boat lending
51
-
1
-
Recreational vehicle lending
81
1
89
1
Other
430
6
406
6
57,938
765
64,271
791
Total
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
4,745
65
5,187
68
Land, land development & construction-real estate
290
2
161
2
Commercial and industrial
3,278
20
3,037
36
Mortgage
1-4 family
32,759
446
36,386
464
Resort lending
13,148
175
15,779
164
Home equity - 1st lien
92
1
164
2
Home equity - 2nd lien
357
3
178
2
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
1,415
24
1,646
31
Home equity - 2nd lien
1,472
22
1,777
27
Boat lending
51
-
1
-
Recreational vehicle lending
81
1
89
1
Other
430
6
406
6
Total
$
58,118
$
765
$
64,811
$
803

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Cash receipts on impaired loans on non-accrual status are generally applied to the principal balance.

TDRs follow:
March 31, 2019
Commercial
Retail (1)
Total

(In thousands)
Performing TDRs
$
6,209
$
44,427
$
50,636
Non-performing TDRs(2)
67
2,657
(3)
2,724
Total
$
6,276
$
47,084
$
53,360
December 31, 2018
Commercial
Retail (1)
Total

(In thousands)
Performing TDRs
$
6,460
$
46,627
$
53,087
Non-performing TDRs(2)
74
2,884
(3)
2,958
Total
$
6,534
$
49,511
$
56,045

(1)
Retail loans include mortgage and installment loan segments.
(2)
Included in non-performing loans table above.
(3)
Also includes loans on non-accrual at the time of modification until six payments are received on a timely basis.

We allocated $5.4 million and $5.6 million of specific reserves to customers whose loan terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the terms of certain loans were modified as troubled debt restructurings. The modification of the terms of such loans generally included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a permanent reduction of the recorded investment in the loan.

Modifications involving a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan have generally been for periods ranging from 9 months to 36 months but have extended to as much as 480 months in certain circumstances. Modifications involving an extension of the maturity date have generally been for periods ranging from 1 month to 60 months but have extended to as much as 230 months in certain circumstances.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Loans that have been classified as troubled debt restructurings during the three-month periods ended March 31 follow:

Number of
Contracts
Pre-modification
Recorded
Balance
Post-modification
Recorded
Balance
(Dollars in thousands)
2019
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
-
$
-
$
-
Land, land development & construction-real estate
-
-
-
Commercial and industrial
1
49
49
Mortgage
1-4 family
1
281
281
Resort lending
-
-
-
Home equity - 1st lien
-
-
-
Home equity - 2nd lien
-
-
-
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
1
24
25
Home equity - 2nd lien
1
36
36
Boat lending
-
-
-
Recreational vehicle lending
-
-
-
Other
-
-
-
Total
4
$
390
$
391
2018
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
1
$
67
$
67
Land, land development & construction-real estate
-
-
-
Commercial and industrial
3
434
434
Mortgage
1-4 family
3
228
211
Resort lending
-
-
-
Home equity - 1st lien
-
-
-
Home equity - 2nd lien
-
-
-
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
3
98
99
Home equity - 2nd lien
1
61
61
Boat lending
-
-
-
Recreational vehicle lending
-
-
-
Other
1
35
32
Total
12
$
923
$
904

The troubled debt restructurings described above for 2019 increased the allowance for loan losses by $0.01 million and resulted in zero charge offs while the troubled debt restructurings described above for 2018 decreased the allowance for loan losses by $0.03 million and resulted in zero charge offs.

There were no troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted within twelve months following the modification during the three months periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

A loan is considered to be in payment default generally once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, we perform an evaluation of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under our internal underwriting policy.

Credit Quality Indicators – As part of our on-going monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolios, we track certain credit quality indicators including (a) weighted-average risk grade of commercial loans, (b) the level of classified commercial loans, (c) credit scores of mortgage and installment loan borrowers, and (d) delinquency history and non-performing loans.

For commercial loans, we use a loan rating system that is similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulators. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 12. A description of the general characteristics of the ratings follows:

Rating 1 through 6 : These loans are generally referred to as our “non-watch” commercial credits that include very high or exceptional credit fundamentals through acceptable credit fundamentals.

Rating 7 and 8 : These loans are generally referred to as our “watch” commercial credits. These ratings include loans to borrowers that exhibit potential credit weakness or downward trends. If not checked or cured these trends could weaken our asset or credit position. While potentially weak, no loss of principal or interest is envisioned with these ratings.

Rating 9 : These loans are generally referred to as our “substandard accruing” commercial credits. This rating includes loans to borrowers that exhibit a well-defined weakness where payment default is probable and loss is possible if deficiencies are not corrected. Generally, loans with this rating are considered collectible as to both principal and interest primarily due to collateral coverage.

Rating 10 and 11 : These loans are generally referred to as our ‘‘substandard - non-accrual’’ and ‘‘doubtful’’ commercial credits. Our doubtful rating includes a sub classification for a loss rate other than 50% (which is the standard doubtful loss rate).  These ratings include loans to borrowers with weaknesses that make collection of debt in full, on the basis of current facts, conditions and values at best questionable and at worst improbable. All of these loans are placed in non-accrual.

Rating 12 : These loans are generally referred to as our “loss” commercial credits. This rating includes loans to borrowers that are deemed incapable of repayment and are charged-off.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

The following table summarizes loan ratings by loan class for our commercial loan segment:

Commercial
Non-watch
1-6
Watch
7-8
Substandard
Accrual
9
Non-
Accrual
10-11
Total
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019
Income producing - real estate
$
383,117
$
14,603
$
471
$
-
$
398,191
Land, land development and  construction - real estate
78,062
6,790
9
-
84,861
Commercial and industrial
646,199
36,246
4,639
1,705
688,789
Total
$
1,107,378
$
57,639
$
5,119
$
1,705
$
1,171,841
Accrued interest included in total
$
3,207
$
215
$
15
$
-
$
3,437
December 31, 2018
Income producing - real estate
$
375,142
$
13,387
$
200
$
44
$
388,773
Land, land development and  construction - real estate
76,120
8,328
-
10
84,458
Commercial and industrial
631,248
35,469
5,577
2,367
674,661
Total
$
1,082,510
$
57,184
$
5,777
$
2,421
$
1,147,892
Accrued interest included in total
$
3,107
$
174
$
130
$
-
$
3,411

For each of our mortgage and installment segment classes, we generally monitor credit quality based on the credit scores of the borrowers. These credit scores are generally updated semi-annually.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

The following tables summarize credit scores by loan class for our mortgage and installment loan segments:

Mortgage (1)
1-4 Family
Resort
Lending
Home
Equity
1st Lien
Home
Equity
2nd Lien
Total
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019
800 and above
$
89,359
$
10,921
$
6,788
$
11,435
$
118,503
750-799
365,405
34,625
15,976
53,549
469,555
700-749
199,489
16,177
9,063
35,201
259,930
650-699
93,517
9,853
3,673
12,091
119,134
600-649
34,459
2,926
811
4,041
42,237
550-599
12,701
1,673
425
1,329
16,128
500-549
8,341
105
408
887
9,741
Under 500
2,575
141
95
380
3,191
Unknown
7,222
1,807
-
559
9,588
Total
$
813,068
$
78,228
$
37,239
$
119,472
$
1,048,007
Accrued interest included in total
$
3,220
$
386
$
177
$
479
$
4,262
December 31, 2018
800 and above
$
94,492
$
10,898
$
6,784
$
8,838
$
121,012
750-799
384,344
36,542
17,303
38,295
476,484
700-749
202,440
17,282
9,155
23,249
252,126
650-699
91,847
9,945
3,987
8,681
114,460
600-649
34,342
3,088
959
3,359
41,748
550-599
13,771
1,867
427
1,236
17,301
500-549
8,439
106
418
826
9,789
Under 500
2,533
143
98
381
3,155
Unknown
8,236
1,910
113
653
10,912
Total
$
840,444
$
81,781
$
39,244
$
85,518
$
1,046,987
Accrued interest included in total
$
3,079
$
363
$
199
$
456
$
4,097

(1)
Credit scores have been updated within the last twelve months.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Installment(1)
Home
Equity
1st Lien
Home
Equity
2nd Lien
Boat Lending
Recreational
Vehicle
Lending
Other
Total
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019
800 and above
$
477
$
222
$
22,262
$
21,759
$
6,234
$
50,954
750-799
1,385
1,517
103,947
76,235
31,782
214,866
700-749
1,505
1,534
36,372
25,628
24,671
89,710
650-699
1,419
1,126
10,298
4,858
9,861
27,562
600-649
965
1,210
1,595
960
2,602
7,332
550-599
719
542
611
436
768
3,076
500-549
369
215
233
216
602
1,635
Under 500
49
6
256
6
149
466
Unknown
-
55
15
-
12,059
12,129
Total
$
6,888
$
6,427
$
175,589
$
130,098
$
88,728
$
407,730
Accrued interest included in total
$
26
$
21
$
437
$
333
$
267
$
1,084
December 31, 2018
800 and above
$
555
$
235
$
20,767
$
20,197
$
6,272
$
48,026
750-799
1,502
1,642
100,191
74,154
31,483
208,972
700-749
1,582
1,682
35,455
24,890
24,369
87,978
650-699
1,606
1,217
10,581
4,918
9,840
28,162
600-649
996
1,272
1,657
992
2,751
7,668
550-599
759
658
652
453
838
3,360
500-549
384
229
286
225
651
1,775
Under 500
51
6
266
7
218
548
Unknown
2
103
39
-
9,546
9,690
Total
$
7,437
$
7,044
$
169,894
$
125,836
$
85,968
$
396,179
Accrued interest included in total
$
28
$
25
$
403
$
311
$
263
$
1,030

(1)
Credit scores have been updated within the last twelve months.

Foreclosed residential real estate properties included in other real estate and repossessed assets on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition totaled $1.2 million at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.  Retail mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements totaled $0.1 million and $0.3 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

During the first quarter of 2019, we sold $40.6 million, of residential adjustable rate mortgage loans servicing released (classified on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as held for sale, carried at the lower of cost or fair value at December 31, 2018) to another financial institution and recognized a gain on sale of $0.01 million.  During the first quarter of 2019 we also securitized $29.8 million, of portfolio residential fixed rate mortgage loans servicing retained with Freddie Mac and recognized a gain on sale of $0.53 million.  These transactions were done primarily for asset/liability management purposes.

In March 2018, we sold $16.5 million, of residential fixed and adjustable rate portfolio mortgage loans servicing retained to another financial institution and recognized a gain on sale of $0.05 million.  These mortgage loans were sold primarily for asset/liability management purposes.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Purchase Credit Impaired (“PCI”) Loans

Loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. In determining the estimated fair value of purchased loans, we consider a number of factors including, among others, the remaining life of the acquired loans, estimated prepayments, estimated loss ratios, estimated value of the underlying collateral, and net present value of cash flows expected to be received. Purchased loans are accounted for in accordance with guidance for certain loans acquired in a transfer (ASC 310-30), when the loans have evidence of credit deterioration since origination and it is probable at the date of acquisition that the acquirer will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. The difference between contractually required payments and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the non-accretable difference. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses. Subsequent increases in expected cash flows will result in a reversal of the provision for loan losses to the extent of prior charges and then an adjustment to accretable yield, which would have a positive impact on interest income.

As a result of our acquisition of TCSB Bancorp, Inc. (“TCSB”) (see note #17) we purchased loans for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected. For these loans that meet the criteria of ASC 310-30 treatment, the carrying amount was as follows:

March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(In thousands)
Commercial
$
1,537
$
1,609
Mortgage
546
555
Installment
326
349
Total carrying amount
2,409
2,513
Allowance for loan losses
-
-
Carrying amount, net of allowance for loan losses
$
2,409
$
2,513

The accretable difference on PCI loans is the difference between the expected cash flows and the net present value of expected cash flows with such difference accreted into earnings using the effective yield method over the term of the loans. Accretion recorded as loan interest income totaled $0.04 million and zero during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  Accretable yield of PCI loans, or income expected to be collected follows:

Three months ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(unaudited)
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
$
462
$
-
New loans purchased
-
-
Accretion of income
(39
)
-
Reclassification from (to) nonaccretable difference
365
-
Displosals/other adjustments
-
-
Balance at end of period
$
788
$
-

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

5. Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share

On December 18, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase plan (the “Repurchase Plan”) to buy back up to 5% of our outstanding common stock through December 31, 2019. We expect to accomplish the repurchases through open market transactions, though we could execute repurchases through other means, such as privately negotiated transactions.  The timing and amount of any share repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including, among others, securities law restrictions, the trading price of our common stock, regulatory requirements, potential alternative uses for capital, and our financial performance. The Repurchase Plan does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be modified or suspended at any time at our discretion. We expect to fund any repurchases from cash on hand.  During the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 repurchases were made through open market transactions and totaled 115,787 and zero shares of common stock, respectively for an aggregate purchase price of $2.5 million and zero, respectively.

A reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per common share follows:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(In thousands, except
per share data)
Net income
$
9,381
$
9,161
Weighted average shares outstanding (1)
23,588
21,365
Effect of stock options
127
135
Stock units for deferred compensation plan for non-employee directors
130
125
Performance share units
40
49
Weighted average shares outstanding for calculation of diluted earnings per share
23,885
21,674
Net income per common share
Basic (1)
$
0.40
$
0.43
Diluted
$
0.39
$
0.42

(1) Basic net income per common share includes weighted average common shares outstanding during the period and participating share awards.

Weighted average stock options outstanding that were not considered in computing diluted net income per common share because they were anti-dilutive were zero for both the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

6. Derivative Financial Instruments

We are required to record derivatives on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as assets and liabilities measured at their fair value.  The accounting for increases and decreases in the value of derivatives depends upon the use of derivatives and whether the derivatives qualify for hedge accounting.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Our derivative financial instruments according to the type of hedge in which they are designated follows:

March 31, 2019
Notional
Amount
Average
Maturity
(years)
Fair
Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Cash flow hedge designation
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements
$
25,000
2.3
$
122
Interest rate cap agreements
150,000
3.3
1,255
Total
$
175,000
3.2
$
1,377
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments
$
47,345
0.1
$
1,316
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans
69,762
0.1
(209
)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial
97,083
5.3
(742
)
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial
97,083
5.3
742
Purchased options
3,095
2.3
202
Written options
3,035
2.3
(200
)
Total
$
317,403
3.3
$
1,109

December 31, 2018
Notional
Amount
Average
Maturity
(years)
Fair
Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Cash flow hedge designation
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements
$
25,000
2.6
$
280
Interest rate cap agreements
150,000
3.6
2,245
Total
$
175,000
3.5
$
2,525
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments
$
32,473
0.1
$
687
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans
57,583
0.1
(383
)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial
94,451
5.5
405
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial
94,451
5.5
(405
)
Purchased options
3,095
2.5
116
Written options
3,095
2.5
(116
)
Total
$
285,148
3.7
$
304

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

We use variable-rate and short-term fixed-rate (less than 12 months) debt obligations to fund a portion of our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which exposes us to variability in interest rates. To meet our asset/liability management objectives, we may periodically enter into derivative financial instruments to mitigate exposure to fluctuations in cash flows resulting from changes in interest rates (“Cash Flow Hedges”). Cash Flow Hedges included certain pay-fixed interest rate swaps and interest rate cap agreements.  Pay-fixed interest rate swaps convert the variable-rate cash flows on debt obligations to fixed-rates. Under interest-rate cap agreements, we will receive cash if interest rates rise above a predetermined level. As a result, we effectively have variable-rate debt with an established maximum rate. We pay an upfront premium on interest rate caps which is recognized in earnings in the same period in which the hedged item affects earnings.  Unrecognized premiums from interest rate caps aggregated to $2.6 million at March 31, 2019 and $2.7 million at December 31, 2018.

We record the fair value of Cash Flow Hedges in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.  On an ongoing basis, we adjust our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to reflect the then current fair value of Cash Flow Hedges.  The related gains or losses are reported in other comprehensive income or loss and are subsequently reclassified into earnings, as a yield adjustment in the same period in which the related interest on the hedged items (variable-rate debt obligations) affect earnings.  It is anticipated that approximately $0.47 million, of unrealized gains on Cash Flow Hedges at March 31, 2019 will be reclassified to earnings over the next twelve months.  To the extent that the Cash Flow Hedges are not effective, the ineffective portion of the Cash Flow Hedges is immediately recognized in interest expense.  The maximum term of the Cash Flow Hedge at March 31, 2019 is 4.5 years.

Certain financial derivative instruments have not been designated as hedges. The fair value of these derivative financial instruments has been recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and is adjusted on an ongoing basis to reflect their then current fair value. The changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments not designated as hedges are recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into rate-lock mortgage loan commitments with customers (“Rate-Lock Commitments”).  These commitments expose us to interest rate risk.  We also enter into mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans (“Mandatory Commitments”) to reduce the impact of price fluctuations of mortgage loans held for sale and Rate-Lock Commitments.  Mandatory Commitments help protect our loan sale profit margin from fluctuations in interest rates. The changes in the fair value of Rate-Lock Commitments and Mandatory Commitments are recognized currently as part of net gains on mortgage loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.  We obtain market prices on Mandatory Commitments and Rate-Lock Commitments.  Net gains on mortgage loans, as well as net income may be more volatile as a result of these derivative instruments, which are not designated as hedges.

In prior periods we offered to our deposit customers an equity linked time deposit product (“Altitude CD”).  The Altitude CD was a time deposit that provides the customer a guaranteed return of principal at maturity plus a potential equity return (a written option), while we receive a like stream of funds based on the equity return (a purchased option).  The written and purchased options will generally move in opposite directions resulting in little or no net impact on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.  All of the written and purchased options in the table above relate to this Altitude CD product.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

We have a program that allows commercial loan customers to lock in a fixed rate for a longer period of time than we would normally offer for interest rate risk reasons.  We will enter into a variable rate commercial loan and an interest rate swap agreement with a customer and then enter into an offsetting interest rate swap agreement with an unrelated party.  The interest rate swap agreement fair values will generally move in opposite directions resulting in little or no net impact on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.  All of the interest rate swap agreements noted as commercial in the table above with no hedge designation relate to this program.

The following tables illustrate the impact that the derivative financial instruments discussed above have on individual line items in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition for the periods presented:

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments

Asset Derivatives
Liability Derivatives
March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018

Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
(In thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements
Other assets
$
122
Other assets
$
280
Other liabilities
$
-
Other liabilities
$
-
Interest rate cap agreements
Other assets
1,255
Other assets
2,245
Other liabilities
-
Other liabilities
-
1,377
2,525
-
-
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments
Other assets
1,316
Other assets
687
Other liabilities
-
Other liabilities
-
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans
Other assets
-
Other assets
-
Other liabilities
209
Other liabilities
383
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements -commercial
Other assets
534
Other assets
1,116
Other liabilities
1,276
Other liabilities
711
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements -commercial
Other assets
1,276
Other assets
711
Other liabilities
534
Other liabilities
1,116
Purchased options
Other assets
202
Other assets
116
Other liabilities
-
Other liabilities
-
Written options
Other assets
-
Other assets
-
Other liabilities
200
Other liabilities
116
3,328
2,630
2,219
2,326
Total derivatives
$
4,705
$
5,155
$
2,219
$
2,326

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

The effect of derivative financial instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations follows:

Three Month Periods Ended March 31,
Gain (Loss)
Recognized in
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
(Effective Portion)
Location of
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss into
Income
(Effective
Portion)
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Loss into Income
(Effective Portion)
Location of
Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Income (1)
Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Income (1)
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
(In thousands)
Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate cap agreements
$
(785
)
$
513
Interest expense
$
118
$
7
Interest expense
$
-
$
-
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements
(127
)
171
Interest expense
31
(1
)
Interest expense
-
12
Total
$
(912
)
$
684
$
149
$
6
$
-
$
12
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments
Net gains on mortgage loans
$
629
$
428
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans
Net gains on mortgage loans
174
(160
)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements -commercial
Interest income
(1,147
)
1,056
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements -commercial
Interest income
1,147
(1,056
)
Purchased options
Interest expense
86
(93
)
Written options
Interest expense
(84
)
93
Total
$
805
$
268

(1)
For cash flow hedges, this location and amount refers to the ineffective portion.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

7. Goodwill and Other Intangibles

The following table summarizes intangible assets, net of amortization:

March 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
(In thousands)
Amortized intangible assets - core deposits
$
11,916
$
5,773
$
11,916
$
5,501
Unamortized intangible assets - goodwill
$
28,300
$
28,300

A summary of estimated core deposit intangible amortization at March 31, 2019 follows:

(In thousands)
Nine months ending December 31, 2019
$
817
2020
1,020
2021
970
2022
785
2023
547
2024 and thereafter
2,004
Total
$
6,143

8. Share Based Compensation

We maintain share based payment plans that include a non-employee director stock purchase plan and a long-term incentive plan that permits the issuance of share based compensation, including stock options and non-vested share awards. The long-term incentive plan, which is shareholder approved, permits the grant of additional share based awards for up to 0.5 million shares of common stock as of March 31, 2019.  The non-employee director stock purchase plan permits the issuance of additional share based payments for up to 0.2 million shares of common stock as of March 31, 2019. Share based awards and payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant and are expensed over the requisite service period. Common shares issued upon exercise of stock options come from currently authorized but unissued shares.

During the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, pursuant to our long-term incentive plan, we granted 0.05 million and 0.04 million shares of restricted stock, respectively and 0.02 million and 0.02 million performance stock units (“PSU”), respectively to certain officers.  Except for 0.002 million shares of restricted stock issued during each three month period in 2019 and 2018 that vest ratably over three years, the shares of restricted stock and PSUs cliff vest after a period of three years.  The performance feature of the PSUs is based on a comparison of our total shareholder return over the three year period starting on the grant date to the total shareholder return over that period for a banking index of our peers.

Our directors may elect to receive a portion of their quarterly cash retainer fees in the form of common stock (either on a current basis or on a deferred basis pursuant to the non-employee director stock purchase plan referenced above). Shares equal in value to that portion of each director’s fees that he or she has elected to receive in stock are issued each quarter and vest immediately.  During the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 we issued 0.003 million and 0.002 million shares, respectively and expensed their value during those same periods.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Total compensation expense recognized for grants pursuant to our long-term incentive plan was $0.4 million during each three month period ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.  The corresponding tax benefit relating to this expense was $0.1 million for each period. Total expense recognized for non-employee director share based payments was $0.05 million during each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The corresponding tax benefit relating to this expense was $0.01 million for each period.

At March 31, 2019, the total expected compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock and PSUs not yet recognized was $3.1 million.  The weighted-average period over which this amount will be recognized is 2.2 years.

A summary of outstanding stock option grants and related transactions follows:

Number of
Shares
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregated
Intrinsic
Value
(In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019
211,421
$
6.48
Granted
-
Exercised
(68,399
)
10.16
Forfeited
-
Expired
(558
)
22.35
Outstanding at March 31, 2019
142,464
$
4.66
3.8
$
2,401
Vested and expected to vest at
March 31, 2019
142,464
$
4.66
3.8
$
2,401
Exercisable at March 31, 2019
142,464
$
4.66
3.8
$
2,401

A summary of outstanding non-vested restricted stock and PSUs and related transactions follows:

Number
of Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019
258,419
$
19.00
Granted
74,732
23.07
Vested
(85,788
)
14.55
Forfeited
(10,780
)
22.94
Outstanding at March 31, 2019
236,583
$
21.73

Certain information regarding options exercised during the periods follows:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019
2018
Intrinsic value
$
836
$
78
Cash proceeds received
$
695
$
13
Tax benefit realized
$
176
$
16

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

9. Income Tax

Income tax expense was $2.2 million and $2.0 million during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  Our actual federal income tax expense is different than the amount computed by applying our statutory income tax rate to our income before income tax primarily due to tax-exempt interest income and tax-exempt income from the increase in the cash surrender value on life insurance.  In addition, the first quarters of 2019 and 2018 each include reductions of $0.2 million of income tax expense related to impact of the excess value of stock awards that vested and stock options that were exercised as compared to the initial fair values that were expensed.

We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. The ultimate realization of this asset is primarily based on generating future income. We concluded at both March 31, 2019 and 2018, that the realization of substantially all of our deferred tax assets continues to be more likely than not.

At both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had approximately $0.6 million, of gross unrecognized tax benefits.  We do not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease during the balance of 2019.

10. Regulatory Matters

Capital guidelines adopted by federal and state regulatory agencies and restrictions imposed by law limit the amount of cash dividends our Bank can pay to us. Under these guidelines, the amount of dividends that may be paid in any calendar year is limited to the Bank’s current year net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years. Further, the Bank cannot pay a dividend at any time that it has negative undivided profits.  As of March 31, 2019, the Bank had positive undivided profits of $28.5 million.  It is not our intent to have dividends paid in amounts that would reduce the capital of our Bank to levels below those which we consider prudent and in accordance with guidelines of regulatory authorities.

We are also subject to various regulatory capital requirements. The prompt corrective action regulations establish quantitative measures to ensure capital adequacy and require minimum amounts and ratios of total, Tier 1, and common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and Tier 1 capital to average assets. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory, and possibly discretionary, actions by regulators that could have a material effect on our interim condensed consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines, we must meet specific capital requirements that involve quantitative measures as well as qualitative judgments by the regulators. The most recent regulatory filings as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, categorized our Bank as well capitalized. Management is not aware of any conditions or events that would have changed the most recent Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) categorization.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Our actual capital amounts and ratios follow (1) :

Actual
Minimum for
Adequately Capitalized
Institutions
Minimum for
Well-Capitalized
Institutions
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2019
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated
$
376,194
14.29
%
$
210,568
8.00
%
NA
NA
Independent Bank
340,950
12.96
210,464
8.00
$
263,079
10.00
%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated
$
349,484
13.28
%
$
157,926
6.00
%
NA
NA
Independent Bank
314,240
11.94
157,848
6.00
$
210,464
8.00
%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated
$
311,303
11.83
%
$
118,445
4.50
%
NA
NA
Independent Bank
314,240
11.94
118,386
4.50
$
171,002
6.50
%
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Consolidated
$
349,484
10.51
%
$
133,025
4.00
%
NA
NA
Independent Bank
314,240
9.46
132,924
4.00
$
166,154
5.00
%
December 31, 2018
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated
$
371,603
14.25
%
$
208,572
8.00
%
NA
NA
Independent Bank
337,227
12.94
208,456
8.00
$
260,569
10.00
%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated
$
345,419
13.25
%
$
156,429
6.00
%
NA
NA
Independent Bank
311,043
11.94
156,342
6.00
$
208,456
8.00
%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated
$
307,255
11.79
%
$
117,322
4.50
%
NA
NA
Independent Bank
311,043
11.94
117,256
4.50
$
169,370
6.50
%
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Consolidated
$
345,419
10.47
%
$
131,930
4.00
%
NA
NA
Independent Bank
311,043
9.44
131,778
4.00
$
164,723
5.00
%
(1) These ratios do not reflect a capital conservation buffer of 2.50% and 1.875% at March 31, 2019 and December31, 2018, respectfully.
NA - Not applicable
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

The components of our regulatory capital are as follows:

Consolidated
Independent Bank
March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(In thousands)
Total shareholders’ equity
$
344,726
$
338,994
$
347,663
$
341,496
Add (deduct)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss for regulatory purposes
1,020
4,311
1,020
4,311
Goodwill and other intangibles
(34,443
)
(34,715
)
(34,443
)
(34,715
)
Disallowed deferred tax assets
-
(1,335
)
-
(49
)
Common equity tier 1 capital
311,303
307,255
314,240
311,043
Qualifying trust preferred securities
38,181
38,164
-
-
Disallowed deferred tax assets
-
-
-
-
Tier 1 capital
349,484
345,419
314,240
311,043
Allowance for loan losses and allowance for unfunded lending commitments limited to 1.25% of total risk-weighted assets
26,710
26,184
26,710
26,184
Total risk-based capital
$
376,194
$
371,603
$
340,950
$
337,227

11. Fair Value Disclosures

FASB ASC topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. Level 1 instruments include securities traded on active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange, as well as U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets.

Level 2: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Level 2 instruments include securities traded in less active dealer or broker markets.

Level 3: Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

We used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:

Securities :  Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities (equity securities at fair value or available for sale) are classified as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.  Level 1 securities include certain preferred stocks included in our equity securities at fair value for which there are quoted prices in active markets (at December 31, 2018).  If quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by (1) using quoted market prices of securities with similar characteristics, (2) matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices, or (3) a discounted cash flow analysis whose significant fair value inputs can generally be verified and do not typically involve judgment by management. These securities are classified as Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy and primarily include agency securities, private label mortgage-backed securities, other asset backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions , trust preferred securities, corporate securities and foreign government securities.

Loans held for sale : The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale, carried at fair value is based on agency cash window loan pricing for comparable assets (recurring Level 2) and the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale, carried at the lower of cost or fair value (at December 31, 2018) is based on a quoted sales price (non-recurring Level 1).

Impaired loans with specific loss allocations based on collateral value : From time to time, certain loans are considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses is established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. We measure our investment in an impaired loan based on one of three methods: the loan’s observable market price, the fair value of the collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. Those impaired loans not requiring an allowance for loan losses represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all of our impaired loans were evaluated based on either the fair value of the collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an appraised value or when an appraised value is not available we record the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 3 .  These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments can be significant and thus will typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Other real estate : At the time of acquisition, other real estate is recorded at fair value, less estimated costs to sell, which becomes the property’s new basis. Subsequent write-downs to reflect declines in value since the time of acquisition may occur from time to time and are recorded in net (gains) losses on other real estate and repossessed assets, which is part of non-interest expense - other in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of the property used at and subsequent to the time of acquisition is typically determined by a third party appraisal of the property. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent impaired loans and other real estate  are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by us. Once received, an independent third party, or a member of our Collateral Evaluation Department (for commercial properties), or a member of our Special Assets Group (for residential properties) reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. We compare the actual selling price of collateral that has been sold to the most recent appraised value of our properties to determine what additional adjustment, if any, should be made to the appraisal value to arrive at fair value. For commercial and residential properties we typically discount an appraisal to account for various factors that the appraisal excludes in its assumptions. These additional discounts generally do not result in material adjustments to the appraised value.

Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights :  The fair value of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights is based on a valuation model used by an independent third party that calculates the present value of estimated net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income. Certain model assumptions are generally unobservable and are based upon the best information available including data relating to our own servicing portfolio, reviews of mortgage servicing assumption and valuation surveys and input from various mortgage servicers and, therefore, are recorded as Level 3.  Management evaluates the third party valuation for reasonableness each quarter as part of our financial reporting control processes.

Derivatives : The fair value of rate-lock mortgage loan commitments is based on agency cash window loan pricing for comparable assets and the fair value of mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans is based on mortgage backed security pricing for comparable assets (recurring Level 2). The fair value of interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements are derived from proprietary models which utilize current market data.  The significant fair value inputs can generally be observed in the market place and do not typically involve judgment by management (recurring Level 2). The fair value of purchased and written options is based on prices of financial instruments with similar characteristics and do not typically involve judgment by management (recurring Level 2).

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value, including financial assets for which we have elected the fair value option, were as follows:

Fair Value Measurements Using
Fair Value
Measure-
ments
Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets
for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Un-
observable
Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019:
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Securities available for sale
U.S. agency
$
18,129
$
-
$
18,129
$
-
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed
142,038
-
142,038
-
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed
11,313
-
11,313
-
Private label mortgage-backed
33,092
-
33,092
-
Other asset backed
110,290
-
110,290
-
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
108,385
-
108,385
-
Corporate
34,380
-
34,380
-
Trust preferred
1,883
-
1,883
-
Foreign government
2,021
-
2,021
-
Loans held for sale, carried at fair value
43,098
-
43,098
-
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights
19,909
-
-
19,909
Derivatives (1)
4,705
-
4,705
-
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)
2,219
-
2,219
-
Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis:
Assets
Impaired loans (3)
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
213
-
-
213
Land, land development & construction-real estate
106
-
-
106
Commercial and industrial
1,335
-
-
1,335
Mortgage
1-4 family
1,271
-
-
1,271
Resort lending
325
-
-
325
Home equity - 1st lien
35
-
-
35
Home equity - 2nd lien
185
-
-
185
Installment
Home equity - 1st lien
40
-
-
40
Home equity - 2nd lien
40
-
-
40
Boat lending
65
-
-
65
Recreational vehicle lending
4
-
-
4
Other
95
-
-
95
Other real estate (4)
Mortgage
1-4 family
129
-
-
129
Home equity - 2nd lien
59
-
-
59

(1)
Included in accrued income and other assets
(2)
Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities
(3)
Only includes impaired loans with specific loss allocations based on collateral value.
(4)
Only includes other real estate with subsequent write downs to fair value.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Fair Value Measurements Using
Fair Value
Measure-
ments
Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets
for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Un-
observable
Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)
December 31, 2018:
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Equity securities at fair value
$
393
$
393
$
-
$
-
Securities available for sale
U.S. agency
20,014
-
20,014
-
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed
123,751
-
123,751
-
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed
5,726
-
5,726
-
Private label mortgage-backed
29,419
-
29,419
-
Other asset backed
83,319
-
83,319
-
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
127,555
-
127,555
-
Corporate
34,309
-
34,309
-
Trust preferred
1,819
-
1,819
-
Foreign government
2,014
-
2,014
-
Loans held for sale, carried at fair value
44,753
-
44,753
-
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights
21,400
-
-
21,400
Derivatives (1)
5,155
-
5,155
-
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)
2,326
-
2,326
-
Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring basis:
Assets
Loans held for sale, carried at the lower of cost or fair value
41,471
41,471
-
-
Impaired loans (3)
Commercial
Income producing - real estate
217
-
-
217
Land, land development & construction-real estate
106
-
-
106
Commercial and industrial
2,243
-
-
2,243
Mortgage
1-4 family
333
-
-
333
Resort lending
572
-
-
572
Other real estate (4)
Mortgage
1-4 family
95
-
-
95
Home equity - 2nd lien
59
-
-
59

(1)
Included in accrued income and other assets
(2)
Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities
(3)
Only includes impaired loans with specific loss allocations based on collateral value.
(4)
Only includes other real estate with subsequent write downs to fair value.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Changes in fair values for financial assets which we have elected the fair value option for the periods presented were as follows:

Changes in Fair Values for the Three-Month Periods
Ended March 31 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the Fair Value Option
Net Gains (Losses)
on Assets
Mortgage
Total
Change
in Fair
Values
Included
in Current
Securities
Mortgage
Loans
Loan
Servicing, net
Period
Earnings
(In thousands)
2019
Equity securities at fair value
$
167
$
-
$
-
$
167
Loans held for sale
-
96
-
96
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights
-
-
(2,691
)
(2,691
)
2018
Equity securities at fair value
$
(154
)
$
-
$
-
$
(154
)
Loans held for sale
-
(153
)
-
(153
)
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights
-
-
1,029
1,029

For those items measured at fair value pursuant to our election of the fair value option, interest income is recorded within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the contractual amount of interest income earned on these financial assets and dividend income is recorded based on cash dividends received.

The following represent impairment charges recognized during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 relating to assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

•
Loans which are measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral dependent loans had a carrying amount of $3.7 million, which is net of a valuation allowance of $1.7 million at March 31, 2019, and had a carrying amount of $3.5 million, which is net of a valuation allowance of $1.5 million at December 31, 2018. The provision for loan losses included in our results of operations relating to impaired loans was an expense of $0.5 million and $0.1 million during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

•
Other real estate, which is measured using the fair value of the property, had a carrying amount of $0.2 million which is net of a valuation allowance of $0.3 million at March 31, 2019, and a carrying amount of $0.2 million, which is net of a valuation allowance of $0.1 million, at December 31, 2018. An additional charge relating to other real estate measured at fair value of $0.12 million and $0.02 million was included in our results of operations during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

A reconciliation for all assets and (liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) follows:


Capitalized Mortgage Loan
Servicing Rights
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(In thousands)
Beginning balance
$
21,400
$
15,699
Total gains (losses) realized and unrealized:
Included in results of operations
(2,691
)
1,029
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)
-
-
Purchases, issuances, settlements, maturities and calls
1,200
1,055
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3
-
-
Ending balance
$
19,909
$
17,783
Amount of total gains (losses) for the period included in  earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities still held at March 31
$
(2,691
)
$
1,029

The fair value of our capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights has been determined based on a valuation model used by an independent third party as discussed above.  The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are discount rate, cost to service, ancillary income and float rate.  Significant changes in all four of these assumptions in isolation would result in significant changes to the value of our capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights.  Quantitative information about our Level 3 fair value measurements measured on a recurring basis follows:

Asset
Fair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Unobservable
Inputs
Range
Weighted
Average
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights
$
19,909
Present value of net
Discount rate
10.00% to 13.00
%
10.14
%
servicing revenue
Cost to service
$
66 to $217
$
80
Ancillary income
20 to 36
23
Float rate
2.29
%
2.29
%
December 31, 2018
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights
$
21,400
Present value of net
Discount rate
10.00% to 13.00
%
10.15
%
servicing revenue
Cost to service
$
68 to $216
$
81
Ancillary income
20 to 36
23
Float rate
2.57
%
2.57
%

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements measured on a non-recurring basis follows:

Asset
Fair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Unobservable
Inputs
Range
Weighted
Average
(In thousands)

March 31, 2019




Impaired loans


Commercial(1)
$
1,654
Sales comparison approach
Adjustment for differences between comparable sales
(48.0)% to 60.0
%
(5.1
)%




Mortgage and


Installment(2)
2,060
Sales comparison approach
Adjustment for differences between comparable sales
(41.2) to 50.4
(1.9
)




Other real estate


Mortgage
188
Sales comparison approach
Adjustment for differences between comparable sales
(30.9) to 77.9
4.7

December 31, 2018



Impaired loans


Commercial(1)
$
2,566
Sales comparison approach
Adjustment for differences between comparable sales
(32.5)% to 60.0
%
(1.9
)%


Mortgage
905
Sales comparison approach
Adjustment for differences between comparable sales
(40.1) to 25.6
0.7




Other real estate


Mortgage
154
Sales comparison approach
Adjustment for differences between comparable sales
0.0 to 34.1
11.2

(1)
In addition to the valuation techniques and unobservable inputs discussed above, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had an impaired collateral dependent commercial relationship that totaled $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively that was secured by collateral other than real estate. Collateral securing this relationship primarily included accounts receivable, inventory and cash at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Valuation techniques at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, included discounting financial statement values for each particular asset type. Discount rates used ranged from 5% to 97% of stated values at March 31, 2019 and 20% to 80% of stated values at December 31, 2018.
(2)
In addition to the valuation techniques and unobservable inputs discussed above, at March 31, 2019 certain impaired collateral dependent installment loans totaling approximately $0.2 million are secured by collateral other than real estate.  For the majority of these loans, we apply internal discount rates to industry valuation guides.

The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding for loans held for sale for which the fair value option has been elected for the periods presented.

Aggregate
Fair Value
Difference
Contractual
Principal
(In thousands)
Loans held for sale
March 31, 2019
$
43,098
$
1,353
$
41,745
December 31, 2018
44,753
1,257
43,496

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

12. Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Most of our assets and liabilities are considered financial instruments. Many of these financial instruments lack an available trading market and it is our general practice and intent to hold the majority of our financial instruments to maturity. Significant estimates and assumptions were used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. These estimates are subjective in nature, involving uncertainties and matters of judgment, and therefore, fair values may not be a precise estimate. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Estimated fair values have been determined using available data and methodologies that are considered suitable for each category of financial instrument. For instruments with adjustable interest rates which reprice frequently and without significant credit risk, it is presumed that estimated fair values approximate the recorded book balances.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

The estimated recorded book balances and fair values follow:

Fair Value Using
Recorded
Book
Balance
Fair Value
Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets
for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Un-
observable
Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)
March 31, 2019
Assets
Cash and due from banks
$
33,247
$
33,247
$
33,247
$
-
$
-
Interest bearing deposits
38,376
38,376
38,376
-
-
Interest bearing deposits - time
496
497
-
497
-
Securities available for sale
461,531
461,531
-
461,531
-
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock
18,359
NA
NA
NA
NA
Net loans and loans held for sale
2,636,639
2,615,992
-
43,098
2,572,894
Accrued interest receivable
10,984
10,984
7
2,153
8,824
Derivative financial instruments
4,705
4,705
-
4,705
-
Liabilities
Deposits with no stated maturity (1)
$
2,276,138
$
2,276,138
$
2,276,138
$
-
$
-
Deposits with stated maturity (1)
658,087
655,161
-
655,161
-
Other borrowings
25,714
25,776
-
25,776
-
Subordinated debentures
39,405
35,162
-
35,162
-
Accrued interest payable
1,786
1,786
134
1,652
-
Derivative financial instruments
2,219
2,219
-
2,219
-
December 31, 2018
Assets
Cash and due from banks
$
23,350
$
23,350
$
23,350
$
-
$
-
Interest bearing deposits
46,894
46,894
46,894
-
-
Interest bearing deposits - time
595
594
-
594
-
Equity securities at fair value
393
393
393
-
-
Securities available for sale
427,926
427,926
-
427,926
-
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock
18,359
NA
NA
NA
NA
Net loans and loans held for sale
2,643,856
2,606,256
41,471
44,753
2,520,032
Accrued interest receivable
10,164
10,164
22
1,789
8,353
Derivative financial instruments
5,155
5,155
-
5,155
-
Liabilities
Deposits with no stated maturity (1)
$
2,197,494
$
2,197,494
$
2,197,494
$
-
$
-
Deposits with stated maturity (1)
715,934
711,312
-
711,312
-
Other borrowings
25,700
25,706
-
25,706
-
Subordinated debentures
39,388
35,021
-
35,021
-
Accrued interest payable
1,646
1,646
114
1,532
-
Derivative financial instruments
2,326
2,326
-
2,326
-

(1)
Deposits with no stated maturity include reciprocal deposits with a recorded book balance of $209.912 million and $123.080 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Deposits with a stated maturity include reciprocal deposits with a recorded book balance of $ 57.266 million and $58.992 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

The fair values for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are estimated to approximate their aggregate book balance, which is nominal and therefore are not disclosed.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale the entire holdings of a particular financial instrument.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business, the value of future earnings attributable to off-balance sheet activities and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments.

Fair value estimates for deposit accounts do not include the value of the core deposit intangible asset resulting from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.

13. Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in various litigation matters in the ordinary course of business. At the present time, we do not believe any of these matters will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. The aggregate amount we have accrued for losses we consider probable as a result of these litigation matters is immaterial. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of outcomes from any litigation matter, we believe it is reasonably possible we may incur losses in addition to the amounts we have accrued.  At this time, we estimate the maximum amount of additional losses that are reasonably possible is insignificant.  However, because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages, this maximum amount may change in the future.

The litigation matters described in the preceding paragraph primarily include claims that have been brought against us for damages, but do not include litigation matters where we seek to collect amounts owed to us by third parties (such as litigation initiated to collect delinquent loans). These excluded, collection-related matters may involve claims or counterclaims by the opposing party or parties, but we have excluded such matters from the disclosure contained in the preceding paragraph in all cases where we believe the possibility of us paying damages to any opposing party is remote. Risks associated with the likelihood that we will not collect the full amount owed to us, net of reserves, are disclosed elsewhere in this report.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

The provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans represents our estimate of incurred losses related to mortgage loans that we have sold to investors (primarily Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis). Since we sell mortgage loans without recourse, loss reimbursements only occur in those instances where we have breached a representation or warranty or other contractual requirement related to the loan sale. The provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans was an expense of $0.11 million and $0.01 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The reserve for loss reimbursements on sold mortgage loans totaled $0.80 million and $0.78 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. This reserve is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. This reserve is based on an analysis of mortgage loans that we have sold which are further categorized by delinquency status, loan to value, and year of origination. The calculation includes factors such as probability of default, probability of loss reimbursement (breach of representation or warranty) and estimated loss severity. We believe that the amounts that we have accrued for incurred losses on sold mortgage loans are appropriate given our analyses. However, future losses could exceed our current estimate.

14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (“AOCL”)

A summary of changes in AOCL follows:

Unrealized
Losses on
Securities
Available
for Sale
Dispropor-
tionate
Tax Effects
from
Securities
Available
for Sale
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses) on
Cash Flow
Hedges
Total
(In thousands)
For the three months ended March 31,
2019
Balances at beginning of period
$
(4,185
)
$
(5,798
)
$
(125
)
$
(10,108
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
4,236
-
(719
)
3,517
Amounts reclassified from AOCL
(108
)
-
(118
)
(226
)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
4,128
-
(837
)
3,291
Balances at end of period
$
(57
)
$
(5,798
)
$
(962
)
$
(6,817
)
2018
Balances at beginning of period
$
(470
)
$
(5,798
)
$
269
$
(5,999
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
(3,054
)
-
541
(2,513
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL
15
-
(5
)
10
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
(3,039
)
-
536
(2,503
)
Balances at end of period
$
(3,509
)
$
(5,798
)
$
805
$
(8,502
)

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

The disproportionate tax effects from securities available for sale arose due to tax effects of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in the presence of a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets and a pretax loss from operations.  Generally, the amount of income tax expense or benefit allocated to operations is determined without regard to the tax effects of other categories of income or loss, such as OCI. However, an exception to the general rule is provided when, in the presence of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, there is a pretax loss from operations and pretax income from other categories in the current period.  In such instances, income from other categories must offset the current loss from operations, the tax benefit of such offset being reflected in operations. Release of material disproportionate tax effects from other comprehensive income to earnings is done by the portfolio method whereby the effects will remain in AOCL as long as we carry a more than inconsequential portfolio of securities available for sale.

A summary of reclassifications out of each component of AOCL for the three months ended March 31 follows:

AOCL Component
Amount
Reclassified
From
AOCL
Affected Line Item in Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands)
2019
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale
$
137
Net gains (losses) on securities
-
Net impairment loss recognized in earnings
137
Total reclassifications before tax
29
Income tax expense
$
108
Reclassifications, net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges
$
(149
)
Interest expense
(31
)
Income tax expense
$
(118
)
Reclassification, net of tax
$
226
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax
2018
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale
$
(19
)
Net gains (losses) on securities
-
Net impairment loss recognized in earnings
(19
)
Total reclassifications before tax
(4
)
Income tax expense
$
(15
)
Reclassifications, net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges
$
(6
)
Interest expense
(1
)
Income tax expense
$
(5
)
Reclassification, net of tax
$
(10
)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

15. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We derive the majority of our revenue from financial instruments and their related contractual rights and obligations which for the most part are excluded from the scope of this topic.  These sources of revenue that are excluded from the scope of this topic include interest income, net gains on mortgage loans, net gains (losses) on securities, mortgage loan servicing, net and bank owned life insurance and were approximately 84.9% and 82.2% of total revenues at March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Material sources of revenue that are included in the scope of this topic include service charges on deposits, other deposit related income, interchange income and investment and insurance commissions and are discussed in the following paragraphs.  Generally these sources of revenue are earned at the time the service is delivered or over the course of a monthly period and do not result in any contract asset or liability balance at any given period end.  As a result, there were no contract assets or liabilities recorded as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Service charges on deposit accounts and other deposit related income : Revenues are earned on depository accounts for commercial and retail customers and include fees for transaction-based, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which includes services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges and ACH fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the time we fulfill our customer’s request.  Account maintenance fees, which includes monthly maintenance services are earned over the course of a month representing the period over which the performance obligation is satisfied. Our obligation for overdraft services is satisfied at the time of the overdraft.

Interchange income: Interchange income primarily includes debit card interchange and network revenues.  Debit card interchange and network revenues are earned on debit card transactions conducted through payment networks such as MasterCard and NYCE. Interchange income is recognized concurrently with the delivery of services on a daily basis. Interchange and network revenues are presented gross of interchange expenses, which are presented separately as a component of non-interest expense.

Investment and insurance commissions: Investment and insurance commissions include fees and commissions from asset management, custody, recordkeeping, investment advisory and other services provided to our customers. Revenue is recognized on an accrual basis at the time the services are performed and are generally based on either the market value of the assets managed or the services provided.  We have an agent relationship with a third party provider of these services and net certain direct costs charged by the third party provider associated with providing these services to our customers.

Net (gains) losses on other real estate and repossessed assets: We record a gain or loss from the sale of other real estate when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed.  If we were to finance the sale of other real estate to the buyer, we would assess whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction is probable.  Once these criteria are met, the other real estate asset would be derecognized and the gain or loss on sale would be recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer.  There were no other real estate properties sold during the three month periods ending March 31, 2019 and 2018 that were financed by us.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Disaggregation of our revenue sources by attribute follows:

Three months ending March 31, 2019

Service
Charges
on Deposits
Other
Deposit
Related
Income
Interchange
Income
Investment
and
Insurance
Commissions
Total
(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees
$
1,730
-
-
-
$
1,730
Account service charges
516
-
-
-
516
ATM fees
-
$
322
-
-
322
Other
-
251
-
-
251
Business
Overdraft fees
385
-
-
-
385
Account service charges
9
-
-
-
9
ATM fees
-
8
-
-
8
Other
-
129
-
-
129
Interchange income
-
-
$
2,355
-
2,355
Asset management revenue
-
-
-
$
254
254
Transaction based revenue
-
-
-
43
43
Total
$
2,640
$
710
$
2,355
$
297
$
6,002
Reconciliation to Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Non-interest income - other:
Other deposit related income
$
710
Investment and insurance commissions
297
Bank owned life insurance
242
Other
1,015
Total
$
2,264

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Three months ending March 31, 2018


Service
Charges
on Deposits
Other
Deposit
Related
Income
Interchange
Income
Investment
and
Insurance
Commissions
Total
(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees
$
1,972
-
-
-
$
1,972
Account service charges
500
-
-
-
500
ATM fees
-
$
345
-
-
345
Other
-
207
-
-
207
Business
Overdraft fees
365
-
-
-
365
Account service charges
68
-
-
-
68
ATM fees
-
8
-
-
8
Other
-
129
-
-
129
Interchange income
-
-
$
2,246
-
2,246
Asset management revenue
-
-
-
$
271
271
Transaction based revenue
-
-
-
167
167
Total
$
2,905
$
689
$
2,246
$
438
$
6,278
Reconciliation to Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Non-interest income - other:
Other deposit related income
$
689
Investment and insurance commissions
438
Bank owned life insurance
256
Other
560
Total
$
1,943

16. Leases

We have operating leases, primarily relating to certain office facilities, some of which include renewal options and escalation clauses.  Certain leases also include both lease components (fixed payments including rent, taxes and insurance costs) and non-lease components (common area or other maintenance costs) which are accounted for as a single lease component as we have elected the practical expedient to group lease and non-lease components for all leases.  Most of our leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at our sole discretion and are included in our ROU assets and lease liabilities if they are reasonably certain of exercise.  As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments.

The cost components of our operating leases follows:

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
(In thousands)
Operating lease cost
$
564
Variable lease cost
23
Short-term lease cost
5
Total
$
592

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Variable lease costs consist primarily of taxes, insurance, and common area or other maintenance costs for our leased facilities.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to our operating leases follows:

March 31, 2019
(In thousands)
Lease right of use asset
$
7,199
Lease liabilities
$
7,202
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
5.65
Weighted average discount rate
3.2
%

Maturity analysis of our lease liabilities at March 31, 2019 based on required contractual payments follows:

(In thousands)
Nine months ending December 31, 2019
$
1,662
2020
1,711
2021
1,248
2022
963
2023
925
2024 and thereafter
1,423
Total lease payments
7,932
Less imputed interest
(730
)
Total
$
7,202

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

17. Recent Acquisition

Effective April 1, 2018, we completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of TCSB through a merger of TCSB into Independent Bank Corporation (“IBCP”), with IBCP as the surviving corporation (the ‘‘Merger’’).  On that same date we also consolidated Traverse City State Bank, TCSB’s wholly-owned subsidiary bank, into Independent Bank (with Independent Bank as the surviving institution).  Under the terms of the merger agreement each holder of TCSB common stock received 1.1166 shares of IBCP common stock plus cash in lieu of fractional shares totaling $0.005 million.  TCSB option holders had their options converted into IBCP stock options.  As a result we issued 2.71 million shares of common stock and 0.19 million stock options with a fair value of approximately $64.5 million to the shareholders and option holders of TCSB.  The fair value of common stock and stock options issued as the consideration paid for TCSB was determined using the closing price of our common stock on the acquisition date.  This acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting.  Accordingly, we recognized amounts for identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated acquisition date fair values.  TCSB results of operations are included in our results beginning April 1, 2018.

The following table reflects our final valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
23,521
Interest bearing deposits - time
4,054
Securities available for sale
6,066
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
778
Loans, net
295,799
Property and equipement, net
1,067
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights
3,047
Accrued income and other assets
3,362
Other intangibles (1)
5,798
Total assets acquired
343,492
Deposits
287,710
Other borrowings
14,345
Subordinated debentures
3,768
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
1,429
Total liabilities assumed
307,252
Net assets acquired
36,240
Goodwill
28,300
Purchase price (fair value of consideration)
$
64,540

(1)
Relates to core deposit intangibles (see note #7).

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

Management views the disclosed fair values presented above to be final as the one-year measurement period for finalizing acquisition-date fair values has expired.  During this measurement period we had one adjustment to our acquisition date fair values.  During the third quarter of 2018, goodwill was reduced by $0.7 million (to $28.3 million) related to the collection of a TCSB acquired loan that had been charged off in full prior to the Merger.  Because of the status of the collection activities related to this loan at the time of the Merger, we determined that this transaction was a measurement period adjustment and reduced goodwill accordingly.

Goodwill related to this acquisition will not be deductible for tax purposes and consists largely of synergies and cost savings resulting from the combining of the operations of TCSB into ours as well as expansion into a new market.

The estimated fair value of the core deposit intangible was $5.8 million and is being amortized over an estimated useful life of 10 years.

The fair value of net assets acquired includes fair value adjustments to certain receivables that were not considered impaired as of the acquisition date. The fair value adjustments were determined using discounted contractual cash flows.  However, we believe that all contractual cash flows related to these financial instruments will be collected.  As such, these receivables were not considered impaired at the acquisition date and were not subject to the guidance relating to purchased credit impaired loans which have shown evidence of credit deterioration since origination.  Receivables acquired that are not subject to these requirements included non-impaired customer receivables with a fair value and gross contractual amounts receivable of $292.9 million and $298.6 million on the date of acquisition.

ITEM 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Introduction . The following section presents additional information to assess the financial condition and results of operations of Independent Bank Corporation (“IBCP”), its wholly-owned bank, Independent Bank (the “Bank”), and their subsidiaries. This section should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We also encourage you to read our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). That report includes a list of risk factors that you should consider in connection with any decision to buy or sell our securities.

Overview . We provide banking services to customers located primarily in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula.  We also have two loan production offices in Ohio (Columbus and Fairlawn).  As a result, our success depends to a great extent upon the economic conditions in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. At times, we have experienced a difficult economy in Michigan. Economic conditions in Michigan began to show signs of improvement during 2010.  Generally, these improvements have continued into 2019, albeit at an uneven pace.  In addition, since early- to mid-2009, we have seen an improvement in our asset quality metrics. In particular, since early 2012, we have generally experienced a decline in non-performing assets, lower levels of new loan defaults, and reduced levels of loan net charge-offs.

Recent Developments . On December 4, 2017, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with TCSB Bancorp, Inc. (“TCSB”) (the “Merger Agreement”) providing for a business combination of IBCP and TCSB.  On April 1, 2018, TCSB was merged with and into IBCP, with IBCP as the surviving corporation (the “Merger”).  In connection with the Merger, on April 1, 2018, IBCP consolidated Traverse City State Bank, TCSB’s wholly-owned subsidiary bank, with and into Independent Bank (with Independent Bank as the surviving institution). See note #17.

It is against this backdrop that we discuss our results of operations and financial condition in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018.

Results of Operations

Summary. We recorded net income of $9.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to net income of $9.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in net income is primarily due to an increase in net interest income that was partially offset by a decrease in non-interest income and increases in the provision for loan losses, non-interest expense and income tax expense.

Key performance ratios

Three months
ended March 31,
2019
2018
Net income (annualized) to
Average assets
1.13
%
1.34
%
Average common shareholders’ equity
11.14
14.04
Net income per common share
Basic
$
0.40
$
0.43
Diluted
0.39
0.42

Net interest income. Net interest income is the most important source of our earnings and thus is critical in evaluating our results of operations. Changes in our net interest income are primarily influenced by our level of interest-earning assets and the income or yield that we earn on those assets and the manner and cost of funding our interest-earning assets. Certain macro-economic factors can also influence our net interest income such as the level and direction of interest rates, the difference between short-term and long-term interest rates (the steepness of the yield curve) and the general strength of the economies in which we are doing business. Finally, risk management plays an important role in our level of net interest income. The ineffective management of credit risk and interest-rate risk in particular can adversely impact our net interest income.

Net interest income totaled $30.2 million during the first quarter of 2019, which represents a $6.3 million, or 26.3% increase, from the comparable quarter one year earlier. The increase in net interest income in 2019 compared to 2018 primarily reflects a 17 basis point increase in our tax equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets (the “net interest margin”) as well as an increase in average interest-earning assets.

Total average interest-earning assets were $3.15 billion in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $2.61 billion in the year ago quarter.

The increase in average interest-earning assets primarily reflects the Merger and loan growth utilizing funds from an increase in deposits.  The increase in the net interest margin reflects a change in the mix of average-interest earning assets (higher percentage of loans) as well as increases in short-term market interest rates.

Our net interest income is also adversely impacted by our level of non-accrual loans.  In the first quarter of 2019 non-accrual loans averaged $9.1 million compared to $7.5 million in the first quarter of 2018.

Average Balances and Tax Equivalent Rates

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019
2018
Average
Balance
Interest
Rate (2)
Average
Balance
Interest
Rate (2)
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Taxable loans
$
2,613,182
$
32,600
5.03
%
$
2,060,720
$
23,339
4.57
%
Tax-exempt loans (1)
8,689
103
4.81
2,127
18
3.43
Taxable securities
389,845
3,006
3.08
422,254
2,635
2.50
Tax-exempt securities (1)
56,889
469
3.30
78,345
603
3.08
Interest bearing cash
65,213
311
1.93
32,901
82
1.01
Other investments
18,359
264
5.83
15,543
248
6.47
Interest Earning Assets
3,152,177
36,753
4.70
2,611,890
26,925
4.15
Cash and due from banks
34,240
32,135
Other assets, net
170,586
132,961
Total Assets
$
3,357,003
$
2,776,986
Liabilities
Savings and interest- bearing checking
$
1,361,057
1,486
0.44
$
1,094,981
551
0.20
Time deposits
688,434
4,195
2.47
564,282
1,736
1.25
Other borrowings
66,058
712
4.37
64,890
574
3.59
Interest Bearing Liabilities
2,115,549
6,393
1.23
1,724,153
2,861
0.67
Non-interest bearing deposits
859,605
758,643
Other liabilities
40,257
29,606
Shareholders’ equity
341,592
264,584
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
3,357,003
$
2,776,986
Net Interest Income
$
30,360
$
24,064
Net Interest Income as a Percent of Average Interest Earning Assets
3.88
%
3.71
%

(1)
Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities is presented on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a marginal tax rate of 21%.
(2)
Annualized

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(Dollars in thousands)
Net Interest Margin, Fully Taxable Equivalent (“FTE”)
Net interest income
$
30,243
$
23,936
Add:  taxable equivalent adjustment
117
128
Net interest income - taxable equivalent
$
30,360
$
24,064
Net interest margin (GAAP) (1)
3.86
%
3.69
%
Net interest margin (FTE) (1)
3.88
%
3.71
%

(1)
Annualized.

Provision for loan losses. The provision for loan losses was an expense of $0.7 million and $0.3 million in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively.  The provision reflects our assessment of the allowance for loan losses taking into consideration factors such as loan mix, levels of non-performing and classified loans and loan net charge-offs. While we use relevant information to recognize losses on loans, additional provisions for related losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, customer circumstances and other credit risk factors.   See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality” for a discussion of the various components of the allowance for loan losses and their impact on the provision for loan losses in the first quarter of 2019.

Non-interest income. Non-interest income is a significant element in assessing our results of operations. Non-interest income totaled $10.0 million and $11.7 million during the first three months of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The components of non-interest income are as follows:

Non-Interest Income

Three months ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(In thousands)
Service charges on deposit accounts
$
2,640
$
2,905
Interchange income
2,355
2,246
Net gains (losses) on assets
Mortgage loans
3,611
2,571
Securities
304
(173
)
Mortgage loan servicing, net
(1,215
)
2,221
Investment and insurance commissions
297
438
Bank owned life insurance
242
256
Other
1,725
1,249
Total non-interest income
$
9 ,959
$
11,713

Service charges on deposit accounts totaled $2.6 million in the first quarter of 2019, a decrease of $0.3 million from the comparable period in 2018.  This decrease was principally due to a decline in non-sufficient funds charges.

Interchange income totaled $2.4 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $2.2 million in the year ago period due primarily to an increase in debit card transaction volume.  The increase in transaction volume reflects the Merger and overall general growth.

Net gains on mortgage loans were $3.6 million and $2.6 million in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively.   Mortgage loan sales totaled $154.5 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $106.3 million in the first quarter of 2018.  Mortgage loans originated totaled $137.8 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $159.0 million in the comparable quarter of 2018.

Mortgage Loan Activity

Three months ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage loans originated
$
137,758
$
158,967
Mortgage loans sold (1)
154,525
106,343
Net gains on mortgage loans
3,611
2,571
Net gains as a percentage of mortgage loans sold (“Loan Sales Margin”)
2.34
%
2.42
%
Fair value adjustments included in the Loan Sales Margin
0.58
%
0.11
%

(1)
2019 and 2018 include mortgage loans not originated for sale totaling $70.4 million and $16.5 million, respectively.

The volume of loans sold is dependent upon our ability to originate mortgage loans as well as the demand for fixed-rate obligations and other loans that we choose to not put into portfolio because of our established interest-rate risk parameters. (See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality.”) Net gains on mortgage loans are also dependent upon economic and competitive factors as well as our ability to effectively manage exposure to changes in interest rates and thus can often be a volatile part of our overall revenues.

Net gains as a percentage of mortgage loans sold (our “Loan Sales Margin”) are impacted by several factors including competition and the manner in which the loan is sold. Net gains on mortgage loans are also impacted by recording fair value accounting adjustments. Excluding these fair value accounting adjustments, as well as portfolio mortgage loan sales of $70.4 million and $16.5 million in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively, the adjusted Loan Sales Margin would have been 2.59% and 2.68% for these respective periods. The changes in the fair value accounting adjustments are primarily due to changes in the amount of commitments to originate mortgage loans for sale during each period.

We recorded net gains (losses) on securities of approximately $0.30 million and $(0.17) million in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively.  The first quarter 2019 net gains on securities are due primarily to an increase in the fair value of equity securities of $0.17 million and net gains of $0.14 million on the sale of $42.2 million of securities available for sale.  The first quarter 2018 net losses on securities were due primarily to a decline in the fair value of equity securities of $0.15 million and net losses of $0.02 million on the sale of $22.3 million of securities available for sale.

We recorded no net impairment losses in either the first quarter of 2019 or 2018, for other than temporary impairment of securities available for sale.  (See “Securities.”)

Mortgage loan servicing generated a loss of $1.2 million and income of $2.2 million in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively.  This activity is summarized in the following table:

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
March 31, 2018
Mortgage loan servicing:
(Dollars in thousands)
Revenue, net
$
1,476
$
1,192
Fair value change due to price
(2,203
)
1,458
Fair value change due to pay-downs
(488
)
(429
)
Total
$
(1,215
)
$
2,221

The significant variance in the fair value change due to price relates primarily to the decline in mortgage loan interest rates in the first quarter of 2019.  That decline increased projected prepayment rates for mortgage loans serviced for others, leading to a decrease in fair value.

Activity related to capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights is as follows:

Capitalized Mortgage Loan Servicing Rights

Three months ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
$
21,400
$
15,699
Originated servicing rights capitalized
1,200
1,055
Change in fair value
(2,691
)
1,029
Balance at end of period
$
19,909
$
17,783

At March 31, 2019 we were servicing approximately $2.38 billion in mortgage loans for others on which servicing rights have been capitalized. This servicing portfolio had a weighted average coupon rate of 4.26% and a weighted average service fee of approximately 25.8 basis points. Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights (recorded at fair value) at March 31, 2019 totaled $19.9 million, representing approximately 83.6 basis points on the related amount of mortgage loans serviced for others.

Investment and insurance commissions declined by $0.14 million in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to the year ago period due primarily to slower product sales reflecting market volatility and uncertainty and a $0.05 million charge-back related to commission on a large annuity sale from the fourth quarter of 2018.

We earned $0.24 million and $0.26 million in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively, principally as a result of increases in the cash surrender value of our separate account bank owned life insurance.  Our separate account is primarily invested in agency mortgage-backed securities and managed by a third-party. The crediting rate (on which the earnings are based) reflects the performance of the separate account.  The total cash surrender value of our bank owned life insurance was $55.3 million and $55.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Other non-interest income totaled $1.73 million and $1.25 million during the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively.  This increase is primarily due to $0.38 million of recoveries on TCSB loans that had been charged-off prior to the Merger and an increase in wire transfer fees.

Non-interest expense. Non-interest expense is an important component of our results of operations. We strive to efficiently manage our cost structure.

Non-interest expense totaled $28.0 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $24.1 million in the year ago period. Many categories of non-interest expense have increased primarily as a result of the Merger.  The components of non-interest expense are as follows:

Non-Interest Expense
Three months ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(In thousands)
Compensation
$
10,481
$
8,930
Performance-based compensation
2,220
2,783
Payroll taxes and employee benefits
3,650
2,755
Compensation and employee benefits
16,351
14,468
Occupancy, net
2,505
2,264
Data processing
2,144
1,878
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
1,029
967
Communications
769
680
Interchange expense
688
598
Advertising
672
441
Loan and collection
634
677
Legal and professional
369
378
FDIC deposit insurance
368
230
Amortization of intangible assets
272
86
Costs (recoveries) related to unfunded lending commitments
160
(114
)
Supplies
158
165
Net (gains) losses on other real estate and repossessed assets
119
(290
)
Provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans
111
11
Credit card and bank service fees
103
96
Merger related expenses
--
174
Other
1,538
1,426
Total non-interest expense
$
27,990
$
24,135

Compensation and employee benefits expenses, in total, increased by $1.9 million, or 13.0%, in the first quarter of 2019, as compared to the year ago period.

Compensation expense increased by $1.6 million, or 17.4%.  This year-over-year increase was generally attributable to the Merger (approximately $0.9 million) and the balance of the increase was due primarily to annual compensation increases that were effective on January 1, 2019.

Performance-based compensation decreased by $0.6 million in 2019 due primarily to a lower accrual for anticipated incentive compensation for salaried employees based on our forecasted 2019 performance as compared to goals.  In addition, the first quarter of 2018 included a $0.3 million bonus that was paid to hourly employees.

Payroll taxes and employee benefits increased $0.9 million in 2019 due primarily to higher health insurance costs ($0.7 million increase) as well as higher payroll taxes and 401(k) plan costs (in part, reflecting an increased number of employees due to the Merger).  We have a self-insured health insurance plan with an individual claim stop-loss limit.  Health insurance claims levels have increased substantially since the second quarter of 2018 and continuing into 2019.

Occupancy, net, increased $0.2 million, or 10.6%, in the first quarter of 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to additional branch locations added as a result of the Merger and higher snow removal costs.

Data processing expense increased $0.3 million, or 14.2%, in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the year earlier period due primarily to the Merger and various new software products that have been implemented.

Furniture, fixtures and equipment, legal and professional fees, supplies and credit card and bank service fees were all relatively unchanged in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to the year earlier period.

Communications expense increased $0.1 million, or 13.1%, in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the year earlier period due primarily to the Merger.

Interchange expense increased by $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the year ago quarter due primarily to increased transaction volume as a result of the Merger and general growth.

Advertising expense increased $0.2 million, or 52.4%, in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the year earlier period due primarily to increases in outdoor (billboards) advertising and sponsorship of various community events.

Loan and collection expenses primarily reflect costs related to lending activities, including the management and collection of non-performing loans and other problem credits. These expenses were relatively unchanged in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the year ago quarter.

FDIC deposit insurance expense increased by $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the year ago quarter due to a combination of an increase in our assessment rate and growth in our total assets.

The amortization of intangible assets primarily relates to the Merger and prior branch acquisitions and the amortization of the deposit customer relationship value, including core deposit value, which was acquired in connection with those transactions. We had remaining unamortized intangible assets of $6.1 million and $6.4 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. See note #7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a schedule of future amortization of intangible assets.

The changes in costs related to unfunded lending commitments are primarily impacted by changes in the amounts of such commitments to originate portfolio loans as well as (for commercial loan commitments) the grade (pursuant to our loan rating system) of such commitments.  In addition, in the first quarter of 2019, we made some adjustments to the look back period for determining these costs that led to the increased expense.

Net (gains) losses on other real estate and repossessed assets primarily represent the gain or loss on the sale or additional write downs on these assets subsequent to the transfer of the asset from our loan portfolio. This transfer occurs at the time we acquire the collateral that secured the loan. At the time of acquisition, the other real estate or repossessed asset is valued at fair value, less estimated costs to sell, which becomes the new basis for the asset. Any write-downs at the time of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan losses.  The $0.1 million of net losses in the first quarter of 2019 were primarily attributed to write-downs of residential real estate.  The $0.3 million net gain in the first quarter of 2018 primarily relates to the sale of residential real estate and reflected generally increasing housing prices in our markets at that time.

The provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans was an expense of $0.11 million and $0.01 million in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively, and represents our estimate of incurred losses related to mortgage loans that we have sold to investors (primarily Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis [“FHLB”]).  Since we sell mortgage loans without recourse, loss reimbursements only occur in those instances where we have breached a representation or warranty or other contractual requirement related to the loan sale.  The reserve for loss reimbursements on sold mortgage loans totaled $0.80 million and $0.78 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. This reserve is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We believe that the amounts that we have accrued for incurred losses on sold mortgage loans are appropriate given our analyses.  However, future losses could exceed our current estimate.

Merger related expenses totaled $0.2 million in the first quarter of 2018 and primarily represented professional fees incurred related to the Merger.

Other non-interest expenses increased by $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the year ago quarter due primarily to a higher level of debit card fraud losses.

Income tax expense. We recorded an income tax expense of $2.2 million and $2.0 million in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Our actual federal income tax expense is different than the amount computed by applying our statutory income tax rate to our income before income tax primarily due to tax-exempt interest income and tax-exempt income from the increase in the cash surrender value on life insurance.  In addition, both the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, include a reduction of $0.2 million of income tax expense related to impact of the excess value of stock awards that vested and stock options that were exercised as compared to the initial fair values that were expensed.

We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. The ultimate realization of this asset is primarily based on generating future income. We concluded at both March 31, 2019 and 2018 and at December 31, 2018, that the realization of substantially all of our deferred tax assets continues to be more likely than not.
Financial Condition

Summary. Our total assets increased by $30.3 million during the first three months of 2019.  Loans, excluding loans held for sale (“Portfolio Loans”), totaled $2.62 billion at March 31, 2019, an increase of $36.3 million, or 1.4%, from December 31, 2018.  (See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality.”)

Deposits totaled $2.93 billion at March 31, 2019, compared to $2.91 billion at December 31, 2018.  The $20.8 million increase in total deposits during the period is due to growth in savings and interest-bearing checking deposit account balances and in reciprocal deposits.

Securities. We maintain diversified securities portfolios, which include obligations of U.S. government-sponsored agencies, securities issued by states and political subdivisions, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, corporate securities, trust preferred securities and foreign government securities (that are denominated in U.S. dollars). We regularly evaluate asset/liability management needs and attempt to maintain a portfolio structure that provides sufficient liquidity and cash flow. Except as discussed below, we believe that the unrealized losses on securities available for sale are temporary in nature and are expected to be recovered within a reasonable time period. We believe that we have the ability to hold securities with unrealized losses to maturity or until such time as the unrealized losses reverse. (See “Asset/liability management.”)

Securities
Unrealized
Amortized
Cost
Gains
Losses
Fair
Value
(In thousands)
Securities available for sale
March 31, 2019
$
461,604
$
2,755
$
2,828
$
461,531
December 31, 2018
433,224
1,520
6,818
427,926

Securities available for sale increased $33.6 million during the first quarter of 2019.  Our portfolio of securities available for sale is reviewed quarterly for impairment in value. In performing this review, management considers (1) the length of time and extent that fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) the impact of changes in market interest rates on the market value of the security and (4) an assessment of whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. For securities that do not meet these recovery criteria, the amount of impairment recognized in earnings is limited to the amount related to credit losses, while impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).  We recorded no impairment losses related to other than temporary impairment on securities available for sale in either the first quarter of 2019 or 2018.

Sales of securities were as follows (See “Non-interest income.”):

Three months ended
March 31,
2019
2018
(In thousands)
Proceeds
$
42,236
$
22,277
Gross gains
$
169
$
76
Gross losses
(32
)
(95
)
Net impairment charges
--
--
Fair value adjustments
167
(154
)
Net gains (losses)
$
304
$
(173
)

Portfolio Loans and asset quality. In addition to the communities served by our Bank branch and loan production office network, our principal lending markets also include nearby communities and metropolitan areas. Subject to established underwriting criteria, we also may participate in commercial lending transactions with certain non-affiliated banks and make whole loan purchases from other financial institutions.

The senior management and board of directors of our Bank retain authority and responsibility for credit decisions and we have adopted uniform underwriting standards. Our loan committee structure and the loan review process attempt to provide requisite controls and promote compliance with such established underwriting standards. However, there can be no assurance that our lending procedures and the use of uniform underwriting standards will prevent us from incurring significant credit losses in our lending activities.

We generally retain loans that may be profitably funded within established risk parameters. (See “Asset/liability management.”) As a result, we may hold adjustable-rate conventional and fixed rate jumbo mortgage loans as Portfolio Loans, while 15- and 30-year fixed-rate non-jumbo mortgage loans are generally sold to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates. (See “Non-interest income.”) Due primarily to the expansion of our mortgage-banking activities and a change in mix in our mortgage loan originations, we are now originating and putting into Portfolio Loans more fixed rate mortgage loans than as compared to past periods.  These fixed rate mortgage loans generally have terms from 15 to 30 years, do not have prepayment penalties and expose us to more interest rate risk.  To date, our interest rate risk profile has not changed significantly.  However, we are carefully monitoring this change in the composition of our Portfolio Loans and the impact of potential future changes in interest rates on our changes in market value of portfolio equity and changes in net interest income. (See “Asset/liability management.”).  As a result, we have added and may continue to add some longer-term borrowings, may utilize derivatives (interest rate swaps and interest rate caps) to manage interest rate risk and may begin to attempt to sell fixed rate jumbo mortgage loans in the future.

A summary of our Portfolio Loans follows:

March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(In thousands)
Real estate(1)
Residential first mortgages
$
805,875
$
811,719
Residential home equity and other junior mortgages
176,082
177,574
Construction and land development
189,865
180,286
Other(2)
719,622
707,347
Consumer
392,458
379,607
Commercial
328,643
319,058
Agricultural
6,250
6,929
Total loans
$
2,618,795
$
2,582,520

(1)
Includes both residential and non-residential commercial loans secured by real estate.
(2)
Includes loans secured by multi-family residential and non-farm, non-residential property.

Non-performing assets (1)

March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans
$
8,849
$
9,029
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest
--
5
Total non-performing loans
8,849
9,034
Other real estate and repossessed assets
1,338
1,299
Total non-performing assets
$
10,187
$
10,333
As a percent of Portfolio Loans
Non-performing loans
0.34
%
0.35
%
Allowance for loan losses
0.96
0.96
Non-performing assets to total assets
0.30
0.31
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of non-performing loans
285.39
275.49

(1)
Excludes loans classified as “troubled debt restructured” that are not past due.

Troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”)

March 31, 2019
Commercial
Retail (1)
Total
(In thousands)
Performing TDR’s
$
6,209
$
44,427
$
50,636
Non-performing TDR’s (2)
67
2,657
(3)
2,724
Total
$
6,276
$
47,084
$
53,360
December 31, 2018
Commercial
Retail (1)
Total
(In thousands)
Performing TDR’s
$
6,460
$
46,627
$
53,087
Non-performing TDR’s (2)
74
2,884
(3)
2,958
Total
$
6,534
$
49,511
$
56,045

(1)
Retail loans include mortgage and installment loan segments.
(2)
Included in non-performing assets table above.
(3)
Also includes loans on non-accrual at the time of modification until six payments are received on a timely basis.

Non-performing loans decreased by $0.2 million, or 2.0%, during the first quarter of 2019 due principally to a decline in non-performing commercial loans. This decline primarily reflects reduced levels of new loan defaults as well as loan charge-offs, pay-offs, negotiated transactions, and the migration of loans into other real estate. In general, stable economic conditions in our market areas, as well as our collection and resolution efforts, have resulted in a downward trend in non-performing loans.  However, we are still experiencing some loan defaults, particularly related to commercial loans secured by income-producing property and mortgage loans secured by resort/vacation property.

Non-performing loans exclude performing loans that are classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). Performing TDRs totaled $50.6 million, or 1.9% of total Portfolio Loans, and $53.1 million, or 2.1% of total Portfolio Loans, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The decrease in the amount of performing TDRs in the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects pay downs and payoffs.

Other real estate and repossessed assets were essentially unchanged and totaled $1.3 million at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

We will place a loan that is 90 days or more past due on non-accrual, unless we believe the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Accordingly, we have determined that the collection of the accrued and unpaid interest on any loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest is probable.

The ratio of loan net charge-offs to average Portfolio Loans was 0.05% on an annualized basis in the first quarter of 2019 compared to a negative 0.03% (as a result of net recoveries) in the first quarter of 2018.  This year-over-year change was primarily due to a decline in recoveries on previously charged-off commercial loans.

Allowance for loan losses

Three months ended
March 31,
2019
2018
Loans
Unfunded
Commitments
Loans
Unfunded
Commitments
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
$
24,888
$
1,296
$
22,587
$
1,125
Additions (deductions)
Provision for loan losses
664
-
315
-
Recoveries credited to allowance
568
-
1,014
-
Loans charged against the allowance
(866
)
-
(845
)
-
Additions included in non-interest expense
-
160
-
(114
)
Balance at end of period
$
25,254
$
1,456
$
23,071
$
1,011
Net loans charged against the allowance to average Portfolio Loans
0.05
%
(0.03
)%

Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses

March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(In thousands)
Specific allocations
$
6,686
$
6,310
Other adversely rated commercial loans
2,095
1,861
Historical loss allocations
8,400
7,792
Additional allocations based on subjective factors
8,073
8,925
Total
$
25,254
$
24,888

Some loans will not be repaid in full. Therefore, an allowance for loan losses (“AFLL”) is maintained at a level which represents our best estimate of losses incurred. In determining the AFLL and the related provision for loan losses, we consider four principal elements: (i) specific allocations based upon probable losses identified during the review of the loan portfolio, (ii) allocations established for other adversely rated commercial loans, (iii) allocations based principally on historical loan loss experience, and (iv) additional allowances based on subjective factors, including local and general economic business factors and trends, portfolio concentrations and changes in the size and/or the general terms of the loan portfolios.

The first AFLL element (specific allocations) reflects our estimate of probable incurred losses based upon our systematic review of specific loans. These estimates are based upon a number of factors, such as payment history, financial condition of the borrower, discounted collateral exposure and discounted cash flow analysis. Impaired commercial, mortgage and installment loans are allocated AFLL amounts using this first element. The second AFLL element (other adversely rated commercial loans) reflects the application of our commercial loan rating system. This rating system is similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulators. Commercial loans that are rated below a certain predetermined classification are assigned a loss allocation factor for each loan classification category that is based upon a historical analysis of both the probability of default and the expected loss rate (“loss given default”). The lower the rating assigned to a loan or category, the greater the allocation percentage that is applied. The third AFLL element (historical loss allocations) is determined by assigning allocations to higher rated (“non-watch credit”) commercial loans using a probability of default and loss given default similar to the second AFLL element and to homogenous mortgage and installment loan groups based upon borrower credit score and portfolio segment.  For homogenous mortgage and installment loans a probability of default for each homogenous pool is calculated by way of credit score migration.  Historical loss data for each homogenous pool coupled with the associated probability of default is utilized to calculate an expected loss allocation rate.  The fourth AFLL element (additional allocations based on subjective factors) is based on factors that cannot be associated with a specific credit or loan category and reflects our attempt to ensure that the overall AFLL appropriately reflects a margin for the imprecision necessarily inherent in the estimates of expected credit losses. We consider a number of subjective factors when determining this fourth element, including local and general economic business factors and trends, portfolio concentrations and changes in the size, mix and the general terms of the overall loan portfolio.

Increases in the AFLL are recorded by a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Although we periodically allocate portions of the AFLL to specific loans and loan portfolios, the entire AFLL is available for incurred losses. We generally charge-off commercial, homogenous residential mortgage and installment loans when they are deemed uncollectible or reach a predetermined number of days past due based on product, industry practice and other factors. Collection efforts may continue and recoveries may occur after a loan is charged against the AFLL.

While we use relevant information to recognize losses on loans, additional provisions for related losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, customer circumstances and other credit risk factors.

The AFLL increased $0.4 million to $25.3 million at March 31, 2019 from $24.9 million at December 31, 2018 and was equal to 0.96% of total Portfolio Loans at both March 31, 2019 and at December 31, 2018.

During the first quarter of 2019, we deployed a third-party software solution (we previously used spreadsheet software) to assist in the determination of our AFLL.  This new third-party software will also assist us in moving to the expected loss framework that is required to be implemented on January 1, 2020.  Although the use of this new third-party software did not have any material impact on our overall AFLL, it did result in some classification shifts from the AFLL related to subjective factors into the AFLL related to historical losses as the new software model allowed us to capture longer historical look-back periods (previously this was being captured in the subjective portion of the AFLL) and from the AFLL related to historical losses into the AFLL for specific loans.

Three of the four components of the AFLL outlined above increased in the first quarter of 2019. The AFLL related to specific loans increased $0.4 million in 2019 due primarily to a slight shift from the historical to the specific loan component of the AFLL as described above.  The AFLL related to other adversely rated commercial loans increased $0.2 million in 2019 primarily due to an increase in the balance of such loans included in this component to $47.0 million at March 31, 2019 from $44.7 million at December 31, 2018 and $35.3 million at March 31, 2018.  The AFLL related to historical losses increased $0.6 million during 2019, and the AFLL related to subjective factors decreased $0.9 million during 2019.

Three of the four components of the AFLL for loan losses outlined above also increased in the first quarter of 2018. The AFLL related to specific loans decreased $0.5 million during the first quarter of 2018 due primarily to a decline in the balance of individually impaired loans and lower loss given default rates as well as charge-offs.  The AFLL related to other adversely rated commercial loans increased $0.6 million during the first quarter of 2018 primarily due to an increase in the balance of such loans included in this component to $35.3 million at March 31, 2018 from $27.2 million at December 31, 2017.  The AFLL related to historical losses increased $0.1 million during the first quarter of 2018 due principally to loan growth.  The AFLL related to subjective factors increased $0.2 million during the first quarter of 2018 primarily due to loan growth.

Deposits and borrowings. Historically, the loyalty of our customer base has allowed us to price deposits competitively, contributing to a net interest margin that compares favorably to our peers. However, we still face a significant amount of competition for deposits within many of the markets served by our branch network, which limits our ability to materially increase deposits without adversely impacting the weighted-average cost of core deposits.

To attract new core deposits, we have implemented various account acquisition strategies as well as branch staff sales training. Account acquisition initiatives have historically generated increases in customer relationships. Over the past several years, we have also expanded our treasury management products and services for commercial businesses and municipalities or other governmental units and have also increased our sales calling efforts in order to attract additional deposit relationships from these sectors. We view long-term core deposit growth as an important objective. Core deposits generally provide a more stable and lower cost source of funds than alternative sources such as short-term borrowings. (See “Liquidity and capital resources.”)

Deposits totaled $2.93 billion and $2.91 billion at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.  The $20.8 million increase in deposits in the first quarter of 2019 is primarily due to growth in savings and interest-bearing checking deposit account balances and in reciprocal deposits.  Reciprocal deposits totaled $267.2 million and $182.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.  These deposits represent demand, money market and time deposits from our customers that have been placed through Promontory Interfinancial Network’s Insured Cash Sweep ® service and Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service ® .  These services allow our customers to access multi-million dollar FDIC deposit insurance on deposit balances greater than the standard FDIC insurance maximum.

We cannot be sure that we will be able to maintain our current level of core deposits. In particular, those deposits that are uninsured may be susceptible to outflow. At March 31, 2019, we had approximately $565.9 million of uninsured deposits. A reduction in core deposits would likely increase our need to rely on wholesale funding sources.

We have also implemented strategies that incorporate using federal funds purchased, other borrowings and Brokered CDs to fund a portion of our interest-earning assets. The use of such alternate sources of funds supplements our core deposits and is also an integral part of our asset/liability management efforts.

Other borrowings, comprised primarily of advances from the FHLB, totaled $25.7 million at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

As described above, we utilize wholesale funding, including FHLB borrowings and Brokered CDs to augment our core deposits and fund a portion of our assets. At March 31, 2019, our use of such wholesale funding sources (including reciprocal deposits) amounted to approximately $505.0 million, or 17.1% of total funding (deposits and total borrowings, excluding subordinated debentures). Because wholesale funding sources are affected by general market conditions, the availability of such funding may be dependent on the confidence these sources have in our financial condition and operations. The continued availability to us of these funding sources is not certain, and Brokered CDs may be difficult for us to retain or replace at attractive rates as they mature. Our liquidity may be constrained if we are unable to renew our wholesale funding sources or if adequate financing is not available in the future at acceptable rates of interest or at all.  Our financial performance could also be affected if we are unable to maintain our access to funding sources or if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources. In such case, our net interest income and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We historically employed derivative financial instruments to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates.  During the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, we entered into $8.4 million and $11.3 million (aggregate notional amounts), respectively, of interest rate swaps with commercial loan customers, which were offset with interest rate swaps that the Bank entered into with a broker-dealer. We recorded $0.07 million and $0.10 million of fee income related to these transactions during the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. See note #6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for more information on our derivative financial instruments.

Liquidity and capital resources. Liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to timely meet obligations as they come due at a reasonable funding cost or without incurring unacceptable losses. Our liquidity management involves the measurement and monitoring of a variety of sources and uses of funds. Our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows categorize these sources and uses into operating, investing and financing activities. We primarily focus our liquidity management on maintaining adequate levels of liquid assets (primarily funds on deposit with the FRB and certain securities available for sale) as well as developing access to a variety of borrowing sources to supplement our deposit gathering activities and provide funds for purchasing securities available for sale or originating Portfolio Loans as well as to be able to respond to unforeseen liquidity needs.

Our primary sources of funds include our deposit base, secured advances from the FHLB, federal funds purchased borrowing facilities with other banks, and access to the capital markets (for Brokered CDs).

At March 31, 2019, we had $511.1 million of time deposits that mature in the next 12 months. Historically, a majority of these maturing time deposits are renewed by our customers. Additionally, $2.28 billion of our deposits at March 31, 2019, were in account types from which the customer could withdraw the funds on demand. Changes in the balances of deposits that can be withdrawn upon demand are usually predictable and the total balances of these accounts have generally grown or have been stable over time as a result of our marketing and promotional activities. However, there can be no assurance that historical patterns of renewing time deposits or overall growth or stability in deposits will continue in the future.

We have developed contingency funding plans that stress test our liquidity needs that may arise from certain events such as an adverse change in our financial metrics (for example, credit quality or regulatory capital ratios). Our liquidity management also includes periodic monitoring that measures quick assets (defined generally as highly liquid or short-term assets) to total assets, short-term liability dependence and basic surplus (defined as quick assets less volatile liabilities to total assets). Policy limits have been established for our various liquidity measurements and are monitored on a quarterly basis. In addition, we also prepare cash flow forecasts that include a variety of different scenarios.

We believe that we currently have adequate liquidity at our Bank because of our cash and cash equivalents, our portfolio of securities available for sale, our access to secured advances from the FHLB and our ability to issue Brokered CDs.

We also believe that the available cash on hand at the parent company (including time deposits) of approximately $32.0 million as of March 31, 2019 provides sufficient liquidity resources at the parent company to meet operating expenses, to make interest payments on the subordinated debentures, and to pay projected cash dividends on our common stock.

Effective management of capital resources is critical to our mission to create value for our shareholders. In addition to common stock, our capital structure also currently includes cumulative trust preferred securities.

Capitalization

March 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(In thousands)
Subordinated debentures
$
39,405
$
39,388
Amount not qualifying as regulatory capital
(1,224
)
(1,224
)
Amount qualifying as regulatory capital
38,181
38,164
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock
374,678
377,372
Accumulated deficit
(23,135
)
(28,270
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(6,817
)
(10,108
)
Total shareholders’ equity
344,726
338,994
Total capitalization
$
382,907
$
377,158

We currently have four special purpose entities with $39.4 million of outstanding cumulative trust preferred securities.  These special purpose entities issued common securities and provided cash to our parent company that in turn issued subordinated debentures to these special purpose entities equal to the trust preferred securities and common securities. The subordinated debentures represent the sole asset of the special purpose entities. The common securities and subordinated debentures are included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The FRB has issued rules regarding trust preferred securities as a component of the Tier 1 capital of bank holding companies. The aggregate amount of trust preferred securities (and certain other capital elements) are limited to 25 percent of Tier 1 capital elements, net of goodwill (net of any associated deferred tax liability). The amount of trust preferred securities and certain other elements in excess of the limit can be included in Tier 2 capital, subject to restrictions. At the parent company, all of these securities qualified as Tier 1 capital at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Although the Dodd-Frank Act further limited Tier 1 treatment for trust preferred securities, those new limits did not apply to our outstanding trust preferred securities.  Further, the New Capital Rules grandfathered the treatment of our trust preferred securities as qualifying regulatory capital.

Common shareholders’ equity increased to $344.7 million at March 31, 2019, from $339.0 million at December 31, 2018, due primarily to our net income and a decrease in our accumulated other comprehensive loss that were partially offset by share repurchases and by a cash dividend. Our tangible common equity (“TCE”) totaled $310.3 million and $304.3 million, respectively, at those same dates. Our ratio of TCE to tangible assets was 9.26% and 9.17% at March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively.  TCE and the ratio of TCE to tangible assets are non-GAAP measures.  TCE represents total common equity less intangible assets.

In January 2019, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase plan.  Under the terms of the 2019 share repurchase plan, we are authorized to buy back up to 5% of our outstanding common stock. This repurchase plan is authorized to last through December 31, 2019.  We repurchased 115,787 shares during the first quarter of 2019 at a weighted average price of $21.85 per share.

We pay a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock.  These dividends totaled $0.18 per share and $0.15 per share in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively.    We generally favor a dividend payout ratio between 30% and 50% of net income.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our Bank (and holding company) continued to meet the requirements to be considered “well-capitalized” under federal regulatory standards (also see note #10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report).

Asset/liability management. Interest-rate risk is created by differences in the cash flow characteristics of our assets and liabilities. Options embedded in certain financial instruments, including caps on adjustable-rate loans as well as borrowers’ rights to prepay fixed-rate loans, also create interest-rate risk.

Our asset/liability management efforts identify and evaluate opportunities to structure our assets and liabilities in a manner that is consistent with our mission to maintain profitable financial leverage within established risk parameters. We evaluate various opportunities and alternate asset/liability management strategies carefully and consider the likely impact on our risk profile as well as the anticipated contribution to earnings. The marginal cost of funds is a principal consideration in the implementation of our asset/liability management strategies, but such evaluations further consider interest-rate and liquidity risk as well as other pertinent factors. We have established parameters for interest-rate risk. We regularly monitor our interest-rate risk and report at least quarterly to our board of directors.

We employ simulation analyses to monitor our interest-rate risk profile and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income and market value of portfolio equity that result from changes in interest rates. The purpose of these simulations is to identify sources of interest-rate risk. The simulations do not anticipate any actions that we might initiate in response to changes in interest rates and, accordingly, the simulations do not provide a reliable forecast of anticipated results. The simulations are predicated on immediate, permanent and parallel shifts in interest rates and generally assume that current loan and deposit pricing relationships remain constant. The simulations further incorporate assumptions relating to changes in customer behavior, including changes in prepayment rates on certain assets and liabilities.

CHANGES IN MARKET VALUE OF PORTFOLIO EQUITY AND NET INTEREST INCOME

Change in Interest Rates
Market
Value of
Portfolio
Equity(1)
Percent
Change
Net
Interest
Income(2)
Percent
Change
(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2019
200 basis point rise
$
466,000
(4.59
)%
$
124,800
2.89
%
100 basis point rise
482,600
(1.19
)
123,600
1.90
Base-rate scenario
488,400
-
121,300
-
100 basis point decline
469,200
(3.93
)
119,100
(1.81
)
December 31, 2018
200 basis point rise
$
481,100
(3.37
)%
$
126,200
3.27
%
100 basis point rise
495,400
(0.50
)
124,800
2.13
Base-rate scenario
497,900
-
122,200
-
100 basis point decline
482,800
(3.03
)
119,600
(2.13
)


(1)
Simulation analyses calculate the change in the net present value of our assets and liabilities, including debt and related financial derivative instruments, under parallel shifts in interest rates by discounting the estimated future cash flows using a market-based discount rate. Cash flow estimates incorporate anticipated changes in prepayment speeds and other embedded options.
(2)
Simulation analyses calculate the change in net interest income under immediate parallel shifts in interest rates over the next twelve months, based upon a static statement of financial condition, which includes debt and related financial derivative instruments, and do not consider loan fees.

Accounting standards update. See note #2  to  the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report for details on recently issued accounting pronouncements and their impact on our financial statements.

Fair valuation of financial instruments. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) topic 820 - “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“FASB ASC topic 820”) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

We utilize fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial instruments and to determine fair value disclosures. FASB ASC topic 820 differentiates between those assets and liabilities required to be carried at fair value at every reporting period (“recurring”) and those assets and liabilities that are only required to be adjusted to fair value under certain circumstances (“nonrecurring”). Certain equity securities (at December 31, 2018), securities available for sale, loans held for sale, derivatives and capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other financial assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. See note #11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for a complete discussion on our use of fair valuation of financial instruments and the related measurement techniques.

Litigation Matters

The aggregate amount we have accrued for losses we consider probable as a result of litigation matters is immaterial. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of outcomes from any litigation matter, we believe it is reasonably possible we may incur losses in addition to the amounts we have accrued.  At this time, we estimate the maximum amount of additional losses that are reasonably possible is insignificant.  However, because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages, this maximum amount may change in the future.

The litigation matters described in the preceding paragraph primarily include claims that have been brought against us for damages, but do not include litigation matters where we seek to collect amounts owed to us by third parties (such as litigation initiated to collect delinquent loans). These excluded, collection-related matters may involve claims or counterclaims by the opposing party or parties, but we have excluded such matters from the disclosure contained in the preceding paragraph in all cases where we believe the possibility of us paying damages to any opposing party is remote. Risks associated with the likelihood that we will not collect the full amount owed to us, net of reserves, are disclosed elsewhere in this report.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and conform to general practices within the banking industry. Accounting and reporting policies for the AFLL and capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are deemed critical since they involve the use of estimates and require significant management judgments. Application of assumptions different than those that we have used could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or results of operations.  There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

See applicable disclosures set forth in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 2 under the caption “Asset/liability management.”

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

(a)
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

With the participation of management, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e)) for the period ended March 31, 2019, have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

(b)
Changes in Internal Controls.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II

Item 1A.
Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The Company maintains a Deferred Compensation and Stock Purchase Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the “Plan”) pursuant to which non-employee directors can elect to receive shares of the Company’s common stock in lieu of fees otherwise payable to the director for his or her service as a director.  A director can elect to receive shares on a current basis or to defer receipt of the shares, in which case the shares are issued to a trust to be held for the account of the director and then generally distributed to the director after his or her retirement from the Board.  Pursuant to this Plan, during the first quarter of 2019, the Company issued 712 shares of common stock to non-employee directors on a current basis and 1,833 shares of common stock to the trust for distribution to directors on a deferred basis.  The shares were issued on January 2, 2019, at a price of $21.02 per share, representing aggregate fees of $0.05 million.  The price per share was the consolidated closing bid price per share of the Company’s common stock as of the date of issuance, as determined in accordance with NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.  The Company issued the shares pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 due to the fact that the issuance of the shares was made on a private basis pursuant to the Plan.

The following table shows certain information relating to repurchases of common stock for the three-months ended March 31, 2019:

Period
Total Number of
Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price
Paid Per Share
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of a
Publicly
Announced Plan
Remaining
Number of
Shares Authorized
for Purchase
Under the Plan
January 2019
93,659
$
22.07
53,214
1,125,772
February 2019
57,075
22.86
6,373
1,119,399
March 2019
56,200
21.98
56,200
1,063,199
Total
206,934
$
22.26
115,787
1,063,199

(1)
January and February include 40,445 shares and 15,841 shares, respectively, withheld from the shares that would otherwise have been issued to certain officers in order to satisfy tax withholding obligations resulting from the vesting of restricted stock as well as satisfy tax withholding obligations and stock option exercise price resulting from the exercise of stock options . February also includes 34,861 shares of our common stock purchased in the open market by the Independent Bank Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Trust as part of our employee stock ownership plan.

Item 6.
Exhibits

(a)
The following exhibits (listed by number corresponding to the Exhibit Table as Item 601 in Regulation S-K) are filed with this report:
Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation and Stock Purchase Plan for Nonemployee Directors, effective March 19, 2019 .*
Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
101.INS Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Represents a compensation plan.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date
May 3, 2019
By
/s/ Robert N. Shuster
Robert N. Shuster, Principal Financial Officer
Date
May 3, 2019
By
/s/ James J. Twarozynski
James J. Twarozynski, Principal Accounting Officer


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