IDCC 10-Q Quarterly Report March 31, 2019

INTERDIGITAL, INC.

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10-Q 1 idcc-q133119.htm 10-Q - 3.31.2019 Document

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q



þ		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
		For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019



o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
		For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 1-33579

INTERDIGITAL, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)



PENNSYLVANIA (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		82-4936666 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

200 Bellevue Parkway, Suite 300, Wilmington, DE 19809-3727

(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)

(302) 281-3600

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	IDCC	NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer R	Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Table of Contents



Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	31,723,827
Title of Class	Outstanding at April 29, 2019

INDEX




	PAGES
Part I — Financial Information:
Item 1 Financial Statements (unaudited):	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income — Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity — Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	34
Item 4 Controls and Procedures	34
Part II — Other Information:
Item 1 Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A Risk Factors	35
Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	35
Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures
Item 6 Exhibits	36
SIGNATURES	37
EX-31.1
EX-31.2
EX-32.1
EX-32.2
EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT
EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT
EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

InterDigital ^® is a registered trademark of InterDigital, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks and/or trade names appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective holders.

Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)



	MARCH 31, 2019			DECEMBER 31, 2018
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	503,240		$	475,056
Short-term investments	289,805			470,724
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $537 and $693	33,322			35,032
Prepaid and other current assets	49,579			43,438
Total current assets	875,946			1,024,250
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET	10,581			10,051
PATENTS, NET	446,716			454,567
DEFERRED TAX ASSETS	79,766			77,225
OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS	66,742			60,465
	603,805			602,308
TOTAL ASSETS	$	1,479,751		$	1,626,558

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	302,514		$	—
Accounts payable	22,875			19,367
Accrued compensation and related expenses	15,649			26,838
Deferred revenue	84,816			111,672
Taxes payable	7			1,508
Dividends payable	11,195			11,627
Other accrued expenses	11,097			8,383
Total current liabilities	448,153			179,395
LONG-TERM DEBT	19,061			317,377
LONG-TERM DEFERRED REVENUE	138,567			157,634
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES	48,457			34,139
TOTAL LIABILITIES	654,238			688,545
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred Stock, $0.10 par value, 14,399 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 71,250 and 71,134 shares issued and 32,060 and 33,529 shares outstanding	712			711
Additional paid-in capital	683,615			685,512
Retained earnings	1,421,884			1,435,970
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,426		)	(2,471		)
	2,104,785			2,119,722
Treasury stock, 39,190 and 37,605 shares of common held at cost	1,291,979			1,182,993
Total InterDigital, Inc. shareholders’ equity	812,806			936,729
Noncontrolling interest	12,707			1,284
Total equity	825,513			938,013
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	1,479,751		$	1,626,558

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)



	FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31,
	2019			2018
REVENUES:
Patent licensing royalties	$	66,378		$	87,098
Technology solutions	2,028			346
Patent sales	225			—
	68,631			87,444

OPERATING EXPENSES:
Patent administration and licensing	36,071			26,916
Development	18,495			16,174
Selling, general and administrative	14,215			14,204
	68,781			57,294

Income (loss) from operations	(150		)	30,150

OTHER EXPENSE (NET)	(5,863		)	(6,336		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	(6,013		)	23,814
INCOME TAX BENEFIT	1,799			4,915
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	(4,214	)	$	28,729
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(1,411		)	(1,501		)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO INTERDIGITAL, INC.	$	(2,803	)	$	30,230
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE — BASIC	$	(0.09	)	$	0.87
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING — BASIC	32,611			34,641
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE — DILUTED	$	(0.09	)	$	0.85
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING — DILUTED	32,611			35,606

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Table of Contents

INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

(unaudited)



	FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31,
	2019			2018
Net income (loss)	$	(4,214	)	$	28,729
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax	1,045			(1,747		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(3,169	)	$	26,982
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(1,411		)	(1,501		)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to InterDigital, Inc.	$	(1,758	)	$	28,483

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)



										Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings						Treasury Stock				Non-Controlling Interest			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings						Shares	Amount			Non-Controlling Interest			Total Shareholders' Equity
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2017	70,749	$	707	$	680,040		$	1,257,632		$	(2,083	)	36,127	$	(1,072,488	)	$	9,340		$	873,148
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle	—	—		—			161,701			(449		)	—	—			—			161,252
Net income attributable to InterDigital, Inc.	—	—		—			30,230			—			—	—			—			30,230
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—			—			—			—	—			(1,501		)	(1,501		)
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments	—	—		—			—			(1,747		)	—	—			—			(1,747		)
Dividends declared ($0.35 per share)	—	—		115			(12,280		)	—			—	—			—			(12,165		)
Issuance of common stock, net	208	2		(8,279		)	—			—			—	—			—			(8,277		)
Amortization of unearned compensation	—	—		816			—			—			—	—			—			816
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—			—			—			84	(6,024		)	—			(6,024		)
BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2018	70,957	$	709	$	672,692		$	1,437,283		$	(4,279	)	36,211	$	(1,078,512	)	$	7,839		$	1,035,732

BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2018	71,134	$	711	$	685,512		$	1,435,970		$	(2,471	)	37,605	$	(1,182,993	)	$	1,284		$	938,013
Net loss attributable to InterDigital, Inc.	—	—		—			(2,803		)	—			—	—			—			(2,803		)
Proceeds from and increases in noncontrolling interests	—	—		—			—			—			—	—			12,834			12,834
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—			—			—			—	—			(1,411		)	(1,411		)
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments	—	—		—			—			1,045			—	—			—			1,045
Dividends declared ($0.35 per share)	—	—		103			(11,283		)	—			—	—			—			(11,180		)
Exercise of common stock options	—	—		2			—			—			—	—			—			2
Issuance of common stock, net	116	1		(4,098		)	—			—			—	—			—			(4,097		)
Amortization of unearned compensation	—	—		2,096			—			—			—	—			—			2,096
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—			—			—			1,585	(108,986		)	—			(108,986		)
BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2019	71,250	$	712	$	683,615		$	1,421,884		$	(1,426	)	39,190	$	(1,291,979	)	$	12,707		$	825,513

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Table of Contents

INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)



	FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31,
	2019			2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	(4,214	)	$	28,729
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	18,514			14,699
Non-cash interest expense, net	4,082			3,380
Non-cash change in fair-value	710			—
Change in deferred revenue	(43,423		)	(45,292		)
Deferred income taxes	(2,801		)	(5,551		)
Share-based compensation	2,096			816
Other	624			(4		)
(Increase) decrease in assets:
Receivables	1,725			24,396
Deferred charges and other assets	642			(9,100		)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Accounts payable	6,169			1,083
Accrued compensation and other expenses	(13,404		)	(7,781		)
Accrued taxes payable and other tax contingencies	(1,501		)	(5,970		)
Net cash used in operating activities	(30,781		)	(595		)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of short-term investments	(707		)	(94,134		)
Sales of short-term investments	183,809			118,336
Purchases of property and equipment	(1,584		)	(399		)
Capitalized patent costs	(8,481		)	(8,035		)
Long-term investments	—			(4,250		)
Net cash provided by investing activities	173,037			11,518
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options	2			—
Proceeds from non-controlling interests	10,333			—
Dividends paid	(11,629		)	(12,155		)
Taxes withheld upon restricted stock unit vestings	(4,097		)	(8,277		)
Repurchase of common stock	(108,986		)	(6,024		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(114,377		)	(26,456		)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	27,879			(15,533		)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD	488,733			433,014
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD	$	516,612		$	417,481
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Interest paid	2,370			2,370
Income taxes paid, including foreign withholding taxes	3,196			8,053
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Dividend payable	11,195			12,164
Increases in noncontrolling interests	2,500			—
Accrued capitalized patent costs, acquisition of patents and property and equipment	(1,056		)	(2,286		)

Refer to Note 2, " Leases " for information regarding the impact of our adoption of the new leases accounting standard, ASC 842, and Note 8, " Cash, Concentration of Credit Risk, and Fair Value of Financial Instruments " for a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Table of Contents

INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited, condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the financial position of InterDigital, Inc. (individually and/or collectively with its subsidiaries referred to as “InterDigital,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our,” unless otherwise indicated) as of March 31, 2019 , and the results of our operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The accompanying unaudited, condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q and, accordingly, do not include all of the detailed schedules, information and notes necessary to state fairly the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for year-end financial statements. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 (our “ 2018 Form 10-K ”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 21, 2019. Definitions of capitalized terms not defined herein appear within our 2018 Form 10-K. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year. We have one reportable segment.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Change in Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes or updates to our existing accounting policies from the disclosures included in our 2018 Form 10-K , except as indicated in Note 2, " Leases ".

Prior Periods' Financial Statement Revision

In connection with the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2019, it was identified that we incorrectly attributed tax benefit to the net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest in our presentation of noncontrolling interest.

We assessed the materiality of this misstatement on prior periods’ financial statements in accordance with ASC Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections , (“ASC 250”) and concluded it was not material to any prior annual or interim periods. In accordance with ASC 250, we have corrected our presentation of noncontrolling interest for all prior periods presented in this Form 10-Q by revising the condensed consolidated financial statements and other consolidated financial information included herein. We will continue to present the prior periods on this revised basis to the extent we present such prior periods in future filings. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the revision.

New Accounting Guidance

Accounting Standards Update: Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, " Leases (Topic 842) ", which outlines a comprehensive change to the lease accounting model and supersedes prior lease guidance. Refer to Note 2, " Leases ," for information regarding our adoption of this guidance effective January 1, 2019 and a discussion of the impact to information presented herein, as well as additional required disclosures under the new guidance.

Accounting Standards Update: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, " Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting ," which is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for share-based payments issued to nonemployees. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance in first quarter 2019 and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Update: Cloud Computing Arrangements

Table of Contents

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15 “ Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract ”. The amendments in this ASU align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of determining the effect the adoption will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Update: Collaborative Arrangements

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18, " Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction Between Topic 808 and Topic 606 ". The amendments in this ASU provide guidance on how to assess whether certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for within the revenue recognition standard. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted for entities who have previously adopted the new revenue recognition guidance. We are in the process of determining the effect the adoption will have on our consolidated financial statements.

2. LEASES

The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition effective date method. As part of that adoption, we have elected the package of three practical expedients, which includes the following: an entity may elect not to reassess whether expired or existing contracts contain a lease under the revised definition of a lease, an entity may elect not to reassess the lease classification for expired or existing leases, and an entity may elect not to reassess whether previously capitalized initial direct costs would qualify for capitalization. The Company has elected not to utilize the hindsight expedient in determining the lease term, and to not record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on our balance sheet. Additionally, the Company has elected to account for lease components and non-lease components as a single lease component for all asset classes. Lease expense is recognized over the expected term on a straight-line basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income or cash flows.

The Company enters into operating leases primarily for real estate to support research and development sites and general office space in North America, with additional locations in Europe and Asia. The Company does not currently have any finance leases. Certain of our leases include options to extend the lease at our discretion at the end of the lease term, or early terminate the lease subject to certain conditions and penalties. We do not include any renewal options in our lease terms for calculating our lease liabilities as the renewal options allow us to maintain operational flexibility and we are not reasonably certain we will exercise these options.

At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the specific facts and circumstances present. Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable, and, as such, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate based on information available at lease commencement date. Our incremental borrowing rate represents the rate we would incur to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. We utilized the incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019, our adoption date, for operating leases that commenced prior to that date. Upon our adoption of ASU 2016-02, the Company recorded the following operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019. Additionally, the table below includes the balances of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

Table of Contents



	Balance Sheet Classification	January 1, 2019		March 31, 2019
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	Other Non-current Assets	$	13,634	$	12,898
Total Lease Assets		$	13,634	$	12,898

Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities - Current	Other Accrued Expenses	$	3,519	$	3,382
Operating lease liabilities - Noncurrent	Other Long-Term Liabilities	13,652		12,915
Total Lease Liabilities		$	17,171	$	16,297

The components of lease costs which were included within operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of income were as follows (in thousands):



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019
Operating lease cost	$	1,009
Short-term lease cost	212
Variable lease cost	314

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, sublease income was insignificant. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $1.1 million and was included in net cash used in operating activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. As of March 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining operating lease term was 6.0 years and the weighted average discount rate used to determine the operating lease liabilities was 6.4% . The maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019 under ASC 842, excluding short-term leases with terms less than 12 months, were as follows (in thousands):



Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities	March 31, 2019
Remainder 2019	$	3,395
2020	3,311
2021	2,805
2022	2,839
2023	2,103
Thereafter	5,428
Total lease payments	$	19,881
Less: Imputed interest	(3,584		)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	16,297

The undiscounted maturities of our operating leases as of December 31, 2018 under ASC 840, including short-term leases with terms less than 12 months, were as follows (in thousands):



Maturity of Operating Leases	December 31, 2018
2019	$	5,362
2020	3,386
2021	2,883
2022	2,920
2023	2,184
Thereafter	5,582

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3. REVENUE

Disaggregated Revenue

The following table presents the disaggregation of our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018		Increase/(Decrease)
Variable patent royalty revenue	$	9,280		$	6,083	$	3,197		53	%
Fixed-fee royalty revenue	62,873			57,671		5,202			9	%
Current patent royalties ^a	72,153			63,754		8,399			13	%
Non-current patent royalties ^b	(5,775		)	23,344		(29,119		)	(125	)%
Total patent royalties	66,378			87,098		(20,720		)	(24	)%
Current technology solutions revenue ^a	2,028			346		1,682			486	%
Patent sales ^b	225			—		225			—	%
Total revenue	$	68,631		$	87,444	$	(18,813	)	(22	)%


a.	Recurring revenues are comprised of current patent royalties, inclusive of Dynamic Fixed-Fee Agreement royalties, and current technology solutions revenue.


b.	Non-recurring revenues are comprised of non-current patent royalties, which primarily include past patent royalties and royalties from static agreements, as well as patent sales.

During first quarter 2019 , we recognized $55.9 million of revenue that had been included in deferred revenue as of the beginning of the period. As of March 31, 2019 , we had contract assets of $24.8 million and $1.3 million included within accounts receivable and other non-current assets, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, we had contract assets of $19.7 million and $5.5 million included within accounts receivable and other non-current assets, respectively.

Contracted Revenue

Based on contracts signed and committed Dynamic Fixed-Fee Agreement payments as of March 31, 2019 , we expect to recognize the following amounts of revenue over the term of such contracts (in thousands):



	Revenue
Remainder 2019	$	189,375
2020	248,250
2021	178,583
2022	85,228
2023	—

4. INCOME TAXES

In first quarter 2019 , based on the statutory federal tax rate net of discrete federal and state taxes, we had an effective tax rate of 29.9% . This is compared to an effective tax rate benefit of 20.6% based on the statutory federal tax rate net of discrete federal and state taxes during first quarter 2018 . During first quarter 2018 , we recorded discrete benefits of $3.4 million related to excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation and our sale of a commercial initiative. The effective tax rate would have been a benefit of 6.3% not including these discrete benefits.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Reform Act") was signed into law. The Tax Reform Act imposes a 13.125% tax rate on income that qualifies as Foreign Derived Intangible Income ("FDII"). The reduction in benefit is primarily related to the differences in our FDII deduction between the periods. The difference in the FDII deduction between the periods was driven by the timing of income between book and tax mostly related to revenue recognition. On March 6, 2019, the IRS issued proposed regulations for FDII. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the proposed regulations and will record the impact, if any, as applicable.

The effective tax rate reported in any given year will continue to be influenced by a variety of factors, including timing differences between the recognition of book and tax revenue, the level of pre-tax income or loss, the foreign vs.

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domestic classification of the Company’s customers, and any discrete items that may occur. The Company further notes that its tax positions could be altered by pending IRS regulations that could clarify certain provisions of the Tax Reform Act.

During first quarter 2019 and 2018 , we paid approximately $3.1 million and $7.8 million , respectively, of foreign source withholding tax. Additionally, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we included less than $0.1 million and $1.5 million , respectively, of foreign source withholding tax within our taxes payable and deferred tax asset balances. These amounts are related to receivables from foreign licensees.

5. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic Earnings Per Share ("EPS") is calculated by dividing net income or loss available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if options or other securities with features that could result in the issuance of common stock were exercised or converted to common stock. The following tables reconcile the numerator and the denominator of the basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computation (in thousands, except for per share data):



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019						2018
	Basic			Diluted			Basic		Diluted
Numerator:
Net income (loss) applicable to InterDigital, Inc.	$	(2,803	)	$	(2,803	)	$	30,230	$	30,230
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding: Basic	32,611			32,611			34,641		34,641
Dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, convertible securities and warrants				—					965
Weighted-average shares outstanding: Diluted				32,611					35,606
Earnings Per Share:
Net income (loss) per common share: Basic	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.09	)	$	0.87	$	0.87
Dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, convertible securities and warrants				—					(0.02		)
Net income (loss) per common share: Diluted				$	(0.09	)			$	0.85

Certain shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise or conversion of certain securities have been excluded from our computation of EPS because the strike price or conversion rate, as applicable, of such securities was greater than the average market price of our common stock and, as a result, the effect of such exercise or conversion would have been anti-dilutive.

Set forth below are the securities and the weighted average number of shares of common stock underlying such securities that were excluded from our computation of EPS for the periods presented (in thousands). For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the effects of all potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS as a result of the net loss reported in the period.



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019	2018
Restricted stock units and stock options	402	25
Convertible securities	4,440	—
Warrants	4,440	4,403
Total	9,282	4,428

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Convertible Notes

During periods in which the average market price of the Company's common stock is above the applicable conversion price of the Company's 1.50% Senior Convertible Notes due 2020 (for purposes of this discussion, the "Convertible Notes") ( $71.17 per share as of March 31, 2019 ) or above the strike price of our outstanding warrants ( $86.99 per share as of March 31, 2019 ), the impact of conversion or exercise, as applicable, would be dilutive and such dilutive effect is reflected in diluted EPS. As a result, in periods where the average market price of the Company's common stock is above the conversion price or strike price, as applicable, under the treasury stock method, the Company calculates the number of shares issuable under the terms of the Convertible Notes and the warrants based on the average market price of the stock during the period, and includes that number in the total diluted shares outstanding for the period. See Note 9, " Long-Term Debt ," for additional information about the Convertible Notes and warrants.

6. LITIGATION AND LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

ARBITRATIONS AND COURT PROCEEDINGS (OTHER THAN DE DISTRICT COURT ACTIONS RELATED TO USITC PROCEEDINGS)

Asustek Actions

On April 15, 2015, Asustek Computer Incorporated (“Asus”) filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (the “CA Northern District Court”) against InterDigital, Inc., and its subsidiaries InterDigital Communications, Inc., InterDigital Technology Corporation, IPR Licensing, Inc., and InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc. The complaint asserted the following causes of action: violation of Section Two of the Sherman Act, violation of Section 17200 of the California Business and Professions Code, breach of contract resulting from ongoing negotiations, breach of contract leading to and resulting in the parties’ April 2008 patent license agreement (the “2008 Asus PLA”), promissory estoppel, waiver, and fraudulent inducement to contract. Among other allegations, Asus alleged that InterDigital breached its commitment to be prepared to grant licenses to its standards-essential patents on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (“FRAND”) terms and conditions. As relief, Asus sought a judgment that the 2008 Asus PLA is void or unenforceable, damages in the amount of excess royalties Asus paid under the 2008 Asus PLA plus interest, a judgment setting the proper FRAND terms and conditions for InterDigital’s patent portfolio, an order requiring InterDigital to grant Asus a license on FRAND terms and conditions, and punitive damages and other relief.

In response, on May 30, 2015, InterDigital filed an Arbitration Demand with the ICDR. InterDigital claimed that Asus breached the 2008 Asus PLA’s dispute resolution provision by filing its CA Northern District Court lawsuit and sought declaratory relief that it is not liable for any of the claims in Asus’s complaint. On June 2, 2015, InterDigital filed in the CA Northern District Court a motion to compel arbitration on each of Asus’s claims. On August 25, 2015, the court granted InterDigital’s motion for all of Asus’s claims except its claim for breach of contract resulting from ongoing negotiations. Aside from this claim, the court ruled that the issue of arbitrability should be decided by an arbitrator, and stayed the proceedings pending that determination.

Asus asserted counterclaims in the arbitration that mirrored its CA Northern District Court claims, except that it did not assert the breach of contract claim that the court determined was not arbitrable and it added a claim of violation of the Delaware Consumer Fraud Act. Asus also contended that its counterclaims were not arbitrable. InterDigital added a claim for breach of the 2008 Asus PLA’s confidentiality provision.

On July 14, 2016, Asus filed a motion to lift the stay in the CA Northern District Court proceeding along with a notice of the arbitral tribunal’s decision on arbitrability, informing the court of the arbitrators’ decision that, other than InterDigital’s breach of contract claims and Asus’s fraudulent inducement claim, no other claim or counterclaim was arbitrable. Asus then filed in the CA Northern District Court an amended complaint on August 18, 2016. This amended complaint included all of the claims in Asus’s first CA Northern District Court complaint except fraudulent inducement and added a claim of violation of the Delaware Consumer Fraud Act. It sought the same relief as its first CA Northern District Court complaint, but also sought a ruling that each of InterDigital’s patents “declared [to standards-setting organizations] to be essential or potentially essential” be unenforceable and any contracts InterDigital entered into in furtherance of its unlawful conduct be void. On September 8, 2016, InterDigital filed its answer and counterclaims to Asus’s amended complaint. It denied Asus’s claims and filed a counterclaim for declaratory judgment that Asus’s tort claims were invalid or preempted as applied under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the Patent Clause of the U.S. Constitution, and Title 35 of the U.S. Code. On September 28, 2016, Asus answered and denied InterDigital’s counterclaims.

With respect to its arbitration counterclaim for fraudulent inducement, Asus stated in its pleadings that it was seeking return of excess royalties (which totaled close to $63 million as of the August 2016 date referenced in the pleadings and had increased with additional royalty payments made by Asus since such time), plus interest, costs and attorneys’ fees. The

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evidentiary hearing in the arbitration was held in January 2017, and the parties presented oral closing arguments on March 22, 2017. On August 2, 2017, the arbitral tribunal issued its Final Award. The tribunal fully rejected Asus’s counterclaim, finding that InterDigital did not fraudulently induce Asus to enter into the 2008 Asus PLA. Accordingly, the tribunal dismissed Asus’s fraudulent inducement counterclaim in its entirety. The tribunal also dismissed InterDigital’s claims that Asus breached the confidentiality provisions and the dispute resolution provisions of the 2008 Asus PLA. On October 20, 2017, InterDigital and Asus jointly moved to confirm both the tribunal’s Final Award and the Interim Award on Jurisdiction in the CA Northern District. The court confirmed both awards on October 25, 2017.

On April 16, 2018, InterDigital filed a motion in the CA Northern District Court proceeding for leave to amend its counterclaims to include a claim of intentional interference with contract. On June 12, 2018, the court denied this motion.

On April 17, 2018, the parties served opening expert reports in the CA Northern District Court proceeding. Asus’s damages expert contended that Asus was owed damages in the amount of $75.9 million based on its claims that InterDigital charged royalties inconsistent with its FRAND commitments. Those damages, which represented a substantial portion of the royalties paid by Asus through third quarter 2017, did not reflect Asus’s most recent royalty payments. Asus also sought interest, costs and attorneys’ fees, as well as, in connection with its Sherman Act claim, treble damages.

On August 16, 2018, the parties filed motions for summary judgment in the CA Northern District Court proceeding. The parties filed oppositions on September 13, 2018 and replies on September 27, 2018, and the court held an oral argument on October 11, 2018.

On December 20, 2018, the CA Northern District Court issued an order on the parties’ motions for summary judgment. InterDigital’s motion was granted in part and denied in part, and Asus’s motion was denied in its entirety. The court: (1) granted summary judgment that Asus was judicially estopped from arguing that the 2008 Asus PLA is not FRAND compliant in light of Asus’s prior inconsistent positions; (2) denied to the extent ruled on by the court InterDigital’s motion that issue preclusion prevented Asus from re-litigating issues decided in the arbitration; (3) granted summary judgment that Asus could not invalidate the 2008 Asus PLA on the theory that, even if FRAND when signed, the 2008 Asus PLA became non-FRAND thereafter; (4) denied InterDigital’s motion for summary judgment that Asus’s Sherman Act claim failed as a matter of law; and (5) granted summary judgment that Asus’s promissory estoppel and California UCL claims failed as a matter of law. In addition, the court denied Asus’s motion for summary judgment that, as a matter of law, InterDigital breached its contractual obligation to license its essential patents on FRAND terms and conditions by engaging in discriminatory licensing practices. As a result of the summary judgment order, Asus’ claims of breach of contract leading to and resulting in the 2008 Asus PLA, promissory estoppel, and California UCL claims were dismissed from the case. On December 21, 2018, the court referred the case to a magistrate judge for a settlement conference. The settlement conference was held on February 14, 2019, but a settlement was not reached at that time.

In light of the court's ruling that Asus was judicially estopped from arguing that the 2008 Asus PLA was not FRAND compliant, on March 11, 2019, Asus revised its damages calculations downward, and updated the calculations to include sales through 2018. Asus was seeking damages for what it called “4G capable products” in the amount of $58.3 million for sales through 2018. Any damages attributable to a violation of the Sherman Act would have been subject to mandatory trebling, as well as an award of reasonable attorneys’ fees.

On April 4, 2019, Asus informed the court that it would not be proceeding to trial on its waiver and Delaware Consumer Fraud Act claims. A jury trial on Asus’ remaining claims--violation of Section 2 of the Sherman Act and breach of contract resulting from ongoing negotiations--was scheduled to commence on May 6, 2019, in the CA Northern District Court.

On April 9, 2019, the parties participated in another court-mandated settlement conference. On April 12, 2019, certain subsidiaries of InterDigital entered into a Settlement Agreement and First Amendment to the Patent License Agreement with Asus (the “Asus Settlement Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the parties agreed to a multi-year amendment to the 2008 Asus PLA that added coverage for 4G technologies and amended certain other terms. The parties also agreed to dismiss all outstanding litigation and other proceedings among the parties, including, without limitation, the action in the CA Northern District Court described herein. The results of the settlement are reflected in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The terms and conditions of the Asus Settlement Agreement are confidential. The action in the CA Northern District Court was dismissed on April 15, 2019, and there are no further proceedings in this matter.

2019 Huawei China Proceeding

On January 3, 2019, InterDigital was notified that a civil complaint was filed on January 2, 2019, by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. and certain of its subsidiaries against InterDigital, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries in the Shenzhen

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Intermediate People’s Court. The complaint seeks a ruling that the InterDigital defendants have violated an obligation to license their patents that are essential to 3G, 4G and 5G wireless telecommunication standards on FRAND terms and conditions. The complaint also seeks a determination of the terms for licensing all of the InterDigital defendants’ Chinese patents that are essential to 3G, 4G and 5G wireless telecommunication standards to the Huawei plaintiffs for the plaintiffs’ wireless terminal unit products made and/or sold in China from 2019 to 2023. InterDigital’s patent license agreement with Huawei expired on December 31, 2018.

REGULATORY PROCEEDING

Investigation by National Development and Reform Commission of China

On September 23, 2013, counsel for InterDigital was informed by China’s National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”) that the NDRC had initiated a formal investigation into whether InterDigital has violated China’s Anti-Monopoly Law (“AML”) with respect to practices related to the licensing of InterDigital’s standards-essential patents to Chinese companies. Companies found to violate the AML may be subject to a cease and desist order, fines and disgorgement of any illegal gains. On March 3, 2014, the Company submitted to NDRC, pursuant to a procedure set out in the AML, a formal application for suspension of the investigation that included proposed commitments by the Company. On May 22, 2014, NDRC formally suspended its investigation of the Company based on the commitments proposed by the Company. The Company’s commitments with respect to the licensing of its patent portfolio for wireless mobile standards to Chinese manufacturers of cellular terminal units (“Chinese Manufacturers”) are as follows:

Whenever InterDigital engages with a Chinese Manufacturer to license InterDigital’s patent portfolio for 2G, 3G and 4G wireless mobile standards, InterDigital will offer such Chinese Manufacturer the option of taking a worldwide portfolio license of only its standards-essential wireless patents, and comply with F/RAND principles when negotiating and entering into such licensing agreements with Chinese Manufacturers.


2.	As part of its licensing offer, InterDigital will not require that a Chinese Manufacturer agree to a royalty-free, reciprocal cross-license of such Chinese Manufacturer's similarly categorized standards-essential wireless patents.

Prior to commencing any action against a Chinese Manufacturer in which InterDigital may seek exclusionary or injunctive relief for the infringement of any of its wireless standards-essential patents, InterDigital will offer such Chinese Manufacturer the option to enter into expedited binding arbitration under fair and reasonable procedures to resolve the royalty rate and other terms of a worldwide license under InterDigital's wireless standards-essential patents. If the Chinese Manufacturer accepts InterDigital's binding arbitration offer or otherwise enters into an agreement with InterDigital on a binding arbitration mechanism, InterDigital will, in accordance with the terms of the arbitration agreement and patent license agreement, refrain from seeking exclusionary or injunctive relief against such company.

The commitments contained in item 3 above will expire five years from the effective date of the suspension of the investigation, or May 22, 2019. With the consolidation of China’s anti-monopoly enforcement authorities into the State Administration for Market Regulation (“SAMR”) in April 2018, SAMR is now responsible for overseeing InterDigital’s commitments.

USITC PROCEEDINGS AND RELATED DELAWARE DISTRICT COURT PROCEEDINGS

2013 USITC Proceeding (337-TA-868) and Related ZTE Delaware District Court Proceeding

USITC Proceeding (337-TA-868)

On January 2, 2013, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries InterDigital Communications, Inc., InterDigital Technology Corporation, IPR Licensing, Inc. and InterDigital Holdings, Inc. filed a complaint with the United States International Trade Commission (the “USITC” or “Commission”) against Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung Electronics America, Inc. and Samsung Telecommunications America, LLC, Nokia Corporation and Nokia Inc., Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Huawei Device USA, Inc. and FutureWei Technologies, Inc. d/b/a Huawei Technologies (USA) and ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc. (collectively, the “337-TA-868 Respondents”), alleging violations of Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 in that they engaged in unfair trade practices by selling for importation into the United States, importing into the United States and/or selling after importation into the United States certain 3G and 4G wireless devices (including WCDMA-, cdma2000- and LTE-capable mobile phones, USB sticks, mobile hotspots, laptop computers and tablets and components of such devices) that infringe one or more of up to seven of InterDigital’s U.S. patents. The complaint also extended to certain WCDMA and cdma2000 devices incorporating Wi-Fi functionality. InterDigital’s complaint with the

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USITC sought an exclusion order that would bar from entry into the United States infringing 3G or 4G wireless devices (and components), including LTE devices, that are imported by or on behalf of the 337-TA-868 Respondents, and also sought a cease-and-desist order to bar further sales of infringing products that have already been imported into the United States. Certain of the asserted patents were also asserted against Nokia, Huawei and ZTE in earlier pending USITC proceedings (including the Nokia, Huawei and ZTE 2011 USITC Proceeding (337-TA-800) and the Nokia 2007 USITC Proceeding (337-TA-613), as set forth below) and therefore were not asserted against those 337-TA-868 Respondents in this investigation.

On December 23, 2013, InterDigital and Huawei reached a settlement agreement to enter into binding arbitration to resolve their global patent licensing disputes. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, InterDigital and Huawei moved to dismiss all litigation matters pending between the parties except for the now-resolved action filed by Huawei in China to set a FRAND rate for the licensing of InterDigital’s Chinese standards-essential patents. As a result, effective February 12, 2014, the Huawei Respondents were terminated from the 337-TA-868 investigation.

From February 10 to February 20, 2014, ALJ Essex presided over the evidentiary hearing in this investigation. The patents in issue in this investigation as of the hearing were U.S. Patent Nos. 7,190,966 (the “’966 patent”) and 7,286,847 (the “’847 patent”) asserted against ZTE and Samsung, and U.S. Patent No. 7,941,151 (the “’151 patent”) asserted against ZTE, Samsung and Nokia.

On June 3, 2014, InterDigital and Samsung filed a joint motion to terminate the investigation as to Samsung on the basis of settlement. The ALJ granted the joint motion by initial determination issued on June 9, 2014, and the USITC determined not to review the initial determination on June 30, 2014.

On June 13, 2014, the ALJ issued an Initial Determination (“ID”) in the 337-TA-868 investigation. In the ID, the ALJ found that no violation of Section 337 had occurred in connection with the importation of 3G/4G devices by ZTE or Nokia, on the basis that the accused devices do not infringe asserted claims 1-6, 8-9, 16-21 or 23-24 of the ’151 patent, claims 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, or 11 of the ’966 patent, or claims 3 or 5 of the ’847 patent. The ALJ also found that claim 16 of the ’151 patent was invalid as indefinite. Among other determinations, the ALJ further determined that InterDigital did not violate any FRAND obligations, a conclusion also reached by the ALJ in the 337-TA-800 investigation, and that Respondents have engaged in patent “hold out.”

On June 30, 2014, InterDigital filed a Petition for Review with the USITC seeking review and reversal of certain of the ALJ’s conclusions in the ID. On the same day, Respondents filed a Conditional Petition for Review urging alternative grounds for affirmance of the ID’s finding that Section 337 was not violated and a Conditional Petition for Review with respect to FRAND issues.

In June 2014, Microsoft Mobile Oy (“MMO”) was added as a respondent in the investigation.

On August 14, 2014, the Commission determined to review in part the June 13, 2014 ID but terminated the investigation with a finding of no violation.

On October 10, 2014, InterDigital filed a petition for review with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the “Federal Circuit”), appealing certain of the adverse determinations in the Commission’s August 8, 2014 final determination including those related to the ’966 and ’847 patents. On June 2, 2015, InterDigital moved to voluntarily dismiss the Federal Circuit appeal, because, even if it were to prevail, it did not believe there would be sufficient time following the court’s decision and mandate for the USITC to complete its proceedings on remand such that the accused products would be excluded before the ’966 and ’847 patents expire in June 2016. The court granted the motion and dismissed the appeal on June 18, 2015.

Related Delaware District Court Proceeding

On January 2, 2013, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries InterDigital Communications, Inc., InterDigital Technology Corporation, IPR Licensing, Inc. and InterDigital Holdings, Inc. filed four related district court actions in the Delaware District Court against the 337-TA-868 Respondents. The proceedings against Huawei, Samsung and Nokia were subsequently dismissed, as discussed below. The remaining complaint alleges that ZTE infringes the same patents with respect to the same products alleged in the complaint filed by InterDigital in USITC Proceeding (337-TA-868). The complaint seeks a permanent injunction and compensatory damages in an amount to be determined, as well as enhanced damages based on willful infringement, and recovery of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs.

On January 31, 2013, ZTE filed its answer and counterclaims to InterDigital’s Delaware District Court complaint; ZTE asserted counterclaims for breach of contract, equitable estoppel, waiver of right to enjoin and declarations that InterDigital has not offered ZTE licenses on FRAND terms, declarations seeking the determination of FRAND terms and

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declarations of noninfringement, invalidity and unenforceability. In addition to the declaratory relief specified in its counterclaims, ZTE seeks specific performance of InterDigital's purported contracts with ZTE and standards-setting organizations, appropriate damages in an amount to be determined at trial, reasonable attorneys’ fees and such other relief as the court may deem appropriate.

On March 21, 2013, pursuant to stipulation, the Delaware District Court granted InterDigital leave to file an amended complaint against ZTE to assert allegations of infringement of the ’244 patent. On March 22, 2013, ZTE filed its answer and counterclaims to InterDigital’s amended Delaware District Court complaint. On April 9, 2013, InterDigital filed a motion to dismiss ZTE’s counterclaims relating to its FRAND allegations. On July 12, 2013, the Delaware District Court held a hearing on InterDigital’s motion to dismiss. By order issued the same day, the Delaware District Court granted InterDigital’s motion, dismissing ZTE's counterclaims for equitable estoppel and waiver of the right to injunction or exclusionary relief with prejudice. It further dismissed the counterclaims for breach of contract and declaratory relief related to InterDigital’s FRAND commitments with leave to amend.

On August 6, 2013, ZTE filed its answer and amended counterclaims for breach of contract and for declaratory judgment seeking determination of FRAND terms. The counterclaims also continue to seek declarations of noninfringement, invalidity, and unenforceability. On August 30, 2013, InterDigital filed a motion to dismiss the declaratory judgment counterclaim relating to the request for determination of FRAND terms. On May 28, 2014, the court granted InterDigital’s motion and dismissed ZTE's FRAND-related declaratory judgment counterclaim, ruling that such declaratory judgment would serve no useful purpose.

On December 30, 2013, InterDigital and Huawei filed a stipulation of dismissal on account of the confidential settlement agreement and agreement to arbitrate their disputes in this action. On the same day, the Delaware District Court granted the stipulation of dismissal and dismissed the action against Huawei.

On February 11, 2014, the Delaware District Court judge entered an InterDigital, Nokia, and ZTE stipulated Amended Scheduling Order that bifurcated issues relating to damages, FRAND-related affirmative defenses, and any FRAND-related counterclaims.

On August 28, 2014, the court granted in part a motion by InterDigital for summary judgment that the asserted ’151 patent is not unenforceable by reason of inequitable conduct, holding that only one of the references forming the basis of defendants’ allegations would remain in issue, and granted a motion by InterDigital for summary judgment that the asserted claims of the ’966 and ’847 patents are not invalid for lack of enablement.

On August 5, 2014, InterDigital and Samsung filed a stipulation of dismissal in light of the parties’ settlement agreement. On the same day, the court granted the stipulation of dismissal and dismissed the action against Samsung with prejudice.

By order dated August 28, 2014, MMO was joined in the case against Nokia as a defendant.

The ZTE trial addressing infringement and validity of the ’966, ’847, ’244 and ’151 patents was held from October 20 to October 27, 2014. During the trial, the judge determined that further construction of certain claim language of the ’151 patent was required, and the judge decided to hold another trial as to ZTE's infringement of the ’151 patent at a later date. On October 28, 2014, the jury returned a unanimous verdict in favor of InterDigital, finding that the ’966, ’847 and ’244 patents are all valid and infringed by ZTE 3G and 4G cellular devices. The court issued formal judgment to this effect on October 29, 2014.

On November 26, 2014, ZTE filed a motion for judgment as a matter of law that the asserted claims of the ’966, ’847 and ’244 patents are not infringed and, in the alternative, for a new trial. InterDigital filed an opposition on December 15, 2014, and ZTE filed a reply on January 7, 2015.

The ZTE trial addressing infringement of the ’151 patent was held from April 20 to April 22, 2015. On April 22, 2015, the jury returned a verdict in favor of ZTE, finding that the ’151 patent is not infringed by ZTE 3G and 4G cellular devices.

On May 29, 2015, the court entered a new scheduling order for damages and FRAND-related issues, scheduling the ZTE trial related to damages and FRAND-related issues for October 2016.

On September 14, 2015, a panel of Administrative Law Judges of the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patent Trial and Appeal Board (the “PTAB”) issued a final written decision in two Inter Partes Review (“IPR”) cases concerning the ’244 patent. These IPR proceedings were commenced on petitions filed by ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc. and by Microsoft Corporation, respectively. Specifically, the panel determined that a number of claims of the ’244 patent

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are unpatentable as obvious. IPR Licensing, Inc. appealed to the Federal Circuit seeking review of the PTAB’s decision. Oral argument in the appeal was heard on April 7, 2017. On April 20, 2017, the Federal Circuit affirmed the PTAB’s decision that most of the challenged claims of the ’244 patent are unpatentable as obvious. However, the court vacated and remanded the PTAB’s obviousness finding as to claim 8, which returned the matter to the PTAB for further proceedings as to that claim. On July 28, 2017, IPR Licensing, Inc., filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court seeking to appeal the Federal Circuit decision, arguing that the petition should be held pending the Supreme Court’s decision in Oil States Energy Services, LLC v. Greene’s Energy Group, LLC , which would later determine whether the IPR process as a whole is unconstitutional. On October 2, 2017, ZTE filed a response to the petition for a writ of certiorari in which ZTE agreed that the petition should be held pending the Court’s decision in Oil States and then disposed of as appropriate in light of that decision.

On April 24, 2018, the Supreme Court rejected the petitioner’s constitutional challenge to the IPR process in the Oil States case, and on April 30, 2018 denied IPR Licensing, Inc.’s July 28, 2017 petition for a writ of certiorari. On March 6, 2018, in the PTAB remand proceeding, the PTAB again found claim 8 to be invalid. On April 10, 2018, IPR Licensing, Inc. appealed to the Federal Circuit seeking review of the PTAB’s decision. That appeal (the “’244 patent PTAB remand appeal”) remains pending.

On December 21, 2015, the district court entered another scheduling order that vacated the October 2016 date for the ZTE trial related to damages and FRAND-related issues as set forth in the May 2015 scheduling order.

On March 18, 2016, the court denied ZTE’s motion for judgment as a matter of law, or in the alternative for a new trial, with respect to the ’966 and ’847 patents. The court postponed its ruling on ZTE’s motion as to the ’244 patent pending the Federal Circuit’s decision on InterDigital’s appeal of the September 14, 2015 PTAB ruling and administratively closed that portion of the motion.

On April 18, 2016, ZTE filed a stipulated request for dismissal with prejudice of its counterclaims for breach of contract and patent unenforceability based on FRAND and withdrew its corresponding FRAND-related affirmative defenses. The court granted this request the same day. Also on April 18, 2016, ZTE filed a motion under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(b) seeking certification of partial final judgment on the claims for infringement of the ’966 and ’847 patents to allow ZTE to file an immediate appeal as to those patents. The motion was granted on June 7, 2016, and a partial final judgment was entered on June 20, 2016. On July 18, 2016, ZTE filed its notice of appeal with the Federal Circuit regarding the Delaware District Court’s judgment against ZTE with respect to the ’966 and ’847 patents. Oral argument on ZTE’s appeal was heard on October 4, 2017. On November 3, 2017, the Federal Circuit issued its decision affirming the Delaware District Court judgment finding that the ’966 and ’847 patents are not invalid and are infringed by ZTE 3G and 4G cellular devices. On December 4, 2017, ZTE filed a petition for panel rehearing of the Federal Circuit’s decision. The Federal Circuit denied ZTE’s petition on December 20, 2017, and the court’s mandate issued on December 27, 2017.

On May 15, 2017, InterDigital and Nokia/MMO filed a stipulation of dismissal of the case against MMO, Nokia Corporation and Nokia, Inc. pursuant to a Settlement Agreement and Release of Claims among InterDigital, Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Mobile, Inc., and MMO, dated May 9, 2017, (the “Microsoft Settlement Agreement”). On May 16, 2017, the Delaware District Court granted the stipulation and dismissed the case against MMO, Nokia Corporation and Nokia, Inc. with prejudice.

The case against ZTE remains pending. On January 16, 2018, InterDigital and ZTE filed a joint status report that informed the court of the Federal Circuit’s decision regarding the ’966 and ’847 patents and that the PTAB proceedings regarding the ’244 patent remained pending. The parties jointly requested that the case remain stayed so that the portion of the case related to damages potentially owed by ZTE as to the three patents-in-suit may be coordinated. The court granted this request on January 17, 2018. The case remains stayed pending the conclusion of the ’244 patent PTAB remand appeal, including any further proceedings.

2011 USITC Proceeding (337-TA-800) and Related ZTE Delaware District Court Proceeding

USITC Proceeding (337-TA-800)

On July 26, 2011, InterDigital’s wholly owned subsidiaries InterDigital Communications, LLC (now InterDigital Communications, Inc.), InterDigital Technology Corporation and IPR Licensing, Inc. filed a complaint with the USITC against Nokia Corporation and Nokia Inc., Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. and FutureWei Technologies, Inc. d/b/a Huawei Technologies (USA) and ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc. (collectively, the “337-TA-800 Respondents”), alleging violations of Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 in that they engaged in unfair trade practices by selling for importation into the United States, importing into the United States and/or selling after importation into the United States certain 3G wireless devices (including WCDMA- and cdma2000-capable mobile phones, USB sticks, mobile hotspots and tablets and components of such devices) that infringe several of InterDigital’s U.S. patents. The action also extended to certain WCDMA and

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cdma2000 devices incorporating WiFi functionality. InterDigital’s complaint with the USITC sought an exclusion order that would bar from entry into the United States any infringing 3G wireless devices (and components) that are imported by or on behalf of the 337-TA-800 Respondents, and also sought a cease-and-desist order to bar further sales of infringing products that have already been imported into the United States. In May 2012, Huawei Device USA, Inc. was added as a 337-TA-800 Respondent.

The ALJ held an evidentiary hearing from February 12-21, 2013. The patents in issue as of the hearing were U.S. Patent Nos. 8,009,636 (the “’636 patent”), 7,706, 830 (the “’830 patent”), 7,502,406 (the “’406 patent”), 7,616,970 (the “’970 patent”), 7,706,332 (the “’332 patent”), 7,536,013 (the “’013 patent”) and 7,970,127 (the “’127 patent”). The ALJ’s Initial Determination (“ID”) issued on June 28, 2013, finding no violation because the asserted patents were not infringed and/or invalid. Among other determinations, with respect to the 337-TA-800 Respondents’ FRAND and other equitable defenses, the ALJ found that Respondents had failed to prove either that InterDigital violated any FRAND obligations, that InterDigital failed to negotiate in good faith, or that InterDigital’s licensing offers were discriminatory. The ALJ also found that InterDigital is not precluded from seeking injunctive relief based on any alleged FRAND commitments.

Petitions for review of the ID to the Commission were filed by InterDigital and the 337-TA-800 Respondents on July 15, 2013. On September 4, 2013, the Commission determined to review the ID in its entirety.

On December 19, 2013, the Commission issued its final determination. The Commission adopted, with some modification, the ALJ’s finding of no violation of Section 337 as to Nokia, Huawei, and ZTE. The Commission did not rule on any other issue, including FRAND and domestic industry, and stated that all other issues remain under review.

On December 20, 2013, InterDigital filed in the Federal Circuit a petition for review seeking reversal of the Commission’s final determination. On February 18, 2015, the Federal Circuit issued a decision affirming the USITC’s determinations that the claims of the ’830, ’636, ’406 and ’332 patents were not infringed, that the claims of the ’970 patent are invalid, and that the Respondents did not violate Section 337. On April 6, 2015, InterDigital filed a combined petition for panel rehearing and rehearing e n banc as to the ’830 and ’636 patents. The petition was denied on May 12, 2015, and the court’s mandate issued on May 19, 2015.

Related Delaware District Court Proceeding

On July 26, 2011, the same date that InterDigital filed USITC Proceeding (337-TA-800), it filed a parallel action in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware against the 337-TA-800 Respondents alleging infringement of the same asserted patents identified in USITC Proceeding (337-TA-800). The Delaware District Court complaint seeks a permanent injunction and compensatory damages in an amount to be determined, as well as enhanced damages based on willful infringement, and recovery of reasonable attorneys' fees and costs. On September 23, 2011, the defendants in the Delaware District Court complaint filed a motion to stay the Delaware District Court action pending the parallel proceedings in the USITC. Because the USITC has instituted USITC Proceeding (337-TA-800), the defendants have a statutory right to a mandatory stay of the Delaware District Court proceeding pending a final determination in the USITC. On October 3, 2011, InterDigital amended the Delaware District Court complaint, adding LG as a defendant and adding the same additional patent that InterDigital requested be added to USITC Proceeding (337-TA-800). On October 11, 2011, the Delaware District Court granted the defendants' motion to stay. The case is currently stayed through June 10, 2019.

On January 14, 2014, InterDigital and Huawei filed a stipulation of dismissal of their disputes in this action on account of the confidential settlement agreement mentioned above. On the same day, the Delaware District Court granted the stipulation of dismissal.

On May 15, 2017, InterDigital and Nokia filed a stipulation of dismissal of their dispute pursuant to the Microsoft Settlement Agreement discussed above. On May 16, 2017, the Delaware District Court granted the stipulation and dismissed the case with prejudice with respect to Nokia Corporation and Nokia Inc.

In December 2017, InterDigital entered into a patent license agreement with LG, pursuant to which the parties agreed to terms for dismissal by InterDigital of the outstanding litigation among the parties and their affiliates. Accordingly, on December 5, 2017, InterDigital and LG filed a stipulation of dismissal of the case against LG. On the same day, the Delaware District Court granted the stipulation and dismissed the case against LG with prejudice.

The case remains pending with respect to ZTE.

OTHER

We are party to certain other disputes and legal actions in the ordinary course of business, including arbitrations and legal proceedings with licensees regarding the terms of their agreements and the negotiation thereof. We do not currently

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believe that these matters, even if adversely adjudicated or settled, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. None of the preceding matters have met the requirements for accrual or disclosure of a potential range as of March 31, 2019.

7. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS

Acquisition of Technicolor's Patent Licensing Business

On July 30, 2018, we completed our acquisition of the patent licensing business of Technicolor, a worldwide technology leader in the media and entertainment sector (the "Technicolor Acquisition"). The Technicolor Acquisition included the acquisition by InterDigital of approximately 18,000 patents and applications, across a broad range of technologies, including approximately 3,000 worldwide video coding patents and applications. Refer to our 2018 Form 10-K for further information on the Technicolor Acquisition.

The Technicolor Acquisition met the definition of a business combination, and as such was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. We allocated the fair value of consideration transferred to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. We recorded the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the net values of these assets and liabilities as goodwill.

The amount of revenue and earnings that would have been included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 had the acquisition date been January 1, 2017 are reflected in the table below. These amounts have been calculated after applying the Company's accounting policies and adjusting the results to reflect additional interest expense as well as amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to amortizable intangible assets had been recorded as of January 1, 2017. In addition, pro forma adjustments have been made to reflect the impact of the transaction-related costs discussed above. These unaudited pro forma combined results of operations have been prepared for comparative purposes only, and they do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that actually would have resulted had the acquisition occurred on the date indicated, or that may result in the future. The amounts in the table are unaudited (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2018
Actual revenue	$	87,444
Supplemental pro forma revenue	$	90,308
Actual earnings	$	30,230
Supplemental pro forma earnings	$	18,087
Actual diluted earnings per share	$	0.85
Supplemental pro forma diluted earnings per share	$	0.51

Contingent Consideration

In conjunction with the Technicolor Acquisition, Technicolor will receive 42.5% of all of InterDigital's future cash receipts (net of estimated operating expenses) from InterDigital's new licensing efforts in the consumer electronics field; there will be no revenue sharing associated with InterDigital’s mobile industry licensing efforts. The portion of the future cash receipts relating to patents existing as of the date of the acquisition will be accounted for as a contingent consideration liability in accordance with ASC 805-30-25, Business Combinations - Contingent Consideration . The revenue sharing arrangement continues through December 31, 2038, and there are no minimum or maximum payments under the arrangement.

The estimated acquisition date fair value of the contingent consideration liability was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation model. This fair value measurement includes significant unobservable inputs that are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy and are discussed further within Note 8. The contingent consideration liability is subject to re-measurement each reporting period until it has been fully paid, and any adjustments to the fair value of the contingent consideration liability are reflected within operating expenses within our condensed consolidated statements of income.

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Madison Arrangement

In conjunction with the Technicolor Acquisition, effective July 30, 2018, we assumed Technicolor’s rights and obligations under a joint licensing program with Sony Corporation (“Sony”) which commenced in 2015 relating to digital televisions and standalone computer display monitors, and is referred to as the "Madison Arrangement". We also assumed Technicolor's role as sole licensing agent for the Madison Arrangement. As licensing agent, we are responsible for making decisions regarding the prosecution and maintenance of the combined patent portfolio and the licensing and enforcement of the combined patent portfolio in the field of use of digital TVs and computer display monitors on an exclusive basis during the specified term in exchange for an agent fee. The Madison Arrangement falls under the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC 808”). Refer to our 2018 Form 10-K for further information on the Madison Arrangement.

Long-term debt

An affiliate of CPPIB Credit Investments Inc. ("CPPIB Credit"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, is a third-party investor in the Madison Arrangement. CPPIB Credit has made certain payments to Technicolor and Sony and has agreed to contribute cash to fund certain capital reserve obligations under the arrangement in exchange for a percentage of future revenues, specifically through September 11, 2030 in regard to the Technicolor patents.

Upon our assumption of Technicolor’s rights and obligations under the Madison Arrangement, our relationship with CPPIB Credit meets the criteria in ASC 470-10-25 - Sales of Future Revenues or Various Other Measures of Income (“ASC 470”), which relates to cash received from an investor in exchange for a specified percentage or amount of revenue or other measure of income of a particular product line, business segment, trademark, patent, or contractual right for a defined period. Under this guidance, we recognized the fair value of our contingent obligation to CPPIB Credit, as of the acquisition date, as long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. This initial fair value measurement is based on the perspective of a market participant and includes significant unobservable inputs which are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the long-term debt as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is disclosed within Note 8. Our repayment obligations are contingent upon future royalty revenues generated from the Madison Arrangement and there are no minimum or maximum payments under the arrangement.

Under ASC 470, amounts recorded as debt shall be amortized under the interest method. At each reporting period, we will review the discounted expected future cash flows over the life of the obligation. The Company made an accounting policy election to utilize the catch-up method when there is a change in the estimated future cash flows, whereby we will adjust the carrying amount of the debt to the present value of the revised estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate, with a corresponding adjustment recognized as interest expense within “ Other Expense (Net) ” in the condensed consolidated statements of income. The effective interest rate as of the acquisition date was approximately 14.5%. This rate represents the discount rate that equates the estimated future cash flows with the fair value of the debt as of the acquisition date, and is used to compute the amount of interest to be recognized each period based on the estimated life of the future revenue streams. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized $0.6 million of interest expense related to this debt which was included within “ Other Expense (Net) ” in the condensed consolidated statements of income. Any future payments made to CPPIB Credit, or additional proceeds received from CPPIB Credit, will decrease or increase the long-term debt balance accordingly.

Restricted cash

Under the Madison Arrangement, the parties reserve cash in bank accounts to fund our activities to manage the portfolios. These accounts are custodial accounts for which the funds are restricted for this purpose. Refer to Note 8 for a reconciliation of total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 to the captions within the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Commitments

To receive consent from both Sony and CPPIB Credit to assume the rights and responsibilities of Technicolor under the Madison Arrangement, we committed to contributing cash to fund shortfalls in the Madison Arrangement, up to a maximum of $25.0 million, through 2020. A shortfall funding is only required in the scenario in which the restricted cash is not sufficient to fund current obligations. In the event that we fund a shortfall, any surplus cash resulting from subsequent royalty receipts would be used to repay our shortfall funding plus 25% interest in advance of distributions of royalties to either Sony or CPPIB Credit, assuming they have not participated in the funding of the shortfall. As of March 31, 2019, we have not contributed any shortfall funding.

Acquisition of Technicolor's Research & Innovation Unit

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home, imaging sciences, AR and VR and artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies. After completing the required prior consultation with Technicolor’s works council, the companies expect to execute a definitive acquisition agreement, the terms of which have been negotiated. The transaction is expected to close late second quarter 2019, subject to customary closing conditions.

As consideration for the acquisition, the parties have agreed to terminate the jointly funded R&D collaboration that was entered into as part of the Technicolor Acquisition. In addition, Technicolor has agreed to reduce its rights to a revenue-sharing arrangement announced as part of the Technicolor Acquisition. There is no cash consideration.

Transaction and integration related costs related to these transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were $3.0 million and $1.5 million , respectively, the majority of which were recorded within “Patent administration and licensing” and “Selling, general and administrative” expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

8. CASH, CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of money market and demand accounts. The following table provides a reconciliation of total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 to the captions within the condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands). The Company had no restricted cash balance prior to third quarter 2018.



	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	503,240	$	475,056
Restricted cash included within prepaid and other current assets	13,372		13,677
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	516,612	$	488,733

Concentration of Credit Risk and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, short-term investments, and accounts receivable. We place our cash equivalents and short-term investments only in highly rated financial instruments and in United States government instruments.

Our accounts receivable and contract assets are derived principally from patent license and technology solutions agreements. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , five licensees comprised 53% and 76% of our net accounts receivable balance, respectively. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our licensees, who generally include large, multinational, wireless telecommunications equipment manufacturers. We believe that the book values of our financial instruments approximate their fair values.

Fair Value Measurements

We use various valuation techniques and assumptions when measuring the fair value of our assets and liabilities. We utilize market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. This guidance established a hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of input used for the various valuation techniques (market approach, income approach and cost approach). The levels of the hierarchy are described below:

Level 1 Inputs — Level 1 includes financial instruments for which quoted market prices for identical instruments are available in active markets.

Level 2 Inputs — Level 2 includes financial instruments for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the instrument such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets) or model-driven valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data, including market interest rate curves, referenced credit spreads and pre-payment rates.

Level 3 Inputs — Level 3 includes financial instruments for which fair value is derived from valuation techniques including pricing models and discounted cash flow models in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable, including the Company’s own assumptions. The pricing models incorporate transaction details

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such as contractual terms, maturity and, in certain instances, timing and amount of future cash flows, as well as assumptions related to liquidity and credit valuation adjustments of marketplace participants.

Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of financial assets and financial liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. We use quoted market prices for similar assets to estimate the fair value of our Level 2 investments.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Our financial assets are generally included within short-term investments on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, unless otherwise indicated. Our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis are presented in the tables below as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):



	Fair Value as of March 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market and demand accounts (a)	$	516,612	$	—	$	—	$	516,612
Commercial paper (b)	—		—		—		—
U.S. government securities	—		182,471		—		182,471
Corporate bonds, asset backed and other securities	—		107,334		—		107,334
Total	$	516,612	$	289,805	$	—	$	806,417
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration resulting from the Technicolor Acquisition	$	—	$	—	$	20,510	$	20,510
	$	—	$	—	$	20,510	$	20,510



	Fair Value as of December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market and demand accounts (a)	$	488,733	$	—	$	—	$	488,733
Commercial paper (b)	—		14,548		—		14,548
U.S. government securities	—		289,576		—		289,576
Corporate bonds, asset backed and other securities	—		166,600		—		166,600
	$	488,733	$	470,724	$	—	$	959,457
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration resulting from the Technicolor Acquisition	$	—	$	—	$	19,800	$	19,800
	$	—	$	—	$	19,800	$	19,800

______________________________


(a)	Primarily included within cash and cash equivalents.


(b)	As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, zero commercial paper was included within cash and cash equivalents.

Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

Contingent consideration

As discussed in Note 7, we completed the Technicolor Acquisition during third quarter 2018. In conjunction with the Technicolor Acquisition, we recognized a contingent consideration liability which is measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. We utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liability. A Monte Carlo simulation uses random numbers together with volatility assumptions to generate individual paths, or trials, for variables of interest governed by a Geometric Brownian Motion in a risk-neutral framework. Level 3 significant unobservable inputs as of March 31, 2019 include the following:

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Significant Unobservable Input	Ranges	Weighted Average
Risk-adjusted discount rate for revenue	13.5% - 14.2%	13.9%
Credit risk discount rate	6.2% - 8.0%	7.1%
Revenue volatility	35.0%	35.0%
Projected years of earn out	2019 - 2030	N/A

Significant increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. Adjustments to the fair value of contingent consideration are reflected in operating expenses within our condensed consolidated statements of income.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our Level 3 fair value measurements from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019, which includes the contingent consideration liability resulting from the Technicolor Acquisition discussed further above and within Note 7. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Level 3 contingent consideration liability is included within " Other long-term liabilities " in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.



Level 3 Fair Value Measurements	Contingent Consideration Liability
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	19,800
Changes in fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income		710
Reduction for payments		—
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	20,510

Fair Value of Long-Term Debt

2020 Senior Convertible Notes

The principal amount, carrying value and related estimated fair value of the Company's senior convertible debt reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands). The aggregate fair value of the principal amount of the senior convertible long-term debt is a Level 2 fair value measurement.



	March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Principal Amount		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Principal Amount		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Senior Convertible Long-Term Debt	$	316,000	$	302,514	$	331,200	$	316,000	$	298,951	$	331,595

Technicolor Acquisition Long-term Debt

As more fully disclosed in Note 7, we recognized long-term debt in conjunction with the Technicolor Acquisition. The carrying value and related estimated fair value of the Technicolor Acquisition long-term debt reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands). The aggregate fair value of the Technicolor Acquisition long-term debt is a Level 3 fair value measurement.



	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Technicolor Acquisition Long-Term Debt	$	19,061	$	19,100	$	18,428	$	19,100

9. LONG-TERM DEBT

Technicolor Acquisition Long-Term Debt

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Refer to Note 7, " Business Combinations and Other Transactions ," and Note 8, " Cash, Concentration of Credit Risk and Fair Value of Financial Instruments ," for information regarding the long-term debt recognized in conjunction with the Technicolor Acquisition.

2020 Senior Convertible Notes, and Related Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions

On March 11, 2015, we issued $316.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.50% Senior Convertible Notes due 2020 (the “2020 Notes”). The 2020 Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.50% per year, payable in cash on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing September 1, 2015, and mature on March 1, 2020, unless earlier converted or repurchased.

The 2020 Notes will be convertible into cash, shares of our common stock or a combination thereof, at our election, at a current conversion rate of 14.0506 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2020 Notes (which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $71.17 per share), as adjusted pursuant to the terms of the indenture for the 2020 Notes (the "Indenture"). The conversion rate, and thus the conversion price, may be adjusted under certain circumstances, including in connection with conversions made following certain fundamental changes and under other circumstances set forth in the Indenture. It is our current intent and policy to settle all conversions through combination settlements of cash and shares of common stock, with a specified dollar amount of $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2020 Notes and any remaining amounts in shares.

Prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2019, the 2020 Notes will be convertible only under certain circumstances as set forth in the Indenture, including on any date during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter) if the closing sale price of our common stock was more than 130% of the applicable conversion price (approximately $92.52 based on the current conversion price) on each applicable trading day for at least 20 trading days in the period of the 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter.

Commencing on December 1, 2019, the 2020 Notes will be convertible in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at any time prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of the 2020 Notes.

The Company may not redeem the 2020 Notes prior to their maturity date.

On March 5 and March 9, 2015, in connection with the offering of the 2020 Notes, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions that cover approximately 3.8 million and approximately 0.6 million shares of our common stock, respectively, at a strike price that corresponds initially to the initial conversion price of the 2020 Notes and are exercisable upon conversion of the 2020 Notes.

The cost of the March 5 and March 9, 2015 convertible note hedge transactions was approximately $51.7 million and approximately $7.7 million , respectively.

On March 5 and March 9, 2015, we sold warrants to acquire approximately 3.8 million and approximately 0.6 million , respectively, of common stock, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. As of March 31, 2019, the warrants had a strike price of approximately $86.99 per share, as adjusted. The warrants become exercisable and expire in daily tranches over a three and a half month period starting in June 2020. As consideration for the warrants issued on March 5 and March 9, 2015, we received approximately $37.3 million and approximately $5.6 million , respectively.

Accounting Treatment of the 2020 Notes and related Convertible Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions

The offering of the 2020 Notes on March 5, 2015 was for $275.0 million and included an overallotment option that allowed the initial purchasers to purchase up to an additional $41.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2020 Notes. The initial purchasers exercised their overallotment option on March 9, 2015, bringing the total amount of 2020 Notes issued on March 11, 2015 to $316.0 million .

In connection with the offering of the 2020 Notes, as discussed above, InterDigital entered into convertible note hedge transactions with respect to its common stock. The $59.4 million cost of the convertible note hedge transactions was partially offset by the proceeds from the sale of the warrants described above, resulting in a net cost of $16.5 million . Both the convertible note hedge and warrants were classified as equity.

The Company bifurcated the proceeds from the offering of the 2020 Notes between liability and equity components. On the date of issuance, the liability and equity components were calculated to be approximately $256.7 million and $59.3 million , respectively. The initial $256.7 million liability component was determined based on the fair value of similar debt instruments excluding the conversion feature. The initial $59.3 million ( $38.6 million net of tax) equity component represents the difference between the fair value of the initial $256.7 million in debt and the $316.0 million of gross proceeds. The related

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initial debt discount of $59.3 million is being amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the 2020 Notes. An effective interest rate of 5.89% was used to calculate the debt discount on the 2020 Notes.

In connection with the above-noted transactions, the Company incurred $9.3 million of directly related costs. The initial purchasers' transaction fees and related offering expenses were allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of proceeds and accounted for as debt and equity issuance costs, respectively. We allocated $7.0 million of debt issuance costs to the liability component, which were capitalized as deferred financing costs. These costs are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt using the effective interest method. The remaining $2.4 million of costs allocated to the equity component were recorded as a reduction of the equity component.

The following table reflects the carrying value of the 2020 Notes as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):



	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Principal	$	316,000		$	316,000
Less:
Unamortized interest discount	(12,212		)	(15,428		)
Deferred financing costs	(1,274		)	(1,621		)
Net carrying amount of 2020 Notes	$	302,514		$	298,951

The following table presents the amount of interest cost recognized, which is included within " Other Expense (Net)" in our condensed consolidated statements of income, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 relating to the contractual interest coupon, accretion of the debt discount, and the amortization of financing costs (in thousands):



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Contractual coupon interest	$	1,185	$	1,185
Accretion of debt discount	3,215		3,033
Amortization of deferred financing costs	347		347
Total	$	4,747	$	4,565

10. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

As further discussed below, we are the primary beneficiary of three variable interest entities. As of March 31, 2019 , the combined book values of the assets and liabilities associated with these variable interest entities included in our condensed consolidated balance sheet were $50.6 million and $5.4 million , respectively. Assets included $30.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, $2.7 million of accounts receivable and prepaid assets, $16.1 million of patents, net, and $1.3 million of other non-current assets. As of December 31, 2018 , the combined book values of the assets and liabilities associated with these variable interest entities included in our condensed consolidated balance sheet were $29.9 million and $6.1 million , respectively. Assets included $11.7 million of cash and cash equivalents, $1.3 million of accounts receivable, $14.4 million of patents, net, and $2.5 million of other non-current assets.

Chordant

On January 31, 2019, we launched the company’s Chordant™ business as a standalone company. The spinout of the unit, which now includes an affiliate of Sony as an investor along with InterDigital, gives Chordant added independence and flexibility in driving into its core operator and smart city markets. Chordant is a variable interest entity and we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary for accounting purposes and will consolidate Chordant. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we have allocated approximately $0.3 million of Chordant's net loss to noncontrolling interests held by other parties.

Convida Wireless

Convida Wireless was launched in 2013 and most recently renewed in 2018 to combine Sony's consumer electronics expertise with our pioneering IoT expertise to drive IoT communications and connectivity. Based on the terms of the agreement, the parties will contribute funding and resources for additional research and platform development, which we will perform. SCP IP Investment LLC, an affiliate of Stephens Inc., is a minority investor in Convida Wireless.

Convida Wireless is a variable interest entity. Based on our provision of research and platform development services to Convida Wireless, we have determined that we remain the primary beneficiary for accounting purposes and will continue to consolidate Convida Wireless. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , we have allocated approximately $1.1 million and $1.5 million , respectively, of Convida Wireless's net loss to noncontrolling interests held by other parties.

Signal Trust for Wireless Innovation

During 2013, we announced the establishment of the Signal Trust for Wireless Innovation (the “Signal Trust”), the goal of which is to monetize a large InterDigital patent portfolio related to cellular infrastructure.

The more than 500 patents and patent applications transferred from InterDigital to the Signal Trust focus primarily on 3G and LTE technologies, and were developed by InterDigital's engineers and researchers over more than a decade, with a number of the innovations contributing to the worldwide standards process.

InterDigital is the primary beneficiary of the Signal Trust. The distributions from the Signal Trust will support continued research related to cellular wireless technologies. A small portion of the proceeds from the Signal Trust will be used to fund, through the Signal Foundation for Wireless Innovation, scholarly analysis of intellectual property rights and the technological, commercial and creative innovations they facilitate.

The Signal Trust is a variable interest entity. Based on the terms of the trust agreement, we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary for accounting purposes and must consolidate the Signal Trust.

11. REVISION TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST

As discussed in Note 1, we revised our prior period presentation of noncontrolling interest. The following tables present the effect of the revision on the consolidated statements of income, statements of comprehensive income, balance sheets and statements of shareholders' equity (in thousands, except per share data). The correction of this error has no impact to the previously reported consolidated statements of cash flows for any periods.

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	Statements of Income and Statements of Comprehensive Income Impact
	Year Ended
	December 31,	December 31,	December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest - As Reported	$3,521	$3,579	$4,393
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest - As Revised	$5,261	$5,506	$5,556

Net income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Reported	$309,001	$174,293	$63,868
Net income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Revised	$310,741	$176,220	$65,031

Net income per common share, Basic - As Reported	$8.95	$5.04	$1.85
Net income per common share, Basic - As Revised	$9.00	$5.09	$1.89

Net income per common share, Diluted - As Reported	$8.78	$4.87	$1.81
Net income per common share, Diluted - As Revised	$8.83	$4.93	$1.84

Total comprehensive income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Reported	$308,665	$172,724	$63,929
Total comprehensive income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Revised	$310,405	$174,651	$65,092



	Statements of Income and Statements of Comprehensive Income Impact
	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended	Nine Months Ended
	March 31,	June 30,	September 30,	December 31,	June 30,	September 30,
	2017	2017	2017	2017	2017	2017
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest - As Reported	$978	$955	$811	$835	$1,933	$2,744
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest - As Revised	$1,483	$1,427	$1,226	$1,370	$2,910	$4,136

Net income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Reported	$33,756	$52,499	$35,536	$52,502	$86,255	$121,791
Net income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Revised	$34,261	$52,971	$35,951	$53,037	$87,232	$123,183

Net income per common share, Basic - As Reported	$0.98	$1.51	$1.02	$1.52	$2.50	$3.52
Net income per common share, Basic - As Revised	$1.00	$1.53	$1.04	$1.53	$2.53	$3.56

Net income per common share, Diluted - As Reported	$0.93	$1.46	$1.00	$1.48	$2.39	$3.40
Net income per common share, Diluted - As Revised	$0.95	$1.48	$1.02	$1.49	$2.42	$3.43

Total comprehensive income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Reported	$33,711	$52,457	$35,442	$51,114	$86,168	$121,610
Total comprehensive income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Revised	$34,216	$52,929	$35,857	$51,649	$87,145	$123,002

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	Statements of Income and Statements of Comprehensive Income Impact
	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended	Nine Months Ended
	March 31,	June 30,	September 30,	December 31,	June 30,	September 30,
	2018	2018	2018	2018	2018	2018
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest - As Reported	$1,196	$930	$1,297	$970	$2,126	$3,423
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest - As Revised	$1,501	$1,190	$1,642	$1,223	$2,691	$4,333

Net income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Reported	$29,925	$10,706	$21,407	$1,830	$40,631	$62,038
Net income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Revised	$30,230	$10,966	$21,752	$2,083	$41,196	$62,948

Net income per common share, Basic - As Reported	$0.86	$0.31	$0.62	$0.05	$1.17	$1.79
Net income per common share, Basic - As Revised	$0.87	$0.32	$0.63	$0.06	$1.19	$1.81

Net income per common share, Diluted - As Reported	$0.84	$0.30	$0.60	$0.05	$1.14	$1.74
Net income per common share, Diluted - As Revised	$0.85	$0.31	$0.61	$0.06	$1.16	$1.77

Total comprehensive income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Reported	$28,178	$11,082	$21,874	$2,795	$39,260	$61,134
Total comprehensive income attributable to InterDigital, Inc. - As Revised	$28,483	$11,342	$22,219	$3,048	$39,825	$62,044



	Balance Sheets and Statements of Shareholders' Equity Impact
	December 31,	December 31,	March 31,	June 30,	September 30,	December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018	2018	2018
Retained earnings - As Reported	$1,120,766	$1,249,091	$1,428,437	$1,426,888	$1,436,171	$1,426,266
Retained earnings - As Revised	$1,127,380	$1,257,632	$1,437,283	$1,435,994	$1,445,622	$1,435,970

Total InterDigital, Inc. shareholders’ equity - As Reported	$739,709	$855,267	$1,019,047	$1,020,469	$1,000,591	$927,025
Total InterDigital, Inc. shareholders’ equity - As Revised	$746,323	$863,808	$1,027,893	$1,029,575	$1,010,042	$936,729

Noncontrolling interest - As Reported	$14,659	$17,881	$16,685	$15,755	$14,458	$10,988
Noncontrolling interest - As Revised	$8,045	$9,340	$7,839	$6,649	$5,007	$1,284

Total equity - As Reported	$754,368	$873,148	$1,035,732	$1,036,224	$1,015,049	$938,013
Total equity - As Revised	$754,368	$873,148	$1,035,732	$1,036,224	$1,015,049	$938,013

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS .

OVERVIEW

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited, condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in addition to our 2018 Form 10-K, other reports filed with the SEC and the Statement Pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 — Forward-Looking Statements below.

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Throughout the following discussion and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, we refer to “recurring revenues” and “non-recurring revenues.” Recurring revenues are comprised of “current patent royalties” and “current technology solutions revenue.” Non-recurring revenues are comprised of “non-current patent royalties”, which primarily include past patent royalties and royalties from static agreements, as well as “patent sales”.

Acquisition of Technicolor's Research & Innovation Unit

On February 11, 2019, we announced that we had made a binding offer to acquire the Research & Innovation ("R&I") unit of Technicolor SA. R&I is a premier research lab that conducts fundamental research into video coding, IoT and smart home, imaging sciences, AR and VR and artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies. After completing the required prior consultation with Technicolor’s works council, the companies expect to execute a definitive acquisition agreement, the terms of which have been negotiated. The transaction is expected to close late second quarter 2019, subject to customary closing conditions.

Recurring Revenue

First quarter 2019 recurring revenue was $74.2 million compared to $64.1 million in first quarter 2018 , with the increase primarily driven by an increase in fixed-fee royalty revenues as a result of new license agreements signed in 2018 and the inclusion of revenue from the Technicolor Acquisition. Refer to "Results of Operations -- First Quarter 2019 Compared to First Quarter 2018" for further discussion of our 2019 revenue.

New Accounting Guidance

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, " Leases (Topic 842) " (or "ASC 842"), which outlines a comprehensive change to the lease accounting model and supersedes prior lease guidance ("ASC 840"). The new guidance requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets for all leases with lease terms of greater than 12 months, and also changes the definition of a lease and expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition effective date method, and upon adoption reflected $13.6 million of right-of-use assets and $17.2 million of lease liabilities within the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income or cash flows.

Share Repurchase Program

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , we repurchased 1.6 million shares of our common stock for $109.0 million under our $600 million share repurchase program (the “2014 Repurchase Program”). As of March 31, 2019 , there was approximately $59.1 million remaining under the 2014 Repurchase Program.

Comparability of Financial Results

When comparing first quarter 2019 financial results against other periods, the following items should be taken into consideration:


•	the Technicolor Acquisition, which closed on July 30, 2018, contributed $5.6 million to our first quarter 2019 revenue and $12.1 million to our first quarter 2019 operating expenses, including $3.0 million of transaction-related and integration costs; and


•	first quarter 2019 results include a $5.5 million net charge as contra non-recurring revenue related to a recently restructured licensing arrangement with a long-term customer.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2018 Form 10-K . A discussion of our critical accounting policies, and the estimates related to them, are included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2018 Form 10-K . There have been no material changes to our existing critical accounting policies from the disclosures included in our 2018 Form 10-K . Refer to Note 1, “ Basis of Presentation ,” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for updates related to new accounting pronouncements and changes in accounting policies.

FINANCIAL POSITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, as well as cash generated from operations. We believe we have the ability to obtain additional liquidity through debt and equity financings. Based on our past performance and current expectations, we believe our available sources of funds, including cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and cash generated from our operations, will be sufficient to finance our operations, capital requirements,

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debt obligations (including the repayment of our $316.0 million 1.50% senior convertible notes due in March 2020), existing stock repurchase program and dividend program for the next twelve months.

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments

As of March 31, 2019 , and December 31, 2018 , we had the following amounts of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments (in thousands):



	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		Increase / (Decrease)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	503,240	$	475,056	$	28,184
Restricted cash included within prepaid and other current assets	13,372		13,677		(305		)
Short-term investments	289,805		470,724		(180,919		)
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments	$	806,417	$	959,457	$	(153,040	)

The net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments was primarily attributable to cash used in financing activities of $114.4 million , primarily related to share repurchases, dividend payments, and cash payments for payroll taxes upon vesting of restricted stock units, partially offset by proceeds received from non-controlling interests. Cash used in investing activities of $10.1 million , excluding sales and purchases of short-term investments, primarily related to capital investments for patents and fixed assets and cash used in operating activities of $30.8 million further contributed to the decrease. Please see below for further discussion of these items.

Cash flows from operations

We used the following cash flows in our operating activities in first quarter 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			Increase / (Decrease)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(30,781	)	$	(595	)	$	(30,186	)

Our cash flows used in operating activities are principally derived from cash receipts from patent license and technology solutions agreements, offset by cash operating expenses and income tax payments. The $30.2 million increase in net cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by lower cash receipts in first quarter 2019 as compared to first quarter 2018 related to timing of cash receipts from our dynamic fixed-fee royalty agreements. The table below sets forth the significant items comprising our cash flows used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands).



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			Increase / (Decrease)
Cash Receipts:
Patent royalties	$	34,363		$	50,930		$	(16,567	)
Technology solutions	639			5,912			(5,273		)
Total cash receipts	35,002			56,842			(21,840		)

Cash Outflows:
Cash operating expenses ^a	47,461			41,779			5,682
Income taxes paid ^b	3,196			8,053			(4,857		)
Total cash outflows	50,657			49,832			825

Other working capital adjustments	(15,126		)	(7,605		)	(7,521		)

Cash flows used in operating activities	$	(30,781	)	$	(595	)	$	(30,186	)

(a) Cash operating expenses include operating expenses include operating expenses less depreciation of fixed assets, amortization of patents, non-cash compensation and non-cash changes in fair value.

(b) Income taxes paid include foreign withholding taxes.

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Working capital

We believe that working capital adjusted to exclude cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and to include current deferred revenue provides additional information about non-cash assets and liabilities that might affect our near-term liquidity. While we believe cash and short-term investments are important measures of our liquidity, the remaining components of our current assets and current liabilities, with the exception of deferred revenue, could affect our near-term liquidity and/or cash flow. We have no material obligations associated with our deferred revenue, and the amortization of deferred revenue has no impact on our future liquidity and/or cash flow. Our adjusted working capital, a non-GAAP financial measure, reconciles to working capital, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands), as follows:



	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			Increase / (Decrease)
Current assets	$	875,946		$	1,024,250		$	(148,304	)
Less : current liabilities	448,153			179,395			268,758
Working capital	427,793			844,855			(417,062		)
Subtract:
Cash and cash equivalents	503,240			475,056			28,184
Restricted cash	13,372			13,677			(305		)
Short-term investments	289,805			470,724			(180,919		)
Add:
Current deferred revenue	84,816			111,672			(26,856		)
Adjusted working capital	$	(293,808	)	$	(2,930	)	$	(290,878	)

The $290.9 million increase in negative adjusted working capital is primarily attributable to the classification of our 2020 Senior Convertible Notes, which are due March 2020, as a current liability within the March 31, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet. This increase was slightly offset by a decrease in accrued compensation and related expenses.

Cash flows from investing and financing activities

Net cash provided by investing activities in first quarter 2019 was $173.0 million , a $161.5 million increase from $11.5 million net cash provided by investing activities in first quarter 2018 . We sold $183.1 million of short-term marketable securities, net of purchases, in first quarter 2019 , as compared to sales of $24.2 million , in each case net of purchases, in first quarter 2018 .

Net cash used in financing activities for first quarter 2019 was $114.4 million , an $87.9 million increase from $26.5 million in first quarter 2018 . This change was primarily attributable to a $103.0 million increase in repurchases of common stock. This increase in cash used in financing activities was partially offset by a $10.3 million increase in proceeds received from noncontrolling interests, as well as a $4.2 million decrease in payroll taxes paid upon the vesting of restricted stock units. The decrease in payroll taxes was driven by both a lower share price upon vesting date as well as a lower number of restricted stock units vested in first three months 2019 as compared to the number of restricted stock units that vested in the first three months 2018.

Other

Our combined short-term and long-term deferred revenue balance as of March 31, 2019 was approximately $223.4 million , a decrease of $45.9 million from December 31, 2018 . This decrease in deferred revenue was primarily comprised of revenue recognized from amortized dynamic fixed-fee royalty payments.

Based on current license agreements, we expect the amortization of dynamic fixed-fee royalty payments to reduce the March 31, 2019 deferred revenue balance of $223.4 million by $84.8 million over the next twelve months.

Convertible Notes

Our 1.50% Senior Convertible Notes due 2020 (for purposes of this discussion, the "Convertible Notes") are included in the dilutive earnings per share calculation using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, we must calculate the number of shares of common stock issuable under the terms of the Convertible Notes based on the average market price of our common stock during the applicable reporting period, and include that number in the total diluted shares figure for the period. At the time we issued the Convertible Notes, we entered into convertible note hedge and warrant agreements that together were designed to have the economic effect of reducing the net number of shares that will be issued in the event of

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conversion of the Convertible Notes by, in effect, increasing the conversion price of the Convertible Notes from our economic standpoint. However, under GAAP, since the impact of the convertible note hedge agreements is anti-dilutive, we exclude from the calculation of fully diluted shares the number of shares of our common stock that we would receive from the counterparties to these agreements upon settlement.

During periods in which the average market price of the Company's common stock is above the applicable conversion price of the Convertible Notes ( $71.17 per share as of March 31, 2019 ) or above the strike price of the warrants ( $86.99 per share as of March 31, 2019 ), the impact of conversion or exercise, as applicable, would be dilutive and such dilutive effect is reflected in diluted earnings per share. As a result, in periods where the average market price of the Company's common stock is above the conversion price or strike price, as applicable, under the treasury stock method, the Company calculates the number of shares issuable under the terms of the Convertible Notes and the warrants based on the average market price of the stock during the period, and includes that number in the total diluted shares outstanding for the period.

Under the treasury stock method, changes in the price per share of our common stock can have a significant impact on the number of shares that we must include in the fully diluted earnings per share calculation. As described in Note 9, " Long-Term Debt, " it is our current intent and policy to settle all conversions of the Convertible Notes through a combination settlement of cash and shares of common stock, with a specified dollar amount of $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes and any remaining amounts in shares ("net share settlement"). Assuming net share settlement upon conversion, the following table illustrates how, based on the $316.0 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and the approximately 4.4 million warrants outstanding as of the same date, changes in our stock price would affect (i) the number of shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, (ii) the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants subject to the warrant agreements, (iii) the number of additional shares deemed outstanding with respect to the Convertible Notes, after applying the treasury stock method, for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share ("Total Treasury Stock Method Incremental Shares"), (iv) the number of shares of common stock deliverable to us upon settlement of the hedge agreements and (v) the number of shares issuable upon concurrent conversion of the Convertible Notes, exercise of the warrants and settlement of the convertible note hedge agreements:



Market Price Per Share	Shares Issuable Upon Conversion of Convertible Notes	Shares Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants	Total Treasury Stock Method Incremental Shares	Shares Deliverable to InterDigital upon Settlement of the Hedge Agreements	Incremental Shares Issuable ^(a)
	(Shares in thousands)
$75	227	—	227	(227)	—
$80	490	—	490	(490)	—
$85	722	—	722	(722)	—
$90	929	149	1,078	(929)	149
$95	1,114	374	1,488	(1,114)	374
$100	1,280	578	1,858	(1,280)	578
$105	1,430	762	2,192	(1,430)	762
$110	1,567	929	2,496	(1,567)	929
$115	1,692	1,082	2,774	(1,692)	1,082
$120	1,807	1,221	3,028	(1,807)	1,221

(a) Represents incremental shares issuable upon concurrent conversion of convertible notes, exercise of warrants and settlement of the hedge agreements.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

First Quarter 2019 Compared to First Quarter 2018

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Revenues

The following table compares first quarter 2019 revenues to first quarter 2018 revenues (in thousands):



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018		Total Increase/(Decrease)
Variable patent royalty revenue	$	9,280		$	6,083	$	3,197		53	%
Fixed-fee royalty revenue	62,873			57,671		5,202			9	%
Current patent royalties ^a	72,153			63,754		8,399			13	%
Non-current patent royalties ^b	(5,775		)	23,344		(29,119		)	(125	)%
Total patent royalties	66,378			87,098		(20,720		)	(24	)%
Current technology solutions revenue ^a	2,028			346		1,682			486	%
Patent sales ^b	225			—		225			—	%
Total revenue	$	68,631		$	87,444	$	(18,813	)	(22	)%


a.	Recurring revenues are comprised of current patent royalties, inclusive of Dynamic Fixed-Fee Agreement royalties, and current technology solutions revenue.


b.	Non-recurring revenues are comprised of non-current patent royalties, which primarily include past patent royalties and royalties from static agreements, as well as patent sales.

The $18.8 million decrease in total revenue was driven by a decrease in non-current patent royalties, primarily resulting from new agreements signed in first quarter 2018, as well as a $5.5 million net charge recorded as contra non-recurring revenue during first quarter 2019 related to a recently restructured licensing arrangement with a long-term customer. The decrease in non-current patent royalties was partially offset by a $5.2 million increase in fixed-fee royalties resulting from new dynamic fixed-fee agreements signed during 2018. The increase in variable patent royalties was primarily driven by the inclusion of revenue from agreements assumed as part of the Technicolor Acquisition. Current technology solutions revenue increased $1.7 million due to the renewal of a license agreement with an existing customer.

In first quarter 2019 and first quarter 2018 , 83% and 76% of our total revenue, respectively, was attributable to companies that individually accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue. In first quarter 2019 and first quarter 2018 , the following companies accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue:



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019	2018
Apple	41%	32%
Samsung	29%	22%
LG	13%	<10%
Kyocera	<10%	11%
Customer of Signal Trust	—%	11%

Operating Expenses

The following table summarizes the changes in operating expenses between first quarter 2019 and first quarter 2018 by category (in thousands):



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018		Increase/(Decrease)
Patent administration and licensing	$	36,071	$	26,916	$	9,155	34	%
Development	18,495		16,174		2,321		14	%
Selling, general and administrative	14,215		14,204		11		—	%
Total operating expenses	$	68,781	$	57,294	$	11,487	20	%

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Operating expenses increased to $68.8 million in first quarter 2019 from $57.3 million in first quarter 2018 . The $11.5 million increase in total operating expenses was primarily due to changes in the following items (in thousands):



	Increase/ (Decrease)
Technicolor recurring operations	$	9,110
Technicolor Acquisition costs	1,534
Other	843
Total increase in operating expenses	$	11,487

The $11.5 million increase in operating expenses was primarily driven by the Technicolor Acquisition, which contributed $12.1 million to our first quarter 2019 operating expenses. The $12.1 million of costs is comprised of $9.1 million operating expenses for the acquired Technicolor business, of which $4.1 million relates to patent amortization. The $12.1 million of costs also includes $3.0 million of transaction-related costs incurred during the quarter for the Technicolor Acquisition and pending R&I acquisition.

Patent Administration and Licensing Expense: The increase in patent administration and licensing expense primarily resulted from the above-noted increases related to the Technicolor Acquisition.

Development Expense: The increase in development expense primarily related to costs associated with the jointly funded R&D collaboration with Technicolor R&I. This increase was partially offset by reduced spending on the development of commercial solutions in an ongoing effort to optimize our cost structure.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense: The slight increase in selling, general and administrative expense primarily resulted from the above-noted increases related to the Technicolor Acquisition.

Other (Expense) Income

The following table compares first quarter 2019 other (expense) income to first quarter 2018 other (expense) income (in thousands):



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019			2018			Change
Interest expense	$	(9,478	)	$	(9,243	)	$	(235	)	(3	)%
Other	(281		)	(16		)	(265		)	(1,656	)%
Interest and investment income	3,896			2,923			973			33	%
	$	(5,863	)	$	(6,336	)	$	473		7	%

The change in other expense between periods was primarily driven by an increase in interest and investment income due to higher returns during first quarter 2019 as compared to first quarter 2018 . This increase was partially offset by higher interest expense from interest incurred on long-term debt resulting from the Technicolor Acquisition.

Income taxes

STATEMENT PURSUANT TO THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995 — FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such statements include certain information under the heading “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and other information regarding our current beliefs, plans and expectations, including without limitation the matters set forth below. Words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “forecast,” “goal,” variations of any such words or similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, without limitation, statements regarding:


•	Our expectations regarding the potential effects of new accounting standards, including the new revenue recognition guidance, on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows;


•	Our expectation that the amortization of dynamic fixed-fee royalty payments will reduce our March 31, 2019 deferred revenue balance over the next twelve months;


•	Our expectations with respect to revenue to be recognized based on contracts signed and committed Dynamic Fixed-Fee Agreement payments as of March 31, 2019 ;


•	Our expectations and estimations regarding the income tax effects, and the impact on the Company, of the Tax Reform Act, including our forecasted net benefit related to our income qualifying as FDII;


•	Our expectations with respect to anticipated tax refunds to be received from amending certain tax returns;


•	The timing, outcome and impact of, and plans, expectations and beliefs with respect to, our various litigation, arbitration, regulatory and administrative matters;


•	Our belief that we have the ability to obtain additional liquidity through debt and equity financings;


•	Our expectations with respect to the impact of the Technicolor Acquisition on our financial statements and our business;


•	Our belief that our available sources of funds will be sufficient to finance our operations, capital requirements, debt obligations, existing stock repurchase program and dividend program for the next twelve months; and


•	Our expectation that we will continue to pay dividends comparable to our quarterly $0.35 per share cash dividend in the future.

Forward-looking statements concerning our business, results of operations and financial condition are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, and actual events that occur, to differ materially from results contemplated by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties outlined in greater detail in Part I, Item 1A of our 2018 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A Risk Factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 1 0-Q. W e undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statement for any reason, except as otherwise required by law.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK .

There have been no material changes in quantitative and qualitative market risk from the disclosures included in our 2018 Form 10-K .

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES .

The Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, with the assistance of other members of management, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 , that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

See Note 6, “ Litigation and Legal Proceedings ,” to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of legal proceedings, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Reference is made to Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” included in our 2018 Form 10-K for information concerning risk factors, which should be read in conjunction with the factors set forth in the Statement Pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 -- Forward-Looking Statements in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should carefully consider such factors, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the 2018 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information regarding the Company’s purchase of its common stock during the first quarter 2019 .



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (3)
January 1, 2019 - January 31, 2019	873,126	$	68.86	873,126	$	107,945,551
February 1, 2019 - February 28, 2019	249,477	$	70.20	249,477	$	90,428,107
March 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019	462,133	$	67.78	462,133	$	59,096,774
Total	1,584,736	$	68.75	1,584,736	$	59,096,774

(1) Total number of shares purchased during each period reflects share purchase transactions that were completed (i.e., settled) during the period indicated.

(2) Shares were purchased pursuant to the 2014 Repurchase Program, $300 million of which was authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors in June 2014, with an additional $100 million authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors in each of June 2015, September 2017, and December 2018, respectively. The 2014 Repurchase Program has no expiration date. The Company may repurchase shares under the 2014 Repurchase Program through open market purchases, pre-arranged trading plans, or privately negotiated purchases.

(3) Amounts shown in this column reflect the amounts remaining under the 2014 Repurchase Program.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

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Item 6. EXHIBITS.

The following is a list of exhibits filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:



Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description

31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.*

32.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.*

101		The following financial information from InterDigital, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 2, 2019, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language:

		(i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity at March 31, 2019, March 31, 2018, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

______________________________



*		This exhibit will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (15 U.S.C. 78r), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such exhibit will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or Securities Exchange Act, except to the extent that InterDigital, Inc. specifically incorporates it by reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	INTERDIGITAL, INC.

Date: May 2, 2019	/s/ WILLIAM J. MERRITT
	William J. Merritt
	President and Chief Executive Officer


Date: May 2, 2019	/s/ RICHARD J. BREZSKI
	Richard J. Brezski
	Chief Financial Officer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 32.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.* 32.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.*

IDCC 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2019

Exhibits