JPM 10-Q Quarterly Report March 31, 2016

JPM 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2016

JPMORGAN CHASE & CO

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10-Q 1 corpq12016.htm 10-Q 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934



For the quarterly period ended	Commission file
March 31, 2016	number 1-5805

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	13-2624428
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. employer identification no.)

270 Park Avenue, New York, New York	10017
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 270-6000

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.



x Yes	o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).



x Yes	o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer o

Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) o	Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).



o Yes	x No

Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2016 : 3,656,658,925

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS



Part I - Financial information		Page
Item 1	Consolidated Financial Statements – JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
	Consolidated statements of income (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	71
	Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	72
	Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) at March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015	73
	Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	74
	Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	75
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	76
	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	149
	Consolidated Average Balance Sheets, Interest and Rates (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	150
	Glossary of Terms and Line of Business Metrics	151
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:
	Consolidated Financial Highlights	3
	Introduction	4
	Executive Overview	5
	Consolidated Results of Operations	8
	Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis	10
	Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements	12
	Consolidated Cash Flows Analysis	13
	Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures	14
	Business Segment Results	16
	Enterprise-Wide Risk Management	30
	Credit Risk Management	31
	Market Risk Management	48
	Country Risk Management	52
	Operational Risk Management	53
	Capital Management	54
	Liquidity Risk Management	61
	Supervision and Regulation	65
	Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm	66
	Accounting and Reporting Developments	68
	Forward-Looking Statements	70
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	158
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	158
Part II - Other information
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	158
Item 1A	Risk Factors	158
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	158
Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	159
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosure	159
Item 5	Other Information	159
Item 6	Exhibits	159

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Consolidated financial highlights



(unaudited) As of or for the period ended, (in millions, except share, ratio, headcount data and where otherwise noted)
	1Q16			4Q15			3Q15			2Q15			1Q15
Selected income statement data
Total net revenue	$	23,239		$	22,885		$	22,780		$	23,812		$	24,066
Total noninterest expense	13,837			14,263			15,368			14,500			14,883
Pre-provision profit	9,402			8,622			7,412			9,312			9,183
Provision for credit losses	1,824			1,251			682			935			959
Income before income tax expense	7,578			7,371			6,730			8,377			8,224
Income tax expense/(benefit)	2,058			1,937			(74		)	2,087			2,310
Net income	$	5,520		$	5,434		$	6,804		$	6,290		$	5,914
Earnings per share data
Net income: Basic	$	1.36		$	1.34		$	1.70		$	1.56		$	1.46
Diluted	1.35			1.32			1.68			1.54			1.45
Average shares: Basic	3,669.9			3,674.2			3,694.4			3,707.8			3,725.3
Diluted	3,696.9			3,704.6			3,725.6			3,743.6			3,757.5
Market and per common share data
Market capitalization	216,547			241,899			224,438			250,581			224,818
Common shares at period-end	3,656.7			3,663.5			3,681.1			3,698.1			3,711.1
Share price ^(a) :
High	$	64.13		$	69.03		$	70.61		$	69.82		$	62.96
Low	52.50			58.53			50.07			59.65			54.27
Close	59.22			66.03			60.97			67.76			60.58
Book value per share	61.28			60.46			59.67			58.49			57.77
Tangible book value per share (“TBVPS”) ^(b)	48.96			48.13			47.36			46.13			45.45
Cash dividends declared per share	0.44			0.44			0.44			0.44			0.40
Selected ratios and metrics
Return on common equity (“ROE”)	9		%	9		%	12		%	11		%	11		%
Return on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”) ^(b)	12			11			15			14			14
Return on assets (“ROA”)	0.93			0.90			1.11			1.01			0.94
Overhead ratio	60			62			67			61			62
Loans-to-deposits ratio	64			65			64			61			56
High quality liquid assets (“HQLA”) (in billions) ^(c)	$	505		$	496		$	505		$	532		$	614
Common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio ^(d)	11.9		%	11.8		%	11.5%			11.2		%	10.7		%
Tier 1 capital ratio ^(d)	13.5			13.5			13.3			12.8			12.1
Total capital ratio ^(d)	15.1			15.1			14.9			14.4			13.6
Tier 1 leverage ratio ^(d)	8.6			8.5			8.4			8.0			7.5
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Trading assets	$	366,153		$	343,839		$	361,708		$	377,870		$	398,981
Securities	285,323			290,827			306,660			317,795			331,136
Loans	847,313			837,299			809,457			791,247			764,185
Core loans	746,196			732,093			698,988			674,767			641,285
Average Core loans	737,297			715,282			680,224			654,551			631,955
Total assets	2,423,808			2,351,698			2,416,635			2,449,098			2,576,619
Deposits	1,321,816			1,279,715			1,273,106			1,287,332			1,367,887
Long-term debt ^(e)	290,754			288,651			292,503			286,240			280,123
Common stockholders’ equity	224,089			221,505			219,660			216,287			214,371
Total stockholders’ equity	250,157			247,573			245,728			241,205			235,864
Headcount	237,420			234,598			235,678			237,459			241,145
Credit quality metrics
Allowance for credit losses	$	15,008		$	14,341		$	14,201		$	14,535		$	14,658
Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans	1.66%			1.63%			1.67%			1.78%			1.86%
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans excluding purchased credit-impaired loans ^(f)	1.40			1.37			1.40			1.45			1.52
Nonperforming assets	$	8,023		$	7,034		$	7,294		$	7,588		$	7,714
Net charge-offs	1,110			1,064			963			1,007			1,052
Net charge-off rate	0.53%			0.52%			0.49%			0.53%			0.57%

Note: Effective January 1, 2016, the Firm adopted new accounting guidance related to (1) the recognition and measurement of debit valuation adjustments (“DVA”) on financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected, and (2) the accounting for employee stock-based incentive payments. For additional information, see Accounting and Reporting Developments on page 68–69 and Notes 3 , 4 , and 19 .


(a)	Share prices shown for JPMorgan Chase’s common stock are from the New York Stock Exchange.


(b)	TBVPS and ROTCE are non-GAAP financial measures. For further discussion of these measures, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 14–15 .


(c)	HQLA represents the amount of assets that qualify for inclusion in the liquidity coverage ratio under the final U.S. rule (“U.S. LCR”). For additional information, see HQLA on page 61 .


(d)	Ratios presented are calculated under the Basel III Transitional capital rules and represent the Collins Floor. See Capital Management on pages 54–60 for additional information on Basel III.


(e)	Included unsecured long-term debt of $216.1 billion, $211.8 billion, $214.6 billion, $209.1 billion and $209.0 billion at March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015, September 30, 2015, June 30, 2015 and March 31, 2015, respectively.


(f)	Excluded the impact of residential real estate purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans, a non-GAAP financial measure. For further discussion of these measures, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 14–15 . For further discussion, see Allowance for credit losses on pages 45–47 .



INTRODUCTION

The following is management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) of the financial condition and results of operations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”) for the first quarter of 2016.

This Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with JPMorgan Chase’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 , filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“ 2015 Annual Report” or “ 2015 Form 10-K”), to which reference is hereby made. See the Glossary of terms on pages 151–157 for definitions of terms used throughout this Form 10-Q.

The MD&A included in this Form 10-Q contains statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. For a discussion of certain of those risks and uncertainties and the factors that could cause JPMorgan Chase’s actual results to differ materially because of those risks and uncertainties, see Forward-looking Statements on page 70 of this Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, on pages 8–18 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

JPMorgan Chase & Co., a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading global financial services firm and one of the largest banking institutions in the United States of America (“U.S.”), with operations worldwide; the Firm had $2.4 trillion in assets and $250.2 billion in stockholders’ equity as of March 31, 2016 . The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial

services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. Under the J.P. Morgan and Chase brands, the Firm serves millions of customers in the U.S. and many of the world’s most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients.

JPMorgan Chase’s principal bank subsidiaries are JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.”), a national banking association with U.S. branches in 23 states, and Chase Bank USA, National Association (“Chase Bank USA, N.A.”), a national banking association that is the Firm’s credit card-issuing bank. JPMorgan Chase’s principal nonbank subsidiary is J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“JPMorgan Securities”), the Firm’s U.S. investment banking firm. The bank and nonbank subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase operate nationally as well as through overseas branches and subsidiaries, representative offices and subsidiary foreign banks. One of the Firm’s principal operating subsidiaries in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) is J.P. Morgan Securities plc, a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

For management reporting purposes, the Firm’s activities are organized into four major reportable business segments, as well as a Corporate segment. The Firm’s consumer business is the Consumer & Community Banking (“CCB”) segment. The Firm’s wholesale business segments are Corporate & Investment Bank (“CIB”), Commercial Banking (“CB”), and Asset Management (“AM”). For a description of the Firm’s business segments, and the products and services they provide to their respective client bases, refer to Note 33 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

This executive overview of the MD&A highlights selected information and may not contain all of the information that is important to readers of this Form 10-Q. For a complete description of the trends and uncertainties, as well as the risks and critical accounting estimates affecting the Firm and its various lines of business, this Form 10-Q should be read in its entirety.



Financial performance of JPMorgan Chase
(unaudited) As of or for the period ended,	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share data and ratios)	2016			2015			Change
Selected income statement data
Total net revenue	$	23,239		$	24,066		(3	)%
Total noninterest expense	13,837			14,883			(7	)
Pre-provision profit	9,402			9,183			2
Provision for credit losses	1,824			959			90
Net income	5,520			5,914			(7	)
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.35		$	1.45		(7	)%
Return on common equity	9		%	11		%
Capital ratios ^(a)
CET1	11.9			10.7
Tier 1 capital	13.5			12.1


(a)	Ratios presented are calculated under the transitional Basel III rules and represent the Collins Floor. See Capital Management on pages 54–60 for additional information on Basel III.

Business Overview

JPMorgan Chase reported first-quarter 2016 net income of $5.5 billion, or $1.35 per share, on net revenue of $23.2 billion. The Firm reported a return on equity of 9%.

Net income decreased 7% compared with the first quarter of 2015, reflecting higher provision for credit losses and lower net revenue, largely offset by lower noninterest expense. Total net revenue was $23.2 billion, down 3% compared with the prior year primarily reflecting the impact of the challenging market environment on the results of the CIB and AM. The largest drivers of the declines were lower Fixed Income Markets revenue and lower investment banking fees in CIB, in both cases versus strong performance in the prior year; and lower asset management fees in AM. These factors were partially offset by higher net interest income across the businesses, primarily driven by loan growth and the impact of higher rates on deposits with banks, partially offset by lower investment securities balances.

Noninterest expense was $13.8 billion, down 7% compared with the prior year, driven by lower legal and CIB performance-based compensation expense.

The provision for credit losses was $1.8 billion, compared with $959 million in the prior year, predominantly due to increases in the wholesale allowance for credit losses versus a reduction in the consumer allowance for credit losses in

the prior-year quarter. The current quarter reflected an increase in the wholesale allowance for credit losses of $713 million primarily driven by downgrades, including $529 million in the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines portfolios, and $162 million in the Metals & Mining portfolio.

The total allowance for credit losses was $15.0 billion. At the end of the first quarter of 2016, the Firm had a loan loss coverage ratio of 1.40%, excluding the PCI portfolio, compared with 1.52% in the prior-year quarter. The Firm’s allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans, excluding the PCI portfolio and credit card, was 107%, compared with 106% in the prior-year quarter. The Firm’s nonperforming assets totaled $8.0 billion, up from the prior quarter and prior year levels of $7.0 billion and $7.7 billion, respectively.

Firmwide average core loans increased 17% compared with the prior-year quarter and 3% compared with the fourth quarter of 2015. Within CCB, average core loans were up 25% over the prior-year quarter. CCB had record growth in average deposits of $50 billion, up 10% over the prior-year quarter. Credit card sales volume was up 8% and merchant processing volume was up 12% from the prior-year quarter. CCB had nearly 24 million active mobile customers in the first quarter of 2016, up 19% over the prior-year quarter.

CIB maintained its #1 ranking for Global Investment Banking fees with an 8.2% fee share for the first quarter of 2016. The business also had the #1 wallet share in North America, Europe, Middle East and Africa, and Latin America in the first quarter of 2016. Within CB, average loans were up 13% from the prior year and the business reported its thirteenth consecutive quarter of single-digit net charge-off rates or net recoveries. AM average loans were up 7% over the prior-year quarter and 80% of mutual fund assets under management (“AUM”) ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartiles over the past five years. For a detailed discussion of results by line of business, refer to the Business Segment Results section beginning on page 16 .

The Firm maintained its fortress balance sheet and added to its capital, ending the first quarter of 2016 with a tangible book value per share of $48.96, up 8% over the prior-year quarter. The Firm’s estimated Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In CET1 capital and ratio were $176 billion and 11.7%, respectively. The Firm’s Fully Phased-In supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”) was 6.6% and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s Fully Phased-In SLR was 6.7% at March 31, 2016. The Firm was also compliant with the Fully Phased-In U.S. liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”) and had $505 billion of HQLA as of March 31, 2016. Tangible book value per share and each of these Fully Phased-In capital and leverage measures are non-GAAP financial measures and are used by management, bank regulators, investors and analysts to assess and monitor the Firm’s capital position and liquidity. For further discussion of Basel III

Advanced Fully Phased-In measures and the SLR under the U.S. final SLR rule, see Capital Management on pages 54–60 , and for further discussion of LCR and HQLA, see Liquidity Risk Management on pages 61–65 .

JPMorgan Chase continues to support consumers, businesses and communities around the globe. The Firm provided credit and raised capital of $496 billion for commercial and consumer clients during the first three months of 2016. This included providing $160 billion of credit to corporations, $59 billion to consumers, and $6 billion to U.S. small businesses. During the first three months of 2016, the Firm also raised $251 billion of capital for corporate clients and non-U.S. government entities, and $20 billion of credit was provided to, and capital was raised for, nonprofit and U.S. government entities, including states, municipalities, hospitals and universities.

Regulatory and business developments

In March 2016, the Basel Committee proposed revisions to the operational and credit risk capital frameworks of Basel III and in April 2016, proposed a recalibration of the leverage ratio, changes to the definition of defaulted assets and finalized the treatment of interest rate risk in the banking book. As these proposals are finalized by the Basel Committee, U.S. banking regulators will propose requirements applicable to U.S. financial institutions. In March 2016, the Federal Reserve Board released a revised proposal to establish single-counterparty credit limits (“SCCL”) for large U.S. bank holding companies and foreign banking organizations. Comments on the proposal are due June 3, 2016. The Firm continues to assess the impacts as the proposed rules are finalized and will make appropriate adjustments to its businesses in response to these and other ongoing developments in regulatory requirements.

On April 6, 2016, the U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) issued its final “fiduciary” rule. The rule will make many of the investment, rollover and asset management recommendations from broker-dealers, banks and other financial institutions to clients regarding their individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and other retirement accounts fiduciary “investment advice” under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"), as amended. Among the most significant impacts of the rule and related prohibited transaction exemptions will be the impact on the fee and compensation practices at financial institutions and on certain fee and revenue sharing arrangements among funds, fund sponsors and the financial institutions that offer investment advice to retail retirement clients. The related exemptions may require new client contracts, “impartial conduct” standards (including a requirement to act in the “best interest” of retirement clients) and policies and procedures, websites and other disclosures to both investors and the DOL. The Firm believes it will be able to conform its business practices to meet the requirements of the new rule and exemptions within the prescribed time periods.

On April 13, 2016, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) jointly announced determinations and provided firm-specific feedback on the 2015 resolution plans of eight systemically important domestic banking institutions, including the Firm. The FDIC and Federal Reserve jointly determined that the 2015 resolution plan of the Firm, along with the 2015 resolution plans of four other U.S. banking institutions, was not credible or would not facilitate an orderly resolution under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, as provided under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), because the plan contained certain deficiencies identified by the two agencies. If the Firm does not adequately remediate the identified deficiencies in its plan by October 1, 2016, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve may impose more stringent prudential requirements on the Firm, including more stringent capital, leverage, or liquidity requirements, as well as restrictions on the growth, activities, or operations of the Firm, or its subsidiaries. The FDIC and the Federal Reserve also identified certain shortcomings in the Firm’s 2015 resolution plan which must be satisfactorily addressed in the Firm’s resolution plan due on July 1, 2017. The Firm is committed to meeting the regulators’ expectations and fully remediating the identified deficiencies and shortcomings within the prescribed deadlines.

Many international banks, including the Firm, operate substantial parts of their European Union business from subsidiaries based in the United Kingdom. On June 23, 2016, the U.K. will conduct a referendum on whether the country should remain part of the European Union. If the U.K. leaves the European Union, the regulatory and legal environment that would exist, and to which the Firm’s U.K. operations would be subject, will depend on the nature of the transitional arrangements agreed following the referendum. These arrangements are hard to predict, but currently the Firm does not believe any of the likely identified transitional scenarios would threaten the viability of the Firm’s business units in the European Union or in the U.K. However, it is possible that under some scenarios, changes to the Firm’s legal entity structure would be required, which might result in a less efficient operating model across the Firm’s European legal entities.

2016 Business outlook

These current expectations are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties could cause the Firm’s actual results to differ materially from those set forth in such forward-looking statements. See Forward-Looking Statements on page 70 of this Form 10-Q and Risk Factors on pages 8–18 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. There is no assurance that actual results for the second quarter or full year of 2016 will be in line with the outlook set forth below, and the Firm does not undertake to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date hereof.

JPMorgan Chase’s outlook for the remainder of 2016 should be viewed against the backdrop of the global and U.S. economies, financial markets activity, the geopolitical environment, the competitive environment, client activity levels, and regulatory and legislative developments in the U.S. and other countries where the Firm does business. Each of these interrelated factors will affect the performance of the Firm and its lines of business. The Firm expects it will continue to make appropriate adjustments to its businesses and operations in response to ongoing developments in the legal and regulatory, as well as business and economic, environment in which it operates.

Assuming there are no changes in interest rates during 2016, management expects full-year 2016 net interest income could be over $2 billion higher compared to 2015 levels, reflecting the Federal Reserve’s rate increase in December 2015 and anticipated loan growth.

Management also expects managed noninterest revenue of approximately $50 billion in 2016, although actual results will depend on market conditions. The expected decline from 2015 is primarily driven by lower Card revenue reflecting renegotiated co-brand partnership agreements and lower noninterest revenue in Mortgage Banking.

Management expects core loan growth of approximately 10%-15% in 2016 as well as continued growth in retail deposits; these two factors are anticipated to increase the Firm’s average balance sheet to approximately $2.45 trillion in 2016.

The Firm continues to experience charge-offs at levels lower than its through-the-cycle expectations reflecting favorable credit trends across the consumer and wholesale portfolios, excluding the Oil & Gas and Metals & Mining portfolios. Management expects total net charge-offs of up to approximately $4.75 billion in 2016, with the increase from 2015 levels driven by loan growth as well as higher charge-offs in the Oil & Gas portfolio.

The Firm continues to take a disciplined approach to managing its expenses, while investing in growth and innovation. The Firm intends to leverage its scale and improve its operating efficiencies, in order to reinvest its expense savings in additional technology and marketing investments and fund other growth initiatives. As a result, Firmwide adjusted expense in 2016 is expected to be approximately $56 billion (excluding Firmwide legal expense).

In Mortgage Banking within CCB, management expects

net charge-offs to be approximately $60 million per quarter in 2016. The Card net charge-off rate is expected to be approximately 2.50% in 2016.

In CIB, management expects Securities Services revenue to be approximately $875 million per quarter for the remainder of 2016, depending on market conditions.

In CB, management expects second quarter 2016 revenue to increase modestly over the prior quarter and noninterest expense to be approximately $725 million. Additionally, management expects pre-provision net revenue to be relatively flat compared with the first quarter of 2016.

In AM, management expects second quarter 2016 revenue to be less than or equal to approximately $3 billion, depending on market conditions.



CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This section provides a comparative discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Results of Operations on a reported basis for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , unless otherwise specified. Factors that relate primarily to a single business segment are discussed in more detail within that business segment. For a discussion of the Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm that affect the Consolidated Results of Operations, see pages 66–67 of this Form 10-Q and pages 165–169 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



Revenue
	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015		Change
Investment banking fees	$	1,333	$	1,794	(26	)%
Principal transactions	2,679		3,655		(27	)
Lending- and deposit-related fees	1,403		1,363		3
Asset management, administration and commissions	3,624		3,807		(5	)
Securities gains	51		52		(2	)
Mortgage fees and related income	667		705		(5	)
Card income	1,301		1,431		(9	)
Other income ^(a)	801		582		38
Noninterest revenue	11,859		13,389		(11	)
Net interest income	11,380		10,677		7
Total net revenue	$	23,239	$	24,066	(3)%


(a)	Included operating lease income of $615 million and $469 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively,

Total net revenue was down by 3% primarily reflecting the impact of the challenging market environment on the results of CIB and AM. The decline was largely driven by lower Fixed Income Markets revenue and lower investment banking fees in CIB, in both cases versus strong performance in the prior year; and lower asset management fees in AM. These factors were partially offset by higher net interest income across the businesses.

Investment banking fees decreased reflecting lower debt and equity underwriting fees, partially offset by higher advisory fees. The decrease in debt and equity underwriting fees was driven by lower industry-wide fee levels and, for debt underwriting fees, fewer large acquisition finance deals. The increase in advisory fees was driven by a greater share of fees for completed transactions. For additional information on investment banking fees, see CIB segment results on pages 21–24 , CB segment results on pages 25–26 and Note 6 .

Principal transactions revenue decreased predominantly reflecting the challenging market environment, which included significant volatility, global macro uncertainty and widening credit spreads, resulting in lower revenue in CIB. In contrast, the prior year results were driven by robust client activity resulting from macroeconomic events and conditions, including quantitative easing actions of various central banks. For additional information on principal transactions revenue, see CIB and Corporate segment results on pages 21–24 and page 29 , respectively, and

Note 6 .

Asset management, administration and commissions revenue decreased largely reflecting the impact of the challenging market environment. For additional information on these fees and commissions, see the segment discussions of CCB on pages 17–20 , AM on pages 27–28 , and Note 6 .

Mortgage fees and related income decreased due to lower servicing and net production revenue, predominantly offset by higher mortgage servicing rights (“MSR”) risk management results. For further information on mortgage fees and related income, see the segment discussion of CCB on pages 17–20 and Note 16 .

For additional information on lending- and deposit-related fees, see the segment results for CCB on pages 17–20 , CIB on pages 21–24 , and CB on pages 25–26 ; and card income, see CCB segment results on pages 17–20 .

Other income increased reflecting a gain on the sale of an asset in AM and higher operating lease income as a result of growth in auto operating leased assets in CCB, and the impact of a loss recorded in the prior year related to the accelerated amortization of cash flow hedges associated with the exit of certain non-operating deposits.

Net interest income increased as a result of loan growth in each of the businesses and higher rates on deposits with banks, partially offset by lower investment securities balances. The Firm’s average interest-earning assets and net interest yield, on a fully taxable equivalent (“FTE”) basis, were $2.0 trillion and 2.30% (an increase of 23 basis points), respectively.



Provision for credit losses
	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015		Change
Consumer, excluding credit card	$	221	$	142	56	%
Credit card	830		789		5	%
Total consumer	1,051		931		13	%
Wholesale	773		28		NM
Total provision for credit losses	$	1,824	$	959	90	%

The provision for credit losses increased as a result of additions to the wholesale allowance for credit losses of $713 million, primarily driven by downgrades in the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines portfolios ($529 million), and in the Metals & Mining portfolio ($162 million), as well as due to an increase in the consumer provision as the prior year included a reduction in the allowance for loan losses. For a more detailed discussion of the credit portfolio and the allowance for credit losses, see the segment discussions of CCB on pages 17–20 , CIB on pages 21–24 , CB on pages 25–26 , and the Allowance for credit losses on pages 45–47 .



Noninterest expense
	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015		Change
Compensation expense	$	7,660	$	8,043	(5	)%
Noncompensation expense:
Occupancy	883		933		(5	)
Technology, communications and equipment	1,618		1,491		9
Professional and outside services	1,548		1,634		(5	)
Marketing	703		591		19
Other expense ^(a)(b)	1,425		2,191		(35	)
Total noncompensation expense	6,177		6,840		(10	)
Total noninterest expense	$	13,837	$	14,883	(7	)%


(a)	Included firmwide legal expense of $687 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 ; legal expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was not material.


(b)	Included Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-related (“FDIC”) expense of $269 million and $318 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.

Total noninterest expense decreased by 7% driven by lower legal expense and lower performance-based compensation expense, partially offset by incremental investments and growth in the businesses.

Compensation expense decreased predominantly driven by lower performance-based compensation and lower headcount in certain businesses.

Noncompensation expense decreased as a result of lower legal expense, partially offset by higher depreciation expense as a result of growth in auto operating leased assets, higher investments in marketing in CCB, and the impact of a benefit recorded in the prior year from a franchise tax settlement. For a further discussion of legal expense, see Note 23 .



Income tax expense
(in millions, except rate)	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except rate)	2016			2015			Change
Income before income tax expense	$	7,578		$	8,224		(8	)%
Income tax expense	2,058			2,310			(11	)
Effective tax rate	27.2		%	28.1		%

The effective tax rate decreased due to the adoption of new accounting guidance related to employee stock-based incentive payments, and the change in mix of income and expense subject to U.S. federal, state and local taxes, partially offset by lower tax benefits from audit settlements. For additional details on the impact of the new accounting guidance, see Accounting and Reporting Developments on page 68–69 .



CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ANALYSIS

Consolidated balance sheets overvie w

The following is a discussion of the significant changes between March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .



Selected Consolidated balance sheets data
(in millions)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Change
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	18,212		$	20,490		(11	)%
Deposits with banks	360,196			340,015			6
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	223,220			212,575			5
Securities borrowed	102,937			98,721			4
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments	295,944			284,162			4
Derivative receivables	70,209			59,677			18
Securities	285,323			290,827			(2	)
Loans	847,313			837,299			1
Allowance for loan losses	(13,994		)	(13,555		)	3
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	833,319			823,744			1
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	57,649			46,605			24
Premises and equipment	14,195			14,362			(1	)
Goodwill	47,310			47,325			—
Mortgage servicing rights	5,658			6,608			(14	)
Other intangible assets	940			1,015			(7	)
Other assets	108,696			105,572			3
Total assets	$	2,423,808		$	2,351,698		3

Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks

The net increase was primarily due to growth in deposits. The Firm’s excess cash is placed with various central banks, predominantly Federal Reserve Banks.

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements

The increase was due to a higher demand for securities to cover short positions related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB. For additional information on the Firm’s Liquidity Risk Management, see pages 61–65 .

Trading assets and liabilities –

debt and equity instruments

The increase in trading assets and liabilities was predominantly related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB. The increase in trading assets reflected higher debt instruments, partially offset by lower equity instruments. The increase in trading liabilities reflected higher levels of short positions in debt and equity instruments. For additional information, refer to Note 3 .

Trading assets and liabilities – derivative receivables and payables

The increase in derivative receivables and payables was predominantly related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB, which resulted in higher interest rate and foreign exchange derivative receivables and payables, driven by market movements. For additional information, refer to Derivative contracts on page 43 , and Notes 3 and 5 .

Loans and allowance for loan losses

The increase in loans was driven by the wholesale business’s strong originations of commercial and industrial, and real estate loans, particularly in CB, and higher retention of originated high-quality mortgages, partially offset by seasonal declines in credit card loans, both in CCB.

The increase in the allowance for loan losses was attributable to additions to the wholesale allowance, reflecting downgrades in the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines portfolios, and in the Metals & Mining portfolio. The consumer allowances were relatively unchanged reflecting stable credit quality trends and, for the consumer, excluding credit card, allowance in particular, improved credit quality of the loan portfolio, primarily driven by originations of high-quality mortgages and the run-off of lower-quality legacy portfolios. For a more detailed discussion of loans and the allowance for loan losses, refer to Credit Risk Management on pages 31–47 , and Notes 3 , 4 , 13 and 14 .

Accrued interest and accounts receivable

The increase was driven by higher unsettled securities transactions and higher customer receivables related to client activity in CIB.

Mortgage servicing rights

For additional information on MSRs, see Note 16 .



Selected Consolidated balance sheets data (continued)
(in millions)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Change
Liabilities
Deposits	$	1,321,816	$	1,279,715	3
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	160,999		152,678		5
Commercial paper	17,490		15,562		12
Other borrowed funds	19,703		21,105		(7	)
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments	87,963		74,107		19
Derivative payables	59,319		52,790		12
Accounts payable and other liabilities	176,934		177,638		—
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities (“VIE”)	38,673		41,879		(8	)
Long-term debt	290,754		288,651		1
Total liabilities	2,173,651		2,104,125		3
Stockholders’ equity	250,157		247,573		1
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,423,808	$	2,351,698	3	%

Deposits

The increase was attributable to higher consumer and wholesale deposits. Consumer deposits increased reflecting seasonal factors and continued growth from new and existing customers. Wholesale deposits increased reflecting growth in client activity. For more information on deposits, refer to the CCB, CIB, CB and AM segment discussions on pages 17–20 , pages 21–24 , pages 25–26 , and pages 27–28 , respectively; the Liquidity Risk Management discussion on pages 61–65 ; and Notes 3 and 17 .

Stockholders’ equity

The increase was due to net income, partially offset by cash dividends on common and preferred stock and repurchases of common stock. For additional information on changes in stockholders’ equity, see page 74 , and on the Firm’s capital actions, see Capital actions on pages 59–60 .



OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the normal course of business, the Firm enters into various contractual obligations that may require future cash payments. Certain obligations are recognized on-balance sheet, while others are off-balance sheet under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). The Firm is involved with several types of off–balance sheet arrangements, including through nonconsolidated special-purpose entities (“SPEs”), which are a type of VIE, and through lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees). For further discussion, see Note 21 of this Form 10-Q and Off–Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Cash Obligations on pages 77–78 and Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Special-purpose entities

The most common type of VIE is an SPE. SPEs are commonly used in securitization transactions in order to isolate certain assets and distribute the cash flows from those assets to investors. SPEs are an important part of the financial markets, including the mortgage- and asset-backed securities and commercial paper markets, as they provide market liquidity by facilitating investors’ access to specific portfolios of assets and risks. The Firm holds capital, as deemed appropriate, against all SPE-related transactions and related exposures, such as derivative transactions and lending-related commitments and guarantees. For further information on the types of SPEs, see Note 15 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 1 and Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Implications of a credit rating downgrade to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

For certain liquidity commitments to SPEs, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., could be required to provide funding if its short-term credit rating were downgraded below specific levels, primarily “P-1,” “A-1” and “F1” for Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s and Fitch, respectively. These liquidity commitments support the issuance of asset-backed commercial paper by Firm-administered consolidated SPEs. In the event of a short-term credit rating downgrade, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., absent other solutions, would be required to provide funding to the SPE if the commercial paper could not be reissued as it matured. The aggregate amounts of

commercial paper outstanding held by third parties as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , was $5.3 billion and $8.7 billion , respectively. The aggregate amounts of commercial paper issued by these SPEs could increase in future periods should clients of the Firm-administered consolidated SPEs draw down on certain unfunded lending-related commitments. These unfunded lending-related commitments were $8.6 billion and $5.6 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively. The Firm could facilitate the refinancing of some of the clients’ assets in order to reduce the funding obligation. For further information, see the discussion of Firm-administered multiseller conduits in Note 15 .

The Firm also acts as liquidity provider for certain municipal bond vehicles. The Firm’s obligation to perform as liquidity provider is conditional and is limited by certain termination events, which include bankruptcy or failure to pay by the municipal bond issuer and any credit enhancement provider, an event of taxability on the municipal bonds or the immediate downgrade of the municipal bond to below investment grade. See Note 15 for additional information.

Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees, and other commitments

JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the counterparty draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the counterparty subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees expire without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its actual future credit exposure or funding requirements. For further discussion of lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments, and the Firm’s accounting for them, see Lending-related commitments on page 43 and Note 21 (including the table that presents the related amounts by contractual maturity as of March 31, 2016 ). For a discussion of liabilities associated with loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications, see Note 21 .



CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS ANALYSIS

For a discussion of the activities affecting the Firm’s cash flows, see Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 10–11 of this Form 10-Q and page 75 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



(in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
Net cash provided by/(used in)
Operating activities	$	(21,383	)	$	14,879
Investing activities	(34,581		)	(24,150		)
Financing activities	53,584			4,337
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	102			(76		)
Net decrease in cash and due from banks	$	(2,278	)	$	(5,010	)

Operating activities

Operating assets and liabilities can vary significantly in the normal course of business due to the amount and timing of cash flows, which are affected by client-driven and risk management activities and market conditions. The Firm believes cash flows from operations, available cash balances and its capacity to generate cash through secured and unsecured sources are sufficient to meet the Firm’s operating liquidity needs.

Cash used in operating activities in 2016 resulted from an increase in accrued interest and accounts receivables due to higher unsettled securities transactions, and higher brokerage customer receivables related to client activity in CIB. Additionally, in 2016, cash used reflected an increase in trading assets, which was largely offset by cash provided by trading liabilities, predominantly due to client-driven market-making activities in CIB. In 2016 and 2015, cash was provided by net income after noncash operating adjustments; and higher net proceeds from loan securitizations and sales activities. In 2015, cash proceeds were partially offset by an increase in other assets resulting from higher cash margin balances placed with exchanges and clearing houses.

Investing activities

Cash used in investing activities during 2016 and 2015 resulted from increases in deposits with banks which were placed with various central banks, predominantly Federal Reserve Banks, and cash used for net originations of consumer and wholesale loans. Additionally, in 2016, cash outflows reflected a net increase in securities purchased under resale agreements due to a higher demand for securities to cover short positions related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB. Partially offsetting these cash outflows in both periods were proceeds from net maturities and sales of investment securities.

Financing activities

Cash provided by financing activities in 2016 resulted from higher consumer and wholesale deposits. Consumer deposits increased reflecting seasonal factors and continued growth from new and existing customers. Wholesale deposits increased reflecting growth in client activity. Cash provided by financing activities in 2015 resulted from higher consumer deposits partially offset by lower wholesale deposits and lower commercial paper issuances. In 2015 cash was also provided by net proceeds from long-term borrowings. For both periods, cash was used for repurchases of common stock and dividends on common and preferred stock.

* * *

For a further discussion of the activities affecting the Firm’s cash flows, see Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 10–11 , Capital Management on pages 54–60 , and Liquidity Risk Management on pages 61–65 .

EXPLANATION AND RECONCILIATION OF THE FIRM’S USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The Firm prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements using U.S. GAAP; these financial statements appear on pages 71–75 . That presentation, which is referred to as “reported” basis, provides the reader with an understanding of the Firm’s results that can be tracked consistently from year-to-year and enables a comparison of the Firm’s performance with other companies’ U.S. GAAP financial statements.

In addition to analyzing the Firm’s results on a reported basis, management reviews the Firm’s results, including the overhead ratio and the results of the lines of business, on a “managed” basis, which are non-GAAP financial measures. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm (and each of the reportable business segments) on an FTE basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the

managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. This non-GAAP financial measure allows management to assess the comparability of revenue from year-to-year arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense. These adjustments have no impact on net income as reported by the Firm as a whole or by the lines of business.

Management also uses certain non-GAAP financial measures at the business-segment level, because it believes these other non-GAAP financial measures provide information to investors about the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and, therefore, facilitate a comparison of the business segment with the performance of its competitors. Non-GAAP financial measures used by the Firm may not be comparable to similarly named non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.

The following summary table provides a reconciliation from the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results to managed basis.



	Three months ended March 31,
	2016								2015
(in millions, except ratios)	Reported results			Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments ^(a)		Managed basis			Reported results			Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments ^(a)		Managed basis
Other income	$	801		$	551	$	1,352		$	582		$	481	$	1,063
Total noninterest revenue	11,859			551		12,410			13,389			481		13,870
Net interest income	11,380			293		11,673			10,677			273		10,950
Total net revenue	23,239			844		24,083			24,066			754		24,820
Pre-provision profit	9,402			844		10,246			9,183			754		9,937
Income before income tax expense	7,578			844		8,422			8,224			754		8,978
Income tax expense/(benefit)	$	2,058		$	844	$	2,902		$	2,310		$	754	$	3,064
Overhead ratio	60		%	NM		57		%	62		%	NM		60		%

(a) Predominantly recognized in CIB and CB business segments and Corporate.

Tangible common equity (“TCE”), ROTCE and TBVPS are each non-GAAP financial measures. TCE represents the Firm’s common stockholders’ equity (i.e., total stockholders’ equity less preferred stock) less goodwill and identifiable intangible assets (other than MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities. ROTCE measures the Firm’s earnings as a percentage of average TCE. TBVPS represents the Firm’s TCE at period-end divided by common shares at period-end. TCE, ROTCE, and TBVPS are meaningful to the Firm, as well

as investors and analysts, in assessing the Firm’s use of equity.

Additionally, certain credit, liquidity and capital metrics and ratios disclosed by the Firm are non-GAAP measures. For additional information on these non-GAAP measures, see Credit Risk Management on pages 31–47 , and Capital Management on pages 54–60 .



Tangible common equity	Period-end				Average
(in millions, except per share and ratio data)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share and ratio data)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		2016			2015
Common stockholders’ equity	$	224,089	$	221,505	$	221,561		$	212,352
Less: Goodwill	47,310		47,325		47,332			47,491
Less: Certain identifiable intangible assets	940		1,015		985			1,162
Add: Deferred tax liabilities ^(a)	3,205		3,148		3,177			2,862
Tangible common equity	$	179,044	$	176,313	$	176,421		$	166,561

Return on tangible common equity	NA		NA		12		%	14		%
Tangible book value per share	$	48.96	$	48.13	NA			NA


(a)	Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating TCE.

Net interest income excluding markets-based activities

In addition to reviewing net interest income on a managed basis, management also reviews net interest income excluding CIB’s markets-based activities to assess the performance of the Firm’s lending, investing (including asset-liability management) and deposit-raising activities. The data presented below are non-GAAP financial measures due to the exclusion of CIB’s markets-based net interest income and related assets. Management believes this exclusion provides investors and analysts with another measure by which to analyze the non-market-related business trends of the Firm and provides a comparable measure to other financial institutions that are primarily focused on lending, investing and deposit-raising activities.



Net interest income excluding CIB markets-based activities data
	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except rates)	2016			2015			Change
Net interest income – managed basis ^(a)(b)	$	11,673		$	10,950		7	%
Less: Markets-based net interest income	1,378			1,259			9
Net interest income excluding markets ^(a)	$	10,295		$	9,691		6

Average interest-earning assets	$	2,043,983		$	2,148,801		(5	)
Less: Average markets-based interest-earning assets	487,833			509,714			(4	)
Average interest-earning assets excluding markets	$	1,556,150		$	1,639,087		(5	)%
Net interest yield on average interest-earning assets – managed basis	2.30		%	2.07		%
Net interest yield on average markets-based interest-earning assets	1.14			1.00
Net interest yield on average interest-earning assets excluding markets	2.66		%	2.40		%


(a)	Interest includes the effect of related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.


(b)	For a reconciliation of net interest income on a reported and managed basis, see reconciliation from the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results to managed basis on page 14

Quarterly results

Net interest income excluding CIB’s markets-based activities increased by $604 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared with the prior year as a result of loan growth in each of the businesses and higher rates on deposits with banks, partially offset by lower investment securities balances. Average interest-earning assets excluding assets related to CIB’s markets-based activities for the three months ended March 31, 2016, decreased $83 billion to $1.6 trillion; this decrease primarily reflected the impact of lower deposits with banks and lower investment securities balances, partially offset by higher loan balances. The net interest yield excluding CIB’s markets-based activities for the three months ended March 31, 2016, increased 26 bps to 2.66%.



BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS

The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Results of these lines of business are presented on a managed basis. For a definition of managed basis, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures, on pages 14–15 .

Description of business segment reporting methodology

Results of the business segments are intended to reflect each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. The management reporting process that derives business segment results allocates income and expense using

market-based methodologies. The Firm also assesses the level of capital required for each line of business on at least an annual basis. For further information about line of business capital, see Line of business equity on page 58 .

The Firm periodically assesses the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, and further refinements may be implemented in future periods.

For a further discussion of those methodologies, see Business Segment Results – Description of business segment reporting methodology on pages 83–84 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

The following discussions of the business segment results are based on a comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2016 versus the corresponding period in the prior year, unless otherwise specified.

Segment Results – Managed basis

The following tables summarize the business segment results for the periods indicated.



Three months ended March 31,	Total net revenue							Total noninterest expense						Pre-provision profit/(loss)
(in millions)	2016		2015			Change		2016		2015		Change		2016			2015			Change
Consumer & Community Banking	$	11,117	$	10,704		4%		$	6,088	$	6,190	(2)%		$	5,029		$	4,514		11%
Corporate & Investment Bank	8,135		9,582			(15	)	4,808		5,657		(15	)	3,327			3,925			(15	)
Commercial Banking	1,803		1,742			4		713		709		1		1,090			1,033			6
Asset Management	2,972		3,005			(1	)	2,075		2,175		(5	)	897			830			8
Corporate	56		(213		)	NM		153		152		1		(97		)	(365		)	73
Total	$	24,083	$	24,820		(3)%		$	13,837	$	14,883	(7)%		$	10,246		$	9,937		3%



Three months ended March 31,	Provision for credit losses								Net income/(loss)							Return on common equity
(in millions, except ratios)	2016			2015			Change		2016			2015		Change		2016		2015
Consumer & Community Banking	$	1,050		$	930		13	%	$	2,490		$	2,219	12%		19	%	17	%
Corporate & Investment Bank	459			(31		)	NM		1,979			2,537		(22	)	11		16
Commercial Banking	304			61			398		496			598		(17	)	11		17
Asset Management	13			4			225		587			502		17		25		22
Corporate	(2		)	(5		)	60		(32		)	58		NM		NM		NM
Total	$	1,824		$	959		90	%	$	5,520		$	5,914	(7)%		9%		11	%



CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING

For a discussion of the business profile of CCB, see pages 85–93 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on page 155 .



Selected income statement data
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios and headcount)	2016			2015			Change
Revenue
Lending- and deposit-related fees	$	769		$	718		7	%
Asset management, administration and commissions	530			530			—
Mortgage fees and related income	667			704			(5	)
Card income	1,191			1,324			(10	)
All other income	649			460			41
Noninterest revenue	3,806			3,736			2
Net interest income	7,311			6,968			5
Total net revenue	11,117			10,704			4

Provision for credit losses	1,050			930			13

Noninterest expense
Compensation expense	2,382			2,530			(6	)
Noncompensation expense	3,706			3,660			1
Total noninterest expense ^(a)	6,088			6,190			(2	)
Income before income tax expense	3,979			3,584			11
Income tax expense	1,489			1,365			9
Net income	$	2,490		$	2,219		12

Revenue by line of business
Consumer & Business Banking	$	4,550		$	4,358		4
Mortgage Banking	1,876			1,749			7
Card, Commerce Solutions & Auto	4,691			4,597			2	%
Financial ratios
Return on common equity	19		%	17		%
Overhead ratio	55			58

Note: In the discussion and the tables which follow, CCB presents certain financial measures which exclude the impact of PCI loans; these are non-GAAP financial measures. For additional information, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 14–15 .


(a)	Included operating lease depreciation expense of $432 million and $326 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.

Quarterly results

Consumer & Community Banking net income was $2.5 billion, an increase of 12%, driven by higher net revenue and lower noninterest expense, partially offset by higher provision for credit losses.

Net revenue was $11.1 billion, an increase of 4%. Net interest income was $7.3 billion, up 5%, driven by higher deposit balances and higher loan balances largely resulting from originations of prime mortgage loans that have been retained, partially offset by deposit spread compression. Noninterest revenue was $3.8 billion, up 2%, driven by higher MSR risk management results and higher auto lease and card sales volume, predominantly offset by the impact of renegotiated co-brand partnership agreements in Credit Card and lower mortgage servicing revenue largely as a result of lower third-party loans serviced. See Note 16 for further information regarding changes in value of the MSR asset and related hedges, and mortgage fees and related income.

The provision for credit losses was $1.1 billion, an increase of 13%, driven by a $125 million reduction in the allowance for loan losses in the prior year due to continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies in the residential real estate portfolio and runoff in the student loan portfolio.

Noninterest expense was $6.1 billion, a decrease of 2%, driven by branch efficiencies, lower headcount-related expense and lower legal expense, largely offset by higher auto lease depreciation and higher investment in marketing.



Selected metrics
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015		Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets	$	505,071	$	455,624	11	%
Loans:
Consumer & Business Banking	22,889		21,608		6
Home equity	56,627		65,705		(14	)
Residential mortgage and other	172,413		125,956		37
Mortgage Banking	229,040		191,661		20
Credit Card	126,090		123,257		2
Auto	62,937		55,455		13
Student	7,890		9,053		(13	)
Total loans	448,846		401,034		12
Core loans	348,802		280,252		24
Deposits	582,026		531,027		10
Equity	51,000		51,000		—
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets	$	503,231	$	454,763	11
Loans:
Consumer & Business Banking	22,775		21,317		7
Home equity	57,717		66,854		(14	)
Residential mortgage and other	168,694		120,658		40
Mortgage Banking	226,411		187,512		21
Credit Card	127,299		125,025		2
Auto	61,252		55,005		11
Student	8,034		9,209		(13	)
Total loans	445,771		398,068		12
Core loans	343,705		274,578		25
Deposits	562,284		512,157		10
Equity	51,000		51,000		—
Headcount	129,925		135,908		(4)%



Selected metrics
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratio data)	2016			2015			Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Nonaccrual loans ^(a)(b)	$	5,117		$	6,143		(17	)%

Net charge-offs ^(c)
Consumer & Business Banking	56			59			(5	)
Home equity	59			87			(32	)
Residential mortgage and other	1			17			(94	)
Mortgage Banking	60			104			(42	)
Credit Card	830			789			5
Auto	67			51			31
Student	37			51			(27	)
Total net charge-offs	$	1,050		$	1,054		—

Net charge-off rate ^(c)
Consumer & Business Banking	0.99		%	1.12		%
Home equity ^(d)	0.55			0.71
Residential mortgage and other ^(d)	—			0.08
Mortgage Banking ^(d)	0.13			0.30
Credit Card ^(e)	2.62			2.62
Auto	0.44			0.38
Student	1.85			2.25
Total net charge-off rate ^(d)	1.04			1.22

30+ day delinquency rate
Mortgage Banking ^(f)(g)	1.41		%	2.30		%
Credit Card ^(h)	1.45			1.41
Auto	0.94			0.90
Student ⁽ⁱ⁾	1.41			1.77

90+ day delinquency rate — Credit Card ^(h)	0.75			0.73

Allowance for loan losses
Consumer & Business Banking	$	703		$	703		—
Mortgage Banking excluding PCI loans	1,588			2,088			(24	)
Mortgage Banking — PCI loans ^(c)	2,695			3,270			(18	)
Credit Card	3,434			3,434			—
Auto	399			350			14
Student	299			374			(20	)
Total allowance for loan losses ^(c)	$	9,118		$	10,219		(11)%


(a)	Excludes PCI loans. The Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of PCI loans as they are all performing.

(b)

At March 31, 2016 and 2015 , nonaccrual loans excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $5.7 billion and $7.5 billion, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) of $269 million and $346 million, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.


(c)	Net charge-offs and the net charge-off rates for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , excluded $47 million and $55 million, respectively, of write-offs in the PCI portfolio. These write-offs decreased the allowance for loan losses for PCI loans. For further

information on PCI write-offs, see summary of changes in the allowances on page 46.


(d)	Excludes the impact of PCI loans. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , the net charge-off rates including the impact of PCI loans were as follows: (1) home equity of 0.41% and 0.53%, respectively; (2) residential mortgage and other of -% and 0.06%, respectively; (3) Mortgage Banking of 0.11% and 0.23%, respectively; and (4) total CCB of 0.95% and 1.08%, respectively.


(e)	Average credit card loans included loans held-for-sale of $72 million and $2.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. These amounts are excluded when calculating the net-charge-off rate.


(f)	At March 31, 2016 and 2015 , excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $7.6 billion and $9.2 billion, respectively, that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.


(g)	Excludes PCI loans. The 30+ day delinquency rate for PCI loans was 10.47% and 12.25% at March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.


(h)	Period-end credit card loans included loans held-for-sale of $78 million and $2.4 billion at March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These amounts are excluded when calculating delinquency rates.


(i)	Excluded student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under FFELP of $471 million and $596 million at March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.



Selected metrics
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in billions, except ratios and where otherwise noted)	2016			2015			Change
Business Metrics
CCB households (in millions)	58.5			57.4			2	%
Number of branches	5,385			5,570			(3	)
Active digital customers (in thousands) ^(a)	42,458			37,696			13
Active mobile customers (in thousands) ^(b)	23,821			19,962			19

Consumer & Business Banking
Average deposits	$	548.4		$	497.6		10
Deposit margin	1.86		%	1.99		%
Business banking origination volume	$	1.7		$	1.5		10
Client investment assets	220.0			219.2			—

Mortgage Banking
Mortgage origination volume by channel
Retail	$	8.7		$	8.1		7
Correspondent	13.7			16.6			(17	)
Total mortgage origination volume ^(c)	$	22.4		$	24.7		(9	)

Total loans serviced (period-end)	$	898.7		$	924.3		(3	)
Third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end)	655.4			723.5			(9	)
MSR carrying value (period-end)	5.7			6.6			(14	)
Ratio of MSR carrying value (period-end) to third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end)	0.87		%	0.91		%

MSR revenue multiple ^(d)	2.49		x	2.53		x

Credit Card, excluding Commercial Card
Sales volume	$	121.7		$	112.8		8
New accounts opened (in millions)	2.3			2.1			10

Card Services
Net revenue rate	11.81		%	12.19		%

Commerce Solutions
Merchant processing volume	$	247.5		$	221.2		12

Auto
Loan and lease origination volume	$	9.6		$	7.3		32
Average Auto operating lease assets	9.6			6.9			39%


(a)	Users of all web and/or mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.


(b)	Users of all mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.


(c)	Firmwide mortgage origination volume was $24.4 billion and $26.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.


(d)	Represents the ratio of MSR carrying value (period-end) to third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end) divided by the ratio of annualized loan servicing-related revenue to third-party mortgage loans serviced (average).

Mortgage servicing-related matters

The Firm has entered into various Consent Orders and settlements with federal and state governmental agencies and private parties related to mortgage servicing, origination, and residential mortgage-backed securities activities. The requirements of these Consent Orders and settlements vary, but in the aggregate, include cash compensatory payments (in addition to fines) and/or “borrower relief,” which may include principal reduction, refinancing, short sale assistance, and other specified types of borrower relief. Other obligations required under certain Consent Orders and settlements, as well as under new regulatory requirements, include enhanced mortgage servicing and foreclosure standards and processes.

On January 4, 2016, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) terminated its mortgage servicing-related Consent Order with the Firm, which had been outstanding since April 2011. The Firm remains under the mortgage servicing-related Consent Order entered into with the Federal Reserve on April 13, 2011, as amended on February 28, 2013 (the “Federal Reserve Consent Order”). The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors will provide governance and oversight of the Federal Reserve Consent Order in 2016.

The Federal Reserve Consent Order and certain other mortgage-related settlements are the subject of ongoing reporting to various regulators and independent overseers. The Firm’s compliance with certain of these settlements is detailed in periodic reports published by the independent overseers. The Firm is committed to fulfilling all of these commitments with appropriate due diligence and oversight.



CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK

For a discussion of the business profile of CIB, see pages 94–98 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on page 155 .



Selected income statement data
	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)	2016			2015			Change
Revenue
Investment banking fees	$	1,321		$	1,761		(25	)%
Principal transactions	2,470			3,482			(29	)
Lending- and deposit-related fees	394			397			(1	)
Asset management, administration and commissions	1,069			1,154			(7	)
All other income	280			280			—
Noninterest revenue	5,534			7,074			(22	)
Net interest income	2,601			2,508			4
Total net revenue ^(a)	8,135			9,582			(15	)

Provision for credit losses	459			(31		)	NM

Noninterest expense
Compensation expense	2,600			3,023			(14	)
Noncompensation expense	2,208			2,634			(16	)
Total noninterest expense	4,808			5,657			(15	)
Income before income tax expense	2,868			3,956			(28	)
Income tax expense	889			1,419			(37	)
Net income	$	1,979		$	2,537		(22	)%
Financial ratios
Return on common equity	11		%	16		%
Overhead ratio	59			59
Compensation expense as a percentage of total net revenue	32			32


(a)	Included tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to income tax credits related to alternative energy investments; income tax credits and amortization of the cost of investments in affordable housing projects; as well as tax-exempt income from municipal bond investments of $498 million and $432 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.



Selected income statement data
	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015			Change
Revenue by business
Investment Banking	$	1,231		$	1,630		(24	)%
Treasury Services	884			930			(5	)
Lending	302			435			(31	)
Total Banking	2,417			2,995			(19	)
Fixed Income Markets	3,597			4,154			(13	)
Equity Markets	1,576			1,651			(5	)
Securities Services	881			934			(6	)
Credit Adjustments & Other ^(a)	(336		)	(152		)	(121	)
Total Markets & Investor Services	5,718			6,587			(13	)
Total net revenue	$	8,135		$	9,582		(15	)%

(a)

Effective January 1, 2016, consists primarily of credit valuation adjustments (“CVA”) managed by the Credit Portfolio Group, funding valuation adjustments (“FVA”) and debit valuation adjustments (“DVA”) on derivatives. Prior periods also include DVA on fair value option elected liabilities. Results are presented net of associated hedging activities and net of CVA and FVA amounts allocated to Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets. Effective January 1, 2016, changes in DVA on fair value option elected liabilities is recognized in other comprehensive income. For additional information, see Notes 3 , 4

and 19 .

Quarterly results

Net income was $2.0 billion, down 22%, reflecting lower net revenue and higher provisions for credit losses, partially offset by lower noninterest expense.

Banking revenue was $2.4 billion, down 19%. Investment banking revenue was $1.2 billion, down 24% on lower debt and equity underwriting fees, partially offset by higher advisory fees. Debt underwriting fees were down 35% driven by declines in industry-wide fee levels and fewer large acquisition financing deals. Equity underwriting fees were down 49% driven by declines in industry-wide fee levels. Advisory fees were up 8% driven by a greater share of fees for completed transactions. Treasury Services revenue was $884 million, down 5%, driven by business simplification. Lending revenue was $302 million, down 31%, reflecting fair value losses on hedges of accrual loans and lower gains on securities received from restructurings.

Markets & Investor Services revenue was $5.7 billion, down 13%. Fixed Income Markets revenue was $3.6 billion, down 13%. The current quarter’s performance reflected the challenging market environment, which included significant volatility, global macroeconomic uncertainty and widening credit spreads. In contrast, the prior year results were driven by robust client activity resulting from macroeconomic events and conditions, including quantitative easing actions of various central banks. These factors resulted in lower revenue in the current quarter reflecting an increase in Rates which was more than offset by lower performance across other asset classes. Equity Markets revenue of $1.6 billion was down 5% reflecting

weaker results in Americas derivatives, partially offset by strong results in Asia derivatives. Securities Services revenue was $881 million, down 6%. Credit Adjustments & Other was a loss of $336 million on widening credit spreads.

The provision for credit losses was $459 million, compared to a benefit of $31 million in the prior year, primarily reflecting increases in the allowance for credit losses in the Oil & Gas and Metals & Mining portfolios.

Noninterest expense was $4.8 billion, down 15%, primarily driven by lower performance-based compensation and lower legal expense .



Selected metrics
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except headcount)	2016		2015		Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Assets	$	801,053	$	854,275	(6	)%
Loans:
Loans retained ^(a)	109,132		98,625		11
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value	2,381		3,987		(40	)
Total loans	111,513		102,612		9
Core loans	111,050		101,537		9
Equity	64,000		62,000		3
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Assets	$	797,548	$	865,327	(8	)
Trading assets-debt and equity instruments	285,122		312,260		(9	)
Trading assets-derivative receivables	62,557		77,353		(19	)
Loans:
Loans retained ^(a)	108,712		99,113		10
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value	3,204		4,061		(21	)
Total loans	111,916		103,174		8
Core loans	111,417		102,052		9
Equity	64,000		62,000		3
Headcount	49,067		50,634		(3	)%


(a)	Loans retained includes credit portfolio loans, loans held by consolidated Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, trade finance loans, other held-for-investment loans and overdrafts.



Selected metrics
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)	2016			2015			Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)	$	46		$	(11	)	NM
Nonperforming assets:
Nonaccrual loans:
Nonaccrual loans retained ^(a)	650			251			159%
Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value	7			12			(42	)
Total nonaccrual loans	657			263			150
Derivative receivables	212			249			(15	)
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions	62			63			(2	)
Total nonperforming assets	931			575			62
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses	1,497			1,047			43
Allowance for lending-related commitments	744			411			81
Total allowance for credit losses	2,241			1,458			54%
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate	0.17%			(0.05		)%
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained	1.37			1.06
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits ^(b)	2.11			1.64
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained ^(a)	230			417
Nonaccrual loans to total period-end loans	0.59		%	0.26		%


(a)	Allowance for loan losses of $233 million and $51 million were held against these nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


(b)	Management uses allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits, a non-GAAP financial measure, to provide a more meaningful assessment of CIB’s allowance coverage ratio.



Business metrics
	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015		Change
Advisory	$	585	$	542	8%
Equity underwriting	205		399		(49	)
Debt underwriting	531		820		(35	)
Total investment banking fees	$	1,321	$	1,761	(25)%



League table results – wallet share
	Three months ended March 31, 2016				Full-year 2015
	Share		Rank		Share		Rank
Based on fees ^(a)
Debt, equity and equity-related
Global	6.7	%	#	1	7.7	%	#	1
U.S.	12.4		1		11.6		1
Long-term debt ^(b)
Global	6.4		2		8.3		1
U.S.	11.3		1		11.9		1
Equity and equity-related
Global ^(c)	7.3		1		7.0		1
U.S.	14.7		1		11.2		1
M&A ^(d)
Global	11.3		1		8.5		2
U.S.	13.8		1		9.9		2
Loan syndications
Global	6.2		2		7.3		2
U.S.	8.4		2		10.5		2
Global investment banking fees ^(e)	8.2	%	#	1	7.9	%	#	1


(a)	Source: Dealogic. Reflects the ranking of revenue wallet and market share.


(b)	Long-term debt rankings include investment-grade, high-yield, supranationals, sovereigns, agencies, covered bonds, asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”); and exclude money market, short-term debt, and U.S. municipal securities.


(c)	Global equity and equity-related ranking includes rights offerings and Chinese A-Shares.


(d)	Global M&A reflects the removal of any withdrawn transactions. U.S. M&A revenue wallet represents wallet from client parents based in the U.S.


(e)	Global investment banking fees exclude money market, short-term debt and shelf deals.



Business metrics
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)	2016		2015		Change
Assets under custody (“AUC”) by asset class (period-end)(in billions):
Fixed Income	$	12,422	$	12,256	1%
Equity	6,117		6,620		(8	)
Other ^(a)	1,744		1,685		4
Total AUC	$	20,283	$	20,561	(1	)
Client deposits and other third party liabilities (average) ^(b)	$	358,926	$	444,171	(19	)
Trade finance loans (period-end)	18,078		22,853		(21	)%


(a)	Consists of mutual funds, unit investment trusts, currencies, annuities, insurance contracts, options and other contracts.


(b)	Client deposits and other third party liabilities pertain to the Treasury Services and Securities Services businesses.



International metrics
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)	2016		2015		Change
Total net revenue ^(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	2,457	$	3,496	(30	)%
Asia/Pacific	1,302		1,263		3
Latin America/Caribbean	321		331		(3	)
Total international net revenue	4,080		5,090		(20	)
North America	4,055		4,492		(10	)
Total net revenue	$	8,135	$	9,582	(15	)

Loans retained (period-end) ^(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	27,219	$	26,055	4
Asia/Pacific	15,507		19,038		(19	)
Latin America/Caribbean	8,751		8,679		1
Total international loans	51,477		53,772		(4	)
North America	57,655		44,853		29
Total loans retained	$	109,132	$	98,625	11

Client deposits and other third-party liabilities (average) ^(a)(b)
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	128,359	$	159,437	(19	)
Asia/Pacific	62,715		70,917		(12	)
Latin America/Caribbean	22,265		23,442		(5	)
Total international	$	213,339	$	253,796	(16	)
North America	145,587		190,375		(24	)
Total client deposits and other third-party liabilities	$	358,926	$	444,171	(19	)

AUC (period-end) (in billions) ^(a)
North America	$	12,264	$	12,202	1
All other regions	8,019		8,359		(4	)
Total AUC	$	20,283	$	20,561	(1	)%


(a)	Total net revenue is based predominantly on the domicile of the client or location of the trading desk, as applicable. Loans outstanding (excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value), client deposits and other third-party liabilities, and AUC are based predominantly on the domicile of the client.


(b)	Client deposits and other third party liabilities pertain to the Treasury Services and Securities Services businesses.



COMMERCIAL BANKING

For a discussion of the business profile of CB, see pages 99–101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on page 156 .



Selected income statement data
	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015		Change
Revenue
Lending- and deposit-related fees	$	232	$	237	(2	)%
Asset management, administration and commissions	22		24		(8	)
All other income ^(a)	302		375		(19	)
Noninterest revenue	556		636		(13	)
Net interest income	1,247		1,106		13
Total net revenue ^(b)	1,803		1,742		4

Provision for credit losses	304		61		398

Noninterest expense
Compensation expense	334		309		8
Noncompensation expense	379		400		(5	)
Total noninterest expense	713		709		1

Income before income tax expense	786		972		(19	)
Income tax expense	290		374		(22	)
Net income	$	496	$	598	(17	)%


(a)	Includes revenue from investment banking products and commercial card transactions.


(b)	Total net revenue included tax-equivalent adjustments from income tax credits related to equity investments in designated community development entities that provide loans to qualified businesses in low-income communities, as well as tax-exempt income from municipal bond activity of $120 million and $113 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.

Quarterly results

Net income was $496 million, a decrease of 17%, driven by a higher provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher net revenue.

Net revenue was $1.8 billion, an increase of 4%. Net interest income was $1.2 billion, a 13% increase, driven by higher loan balances and deposit spreads. Noninterest revenue was $556 million, down 13%, driven by lower investment banking revenue compared to a record quarter last year.

The provision for credit losses was $304 million, compared to $61 million in the prior year quarter, reflecting downgrades in the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipeline portfolios.



Selected metrics
	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)	2016		2015			Change
Revenue by product
Lending	$	928	$	825		12	%
Treasury services	694		647			7
Investment banking	155		248			(38	)
Other	26		22			18
Total Commercial Banking net revenue	$	1,803	$	1,742		4

Investment banking revenue, gross ^(a)	$	483	$	753		(36	)

Revenue by client segment
Middle Market Banking	$	717	$	677		6
Corporate Client Banking	501		564			(11	)
Commercial Term Lending	361		308			17
Real Estate Banking	140		116			21
Other	84		77			9
Total Commercial Banking net revenue	$	1,803	$	1,742		4	%

Financial ratios
Return on common equity	11%		17		%
Overhead ratio	40		41


(a)	Represents the total revenue from investment banking products sold to CB clients.



Selected metrics (continued)
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except headcount)	2016		2015		Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets	$	204,602	$	197,931	3	%
Loans:
Loans retained	173,583		153,173		13
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value	338		507		(33	)
Total loans	$	173,921	$	153,680	13
Core loans	173,316		152,659		14
Equity	16,000		14,000		14

Period-end loans by client segment
Middle Market Banking	$	52,532	$	51,071	3
Corporate Client Banking	33,761		28,379		19
Commercial Term Lending	64,292		55,824		15
Real Estate Banking	17,719		13,537		31
Other	5,617		4,869		15
Total Commercial Banking loans	$	173,921	$	153,680	13

Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets	$	202,492	$	195,927	3
Loans:
Loans retained	169,837		149,731		13
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value	448		557		(20	)
Total loans	$	170,285	$	150,288	13
Core loans	169,626		149,239		14
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities	173,079		210,046		(18	)
Equity	16,000		14,000		14

Headcount	7,971		7,489		6

Average loans by client segment
Middle Market Banking	$	51,419	$	50,538	2
Corporate Client Banking	32,929		26,653		24
Commercial Term Lending	63,475		54,754		16
Real Estate Banking	17,021		13,472		26
Other	5,441		4,871		12
Total Commercial Banking loans	$	170,285	$	150,288	13	%



	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)	2016			2015			Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)	$	6		$	11		(45	)%
Nonperforming assets
Nonaccrual loans:
Nonaccrual loans retained ^(a)	1,257			304			313
Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value	—			12			(100	)
Total nonaccrual loans	1,257			316			298
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions	1			5			(80	)
Total nonperforming assets	1,258			321			292
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses	3,099			2,519			23
Allowance for lending-related commitments	252			162			56
Total allowance for credit losses	3,351			2,681			25	%
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate ^(b)	0.01		%	0.03		%
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained	1.79			1.64
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained ^(a)	247			829
Nonaccrual loans to period-end total loans	0.72			0.21


(a)	Allowance for loan losses of $278 million and $29 million was held against nonaccrual loans retained at March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.


(b)	Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the net charge-off/(recovery) rate.



ASSET MANAGEMENT

For a discussion of the business profile of AM, see pages 102–104 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on pages 156–157 .



Selected income statement data
(in millions, except ratios)	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015			Change
Revenue
Asset management, administration and commissions	$	2,016		$	2,229		(10	)%
All other income	229			155			48
Noninterest revenue	2,245			2,384			(6	)
Net interest income	727			621			17
Total net revenue	2,972			3,005			(1	)

Provision for credit losses	13			4			225

Noninterest expense
Compensation expense	1,241			1,289			(4	)
Noncompensation expense	834			886			(6	)
Total noninterest expense	2,075			2,175			(5	)

Income before income tax expense	884			826			7
Income tax expense	297			324			(8	)
Net income	$	587		$	502		17

Revenue by line of business
Global Investment Management	$	1,499		$	1,533		(2	)
Global Wealth Management	1,473			1,472			—
Total net revenue	$	2,972		$	3,005		(1	)%

Financial ratios
Return on common equity	25		%	22		%
Overhead ratio	70			72
Pretax margin ratio:
Global Investment Management	33			30
Global Wealth Management	26			25
Asset Management	30			27

Quarterly results

Net income was $587 million, an increase of 17%, reflecting lower noninterest expense partially offset by lower net revenue.

Net revenue was $3.0 billion, a decrease of 1% including a gain on the sale of an asset. Excluding this gain, revenue in the quarter would have been lower by approximately $150 million. Net interest income was $727 million, up 17%, driven by higher deposit spreads and loan growth. Noninterest revenue was $2.2 billion, down 6%, due to the impact of lower markets and lower brokerage revenue.

Noninterest expense was $2.1 billion, a decrease of 5%, primarily driven by lower performance-based compensation.



Selected metrics	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ranking data, headcount and ratios)	2016			2015			Change
% of JPM mutual fund assets rated as 4- or 5-star ^(a)	50		%	56		%
% of JPM mutual fund assets ranked in 1 ^st or 2 ^nd quartile: ^(b)
1 year	55			75
3 years	75			75
5 years	80			79

Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets	$	131,276		$	126,233		4	%
Loans ^(c)	111,050			104,165			7
Core loans	111,050			104,165			7
Deposits	152,908			155,347			(2	)
Equity	9,000			9,000			—

Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets	$	129,790		$	126,276		3
Loans	110,497			103,286			7
Core loans	110,497			103,286			7
Deposits	150,616			158,240			(5	)
Equity	9,000			9,000			—

Headcount	20,885			20,095			4

Number of client advisors	2,750			2,803			(2	)

Credit data and quality statistics
Net charge-offs	$	9		$	3		200
Nonaccrual loans	335			175			91
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses	270			271			—
Allowance for lending-related commitments	4			5			(20	)
Total allowance for credit losses	274			276			(1	)%
Net charge-off rate	0.03		%	0.01		%
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans	0.24			0.26
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans	81			155
Nonaccrual loans to period-end loans	0.30			0.17


(a)	Represents the “overall star rating” derived from Morningstar for the U.S., the U.K., Luxembourg, Hong Kong and Taiwan domiciled funds; and Nomura “star rating” for Japan domiciled funds. Includes only Global Investment Management retail open ended mutual funds that have a rating. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil and India domiciled funds.

(b)

Quartile ranking sourced from: Lipper for the U.S. and Taiwan domiciled funds; Morningstar for the U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong domiciled funds; Nomura for Japan domiciled funds and Fund Doctor for South Korea domiciled funds. Includes only Global Investment Management retail open ended mutual funds that are ranked by the aforementioned sources. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil and India domiciled funds.


(c)	Included $27.7 billion and $23.0 billion of prime mortgage loans reported in the Consumer, excluding credit card, loan portfolio at March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.

Client assets

Client assets of $2.3 trillion and assets under management of $1.7 trillion were down 3% and 5%, respectively, due to the effect of lower market levels, outflows from liquidity products and the sale of an asset, partially offset by net inflows to long-term products.



Client assets	March 31,
(in billions)	2016		2015		Change
Assets by asset class
Liquidity	$	424	$	454	(7	)%
Fixed income	365		359		2
Equity	346		380		(9	)
Multi-asset and alternatives	541		566		(4	)
Total assets under management	1,676		1,759		(5	)
Custody/brokerage/administration/deposits	647		646		—
Total client assets	$	2,323	$	2,405	(3	)

Memo:
Alternatives client assets ^(a)	$	151	$	168	(10	)

Assets by client segment
Private Banking	$	428	$	440	(3	)
Institutional	798		825		(3	)
Retail	450		494		(9	)
Total assets under management	$	1,676	$	1,759	(5	)

Private Banking	$	1,057	$	1,073	(1	)
Institutional	814		833		(2	)
Retail	452		499		(9	)
Total client assets	$	2,323	$	2,405	(3	)%


(a)	Represents assets under management, as well as client balances in brokerage accounts.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in billions)	2016			2015
Assets under management rollforward
Beginning balance	$	1,723		$	1,744
Net asset flows:
Liquidity	(27		)	(1		)
Fixed income	11			2
Equity	(5		)	4
Multi-asset and alternatives	6			10
Market/performance/other impacts	(32		)	—
Ending balance, March 31	$	1,676		$	1,759

Client assets rollforward
Beginning balance	$	2,350		$	2,387
Net asset flows	(7		)	17
Market/performance/other impacts	(20		)	1
Ending balance, March 31	$	2,323		$	2,405



International metrics	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in billions, except where otherwise noted)	2016		2015		Change
Total net revenue (in millions) ^(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	431	$	471	(8	)%
Asia/Pacific	255		286		(11	)
Latin America/Caribbean	172		197		(13	)
Total international net revenue	858		954		(10	)
North America	2,114		2,051		3
Total net revenue	$	2,972	$	3,005	(1	)

Assets under management
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	293	$	324	(10	)
Asia/Pacific	120		129		(7	)
Latin America/Caribbean	42		46		(9	)
Total international assets under management	455		499		(9	)
North America	1,221		1,260		(3	)
Total assets under management	$	1,676	$	1,759	(5	)

Client assets
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	343	$	373	(8	)
Asia/Pacific	171		179		(4	)
Latin America/Caribbean	110		112		(2	)
Total international client assets	624		664		(6	)
North America	1,699		1,741		(2	)
Total client assets	$	2,323	$	2,405	(3	)%


(a)	Regional revenue is based on the domicile of the client.



CORPORATE

For a discussion of Corporate, see pages 105–106 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



Selected income statement data
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except headcount)	2016			2015			Change
Revenue
Principal transactions	$	97		$	100		(3	)%
Securities gains	51			53			(4	)
All other income/(loss)	121			(113		)	NM
Noninterest revenue	269			40			NM
Net interest income	(213		)	(253		)	16
Total net revenue ^(a)	56			(213		)	NM
Provision for credit losses	(2		)	(5		)	60
Noninterest expense ^(b)	153			152			1
Loss before income tax benefit	(95		)	(360		)	74
Income tax benefit	(63		)	(418		)	85
Net income/(loss)	$	(32	)	$	58		NM
Total net revenue
Treasury and CIO	(94		)	(378		)	75
Other Corporate	150			165			(9	)
Total net revenue	$	56		$	(213	)	NM
Net income/(loss)
Treasury and CIO	(111		)	(221		)	50
Other Corporate	79			279			(72	)
Total net income/(loss)	$	(32	)	$	58		NM
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets	$	781,806		$	942,556		(17	)
Loans	1,983			2,694			(26	)
Core loans ^(c)	1,978			2,672			(26	)
Headcount	29,572			27,019			9	%


(a)	Included tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to tax-exempt income from municipal bond investments of $218 million and $203 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.


(b)	Included legal expense of $305 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015, legal expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was not material.


(c)	Average core loans were $2.1 billion and $2.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.

Quarterly results

Net loss was $32 million, compared with net income of

$58 million in the prior year. Net revenue was a gain of

$56 million in the current year, compared to a loss of

$213 million in the prior year. The prior year included a $173 million pre-tax loss primarily related to the accelerated amortization of cash flow hedges, associated with the exit of certain non-operating deposits. Noninterest expense was $153 million, flat compared to the prior year, as lower legal expense was largely offset by higher compensation and a benefit from a franchise tax settlement received in the prior year.

The current quarter reflected tax benefits of $59 million, compared to tax benefits related to tax adjustments of $177 million in the prior year.

Treasury and CIO overview

For a discussion of Treasury and CIO, see page 106 of the Firm’s 2015 Annual Report.

At March 31, 2016 , the average credit rating of the Treasury and CIO investment securities comprising the portfolio in the table below was AA+ (based upon external ratings where available and, where not available, based primarily upon internal ratings that correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s). See Note 11 for further information on the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.

For further information on liquidity and funding risk, see Liquidity Risk Management on pages 61–65 . For information on interest rate, foreign exchange and other risks, Treasury and CIO value-at-risk (“VaR”) and the

Firm’s earnings-at-risk, see Market Risk Management on pages 48–51 .



Selected income statement and balance sheet data
	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015		Change
Securities gains	$	51	$	53	(4	)%
Investment securities portfolio (average) ^(a)	283,443		333,692		(15	)
Investment securities portfolio (period-end) ^(b)	282,424		327,859		(14	)
Mortgage loans (average)	2,005		2,790		(28	)
Mortgage loans (period-end)	1,927		2,664		(28	)


(a)	Average investment securities included held-to-maturity balances of $48.3 billion and $49.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.


(b)	Period-end investment securities included held-to-maturity balance of $47.9 billion and $49.3 billion at March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.



Private equity portfolio information ^(a)
(in millions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		Change
Carrying value	$	2,004	$	2,103	(5	)%
Cost	3,512		3,798		(8	)


(a)	For more information on the Firm’s methodologies regarding the valuation of the private equity portfolio, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .



ENTERPRISE-WIDE RISK MANAGEMENT

Risk is an inherent part of JPMorgan Chase’s business activities. When the Firm extends a consumer or wholesale loan, advises customers on their investment decisions, makes markets in securities, or offers other products or services, the Firm takes on some degree of risk. The Firm’s overall objective is to manage its businesses, and the associated risks, in a manner that balances serving the interests of its clients, customers and investors and protects the safety and soundness of the Firm.

Firmwide Risk Management is overseen and managed on an enterprise-wide basis. The Firm’s approach to risk management covers a broad spectrum of risk areas, such as credit, market, liquidity, model, structural interest rate, principal, country, operational, compliance, legal, capital and reputation risk, with controls and governance established for each area, as appropriate.

The Firm believes that effective risk management requires:


•	Acceptance of responsibility, including identification and escalation of risk issues, by all individuals within the Firm;


•	Ownership of risk management within each of the lines of business and corporate functions; and


•	Firmwide structures for risk governance.

The Firm’s Operating Committee, which consists of the Firm’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) and other senior executives, is responsible for developing and executing the Firm’s risk management framework. The framework is intended to provide controls and ongoing management of key risks inherent in the Firm’s business activities and create a culture of transparency, awareness and personal responsibility through reporting, collaboration, discussion, escalation and sharing of information. The Operating Committee is responsible and accountable to the Firm’s Board of Directors.

The Firm strives for continual improvement through ongoing employee training and development, as well as talent retention. The Firm follows a disciplined and balanced compensation framework with strong internal governance and independent Board oversight. The impact of risk and control issues are carefully considered in the Firm’s performance evaluation and incentive compensation processes. The Firm is also engaged in a number of activities focused on conduct risk and in regularly evaluating its culture with respect to its business principles.

The following provides an index of key risk management disclosures. For further information on these disclosures, refer to the page references noted below in both this Form 10-Q and JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



Risk disclosure	Form 10-Q page reference	Annual Report page reference
Enterprise-Wide Risk Management	30–65	107–164
Risk governance		108–111
Credit Risk Management	31–47	112–132
Credit Portfolio		114
Consumer Credit Portfolio	32–37	115–121
Wholesale Credit Portfolio	38–44	122–129
Allowance For Credit Losses	45–47	130–132
Market Risk Management	48–51	133–139
Risk identification and classification		133
Value-at-risk	48–50	135–137
Economic-value stress testing		137–138
Earnings-at-risk	51	138–139
Country Risk Management	52	140–141
Model Risk Management		142
Principal Risk Management		143
Operational Risk Management	53	144–146
Operational Risk Capital Measurement		145
Cybersecurity	53	145
Business and Technology resiliency		145–146
Legal Risk Management		146
Compliance Risk Management		147
Reputation Risk Management		148
Capital Management	54–60	149–158
Liquidity Risk Management	61–65	159–164
HQLA	61	160
Funding	62–64	160–163
Credit ratings	64–65	164



CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT

Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the default of a customer, client or counterparty. The Firm provides credit to a variety of customers, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to individual consumers and small businesses. For a further discussion of the Firm’s Credit Risk Management framework and organization, and the identification, monitoring and management of credit risks, see Credit Risk Management on pages 112–132 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

In the following tables, reported loans include loans retained (i.e., held-for-investment); loans held-for-sale (which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, with valuation changes recorded in noninterest revenue); and certain loans accounted for at fair value. In addition, the Firm records certain loans accounted for at fair value in trading assets. For further information regarding these loans, see Notes 3 and 4 . For additional information on the Firm’s loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables, including the Firm’s accounting policies, see Notes 13 , 21 , and 5 , respectively.

For further information regarding the credit risk inherent in the Firm’s cash placed with banks, see Wholesale credit exposure – industry exposure on pages 38–44 ; for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio, see Note 11 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report; and for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the securities financing portfolio, see Note 12 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



Total credit portfolio
	Credit exposure						Nonperforming ^(b)(c)
(in millions)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Loans retained	$	844,195		$	832,792		$	7,367		$	6,303
Loans held-for-sale	1,195			1,646			61			101
Loans at fair value	1,923			2,861			7			25
Total loans – reported	847,313			837,299			7,435			6,429
Derivative receivables	70,209			59,677			212			204
Receivables from customers and other	16,294			13,497			—			—
Total credit-related assets	933,816			910,473			7,647			6,633
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned	NA			NA			324			347
Other	NA			NA			52			54
Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions	NA			NA			376			401
Total assets	933,816			910,473			8,023			7,034
Lending-related commitments	960,434			940,395			722			193
Total credit portfolio	$	1,894,250		$	1,850,868		$	8,745		$	7,227
Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities ^(a)	$	(23,849	)	$	(20,681	)	$	(40	)	$	(9	)
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives	(19,528		)	(16,580		)	NA			NA



(in millions, except ratios)	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Net charge-offs	$	1,110		$	1,052
Average retained loans
Loans – reported	836,449			750,036
Loans – reported, excluding residential real estate PCI loans	796,055			704,072
Net charge-off rates
Loans – reported	0.53		%	0.57		%
Loans – reported, excluding PCI	0.56			0.61


(a)	Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives used to manage both performing and nonperforming wholesale credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. For additional information, see Credit derivatives on page 44 and Note 5 .


(b)	Excludes PCI loans. The Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of PCI loans as they are all performing.

(c)

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , nonperforming assets excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $5.7 billion and $6.3 billion , respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $269 million and $290 million , respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; and (3) real estate owned (“REO”) insured by U.S. government agencies of $360 million and $343 million , respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance issued by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”).



CONSUMER CREDIT PORTFOLIO

The Firm’s consumer portfolio consists primarily of residential real estate loans, credit card loans, auto loans, business banking loans, and student loans. The Firm’s focus is on serving the prime segment of the consumer credit

market. For further information on consumer loans, see Note 13 of this Form 10-Q and Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 115–121 and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

The following table presents consumer credit-related information with respect to the credit portfolio held by CCB, prime mortgage and home equity loans held by AM, and prime mortgage loans held by Corporate.



Consumer credit portfolio											Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)	Credit exposure						Nonaccrual loans ^(h)(i)				Net charge-offs ^(j)				Average annual net charge-off rate ^(j)(k)
	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		2016		2015		2016		2015
Consumer, excluding credit card
Loans, excluding PCI loans and loans held-for-sale
Home equity	$	43,932		$	45,559		$	2,153	2,191		$	59	91		0.53	%	0.71	%
Residential mortgage	176,106			166,239			2,423		2,503		—		15		—		0.05
Auto ^(a)	62,937			60,255			102		116		67		51		0.44		0.38
Business banking ^(b)	21,370			21,208			290		263		56		59		1.06		1.19
Student and other	9,783			10,096			196		242		38		48		1.54		1.79
Total loans, excluding PCI loans and loans held-for-sale	314,128			303,357			5,164		5,315		220		264		0.29		0.42
Loans – PCI
Home equity	14,522			14,989			NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		NA
Prime mortgage	8,594			8,893			NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		NA
Subprime mortgage	3,174			3,263			NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		NA
Option ARMs ^(c)	13,453			13,853			NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		NA
Total loans – PCI	39,743			40,998			NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		NA
Total loans – retained	353,871			344,355			5,164		5,315		220		264		0.25		0.36
Loans held-for-sale	321		^(g)	466		^(g)	61		98		—		—		—		—
Total consumer, excluding credit card loans	354,192			344,821			5,225		5,413		220		264		0.25		0.36
Lending-related commitments ^(d)	60,744			58,478
Receivables from customers ^(e)	127			125
Total consumer exposure, excluding credit card	415,063			403,424
Credit card
Loans retained ^(f)	126,012			131,387			—		—		830		789		2.62		2.62
Loans held-for-sale	78			76			—		—		—		—		—		—
Total credit card loans	126,090			131,463			—		—		830		789		2.62		2.62
Lending-related commitments ^(d)	532,224			515,518
Total credit card exposure	658,314			646,981
Total consumer credit portfolio	$	1,073,377		$	1,050,405		$	5,225	$	5,413	$	1,050	$	1,053	0.89	%	1.01	%
Memo: Total consumer credit portfolio, excluding PCI	$	1,033,634		$	1,009,407		$	5,225	$	5,413	$	1,050	$	1,053	0.97	%	1.14	%


(a)	At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , excluded operating lease assets of $10.0 billion and $9.2 billion , respectively.


(b)	Predominantly includes Business Banking loans as well as deposit overdrafts.


(c)	At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , approximately 65% and 64% of the PCI option adjustable rate mortgage (“ARMs”) portfolio has been modified into fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans, respectively.

(d)

Credit card and home equity lending-related commitments represent the total available lines of credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit would be used at the same time. For credit card and home equity commitments (if certain conditions are met), the Firm can reduce or cancel these lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice.


(e)	Receivables from customers represent margin loans to retail brokerage customers, and are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.


(f)	Includes accrued interest and fees net of an allowance for the uncollectible portion of accrued interest and fee income.


(g)	Predominantly represents prime mortgage loans held-for-sale.

(h)

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , nonaccrual loans excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $5.7 billion and $6.3 billion , respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; and (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $269 million and $290 million , respectively, that are 90 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded from nonaccrual loans based upon the government guarantee. In addition, credit card loans are generally exempt from being placed on nonaccrual status, as permitted by regulatory guidance.


(i)	Excludes PCI loans. The Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of PCI loans as they are all performing.


(j)	Net charge-offs and the net charge-off rates excluded write-offs in the PCI portfolio of $47 million and $55 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. These write-offs decreased the allowance for loan losses for PCI loans. See Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 45–47 for further details.


(k)	Average consumer loans held-for-sale were $425 million and $3.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. These amounts were excluded when calculating net charge-off rates.

Consumer, excluding credit card

Portfolio analysis

Consumer loan balances increased during the three months ended March 31, 2016 , predominantly due to originations of high-quality prime mortgage loans that have been retained, partially offset by paydowns and the charge-off or liquidation of delinquent loans. Credit performance has continued to improve across most portfolios as the economy strengthened and home prices increased.

PCI loans are excluded from the following discussions of individual loan products and are addressed separately below. For further information about the Firm’s consumer portfolio, including information about delinquencies, loan modifications and other credit quality indicators, see

Note 13 .

Home equity: The home equity portfolio declined from the 2015 year-end primarily reflecting loan paydowns and charge-offs. Both early-stage and late-stage delinquencies showed improvement from December 31, 2015 . Nonaccrual loans decreased from December 31, 2015 primarily as a result of loss mitigation activities. Net charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2016 , declined when compared with the same period of the prior year as a result of improvement in home prices and delinquencies.

At March 31, 2016 , approximately 85% of the Firm’s home equity portfolio consists of home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”) and the remainder consists of home equity loans (“HELOANs”). For further information on the Firm’s home equity portfolio, see Note 13 of this Form 10-Q and Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 115–121 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

The unpaid principal balance of HELOCs outstanding was $40 billion at March 31, 2016 . Of such amounts, approximately:


•	$12 billion have recast from interest-only to fully amortizing payments or have been modified,


•	$20 billion are scheduled to recast from interest-only to fully amortizing payments in future periods, and


•	$8 billion are interest-only balloon HELOCs, which primarily mature after 2030.

The following chart illustrates the payment recast composition of the approximately $ 28 billion of HELOCs scheduled to recast in the future, based upon the contractual terms.

HELOCs scheduled to recast

(at March 31, 2016)

The Firm has considered this payment recast risk in its allowance for loan losses based upon the estimated amount of payment shock (i.e., the excess of the fully-amortizing payment over the interest-only payment in effect prior to recast) expected to occur at the payment recast date, along with the corresponding estimated probability of default and loss severity assumptions. As part of its allowance estimate, the Firm also expects that certain of the HELOCs scheduled to recast will voluntarily pre-pay prior to or after the recast event. Based on observed activity in recent years, the Firm expects approximately 25% of such HELOCs to voluntarily pre-pay. The HELOCs that have previously recast to fully amortizing payments generally have higher delinquency rates than the HELOCs within the revolving period, primarily as a result of the payment shock at the time of recast. Certain other factors, such as future developments in both unemployment rates and home prices, could also have a significant impact on the performance of these loans.

The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are exhibiting a material deterioration in their credit risk profile. The Firm will continue to evaluate both the near-term and longer-term recast risks inherent in its HELOC portfolio to ensure that changes in the Firm’s estimate of incurred losses are appropriately considered in the allowance for loan losses and that the Firm’s account management practices are appropriate given the portfolio’s risk profile.

High-risk seconds are junior lien loans where the borrower has a senior lien loan that is either delinquent or has been modified. Such loans are considered to pose a higher risk of default than junior lien loans for which the senior lien is neither delinquent nor modified. At March 31, 2016 , the Firm estimated that its home equity portfolio contained approximately $1.3 billion of current junior lien loans that were considered high risk seconds, compared with $1.4 billion at December 31, 2015 . The Firm estimates the balance of its total exposure to high-risk seconds on a quarterly basis using internal data and loan level credit bureau data (which typically provides the delinquency status of the senior lien). The Firm considers the increased probability of default associated with these high-risk seconds in estimating the allowance for loan losses and classifies these loans as nonaccrual loans. The estimated balance of these high-risk seconds may vary from quarter to quarter for reasons such as the movement of related senior liens into and out of the 30+ day delinquency bucket. The Firm continues to monitor the risks associated with these loans. For further information, see Note 13.

Residential mortgage: The residential mortgage portfolio predominantly consists of prime-quality credits with a small component of approximately 2% of the residential mortgage portfolio in subprime mortgage loans. These subprime mortgage loans continue to run-off and are performing in line with prior experience. The residential mortgage portfolio, including loans held-for-sale, increased from December 31, 2015 due to retained originations of high-quality prime mortgage loans partially offset by paydowns and the charge-off or liquidation of delinquent loans. Originations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 were primarily prime-quality fixed interest rate loans, and included both jumbo and conforming loans. Both early-stage and late-stage delinquencies showed improvement from December 31, 2015 . Nonaccrual loans decreased from December 31, 2015 primarily as a result of loss mitigation activities. Net charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2016 remain low, reflecting continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies.

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm’s residential mortgage portfolio included $10.8 billion and $11.1 billion , respectively, of mortgage loans insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, of which $7.6 billion and $8.4 billion , respectively, were 30 days or more past due (of these past due loans, $5.7 billion and $6.3 billion , respectively, were 90 days or more past due). The Firm monitors its exposure to any potential unrecoverable claim payments for government insured loans and considers this exposure in estimating the allowance for loan losses, where appropriate. The financial impact related to exposure for future claims of government guaranteed loans is not expected to be significant.

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm’s residential mortgage portfolio included $17.9 billion and $17.7 billion , respectively, of interest-only loans. These loans have an interest-only payment period generally followed by an adjustable-rate or fixed-rate fully amortizing payment period to maturity and are typically originated as higher-balance loans to higher-income borrowers. To date, losses on this portfolio generally have been consistent with the broader prime mortgage portfolio and the Firm’s expectations. The Firm continues to monitor the risks associated with these loans.

Auto: Auto loans increased compared with December 31, 2015 , as new originations outpaced paydowns and payoffs. Nonaccrual loans decreased compared with December 31, 2015 . Net charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased compared with the same period of the prior year as a result of higher loan balances and a moderate increase in loss severity. The auto loan portfolio predominantly consists of prime-quality credits.

Business banking: Business banking loans increased compared with December 31, 2015 due to growth in loan originations. Nonaccrual loans increased compared with December 31, 2015 . Net charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased from prior year due to continued discipline in credit underwriting.

Student and other: Student and other loans decreased from December 31, 2015 , due primarily to the run-off of the student loan portfolio as the Firm ceased originations of student loans during the fourth quarter of 2013. Nonaccrual loans and net charge-offs also declined as a result of the run-off the student loan portfolio.

Purchased credit-impaired loans: PCI loans decreased as the portfolio continues to run off.

As of March 31, 2016 , approximately 13% of the option ARM PCI loans were delinquent and approximately 65% of the portfolio has been modified into fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans. Substantially all of the remaining loans are making amortizing payments, although such payments are not necessarily fully amortizing. This latter group of loans is subject to the risk of payment shock due to future payment recast. Default rates generally increase on option ARM loans when payment recast results in a payment increase. The expected increase in default rates is considered in the Firm’s quarterly impairment assessment.

The following table provides a summary of lifetime principal loss estimates included in either the nonaccretable difference or the allowance for loan losses.



Summary of PCI loans lifetime principal loss estimates
	Lifetime loss estimates ^(a)				LTD liquidation losses ^(b)
(in billions)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015
Home equity	$	14.6	$	14.5	$	12.7	$	12.7
Prime mortgage	4.0		4.0		3.7		3.7
Subprime mortgage	3.2		3.3		3.0		3.0
Option ARMs	10.1		10.0		9.6		9.5
Total	$	31.9	$	31.8	$	29.0	$	28.9


(a)	Includes the original nonaccretable difference established in purchase accounting of $30.5 billion for principal losses plus additional principal losses recognized subsequent to acquisition through the provision and allowance for loan losses. The remaining nonaccretable difference for principal losses was $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.


(b)	Life-to-date (“LTD”) liquidation losses represent both realization of loss upon loan resolution and any principal forgiven upon modification.

Current estimated LTVs of residential real estate loans

The current estimated average loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio for residential real estate loans retained, excluding mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies and PCI loans, was 58% at March 31, 2016 , compared with 59% at December 31, 2015 . The current estimated average LTV ratio for residential real estate PCI loans, based on the unpaid principal balances, was 67% at March 31, 2016 , compared with 69% at December 31, 2015 .

Average LTV ratios have declined consistent with recent improvements in home prices. For further information on current estimated LTVs on residential real estate loans, see Note 13 .

Geographic composition of residential real estate loans

For information on the geographic composition of the Firm’s residential real estate loans, see Note 13 .

Loan modification activities – residential real estate loans

The performance of modified loans generally differs by product type due to differences in both the credit quality and the types of modifications provided. The performance of modifications completed under both the U.S. Government’s Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”) and the Firm’s proprietary modification programs (primarily the Firm’s modification program that was modeled after HAMP), as measured through cumulative redefault rates, was not materially different from December 31, 2015. For further information on the Firm’s cumulative redefault rates see Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 115-121 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Certain loans that were modified under HAMP and the Firm’s proprietary modification programs have interest rate reset provisions (“step-rate modifications”). Interest rates on these loans generally began to increase beginning in 2014 by 1% per year, and continue to do so, until the rate reaches a specified cap, typically at a prevailing market interest rate for a fixed-rate loan as of the modification date. The carrying value of non-PCI loans modified in step-rate modifications was $4 billion at March 31, 2016 . The unpaid principal balance of PCI loans modified in step-rate modifications was $10 billion at March 31, 2016 . The Firm continues to monitor this risk exposure and the impact of these potential interest rate increases is considered in the Firm’s allowance for loan losses.

The following table presents information as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , relating to modified retained residential real estate loans for which concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. For further information on modifications for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , see

Note 13 .



Modified residential real estate loans
	March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Retained loans		Non-accrual retained loans ^(d)		Retained loans		Non-accrual retained loans ^(d)
Modified residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans ^(a)(b)
Home equity	$	2,362	1,211		$	2,358	1,220
Residential mortgage	6,530		1,883		6,690		1,957
Total modified residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans	$	8,892	$	3,094	$	9,048	$	3,177
Modified PCI loans ^(c)
Home equity	$	2,523	NA		$	2,526	NA
Prime mortgage	5,546		NA		5,686		NA
Subprime mortgage	3,156		NA		3,242		NA
Option ARMs	10,164		NA		10,427		NA
Total modified PCI loans	$	21,389	NA		$	21,881	NA


(a)	Amounts represent the carrying value of modified residential real estate loans.

(b)

At both March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , $3.8 billion of loans modified subsequent to repurchase from Ginnie Mae in accordance with the standards of the appropriate government agency (i.e., FHA, VA, RHS) are not included in the table above. When such loans perform subsequent to modification in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines, they are generally sold back into Ginnie Mae loan pools. Modified loans that do not re-perform become subject to foreclosure. For additional information about sales

of loans in securitization transactions with Ginnie Mae, see Note 15 .


(c)	Amounts represent the unpaid principal balance of modified PCI loans.


(d)	As of both March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , nonaccrual loans included $2.5 billion of troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) for which the borrowers were less than 90 days past due. For additional information about loans modified in a TDR that are on nonaccrual status, see Note 13 .

Nonperforming assets

The following table presents information as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , about consumer, excluding credit card, nonperforming assets.



Nonperforming assets ^(a)
(in millions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Nonaccrual loans ^(b)
Residential real estate	$	4,637	$	4,792
Other consumer	588		621
Total nonaccrual loans	5,225		5,413
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned	260		277
Other	47		48
Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions	307		325
Total nonperforming assets	$	5,532	$	5,738

(a)

(b)

Excludes PCI loans which are accounted for on a pool basis. Since each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, the past-due status of the pools, or that of individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Because the Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of loans, they are all considered to be performing.

Nonaccrual loans in the residential real estate portfolio decreased to $4.6 billion at March 31, 2016 from $4.8 billion at December 31, 2015 , of which 30% and 31% were greater than 150 days past due respectively. In the aggregate, the unpaid principal balance of residential real estate loans greater than 150 days past due was charged down by approximately 43% and 44% to the estimated net realizable value of the collateral at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

Active and suspended foreclosure: For information on loans that were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure, see Note 13 .

Nonaccrual loans: The following table presents changes in consumer, excluding credit card, nonaccrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .



Nonaccrual loans
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
Beginning balance	$	5,413		$	6,509
Additions	903			980
Reductions:
Principal payments and other ^(a)	342			442
Charge-offs	195			211
Returned to performing status	442			450
Foreclosures and other liquidations	112			145
Total reductions	1,091			1,248
Net additions/(reductions)	(188		)	(268		)
Ending balance	$	5,225		$	6,241


(a)	Other reductions includes loan sales.

Credit Card

Total credit card loans decreased from December 31, 2015 due to seasonality. The March 31, 2016 30+ day delinquency rate increased to 1.45% from 1.43% at December 31, 2015 , but remains near record lows. For both the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , the net charge-off rate was 2.62% . The credit card portfolio continues to reflect a well-seasoned, largely rewards-based portfolio that has good U.S. geographic diversification. For information on the geographic composition of the Firm’s credit card loans, see Note 13 .

Modifications of credit card loans

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm had $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion , respectively, of credit card loans outstanding that have been modified in TDRs. These balances included both credit card loans with modified payment terms and credit card loans that reverted back to their pre-modification payment terms because the cardholder did not comply with the modified payment terms. The decrease in modified credit card loans outstanding from December 31, 2015 , was attributable to a reduction in new modifications as well as ongoing payments and charge-offs on previously modified credit card loans.

Consistent with the Firm’s policy, all credit card loans typically remain on accrual status until charged-off. However, the Firm establishes an allowance, which is offset against loans and charged to interest income, for the estimated uncollectible portion of accrued interest and fee income.

For additional information about loan modification

programs to borrowers, see Note 13 .



WHOLESALE CREDIT PORTFOLIO

The Firm’s wholesale businesses are exposed to credit risk through underwriting, lending, market-making, and hedging activities with and for clients and counterparties, as well as through various operating services such as cash management and clearing activities. A portion of the loans originated or acquired by the Firm’s wholesale businesses is generally retained on the balance sheet. The Firm distributes a significant percentage of the loans it originates into the market as part of its syndicated loan business and to manage portfolio concentrations and credit risk.

The wholesale credit portfolio, excluding the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines portfolios, and Metals & Mining portfolio, continued to be generally stable for the three months ended March 31, 2016, characterized by low levels of criticized exposure, nonaccrual loans and charge-offs. See industry discussion on pages 40–42 for further information. Growth in loans retained was driven by increased client activity, notably in commercial real estate. Discipline in underwriting across all areas of lending continues to remain a key point of focus. The wholesale portfolio is actively managed, in part by conducting ongoing, in-depth reviews of client credit quality and transaction structure, inclusive of collateral where applicable; and of industry, product and client concentrations.



Wholesale credit portfolio
	Credit exposure						Nonperforming ^(c)
(in millions)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Loans retained	$	364,312		$	357,050		$	2,203		$	988
Loans held-for-sale	796			1,104			—			3
Loans at fair value	1,923			2,861			7			25
Loans – reported	367,031			361,015			2,210			1,016
Derivative receivables	70,209			59,677			212			204
Receivables from customers and other ^(a)	16,167			13,372			—			—
Total wholesale credit-related assets	453,407			434,064			2,422			1,220
Lending-related commitments	367,466			366,399			722			193
Total wholesale credit exposure	$	820,873		$	800,463		$	3,144		$	1,413
Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities ^(b)	$	(23,849	)	$	(20,681	)	$	(40	)	$	(9	)
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives	(19,528		)	(16,580		)	NA			NA


(a)	Receivables from customers and other include $16.1 billion and $13.3 billion of margin loans at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively, to prime and retail brokerage customers; these are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.


(b)	Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives used to manage both performing and nonperforming wholesale credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. For additional information, see Credit derivatives on page 44 , and Note 5 .


(c)	Excludes assets acquired in loan satisfactions.

The following tables present the maturity and ratings profiles of the wholesale credit portfolio as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings, which generally correspond to the ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s. For additional information on wholesale loan portfolio risk ratings, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



Wholesale credit exposure – maturity and ratings profile
	Maturity profile ^(e)												Ratings profile
March 31, 2016	Due in 1 year or less			Due after 1 year through 5 years			Due after 5 years			Total			Investment-grade			Noninvestment-grade			Total			Total % of IG
(in millions, except ratios)													AAA/Aaa to BBB-/Baa3			BB+/Ba1 & below
Loans retained	$	112,671		$	159,501		$	92,140		$	364,312		$	269,693		$	94,619		$	364,312		74	%
Derivative receivables										70,209									70,209
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives										(19,528		)							(19,528		)
Total derivative receivables, net of all collateral	13,961			12,228			24,492			50,681			41,944			8,737			50,681			83
Lending-related commitments	104,953			251,818			10,695			367,466			270,600			96,866			367,466			74
Subtotal	231,585			423,547			127,327			782,459			582,237			200,222			782,459			74
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value ^(a)										2,719									2,719
Receivables from customers and other										16,167									16,167
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives										$	801,345								$	801,345
Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities by reference entity ratings profile ^(b)(c)(d)	$	(2,411	)	$	(11,515	)	$	(9,923	)	$	(23,849	)	$	(20,252	)	$	(3,597	)	$	(23,849	)	85	%



	Maturity profile ^(e)												Ratings profile
December 31, 2015	Due in 1 year or less			Due after 1 year through 5 years			Due after 5 years			Total			Investment-grade			Noninvestment-grade			Total			Total % of IG
(in millions, except ratios)													AAA/Aaa to BBB-/Baa3			BB+/Ba1 & below
Loans retained	$	110,348		$	155,902		$	90,800		$	357,050		$	267,736		$	89,314		$	357,050		75	%
Derivative receivables										59,677									59,677
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives										(16,580		)							(16,580		)
Total derivative receivables, net of all collateral	11,399			12,836			18,862			43,097			34,773			8,324			43,097			81
Lending-related commitments	105,514			251,042			9,843			366,399			267,922			98,477			366,399			73
Subtotal	227,261			419,780			119,505			766,546			570,431			196,115			766,546			74
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value ^(a)										3,965									3,965
Receivables from customers and other										13,372									13,372
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives										$	783,883								$	783,883
Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities by reference entity ratings profile ^(b)(c)(d)	$	(808	)	$	(14,427	)	$	(5,446	)	$	(20,681	)	$	(17,754	)	$	(2,927	)	$	(20,681	)	86	%


(a)	Represents loans held-for-sale, primarily related to syndicated loans and loans transferred from the retained portfolio, and loans at fair value.


(b)	These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP.


(c)	The notional amounts are presented on a net basis by underlying reference entity and the ratings profile shown is based on the ratings of the reference entity on which protection has been purchased.


(d)	Predominantly all of the credit derivatives entered into by the Firm where it has purchased protection, including Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities, are executed with investment-grade counterparties.


(e)	The maturity profile of retained loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables is based on the remaining contractual maturity. Derivative contracts that are in a receivable position at March 31, 2016 , may become payable prior to maturity based on their cash flow profile or changes in market conditions.

Wholesale credit exposure – industry exposures

The Firm focuses on the management and diversification of its industry exposures, paying particular attention to industries with actual or potential credit concerns. Exposures deemed criticized align with the U.S. banking regulators’ definition of criticized exposures, which consist

of the special mention, substandard and doubtful categories. The total criticized component of the portfolio, excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value, was $21.2 billion at March 31, 2016 , compared with $14.6 billion at December 31, 2015 , driven by downgrades, including within the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines portfolios, and in the Metals & Mining portfolio.

Below are summaries of the Firm’s exposures as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . For additional information on industry concentrations, see Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



Wholesale credit exposure – industries ^(a)											Selected metrics
											30 days or more past due and accruing loans		Net charge-offs/ (recoveries)			Credit derivative hedges ^(f)			Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables
					Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the three months ended	Credit exposure ^(e)		Investment- grade		Noncriticized		Criticized performing		Criticized nonperforming
March 31, 2016
(in millions)
Real Estate	$	120,545	$	91,291	$	27,650	$	1,351	$	253	$	168	$	(2	)	$	(145	)	$	(114	)
Consumer & Retail	84,131		53,216		28,489		2,200		226		57		8			(767		)	(36		)
Technology, Media & Telecommunications	59,516		30,346		27,860		1,304		6		10		2			(961		)	(55		)
Industrials	55,028		36,647		17,130		1,162		89		54		—			(797		)	(19		)
Healthcare	46,658		38,903		7,165		543		47		190		(1		)	(265		)	(320		)
Banks & Finance Cos	42,811		34,858		7,316		627		10		13		(1		)	(1,332		)	(6,347		)
Oil & Gas	40,724		19,146		11,836		8,033		1,709		3		46			(874		)	(24		)
Utilities	35,954		29,580		5,834		401		139		—		—			(278		)	(272		)
State & Municipal Govt ^(b)	29,374		28,609		696		6		63		1		—			(147		)	(124		)
Asset Managers	26,018		22,102		3,895		21		—		8		—			(5		)	(4,860		)
Central Govt	22,938		22,570		343		24		1		2		—			(10,209		)	(3,335		)
Transportation	18,697		12,964		5,534		199		—		44		—			(137		)	(248		)
Chemicals/Plastics	15,992		11,903		3,841		217		31		—		—			(125		)	—
Automotive	14,245		9,199		4,831		214		1		19		—			(502		)	(1		)
Metals & Mining	13,648		5,025		6,924		1,477		222		4		1			(473		)	(3		)
Insurance	12,203		10,408		1,627		62		106		35		—			(306		)	(1,554		)
Financial Markets Infrastructure	8,909		7,965		944		—		—		—		—			—			(172		)
Securities Firms	4,730		1,517		3,201		12		—		—		—			(118		)	(566		)
All other ^(c)	149,866		132,993		16,460		179		234		1,096		7			(6,408		)	(1,478		)
Subtotal	$	801,987	$	599,242	$	181,576	$	18,032	$	3,137	$	1,704	$	60		$	(23,849	)	$	(19,528	)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value	2,719
Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables	16,167
Total ^(d)	$	820,873



											Selected metrics
											30 days or more past due and accruing loans		Net charge-offs/ (recoveries)			Credit derivative hedges ^(f)			Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables
					Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the year ended	Credit exposure ^(e)		Investment- grade		Noncriticized		Criticized performing		Criticized nonperforming
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Real Estate	$	116,857	$	88,076	$	27,087	$	1,463	$	231	$	208	$	(14	)	$	(54	)	$	(47	)
Consumer & Retail	85,460		53,647		29,659		1,947		207		18		13			(288		)	(94		)
Technology, Media & Telecommunications	57,382		29,205		26,925		1,208		44		5		(1		)	(806		)	(21		)
Industrials	54,386		36,519		16,663		1,164		40		59		8			(386		)	(39		)
Healthcare	46,053		37,858		7,755		394		46		129		(7		)	(24		)	(245		)
Banks & Finance Cos	43,398		35,071		7,654		610		63		17		(5		)	(974		)	(5,509		)
Oil & Gas	42,077		24,379		13,158		4,263		277		22		13			(530		)	(37		)
Utilities	30,853		24,983		5,655		168		47		3		—			(190		)	(289		)
State & Municipal Govt ^(b)	29,114		28,307		745		7		55		55		(8		)	(146		)	(81		)
Asset Managers	23,815		20,214		3,570		31		—		18		—			(6		)	(4,453		)
Central Govt	17,968		17,871		97		—		—		7		—			(9,359		)	(2,393		)
Transportation	19,227		13,258		5,801		167		1		15		3			(51		)	(243		)
Chemicals/Plastics	15,232		10,910		4,017		274		31		9		—			(17		)	—
Automotive	13,864		9,182		4,580		101		1		4		(2		)	(487		)	(1		)
Metals & Mining	14,049		6,522		6,434		1,008		85		1		—			(449		)	(4		)
Insurance	11,889		9,812		1,958		26		93		23		—			(157		)	(1,410		)
Financial Markets Infrastructure	7,973		7,304		669		—		—		—		—			—			(167		)
Securities Firms	4,412		1,505		2,907		—		—		3		—			(102		)	(256		)
All other ^(c)	149,117		130,488		18,095		370		164		1,015		10			(6,655		)	(1,291		)
Subtotal	$	783,126	$	585,111	$	183,429	$	13,201	$	1,385	$	1,611	$	10		$	(20,681	)	$	(16,580	)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value	3,965
Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables	13,372
Total ^(d)	$	800,463


(a)	The industry rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2015 , are based on the industry rankings of the corresponding exposures at March 31, 2016 , not actual rankings of such exposures at December 31, 2015 .

(b)

In addition to the credit risk exposure to states and municipal governments (both U.S. and non-U.S.) at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , noted above, the Firm held: $8.1 billion and $ 7.6 billion , respectively, of trading securities; $33.4 billion and $33.6 billion , respectively, of available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities; and $12.8 billion of held-to-maturity (“HTM”) securities, issued by U.S. state and municipal governments. For further information, see Note 5 and Note 11 .


(c)	All other includes: individuals; SPEs; holding companies; and private education and civic organizations, representing approximately 53%, 37%, 6% and 4%, respectively, at March 31, 2016 , and 54%, 37%, 5% and 4% respectively, at December 31, 2015 ..


(d)	Excludes cash placed with banks of $369.1 billion and $351.0 billion, at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively, placed with various central banks, predominantly Federal Reserve Banks.


(e)	Credit exposure is net of risk participations and excludes the benefit of Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities held against derivative receivables or loans and Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables.


(f)	Represents the net notional amounts of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives used to manage the credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. The All other category includes purchased credit protection on certain credit indices.

Presented below is a discussion of certain industries to which the Firm has significant exposures and which present actual or potential credit concerns.

Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines

The following table presents Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipeline exposures as of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015.



	March 31, 2016
(in millions, except ratios)	Loans and Lending-related Commitments		Derivative Receivables		Credit exposure		% Investment-grade		% Drawn
Exploration & Production ( “ E&P”) and Oilfield Services ^(a)	$	22,436	$	414	$	22,850	27	%	41	%
Other Oil & Gas ^(b)	16,892		982		17,874		73		27
Total Oil & Gas	39,328		1,396		40,724		47		35
Natural Gas Pipelines ^(c)	6,952		191		7,143		73		17
Total Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines	$	46,280	$	1,587	$	47,867	51		32

	December 31, 2015
(in millions, except ratios)	Loans and Lending-related Commitments		Derivative Receivables		Credit exposure		% Investment- grade		% Drawn
E&P and Oilfield Services ^(a)	$	23,055	$	400	$	23,455	44	%	36	%
Other Oil & Gas ^(b)	17,120		1,502		18,622		76		27
Total Oil & Gas	40,175		1,902		42,077		58		32
Natural Gas Pipelines ^(c)	4,093		158		4,251		64		21
Total Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines	$	44,268	$	2,060	$	46,328	59		31


(a)	Noninvestment-grade exposure to E&P and Oilfield Services is largely secured.


(b)	Other Oil & Gas includes Integrated Oil & Gas companies, Midstream/Oil Pipeline companies and refineries.


(c)	Natural Gas Pipelines is reported within the Utilities industry.

Exposure to the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines industries was approximately 5.8% of the Firm’s total wholesale exposure as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Exposure to these industries increased by $1.5 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2016 to $47.9 billion; of the $47.9 billion, $15.3 billion was drawn. As of March 31, 2016, approximately $24.4 billion of the exposure was investment grade, of which $4.6 billion was drawn, and approximately $23.5 billion of the exposure was noninvestment grade, of which $10.7 billion was drawn; 21% of the exposure to the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines industries was criticized. Secured lending, of which approximately half is reserve-based lending to the Exploration & Production sub-sector of the Oil & Gas industry, was $14.2 billion as of March 31, 2016; 45% of the secured lending exposure was drawn. Exposure to commercial real estate, which is reported within the Real Estate industry, in certain areas of Texas, California and Colorado, that are deemed sensitive to the Oil & Gas industry, was approximately $4 billion as of March 31, 2016. The Firm continues to actively monitor and manage its exposure to the Oil & Gas industry in light of market conditions, and is also actively monitoring potential contagion effects on other related or dependent industries and geographies.

Metals & Mining : Exposure to the Metals & Mining industry was approximately 1.7% and 1.8% of the Firm’s total wholesale exposure as of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. Exposure to the Metals & Mining industry decreased by $401 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 to $13.6 billion, of which $4.9 billion was drawn. The portfolio largely consisted of exposure in North America, and was concentrated in the Steel and Diversified Mining sub-sectors. Approximately 37% and 46% of the exposure in the Metals & Mining portfolio was investment-grade as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

Loans

In the normal course of its wholesale business, the Firm provides loans to a variety of customers, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to high-net-worth individuals. The Firm actively manages its wholesale credit exposure. One way of managing credit risk is through secondary market sales of loans and lending-related commitments. For further discussion on loans, including information on credit quality indicators and sales of loans, see Note 13 .

The following table presents the change in the nonaccrual loan portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .



Wholesale nonaccrual loan activity ^(a)
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Beginning balance	$	1,016	$	624
Additions	1,412		418
Reductions:
Paydowns and other	104		162
Gross charge-offs	69		28
Returned to performing status	21		132
Sales	24		—
Total reductions	218		322
Net changes	1,194		96
Ending balance	$	2,210	$	720


(a)	Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management believes full payment of principal and interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and interest have been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection.

The following table presents net charge-offs/recoveries, which are defined as gross charge-offs less recoveries, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 . The amounts in the table below do not include gains or losses from sales of nonaccrual loans.



Wholesale net charge-offs/(recoveries)
(in millions, except ratios)	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Loans – reported
Average loans retained	$	360,306		$	327,895
Gross charge-offs	69			29
Gross recoveries	(9		)	(30		)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)	60			(1		)
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate	0.07		%	—		%

Lending-related commitments

The Firm uses lending-related financial instruments, such as commitments (including revolving credit facilities) and guarantees, to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amounts of these financial instruments represent the maximum possible credit risk should the counterparties draw down on these commitments or the Firm fulfills its obligations under these guarantees, and the counterparties subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of these contracts.

In the Firm’s view, the total contractual amount of these wholesale lending-related commitments is not representative of the Firm’s likely actual future credit exposure or funding requirements. In determining the amount of credit risk exposure the Firm has to wholesale lending-related commitments, which is used as the basis for allocating credit risk capital to these commitments, the Firm has established a “loan-equivalent” amount for each commitment; this amount represents the portion of the unused commitment or other contingent exposure that is expected, based on average portfolio historical experience, to become drawn upon in an event of a default by an obligor. The loan-equivalent amount of the Firm’s wholesale lending-related commitments was $215.7 billion and $212.4 billion as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

Derivative contracts

In the normal course of business, the Firm uses derivative instruments predominantly for market-making activities. Derivatives enable clients to manage exposures to fluctuations in interest rates, currencies and other markets. The Firm also uses derivative instruments to manage its own credit and other market risk exposure. For further discussion of derivative contracts, see Note 5 .

The following table summarizes the net derivative receivables for the periods presented.



Derivative receivables
(in millions)	Derivative receivables
	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Interest rate	$	35,610		$	26,363
Credit derivatives	1,094			1,423
Foreign exchange	18,932			17,177
Equity	6,265			5,529
Commodity	8,308			9,185
Total, net of cash collateral	70,209			59,677
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables ^(a)	(19,528		)	(16,580		)
Total, net of collateral	$	50,681		$	43,097


(a)	Includes collateral related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained.

Derivative receivables reported on the Consolidated balance sheets were $70.2 billion and $59.7 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively. These amounts represent the fair value of the derivative contracts after giving effect to legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral held by the Firm. However, in management’s view, the appropriate measure of current credit risk should also take into consideration additional liquid securities (primarily U.S. government and agency securities and other group of seven nations (“G7”) government bonds) and other cash collateral held by the Firm aggregating $19.5 billion and $16.6 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively, that may be used as security when the fair value of the client’s exposure is in the Firm’s favor. The increase in derivative receivables was predominantly related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB, which resulted in higher interest rate and foreign exchange derivative receivables, driven by market movements.

In addition to the collateral described in the preceding paragraph, the Firm also holds additional collateral (primarily cash, G7 government securities, other liquid government-agency and guaranteed securities, and corporate debt and equity securities) delivered by clients at the initiation of transactions, as well as collateral related to contracts that have a non-daily call frequency and collateral that the Firm has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date. Although this collateral does not reduce the balances and is not included in the table above, it is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the fair value of the client’s derivative transactions move in the Firm’s favor.

The derivative receivables fair value, net of all collateral, also does not include other credit enhancements, such as letters of credit. For additional information on the Firm’s use of collateral agreements, see Note 5 .

The following table summarizes the ratings profile by derivative counterparty of the Firm’s derivative receivables, including credit derivatives, net of other liquid securities collateral, at the dates indicated. The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal ratings, which generally correspond to the ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s.



Ratings profile of derivative receivables
Rating equivalent	March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
(in millions, except ratios)	Exposure net of collateral		% of exposure net of collateral		Exposure net of collateral		% of exposure net of collateral
AAA/Aaa to AA-/Aa3	$	13,312	26	%	$	10,371	24	%
A+/A1 to A-/A3	12,137		24		10,595		25
BBB+/Baa1 to BBB-/Baa3	16,495		33		13,807		32
BB+/Ba1 to B-/B3	7,987		16		7,500		17
CCC+/Caa1 and below	750		1		824		2
Total	$	50,681	100	%	$	43,097	100	%

As previously noted, the Firm uses collateral agreements to mitigate counterparty credit risk. The percentage of the Firm’s derivatives transactions subject to collateral agreements — excluding foreign exchange spot trades, which are not typically covered by collateral agreements due to their short maturity — was 87% for both March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

Credit derivatives

The Firm uses credit derivatives for two primary purposes: first, in its capacity as a market-maker, and second, as an end-user, to manage the Firm’s own credit risk associated with various exposures. For a detailed description of credit derivatives, see Credit derivatives in Note 5 of this Form

10-Q, and Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Credit portfolio management activities

Included in the Firm’s end-user activities are credit derivatives used to mitigate the credit risk associated with traditional lending activities (loans and unfunded commitments) and derivatives counterparty exposure in the Firm’s wholesale businesses (collectively, “credit portfolio management” activities). Information on credit portfolio management activities is provided in the table below. For further information on derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities, see Credit derivatives in Note 5 of this Form 10-Q , and Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities
	Notional amount of protection purchased and sold ^(a)
(in millions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Credit derivatives used to manage:
Loans and lending-related commitments	$	2,388	$	2,289
Derivative receivables	21,461		18,392
Credit portfolio management derivatives notional, net	$	23,849	$	20,681


(a)	Amounts are presented net, considering the Firm’s net protection purchased or sold with respect to each underlying reference entity or index.



ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

JPMorgan Chase ’s allowance for loan losses covers both the consumer (primarily scored) portfolio and wholesale (risk-rated) portfolio. The allowance represents management’s estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the Firm’s loan portfolio. Management also determines an allowance for wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments.

For a further discussion of the components of the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments, see Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 66–67 and Note 14 of this Form 10-Q, and Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 165–169 and Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

At least quarterly, the allowance for credit losses is reviewed by the Chief Risk Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the Controller of the Firm, and discussed with the Board of Directors’ Risk Policy Committee (“DRPC”) and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. As of March 31, 2016 , JPMorgan Chase deemed the allowance for

credit losses to be appropriate and sufficient to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio.

The consumer allowance for loan losses was relatively unchanged from December 31, 2015 , reflecting stable credit quality trends and for the consumer, excluding credit card allowance, improved credit quality of the loan portfolio, primarily driven by originations of high-quality mortgages and the run-off of lower-quality legacy portfolios. For additional information about delinquencies and nonaccrual loans in the consumer, excluding credit card, loan portfolio, see Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 32–37 and Note 13 .

The wholesale allowance for credit losses increased from December 31, 2015 , primarily driven by downgrades in the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines portfolios, and in the Metals & Mining portfolio. Excluding these portfolios, the wholesale portfolio continued to experience generally stable credit quality trends and low charge-off rates.



Summary of changes in the allowance for credit losses
	2016												2015
Three months ended March 31,	Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card			Wholesale			Total			Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card			Wholesale			Total
(in millions, except ratios)
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance at January 1,	$	5,806		$	3,434		$	4,315		$	13,555		$	7,050		$	3,439		$	3,696		$	14,185
Gross charge-offs	365			923			69			1,357			440			883			29			1,352
Gross recoveries	(145		)	(93		)	(9		)	(247		)	(176		)	(94		)	(30		)	(300		)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)	220			830			60			1,110			264			789			(1		)	1,052
Write-offs of PCI loans ^(a)	47			—			—			47			55			—			—			55
Provision for loan losses	221			830			545			1,596			141			789			58			988
Other	—			—			—			—			—			(5		)	4			(1		)
Ending balance at March 31,	$	5,760		$	3,434		$	4,800		$	13,994		$	6,872		$	3,434		$	3,759		$	14,065
Impairment methodology
Asset-specific ^(b)	$	371		$	427		$	565		$	1,363		$	537		$	458		$	115		$	1,110
Formula-based	2,694			3,007			4,235			9,936			3,065			2,976			3,644			9,685
PCI	2,695			—			—			2,695			3,270			—			—			3,270
Total allowance for loan losses	$	5,760		$	3,434		$	4,800		$	13,994		$	6,872		$	3,434		$	3,759		$	14,065
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1,	$	14		$	—		$	772		$	786		$	13		$	—		$	609		$	622
Provision for lending-related commitments	—			—			228			228			1			—			(30		)	(29		)
Ending balance at March 31,	$	14		$	—		$	1,000		$	1,014		$	14		$	—		$	579		$	593
Impairment methodology
Asset-specific	$	—		$	—		$	192		$	192		$	—		$	—		$	55		$	55
Formula-based	14			—			808			822			14			—			524			538
Total allowance for lending-related commitments ^(c)	$	14		$	—		$	1,000		$	1,014		$	14		$	—		$	579		$	593
Total allowance for credit losses	$	5,774		$	3,434		$	5,800		$	15,008		$	6,886		$	3,434		$	4,338		$	14,658
Memo:
Retained loans, end of period	$	353,871		$	126,012		$	364,312		$	844,195		$	304,917		$	120,835		$	331,219		$	756,971
Retained loans, average	348,916			127,227			360,306			836,449			299,789			122,352			327,895			750,036
PCI loans, end of period	39,743			—			4			39,747			45,356			—			4			45,360
Credit ratios
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans	1.63		%	2.73		%	1.32		%	1.66		%	2.25		%	2.84		%	1.13		%	1.86		%
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans ^(d)	112			NM			218			190			110			NM			540			203
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card	112			NM			218			143			110			NM			540			154
Net charge-off/(recovery) rates	0.25			2.62			0.07			0.53			0.36			2.62			—			0.57
Credit ratios, excluding residential real estate PCI loans
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans	0.98			2.73			1.32			1.40			1.39			2.84			1.13			1.52
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans ^(d)	59			NM			218			153			58			NM			540			156
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card	59			NM			218			107			58			NM			540			106
Net charge-off/(recovery) rates	0.29		%	2.62		%	0.07		%	0.56		%	0.42		%	2.62		%	—		%	0.61		%

Note: In the table above, the financial measures which exclude the impact of PCI loans are non-GAAP financial measures. For additional information, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 14–15 .


(a)	Write-offs of PCI loans are recorded against the allowance for loan losses when actual losses for a pool exceed estimated losses that were recorded as purchase accounting adjustments at the time of acquisition. A write-off of a PCI loan is recognized when the underlying loan is removed from a pool (e.g., upon liquidation).


(b)	Includes risk-rated loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and loans that have been modified in a TDR. The asset-specific credit card allowance for loan losses modified in a TDR is calculated based on the loans’ original contractual interest rates and does not consider any incremental penalty rates.


(c)	The allowance for lending-related commitments is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.


(d)	The Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.

Provision for credit losses

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 , the provision for credit losses was $1.8 billion compared with $959 million in the prior year.

The total consumer provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased when compared with the prior year, as the prior year included a reduction in the allowance for loan losses.

The wholesale provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased from the prior year reflecting the impact of downgrades in the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines portfolios, and in the Metals & Mining portfolio.



	Three months ended March 31,
	Provision for loan losses				Provision for lending-related commitments					Total provision for credit losses
(in millions)	2016		2015		2016		2015			2016		2015
Consumer, excluding credit card	$	221	$	141	$	—	$	1		$	221	$	142
Credit card	830		789		—		—			830		789
Total consumer	1,051		930		—		1			1,051		931
Wholesale	545		58		228		(30		)	773		28
Total	$	1,596	$	988	$	228	$	(29	)	$	1,824	$	959



MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT

Market risk is the potential for adverse changes in the value of the Firm’s assets and liabilities resulting from changes in market variables such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices, implied volatilities or credit spreads. For a discussion of the Firm’s market risk management organization, risk identification and classification, tools used to measure risk, and risk monitoring and control, see Market Risk Management on pages 133–139 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Value-at-risk

JPMorgan Chase utilizes VaR, a statistical risk measure, to estimate the potential loss from adverse market moves in a normal market environment. The Firm has a single VaR framework used as a basis for calculating Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR.

Since VaR is based on historical data, it is an imperfect measure of market risk exposure and potential losses, and it is not used to estimate the impact of stressed market conditions or to manage any impact from potential stress events. In addition, based on their reliance on available historical data, limited time horizons, and other factors, VaR measures are inherently limited in their ability to measure certain risks and to predict losses, particularly those associated with market illiquidity and sudden or severe shifts in market conditions. The Firm therefore considers other measures in addition to VaR, such as stress testing, to capture and manage its market risk positions.

In addition, for certain products, specific risk parameters are not captured in VaR due to the lack of inherent liquidity and availability of appropriate historical data. The Firm uses proxies to estimate the VaR for these and other products when daily time series are not available. It is likely that using an actual price-based time series for these products, if available, would affect the VaR results presented.

The Firm uses alternative methods to capture and measure those risk parameters that are not otherwise captured in VaR, including economic-value stress testing and nonstatistical measures. For further information, see Market Risk Management on pages 133–139 of the 2015 Annual Report.

The Firm’s VaR model calculations are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s portfolios, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s modeling techniques and other factors. Such changes may also affect historical comparisons of VaR results. For information regarding model reviews and approvals, see Model Risk Management on page 142 of the 2015 Annual Report.

The Firm’s Risk Management VaR is calculated assuming a one-day holding period and an expected tail-loss methodology which approximates a 95% confidence level. For risk management purposes, the Firm believes this methodology provides a stable measure of VaR that closely aligns to the day-to-day risk management decisions made by the lines of business, and provides the necessary and appropriate information to respond to risk events on a daily basis. The Firm calculates separately a daily aggregated VaR in accordance with regulatory rules (“Regulatory VaR”), which is used to derive the Firm’s regulatory VaR-based capital requirements under Basel III. For further information regarding the key differences between Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR, see page 135 of the 2015 Annual Report. For additional information on Regulatory VaR and the other components of market risk regulatory capital for the Firm (e.g. VaR-based measure, stressed VaR-based measure and the respective backtesting), see JPMorgan Chase’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website at:

(http://investor.shareholder.com/jpmorganchase/basel.cfm).

The table below shows the results of the Firm’s Risk Management VaR measure using a 95% confidence level.



Total VaR	Three months ended March 31,
	2016										2015										At March 31,
(in millions)	Avg.				Min			Max			Avg.				Min			Max			2016				2015
CIB trading VaR by risk type
Fixed income	$	46			$	36		$	64		$	35			$	31		$	42		$	41			$	40
Foreign exchange	9				7			14			9				7			12			10				9
Equities	22				14			32			18				14			23			15				19
Commodities and other	9				8			11			8				6			10			9				10
Diversification benefit to CIB trading VaR	(32		)	^(a)	NM		^(b)	NM		^(b)	(36		)	^(a)	NM		^(b)	NM		^(b)	(35		)	^(a)	(42		)	^(a)
CIB trading VaR	54				39			79			34				27			44			40				36
Credit portfolio VaR	12				10			14			18				17			19			12				19
Diversification benefit to CIB VaR	(11		)	^(a)	NM		^(b)	NM		^(b)	(9		)	^(a)	NM		^(b)	NM		^(b)	(12		)	^(a)	(9		)	^(a)
CIB VaR	55				39			81			43				34			53			40				46

Mortgage Banking VaR	4				3			6			4				2			5			5				4
Treasury and CIO VaR	7				5			8			3				3			4			8				4
Asset Management VaR	3				3			4			3				2			3			4				3
Diversification benefit to other VaR	(4		)	^(a)	NM		^(b)	NM		^(b)	(4		)	^(a)	NM		^(b)	NM		^(b)	(6		)	^(a)	(4		)	^(a)
Other VaR	10				8			11			6				5			7			11				7
Diversification benefit to CIB and other VaR	(11		)	^(a)	NM		^(b)	NM		^(b)	(6		)	^(a)	NM		^(b)	NM		^(b)	(11		)	^(a)	(7		)	^(a)
Total VaR	$	54			$	40		$	78		$	43			$	34		$	54		$	40			$	46


(a)	Average portfolio VaR and period-end portfolio VaR were less than the sum of the VaR of the components described above, which is due to portfolio diversification. The diversification effect reflects the fact that the risks are not perfectly correlated.


(b)	Designated as not meaningful (“NM”), because the minimum and maximum may occur on different days for different risk components, and hence it is not meaningful to compute a portfolio-diversification effect.

As presented in the table above, average Total VaR increased for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared with the prior year period. The increase in the average Total VaR, which peaked during February, was primarily due to higher market volatility, reflected in the historical one-year look-back period, coupled with increased exposures in Fixed Income and Equities within CIB trading VaR. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in Credit Portfolio VaR due to reduced exposures relating to certain idiosyncratic positions.

The Firm continues to enhance the VaR model calculations and time series inputs related to certain asset-backed products.

The Firm’s average total VaR diversification benefit was $11 million , or 20% of the sum, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared with $6 million , or 14% of the sum, for the comparable 2015 period.

VaR exposure can vary significantly as positions change, market volatility fluctuates and diversification benefits change.

VaR back-testing

The Firm evaluates the effectiveness of its VaR methodology by back-testing, which compares the daily Risk Management VaR results with the daily gains and losses recognized on market-risk related revenue.

The Firm’s definition of market risk-related gains and losses is consistent with the definition used by the banking

regulators under Basel III. Under this definition market risk-related gains and losses are defined as: gains and losses on the positions included in the Firm’s Risk Management VaR, excluding fees, commissions, certain valuation adjustments (e.g., liquidity and DVA), net interest income, and gains and losses arising from intraday trading.

The following chart compares the daily market risk-related gains and losses with the Firm’s Risk Management VaR for the three months ended March 31, 2016. As the chart presents market risk-related gains and losses related to those positions included in the Firm’s Risk Management VaR, the results in the table below differ from the results of back-testing disclosed in the Market Risk section of the Firm’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are based on Regulatory VaR applied to covered positions. The chart shows that the Firm observed one VaR band break and posted Market-risk related gains on 39 of the 64 days in this period.

Daily Market Risk-Related Gains and Losses

vs. Risk Management VaR (1-day, 95% Confidence level)

Three months ended March 31, 2016

Market Risk-Related Gains and Losses

Risk Management VaR



January	February	March

Earnings-at-risk

The VaR and stress-test measures described above illustrate the economic sensitivity of the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets to changes in market variables. The effect of interest rate exposure on the Firm’s reported net income is also important as interest rate risk represents one of the Firm’s significant market risks. Interest rate risk arises not only from trading activities but also from the Firm’s traditional banking activities, which include extension of loans and credit facilities, taking deposits and issuing debt. The Firm evaluates its structural interest rate risk exposure through earnings-at-risk, which measures the extent to which changes in interest rates will affect the Firm’s net interest income and interest rate-sensitive fees. Earnings-at-risk excludes the impact of CIB’s markets-based activities and MSRs, as these sensitivities are captured under VaR.

The Firm generates a net interest income baseline, and then

conducts simulations of changes for interest rate-sensitive

assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars and other

currencies (“non-U.S. dollar” currencies). Earnings-at-risk scenarios estimate the potential change in this net interest income baseline, excluding CIB’s markets-based activities and MSRs, over the following 12 months utilizing multiple assumptions . These scenarios may consider the impact on exposures as a result of changes in interest rates from baseline rates, as well as the pricing sensitivities of deposits, optionality and changes in product mix. The scenarios include forecasted balance sheet changes, as well as modeled prepayment and reinvestment behavior, but do not include assumptions about actions which could be taken by the Firm in response to any such instantaneous rate changes. Mortgage prepayment assumptions are based on current interest rates compared with underlying contractual rates, the time since origination, and other factors which are updated periodically based on historical experience. The Firm’s earnings-at-risk scenarios are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s balance sheet, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s simulation and other factors.

The Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivity is presented in the table below. The result of the non-U.S. dollar sensitivity scenario was not material to the Firm’s earnings-at-risk at March 31, 2016 .

JPMorgan Chase’s 12-month pretax net interest income sensitivity profiles

(Excludes the impact of CIB’s markets-based activities and MSRs)

(in billions)

Instantaneous change in rates

March 31, 2016

+200bps

+100bps

-100bps

-200bps

U.S. dollar

5.1

3.1

^(a)


(a)	Given the current level of market interest rates, downward parallel 100 and 200 basis point earnings-at-risk scenarios are not considered to be meaningful.

The Firm’s benefit to rising rates on U.S. dollar assets and liabilities is largely a result of reinvesting at higher yields and assets re-pricing at a faster pace than deposits. The Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivity profile at March 31, 2016 was not materially different than at December 31, 2015.

Separately, another U.S. dollar interest rate scenario used by the Firm — involving a steeper yield curve with long-term rates rising by 100 basis points and short-term rates staying at current levels — results in a 12-month pretax benefit to net interest income excluding CIB’s markets-based activities and MSRs of approximately $800 million. The increase in net interest income under this scenario reflects the Firm reinvesting at the higher long-term rates, with funding costs remaining unchanged. The result of the comparable non-U.S. dollar analysis was not material to the Firm.



COUNTRY RISK MANAGEMENT

Country risk is the risk that a sovereign event or action alters the value or terms of contractual obligations of obligors, counterparties and issuers or adversely affects markets related to a particular country. The Firm has a comprehensive country risk management framework for assessing country risks, determining risk tolerance, and measuring and monitoring direct country exposures in the Firm. The Country Risk Management group is responsible for developing guidelines and policies for managing country risk in both emerging and developed countries. The Country Risk Management group actively monitors the various portfolios giving rise to country risk to ensure the Firm’s country risk exposures are diversified and that exposure levels are appropriate given the Firm’s strategy and risk tolerance relative to a country.

For a discussion of the Firm’s Country Risk Management organization, and country risk identification, measurement, monitoring and control, see pages 140–141 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

The following table presents the Firm’s top 20 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) as of March 31, 2016 . The selection of countries is based solely on the Firm’s largest total exposures by country, based on the Firm’s internal country risk management approach, and does not represent the Firm’s view of any actual or potentially adverse credit conditions. Country exposures may fluctuate from period to period due to normal client activity and market flows.



Top 20 country exposures
	March 31, 2016
(in billions)	Lending ^(a)		Trading and investing ^(b)(c)		Other ^(d)		Total exposure
United Kingdom	$	28.9	$	20.7	$	0.8	$	50.4
Japan	24.5		5.4		0.1		30.0
Germany	12.7		15.7		0.3		28.7
France	14.9		13.1		0.1		28.1
Canada	13.6		4.3		0.1		18.0
China	7.4		6.0		1.0		14.4
Switzerland	8.1		—		5.7		13.8
Australia	8.1		5.6		—		13.7
India	5.3		5.7		0.3		11.3
Netherlands	5.0		3.9		1.4		10.3
Brazil	5.1		4.9		—		10.0
Italy	4.2		4.2		—		8.4
Korea	4.5		2.7		0.7		7.9
Hong Kong	1.8		2.4		3.5		7.7
Luxembourg	6.6		0.2		—		6.8
Singapore	2.5		1.3		1.6		5.4
Spain	3.3		0.8		0.2		4.3
Sweden	1.8		1.7		—		3.5
Austria	0.6		2.8		—		3.4
Mexico	2.9		0.3		0.2		3.4


(a)	Lending includes loans and accrued interest receivable (net of collateral and the allowance for loan losses), deposits with banks, acceptances, other monetary assets, issued letters of credit net of participations, and unused commitments to extend credit. Excludes intra-day and operating exposures, such as from settlement and clearing activities.


(b)	Includes market-making inventory, AFS securities, counterparty exposure on derivative and securities financings net of collateral and hedging.


(c)	Includes single reference entity (“single-name”), index and tranched credit derivatives for which one or more of the underlying reference entities is in a country listed in the above table.


(d)	Includes capital invested in local entities and physical commodity inventory.



OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT

Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed processes or systems, human factors, or due to external events that are neither market- nor credit-related. For a discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Operational Risk Management, see pages 144–146 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Cybersecurity

The Firm devotes significant resources maintaining and regularly updating its systems and processes that are designed to protect the security of the Firm’s computer systems, software, networks and other technology assets against attempts by unauthorized parties to obtain access to confidential information, destroy data, disrupt or degrade service, sabotage systems or cause other damage. Third parties with which the Firm does business or that facilitate the Firm’s business activities (e.g., vendors, exchanges, clearing houses, central depositories, and financial intermediaries) could also be sources of cybersecurity risk to the Firm, including with respect to breakdowns or failures of their systems, misconduct by the employees of such parties, or cyberattacks which could affect their ability to deliver a product or service to the Firm or result in lost or compromised information of the Firm or its clients. In addition, customers with which or whom the Firm does business can also be sources of cybersecurity risk to the Firm, particularly when their activities and systems are beyond the Firm’s own security and control systems. Customers will generally be responsible for losses incurred due to their own failure to maintain the security of their own systems and processes.

The Firm and several other U.S. financial institutions have experienced increasingly sophisticated attempts from well-resourced unauthorized parties to extract information and/or disrupt banking services. The Firm and its clients are also regularly targeted by unauthorized parties using malicious code and viruses. The cyberattacks experienced to date have not resulted in any material disruption to the Firm’s operations nor have they had a material adverse effect on the Firm’s results of operations. The Firm’s Board of Directors and the Audit Committee are regularly apprised regarding the cybersecurity policies and practices of the Firm as well as the Firm’s efforts regarding significant cybersecurity events.

Cybersecurity threats highlight the need for continued and increased cooperation among businesses and the government, and the Firm continues to work to strengthen its partnerships with the appropriate government and law enforcement agencies and other businesses, including the Firm’s third-party service providers, in order to understand the full spectrum of cybersecurity risks in the environment, enhance defenses and improve resiliency against cybersecurity threats.

The Firm has established, and continues to establish, defenses to mitigate possible future attacks. To enhance its defense capabilities, the Firm has significantly increased its cybersecurity spending over time. The Firm spent approximately $500 million in 2015 and expects to spend more than $600 million in 2016 on these efforts. Planned enhancements include a focus on access controls, vulnerability reduction, early event detection, critical system resiliency and recovery, and third-party risk management.



CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

Capital risk is the risk the Firm has an insufficient level and composition of capital to support the Firm’s business activities and associated risks during both normal economic environments and under stressed conditions. For a discussion on the Firm’s Capital Management see pages 149–158 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

A strong capital position is essential to the Firm’s business strategy and competitive position. Maintaining a strong balance sheet to manage through economic volatility is considered a strategic imperative by the Firm’s Board of Directors, CEO and Operating Committee. The Firm’s capital management strategy focuses on maintaining long-term stability to enable the Firm to build and invest in market-

leading businesses, even in a highly stressed environment. The Firm executes its capital management strategy through the establishment of minimum capital targets and a strong capital governance framework. The Firm’s minimum capital targets are set based on the most binding of three pillars: an internal assessment of the Firm’s capital needs; an estimation of required capital under the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (“CCAR”) and Dodd-Frank Act stress testing (“DFAST”) requirements; and current regulatory minimums. The capital governance framework includes regular monitoring of the Firm’s capital positions, stress testing and defining escalation protocols, both at the Firm and line of business level.

The following tables present the Firm’s Transitional and Fully Phased-In risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Advanced Approaches. The Firm’s Basel III CET1 ratios exceed the regulatory minimum as of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015.



	Transitional								Fully Phased-In
March 31, 2016 (in millions, except ratios)	Standardized			Advanced			Minimum capital ratios ^(b)		Standardized			Advanced			Minimum capital ratios ^(c)
Risk-based capital metrics:
CET1 capital	$	177,531		$	177,531				$	176,452		$	176,452
Tier 1 capital	202,399			202,399					202,345			202,345
Total capital	236,954			226,190					234,499			223,735
Risk-weighted assets	1,470,741			1,497,870					1,479,492			1,507,146
CET1 capital ratio	12.1		%	11.9		%	6.25	%	11.9		%	11.7		%	10.5	%
Tier 1 capital ratio	13.8			13.5			7.75		13.7			13.4			12.0
Total capital ratio	16.1			15.1			9.75		15.8			14.8			14.0
Leverage-based capital metrics
Adjusted average assets	2,345,926			2,345,926					2,347,342			2,347,342
Tier 1 leverage ratio ^(a)	8.6		%	8.6		%	4.0		8.6		%	8.6		%	4.0
SLR leverage exposure	NA			$	3,047,558				NA			$	3,048,974
SLR	NA			6.6		%	NA		NA			6.6		%	5.0		^(d)



	Transitional								Fully Phased-In
December 31, 2015 (in millions, except ratios)	Standardized			Advanced			Minimum capital ratios ^(b)		Standardized			Advanced			Minimum capital ratios ^(c)
Risk-based capital metrics:
CET1 capital	$	175,398		$	175,398				$	173,189		$	173,189
Tier 1 capital	200,482			200,482					199,047			199,047
Total capital	234,413			224,616					229,976			220,179
Risk-weighted assets	1,465,262			1,485,336					1,474,870			1,495,520
CET1 capital ratio	12.0		%	11.8		%	4.5	%	11.7		%	11.6		%	10.5	%
Tier 1 capital ratio	13.7			13.5			6.0		13.5			13.3			12.0
Total capital ratio	16.0			15.1			8.0		15.6			14.7			14.0
Leverage-based capital metrics
Adjusted average assets	2,361,177			2,361,177					2,360,499			2,360,499
Tier 1 leverage ratio ^(a)	8.5		%	8.5		%	4.0		8.4		%	8.4		%	4.0
SLR leverage exposure	NA			$	3,079,797				NA			$	3,079,119
SLR	NA			6.5			NA		NA			6.5		%	5.0		^(d)

Note: As of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the lower of the Standardized or Advanced capital ratios under each of the Transitional and Fully Phased-In approaches in the table above represents the Firm’s Collins Floor.


(a)	The Tier 1 leverage ratio is not a risk-based measure of capital. This ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted average assets.

(b)

Represents the transitional minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm under Basel III as of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015. At March 31, 2016, the CET1 minimum capital ratio includes 0.625% resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s 2.5% capital conservation buffer and 1.125%, resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s estimated 4.5% GSIB surcharge, as of December 31, 2014 published by the Federal Reserve on July 20, 2015.

(c)

Represents the minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm on a fully phased-in Basel III basis. At March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the ratios include the Firm’s estimate of its Fully Phased-In U.S. GSIB surcharge of 3.5%, based on the final U.S. GSIB rule published by the Federal Reserve on July 20, 2015. The minimum capital ratios will be fully phased-in effective January 1, 2019. For additional information on the GSIB surcharge, see page 56.


(d)	In the case of the SLR, the fully phased-in minimum ratio is effective beginning January 1, 2018.

Basel III overview

Basel III capital rules, for large and internationally active U.S. bank holding companies and banks, including the Firm and its insured depository institution (“IDI”) subsidiaries, revised, among other things, the definition of capital and introduced a new CET1 capital requirement. Basel III presents two comprehensive methodologies for calculating risk-weighted assets (“RWA”). A general (Standardized) approach (“Basel III Standardized”), and an advanced approach (“Basel III Advanced”); and sets out minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards. Certain of the requirements of Basel III are subject to phase-in periods that began on January 1, 2014 and continue through the end of 2018 (“transitional period”).

The capital adequacy of the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries is evaluated against the Basel III approach (Standardized or Advanced) which results in the lower ratio (the “Collins Floor”), as required by the Collins Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act.

Basel III establishes capital requirements for calculating credit risk and market risk RWA, and in the case of Basel III Advanced, operational risk RWA. Key differences in the calculation of credit risk RWA between the Standardized and Advanced approaches are that for Basel III Advanced, credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters, whereas for Basel III Standardized, credit risk RWA is generally based on supervisory risk-weightings which vary primarily by counterparty type and asset class. Market risk RWA is calculated on a generally consistent basis between Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced. In addition to the RWA calculated under these methodologies, the Firm may supplement such amounts to incorporate management judgment and feedback from its bank regulators.

Basel III also includes a requirement for Advanced Approach banking organizations, including the Firm, to calculate SLR. For additional information on SLR, see

page 58.

Basel III Fully Phased-In

Basel III capital rules will become fully phased-in on January 1, 2019, at which point the Firm will continue to calculate its capital ratios under both the Basel III Standardized and Advanced Approaches. While the Firm has imposed Basel III Standardized Fully Phased-In RWA limits on its lines of business, the Firm continues to manage each of the businesses (including line of business equity allocations), as well as the corporate functions, primarily on a Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In basis.

The Firm’s capital, RWA and capital ratios that are presented under Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In rules and the Firm’s and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s and Chase Bank USA, N.A.’s SLRs calculated under the Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In rules are non-GAAP financial measures. However, such measures are used by banking regulators, investors and analysts to assess the Firm’s capital position and to compare the Firm’s capital to that of other financial services companies.

The Firm’s estimates of its Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In capital, RWA and capital ratios and of the Firm’s, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s, and Chase Bank USA, N.A.’s SLRs reflect management’s current understanding of the U.S. Basel III rules based on the current published rules and on the application of such rules to the Firm’s businesses as currently conducted. The actual impact on the Firm’s capital ratios and SLR as of the effective date of the rules may differ from the Firm’s current estimates depending on changes the Firm may make to its businesses in the future, further implementation guidance from the regulators, and regulatory approval of certain of the Firm’s internal risk models (or, alternatively, regulatory disapproval of the Firm’s internal risk models that have previously been conditionally approved).

Risk-based capital regulatory minimums

As noted above, the Basel III rules include minimum capital ratio requirements that are subject to phase-in periods through the end of 2018. The capital adequacy of the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries, both during the transitional period and upon full phase-in, is evaluated against the Basel III approach (Standardized or Advanced) which results, for each quarter, in the lower ratio, the Collins Floor.

Certain banking organizations, including the Firm, will be required to hold additional amounts of capital to serve as a “capital conservation buffer.” The capital conservation buffer is intended to be used to absorb potential losses in times of financial or economic stress. If not maintained, the Firm could be limited in the amount of capital that may be distributed, including dividends and common equity repurchases. The capital conservation buffer is to be phased-in over time, beginning January 1, 2016 through January 1, 2019.

In addition to the 4.5% CET1 capital requirement, when fully phased-in, the Firm will be required to hold a 2.5% capital conservation buffer as well as additional levels of capital in the form of a GSIB surcharge and any countercyclical capital buffer requirement. On July 20, 2015, the Federal Reserve issued a final rule requiring GSIBs to calculate their GSIB surcharge, on an annual basis, under two separately prescribed methods, and to be subject to the higher of the two. The first method (“Method 1”) reflects the GSIB surcharge as prescribed by Basel rules, and is calculated across five criteria: size, cross-jurisdictional activity, interconnectedness, complexity and substitutability. The second method (“Method 2”) modifies the requirements to include a measure of short-term wholesale funding in place of substitutability, and introduces a GSIB score “multiplication factor.”

On July 20, 2015, the date of the last published estimate, the Federal Reserve had estimated the Firm’s GSIB surcharge to be 2.5% under Method 1 and 4.5% under Method 2 as of December 31, 2014. Accordingly, the Firm’s minimum capital ratios applicable in 2016 include 1.125%, resulting from the phase-in of the 4.5% GSIB surcharge estimated at the date. Based upon data as of December 31, 2015, the Firm estimates its fully phased-in GSIB surcharge would be 2.5% of CET1 capital under Method 1 and 3.5% under Method 2. The reduction in the estimated GSIB surcharge to 3.5% is expected to be phased into the Firm’s minimum CET1 capital ratio commencing January 1, 2017.

The countercyclical capital buffer is a potential expansion of the capital conservation buffer that takes into account the macro financial environment in which large, internationally active banks function. As of December 31, 2015 the Federal Reserve reaffirmed setting the U.S. countercyclical capital buffer at 0%, and stated that it will review the amount at least annually. The countercyclical capital buffer can be increased if the Federal Reserve, FDIC and OCC determine that credit growth in the economy has become excessive and can be set at up to an additional 2.5% of RWA.

Based on the Firm’s most recent estimate of its GSIB surcharge and the current countercyclical buffer being set at 0%, the Firm estimates its fully phased-in CET1capital requirement would be 10.5% inclusive of a GSIB surcharge of 3.5% and a capital conservation buffer of 2.5%.

As well as meeting the capital ratio requirements of Basel III, the Firm must, in order to be “well-capitalized”, maintain a minimum 6% Tier 1 and 10% Total capital requirement. Each of the Firm’s IDI subsidiaries must maintain a minimum 5% Tier 1 leverage, 6.5% CET1, 8% Tier 1 and 10% Total capital requirement to meet the definition of “well-capitalized” under the Prompt Corrective Action (“PCA”) requirements of the FDIC Improvement Act(“FDICIA”) for IDI subsidiaries. The PCA standards for IDI subsidiaries were effective January 1, 2015.

Capital

A reconciliation of total stockholders’ equity to Basel III Fully Phased-In CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Basel III Advanced and Standardized Fully Phased-In Total capital is presented in the table below.

For additional information on the components of regulatory capital, see Note 20 .



Capital components
(in millions)	March 31, 2016
Total stockholders’ equity	$	250,157
Less: Preferred stock	26,068
Common stockholders’ equity	224,089
Less:
Goodwill	47,310
Other intangible assets	940
Add:
Deferred tax liabilities ^(a)	3,205
Less: Other CET1 capital adjustments ^(b)	2,592
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital	176,452
Preferred stock	26,068
Less:
Other Tier 1 adjustments	175
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital	$	202,345
Long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2 capital	$	17,232
Qualifying allowance for credit losses	15,008
Other	(86		)
Standardized Fully Phased-In Tier 2 capital	$	32,154
Standardized Fully Phased-in Total capital	$	234,499
Adjustment in qualifying allowance for credit losses for Advanced Tier 2 capital	(10,764		)
Advanced Fully Phased-In Tier 2 capital	$	21,390
Advanced Fully Phased-In Total capital	$	223,735


(a)	Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating TCE.


(b)	Includes the deduction associated with the permissible holdings of covered funds (as defined by the Volcker Rule) acquired after December 31, 2013. The deduction was not material as of March 31, 2016.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Firm’s Basel III Transitional CET1 capital to the Firm’s estimated Basel III Fully Phased-In CET1 capital as of March 31, 2016 .



(in millions)	March 31, 2016
Transitional CET1 capital	$	177,531
AOCI phase-in ^(a)	462
CET1 capital deduction phase-in ^(b)	(1,138		)
Intangibles deduction phase-in ^(c)	(336		)
Other adjustments to CET1 capital ^(d)	(67		)
Fully Phased-In CET1 capital	$	176,452


(a)	Includes the remaining balance of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) related to AFS debt securities and defined benefit pension and other postretirement employee benefit (“OPEB”) plans that will qualify as Basel III CET1 capital upon full phase-in.


(b)	Predominantly includes regulatory adjustments related to changes in DVA, as well as CET1 deductions for defined benefit pension plan assets and deferred tax assets related to net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.


(c)	Relates to intangible assets, other than goodwill and MSRs, that are required to be deducted from CET1 capital upon full phase-in.


(d)	Includes minority interest and the Firm’s investments in its own CET1 capital instruments.

Capital rollforward

The following table presents the changes in Basel III Fully Phased-In CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital for the three months ended March 31, 2016 .



Three months ended March 31, (in millions)	2016
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at December 31, 2015	$	173,189
Net income applicable to common equity	5,108
Dividends declared on common stock	(1,644		)
Net purchase of treasury stock	(598		)
Changes in additional paid-in capital	(718		)
Changes related to AOCI	(435		)
Adjustment related to DVA ^(a)	487
Other	1,063
Increase in Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital	3,263
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at March 31, 2016	$	176,452

Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at December 31, 2015	$	199,047
Change in CET1 capital	3,263
Net issuance of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock	—
Other	35
Increase in Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital	3,298
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at March 31, 2016	$	202,345

Standardized Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2015	$	30,929
Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2	553
Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses	666
Other	6
Decrease in Standardized Tier 2 capital	1,225
Standardized Tier 2 capital at March 31, 2016	$	32,154
Standardized Total capital at March 31, 2016	$	234,499
Advanced Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2015	$	21,132
Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2	553
Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses	(300		)
Other	5
Increase in Advanced Tier 2 capital	258
Advanced Tier 2 capital at March 31, 2016	$	21,390
Advanced Total capital at March 31, 2016	$	223,735


(a)	Effective January 1, 2016, the adjustment reflects the impact of the adoption of DVA through OCI. For further discussion of the accounting change refer to Note 19 .

RWA rollforward

The following table presents changes in the components of RWA under Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In for the three months ended March 31, 2016 . The amounts in the rollforward categories are estimates, based on the predominant driver of the change.



	Standardized									Advanced
Three months ended March 31, 2016 (in billions)	Credit risk RWA			Market risk RWA			Total RWA			Credit risk RWA			Market risk RWA			Operational risk RWA		Total RWA
At December 31, 2015	$	1,333		$	142		$	1,475		$	954		$	142		$	400	$	1,496
Model & data changes ^(a)	2			(11		)	(9		)	4			(11		)	—		(7		)
Portfolio runoff ^(b)	(4		)	(2		)	(6		)	(3		)	(2		)	—		(5		)
Movement in portfolio levels ^(c)	12			7			19			17			6			—		23
Changes in RWA	10			(6		)	4			18			(7		)	—		11
March 31, 2016	$	1,343		$	136		$	1,479		$	972		$	135		$	400	$	1,507


(a)	Model & data changes refer to movements in levels of RWA as a result of revised methodologies and/or treatment per regulatory guidance (exclusive of rule changes).


(b)	Portfolio runoff for credit risk RWA primarily reflects reduced risk from position rolloffs in legacy portfolios in Mortgage Banking (under both the Standardized and Advanced framework); and for market risk RWA reflects reduced risk from position rolloffs in legacy portfolios in the wholesale businesses.


(c)	Movement in portfolio levels for credit risk RWA refers to changes in book size, composition, credit quality, and market movements; and for market risk RWA refers to changes in position and market movements.

Supplementary leverage ratio

For additional information on the SLR, see Capital Management on pages 149–158 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

The following table presents the components of the Firm’s Fully Phased-In SLR as of March 31, 2016 .



(in millions, except ratio)	March 31, 2016
Tier 1 Capital	$	202,345
Total average assets	2,394,921
Less: amounts deducted from Tier 1 capital	47,579
Total adjusted average assets ^(a)	2,347,342
Off-balance sheet exposures ^(b)	701,632
SLR leverage exposure	$	3,048,974
SLR	6.6		%


(a)	Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the SLR, includes total quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital predominantly goodwill and other intangible assets.


(b)	Off-balance sheet exposures are calculated as the average of the three month-end spot balances in the reporting quarter.

As of March 31, 2016 , the Firm estimates that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s and Chase Bank USA, N.A.’s Fully Phased-In SLRs are approximately 6.7% and 8.5% , respectively.

Line of business equity

The Firm’s framework for allocating capital to its business segments (line of business equity) is based on the following objectives:


•	Integrate firmwide and line of business capital management activities;


•	Measure performance consistently across all lines of business; and


•	Provide comparability with peer firms for each of the lines of business

Each business segment is allocated capital by taking into consideration stand-alone peer comparisons, regulatory capital requirements (as estimated under Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In) and economic risk. Capital is also allocated to each line of business for, among other things, goodwill and other intangibles associated with acquisitions effected by the line of business. ROE is measured and internal targets for expected returns are established as key measures of a business segment’s performance.



Line of business equity
(in billions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Consumer & Community Banking	$	51.0	$	51.0
Corporate & Investment Bank	64.0		62.0
Commercial Banking	16.0		14.0
Asset Management	9.0		9.0
Corporate	84.1		85.5
Total common stockholders’ equity	$	224.1	$	221.5

On at least an annual basis, the Firm assesses the level of capital required for each line of business as well as the assumptions and methodologies used to allocate capital. The line of business equity allocations are updated as refinements are implemented. The table below reflects the Firm’s assessed level of capital required for each line of business as of the dates indicated.



Line of business equity	Quarterly average
(in billions)	1Q16		4Q15		1Q15
Consumer & Community Banking	$	51.0	$	51.0	$	51.0
Corporate & Investment Bank	64.0		62.0		62.0
Commercial Banking	16.0		14.0		14.0
Asset Management	9.0		9.0		9.0
Corporate	81.6		83.5		76.4
Total common stockholders’ equity	$	221.6	$	219.5	$	212.4

Planning and stress testing

Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review

The Federal Reserve requires large bank holding companies, including the Firm, to submit a capital plan on an annual basis. Through the CCAR, the Federal Reserve evaluates each bank holding company (“BHC’s”) capital adequacy and internal capital adequacy assessment processes, as well as its plans to make capital distributions, such as dividend payments or stock repurchases.

On March 11, 2015, the Federal Reserve informed the Firm that it did not object, on either a quantitative or qualitative basis, to the Firm’s 2015 capital plan.

On April 5, 2016, the Firm submitted its 2016 Capital plan to the Federal Reserve under the Federal Reserve’s 2016 CCAR process. The Federal Reserve has indicated that it expects to respond to the capital plan submissions of bank holding companies by June 30, 2016.

Other capital requirements

Minimum Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (“TLAC”)

In November 2015, the Financial Stability Board (“FSB”) finalized the TLAC standard for GSIBs, which establishes the criteria for TLAC eligible debt and capital instruments and defines the minimum requirements for amounts of loss absorbing and recapitalization capacity. This amount and type of debt and capital instruments is intended to effectively absorb losses, as necessary, upon the failure of a GSIB, without imposing such losses on taxpayers of the relevant jurisdiction or causing severe systemic disruptions, and thereby ensuring the continuity of the GSIB’s critical functions. The final standard will require GSIBs to meet a common minimum TLAC requirement beginning January 1, 2019.

On October 30, 2015, the Federal Reserve issued proposed rules that would require the top-tier holding companies of eight U.S. global systemically important bank holding companies, including the Firm, among other things, to maintain minimum levels of eligible TLAC and long-term debt satisfying certain eligibility criteria (“eligible LTD”) commencing January 1, 2019. These proposed TLAC Rules would disqualify from eligible LTD, among other instruments, senior debt securities that permit acceleration for reasons other than insolvency or payment default, as well as structured notes and debt securities not governed by U.S. law. The Firm is currently evaluating the impact of the proposal.

For additional information on TLAC, see Capital Management on page 156 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Capital actions

Dividends

The Firm’s common stock dividend policy reflects JPMorgan Chase’s earnings outlook, desired dividend payout ratio, capital objectives, and alternative investment opportunities. Following receipt on March 11, 2015, of the Federal Reserve’s non-objection to the Firm’s 2015 capital plan submitted under CCAR the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had increased the quarterly common stock dividend to $0.44 per share, effective with the dividend paid on July 31, 2015. The Firm’s dividends will be subject to the Board of Directors’ approval at the customary times those dividends are to be declared.

Common equity

On March 17, 2016, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $1.9 billion of common equity (common stock and warrants) through June 30, 2016 under its current equity repurchase program. This amount is in addition to the $6.4 billion of common equity that was previously authorized for repurchase between April 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016. As of March 31, 2016, the dollar value remaining under the program was $2.9 billion . This authorization includes shares repurchased to offset issuances under the Firm’s equity-based compensation plans.

The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common equity for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 . There were no warrants repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Total shares of common stock repurchased	29.2		32.5
Aggregate common stock repurchases	$	1,696	$	1,900

There were 47.4 million warrants outstanding at both March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

The Firm may, from time to time, enter into written trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to facilitate repurchases in accordance with the common equity repurchase program. A Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan allows the Firm to repurchase its equity during periods when it would not otherwise be repurchasing common equity — for example, during internal trading blackout periods. All purchases under a Rule 10b5-1 plan must be made according to a predefined plan established when the Firm is not aware of material nonpublic information.

The authorization to repurchase common equity will be utilized at management’s discretion, and the timing of purchases and the exact amount of common equity that may be repurchased is subject to various factors, including market conditions; legal and regulatory considerations affecting the amount and timing of repurchase activity; the Firm’s capital position (taking into account goodwill and intangibles); internal capital generation; and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables; may be executed through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, or utilizing Rule 10b5-1 programs; and may be suspended at any time.

For additional information regarding repurchases of the Firm’s equity securities, see Part II, Item 5: Market for registrant’s common equity, related stockholder matters and issuer purchases of equity securities on page 20 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Form 10-K.

Preferred Stock

Preferred stock dividends declared were $412 million for three months ended March 31, 2016.

For additional information on the Firm’s preferred stock, see Note 22 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Broker-dealer regulatory capital

JPMorgan Chase’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are JPMorgan Securities and J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp. (“JPMorgan Clearing”). JPMorgan Clearing is a subsidiary of JPMorgan Securities and provides clearing and settlement services. JPMorgan Securities and JPMorgan Clearing are each subject to Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Net Capital Rule”). JPMorgan Securities and JPMorgan Clearing are also each registered as futures commission merchants and subject to Rule 1.17 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”).

JPMorgan Securities and JPMorgan Clearing have elected to compute their minimum net capital requirements in accordance with the “Alternative Net Capital Requirements” of the Net Capital Rule. At March 31, 2016 , JPMorgan Securities’ net capital, as defined by the Net Capital Rule, was $12.9 billion, exceeding the minimum requirement by $10.3 billion, and JPMorgan Clearing’s net capital was $7.2 billion, exceeding the minimum requirement by $5.6 billion.

In addition to its minimum net capital requirement, JPMorgan Securities is required to hold tentative net capital in excess of $1.0 billion and is also required to notify the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in the event that tentative net capital is less than $5.0 billion, in accordance with the market and credit risk standards of Appendix E of the Net Capital Rule. As of March 31, 2016 , JPMorgan Securities had tentative net capital in excess of the minimum and notification requirements.

J.P. Morgan Securities plc is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and is the Firm’s principal operating subsidiary in the U.K. It has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and broker-dealer activities. J.P. Morgan Securities plc is jointly regulated by the U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) and Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”). J.P. Morgan Securities plc is subject to the European Union Capital Requirements Regulation and U.K. PRA capital rules, which implement Basel III.

At March 31, 2016 , J.P. Morgan Securities plc had estimated total capital of $33.4 billion; its estimated CET1 capital ratio was 13.5% and its estimated Total capital ratio was 17.2%. Both capital ratios exceeded the minimum standards of 4.5% and 8.0%, respectively, under the transitional requirements of the European Union’s (“EU”) Basel III Capital Requirements Directive and Regulation, as well as the additional capital requirements specified by the PRA.



LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Firm will be unable to meet its contractual and contingent obligations or that it does not have the appropriate amount, composition and tenor of funding and liquidity to support its assets. The following discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Liquidity Risk Management should be read in conjunction with pages 159–164 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

LCR and NSFR

The U.S. LCR rule requires the Firm to measure the amount of HQLA held by the Firm in relation to estimated net cash outflows within a 30-day period during an acute stress event. The LCR was required to be 90% at January 1, 2016, increasing to a minimum of 100% on January 1, 2017 onward. At March 31, 2016, the Firm was compliant with the fully phased-in U.S. LCR.

The Basel Committee final standard for the net stable funding ratio (“Basel NSFR”) is intended to measure the “available” amount of stable funding over a one-year horizon. Basel NSFR will become a minimum standard by January 1, 2018 and requires that this ratio be equal to at least 100% on an ongoing basis.

On April 26, 2016, the U.S. NSFR proposal was released for large banks and bank holding companies and was largely consistent with Basel NSFR. The proposed requirement would apply beginning on January 1, 2018, consistent with the Basel NSFR timeline. Comments on the proposed rule are due by August 5, 2016.

HQLA

HQLA is the amount of assets that qualify for inclusion in the U.S. LCR. HQLA primarily consists of cash and certain unencumbered high quality liquid assets as defined in the final rule.

On April 1, 2016, the Federal Reserve published a final rule permitting investment-grade, U.S. general obligation state and municipal securities that meet certain criteria to be included in HQLA for purposes of the U.S. LCR rule, subject to certain limits. The final rule is effective beginning July 1, 2016, and is not expected to have a material effect on the Firm’s HQLA or LCR.

As of March 31, 2016 , the Firm’s HQLA was $505 billion , compared with $496 billion as of December 31, 2015. The increase in HQLA was due to higher cash balances largely driven by higher deposit balances. HQLA may fluctuate from period to period primarily due to normal flows from client activity.

The following table presents HQLA included in the LCR, broken out by HQLA-eligible cash and securities as of March 31, 2016 .



(in billions)	March 31, 2016
HQLA
Eligible cash ^(a)	$	318
Eligible securities ^(b)	187
Total HQLA	$	505


(a)	Cash on deposit at central banks.


(b)	Predominantly includes U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Treasuries, and sovereign bonds net of applicable haircuts under U.S. LCR rules.

In addition to HQLA, as of March 31, 2016 , the Firm has approximately $261 billion of unencumbered marketable securities, such as equity securities and fixed income debt securities, available to raise liquidity, if required. Furthermore, the Firm maintains borrowing capacity at various Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”), the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and various other central banks as a result of collateral pledged by the Firm to such banks. Although available, the Firm does not view the borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and the various other central banks as a primary source of liquidity. As of March 31, 2016 , the Firm’s remaining borrowing capacity at various FHLBs and the Federal Reserve Bank discount window was approximately $189 billion. This remaining borrowing capacity excludes the benefit of securities included above in HQLA or other unencumbered securities currently held at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window for which the Firm has not drawn liquidity.

Funding

Sources of funds

Management believes that the Firm’s unsecured and secured funding capacity is sufficient to meet its on- and off-balance sheet obligations.

The Firm funds its global balance sheet through diverse sources of funding including a stable deposit franchise as well as secured and unsecured funding in the capital markets. The Firm’s loan portfolio ( $847.3 billion at March 31, 2016 ), is funded with a portion of the Firm’s deposits ( $1,321.8 billion at March 31, 2016 ), and through securitizations and, with respect to a portion of the Firm’s real estate-related loans, with secured borrowings from the FHLBs. Deposits in excess of the amount utilized to fund loans are primarily invested in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio or deployed in cash or

other short-term liquid investments based on their interest rate and liquidity risk characteristics. Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements and trading assets- debt and equity instruments are primarily funded by the Firm’s securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, trading liabilities–debt and equity instruments, and a portion of the Firm’s long-term debt and stockholders’ equity. In addition to funding securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements and trading assets-debt and equity instruments, proceeds from the Firm’s debt and equity issuances are used to fund certain loans and other financial and non-financial assets, or may be invested in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio. See the discussion below for additional information relating to Deposits, Short-term funding, and Long-term funding and issuance.

Deposits

The table below summarizes, by line of business, the deposit balances as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015, and the average deposit balances for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.



	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		Three months ended March 31,
Deposits					Average
(in millions)					2016		2015
Consumer & Community Banking	$	582,026	$	557,645	$	562,284	$	512,157
Corporate & Investment Bank	408,783		395,228		392,622		445,631
Commercial Banking	172,846		172,470		171,121		197,405
Asset Management	152,908		146,766		150,616		158,240
Corporate	5,253		7,606		6,625		23,080
Total Firm	$	1,321,816	$	1,279,715	$	1,283,268	$	1,336,513

A key strength of the Firm is its diversified deposit franchise, through each of its lines of business, which

provides a stable source of funding and limits reliance on the wholesale funding markets. A significant portion of the Firm’s deposits are consumer deposits which are considered a stable source of liquidity. Additionally, the majority of the Firm’s wholesale operating deposits are also considered to be relatively stable sources of liquidity because they are generated from customers that maintain operating service relationships with the Firm.

As of March 31, 2016 , the Firm’s loans-to-deposits ratio was 64% , compared with 65% at December 31, 2015.

Total deposits for the Firm were $1,321.8 billion as of March 31, 2016 , compared with $1,279.7 billion at December 31, 2015 ( 61% and 61% of total liabilities at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015, respectively). The increase was attributable to higher consumer and wholesale deposits. Consumer deposits increased reflecting seasonal factors and continued growth from new and existing customers. Wholesale deposits increased reflecting growth in client activity.

The Firm has typically experienced higher customer deposit inflows at quarter-ends. Therefore, the Firm believes average deposit balances are generally more representative of deposit trends. The decrease in the average deposits for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared with the three months ended March 31, 2015, reflected the Firm’s actions in 2015 to reduce non-operating deposits, partially offset by an increase in consumer deposits. For further discussions of deposit and liability balance trends, see the discussion of the Firm’s Business Segment Results and the Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 16–29 and pages 10–11 , respectively.

The following table summarizes short-term and long-term funding, excluding deposits, as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015, and average balances for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For additional information, see the Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 10–11 and Note 12 .



	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		Three months ended March 31,
Sources of funds (excluding deposits)					Average
(in millions)					2016		2015
Commercial paper:
Wholesale funding	$	17,490	$	15,562	$	17,537	$	21,723
Client cash management	—		—		—		38,290		^(g)
Total commercial paper	$	17,490	$	15,562	$	17,537	$	60,013

Obligations of Firm-administered multi-seller conduits ^(a)	$	5,250	$	8,724	$	6,501	$	11,472
Other borrowed funds	$	19,703	$	21,105	$	20,231	$	31,443

Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	142,241	$	129,598	$	149,700	$	174,077
Securities loaned	13,603		18,174		16,351		22,597
Total securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase ^(b)(c)	$	155,844	$	147,772	$	166,051	$	196,674

Senior notes	$	151,388	$	149,964	$	149,069	$	144,977
Trust preferred securities	3,970		3,969		3,971		5,449
Subordinated debt	25,621		25,027		25,365		29,207
Structured notes	35,098		32,813		33,552		30,419
Total long-term unsecured funding	$	216,077	$	211,773	$	211,957	$	210,052

Credit card securitization ^(a)	$	27,486	$	27,906	$	27,697	$	30,559
Other securitizations ^(d)	1,702		1,760		1,757		2,006
FHLB advances	69,529		71,581		71,241		64,465
Other long-term secured funding ^(e)	5,148		5,297		4,962		4,323
Total long-term secured funding	$	103,865	$	106,544	$	105,657	$	101,353

Preferred stock ^(f)	$	26,068	$	26,068	$	26,068	$	20,825
Common stockholders’ equity ^(f)	$	224,089	$	221,505	$	221,561	$	212,352


(a)	Included in beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.


(b)	Excludes federal funds purchased.


(c)	Excluded long-term structured repurchase agreements of $4.3 billion and $4.2 billion as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015, respectively, and average balances of $4.4 billion and $3.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


(d)	Other securitizations includes securitizations of student loans. The Firm’s wholesale businesses also securitize loans for client-driven transactions, which are not considered to be a source of funding for the Firm and are not included in the table.


(e)	Includes long-term structured notes which are secured.


(f)	For additional information on preferred stock and common stockholders’ equity see Capital Management on pages 54–60 and the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity on page 74 ; and Note 22 and Note 23 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


(g)	During the third quarter of 2015 the Firm completed the discontinuation of its commercial paper customer sweep cash management program.

Short-term funding

The Firm’s sources of short-term secured funding primarily consist of securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase. Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase are secured predominantly by high-quality securities collateral, including government-issued debt and agency MBS, and constitute a significant portion of the federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements on the Consolidated balance sheets. The decrease in the average balance of securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared with March 31, 2015,

was largely due to lower secured financing of trading assets-debt and equity instruments in the CIB related to client-driven market-making activities. The balances associated with securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase fluctuate over time due to customers’ investment and financing activities; the Firm’s demand for financing; the ongoing management of the mix of the Firm’s liabilities, including its secured and unsecured financing (for both the investment securities and market-making portfolios); and other market and portfolio factors.

Long-term funding and issuance

Long-term funding provides additional sources of stable funding and liquidity for the Firm. The Firm’s long-term funding plan is driven by expected client activity, liquidity considerations, and regulatory requirements. Long-term funding objectives include maintaining diversification, maximizing market access and optimizing funding costs, as well as maintaining a certain level of liquidity at JPMorgan Chase & Co. (the “Parent Company”). The Firm evaluates various funding markets, tenors and currencies in creating its optimal long-term funding plan.

The significant majority of the Firm’s long-term unsecured funding is issued by the Parent Company to provide maximum flexibility in support of both bank and nonbank subsidiary funding. The following table summarizes long-term unsecured issuance and maturities or redemptions for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 . For additional information, see Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .



Long-term unsecured funding	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Issuance
Senior notes issued in the U.S. market	$	7,219	$	9,852
Senior notes issued in non-U.S. markets	—		4,225
Total senior notes	7,219		14,077
Structured notes	8,333		6,913
Total long-term unsecured funding – issuance	$	15,552	$	20,990

Maturities/redemptions
Senior notes	$	9,811	$	9,195
Subordinated debt	2		806
Structured notes	4,104		5,820
Total long-term unsecured funding – maturities/redemptions	$	13,917	$	15,821

In addition, from April 1, 2016, through April 29, 2016 , the Firm issued $1.7 billion of senior notes.

The Firm raises secured long-term funding through securitization of consumer credit card loans and advances from the FHLBs.

The following table summarizes the securitization issuance and FHLB advances and their respective maturities or redemptions for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.



	Three months ended March 31,
Long-term secured funding	Issuance				Maturities/Redemptions
(in millions)	2016		2015		2016		2015
Credit card securitization	$	—	$	2,476	$	425	$	2,345
Other securitizations ^(a)	—		—		58		65
FHLB advances	—		4,700		2,051		3,001
Other long-term secured funding ^(b)	90		124		43		118
Total long-term secured funding	$	90	$	7,300	$	2,577	$	5,529


(a)	Other securitizations includes securitizations of student loans.


(b)	Includes long-term structured notes which are secured.

The Firm’s wholesale businesses also securitize loans for client-driven transactions; those client-driven loan securitizations are not considered to be a source of funding for the Firm and are not included in the table above. For further description of the client-driven loan securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Credit ratings

The cost and availability of financing are influenced by credit ratings. Reductions in these ratings could have an adverse effect on the Firm’s access to liquidity sources, increase the cost of funds, trigger additional collateral or funding requirements and decrease the number of investors and counterparties willing to lend to the Firm.

Additionally, the Firm’s funding requirements for VIEs and other third party commitments may be adversely affected by a decline in credit ratings. For additional information on the impact of a credit ratings downgrade on the funding requirements for VIEs, and on derivatives and collateral agreements, see Special-purpose entities on page 12 , and credit risk, liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features in Note 5 .

The credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and nonbank subsidiaries as of March 31, 2016 , were as follows.



	JPMorgan Chase & Co.			JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Chase Bank USA, N.A.			J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
March 31, 2016	Long-term issuer	Short-term issuer	Outlook	Long-term issuer	Short-term issuer	Outlook	Long-term issuer	Short-term issuer	Outlook
Moody’s	A3	P-2	Stable	Aa3	P-1	Stable	Aa3	P-1	Stable
Standard & Poor’s	A-	A-2	Stable	A+	A-1	Stable	A+	A-1	Stable
Fitch Ratings	A+	F1	Stable	AA-	F1+	Stable	AA-	F1+	Stable

Downgrades of the Firm’s long-term ratings by one or two notches could result in an increase in its cost of funds, and access to certain funding markets could be reduced as noted above. The nature and magnitude of the impact of ratings downgrades depends on numerous contractual and behavioral factors (which the Firm believes are incorporated in its liquidity risk and stress testing metrics). The Firm believes that it maintains sufficient liquidity to withstand a potential decrease in funding capacity due to ratings downgrades.

JPMorgan Chase’s unsecured debt does not contain requirements that would call for an acceleration of payments, maturities or changes in the structure of the existing debt, provide any limitations on future borrowings or require additional collateral, based on unfavorable changes in the Firm’s credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings, or stock price.

Critical factors in maintaining high credit ratings include a stable and diverse earnings stream, strong capital ratios, strong credit quality and risk management controls, diverse funding sources, and disciplined liquidity monitoring procedures. Rating agencies continue to evaluate economic and geopolitical trends, regulatory developments, future profitability, risk management practices, and litigation matters, as well as their broader ratings methodologies. Changes in any of these factors could lead to changes in the Firm’s credit ratings.

Although the Firm closely monitors and endeavors to manage, to the extent it is able, factors influencing its credit ratings, there is no assurance that its credit ratings will not be changed in the future.



SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

For further information on Supervision and Regulation, see the Supervision and regulation section on pages 1–8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Form 10-K.

For more information about the applicable requirements relating to risk-based capital and leverage in the U.S. under Basel III, see Capital Management on pages 54–60 and

Note 20 .

Under Basel III, bank holding companies and banks are required to measure their liquidity against two specific liquidity tests: the LCR and the NSFR. For additional information on these ratios, see Liquidity Risk Management on pages 61–65 .

For additional information on the Firm’s CCAR, see Capital Management on pages 54–60 .

For further information on the current and potential impact of the Basel III framework, including GSIB requirements, and TLAC, see Capital Management on pages 54–60 .

For information on the net capital of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp., and the applicable requirements relating to risk-based capital for J.P. Morgan Securities plc, see Capital Management on pages 54–60 .

Dividends

At March 31, 2016 , JPMorgan Chase estimated that its banking subsidiaries could pay, in the aggregate, approximately $26 billion in dividends to their respective bank holding companies without the prior approval of their relevant banking regulators.



CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES USED BY THE FIRM

JPMorgan Chase ’s accounting policies and use of estimates are integral to understanding its reported results. The Firm’s most complex accounting estimates require management’s judgment to ascertain the appropriate carrying value of assets and liabilities. The Firm has established policies and control procedures intended to ensure that estimation methods, including any judgments made as part of such methods, are well-controlled, independently reviewed and applied consistently from period to period. The methods used and judgments made reflect, among other factors, the nature of the assets or liabilities and the related business and risk management strategies, which may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios. In addition, the policies and procedures are intended to ensure that the process for changing methodologies occurs in an appropriate manner. The Firm believes its estimates for determining the carrying value of its assets and liabilities are appropriate. The following is a brief description of the Firm’s critical accounting estimates involving significant judgments.

Allowance for credit losses

JPMorgan Chase ’s allowance for credit losses covers the retained consumer and wholesale loan portfolios, as well as the Firm’s wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments. The allowance for loan losses is intended to adjust the carrying value of the Firm’s loan assets to reflect probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Similarly, the allowance for lending-related commitments is established to cover probable credit losses inherent in the lending-related commitments portfolio as of the balance sheet date. For further discussion of the methodologies used in establishing the Firm’s allowance for credit losses and the significant judgments involved, see Allowance for credit losses on pages 130–132 , 165-167 and Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report; for amounts recorded as of March 31, 2016 and 2015 , see Allowance for credit losses on pages 45–47 and Note 14 of this Form 10-Q.

As noted in the discussion on pages 165–167 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report, the Firm’s allowance for credit losses is sensitive to numerous factors, which may differ depending on the portfolio. Changes in economic conditions or in the Firm’s assumptions and estimates could affect its estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Firm uses its best judgment to assess these economic conditions and loss data in estimating the allowance for credit losses and these estimates are subject to periodic refinement based on any changes to underlying external and Firm-specific historical data. In many cases, the use of alternate estimates (for example, the effect of home prices and unemployment rates on consumer delinquency, or the calibration between the Firm’s wholesale loan risk ratings and external credit ratings) or data sources (for example, external probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) factors that incorporate industry-wide information, versus Firm-specific history) would result in a different estimated allowance for credit losses. To illustrate the potential magnitude of

certain alternate judgments, the Firm estimates that changes in the following inputs would have the following effects on the Firm’s modeled loss estimates as of March 31, 2016 , without consideration of any offsetting or correlated effects of other inputs in the Firm’s allowance for loan losses:


•	For PCI loans, a combined 5% decline in housing prices and a 1% increase in unemployment rates from current levels could imply an increase to modeled credit loss estimates of approximately $700 million .


•	For the residential real estate portfolio, excluding PCI loans, a combined 5% decline in housing prices and a 1% increase in unemployment rates from current levels could imply an increase to modeled annual loss estimates of approximately $150 million .


•	A 50 basis point deterioration in forecasted credit card loss rates could imply an increase to modeled annualized credit card loan loss estimates of approximately $650 million .


•	An increase in PD factors consistent with a one-notch downgrade in the Firm’s internal risk ratings for its entire wholesale loan portfolio could imply an increase in the Firm’s modeled loss estimates of approximately $2.1 billion .


•	A 100 basis point increase in estimated LGD for the Firm’s entire wholesale loan portfolio could imply an increase in the Firm’s modeled loss estimates of approximately $175 million .

The purpose of these sensitivity analyses is to provide an indication of the isolated impacts of hypothetical alternative assumptions on modeled loss estimates. The changes in the inputs presented above are not intended to imply management’s expectation of future deterioration of those risk factors. In addition, these analyses are not intended to estimate changes in the overall allowance for loan losses, which would also be influenced by the judgment management applies to the modeled loss estimates to reflect the uncertainty and imprecision of these modeled loss estimates based on then-current circumstances and conditions.

It is difficult to estimate how potential changes in specific factors might affect the overall allowance for credit losses because management considers a variety of factors and inputs in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Changes in these factors and inputs may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all geographies or product types, and changes in factors may be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor may offset deterioration in other factors. In addition, it is difficult to predict how changes in specific economic conditions or assumptions could affect borrower behavior or other factors considered by management in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Given the process the Firm follows and the judgments made in evaluating the risk factors related to its loss estimates, management believes that its current estimate of the allowance for credit losses is appropriate.

Fair value of financial instruments, MSRs and commodities inventory

Assets measured at fair value

The following table includes the Firm’s assets measured at fair value and the portion of such assets that are classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. For further information, see Note 3 .



March 31, 2016 (in billions, except ratio data)	Total assets at fair value		Total level 3 assets
Trading debt and equity instruments	$	295.9	$	11.3
Derivative receivables ^(a)	70.2		7.3
Trading assets	366.1		18.6
AFS securities	237.4		0.8
Loans	1.9		1.0
MSRs	5.7		5.7
Private equity investments ^(b)	1.8		1.6
Other	28.9		0.8
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	641.8		28.5
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	0.6		0.3
Total assets measured at fair value	$	642.4	$	28.8
Total Firm assets	$	2,423.8
Level 3 assets as a percentage of total Firm assets ^(a)			1.2		%
Level 3 assets as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value ^(a)			4.5		%

(a)

For purposes of table above, the derivative receivables total reflects the impact of netting adjustments; however, the $7.3 billion of derivative receivables classified as level 3 does not reflect the netting adjustment as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset. However, if the Firm were to net such balances within level 3, the reduction in the level 3 derivative receivables balance would be $2.7 billion at March 31, 2016; this is exclusive of the netting benefit associated with cash collateral, which would further reduce the level 3 balances.


(b)	Private equity instruments represent investments within Corporate.

Valuation

Estimating fair value requires the application of judgment. The type and level of judgment required is largely dependent on the amount of observable market information available to the Firm. For instruments valued using internally developed models that use significant unobservable inputs and are therefore classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, judgments used to estimate fair value are more significant than those required when estimating the fair value of instruments classified within levels 1 and 2.

In arriving at an estimate of fair value for an instrument within level 3, management must first determine the appropriate model to use. Second, the lack of observability of certain significant inputs requires management to assess all relevant empirical data in deriving valuation inputs — including, for example, transaction details, yield curves, interest rates, prepayment rates, default rates, volatilities, correlations, equity or debt prices, valuations of comparable instruments, foreign exchange rates and

credit curves. For further discussion of the valuation of level 3 instruments, including unobservable inputs used, see Note 3 .

For instruments classified in levels 2 and 3, management judgment must be applied to assess the appropriate level of valuation adjustments to reflect counterparty credit quality,

the Firm’s credit-worthiness, market funding rates, liquidity considerations, unobservable parameters, and for portfolios that meet specified criteria, the size of the net open risk position. The judgments made are typically affected by the type of product and its specific contractual terms, and the level of liquidity for the product or within the market as a whole. For further discussion of valuation adjustments applied by the Firm, see Note 3 .

Imprecision in estimating unobservable market inputs or other factors can affect the amount of gain or loss recorded for a particular position. Furthermore, while the Firm believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those of other market participants, the methods and assumptions used reflect management judgment and may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios.

The Firm uses various methodologies and assumptions in the determination of fair value. The use of methodologies or assumptions different than those used by the Firm could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. For a detailed discussion of the Firm’s valuation process and hierarchy, and its determination of fair value for individual financial instruments, see Note 3 .

Goodwill impairment

Management applies significant judgment when testing goodwill for impairment. For a description of the significant valuation judgments associated with goodwill impairment, see Goodwill impairment on page 168 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 , the Firm reviewed current conditions (including the estimated effects of regulatory and legislative changes and current estimated market cost of equity) and prior projections of business performance for all its businesses. Based upon such reviews, the Firm concluded that the goodwill allocated to its reporting units was not impaired as of March 31, 2016 .

Declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in equity capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, adverse estimates of the impact of regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units or their associated goodwill to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.

For additional information on goodwill, see Note 16 .

Income taxes

For a description of the significant assumptions, judgments and interpretations associated with the accounting for income taxes, see Income taxes on page 169 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Litigation reserves

For a description of the significant estimates and judgments associated with establishing litigation reserves, see Note 23 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 31 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS



Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB ” ) Standards Adopted since January 1, 2016

Standard	Summary of guidance	Effects on financial statements
Amendments to the consolidation analysis	• Eliminates the deferral issued by the FASB in February 2010 of VIE-related accounting requirements for certain investment funds, including mutual funds, private equity funds and hedge funds. • Amends the evaluation of fees paid to a decision-maker or a service provider, and exempts certain money market funds from consolidation.	• Adopted January 1, 2016. • There was no material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements. • For further information, see Note 1.
Improvements to employee share-based payment accounting	• Requires that all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies that pertain to employee stock-based incentive payments be recognized within income tax expense in the Consolidated statements of income, rather than within additional paid-in capital.	• Adopted January 1, 2016. • There was no material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Measuring the financial assets and financial liabilities of a consolidated collateralized financing entity	• Provides an alternative for consolidated financing VIEs to elect: (1) to measure their financial assets and liabilities separately under existing U.S. GAAP for fair value measurement with any differences in such fair values reflected in earnings; or (2) to measure both their financial assets and liabilities using the more observable of the fair value of the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities.	• Adopted January 1, 2016. • There was no material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements as the Firm has historically measured the financial assets and liabilities using the more observable fair value.
Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities – DVA to OCI	• For financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected, the portion of the total change in fair value caused by changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (i.e., DVA) is required to be presented separately in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). • Requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.	• Adopted January 1, 2016. • There was no material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements. • For additional information about the impact of the adoption of the new accounting guidance, see Notes 3, 4 and 19.



FASB Standards Issued but not yet Adopted

Standard	Summary of guidance	Effects on financial statements
Revenue recognition – revenue from contracts with customers Issued May 2014	• Requires that revenue from contracts with customers be recognized upon transfer of control of a good or service in the amount of consideration expected to be received. • Changes the accounting for certain contract costs, including whether they may be offset against revenue in the statements of income, and requires additional disclosures about revenue and contract costs. • May be adopted using a full retrospective approach or a modified, cumulative effect-type approach wherein the guidance is applied only to existing contracts as of the date of initial application, and to new contracts transacted after that date.	• Required effective date: January 1, 2018. ^(a) • Because the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other U.S. GAAP, the Firm does not expect the new revenue recognition guidance to have a material impact on the elements of its statements of income most closely associated with financial instruments, including securities gains, interest income and interest expense. • The Firm plans to adopt the revenue recognition guidance in the first quarter of 2018 and is currently evaluating the potential impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements and its selection of transition method.
Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities Issued January 2016	• Requires that certain equity instruments be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. • Generally requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption.	• Required effective date: January 1, 2018. • The Firm is currently evaluating the potential impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Leases Issued February 2016	• Requires lessees to recognize all leases longer than twelve months on the Consolidated balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets. • Requires lessees and lessors to classify most leases using principles similar to existing lease accounting, but eliminates the “bright line” classification tests. • Requires lessees and lessors to expand qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding their leasing arrangements.	• Required effective date: January 1, 2019. ^(a) • The Firm is currently evaluating the potential impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.


(a)	Early adoption is permitted.



FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

From time to time, the Firm has made and will make forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipate,” “target,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “believe,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements provide JPMorgan Chase’s current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. JPMorgan Chase’s disclosures in this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Firm also may make forward-looking statements in its other documents filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, the Firm’s senior management may make forward-looking statements orally to investors, analysts, representatives of the media and others.

All forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Firm’s control. JPMorgan Chase’s actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in its forward-looking statements. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements:


•	Local, regional and global business, economic and political conditions and geopolitical events;


•	Changes in laws and regulatory requirements, including capital and liquidity requirements;


•	Changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws;


•	Securities and capital markets behavior, including changes in market liquidity and volatility;


•	Changes in investor sentiment or consumer spending or savings behavior;


•	Ability of the Firm to manage effectively its capital and liquidity, including approval of its capital plans by banking regulators;


•	Changes in credit ratings assigned to the Firm or its subsidiaries;


•	Damage to the Firm’s reputation;


•	Ability of the Firm to deal effectively with an economic slowdown or other economic or market disruption;


•	Technology changes instituted by the Firm, its counterparties or competitors;


•	The success of the Firm’s business simplification initiatives and the effectiveness of its control agenda;


•	Ability of the Firm to develop new products and services, and the extent to which products or services previously

sold by the Firm (including but not limited to mortgages and asset-backed securities) require the Firm to incur liabilities or absorb losses not contemplated at their initiation or origination;


•	Ability of the Firm to address changing regulatory requirements affecting its businesses;


•	Acceptance of the Firm’s new and existing products and services by the marketplace and the ability of the Firm to innovate and to increase market share;


•	Ability of the Firm to attract and retain qualified employees;


•	Ability of the Firm to control expense;


•	Competitive pressures;


•	Changes in the credit quality of the Firm’s customers and counterparties;


•	Adequacy of the Firm’s risk management framework, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;


•	Adverse judicial or regulatory proceedings;


•	Changes in applicable accounting policies;


•	Ability of the Firm to determine accurate values of certain assets and liabilities;


•	Occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or calamities or conflicts and the Firm’s ability to deal effectively with disruptions caused by the foregoing;


•	Ability of the Firm to maintain the security and integrity of its financial, accounting, technology, data processing and other operating systems and facilities;


•	Ability of the Firm to effectively defend itself against cyberattacks and other attempts by unauthorized parties to access the Firm’s information or disrupt its systems; and


•	The other risks and uncertainties detailed in Part I,

Item 1A: Risk Factors in the Firm’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Firm speak only as of the date they are made, and JPMorgan Chase does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statements were made. The reader should, however, consult any further disclosures of a forward-looking nature the Firm may make in any subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, or Current Reports on Form 8-K.

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Consolidated statements of income (unaudited)



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	2016		2015
Revenue
Investment banking fees	$	1,333	$	1,794
Principal transactions	2,679		3,655
Lending- and deposit-related fees	1,403		1,363
Asset management, administration and commissions	3,624		3,807
Securities gains ^(a)	51		52
Mortgage fees and related income	667		705
Card income	1,301		1,431
Other income	801		582
Noninterest revenue	11,859		13,389
Interest income	13,552		12,565
Interest expense	2,172		1,888
Net interest income	11,380		10,677
Total net revenue	23,239		24,066

Provision for credit losses	1,824		959

Noninterest expense
Compensation expense	7,660		8,043
Occupancy expense	883		933
Technology, communications and equipment expense	1,618		1,491
Professional and outside services	1,548		1,634
Marketing	703		591
Other expense	1,425		2,191
Total noninterest expense	13,837		14,883
Income before income tax expense	7,578		8,224
Income tax expense	2,058		2,310
Net income	$	5,520	$	5,914
Net income applicable to common stockholders	$	4,991	$	5,452
Net income per common share data
Basic earnings per share	$	1.36	$	1.46
Diluted earnings per share	1.35		1.45

Weighted-average basic shares	3,669.9		3,725.3
Weighted-average diluted shares	3,696.9		3,757.5
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.44	$	0.40


(a)	The Firm recognized other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses of $11 million and $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited)



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
Net income	$	5,520		$	5,914
Other comprehensive income, after–tax
Unrealized gains on investment securities	425			89
Translation adjustments, net of hedges	(2		)	(10		)
Cash flow hedges	(70		)	77
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans	25			85
Debit valuation adjustment (“DVA”) on fair value option elected liabilities	58			NA
Total other comprehensive income, after–tax	436			241
Comprehensive income	$	5,956		$	6,155

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited)



(in millions, except share data)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	18,212		$	20,490
Deposits with banks	360,196			340,015
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (included $24,122 and $23,141 at fair value)	223,220			212,575
Securities borrowed (included zero and $395 at fair value)	102,937			98,721
Trading assets (included assets pledged of $109,152 and $115,284)	366,153			343,839
Securities (included $237,391 and $241,754 at fair value and assets pledged of $20,028 and $14,883)	285,323			290,827
Loans (included $1,923 and $2,861 at fair value)	847,313			837,299
Allowance for loan losses	(13,994		)	(13,555		)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	833,319			823,744
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	57,649			46,605
Premises and equipment	14,195			14,362
Goodwill	47,310			47,325
Mortgage servicing rights	5,658			6,608
Other intangible assets	940			1,015
Other assets (included $7,520 and $7,604 at fair value and assets pledged of $1,329 and $1,286)	108,696			105,572
Total assets ^(a)	$	2,423,808		$	2,351,698
Liabilities
Deposits (included $12,019 and $12,516 at fair value)	$	1,321,816		$	1,279,715
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements (included $3,429 and $3,526 at fair value)	160,999			152,678
Commercial paper	17,490			15,562
Other borrowed funds (included $9,635 and $9,911 at fair value)	19,703			21,105
Trading liabilities	147,282			126,897
Accounts payable and other liabilities (included $4,599 and $4,401 at fair value)	176,934			177,638
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities (included $670 and $787 at fair value)	38,673			41,879
Long-term debt (included $35,215 and $33,065 at fair value)	290,754			288,651
Total liabilities ^(a)	2,173,651			2,104,125
Commitments and contingencies (see Notes 21 and 23)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock ($1 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued 2,606,750 shares)	26,068			26,068
Common stock ($1 par value; authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 4,104,933,895 shares)	4,105			4,105
Additional paid-in capital	91,782			92,500
Retained earnings	149,730			146,420
Accumulated other comprehensive income	782			192
Shares held in RSU Trust, at cost ( 472,953 shares)	(21		)	(21		)
Treasury stock, at cost ( 448,274,970 and 441,459,392 shares)	(22,289		)	(21,691		)
Total stockholders’ equity	250,157			247,573
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,423,808		$	2,351,698


(a)	The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that are consolidated by the Firm at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . The difference between total VIE assets and liabilities represents the Firm’s interests in those entities, which were eliminated in consolidation.



(in millions)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015
Assets
Trading assets	$	4,834	$	3,736
Loans	66,680		75,104
All other assets	3,523		2,765
Total assets	$	75,037	$	81,605
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	38,673	$	41,879
All other liabilities	789		809
Total liabilities	$	39,462	$	42,688

The assets of the consolidated VIEs are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The holders of the beneficial interests do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase . At both March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm provided limited program-wide credit enhancement of $2.0 billion related to its Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, which are eliminated in consolidation. For further discussion, see Note 15 .

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited)



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	2016			2015
Preferred stock
Balance at January 1	$	26,068		$	20,063
Issuance of preferred stock	—			1,430
Balance at March 31	26,068			21,493
Common stock
Balance at January 1 and March 31	4,105			4,105
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at January 1	92,500			93,270
Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee stock-based compensation awards, and related tax effects	(732		)	(987		)
Other	14			(38		)
Balance at March 31	91,782			92,245
Retained earnings
Balance at January 1	146,420			129,977
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle	(154		)	—
Net income	5,520			5,914
Dividends declared:
Preferred stock	(412		)	(324		)
Common stock ( $0.44 and $0.40 per share)	(1,644		)	(1,519		)
Balance at March 31	149,730			134,048
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance at January 1	192			2,189
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle	154			—
Other comprehensive income	436			241
Balance at March 31	782			2,430
Shares held in RSU Trust, at cost
Balance at January 1 and March 31	(21		)	(21		)
Treasury stock, at cost
Balance at January 1	(21,691		)	(17,856		)
Purchase of treasury stock	(1,696		)	(1,900		)
Reissuance from treasury stock	1,098			1,320
Balance at March 31	(22,289		)	(18,436		)
Total stockholders ’ equity	$	250,157		$	235,864

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited)



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
Operating activities
Net income	$	5,520		$	5,914
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	1,824			959
Depreciation and amortization	1,289			1,181
Deferred tax expense/(benefit)	906			33
Other	468			513
Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale	(7,457		)	(8,856		)
Proceeds from sales, securitizations and paydowns of loans held-for-sale	7,818			10,646
Net change in:
Trading assets	(32,979		)	5,450
Securities borrowed	(4,826		)	2,057
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	(11,115		)	(27		)
Other assets	(7,464		)	(10,199		)
Trading liabilities	24,919			17,349
Accounts payable and other liabilities	124			(6,482		)
Other operating adjustments	(410		)	(3,659		)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	(21,383		)	14,879
Investing activities
Net change in:
Deposits with banks	(20,181		)	(21,906		)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	(10,577		)	(3,468		)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities	1,218			1,379
Purchases	(134		)	(1,459		)
Available-for-sale securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities	15,845			25,221
Proceeds from sales	11,676			6,909
Purchases	(19,525		)	(21,663		)
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans held-for-investment	2,860			4,661
Other changes in loans, net	(15,925		)	(15,768		)
All other investing activities, net	162			1,944
Net cash used in investing activities	(34,581		)	(24,150		)
Financing activities
Net change in:
Deposits	51,978			8,967
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	8,304			4,468
Commercial paper and other borrowed funds	807			(11,885		)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities	(2,744		)	(510		)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	15,718			28,395
Payments of long-term borrowings	(16,560		)	(22,183		)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock	—			1,392
Treasury stock purchased	(1,696		)	(1,900		)
Dividends paid	(1,946		)	(1,770		)
All other financing activities, net	(277		)	(637		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	53,584			4,337
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks	102			(76		)
Net decrease in cash and due from banks	(2,278		)	(5,010		)
Cash and due from banks at the beginning of the period	20,490			27,831
Cash and due from banks at the end of the period	$	18,212		$	22,821
Cash interest paid	$	2,129		$	1,601
Cash income taxes paid, net	447			608

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

See Glossary of Terms for definitions of terms used throughout the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Note 1 – Basis of presentation

JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“ JPMorgan Chase ” or the “Firm”), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading global financial services firm and one of the largest banking institutions in the United States of America (“U.S.”), with operations worldwide. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. For a discussion of the Firm’s business segments, see Note 24 .

The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by regulatory authorities.

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all normal, recurring adjustments have been included for a fair statement of this interim financial information.

These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto, included in JPMorgan Chase ’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 , as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “2015 Annual Report”).

Certain amounts reported in prior periods have been reclassified to conform with the current presentation.

Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of JPMorgan Chase and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Assets held for clients in an agency or fiduciary capacity by the Firm are not assets of JPMorgan Chase and are not included on the Consolidated balance sheets.

The Firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a VIE.

Effective January 1, 2016, the Firm adopted new accounting guidance related to the consolidation of legal entities such as limited partnerships, limited liability corporations, and securitization structures. The guidance eliminated the deferral issued by the Financial Accounting

Standards Board (“FASB”) in February 2010 of the accounting guidance for VIEs for certain investment funds, including mutual funds, private equity funds and hedge funds. In addition, the guidance amends the evaluation of fees paid to a decision-maker or a service provider, and exempts certain money market funds from consolidation. Furthermore, asset management funds structured as limited partnerships or certain limited liability companies are now evaluated for consolidation as voting interest entities if the non-managing partners or members have the ability to remove the Firm as the general partner or managing member without cause (i.e., kick-out rights) based on a simple majority vote. Accordingly, the Firm does not consolidate these voting interest entities. However, in the limited cases where the non-managing partners or members do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights, the Firm evaluates the funds as VIEs and consolidates if it is the general partner or managing member and has a potentially significant variable interest. There was no material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption of this accounting guidance.

For a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation, see Notes 1 and 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Offsetting assets and liabilities

U.S. GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. U.S. GAAP also permits securities sold and purchased under repurchase agreements to be presented net when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Firm has elected to net such balances when the specified conditions are met. For further information on offsetting assets and liabilities, see Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report.

Note 2 – Business changes

There were no material business changes during the first quarter of 2016.

Note 3 – Fair value measurement

For a discussion of the Firm’s valuation methodologies for assets, liabilities and lending-related commitments measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

The following table presents the asset and liabilities reported at fair value as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , by major product category and fair value hierarchy .



Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
	Fair value hierarchy						Derivative netting adjustments
March 31, 2016 (in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3					Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—	$	24,118	$	4	$	—		$	24,122
Securities borrowed	—		—		—		—			—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agencies ^(a)	35		31,398		650		—			32,083
Residential – nonagency	—		1,318		186		—			1,504
Commercial – nonagency	—		1,365		195		—			1,560
Total mortgage-backed securities	35		34,081		1,031		—			35,147
U.S. Treasury and government agencies ^(a)	21,861		5,399		—		—			27,260
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		7,460		620		—			8,080
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper	—		2,303		—		—			2,303
Non-U.S. government debt securities	31,008		27,407		40		—			58,455
Corporate debt securities	—		23,893		654		—			24,547
Loans ^(b)	—		22,596		6,776		—			29,372
Asset-backed securities	—		2,507		1,190		—			3,697
Total debt instruments	52,904		125,646		10,311		—			188,861
Equity securities	87,551		737		279		—			88,567
Physical commodities ^(c)	5,688		1,269		—		—			6,957
Other	—		10,779		723		—			11,502
Total debt and equity instruments ^(d)	146,143		138,431		11,313		—			295,887
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate	439		855,037		2,884		(822,750		)	35,610
Credit	—		46,736		1,885		(47,527		)	1,094
Foreign exchange	1,279		205,790		1,469		(189,606		)	18,932
Equity	—		37,825		822		(32,382		)	6,265
Commodity	111		21,715		264		(13,782		)	8,308
Total derivative receivables ^(e)	1,829		1,167,103		7,324		(1,106,047		)	70,209
Total trading assets ^(f)	147,972		1,305,534		18,637		(1,106,047		)	366,096
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agencies ^(a)	—		55,884		—		—			55,884
Residential – nonagency	—		25,942		1		—			25,943
Commercial – nonagency	—		22,649		—		—			22,649
Total mortgage-backed securities	—		104,475		1		—			104,476
U.S. Treasury and government agencies ^(a)	12,053		36		—		—			12,089
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		33,350		—		—			33,350
Certificates of deposit	—		53		—		—			53
Non-U.S. government debt securities	24,401		13,390		—		—			37,791
Corporate debt securities	—		8,051		—		—			8,051
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	—		30,392		752		—			31,144
Other	—		8,468		57		—			8,525
Equity securities	1,912		—		—		—			1,912
Total available-for-sale securities	38,366		198,215		810		—			237,391
Loans	—		914		1,009		—			1,923
Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”)	—		—		5,658		—			5,658
Other assets:
Private equity investments ^(g)	110		89		1,644		—			1,843
All other	3,975		30		707		—			4,712
Total other assets ^(f)	4,085		119		2,351		—			6,555
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	190,423	$	1,528,900	$	28,469	$	(1,106,047	)	$	641,745
Deposits	$	—	$	9,600	$	2,419	$	—		$	12,019
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	—		3,423		6		—			3,429
Other borrowed funds	—		9,067		568		—			9,635
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments ^(d)	66,322		21,589		52		—			87,963
Derivative payables:
Interest rate	474		814,727		2,038		(800,686		)	16,553
Credit	—		46,508		1,483		(46,919		)	1,072
Foreign exchange	1,285		211,865		2,501		(193,716		)	21,935
Equity	—		37,204		2,877		(31,671		)	8,410
Commodity	136		23,815		1,216		(13,818		)	11,349
Total derivative payables ^(e)	1,895		1,134,119		10,115		(1,086,810		)	59,319
Total trading liabilities	68,217		1,155,708		10,167		(1,086,810		)	147,282
Accounts payable and other liabilities	4,583		—		16		—			4,599
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	—		21		649		—			670
Long-term debt	—		22,628		12,587		—			35,215
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	72,800	$	1,200,447	$	26,412	$	(1,086,810	)	$	212,849



	Fair value hierarchy						Derivative netting adjustments
December 31, 2015 (in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3					Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—	$	23,141	$	—	$	—		$	23,141
Securities borrowed	—		395		—		—			395
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agencies ^(a)	6		31,815		715		—			32,536
Residential – nonagency	—		1,299		194		—			1,493
Commercial – nonagency	—		1,080		115		—			1,195
Total mortgage-backed securities	6		34,194		1,024		—			35,224
U.S. Treasury and government agencies ^(a)	12,036		6,985		—		—			19,021
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		6,986		651		—			7,637
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper	—		1,042		—		—			1,042
Non-U.S. government debt securities	27,974		25,064		74		—			53,112
Corporate debt securities	—		22,807		736		—			23,543
Loans ^(b)	—		22,211		6,604		—			28,815
Asset-backed securities	—		2,392		1,832		—			4,224
Total debt instruments	40,016		121,681		10,921		—			172,618
Equity securities	94,059		606		265		—			94,930
Physical commodities ^(c)	3,593		1,064		—		—			4,657
Other	—		11,152		744		—			11,896
Total debt and equity instruments ^(d)	137,668		134,503		11,930		—			284,101
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate	354		666,491		2,766		(643,248		)	26,363
Credit	—		48,850		2,618		(50,045		)	1,423
Foreign exchange	734		177,525		1,616		(162,698		)	17,177
Equity	—		35,150		709		(30,330		)	5,529
Commodity	108		24,720		237		(15,880		)	9,185
Total derivative receivables ^(e)	1,196		952,736		7,946		(902,201		)	59,677
Total trading assets ^(f)	138,864		1,087,239		19,876		(902,201		)	343,778
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agencies ^(a)	—		55,066		—		—			55,066
Residential – nonagency	—		27,618		1		—			27,619
Commercial – nonagency	—		22,897		—		—			22,897
Total mortgage-backed securities	—		105,581		1		—			105,582
U.S. Treasury and government agencies ^(a)	10,998		38		—		—			11,036
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		33,550		—		—			33,550
Certificates of deposit	—		283		—		—			283
Non-U.S. government debt securities	23,199		13,477		—		—			36,676
Corporate debt securities	—		12,436		—		—			12,436
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	—		30,248		759		—			31,007
Other	—		9,033		64		—			9,097
Equity securities	2,087		—		—		—			2,087
Total available-for-sale securities	36,284		204,646		824		—			241,754
Loans	—		1,343		1,518		—			2,861
Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		6,608		—			6,608
Other assets:							—
Private equity investments ^(g)	102		101		1,657		—			1,860
All other	3,815		28		744		—			4,587
Total other assets ^(f)	3,917		129		2,401		—			6,447
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	179,065	$	1,316,893	$	31,227	$	(902,201	)	$	624,984
Deposits	$	—	$	9,566	$	2,950	$	—		$	12,516
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	—		3,526		—		—			3,526
Other borrowed funds	—		9,272		639		—			9,911
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments ^(d)	53,845		20,199		63		—			74,107
Derivative payables:
Interest rate	216		633,060		1,890		(624,945		)	10,221
Credit	—		48,460		2,069		(48,988		)	1,541
Foreign exchange	669		187,890		2,341		(171,131		)	19,769
Equity	—		36,440		2,223		(29,480		)	9,183
Commodity	52		26,430		1,172		(15,578		)	12,076
Total derivative payables ^(e)	937		932,280		9,695		(890,122		)	52,790
Total trading liabilities	54,782		952,479		9,758		(890,122		)	126,897
Accounts payable and other liabilities	4,382		—		19		—			4,401
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	—		238		549		—			787
Long-term debt	—		21,452		11,613		—			33,065
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	59,164	$	996,533	$	25,528	$	(890,122	)	$	191,103


(a)	At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015, included total U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations of $64.1 billion and $67.0 billion , respectively, which were predominantly mortgage-related.

(b)

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015, included within trading loans were $12.3 billion and $11.8 billion , respectively, of residential first-lien mortgages, and $3.3 billion and $4.3 billion , respectively, of commercial first-lien mortgages. Residential mortgage loans include conforming mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell to U.S. government agencies of $5.9 billion and $5.3 billion , respectively, and reverse mortgages of $2.5 billion and $2.5 billion , respectively.


(c)	Physical commodities inventories are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or market. “Market” is a term defined in U.S. GAAP as not exceeding fair value less costs to sell (“transaction costs”). Transaction costs for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories are either not applicable or immaterial to the value of the inventory. Therefore, market approximates fair value for

the Firm’s physical commodities inventories. When fair value hedging has been applied (or when market is below cost), the carrying value of physical commodities approximates fair value, because under fair value hedge accounting, the cost basis is adjusted for changes in fair value. For a further discussion of the Firm’s hedge accounting relationships, see Note 5 . To provide consistent fair value disclosure information, all physical commodities inventories have been included in each period presented.


(d)	Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).

(e)

As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. For purposes of the tables above, the Firm does not reduce derivative receivables and derivative payables balances for this netting adjustment, either within or across the levels of the fair value hierarchy, as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. However, if the Firm were to net such balances within level 3, the reduction in the level 3 derivative receivables and payables balances would be $2.7 billion and $546 million at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015, respectively; this is exclusive of the netting benefit associated with cash collateral, which would further reduce the level 3 balances.

(f)

Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the fair values of these investments, which include certain hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate and other funds, were $1.0 billion and $1.2 billion , respectively. Included in the balances at March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, were trading assets of $57 million and $61 million , respectively, and other assets of $965 million and $1.2 billion , respectively.


(g)	Private equity instruments represent investments within Corporate. The portion of the private equity investment portfolio carried at fair value on a recurring basis had a cost basis of $3.3 billion and $3.5 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015, respectively.

Transfers between levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, there were no individually significant transfers between levels 1 and 2, or between level 2 and level 3.

All transfers are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.

Level 3 valuations

For further information on the Firm’s valuation process and a detailed discussion of the determination of fair value for individual financial instruments, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

The following table presents the Firm’s primary level 3 financial instruments, the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of those financial instruments, the significant unobservable inputs, the range of values for those inputs and, for certain instruments, the weighted averages of such inputs. While the determination to classify an instrument within level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement, level 3 financial instruments typically include observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources) in addition to the unobservable components. The level 1 and/or level 2 inputs are not included in the table. In addition, the Firm manages the risk of the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within levels 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The range of values presented in the table is representative of the highest and lowest level input used to value the significant groups of instruments within a product/instrument classification. Where provided, the weighted averages of the input values presented in the table are

calculated based on the fair value of the instruments that the input is being used to value.

In the Firm’s view, the input range and the weighted average value do not reflect the degree of input uncertainty or an assessment of the reasonableness of the Firm’s estimates and assumptions. Rather, they reflect the characteristics of the various instruments held by the Firm and the relative distribution of instruments within the range of characteristics. For example, two option contracts may have similar levels of market risk exposure and valuation uncertainty, but may have significantly different implied volatility levels because the option contracts have different underlyings, tenors, or strike prices. The input range and weighted average values will therefore vary from period to period and parameter-to-parameter based on the characteristics of the instruments held by the Firm at each balance sheet date.

For the F irm’s derivatives and structured notes positions classified within level 3 at March 31, 2016, interest rate correlation inputs used in estimating fair value were concentrated towards the upper end of the range presented; equities correlation inputs were concentrated at the upper end of the range; the credit correlation inputs were distributed across the range presented; and the foreign exchange correlation inputs were concentrated at the top end of the range presented. In addition, the interest rate volatility inputs and the foreign exchange correlation inputs used in estimating fair value were each concentrated at the upper end of the range presented. The equity volatilities are concentrated in the lower half end of the range. The forward commodity prices used in estimating the fair value of commodity derivatives were concentrated in the middle of the range presented.



Level 3 inputs ^(a)
March 31, 2016 (in millions, except for ratios and basis points)
Product/Instrument	Fair value			Principal valuation technique	Unobservable inputs	Range of input values						Weighted average
Residential mortgage-backed securities and loans	$	4,630		Discounted cash flows	Yield	3		%	–	17%		5		%
					Prepayment speed	0		%	–	20%		6		%
					Conditional default rate	0		%	–	20%		3		%
					Loss severity	0		%	–	100%		30		%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and loans ^(b)	2,557			Discounted cash flows	Yield	1		%	–	25%		6		%
					Conditional default rate	0		%	–	100%		27		%
					Loss severity	40%						40		%
Corporate debt securities, obligations of U.S. states and municipalities, and other ^(c)	2,534			Discounted cash flows	Credit spread	50 bps			–	225 bps		168 bps
					Yield	2		%	–	20%		6		%
	3,233			Market comparables	Price	$	—		–	$238		$	91
Net interest rate derivatives	846			Option pricing	Interest rate correlation	(30		)%	–	96%
					Interest rate spread volatility	3		%	–	38%
Net credit derivatives ^(b)(c)	402			Discounted cash flows	Credit correlation	30		%	–	85%
Net foreign exchange derivatives	(1,032		)	Option pricing	Foreign exchange correlation	0		%	–	70%
Net equity derivatives	(2,055		)	Option pricing	Equity volatility	15		%	–	70%
Net commodity derivatives	(952		)	Discounted cash flows	Forward commodity price	$	23		–	$45 per barrel
Collateralized loan obligations	752			Discounted cash flows	Credit spread	425 bps			–	705 bps		454 bps
					Prepayment speed	20					%	20		%
					Conditional default rate	2					%	2		%
					Loss severity	40					%	40		%
	133			Market comparables	Price	$	—		–	$100		$	57
MSRs	5,658			Discounted cash flows	Refer to Note 16
Private equity investments	1,644			Market comparables	EBITDA multiple	6.0 x			–	9.9 x		7.8 x
					Liquidity adjustment	0		%	–	23%		9		%
Long-term debt, other borrowed funds, and deposits ^(d)	15,069			Option pricing	Interest rate correlation	(30		)%	–	96%
					Interest rate spread volatility	3		%	–	38%
					Foreign exchange correlation	0		%	–	70%
					Equity correlation	(50		)%	–	80%
	505			Discounted cash flows	Credit correlation	30		%	–	85%
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs ^(e)	649			Discounted Cash Flows	Yield	3		%	–	7%		4		%
					Prepayment Speed	7		%	–	8%		7		%
					Conditional default rate	2		%	–	20%		3		%
					Loss severity	30		%	–	30%		30		%


(a)	The categories presented in the table have been aggregated based upon the product type, which may differ from their classification on the Consolidated balance sheets.


(b)	The unobservable inputs and associated input ranges for approximately $320 million of credit derivative receivables and $283 million of credit derivative payables with underlying commercial mortgage risk have been included in the inputs and ranges provided for commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and loans.


(c)	The unobservable inputs and associated input ranges for approximately $397 million of credit derivative receivables and $361 million of credit derivative payables with underlying asset-backed securities (“ABS”) risk have been included in the inputs and ranges provided for corporate debt securities, obligations of U.S. states and municipalities and other.

(d)

Long-term debt, other borrowed funds and deposits include structured notes issued by the Firm that are predominantly financial instruments containing embedded derivatives. The estimation of the fair value of structured notes is predominantly based on the derivative features embedded within the instruments. The significant unobservable inputs are broadly consistent with those presented for derivative receivables.


(e)	The parameters are related to residential mortgage-backed securities.

Changes in and ranges of unobservable inputs

For a discussion of the impact on fair value of changes in unobservable inputs and the relationships between unobservable inputs as well as a description of attributes of the underlying instruments and external market factors that affect the range of inputs used in the valuation of the Firm’s positions see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements

The following tables include a rollforward of the Consolidated balance sheets amounts (including changes in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Firm within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based on the

significance of the unobservable parameters to the overall fair value measurement. However, level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. Also, the Firm risk-manages the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within level 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy; as these level 1 and level 2 risk management instruments are not included below, the gains or losses in the following tables do not reflect the effect of the Firm’s risk management activities related to such level 3 instruments.



	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended March 31, 2016 (in millions)	Fair value at January 1, 2016			Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)														Transfers into and/or out of level 3 ⁽ⁱ⁾			Fair value at March 31, 2016				Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at March 31, 2016
								Purchases ^(g)		Sales					Settlements ^(h)
Assets:
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—		$	—			$	—	$	—				$	—		$	4			$	4		$	—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agencies	715			(50		)		128		(158		)			(30		)	45				650			(53		)
Residential – nonagency	194			—				34		(36		)			(5		)	(1		)		186			(3		)
Commercial – nonagency	115			(5		)		50		(5		)			—			40				195			(4		)
Total mortgage-backed securities	1,024			(55		)		212		(199		)			(35		)	84				1,031			(60		)
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	651			5				36		(66		)			(6		)	—				620			5
Non-U.S. government debt securities	74			10				4		(32		)			—			(16		)		40			7
Corporate debt securities	736			22				79		(55		)			(57		)	(71		)		654			24
Loans	6,604			29				444		(411		)			(304		)	414				6,776			8
Asset-backed securities	1,832			1				177		(136		)			(875		)	191				1,190			(8		)
Total debt instruments	10,921			12				952		(899		)			(1,277		)	602				10,311			(24		)
Equity securities	265			6				31		(9		)			(19		)	5				279			3
Other	744			(9		)		184		(143		)			(6		)	(47		)		723			38
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments	11,930			9			^(c)	1,167		(1,051		)			(1,302		)	560				11,313			17			^(c)
Net derivative receivables: ^(a)
Interest rate	876			206				44		(8		)			(262		)	(10		)		846			7
Credit	549			(246		)		—		(1		)			69			31				402			(210		)
Foreign exchange	(725		)	(247		)		—		(15		)			(42		)	(3		)		(1,032		)	(265		)
Equity	(1,514		)	(352		)		70		(107		)			78			(230		)		(2,055		)	(399		)
Commodity	(935		)	(8		)		—		—					(11		)	2				(952		)	(28		)
Total net derivative receivables	(1,749		)	(647		)	^(c)	114		(131		)			(168		)	(210		)		(2,791		)	(895		)	^(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Asset-backed securities	823			(8		)		—		—					(6		)	—				809			(8		)
Other	1			—				—		—					—			—				1			—
Total available-for-sale securities	824			(8		)	^(d)	—		—					(6		)	—				810			(8		)	^(d)
Loans	1,518			22			^(c)	—		—					(218		)	(313		)		1,009			22			^(c)
Mortgage servicing rights	6,608			(752		)	^(e)	107		(64		)			(241		)	—				5,658			(752		)	^(e)
Other assets:
Private equity investments	1,657			45			^(c)	14		(16		)			(56		)	—				1,644			38			^(c)
All other	744			(13		)	^(f)	—		—					(24		)	—				707			(11		)	^(f)

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended March 31, 2016 (in millions)	Fair value at January 1, 2016			Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses														Transfers into and/or out of level 3 ⁽ⁱ⁾			Fair value at March 31, 2016				Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at March 31, 2016
								Purchases		Sales			Issuances		Settlements ^(h)
Liabilities: ^(b)
Deposits	$	2,950		$	42		^(c)	$	—	$	—		$	166	$	(509	)	$	(230	)		$	2,419		$	57		^(c)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	—			—				—		—			—		—			6				6			—
Other borrowed funds	639			(125		)	^(c)	—		—			257		(199		)	(4		)		568			(42		)	^(c)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments	63			(4		)	^(c)	—		1			—		(3		)	(5		)		52			—			^(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	19			—				—		—			—		(3		)	—				16			—
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	549			8			^(c)	—		—			143		(51		)	—				649			8			^(c)
Long-term debt	11,613			439			^(c)	—		—			2,161		(1,397		)	(229		)		12,587			330			^(c)



	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended March 31, 2015 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan 1, 2015			Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)															Transfers into and/or out of level 3 ⁽ⁱ⁾			Fair value at March 31, 2015				Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at March 31, 2015
								Purchases ^(g)			Sales					Settlements ^(h)
Assets:
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agencies	$	922		$	(53	)		$	74		$	(17	)			$	(40	)	$	2			$	888		$	(52	)
Residential – nonagency	663			(10		)		152			(347		)			(6		)	(3		)		449			(34		)
Commercial – nonagency	306			(11		)		82			(151		)			(8		)	(7		)		211			(16		)
Total mortgage-backed securities	1,891			(74		)		308			(515		)			(54		)	(8		)		1,548			(102		)
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	1,273			10				144			(71		)			(25		)	—				1,331			8
Non-U.S. government debt securities	302			1				101			(92		)			(31		)	(101		)		180			1
Corporate debt securities	2,989			(55		)		533			(496		)			(92		)	(120		)		2,759			(26		)
Loans	13,287			(285		)		736			(1,997		)			(469		)	(509		)		10,763			(275		)
Asset-backed securities	1,264			(37		)		559			(521		)			32			(64		)		1,233			(44		)
Total debt instruments	21,006			(440		)		2,381			(3,692		)			(639		)	(802		)		17,814			(438		)
Equity securities	431			38				29			(110		)			(3		)	(68		)		317			31
Physical commodities	2			—				—			—					—			—				2			—
Other	1,050			8				661			(584		)			(79		)	(17		)		1,039			15
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments	22,489			(394		)	^(c)	3,071			(4,386		)			(721		)	(887		)		19,172			(392		)	^(c)
Net derivative receivables: ^(a)
Interest rate	626			142				309			(74		)			(255		)	(98		)		650			308
Credit	189			77				9			(3		)			19			(16		)		275			75
Foreign exchange	(526		)	827				5			(3		)			201			203				707			779
Equity	(1,785		)	(476		)		208			(289		)			(355		)	(48		)		(2,745		)	(484		)
Commodity	(565		)	(40		)		—			—					(98		)	(32		)		(735		)	(49		)
Total net derivative receivables	(2,061		)	530			^(c)	531			(369		)			(488		)	9				(1,848		)	629			^(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Asset-backed securities	908			(9		)		49			(43		)			(24		)	—				881			(4		)
Other	129			—				—			—					(7		)	—				122			—
Total available-for-sale securities	1,037			(9		)	^(d)	49			(43		)			(31		)	—				1,003			(4		)	^(d)
Loans	2,541			(205		)	^(c)	120			(83		)			(151		)	—				2,222			(205		)	^(c)
Mortgage servicing rights	7,436			(579		)	^(e)	156			(157		)			(215		)	—				6,641			(579		)	^(e)
Other assets:
Private equity investments	2,225			35			^(c)	—			—					(61		)	(126		)		2,073			(1		)	^(c)
All other	959			(1		)	^(f)	55			(87		)			(36		)	—				890			2			^(f)

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended March 31, 2015 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan 1, 2015			Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses															Transfers into and/or out of level 3 ⁽ⁱ⁾			Fair value at March 31, 2015				Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at March 31, 2015
								Purchases			Sales			Issuances		Settlements ^(h)
Liabilities: ^(b)
Deposits	$	2,859		$	92		^(c)	$	—		$	—		$	775	$	(115	)	$	(271	)		$	3,340		$	88		^(c)
Other borrowed funds	1,453			(119		)	^(c)	—			—			1,048		(981		)	(285		)		1,116			(110		)	^(c)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments	72			3			^(c)	(108		)	126			—		(9		)	(2		)		82			2			^(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	26			—			^(f)	—			—			—		(3		)	—				23			—			^(f)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	1,146			(53		)	^(c)	—			—			2		(72		)	—				1,023			(47		)	^(c)
Long-term debt	11,877			(105		)	^(c)	—			—			2,837		(2,383		)	(223		)		12,003			(96		)	^(c)


(a)	All level 3 derivatives are presented on a net basis, irrespective of the underlying counterparty.


(b)	Level 3 liabilities as a percentage of total Firm liabilities accounted for at fair value (including liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 12% at March 31, 2016 and 13% at December 31, 2015.


(c)	Predominantly reported in principal transactions revenue, except for changes in fair value for Consumer & Community Banking mortgage loans, lending-related commitments originated with the intent to sell, and mortgage loan purchase commitments, which are reported in mortgage fees and related income.

(d)

Realized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, as well as other-than-temporary impairment losses that are recorded in earnings, are reported in securities gains. Unrealized gains/(losses) are reported in other comprehensive income (“ OCI”). Realized gains/(losses) and foreign exchange hedge accounting adjustments recorded in income on AFS securities were zero and $(7) million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 respectively. Unrealized gains/(losses) recorded on AFS securities in OCI were $(8) million and $(2) million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


(e)	Changes in fair value for Consumer & Community Banking ( “ CCB”) mortgage servicing rights are reported in mortgage fees and related income.


(f)	Predominantly reported in other income.


(g)	Loan originations are included in purchases.


(h)	Includes financial assets and liabilities that have matured, been partially or fully repaid, impacts of modifications, and deconsolidations associated with beneficial interests in VIEs.


(i)	All transfers into and/or out of level 3 are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.

Level 3 analysis

Consolidated balance sheets changes

Level 3 assets (including assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 1.2% of total Firm assets at March 31, 2016. The following describes significant changes to level 3 assets since December 31, 2015, for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis. For further information on changes impacting items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, see Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on page 85 .

Three months ended March 31, 2016

Level 3 assets were $28.5 billion at March 31, 2016, reflecting a decrease of $2.8 billion from December 31, 2015, largely due to settlements within trading assets and a decrease in the fair value of MSRs. For further information on MSRs, see Note 16 .

Gains and losses

The following describes significant components of total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated. For further information on these instruments, see Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements rollforward tables on pages 82–84 .

Three months ended March 31, 2016


•	$1.3 billion of net losses on assets and $360 million of net losses on liabilities, respectively, none of which were individually significant.

Three months ended March 31, 2015


•	$623 million of net losses and $182 million of net gains on assets and liabilities, respectively, none of which were individually significant.

Credit & funding adjustments — derivatives

Derivatives are generally valued using models that use as their basis observable market parameters. These market parameters generally do not consider factors such as counterparty nonperformance risk, the Firm’s own credit quality, and funding costs. Therefore, it is generally necessary to make adjustments to the base estimate of fair value to reflect these factors.

Credit valuation adjustments (“CVA”) represents the adjustment, relative to the relevant benchmark interest rate, necessary to reflect counterparty nonperformance risk. The Firm estimates CVA using a scenario analysis to estimate the expected credit exposure across all of the Firm’s positions with each counterparty, and then estimates losses as a result of a counterparty credit event. The key inputs to this methodology are (i) the expected positive exposure to each counterparty based on a simulation that assumes the current population of existing derivatives with each counterparty remains unchanged and considers contractual factors designed to mitigate the Firm’s credit exposure, such as collateral and legal rights of offset; (ii) the probability of a default event occurring for each counterparty, as derived from observed or estimated credit default swaps (“CDS”) spreads; and (iii) estimated recovery rates implied by CDS spreads, adjusted to consider the differences in recovery rates as a derivative creditor relative to those reflected in CDS spreads, which generally reflect senior unsecured creditor risk.

Debit valuation adjustments (“DVA”) represents the adjustment, relative to the relevant benchmark interest rate, necessary to reflect the credit quality of the Firm. The derivative DVA calculation methodology is generally consistent with the CVA methodology described above and incorporates JPMorgan Chase’s credit spread as observed through the CDS market to estimate the probability of default and loss given default as a result of a systemic event affecting the Firm.

Funding valuation adjustments (“FVA”) represents the adjustment to reflect the impact of funding and is recognized where there is evidence that a market participant in the principal market would incorporate it in a transfer of the instrument. The Firm’s FVA framework, applied to uncollateralized (including partially collateralized) over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives, leverages its existing CVA and DVA calculation

methodologies, and considers the fact that the Firm’s own credit risk is a significant component of funding costs.

The key inputs to FVA are: (i) the expected funding requirements arising from the Firm’s positions with each counterparty and collateral arrangements; (ii) for assets, the estimated market funding cost in the principal market; and (iii) for liabilities, the hypothetical market funding cost for a transfer to a market participant with a similar credit standing as the Firm. For collateralized derivatives, the fair value is estimated by discounting expected future cash flows at the relevant overnight indexed swap (“OIS”) rate given the underlying collateral agreement with the counterparty, and therefore a separate FVA is not necessary.

The following table provides the impact of credit and funding adjustments on principal transactions revenue in the respective periods, excluding the effect of any associated hedging activities. The DVA and FVA reported below include the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality over time.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
Credit adjustments:
Derivatives CVA	$	(588	)	$	181
Derivatives DVA and FVA	(166		)	(141		)

Valuation adjustments on fair value option elected liabilities

The valuation of the Firm’s liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected requires consideration of the Firm’s own credit risk. DVA on fair value option elected liabilities is measured using (i) the current fair value of the liability and (ii) changes (subsequent to the issuance of the liability) in the Firm’s probability of default and loss given default, which are estimated based on changes in the Firm’s credit spread observed in the bond market. Effective January 1, 2016, the effect of DVA on fair value option elected liabilities is recognized in OCI. See Note 19 for further information.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

At March 31, 2016 and 2015, assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were $597 million and $3.5 billion , respectively, which predominantly consisted of loans that had fair value adjustments in the first three months of both 2016 and 2015. At March 31, 2016 , $314 million and $283 million of these loans were classified in levels 2 and 3 of the fair value hierarchy, respectively. At March 31, 2015, $1.3 billion and $2.2 billion of these loans were classified in levels 2 and 3 of the fair value hierarchy, respectively. Liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were not significant at March 31, 2016 and 2015. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 there were no significant transfers between levels 1, 2 and 3 related to assets held at the balance sheet date.

Of the $283 million of level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2016:

•

$136 million related to residential real estate loans measured at the net realizable value of the underlying collateral (i.e., collateral-dependent loans and other loans charged off in accordance with regulatory guidance). These amounts are classified as level 3 as they are valued using a broker’s price opinion and discounted based upon the Firm’s experience with actual liquidation values. These discounts to the broker price opinions ranged from 8% to 38% , with a weighted average of 21% .

The total change in the recorded value of assets and liabilities for which a fair value adjustment has been included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, related to financial instruments held at those dates, was a reduction of $71 million and $88 million , respectively.

For information about the measurement of impaired collateral-dependent loans, and other loans where the carrying value is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral (e.g., residential mortgage loans charged off in accordance with regulatory guidance), see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Additional disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments that are not carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , of financial assets and liabilities, excluding financial instruments which are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy. For additional information regarding the financial instruments within the scope of this disclosure, and the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate their fair value, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



	March 31, 2016										December 31, 2015
			Estimated fair value hierarchy										Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)	Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value		Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	$	18.2	$	18.2	$	—	$	—	$	18.2	$	20.5	$	20.5	$	—	$	—	$	20.5
Deposits with banks	360.2		354.1		6.1		—		360.2		340.0		335.9		4.1		—		340.0
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	57.6		—		57.4		0.2		57.6		46.6		—		46.4		0.2		46.6
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	199.1		—		198.9		0.2		199.1		189.5		—		189.5		—		189.5
Securities borrowed	102.9		—		102.9		—		102.9		98.3		—		98.3		—		98.3
Securities, held-to-maturity ^(a)	47.9		—		50.2		—		50.2		49.1		—		50.6		—		50.6
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses ^(b)	831.4		—		24.5		813.2		837.7		820.8		—		25.4		802.7		828.1
Other	71.4		0.1		61.6		14.3		76.0		66.0		0.1		56.3		14.3		70.7
Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	1,309.8	$	—	$	1,308.3	$	1.6	$	1,309.9	$	1,267.2	$	—	$	1,266.1	$	1.2	$	1,267.3
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	157.6		—		156.8		0.7		157.5		149.2		—		149.2		—		149.2
Commercial paper	17.5		—		17.5		—		17.5		15.6		—		15.6		—		15.6
Other borrowed funds	10.1		—		10.1		—		10.1		11.2		—		11.2		—		11.2
Accounts payable and other liabilities	148.4		—		145.6		2.6		148.2		144.6		—		141.7		2.8		144.5
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs ^(c)	38.0		—		37.2		0.8		38.0		41.1		—		40.2		0.9		41.1
Long-term debt and junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures ^(d)	255.6		—		259.8		4.3		264.1		255.6		—		257.4		4.3		261.7


(a)	Carrying value reflects unamortized discount or premium.

(b)

Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the characteristics of the underlying loans (including principal, contractual interest rate and contractual fees) and other key inputs, including expected lifetime credit losses, interest rates, prepayment rates, and primary origination or secondary market spreads. For certain loans, the fair value is measured based on the value of the underlying collateral. The difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of a financial asset or liability is the result of the different methodologies used to determine fair value as compared with carrying value. For example, credit losses are estimated for a financial asset’s remaining life in a fair value calculation but are estimated for a loss emergence period in the allowance for loan loss calculation; future loan income (interest and fees) is incorporated in a fair value calculation but is generally not considered in the allowance for loan losses. For a further discussion of the Firm’s methodologies for estimating the fair value of loans and lending-related commitments, see Valuation hierarchy on pages 185–188 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


(c)	Carrying value reflects unamortized issuance costs.


(d)	Carrying value reflects unamortized premiums and discounts, issuance costs, and other valuation adjustments.

The majority of the Firm’s lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Consolidated balance sheets, nor are they actively traded. The carrying value of the allowance and the estimated fair value of the Firm’s wholesale lending-related commitments were as follows for the periods indicated.



	March 31, 2016										December 31, 2015
			Estimated fair value hierarchy										Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)	Carrying value ^(a)		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value		Carrying value ^(a)		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value
Wholesale lending-related commitments	$	1.0	$	—	$	—	$	2.9	$	2.9	$	0.8	$	—	$	—	$	3.0	$	3.0


(a)	Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which are recognized at fair value at the inception of guarantees.

The Firm does not estimate the fair value of consumer lending-related commitments. In many cases, the Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. For a further discussion of the valuation of lending-related commitments, see page 186 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Note 4 – Fair value option

For a discussion of the primary financial instruments for which the fair value option was elected, including the basis for those elections and the determination of instrument-specific credit risk, where relevant, see Note 4 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Changes in fair value under the fair value option election

The following table presents the changes in fair value included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, for items for which the fair value option was elected. The profit and loss information presented below only includes the financial instruments that were elected to be measured at fair value; related risk management instruments, which are required to be measured at fair value, are not included in the table.



	Three months ended March 31,
	2016										2015
(in millions)	Principal transactions			All other income				Total changes in fair value recorded			Principal transactions			All other income			Total changes in fair value recorded
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements ^(a)	$	68		$	—			$	68		$	73		$	—		$	73
Securities borrowed ^(a)	(2		)	—				(2		)	(2		)	—			(2		)
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans	28			(1		)		27			380			—			380
Loans reported as trading assets ^(b) :
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk	64			(2		)	^(e)	62			152			3		^(e)	155
Other changes in fair value	116			317			^(e)	433			127			280		^(e)	407
Loans ^(b) :
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk	13			—				13			1			—			1
Other changes in fair value	7			—				7			—			—			—
Other assets	12			(20		)	^(f)	(8		)	60			6		^(f)	66
Deposits ^(c)	(343		)	—				(343		)	(125		)	—			(125		)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements ^(a)	(17		)	—				(17		)	(9		)	—			(9		)
Other borrowed funds ^(c)	528			—				528			(9		)	—			(9		)
Trading liabilities	4			—				4			(2		)	—			(2		)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	7			—				7			18			—			18
Other liabilities	—			—				—			—			—			—
Long-term debt:
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities ^(c)	—			—				—			116			—			116
Other changes in fair value ^(d)	(318		)	—				(318		)	(378		)	—			(378		)

(a)

Resale and repurchase agreements, securities borrowed agreements and securities lending agreements: Generally, for these types of agreements, there is a requirement that collateral be maintained with a market value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned; as a result, there would be no adjustment or an immaterial adjustment for instrument-specific credit risk related to these agreements.

(b)

Loans and lending-related commitments: For floating-rate instruments, all changes in value are attributed to instrument-specific credit risk. For fixed-rate instruments, an allocation of the changes in value for the period is made between those changes in value that are interest rate-related and changes in value that are credit-related. Allocations are generally based on an analysis of borrower-specific credit spread and recovery information, where available, or benchmarking to similar entities or industries.

(c)

Effective January 1, 2016, unrealized gains (losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk (DVA) for liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected is recorded in other comprehensive income, while realized gains (losses) are recorded in principal transactions revenue. DVA for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was included in principal transactions revenue. See Notes 3 and 19 for further information. The amounts presented for the three months ended March 31, 2015 include the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality subsequent to issuance.

(d)

Long-term debt measured at fair value predominantly relate to structured notes containing embedded derivatives. Where present, the embedded derivative is the primary driver of risk. Although the risk associated with the structured notes is actively managed, the gains/(losses) reported in this table do not include the income statement impact of the risk management instruments used to manage such risk.


(e)	Reported in mortgage fees and related income.


(f)	Reported in other income.

Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding

The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , for loans, long-term debt and long-term beneficial interests for which the fair value option has been elected.



	March 31, 2016								December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Contractual principal outstanding			Fair value		Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding			Contractual principal outstanding			Fair value		Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Loans ^(a)
Nonaccrual loans
Loans reported as trading assets	$	3,483		$	763	$	(2,720	)	$	3,484		$	631	$	(2,853	)
Loans	7			7		—			7			7		—
Subtotal	3,490			770		(2,720		)	3,491			638		(2,853		)
All other performing loans
Loans reported as trading assets	31,294			28,609		(2,685		)	30,780			28,184		(2,596		)
Loans	1,885			1,879		(6		)	2,771			2,752		(19		)
Total loans	$	36,669		$	31,258	$	(5,411	)	$	37,042		$	31,574	$	(5,468	)
Long-term debt
Principal-protected debt	$	19,129	^(c)	$	17,987	$	(1,142	)	$	17,910	^(c)	$	16,611	$	(1,299	)
Nonprincipal-protected debt ^(b)	NA			17,228		NA			NA			16,454		NA
Total long-term debt	NA			$	35,215	NA			NA			$	33,065	NA
Long-term beneficial interests
Nonprincipal-protected debt	NA			$	670	NA			NA			$	787	NA
Total long-term beneficial interests	NA			$	670	NA			NA			$	787	NA


(a)	There were no performing loans that were ninety days or more past due as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

(b)

Remaining contractual principal is not applicable to nonprincipal-protected notes. Unlike principal-protected structured notes, for which the Firm is obligated to return a stated amount of principal at the maturity of the note, nonprincipal-protected structured notes do not obligate the Firm to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, but to return an amount based on the performance of an underlying variable or derivative feature embedded in the note. However, investors are exposed to the credit risk of the Firm as issuer for both nonprincipal-protected and principal protected notes.


(c)	Where the Firm issues principal-protected zero-coupon or discount notes, the balance reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity or, if applicable, the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date.

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the contractual amount of letters of credit for which the fair value option was elected was $4.6 billion and $4.6 billion , respectively, with a corresponding fair value of $(88) million and $(94) million , respectively. For further information regarding off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report, and Note 21 of this Form 10-Q.

Structured note products by balance sheet classification and risk component

The table below presents the fair value of the structured notes issued by the Firm, by balance sheet classification and the primary risk to which the structured notes’ embedded derivative relates.



	March 31, 2016								December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Long-term debt		Other borrowed funds		Deposits		Total		Long-term debt		Other borrowed funds		Deposits		Total
Risk exposure
Interest rate	$	14,225	$	118	$	2,682	$	17,025	$	12,531	$	58	$	3,340	$	15,929
Credit	3,421		733		—		4,154		3,195		547		—		3,742
Foreign exchange	2,457		329		11		2,797		1,765		77		11		1,853
Equity	14,277		7,503		5,161		26,941		14,293		8,447		4,993		27,733
Commodity	640		38		1,779		2,457		640		50		1,981		2,671
Total structured notes	$	35,020	$	8,721	$	9,633	$	53,374	$	32,424	$	9,179	$	10,325	$	51,928

Note 5 – Derivative instruments

JPMorgan Chase makes markets in derivatives for clients and also uses derivatives to hedge or manage its own risk exposures. For a further discussion of the Firm’s use of and accounting policies regarding derivative instruments, see Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

The Firm’s disclosures are based on the accounting treatment and purpose of these derivatives. A limited number of the Firm’s derivatives are designated in hedge

accounting relationships and are disclosed according to the type of hedge (fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or net investment hedge). Derivatives not designated in hedge accounting relationships include certain derivatives that are used to manage certain risks associated with specified assets or liabilities (“specified risk management” positions) as well as derivatives used in the Firm’s market-making businesses or for other purposes.

The following table outlines the Firm’s primary uses of derivatives and the related hedge accounting designation or disclosure category.



Type of Derivative	Use of Derivative	Designation and disclosure	Affected segment or unit	10-Q page reference
Manage specifically identified risk exposures in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
◦ Interest rate	Hedge fixed rate assets and liabilities	Fair value hedge	Corporate	95
◦ Interest rate	Hedge floating-rate assets and liabilities	Cash flow hedge	Corporate	95–96
◦ Foreign exchange	Hedge foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities	Fair value hedge	Corporate	95
◦ Foreign exchange	Hedge forecasted revenue and expense	Cash flow hedge	Corporate	95–96
◦ Foreign exchange	Hedge the value of the Firm’s investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries	Net investment hedge	Corporate	96
◦ Commodity	Hedge commodity inventory	Fair value hedge	CIB	95
Manage specifically identified risk exposures not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
◦ Interest rate	Manage the risk of the mortgage pipeline, warehouse loans and MSRs	Specified risk management	CCB	96
◦ Credit	Manage the credit risk of wholesale lending exposures	Specified risk management	CIB	96
◦ Commodity	Manage the risk of certain commodities-related contracts and investments	Specified risk management	CIB	96
◦ Interest rate and foreign exchange	Manage the risk of certain other specified assets and liabilities	Specified risk management	Corporate	96
Market-making derivatives and other activities:
◦ Various	Market-making and related risk management	Market-making and other	CIB	96
◦ Various	Other derivatives	Market-making and other	CIB, Corporate	96

Notional amount of derivative contracts

The following table summarizes the notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .



	Notional amounts ^(b)
(in billions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Interest rate contracts
Swaps	$	25,334	$	24,162
Futures and forwards	5,355		5,167
Written options	3,355		3,506
Purchased options	3,705		3,896
Total interest rate contracts	37,749		36,731
Credit derivatives ^(a)	3,137		2,900
Foreign exchange contracts
Cross-currency swaps	3,360		3,199
Spot, futures and forwards	5,677		5,028
Written options	813		690
Purchased options	803		706
Total foreign exchange contracts	10,653		9,623
Equity contracts
Swaps	246		232
Futures and forwards	42		43
Written options	447		395
Purchased options	376		326
Total equity contracts	1,111		996
Commodity contracts
Swaps	80		83
Spot, futures and forwards	115		99
Written options	124		115
Purchased options	121		112
Total commodity contracts	440		409
Total derivative notional amounts	$	53,090	$	50,659


(a)	For more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts, see the Credit derivatives discussion on page 97 .


(b)	Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.

While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative transactions, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is used simply as a reference to calculate payments.

Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

The following table summarizes information on derivative receivables and payables (before and after netting adjustments) that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships or not) and contract type.



Free-standing derivative receivables and payables ^(a)
	Gross derivative receivables								Gross derivative payables
March 31, 2016 (in millions)	Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative receivables		Net derivative receivables ^(b)		Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative payables		Net derivative payables ^(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate	$	852,042	$	6,318	$	858,360	$	35,610	$	813,774	$	3,465	$	817,239	$	16,553
Credit	48,621		—		48,621		1,094		47,991		—		47,991		1,072
Foreign exchange	208,145		393		208,538		18,932		213,154		2,497		215,651		21,935
Equity	38,647		—		38,647		6,265		40,081		—		40,081		8,410
Commodity	21,860		230		22,090		8,308		25,060		107		25,167		11,349
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities	$	1,169,315	$	6,941	$	1,176,256	$	70,209	$	1,140,060	$	6,069	$	1,146,129	$	59,319

	Gross derivative receivables								Gross derivative payables
December 31, 2015 (in millions)	Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative receivables		Net derivative receivables ^(b)		Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative payables		Net derivative payables ^(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate	$	665,531	$	4,080	$	669,611	$	26,363	$	632,928	$	2,238	$	635,166	$	10,221
Credit	51,468		—		51,468		1,423		50,529		—		50,529		1,541
Foreign exchange	179,072		803		179,875		17,177		189,397		1,503		190,900		19,769
Equity	35,859		—		35,859		5,529		38,663		—		38,663		9,183
Commodity	23,713		1,352		25,065		9,185		27,653		1		27,654		12,076
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities	$	955,643	$	6,235	$	961,878	$	59,677	$	939,170	$	3,742	$	942,912	$	52,790


(a)	Balances exclude structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. See Note 4 for further information.


(b)	As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral receivables and payables when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.

Derivatives netting

The following tables present, as of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, gross and net derivative receivables and payables by contract and settlement type. Derivative receivables and payables, as well as the related cash collateral from the same counterparty have been netted on the Consolidated balance sheets where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement. Where such a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, amounts are not eligible for netting on the Consolidated balance sheets, and those derivative receivables and payables are shown separately in the tables below.

In addition to the cash collateral received and transferred that is presented on a net basis with derivative receivables and payables, the Firm receives and transfers additional collateral (financial instruments and cash). These amounts mitigate counterparty credit risk associated with the Firm’s derivative instruments, but are not eligible for net presentation:


•	collateral that consists of non-cash financial instruments (generally U.S. government and agency securities and other Group of Seven Nations (“G7”) government bonds) and cash collateral held at third party custodians, which are shown separately as “Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets” in the tables below, up to the fair value exposure amount.


•	the amount of collateral held or transferred that exceeds the fair value exposure at the individual counterparty level, as of the date presented, which is excluded from the tables below.


•	collateral held or transferred that relates to derivative receivables or payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained with respect to the master netting agreement, which is excluded from the tables below.



	March 31, 2016									December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Gross derivative receivables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets				Net derivative receivables			Gross derivative receivables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets				Net derivative receivables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative receivables
Interest rate contracts:
OTC	$	499,287	$	(470,211	)		$	29,076		$	417,386	$	(396,506	)		$	20,880
OTC–cleared	352,341		(352,283		)		58			246,750		(246,742		)		8
Exchange-traded ^(a)	280		(256		)		24			—		—				—
Total interest rate contracts	851,908		(822,750		)		29,158			664,136		(643,248		)		20,888
Credit contracts:
OTC	39,794		(39,294		)		500			44,082		(43,182		)		900
OTC–cleared	8,286		(8,233		)		53			6,866		(6,863		)		3
Total credit contracts	48,080		(47,527		)		553			50,948		(50,045		)		903
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC	203,546		(189,295		)		14,251			175,060		(162,377		)		12,683
OTC–cleared	352		(285		)		67			323		(321		)		2
Exchange-traded ^(a)	165		(26		)		139			—		—				—
Total foreign exchange contracts	204,063		(189,606		)		14,457			175,383		(162,698		)		12,685
Equity contracts:
OTC	22,431		(21,450		)		981			20,690		(20,439		)		251
OTC–cleared	—		—				—			—		—				—
Exchange-traded ^(a)	14,289		(10,932		)		3,357			12,285		(9,891		)		2,394
Total equity contracts	36,720		(32,382		)		4,338			32,975		(30,330		)		2,645
Commodity contracts:
OTC	13,281		(5,717		)		7,564			15,001		(6,772		)		8,229
OTC–cleared	—		—				—			—		—				—
Exchange-traded ^(a)	8,107		(8,065		)		42			9,199		(9,108		)		91
Total commodity contracts	21,388		(13,782		)		7,606			24,200		(15,880		)		8,320
Derivative receivables with appropriate legal opinion	$	1,162,159	$	(1,106,047	)	^(b)	$	56,112		$	947,642	$	(902,201	)	^(b)	$	45,441
Derivative receivables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained	14,097						14,097			14,236						14,236
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets	$	1,176,256					$	70,209		$	961,878					$	59,677
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets ^(c)(d)							$	(15,711	)							$	(13,543	)
Net amounts							$	54,498								$	46,134



	March 31, 2016									December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Gross derivative payables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets				Net derivative payables			Gross derivative payables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets				Net derivative payables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative payables
Interest rate contracts:
OTC	$	470,034	$	(454,971	)		$	15,063		$	393,709	$	(384,576	)		$	9,133
OTC–cleared	345,794		(345,590		)		204			240,398		(240,369		)		29
Exchange-traded ^(a)	142		(125		)		17			—		—				—
Total interest rate contracts	815,970		(800,686		)		15,284			634,107		(624,945		)		9,162
Credit contracts:
OTC	40,214		(39,379		)		835			44,379		(43,019		)		1,360
OTC–cleared	7,540		(7,540		)		—			5,969		(5,969		)		—
Total credit contracts	47,754		(46,919		)		835			50,348		(48,988		)		1,360
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC	208,692		(193,544		)		15,148			185,178		(170,830		)		14,348
OTC–cleared	162		(162		)		—			301		(301		)		—
Exchange-traded ^(a)	96		(10		)		86			—		—				—
Total foreign exchange contracts	208,950		(193,716		)		15,234			185,479		(171,131		)		14,348
Equity contracts:
OTC	24,328		(20,739		)		3,589			23,458		(19,589		)		3,869
OTC–cleared	—		—				—			—		—				—
Exchange-traded ^(a)	12,202		(10,932		)		1,270			10,998		(9,891		)		1,107
Total equity contracts	36,530		(31,671		)		4,859			34,456		(29,480		)		4,976
Commodity contracts:
OTC	15,319		(5,753		)		9,566			16,953		(6,256		)		10,697
OTC–cleared	—		—				—			—		—				—
Exchange-traded ^(a)	8,352		(8,065		)		287			9,374		(9,322		)		52
Total commodity contracts	23,671		(13,818		)		9,853			26,327		(15,578		)		10,749
Derivative payables with appropriate legal opinions	$	1,132,875	$	(1,086,810	)	^(b)	$	46,065		$	930,717	$	(890,122	)	^(b)	$	40,595
Derivative payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained	13,254						13,254			12,195						12,195
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets	$	1,146,129					$	59,319		$	942,912					$	52,790
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets ^(c)(d)(e)							$	(10,501	)							$	(7,957	)
Net amounts							$	48,818								$	44,833


(a)	Exchange-traded derivative balances that relate to futures contracts are settled daily.


(b)	Net derivatives receivable included cash collateral netted of $84.5 billion and $73.7 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively. Net derivatives payable included cash collateral netted of $65.3 billion and $61.6 billion related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.


(c)	Excludes all collateral related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained.

(d)

Represents liquid security collateral as well as cash collateral held at third party custodians related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has been obtained. For some counterparties, the collateral amounts of financial instruments may exceed the derivative receivables and derivative payables balances. Where this is the case, the total amount reported is limited to the net derivative receivables and net derivative payables balances with that counterparty.


(e)	Derivative payables collateral relates only to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments. Amounts exclude collateral transferred related to exchange-traded derivative instruments.

Liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features

For a more detailed discussion of liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features related to the Firm’s derivative contracts, see Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade, and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business, at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .

The following table shows the impact of a single-notch and two-notch downgrade of the long-term issuer ratings of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries , predominantly JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.”), at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative contracts with contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade. Derivatives contracts generally require additional collateral to be posted or terminations to be triggered when the predefined threshold rating is breached. A downgrade by a single rating agency that does not result in a rating lower than a preexisting corresponding rating provided by another major rating agency will generally not result in additional collateral, (except in certain instances in which additional initial margin may be required upon a ratings downgrade), nor in termination payments requirements. The liquidity impact in the table is calculated based upon a downgrade below the lowest current rating of the rating agencies referred to in the derivative contract.



Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
	March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Single-notch downgrade		Two-notch downgrade		Single-notch downgrade		Two-notch downgrade
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade ^(a)	$	734	$	2,898	$	807	$	3,028
Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade ^(b)	339		978		271		1,093


(a)	Includes the additional collateral to be posted for initial margin.


(b)	Amounts represent fair values of derivative payables, and do not reflect collateral posted.

Derivatives executed in contemplation of a sale of the underlying financial asset

In certain instances the Firm enters into transactions in which it transfers financial assets but maintains the economic exposure to the transferred assets by entering into a derivative with the same counterparty in contemplation of the initial transfer. The Firm generally accounts for such transfers as collateralized financing transactions as described in Note 12 , but in limited circumstances they may qualify to be accounted for as a sale and a derivative under U.S. GAAP. The amount of such transfers accounted for as a sale where the associated derivative was outstanding at March 31, 2016 was not material.

Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated statements of income

The following tables provide information related to gains and losses recorded on derivatives based on their hedge accounting designation or purpose.

Fair value hedge gains and losses

The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pretax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.



	Gains/(losses) recorded in income								Income statement impact due to:
Three months ended March 31, 2016 (in millions)	Derivatives			Hedged items			Total income statement impact		Hedge ineffectiveness ^(d)			Excluded components ^(e)
Contract type
Interest rate ^(a)	$	1,378		$	(1,199	)	$	179	$	28		$	151
Foreign exchange ^(b)	(1,298		)	1,382			84		—			84
Commodity ^(c)	142			(138		)	4		(2		)	6
Total	$	222		$	45		$	267	$	26		$	241

	Gains/(losses) recorded in income								Income statement impact due to:
Three months ended March 31, 2015 (in millions)	Derivatives			Hedged items			Total income statement impact		Hedge ineffectiveness ^(d)			Excluded components ^(e)
Contract type
Interest rate ^(a)	$	606		$	(248	)	$	358	$	17		$	341
Foreign exchange ^(b)	6,475			(6,459		)	16		—			16
Commodity ^(c)	322			(308		)	14		(6		)	20
Total	$	7,403		$	(7,015	)	$	388	$	11		$	377


(a)	Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.


(b)	Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items, due to changes in foreign currency rates, were recorded primarily in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.


(c)	Consists of overall fair value hedges of physical commodities inventories that are generally carried at the lower of cost or market (market approximates fair value). Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.


(d)	Hedge ineffectiveness is the amount by which the gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument does not exactly offset the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.


(e)	The assessment of hedge effectiveness excludes certain components of the changes in fair values of the derivatives and hedged items such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts and time values.

Cash flow hedge gains and losses

The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pretax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The Firm includes the gain/(loss) on the hedging derivative and the change in cash flows on the hedged item in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income .



	Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended March 31, 2016 (in millions)	Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income			Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income ^(c)		Total income statement impact			Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI			Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate ^(a)	$	(20	)	$	—	$	(20	)	$	(74	)	$	(54	)
Foreign exchange ^(b)	(35		)	—		(35		)	(93		)	(58		)
Total	$	(55	)	$	—	$	(55	)	$	(167	)	$	(112	)



	Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended March 31, 2015 (in millions)	Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income			Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income ^(c)		Total income statement impact			Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI			Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate ^(a)	$	(149	)	$	—	$	(149	)	$	3		$	152
Foreign exchange ^(b)	(26		)	—		(26		)	(52		)	(26		)
Total	$	(175	)	$	—	$	(175	)	$	(49	)	$	126


(a)	Primarily consists of benchmark interest rate hedges of LIBOR-indexed floating-rate assets and floating-rate liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income, and for the forecasted transactions that the Firm determined during the three months ended March 31, 2015, were probable of not occurring, in other income.


(b)	Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue and compensation expense.


(c)	Hedge ineffectiveness is the amount by which the cumulative gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument exceeds the present value of the cumulative expected change in cash flows on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the three months ended March 31, 2016. In the first quarter of 2015, the Firm reclassified approximately $150 million of net losses from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to other income because the Firm determined that it was probable that the forecasted interest payment cash flows would not occur as a result of the planned reduction in wholesale non-operating deposits.

Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that approximately $130 million (after-tax) of net losses recorded in AOCI at March 31, 2016 , related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. For terminated cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are remaining is approximately 7 years . For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately 2 years . The Firm’s longer-dated forecasted transactions relate to core lending and borrowing activities.

Net investment hedge gains and losses

The following table presents hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pretax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .



	Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
	2016							2015
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)	Excluded components recorded directly in income ^(a)				Effective portion recorded in OCI			Excluded components recorded directly in income ^(a)				Effective portion recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives		$	(85	)	$	(590	)		$	(99	)	$	993

(a)

Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. Amounts related to excluded components are recorded in other income. The Firm measures the ineffectiveness of net investment hedge accounting relationships based on changes in spot foreign currency rates, and, therefore, there was no significant ineffectiveness for net investment hedge accounting relationships during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .

Gains and losses on derivatives used for specified risk management purposes

The following table presents pretax gains/(losses) recorded on a limited number of derivatives, not designated in hedge accounting relationships, that are used to manage risks associated with certain specified assets and liabilities, including certain risks arising from the mortgage pipeline, warehouse loans, MSRs, wholesale lending exposures, foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities, and commodities-related contracts and investments.



	Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income
	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
Contract type
Interest rate ^(a)	$	983		$	683
Credit ^(b)	(61		)	(14		)
Foreign exchange ^(c)	(10		)	(12		)
Commodity ^(d)	—			(36		)
Total	$	912		$	621


(a)	Primarily represents interest rate derivatives used to hedge the interest rate risk inherent in the mortgage pipeline, warehouse loans and MSRs, as well as written commitments to originate warehouse loans. Gains and losses were recorded predominantly in mortgage fees and related income.

(b)

Relates to credit derivatives used to mitigate credit risk associated with lending exposures in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. These derivatives do not include credit derivatives used to mitigate counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables, which is included in gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.


(c)	Primarily relates to hedges of the foreign exchange risk of specified foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.


(d)	Primarily relates to commodity derivatives used to mitigate energy price risk associated with energy-related contracts and investments. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.

Gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives

The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet the needs of customers and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from the Firm’s market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. All derivatives not included in the hedge accounting or specified risk management categories above are included in this category. Gains and losses on these derivatives are primarily recorded in principal transactions revenue. See Note 6 for information on principal transactions revenue.

Credit derivatives

For a more detailed discussion of credit derivatives, see Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.

Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes



	Maximum payout/Notional amount
March 31, 2016 (in millions)	Protection sold			Protection purchased with identical underlyings ^(b)			Net protection (sold)/purchased ^(c)			Other protection purchased ^(d)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps	$	(1,511,148	)		$	1,533,524	$	22,376		$	13,409
Other credit derivatives ^(a)	(31,541		)		27,455		(4,086		)	20,076
Total credit derivatives	(1,542,689		)		1,560,979		18,290			33,485
Credit-related notes	(36		)		—		(36		)	5,676
Total	$	(1,542,725	)		$	1,560,979	$	18,254		$	39,161

	Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2015 (in millions)	Protection sold			Protection purchased with identical underlyings ^(b)			Net protection (sold)/purchased ^(c)			Other protection purchased ^(d)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps	$	(1,386,071	)		$	1,402,201	$	16,130		$	12,011
Other credit derivatives ^(a)	(42,738		)		38,158		(4,580		)	18,792
Total credit derivatives	(1,428,809		)		1,440,359		11,550			30,803
Credit-related notes	(30		)		—		(30		)	4,715
Total	$	(1,428,839	)		$	1,440,359	$	11,520		$	35,518


(a)	Other credit derivatives predominantly consists of credit swap options.


(b)	Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold; the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.


(c)	Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.


(d)	Represents protection purchased by the Firm on referenced instruments (single-name, portfolio or index) where the Firm has not sold any protection on the identical reference instrument.

The following tables summarize the notional amounts by the ratings and maturity profile, and the total fair value, of credit derivatives and credit-related notes as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015, where JPMorgan Chase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives and credit-related notes where JPMorgan Chase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.



Protection sold – credit derivatives and credit-related notes ratings ^(a) /maturity profile
March 31, 2016 (in millions)	<1 year			1–5 years			>5 years			Total notional amount			Fair value of receivables ^(b)		Fair value of payables ^(b)			Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade	$	(307,778	)	$	(736,344	)	$	(110,109	)	$	(1,154,231	)	$	12,619	$	(7,428	)	$	5,191
Noninvestment-grade	(113,014		)	(250,300		)	(25,180		)	(388,494		)	11,723		(15,693		)	(3,970		)
Total	$	(420,792	)	$	(986,644	)	$	(135,289	)	$	(1,542,725	)	$	24,342	$	(23,121	)	$	1,221



December 31, 2015 (in millions)	<1 year			1–5 years			>5 years			Total notional amount			Fair value of receivables ^(b)		Fair value of payables ^(b)			Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade	$	(307,211	)	$	(699,227	)	$	(46,970	)	$	(1,053,408	)	$	13,539	$	(6,836	)	$	6,703
Noninvestment-grade	(109,195		)	(245,151		)	(21,085		)	(375,431		)	10,823		(18,891		)	(8,068		)
Total	$	(416,406	)	$	(944,378	)	$	(68,055	)	$	(1,428,839	)	$	24,362	$	(25,727	)	$	(1,365	)


(a)	The ratings scale is primarily based on external credit ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”).


(b)	Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received by the Firm.

Note 6 – Noninterest revenue

For a discussion of the components of and accounting policies for the Firm’s noninterest revenue, see Note 7 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Underwriting
Equity	$	202	$	399
Debt	550		853
Total underwriting	752		1,252
Advisory	581		542
Total investment banking fees	$	1,333	$	1,794

The following table presents all realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in principal transactions revenue. This table excludes interest income and interest expense on trading assets and liabilities, which are an integral part of the overall performance of the Firm’s client-driven market-making activities. See Note 7 for further information on interest income and interest expense. Trading revenue is presented primarily by instrument type. The Firm’s client-driven market-making businesses generally utilize a variety of instrument types in connection with their market-making and related risk-management activities; accordingly, the trading revenue presented in the table below is not representative of the total revenue of any individual line of business.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Trading revenue by instrument type
Interest rate	$	383	$	886
Credit	375		415
Foreign exchange	707		844
Equity	830		1,048
Commodity ^(a)	226		339
Total trading revenue	2,521		3,532
Private equity gains ^(b)	158		123
Principal transactions	$	2,679	$	3,655


(a)	Commodity derivatives are frequently used to manage the Firm’s risk exposure to its physical commodities inventories. For gains/(losses) related to commodity fair value hedges, see Note 5 .


(b)	Includes revenue on private equity investments held in the Private Equity business within Corporate, as well as those held in other business segments.

The following table presents the components of firmwide asset management, administration and commissions.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Asset management fees
Investment management fees ^(a)	$	2,128	$	2,274
All other asset management fees ^(b)	90		99
Total asset management fees	2,218		2,373

Total administration fees ^(c)	478		507

Commission and other fees
Brokerage commissions	588		594
All other commissions and fees	340		333
Total commissions and fees	928		927
Total asset management, administration and commissions	$	3,624	$	3,807


(a)	Represents fees earned from managing assets on behalf of the Firm’s clients, including investors in Firm-sponsored funds and owners of separately managed investment accounts.


(b)	Represents fees for services that are ancillary to investment management services, such as commissions earned on the sales or distribution of mutual funds to clients.


(c)	Predominantly includes fees for custody, securities lending, funds services and securities clearance.

Other income

Other income on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income included the following:



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Operating lease income	$	615	$	469

Note 7 – Interest income and Interest expense

For a description of JPMorgan Chase ’s accounting policies regarding interest income and interest expense, see Note 8 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

Details of interest income and interest expense were as follows.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
Interest income
Loans	$	8,854		$	7,947
Taxable securities	1,442			1,724
Nontaxable securities ^(a)	443			398
Total securities	1,885			2,122
Trading assets	1,698			1,734
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	554			396
Securities borrowed ^(b)	(92		)	(120		)
Deposits with banks	460			341
Other assets ^(c)	193			145
Total interest income	13,552			12,565
Interest expense
Interest-bearing deposits	320			364
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	260			142
Commercial paper	33			34
Trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities ^(d)	227			156
Long-term debt	1,219			1,094
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	113			98
Total interest expense	2,172			1,888
Net interest income	11,380			10,677
Provision for credit losses	1,824			959
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	$	9,556		$	9,718


(a)	Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.


(b)	Negative interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, is a result of increased client-driven demand for certain securities combined with the impact of low interest rates. This is matched book activity and the negative interest expense on the corresponding securities loaned is recognized in interest expense and reported within short-term and other liabilities.


(c)	Largely margin loans.


(d)	Includes brokerage customer payables.

Note 8 – Pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans

For a discussion of JPMorgan Chase ’s pension and other postretirement employee benefit (“OPEB”) plans, see Note 9 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report.

The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit costs reported in the Consolidated statements of income for the Firm’s U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension, defined contribution and OPEB plans.



	Pension plans
	U.S.						Non-U.S.						OPEB plans
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)	2016			2015			2016			2015			2016			2015
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Benefits earned during the period	$	73		$	85		$	9		$	9		$	—		$	—
Interest cost on benefit obligations	133			125			26			28			8			8
Expected return on plan assets	(222		)	(232		)	(36		)	(38		)	(26		)	(26		)
Amortization:
Net (gain)/loss	59			62			5			9			—			—
Prior service cost/(credit)	(9		)	(9		)	—			—			—			—
Net periodic defined benefit cost	34			31			4			8			(18		)	(18		)
Other defined benefit pension plans ^(a)	3			3			2			5			NA			NA
Total defined benefit plans	37			34			6			13			(18		)	(18		)
Total defined contribution plans	99			89			86			83			NA			NA
Total pension and OPEB cost included in compensation expense	$	136		$	123		$	92		$	96		$	(18	)	$	(18	)


(a)	Includes various defined benefit pension plans which are individually immaterial.

The fair values of plan assets for the U.S. defined benefit pension and OPEB plans and for the material non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans were $15.9 billion and $3.6 billion , as of March 31, 2016 , and $16.0 billion and $3.5 billion respectively, as of December 31, 2015. See Note 19 for further information on unrecognized amounts (i.e., net loss and prior service costs/(credit)) reflected in AOCI for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .

The Firm does not anticipate any contribution to the U.S. defined benefit pension plan in 2016 at this time. For 2016 , the cost associated with funding benefits under the Firm’s U.S. non-qualified defined benefit pension plans is expected to total $33 million . The 2016 contributions to the non-U.S. defined benefit pension and OPEB plans are expected to be $47 million and $2 million , respectively.

100

Note 9 – Employee stock-based incentives

For a discussion of the accounting policies and other information relating to employee stock-based incentives, see Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee stock-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Cost of prior grants of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and performance share units (“PSUs”) that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods	$	284	$	292
Accrual of estimated costs of stock-based awards to be granted in future periods including those to full-career eligible employees	235		273
Total noncash compensation expense related to employee stock-based incentive plans	$	519	$	565

In the first quarter of 2016, in connection with its annual incentive grant for the 2015 performance year, the Firm granted 33 million RSUs and 926 thousand PSUs, all with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $57.24 .

PSU Awards

In January 2016, the Firm’s Board of Directors approved the grant of PSUs to members of the Firm’s Operating Committee under the variable compensation program for performance year 2015. PSUs are subject to the Firm’s achievement of specified performance criteria over a three -year period. The number of awards that vest can range from zero to 150% of the grant amount. The awards vest and are converted into shares of common stock in the quarter after the end of the three-year performance period. In addition, dividends will be notionally reinvested in the Firm’s common stock and will be delivered only in respect of any earned shares.

Once the PSUs have vested, the shares of common stock that are delivered, after applicable tax withholding, must be held for an additional two -year period, for a total combined vesting and holding period of five years from the grant date.

Note 10 – Noninterest expense

For details on Noninterest expense, see Consolidated statements of income on page 71 . Included within other expense is the following:



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-related (“FDIC”) expense	$	269	$	318

The Firm’s legal expense was no t material for the three months ended March 31, 2016, and was $687 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

101

Note 11 – Securities

Securities are classified as trading, AFS or held-to-maturity (“HTM”). Securities classified as trading assets are discussed in Note 3 . Predominantly all of the Firm’s AFS and HTM securities are held by Treasury and Chief Investment Office (“CIO”) within the investment securities portfolio in connection with the Firm’s asset-liability management objectives. At March 31, 2016 , the investment securities

portfolio consisted of debt securities with an average credit rating of AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal ratings which correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s). For additional information regarding the investment securities portfolio, see Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.



	March 31, 2016								December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
Available-for-sale debt securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agencies ^(a)	$	54,099	$	1,811	$	26	$	55,884	$	53,689	$	1,483	$	106	$	55,066
Residential:
Prime and Alt-A	7,197		59		40		7,216		7,462		40		57		7,445
Subprime	216		7		—		223		210		7		—		217
Non-U.S.	18,228		297		21		18,504		19,629		341		13		19,957
Commercial	22,678		218		247		22,649		22,990		150		243		22,897
Total mortgage-backed securities	102,418		2,392		334		104,476		103,980		2,021		419		105,582
U.S. Treasury and government agencies ^(a)	12,278		10		199		12,089		11,202		—		166		11,036
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	30,871		2,498		19		33,350		31,328		2,245		23		33,550
Certificates of deposit	52		1		—		53		282		1		—		283
Non-U.S. government debt securities	36,850		980		39		37,791		35,864		853		41		36,676
Corporate debt securities	8,091		81		121		8,051		12,464		142		170		12,436
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	31,374		42		272		31,144		31,146		52		191		31,007
Other	8,584		57		116		8,525		9,125		72		100		9,097
Total available-for-sale debt securities	230,518		6,061		1,100		235,479		235,391		5,386		1,110		239,667
Available-for-sale equity securities	1,893		19		—		1,912		2,067		20		—		2,087
Total available-for-sale securities	$	232,411	$	6,080	$	1,100	$	237,391	$	237,458	$	5,406	$	1,110	$	241,754
Total Held-to-maturity debt securities ^(b)	$	47,932	$	2,236	$	—	$	50,168	$	49,073	$	1,560	$	46	$	50,587


(a)	Included total U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations with fair values of $38.5 billion and $42.3 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively, which were predominantly mortgage-related.

(b)

As of March 31, 2016 , consists of MBS issued by U. S. government-sponsored enterprises with an amortized cost of $29.8 billion , MBS issued by U.S. government agencies with an amortized cost of $5.3 billion , obligations of U.S. states and municipalities with an amortized cost of $12.8 billion and CMBS with an amortized cost of $121 million . As of December 31, 2015, consists of MBS issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises with an amortized cost of $30.8 billion , MBS issued by U.S. government agencies with an amortized cost of $5.5 billion and obligations of U.S. states and municipalities with an amortized cost of $12.8 billion .

102

Securities impairment

The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses for investment securities by aging category at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .



	Securities with gross unrealized losses
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more
March 31, 2016 (in millions)	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Total fair value		Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale debt securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agencies	$	1,706	$	8	$	873	$	18	$	2,579	$	26
Residential:
Prime and Alt-A	3,049		27		399		13		3,448		40
Subprime	—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S.	2,263		17		380		4		2,643		21
Commercial	11,299		226		1,429		21		12,728		247
Total mortgage-backed securities	18,317		278		3,081		56		21,398		334
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	11,435		199		—		—		11,435		199
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	700		16		261		3		961		19
Certificates of deposit	—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S. government debt securities	2,490		37		262		2		2,752		39
Corporate debt securities	2,179		86		587		35		2,766		121
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	17,175		110		10,725		162		27,900		272
Other	4,126		76		971		40		5,097		116
Total available-for-sale debt securities	56,422		802		15,887		298		72,309		1,100
Available-for-sale equity securities	—		—		—		—		—		—
Held-to-maturity securities	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total securities with gross unrealized losses	$	56,422	$	802	$	15,887	$	298	$	72,309	$	1,100



	Securities with gross unrealized losses
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more
December 31, 2015 (in millions)	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Total fair value		Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale debt securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agencies	$	13,002	$	95	$	697	$	11	$	13,699	$	106
Residential:
Prime and Alt-A	5,147		51		238		6		5,385		57
Subprime	—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S.	2,021		12		167		1		2,188		13
Commercial	13,779		239		658		4		14,437		243
Total mortgage-backed securities	33,949		397		1,760		22		35,709		419
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	10,998		166		—		—		10,998		166
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	1,676		18		205		5		1,881		23
Certificates of deposit	—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S. government debt securities	3,267		26		367		15		3,634		41
Corporate debt securities	3,198		125		848		45		4,046		170
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	15,340		67		10,692		124		26,032		191
Other	4,284		60		1,005		40		5,289		100
Total available-for-sale debt securities	72,712		859		14,877		251		87,589		1,110
Available-for-sale equity securities	—		—		—		—		—		—
Held-to-maturity securities	3,763		46		—		—		3,763		46
Total securities with gross unrealized losses	$	76,475	$	905	$	14,877	$	251	$	91,352	$	1,156

103

Gross unrealized losses

The Firm has recognized the unrealized losses on securities it intends to sell as an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). The Firm does not intend to sell any of the remaining securities with an unrealized loss in AOCI as of March 31, 2016, and it is not likely that the Firm will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. Except for the securities for which credit losses have been recognized in income, the Firm believes that the securities with an unrealized loss in AOCI as of March 31, 2016, are not other-than-temporarily impaired. For additional information on other-than-temporary impairment, see Note 12 of the JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Securities gains and losses

The following table presents realized gains and losses and OTTI losses from AFS securities that were recognized in income.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
Realized gains	$	109		$	92
Realized losses	(47		)	(39		)
OTTI losses	(11		)	(1		)
Net securities gains	$	51		$	52

OTTI losses
Credit-related losses recognized in income	$	(1	)	$	(1	)
Securities the Firm intends to sell	(10		)	—
Total OTTI losses recognized in income	$	(11	)	$	(1	)

Changes in the credit loss component of credit-impaired debt securities

The cumulative credit loss component, including any changes therein, of OTTI losses that have been recognized in income related to AFS debt securities was not material as of and during the three month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.

104

Contractual maturities and yields

The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at March 31, 2016 , of JPMorgan Chase ’s investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity.



By remaining maturity March 31, 2016 (in millions)	Due in one year or less			Due after one year through five years			Due after five years through 10 years			Due after 10 years ^(c)			Total
Available-for-sale debt securities
Mortgage-backed securities ^(a)
Amortized cost	$	3,700		$	7,996		$	7,879		$	82,843		$	102,418
Fair value	3,718			8,121			8,121			84,516			104,476
Average yield ^(b)	1.54		%	1.89		%	3.02		%	3.12		%	2.96		%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost	$	—		$	—		$	11,027		$	1,251		$	12,278
Fair value	—			—			10,897			1,192			12,089
Average yield ^(b)	—		%	—		%	0.57		%	0.55		%	0.57		%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost	$	174		$	778		$	1,428		$	28,491		$	30,871
Fair value	174			800			1,516			30,860			33,350
Average yield ^(b)	5.26		%	3.98		%	5.39		%	6.59		%	6.46		%
Certificates of deposit
Amortized cost	$	52		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	52
Fair value	53			—			—			—			53
Average yield ^(b)	3.28		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	3.28		%
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Amortized cost	$	5,617		$	12,438		$	15,792		$	3,003		$	36,850
Fair value	5,628			12,721			16,369			3,073			37,791
Average yield ^(b)	3.09		%	1.73		%	0.97		%	0.71		%	1.53		%
Corporate debt securities
Amortized cost	$	2,138		$	4,067		$	1,741		$	145		$	8,091
Fair value	2,154			4,072			1,686			139			8,051
Average yield ^(b)	2.77		%	2.44		%	3.27		%	3.31		%	2.72		%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost	$	31		$	873		$	19,870		$	19,184		$	39,958
Fair value	31			882			19,733			19,023			39,669
Average yield ^(b)	0.55		%	1.74		%	2.06		%	2.10		%	2.07		%
Total available-for-sale debt securities
Amortized cost	$	11,712		$	26,152		$	57,737		$	134,917		$	230,518
Fair value	11,758			26,596			58,322			138,803			235,479
Average yield ^(b)	2.57		%	1.96		%	1.73		%	3.63		%	2.91		%
Available-for-sale equity securities
Amortized cost	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,893		$	1,893
Fair value	—			—			—			1,912			1,912
Average yield ^(b)	—		%	—		%	—		%	0.35		%	0.35		%
Total available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	$	11,712		$	26,152		$	57,737		$	136,810		$	232,411
Fair value	11,758			26,596			58,322			140,715			237,391
Average yield ^(b)	2.57		%	1.96		%	1.73		%	3.58		%	2.89		%
Total held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost	$	—		$	—		$	1,039		$	46,893		$	47,932
Fair value	—			—			1,102			49,066			50,168
Average yield ^(b)	—			—		%	5.00		%	3.99		%	4.01%


(a)	U.S. government-sponsored enterprises were the only issuers whose securities exceeded 10% of JPMorgan Chase ’s total stockholders’ equity at March 31, 2016 .

(b)

Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and the effect of related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. The effective yield excludes unscheduled principal prepayments; and accordingly, actual maturities of securities may differ from their contractual or expected maturities as certain securities may be prepaid.

(c)

Includes securities with no stated maturity. Substantially all of the Firm’s residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are due in 10 years or more, based on contractual maturity. The estimated weighted-average life, which reflects anticipated future prepayments, is approximately 5 years for agency residential mortgage-backed securities, 2 years for agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations and 3 years for nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations.

105

Note 12 – Securities financing activities

For a discussion of accounting policies relating to securities financing activities, see Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. For further information regarding securities borrowed and securities lending agreements for which the fair value option has been elected, see Note 4. For further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements, see Note 22.

The table below summarizes the gross and net amounts of the Firm’s securities financing agreements, as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. When the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement with a counterparty and where other relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP are met, the Firm nets, on the Consolidated balance sheets, the balances outstanding under its securities financing agreements with the same counterparty. In addition, the Firm exchanges securities and/or cash collateral with its counterparties; this collateral also reduces, in the Firm’s view, the economic exposure with the counterparty. Such collateral, along with securities financing balances that do not meet relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP, is presented as “Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets,” and reduces the “Net amounts” presented below, if the Firm has an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement with the counterparty. Where a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, the securities financing balances are presented gross in the “Net amounts” below, and related collateral does not reduce the amounts presented.



	March 31, 2016
(in millions)	Gross amounts		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets			Amounts presented in the Consolidated balance sheets ^(b)		Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets ^(c)			Net amounts ^(d)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements	$	415,729	$	(192,612	)	$	223,117	$	(215,528	)	$	7,589
Securities borrowed	102,937		—			102,937		(70,697		)	32,240
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	339,174	$	(192,612	)	$	146,562	$	(130,629	)	$	15,933
Securities loaned and other ^(a)	18,186		—			18,186		(17,990		)	196



	December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Gross amounts		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets			Amounts presented in the Consolidated balance sheets ^(b)		Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets ^(c)			Net amounts ^(d)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements	$	368,148	$	(156,258	)	$	211,890	$	(206,774	)	$	5,116
Securities borrowed	98,721		—			98,721		(65,081		)	33,640
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	290,044	$	(156,258	)	$	133,786	$	(118,832	)	$	14,954
Securities loaned and other ^(a)	22,556		—			22,556		(22,245		)	311


(a)	Includes securities-for-securities lending transactions of $4.6 billion and $4.4 billion at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender. These amounts are presented within other liabilities in the Consolidated balance sheets.

(b)

Includes securities financing agreements accounted for at fair value. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, included securities purchased under resale agreements of $24.1 billion and $23.1 billion , respectively, securities borrowed of zero and $395 million , respectively, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $3.4 billion and $3.5 billion , respectively. There were no securities loaned accounted for at fair value in either period.


(c)	In some cases, collateral exchanged with a counterparty exceeds the net asset or liability balance with that counterparty. In such cases, the amounts reported in this column are limited to the related asset or liability with that counterparty.

(d)

Includes securities financing agreements that provide collateral rights, but where an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement has not been either sought or obtained. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, included $4.7 billion and $2.3 billion , respectively, of securities purchased under resale agreements; $29.8 billion and $31.3 billion , respectively, of securities borrowed; $14.0 billion and $12.6 billion , respectively, of securities sold under agreements to repurchase; and $46 million and $45 million , respectively, of securities loaned and other.

106

The tables below present as of March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015 the types of financial assets pledged in securities financing agreements and the remaining contractual maturity of the securities financing agreements.



	Gross liability balance
	March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Securities sold under repurchase agreements		Securities loaned and other ^(a)		Securities sold under repurchase agreements		Securities loaned and other ^(a)
Mortgage-backed securities	$	19,259	$	—	$	12,790	$	—
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	172,850		23		154,377		5
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	1,849		—		1,316		—
Non-U.S. government debt	104,834		3,108		80,162		4,426
Corporate debt securities	22,082		110		21,286		78
Asset-backed securities	5,000		—		4,394		—
Equity securities	13,300		14,945		15,719		18,047
Total	$	339,174	$	18,186	$	290,044	$	22,556



	Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
	Overnight and continuous						Greater than 90 days
March 31, 2016 (in millions)	Overnight and continuous		Up to 30 days		30 – 90 days		Greater than 90 days		Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	146,383	$	106,044	$	39,026	$	47,721	$	339,174
Total securities loaned and other ^(a)	9,946		437		1,348		6,455		18,186



	Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
	Overnight and continuous						Greater than 90 days
December 31, 2015 (in millions)	Overnight and continuous		Up to 30 days		30 – 90 days		Greater than 90 days		Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	114,595	$	100,082	$	29,955	$	45,412	$	290,044
Total securities loaned and other ^(a)	8,320		708		793		12,735		22,556


(a)	Includes securities-for-securities lending transactions of $4.6 billion and $4.4 billion at March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender. These amounts are presented within other liabilities in the Consolidated balance sheets.

Transfers not qualifying for sale accounting

At March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm held $5.8 billion and $7.5 billion , respectively, of financial assets for which the rights have been transferred to third parties; however, the transfers did not qualify as a sale in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These transfers have been recognized as collateralized financing transactions. The transferred assets are recorded in trading assets and loans, and the corresponding liabilities are recorded predominantly in other borrowed funds on the Consolidated balance sheets.

107

Note 13 – Loans

Loan accounting framework

The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan, and on whether the loan was credit-impaired at the date of acquisition. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:


•	Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”), other than purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans


•	Loans held-for-sale


•	Loans at fair value


•	PCI loans held-for-investment

For a detailed discussion of loans, including accounting policies, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report . See Note 4 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the Firm’s elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. See Note 3 of this Form 10-Q for further information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.

Loan portfolio

The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment, the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class:



Consumer, excluding credit card ^(a)	Credit card	Wholesale ^(f)
Residential real estate – excluding PCI • Home equity ^(b) • Residential mortgage ^(c) Other consumer loans • Auto ^(d) • Business banking ^(d)(e) • Student and other Residential real estate – PCI • Home equity • Prime mortgage • Subprime mortgage • Option ARMs	• Credit card loans	• Commercial and industrial • Real estate • Financial institutions • Government agencies • Other ^(g)


(a)	Includes loans held in CCB, prime mortgage and home equity loans held in AM and prime mortgage loans held in Corporate.


(b)	Includes senior and junior lien home equity loans.


(c)	Includes Prime (including option adjustable rate mortgages (“ARMs”)) and subprime loans.


(d)	Includes certain business banking and auto dealer risk-rated loans that apply the wholesale methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses; these loans are managed by CCB, and therefore, for consistency in presentation, are included with the other consumer loan classes.


(e)	Predominantly includes Business Banking loans as well as deposit overdrafts.


(f)	Includes loans held in CIB, CB, AM and Corporate. Excludes prime mortgage and home equity loans held in AM and prime mortgage loans held in Corporate. Classes are internally defined and may not align with regulatory definitions.


(g)	Includes loans to: individuals; special-purpose entities (“SPEs”); holding companies; and private education and civic organizations. For more information on exposures to SPEs, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.



March 31, 2016	Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card ^(a)		Wholesale		Total
(in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card ^(a)		Wholesale		Total
Retained	$	353,871	$	126,012	$	364,312	$	844,195	^(b)
Held-for-sale	321		78		796		1,195
At fair value	—		—		1,923		1,923
Total	$	354,192	$	126,090	$	367,031	$	847,313

December 31, 2015	Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card ^(a)		Wholesale		Total
(in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card ^(a)		Wholesale		Total
Retained	$	344,355	$	131,387	$	357,050	$	832,792	^(b)
Held-for-sale	466		76		1,104		1,646
At fair value	—		—		2,861		2,861
Total	$	344,821	$	131,463	$	361,015	$	837,299


(a)	Includes billed finance charges and fees net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts.


(b)	Loans (other than PCI loans and those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unearned income, unamortized discounts and premiums, and net deferred loan costs. These amounts were not material as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .

108

The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. These tables exclude loans recorded at fair value. The Firm manages its exposure to credit risk on an ongoing basis. Selling loans is one way that the Firm reduces its credit exposures.



	2016									2015
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card		Wholesale		Total		Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card			Wholesale		Total
Purchases	$	1,265	^(a)(b)	$	—	$	288	$	1,553	$	1,608	^(a)(b)	$	—		$	208	$	1,816
Sales	760			—		1,664		2,424		1,736			—		^(c)	2,449		4,185
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale	65			—		489		554		18			—			320		338

(a)

Purchases predominantly represent the Firm’s voluntary repurchase of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Ginnie Mae guidelines. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), Rural Housing Services (“RHS”) and/or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”).


(b)	Excludes purchases of retained loans sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards. Such purchases were $8.7 billion and $11.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.


(c)	Prior period amounts have been revised to conform with current period presentation.

The following table provides information about gains and losses, including lower of cost or fair value adjustments, on loan sales by portfolio segment.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans (including lower of cost or fair value adjustments) ^(a)
Consumer, excluding credit card	$	53		$	91
Credit card	—			16
Wholesale	(2		)	(6		)
Total net gains on sales of loans (including lower of cost or fair value adjustments)	$	51		$	101


(a)	Excludes sales related to loans accounted for at fair value.

Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio

Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto loans, business banking loans, and student and other loans, with a focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. The portfolio also includes home equity loans secured by junior liens, prime mortgage loans with an interest-only payment period, and certain payment-option loans that may result in negative amortization.

The table below provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.



(in millions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Residential real estate – excluding PCI
Home equity	$	43,932	$	45,559
Residential mortgage	176,106		166,239
Other consumer loans
Auto	62,937		60,255
Business banking	21,370		21,208
Student and other	9,783		10,096
Residential real estate – PCI
Home equity	14,522		14,989
Prime mortgage	8,594		8,893
Subprime mortgage	3,174		3,263
Option ARMs	13,453		13,853
Total retained loans	$	353,871	$	344,355

For further information on consumer credit quality indicators, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

109

Residential real estate – excluding PCI loans

The following table provides information by class for residential real estate – excluding retained PCI loans in the consumer, excluding credit card, portfolio segment.



Residential real estate – excluding PCI loans
(in millions, except ratios)	Home equity ^(g)						Residential mortgage ^(g)						Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Loan delinquency ^(a)
Current	$	42,765		$	44,299		$	167,044		$	156,463		$	209,809		$	200,762
30–149 days past due	626			708			3,596			4,042			4,222			4,750
150 or more days past due	541			552			5,466			5,734			6,007			6,286
Total retained loans	$	43,932		$	45,559		$	176,106		$	166,239		$	220,038		$	211,798
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans ^(b)	2.66		%	2.77		%	0.93		%	1.03		%	1.27		%	1.40		%
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed ^(c)	$	—		$	—		$	5,555		$	6,056		$	5,555		$	6,056
Nonaccrual loans	2,153			2,191			2,423			2,503			4,576			4,694
Current estimated LTV ratios ^(d)(e)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	$	129		$	165		$	55		$	58		$	184		$	223
Less than 660	30			32			63			77			93			109
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	1,051			1,344			215			274			1,266			1,618
Less than 660	347			434			253			291			600			725
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	4,096			4,537			2,873			3,159			6,969			7,696
Less than 660	1,260			1,409			895			996			2,155			2,405
Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	29,228			29,648			152,452			142,241			181,680			171,889
Less than 660	4,917			4,934			6,861			6,797			11,778			11,731
No FICO/LTV available	2,874			3,056			1,885			1,658			4,759			4,714
U.S. government-guaranteed	—			—			10,554			10,688			10,554			10,688
Total retained loans	$	43,932		$	45,559		$	176,106		$	166,239		$	220,038		$	211,798
Geographic region
California	$	8,618		$	8,945		$	51,353		$	47,263		$	59,971		$	56,208
New York	8,810			9,147			22,435			21,462			31,245			30,609
Illinois	3,292			3,420			12,181			11,524			15,473			14,944
Texas	2,437			2,532			9,711			9,128			12,148			11,660
Florida	2,418			2,409			7,532			7,177			9,950			9,586
New Jersey	2,514			2,590			5,872			5,567			8,386			8,157
Washington	1,398			1,451			4,483			4,176			5,881			5,627
Arizona	2,053			2,143			3,338			3,155			5,391			5,298
Michigan	1,296			1,350			2,016			1,945			3,312			3,295
Ohio	1,587			1,652			1,302			1,247			2,889			2,899
All other ^(f)	9,509			9,920			55,883			53,595			65,392			63,515
Total retained loans	$	43,932		$	45,559		$	176,106		$	166,239		$	220,038		$	211,798


(a)	Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies as follows: current included $3.1 billion and $2.6 billion ; 30 – 149 days past due included $2.8 billion and $3.2 billion ; and 150 or more days past due included $4.7 billion and $4.9 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.


(b)	At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , Residential mortgage loans excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $7.5 billion and $8.1 billion , respectively. These amounts have been excluded from nonaccrual loans based upon the government guarantee.

(c)

These balances, which are 90 days or more past due, were excluded from nonaccrual loans as the loans are guaranteed by U.S government agencies. Typically the principal balance of the loans is insured and interest is guaranteed at a specified reimbursement rate subject to meeting agreed-upon servicing guidelines. At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , these balances included $3.2 billion and $3.4 billion , respectively, of loans that are no longer accruing interest based on the agreed-upon servicing guidelines. For the remaining balance, interest is being accrued at the guaranteed reimbursement rate. There were no loans not guaranteed by U.S. government agencies that are 90 or more days past due and still accruing at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .

(d)

Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. These property values do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should be viewed as estimates. Current estimated combined loan-to-value (“LTV”) for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.


(e)	Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.


(f)	At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , included mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $10.6 billion and $10.7 billion , respectively.


(g)	Includes residential real estate loans to private banking clients in AM, for which the primary credit quality indicators are the borrower’s financial position and LTV.

110

The following table represents the Firm’s delinquency statistics for junior lien home equity loans and lines as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .



	Total loans				Total 30+ day delinquency rate
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015
HELOCs: ^(a)
Within the revolving period ^(b)	$	15,136	$	17,050	1.38	%	1.57	%
Beyond the revolving period	11,986		11,252		2.85		3.10
HELOANs	2,266		2,409		2.87		3.03
Total	$	29,388	$	30,711	2.10	%	2.25	%


(a)	These HELOCs are predominantly revolving loans for a 10 -year period, after which time the HELOC converts to a loan with a 20 -year amortization period, but also include HELOCs that allow interest-only payments beyond the revolving period.


(b)	The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty or when the collateral does not support the loan amount.

Home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”) beyond the revolving period and home equity loans (“HELOANs”) have higher delinquency rates than do HELOCs within the revolving period. That is primarily because the fully-amortizing payment that is generally required for those products is higher than the minimum payment options available for HELOCs within the revolving period. The higher delinquency rates associated with amortizing HELOCs and HELOANs are factored into the Firm’s allowance for loan losses.

Impaired loans

The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s residential real estate impaired loans, excluding PCI loans. These loans are considered to be impaired as they have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). All impaired loans are evaluated for an asset-specific allowance as described in Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .



(in millions)	Home equity				Residential mortgage				Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
(in millions)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015
Impaired loans
With an allowance	$	1,303	$	1,293	$	5,129	$	5,243	$	6,432	$	6,536
Without an allowance ^(a)	1,059		1,065		1,401		1,447		2,460		2,512
Total impaired loans ^(b)(c)	$	2,362	$	2,358	$	6,530	$	6,690	$	8,892	$	9,048
Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans	$	167	$	138	$	90	$	108	$	257	$	246
Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans ^(d)	3,957		3,960		8,896		9,082		12,853		13,042
Impaired loans on nonaccrual status ^(e)	1,211		1,220		1,883		1,957		3,094		3,177

(a)

Represents collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans that are charged off to the fair value of the underlying collateral less cost to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual TDRs, regardless of their delinquency status. At March 31, 2016 , Chapter 7 residential real estate loans included approximately 12% of home equity and 16% of residential mortgages that were 30 days or more past due.

(b)

At both March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , $3.8 billion of loans modified subsequent to repurchase from Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) in accordance with the standards of the appropriate government agency (i.e., FHA, VA, RHS) are not included in the table above. When such loans perform subsequent to modification in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines, they are generally sold back into Ginnie Mae loan pools. Modified loans that do not re-perform become subject to foreclosure.


(c)	Predominantly all residential real estate impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, are in the U.S.


(d)	Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discounts or premiums on purchased loans.


(e)	As of both March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , nonaccrual loans included $2.5 billion of TDRs for which the borrowers were less than 90 days past due. For additional information about loans modified in a TDR that are on nonaccrual status refer to the Loan accounting framework in Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

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The following table presents average impaired loans and the related interest income reported by the Firm.



Three months ended March 31,	Average impaired loans				Interest income on impaired loans ^(a)				Interest income on impaired loans on a cash basis ^(a)
(in millions)	2016		2015		2016		2015		2016		2015
Home equity	$	2,360	$	2,393	$	31	$	33	$	21	$	22
Residential mortgage	6,615		8,876		78		96		19		23
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI	$	8,975	$	11,269	$	109	$	129	$	40	$	45


(a)	Generally, interest income on loans modified in TDRs is recognized on a cash basis until such time as the borrower has made a minimum of six payments under the new terms.

Loan modifications

Modifications of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, are generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. There were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, have been modified in TDRs.

The following table presents new TDRs reported by the Firm.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Home equity	$	126	$	72
Residential mortgage	63		82
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI	$	189	$	154

Nature and extent of modifications

The U.S. Treasury’s Making Home Affordable (“MHA”) programs, as well as the Firm’s proprietary modification programs, generally provide various concessions to financially troubled borrowers including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term or payment extensions and deferral of principal and/or interest payments that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement.

The following table provides information about how residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, were modified under the Firm’s loss mitigation programs during the periods presented. This table excludes Chapter 7 loans where the sole concession granted is the discharge of debt .



Three months ended March 31,									Total residential real estate - excluding PCI
	Home equity				Residential mortgage				Total residential real estate - excluding PCI
	2016		2015		2016		2015		2016		2015
Number of loans approved for a trial modification	1,049		510		580		667		1,629		1,177
Number of loans permanently modified	1,692		770		732		850		2,424		1,620
Concession granted: ^(a)
Interest rate reduction	66	%	76	%	74	%	68	%	68	%	72	%
Term or payment extension	90		84		89		82		90		83
Principal and/or interest deferred	16		29		23		30		18		30
Principal forgiveness	9		5		25		30		14		18
Other ^(b)	1		—		18		10		6		5


(a)	Represents concessions granted in permanent modifications as a percentage of the number of loans permanently modified. The sum of the percentages exceeds 100% because predominantly all of the modifications include more than one type of concession. A significant portion of trial modifications include interest rate reductions and/or term or payment extensions.


(b)	Represents variable interest rate to fixed interest rate modifications.

112

Financial effects of modifications and redefaults

The following table provides information about the financial effects of the various concessions granted in modifications of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI, under the Firm’s loss mitigation programs and about redefaults of certain loans modified in TDRs for the periods presented. Because the specific types and amounts of concessions offered to borrowers frequently change between the trial modification and the permanent modification, the following table presents only the financial effects of permanent modifications. This table also excludes Chapter 7 loans where the sole concession granted is the discharge of debt.



Three months ended March 31, (in millions, except weighted-average data and number of loans	Home equity				Residential mortgage				Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
	2016		2015		2016		2015		2016		2015
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR	5.03%		5.42%		5.51%		5.78%		5.28%		5.68%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR	2.42		2.42		2.83		2.74		2.64		2.64
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR	18		18		25		25		21		23
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR	38		33		38		37		38		36
Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification	$	1	$	1	$	1	$	2	$	2	$	3
Principal deferred	8		6		10		18		18		24
Principal forgiven	3		1		12		19		15		20
Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of permanent modification ^(a)	$	10	$	5	$	26	$	35	$	36	$	40

(a)

Represents loans permanently modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the periods presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The dollar amounts presented represent the balance of such loans at the end of the reporting period in which such loans defaulted. For residential real estate loans modified in TDRs, payment default is deemed to occur when the loan becomes two contractual payments past due. In the event that a modified loan redefaults, it is probable that the loan will ultimately be liquidated through foreclosure or another similar type of liquidation transaction. Redefaults of loans modified within the last 12 months may not be representative of ultimate redefault levels.

At March 31, 2016 , the weighted-average estimated remaining lives of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, permanently modified in TDRs were 9 years for home equity and 10 years for residential mortgages. The estimated remaining lives of these loans reflect estimated prepayments, both voluntary and involuntary (i.e., foreclosures and other forced liquidations).

Active and suspended foreclosure

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm had non-PCI residential real estate loans, excluding those insured by U.S. government agencies, with a carrying value of $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion , respectively, that were not included in real estate owned (“REO”), but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.

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Other consumer loans

The table below provides information for other consumer retained loan classes, including auto, business banking and student loans.



(in millions, except ratios)	Auto						Business banking						Student and other								Total other consumer
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016				Dec 31, 2015				Mar 31, 2016				Dec 31, 2015
Loan delinquency ^(a)
Current	$	62,343		$	59,442		$	21,047		$	20,887		$	9,186			$	9,405			$	92,576			$	89,734
30–119 days past due	585			804			202			215			366				445				1,153				1,464
120 or more days past due	9			9			121			106			231				246				361				361
Total retained loans	$	62,937		$	60,255		$	21,370		$	21,208		$	9,783			$	10,096			$	94,090			$	91,559
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	0.94		%	1.35		%	1.51		%	1.51		%	1.29		%	^(d)	1.63		%	^(d)	1.11		%	^(d)	1.42		%	^(d)
90 or more days past due and still accruing ^(b)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	269			$	290			$	269			$	290
Nonaccrual loans	102			116			290			263			196				242				588				621
Geographic region
California	$	7,578		$	7,186		$	3,644		$	3,530		$	1,023			$	1,051			$	12,245			$	11,767
New York	3,949			3,874			3,357			3,359			1,205				1,224				8,511				8,457
Illinois	3,914			3,678			1,511			1,459			651				679				6,076				5,816
Texas	6,768			6,457			2,569			2,622			814				839				10,151				9,918
Florida	3,066			2,843			951			941			501				516				4,518				4,300
New Jersey	2,032			1,998			492			500			347				366				2,871				2,864
Washington	1,162			1,135			269			264			206				212				1,637				1,611
Arizona	2,100			2,033			1,217			1,205			232				236				3,549				3,474
Michigan	1,528			1,550			1,359			1,361			396				415				3,283				3,326
Ohio	2,316			2,340			1,357			1,363			541				559				4,214				4,262
All other	28,524			27,161			4,644			4,604			3,867				3,999				37,035				35,764
Total retained loans	$	62,937		$	60,255		$	21,370		$	21,208		$	9,783			$	10,096			$	94,090			$	91,559
Loans by risk ratings ^(c)
Noncriticized	$	11,906		$	11,277		$	15,637		$	15,505		NA				NA				$	27,543			$	26,782
Criticized performing	218			76			799			815			NA				NA				1,017				891
Criticized nonaccrual	—			—			238			210			NA				NA				238				210

(a)

Student loan delinquency classifications included loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) as follows: current included $3.8 billion and $3.8 billion ; 30 - 119 days past due included $256 million and $299 million ; and 120 or more days past due included $215 million and $227 million at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.


(b)	These amounts represent student loans, which are insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP. These amounts were accruing as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.


(c)	For risk-rated business banking and auto loans, the primary credit quality indicator is the risk rating of the loan, including whether the loans are considered to be criticized and/or nonaccrual.


(d)	March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , excluded loans 30 days or more past due and still accruing, which are insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP, of $471 million and $526 million , respectively. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.

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Other consumer impaired loans and loan

modifications

The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s other consumer impaired loans, including risk-rated business banking and auto loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status, and loans that have been modified in TDRs.



(in millions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Impaired loans
With an allowance	$	545	$	527
Without an allowance ^(a)	31		31
Total impaired loans ^(b)(c)	$	576	$	558
Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans	$	114	$	118
Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans ^(d)	685		668
Impaired loans on nonaccrual status	445		449


(a)	When discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the impaired loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.


(b)	Predominantly all other consumer impaired loans are in the U.S.


(c)	Other consumer average impaired loans were $571 million and $587 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The related interest income on impaired loans, including those on a cash basis, was not material for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .


(d)	Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; interest payments received and applied to the principal balance; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discounts or premiums on purchased loans.

Loan modifications

Certain other consumer loan modifications are considered to be TDRs as they provide various concessions to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. All of these TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the table above. See Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report for further information on other consumer loans modified in TDRs.

The following table provides information about the Firm’s other consumer loans modified in TDRs. New TDRs were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.



(in millions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Loans modified in TDRs ^(a)(b)	$	369	$	384
TDRs on nonaccrual status	238		275


(a)	The impact of these modifications was not material to the Firm for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .


(b)	Additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose loans have been modified in TDRs as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , were immaterial.

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Purchased credit-impaired loans

For a detailed discussion of PCI loans, including the related accounting policies, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

Residential real estate – PCI loans

The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s consumer, excluding credit card, PCI loans.



(in millions, except ratios)	Home equity						Prime mortgage						Subprime mortgage						Option ARMs						Total PCI
	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Carrying value ^(a)	$	14,522		$	14,989		$	8,594		$	8,893		$	3,174		$	3,263		$	13,453		$	13,853		$	39,743		$	40,998
Related allowance for loan losses ^(b)	1,708			1,708			938			985			—			—			49			49			2,695			2,742
Loan delinquency (based on unpaid principal balance)
Current	$	13,997		$	14,387		$	7,658		$	7,894		$	3,208		$	3,232		$	12,118		$	12,370		$	36,981		$	37,883
30–149 days past due	285			322			407			424			385			439			635			711			1,712			1,896
150 or more days past due	571			633			556			601			334			380			1,150			1,272			2,611			2,886
Total loans	$	14,853		$	15,342		$	8,621		$	8,919		$	3,927		$	4,051		$	13,903		$	14,353		$	41,304		$	42,665
% of 30+ days past due to total loans	5.76		%	6.22		%	11.17		%	11.49		%	18.31		%	20.22		%	12.84		%	13.82		%	10.47		%	11.21		%
Current estimated LTV ratios (based on unpaid principal balance) ^(c)(d)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	$	116		$	153		$	9		$	10		$	7		$	10		$	16		$	19		$	148		$	192
Less than 660	67			80			21			28			41			55			28			36			157			199
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	776			942			89			120			58			77			125			166			1,048			1,305
Less than 660	367			444			121			152			183			220			192			239			863			1,055
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	2,421			2,709			667			816			285			331			817			977			4,190			4,833
Less than 660	1,039			1,136			523			614			572			643			902			1,050			3,036			3,443
Lower than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	6,891			6,724			4,264			4,243			907			863			7,081			7,073			19,143			18,903
Less than 660	2,322			2,265			2,453			2,438			1,676			1,642			4,058			4,065			10,509			10,410
No FICO/LTV available	854			889			474			498			198			210			684			728			2,210			2,325
Total unpaid principal balance	$	14,853		$	15,342		$	8,621		$	8,919		$	3,927		$	4,051		$	13,903		$	14,353		$	41,304		$	42,665
Geographic region (based on unpaid principal balance)
California	$	8,917		$	9,205		$	5,008		$	5,172		$	979		$	1,005		$	7,870		$	8,108		$	22,774		$	23,490
New York	767			788			559			580			386			400			785			813			2,497			2,581
Illinois	349			358			250			263			190			196			317			333			1,106			1,150
Texas	213			224			89			94			235			243			72			75			609			636
Florida	1,433			1,479			562			586			362			373			1,144			1,183			3,501			3,621
New Jersey	304			310			231			238			133			139			449			470			1,117			1,157
Washington	785			819			188			194			77			81			329			339			1,379			1,433
Arizona	273			281			139			143			74			76			199			203			685			703
Michigan	42			44			135			141			109			113			145			150			431			448
Ohio	16			17			43			45			61			62			55			61			175			185
All other	1,754			1,817			1,417			1,463			1,321			1,363			2,538			2,618			7,030			7,261
Total unpaid principal balance	$	14,853		$	15,342		$	8,621		$	8,919		$	3,927		$	4,051		$	13,903		$	14,353		$	41,304		$	42,665


(a)	Carrying value includes the effect of fair value adjustments that were applied to the consumer PCI portfolio at the date of acquisition.


(b)	Management concluded as part of the Firm’s regular assessment of the PCI loan pools that it was probable that higher expected credit losses would result in a decrease in expected cash flows. As a result, an allowance for loan losses for impairment of these pools has been recognized.

(c)

Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. These property values do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should be viewed as estimates. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.


(d)	Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.

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Approximately 23% of the PCI home equity portfolio are senior lien loans; the remaining balance are junior lien HELOANs or HELOCs. The following tables set forth delinquency statistics for PCI junior lien home equity loans and lines of credit based on the unpaid principal balance as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .



	Total loans				Total 30+ day delinquency rate
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015
HELOCs: ^(a)
Within the revolving period ^(b)	$	4,277	$	5,000	3.62	%	4.10	%
Beyond the revolving period ^(c)	6,598		6,252		4.02		4.46
HELOANs	554		582		4.87		5.33
Total	$	11,429	$	11,834	3.91	%	4.35	%


(a)	In general, these HELOCs are revolving loans for a 10 -year period, after which time the HELOC converts to an interest-only loan with a balloon payment at the end of the loan’s term.


(b)	Substantially all undrawn HELOCs within the revolving period have been closed.


(c)	Includes loans modified into fixed rate amortizing loans.

The table below sets forth the accretable yield activity for the Firm’s PCI consumer loans for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , and represents the Firm’s estimate of gross interest income expected to be earned over the remaining life of the PCI loan portfolios. The table excludes the cost to fund the PCI portfolios, and therefore the accretable yield does not represent net interest income expected to be earned on these portfolios.



	Total PCI
(in millions, except ratios)	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)	2016			2015
Beginning balance	$	13,491		$	14,592
Accretion into interest income	(407		)	(436		)
Changes in interest rates on variable-rate loans	76			6
Other changes in expected cash flows ^(a)	(486		)	(128		)
Balance at March 31	$	12,674		$	14,034
Accretable yield percentage	4.35		%	4.14		%


(a)	Other changes in expected cash flows may vary from period to period as the Firm continues to refine its cash flow model and periodically updates model assumptions. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , other changes in expected cash flows were driven by changes in prepayment assumptions.

The factors that most significantly affect estimates of gross cash flows expected to be collected, and accordingly the accretable yield balance, include: (i) changes in the benchmark interest rate indices for variable-rate products such as option adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) and home equity loans; and (ii) changes in prepayment assumptions.

Active and suspended foreclosure

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm had PCI residential real estate loans with an unpaid principal balance of $2.1 billion and $2.3 billion , respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.

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Credit card loan portfolio

The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s credit card loans.



(in millions, except ratios)	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	124,187		$	129,502
30–89 days past due and still accruing	885			941
90 or more days past due and still accruing	940			944
Total retained credit card loans	$	126,012		$	131,387
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	1.45		%	1.43		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	0.75			0.72
Credit card loans by geographic region
California	$	18,105		$	18,802
Texas	11,517			11,847
New York	10,871			11,360
Florida	7,564			7,806
Illinois	7,319			7,655
New Jersey	5,603			5,879
Ohio	4,445			4,700
Pennsylvania	4,296			4,533
Michigan	3,365			3,562
Colorado	3,272			3,399
All other	49,655			51,844
Total retained credit card loans	$	126,012		$	131,387
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores ^(a)
Equal to or greater than 660	84.6		%	84.4		%
Less than 660	14.0			13.1
No FICO available	1.4			2.5


(a)	The current period percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores disclosures have been updated to reflect where the FICO score is unavailable. The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.

Credit card impaired loans and loan modifications

For a detailed discussion of impaired credit card loans, including credit card loan modifications, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s impaired credit card loans. All of these loans are considered to be impaired as they have been modified in TDRs.



(in millions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Impaired credit card loans with an allowance ^(a)(b)
Credit card loans with modified payment terms ^(c)	$	1,217	$	1,286
Modified credit card loans that have reverted to pre-modification payment terms ^(d)	164		179
Total impaired credit card loans ^(e)	$	1,381	$	1,465
Allowance for loan losses related to impaired credit card loans	$	427	$	460


(a)	The carrying value and the unpaid principal balance are the same for credit card impaired loans.


(b)	There were no impaired loans without an allowance.


(c)	Represents credit card loans outstanding to borrowers enrolled in a credit card modification program as of the date presented.


(d)	Represents credit card loans that were modified in TDRs but that have subsequently reverted back to the loans’ pre-modification payment terms.

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , $104 million and $113 million , respectively, of loans have reverted back to the pre-modification payment terms of the loans due to noncompliance with the terms of the modified loans. The remaining $60 million and $66 million at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively, of these loans are to borrowers who have successfully completed a short-term modification program. The Firm continues to report these loans as TDRs since the borrowers’ credit lines remain closed.


(e)	Predominantly all impaired credit card loans are in the U.S.

The following table presents average balances of impaired credit card loans and interest income recognized on those loans.

Loan modifications

The Firm may modify loans to credit card borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. Most of these loans have been modified under programs that involve placing the customer on a fixed payment plan with a reduced interest rate, generally for 60 months. All of these credit card loan modifications are considered to be TDRs. New enrollments in these loan modification programs were $159 million and $178 million , for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively . For additional information about credit card loan modifications, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

Financial effects of modifications and redefaults

The following table provides information about the financial effects of the concessions granted on credit card loans modified in TDRs and redefaults for the periods presented.



(in millions, except weighted-average data)	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – before TDR	15.48		%	15.16		%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – after TDR	4.76			4.29
Loans that redefaulted within one year of modification ^(a)	$	19		$	22


(a)	Represents loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the periods presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The amounts presented represent the balance of such loans as of the end of the quarter in which they defaulted.

For credit card loans modified in TDRs, payment default is deemed to have occurred when the loans become two payments past due. A substantial portion of these loans is expected to be charged-off in accordance with the Firm’s standard charge-off policy. Based on historical experience, the estimated weighted-average default rate for credit card loans modified was expected to be 25.79% and 25.61% as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

118

Wholesale loan portfolio

Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of customers, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to high-net-worth individuals. The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the risk rating

assigned each loan. For further information on these risk ratings, see Note 14 and Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

The table below provides information by class of receivable for the retained loans in the Wholesale portfolio segment.



	Commercial and industrial						Real estate						Financial institutions						Government agencies						Other ^(d)						Total retained loans
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	63,651		$	62,150		$	77,064		$	74,330		$	21,558		$	21,786		$	11,457		$	11,363		$	95,963		$	98,107		$	269,693		$	267,736
Noninvestment-grade:
Noncriticized	47,501			45,632			17,652			17,008			6,943			7,667			449			256			11,861			11,390			84,406			81,953
Criticized performing	6,432			4,542			1,132			1,251			316			320			6			7			124			253			8,010			6,373
Criticized nonaccrual	1,722			608			253			231			11			10			—			—			217			139			2,203			988
Total noninvestment- grade	55,655			50,782			19,037			18,490			7,270			7,997			455			263			12,202			11,782			94,619			89,314
Total retained loans	$	119,306		$	112,932		$	96,101		$	92,820		$	28,828		$	29,783		$	11,912		$	11,626		$	108,165		$	109,889		$	364,312		$	357,050
% of total criticized exposure to total retained loans	6.83		%	4.56		%	1.44		%	1.60		%	1.13		%	1.11		%	0.05		%	0.06		%	0.32		%	0.36		%	2.80		%	2.06		%
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	1.44			0.54			0.26			0.25			0.04			0.03			—			—			0.20			0.13			0.60			0.28

Loans by geographic distribution ^(a)
Total non-U.S.	$	32,037		$	30,063		$	3,231		$	3,003		$	16,405		$	17,166		$	1,929		$	1,788		$	42,272		$	42,031		$	95,874		$	94,051
Total U.S.	87,269			82,869			92,870			89,817			12,423			12,617			9,983			9,838			65,893			67,858			268,438			262,999
Total retained loans	$	119,306		$	112,932		$	96,101		$	92,820		$	28,828		$	29,783		$	11,912		$	11,626		$	108,165		$	109,889		$	364,312		$	357,050

Loan delinquency ^(b)
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	117,203		$	112,058		$	95,680		$	92,381		$	28,761		$	29,713		$	11,909		$	11,565		$	106,852		$	108,734		$	360,405		$	354,451
30–89 days past due and still accruing	360			259			161			193			32			49			1			55			936			988			1,490			1,544
90 or more days past due and still accruing ^(c)	21			7			7			15			24			11			2			6			160			28			214			67
Criticized nonaccrual	1,722			608			253			231			11			10			—			—			217			139			2,203			988
Total retained loans	$	119,306		$	112,932		$	96,101		$	92,820		$	28,828		$	29,783		$	11,912		$	11,626		$	108,165		$	109,889		$	364,312		$	357,050


(a)	The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.


(b)	The credit quality of wholesale loans is assessed primarily through ongoing review and monitoring of an obligor’s ability to meet contractual obligations rather than relying on the past due status, which is generally a lagging indicator of credit quality. For further discussion, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .


(c)	Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.


(d)	Other includes: individuals; SPEs; holding companies; and private education and civic organizations. For more information on exposures to SPEs, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

119

The following table presents additional information on the real estate class of loans within the Wholesale portfolio segment for the periods indicated. For further information on real estate loans, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .



(in millions, except ratios)	Multifamily						Commercial lessors						Commercial construction and development						Other						Total real estate loans
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Real estate retained loans	$	61,376		$	60,290		$	21,672		$	20,062		$	5,079		$	4,920		$	7,974		$	7,548		$	96,101		$	92,820
Criticized exposure	553			520			730			844			34			43			68			75			1,385			1,482
% of total criticized exposure to total real estate retained loans	0.90		%	0.86		%	3.37		%	4.21		%	0.67		%	0.87		%	0.85		%	0.99		%	1.44		%	1.60		%
Criticized nonaccrual	$	80		$	85		$	112		$	100		$	—		$	1		$	61		$	45		$	253		$	231
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total real estate retained loans	0.13		%	0.14		%	0.52		%	0.50		%	—		%	0.02		%	0.76		%	0.60		%	0.26		%	0.25		%

Wholesale impaired loans and loan modifications

Wholesale impaired loans consist of loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and/or that have been modified in a TDR. All impaired loans are evaluated for an asset-specific allowance as described in Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s wholesale impaired loans.



(in millions)	Commercial and industrial				Real estate				Financial institutions				Government agencies				Other				Total retained loans
(in millions)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Impaired loans
With an allowance	$	1,555	$	522	$	177	$	148	$	11	$	10	$	—	$	—	$	125	$	46	$	1,868		$	726
Without an allowance ^(a)	179		98		88		106		—		—		—		—		95		94		362			298
Total impaired loans	$	1,734	$	620	$	265	$	254	$	11	$	10	$	—	$	—	$	220	$	140	$	2,230	^(c)	$	1,024	^(c)
Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans	$	491	$	220	$	20	$	27	$	3	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	51	$	24	$	565		$	274
Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans ^(b)	1,863		669		412		363		12		13		—		—		235		164		2,522			1,209


(a)	When the discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the impaired loans have been partially charged-off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.


(b)	Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; interest payments received and applied to the carrying value; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discount or premiums on purchased loans.


(c)	Based upon the domicile of the borrower, largely consists of loans in the U.S.

The following table presents the Firm’s average impaired loans for the periods indicated.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Commercial and industrial	$	1,123	$	251
Real estate	233		268
Financial institutions	11		16
Government agencies	—		—
Other	181		107
Total ^(a)	$	1,548	$	642


(a)	The related interest income on accruing impaired loans and interest income recognized on a cash basis were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .

Certain loan modifications are considered to be TDRs as they provide various concessions to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. All TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the tables above. TDRs were $296 million and $208 million as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

120

Note 14 – Allowance for credit losses

For detailed discussion of the allowance for credit losses and the related accounting policies, see Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

Allowance for credit losses and related information

The table below summarizes information about the allowances for loan losses, and lending-related commitments, and includes a breakdown of loans and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology.



	2016													2015
Three months ended March 31 (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card				Wholesale			Total			Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card				Wholesale			Total
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance at January 1,	$	5,806		$	3,434			$	4,315		$	13,555		7,050			$	3,439			$	3,696		$	14,185
Gross charge-offs	365			923				69			1,357			440			883				29			1,352
Gross recoveries	(145		)	(93		)		(9		)	(247		)	(176		)	(94		)		(30		)	(300		)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)	220			830				60			1,110			264			789				(1		)	1,052
Write-offs of PCI loans ^(a)	47			—				—			47			55			—				—			55
Provision for loan losses	221			830				545			1,596			141			789				58			988
Other	—			—				—			—			—			(5		)		4			(1		)
Ending balance at March 31,	$	5,760		$	3,434			$	4,800		$	13,994		$	6,872		$	3,434			$	3,759		$	14,065

Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific ^(b)	$	371		$	427		^(c)	$	565		$	1,363		$	537		$	458		^(c)	$	115		$	1,110
Formula-based	2,694			3,007				4,235			9,936			3,065			2,976				3,644			9,685
PCI	2,695			—				—			2,695			3,270			—				—			3,270
Total allowance for loan losses	$	5,760		$	3,434			$	4,800		$	13,994		$	6,872		$	3,434			$	3,759		$	14,065

Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	$	9,468		$	1,381			$	2,230		$	13,079		$	11,414		$	1,852			$	743		$	14,009
Formula-based	304,660			124,631				362,078			791,369			248,147			118,983				330,472			697,602
PCI	39,743			—				4			39,747			45,356			—				4			45,360
Total retained loans	$	353,871		$	126,012			$	364,312		$	844,195		$	304,917		$	120,835			$	331,219		$	756,971

Impaired collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	$	21		$	—			$	1		$	22		$	16		$	—			$	1		$	17
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell	2,514			—				384			2,898			2,912			—				269			3,181

Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1,	$	14		$	—			$	772		$	786		$	13		$	—			$	609		$	622
Provision for lending-related commitments	—			—				228			228			1			—				(30		)	(29		)
Ending balance at March 31,	$	14		$	—			$	1,000		$	1,014		$	14		$	—			$	579		$	593

Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	$	—		$	—			$	192		$	192		$	—		$	—			$	55		$	55
Formula-based	14			—				808			822			14			—				524			538
Total allowance for lending-related commitments	$	14		$	—			$	1,000		$	1,014		$	14		$	—			$	579		$	593

Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	$	—		$	—			$	722		$	722		$	—		$	—			$	131		$	131
Formula-based	60,744			532,224				366,744			959,712			60,151			533,511				355,373			949,035
Total lending-related commitments	$	60,744		$	532,224			$	367,466		$	960,434		$	60,151		$	533,511			$	355,504		$	949,166


(a)	Write-offs of PCI loans are recorded against the allowance for loan losses when actual losses for a pool exceed estimated losses that were recorded as purchase accounting adjustments at the time of acquisition. A write-off of a PCI loan is recognized when the underlying loan is removed from a pool (e.g., upon liquidation).


(b)	Includes risk-rated loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and loans that have been modified in a TDR.


(c)	The asset-specific credit card allowance for loan losses is related to loans that have been modified in a TDR; such allowance is calculated based on the loans’ original contractual interest rates and does not consider any incremental penalty rates.

121

Note 15 – Variable interest entities

For a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation of VIEs, see Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment.



Line-of-Business	Transaction Type	Activity	Form 10-Q page reference
CCB	Credit card securitization trusts	Securitization of both originated and purchased credit card receivables	122
	Mortgage securitization trusts	Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages	122 – 124
CIB	Mortgage and other securitization trusts	Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and student loans	122 – 124
	Multi-seller conduits Investor intermediation activities:	Assist clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structures transactions to meet investor needs	124
	Municipal bond vehicles		124 – 125

The Firm also invests in and provides financing and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties, as described on page 125 of this Note.

Significant Firm-sponsored variable interest entities

Credit card securitizations

For a more detailed discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s involvement with credit card securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

As a result of the Firm’s continuing involvement, the Firm is considered to be the primary beneficiary of its Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trusts. This includes the Firm’s primary card securitization trust, Chase Issuance Trust. See the table on page 126 of this Note for further information on consolidated VIE assets and liabilities.

Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts

The Firm securitizes (or has securitized) originated and purchased residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans (including student loans) primarily in its CCB and CIB businesses. Depending on the particular transaction, as well as the respective business involved, the Firm may act as the servicer of the loans and/or retain certain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts.

For a detailed discussion of the Firm’s involvement with Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts, as well as the accounting treatment relating to such trusts, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

122

The following table presents the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans; holding senior interests or subordinated interests; recourse or guarantee arrangements; and derivative transactions. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. See Securitization activity on page 127 of this Note for further information regarding the Firm’s cash flows with and interests retained in nonconsolidated VIEs, and page 127 of this Note for information on the Firm’s loan sales to U.S. government agencies.



	Principal amount outstanding						JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs ^(c)(d)(e)
March 31, 2016 ^(a) (in millions)	Total assets held by securitization VIEs		Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement		Trading assets		AFS securities		Total interests held by JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs	$	82,221	$	1,322	$	65,673	$	266	$	1,545	$	1,811
Subprime	23,858		118		21,971		80		—		80
Commercial and other ^(b)	118,440		107		91,632		701		3,268		3,969
Total	$	224,519	$	1,547	$	179,276	$	1,047	$	4,813	$	5,860



	Principal amount outstanding						JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs ^(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2015 ^(a) (in millions)	Total assets held by securitization VIEs		Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement		Trading assets		AFS securities		Total interests held by JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs	$	85,687	$	1,400	$	66,708	$	393	$	1,619	$	2,013
Subprime	24,389		64		22,549		109		—		109
Commercial and other ^(b)	123,474		107		80,319		447		3,451		3,898
Total	$	233,550	$	1,571	$	169,576	$	949	$	5,070	$	6,020


(a)	Excludes U.S. government agency securitizations. See page 127 of this Note for information on the Firm’s loan sales to U.S. government agencies.


(b)	Consists of securities backed by commercial loans (predominantly real estate) and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables purchased from third parties. The Firm generally does not retain a residual interest in its sponsored commercial mortgage securitization transactions.

(c)

The table above excludes the following: retained servicing (see Note 16 for a discussion of MSRs); securities retained from loan sales to U.S. government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities (See Note 5 for further information on derivatives); senior and subordinated securities of $312 million and $52 million , respectively, at March 31, 2016 , and $163 million and $73 million , respectively, at December 31, 2015 , which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.


(d)	Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.

(e)

As of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , 71% and 76% , respectively, of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are carried at fair value, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $1.7 billion and $1.9 billion of investment-grade and $85 million and $93 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively. The retained interests in commercial and other securitizations trusts consisted of $3.7 billion and $3.7 billion of investment-grade and $296 million and $198 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

123

Residential mortgage

For a more detailed description of the Firm’s involvement with residential mortgage securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm did not consolidate the assets of certain Firm -sponsored residential mortgage securitization VIEs, in which the Firm had continuing involvement, primarily due to the fact that the Firm did not hold an interest in these trusts that could potentially be significant to the trusts. See the table on page 126 of this Note for more information on the consolidated residential mortgage securitizations, and the table on the previous page of this Note for further information on interests held in nonconsolidated residential mortgage securitizations.

Commercial mortgages and other consumer securitizations

CIB originates and securitizes commercial mortgage loans, and engages in underwriting and trading activities involving the securities issued by securitization trusts. For a more detailed description of the Firm’s involvement with commercial mortgage and other consumer securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report . See the table on page 126 of this Note for more information on the consolidated commercial mortgage securitizations, and the table on the previous page of this Note for further information on interests held in nonconsolidated securitizations.

Re-securitizations

For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s

participation in certain re-securitization transactions, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Firm transferred $2.9 billion and $3.9 billion respectively of securities to agency VIEs, and zero and $472 million , respectively, of securities to private-label VIEs.

As of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , total assets (including the notional amount of interest-only securities) of nonconsolidated Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitization entities in which the Firm has continuing involvement were $2.0 billion and $2.2 billion , respectively. At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm held approximately $4.2 billion and $4.6 billion , respectively, of interests in nonconsolidated agency re-securitization entities. The Firm’s exposure to non-consolidated private-label re-securitization entities as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 was not material. As of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm did not consolidate any agency re-securitizations. As of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm consolidated an insignificant amount of assets and liabilities of Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitizations.

Multi-seller conduits

For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s principal involvement with Firm -administered multi-seller conduits, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

In the normal course of business, JPMorgan Chase makes markets in and invests in commercial paper issued by the Firm -administered multi-seller conduits. The Firm held $18.6 billion and $15.7 billion of the commercial paper issued by the Firm -administered multi-seller conduits at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively. The Firm’s investments reflect the Firm’s funding needs and capacity and were not driven by market illiquidity. The Firm is not obligated under any agreement to purchase the commercial paper issued by the Firm -administered multi-seller conduits.

Deal-specific liquidity facilities, program-wide liquidity and credit enhancement provided by the Firm have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm or the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits provide lending-related commitments to certain clients of the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The unfunded portion of these commitments was $8.6 billion and $5.6 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , and are reported as off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. For more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments, see Note 21 .

VIEs associated with investor intermediation activities

Municipal bond vehicles

For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s principal involvement with municipal bond vehicles, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

124

The Firm’s exposure to nonconsolidated municipal bond VIEs at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , including the ratings profile of the VIEs’ assets, was as follows.



(in millions) ^(a)	Fair value of assets held by VIEs		Liquidity facilities		Excess/(deficit) ^(b)		Maximum exposure
Nonconsolidated municipal bond vehicles
March 31, 2016	$	5,917	$	3,260	$	2,657	$	3,260
December 31, 2015	6,937		3,794		3,143		3,794



	Ratings profile of VIE assets ^(c)					Fair value of assets held by VIEs	Wt. avg. expected life of assets (years)
	Investment-grade				Noninvestment- grade
(in millions, except where otherwise noted) ^(a)	AAA to AAA-	AA+ to AA-	A+ to A-	BBB+ to BBB-	BB+ and below
March 31, 2016	1,547	3,881	368	24	97	5,917	3.9
December 31, 2015	1,743	4,631	448	24	91	6,937	4.0


(a)	Represents the excess of the fair values of municipal bond assets available to repay the liquidity facilities, if drawn.


(b)	The ratings scale is presented on an S&P-equivalent basis.

VIEs sponsored by third parties

The Firm enters into transactions with VIEs structured by other parties. These include, for example, acting as a derivative counterparty, liquidity provider, investor, underwriter, placement agent, remarketing agent, trustee or custodian. These transactions are conducted at arm’s-length, and individual credit decisions are based on the analysis of the specific VIE, taking into consideration the quality of the underlying assets. Where the Firm does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, or a variable interest that could potentially be significant, the Firm records and reports these positions on its Consolidated balance sheets similarly to the way it would record and report positions in respect of any other third-party transaction.

125

Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities

The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .



	Assets								Liabilities
March 31, 2016 (in millions) ^(a)	Trading assets		Loans		Other ^(c)		Total assets ^(d)		Beneficial interests in VIE assets ^(e)		Other ^(f)		Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts	$	—	$	40,388	$	687	$	41,075	$	27,486	$	15	$	27,501
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits	—		23,842		39		23,881		5,250		36		5,286
Municipal bond vehicles	3,443		—		7		3,450		3,327		1		3,328
Mortgage securitization entities ^(b)	784		586		25		1,395		720		616		1,336
Student loan securitization entities	—		1,864		63		1,927		1,702		5		1,707
Other	607		—		2,702		3,309		188		116		304
Total	$	4,834	$	66,680	$	3,523	$	75,037	$	38,673	$	789	$	39,462

	Assets								Liabilities
December 31, 2015 (in millions) ^(a)	Trading assets		Loans		Other ^(c)		Total assets ^(d)		Beneficial interests in VIE assets ^(e)		Other ^(f)		Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts	$	—	$	47,358	$	718	$	48,076	$	27,906	$	15	$	27,921
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits	—		24,388		37		24,425		8,724		19		8,743
Municipal bond vehicles	2,686		—		5		2,691		2,597		1		2,598
Mortgage securitization entities ^(b)	840		1,433		27		2,300		777		643		1,420
Student loan securitization entities	—		1,925		62		1,987		1,760		5		1,765
Other	210		—		1,916		2,126		115		126		241
Total	$	3,736	$	75,104	$	2,765	$	81,605	$	41,879	$	809	$	42,688


(a)	Excludes intercompany transactions which were eliminated in consolidation.


(b)	Includes residential and commercial mortgage securitizations as well as re-securitizations.


(c)	Includes assets classified as cash, AFS securities, and other assets within the Consolidated balance sheets.


(d)	The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The difference between total assets and total liabilities recognized for consolidated VIEs represents the Firm’s interest in the consolidated VIEs for each program type.

(e)

The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified in the line item on the Consolidated balance sheets titled, “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities.” The holders of these beneficial interests do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase . Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $30.1 billion and $30.6 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively. The maturities of the long-term beneficial interests as of March 31, 2016 , were as follows: $8.7 billion under one year, $18.2 billion between one and five years, and $3.2 billion over five years, all respectively.


(f)	Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities in the Consolidated balance sheets.

Loan securitizations

The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgage, credit card, student and commercial (primarily related to real estate) loans. For a further description of the Firm’s accounting policies regarding securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

126

Securitization activity

The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , related to assets held in JPMorgan Chase -sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved based on the accounting rules in effect at the time of the securitization.



	Three months ended March 31,
	2016				2015
(in millions) ^(a)	Residential mortgage ^(d)		Commercial and other ^(e)		Residential mortgage ^(d)		Commercial and other ^(e)
Principal securitized	$	—	$	1,324	$	1,312	$	3,375
All cash flows during the period:
Proceeds from new securitizations ^(b)	$	—	$	1,311	$	1,317	$	3,369
Servicing fees collected	112		1		146		1
Purchases of previously transferred financial assets (or the underlying collateral) ^(c)	37		—		—		—
Cash flows received on interests	94		273		70		79


(a)	Excludes re-securitization transactions.

(b)

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 , there were no residential mortgage securitizations. For the three months ended March 31, 2015 , $1.3 billion of proceeds from residential mortgage securitizations were received as securities classified in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 , $1.3 billion , of proceeds from commercial mortgage securitizations were received as securities classified in level 2. For the three months ended March 31, 2015 , $3.4 billion of proceeds from commercial mortgage securitizations were received as securities classified in level 2. All loans transferred into securitization vehicles during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , were classified as trading assets; changes in fair value were recorded in principal transactions revenue, and there were no significant gains or losses associated with the securitization activity.


(c)	Includes cash paid by the Firm to reacquire assets from off–balance sheet, nonconsolidated entities – for example, loan repurchases due to representation and warranties and servicer clean-up calls.


(d)	Includes prime, Alt-A, subprime, and option ARMs. Excludes certain loan securitization transactions entered into with Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.


(e)	Includes commercial and student loan securitizations.

Loans and excess MSRs sold to U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (“U.S. GSEs”), loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines, and other third-party-sponsored securitization entities

In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans and certain originated excess MSRs on a nonrecourse basis, predominantly to U.S. GSEs. These loans and excess MSRs are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the U.S. GSEs, who provide certain guarantee provisions (e.g., credit enhancement of the loans). The Firm also sells loans into securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by another U.S. government agency. The Firm does not consolidate the securitization vehicles underlying these transactions as it is not the primary beneficiary. For a limited number of loan sales, the Firm is obligated to share a portion of the credit risk associated with the sold loans with the purchaser. See Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report for additional information about the Firm’s loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications. See Note 16 for additional information about the impact of the Firm ’s sale of certain excess MSRs. The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines, and other third-party-sponsored securitization entities.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Carrying value of loans sold ^(a)	$	9,012	$	12,139
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash	4		51
Proceeds from loans sales as securities ^(b)	8,955		12,029
Total proceeds received from loan sales ^(c)	$	8,959	$	12,080
Gains on loan sales ^(d)	$	50	$	91


(a)	Predominantly i ncludes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt.


(b)	Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans. Gains on loan sales include the value of MSRs.


(c)	The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

127

Options to repurchase delinquent loans

In addition to the Firm’s obligation to repurchase certain loans due to material breaches of representations and warranties as discussed in Note 21 , the Firm also has the option to repurchase delinquent loans that it services for Ginnie Mae loan pools, as well as for other U.S. government agencies under certain arrangements. The Firm typically elects to repurchase delinquent loans from Ginnie Mae loan pools as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with the applicable requirements, and such loans continue to be insured or guaranteed. When the Firm’s repurchase option becomes exercisable, such loans must be reported on the Consolidated balance sheets as a loan with a corresponding

liability. As of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm had recorded on its Consolidated balance sheets $10.8 billion and $11.1 billion , respectively, of loans that either had been repurchased or for which the Firm had an option to repurchase. Predominantly all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools. Additionally, real estate owned resulting from voluntary repurchases of loans was $360 million and $343 million as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively. Substantially all of these loans and real estate owned are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. For additional information, refer to Note 13 of this Form 10-Q and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

Loan delinquencies and liquidation losses

The table below includes information about components of nonconsolidated securitized financial assets, in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and delinquencies as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .



									Liquidation losses
	Securitized assets				90 days past due				Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		2016		2015
Securitized loans ^(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime / Alt-A & option ARMs	$	65,673	$	66,708	$	7,879	$	8,325	$	340	$	462
Subprime	21,971		22,549		5,156		5,448		322		354
Commercial and other	91,632		80,319		1,389		1,808		393		99
Total loans securitized ^(b)	$	179,276	$	169,576	$	14,424	$	15,581	$	1,055	$	915

(a)

Total assets held in securitization-related SPEs were $224.5 billion and $233.6 billion , respectively, at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . The $179.3 billion and $169.6 billion , respectively, of loans securitized at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , excluded: $43.7 billion and $62.4 billion , respectively, of securitized loans in which the Firm has no continuing involvement, and $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion , respectively, of loan securitizations consolidated on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .


(b)	Includes securitized loans that were previously recorded at fair value and classified as trading assets.

128

Note 16 – Goodwill and other intangible assets

For a discussion of the accounting policies related to goodwill and other intangible assets, see Note 17 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

The following table presents goodwill attributed to the business segments.



(in millions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Consumer & Community Banking	$	30,814	$	30,769
Corporate & Investment Bank	6,775		6,772
Commercial Banking	2,861		2,861
Asset Management	6,860		6,923
Total goodwill	$	47,310	$	47,325

The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
Balance at beginning of period	$	47,325		$	47,647
Changes during the period from:
Business combinations	—			8
Dispositions ^(a)	(71		)	(101		)
Other ^(b)	56			(101		)
Balance at March 31,	$	47,310		$	47,453


(a)	During the three months ended March 31, 2016 , represents Asset Management goodwill, which was disposed of as part of Asset Management sales completed in March 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2015 , represents Private Equity goodwill, which was disposed of as part of a Private Equity sale completed in January 2015.


(b)	Includes foreign currency translation adjustments and other tax-related adjustments.

Goodwill Impairment testing

For further description of the Firm’s goodwill impairment testing process, including the primary method used to estimate the fair value of the reporting units, and the assumptions used in the goodwill impairment test, see Impairment testing on pages 274–275 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

Goodwill was not impaired at March 31, 2016 , or December 31, 2015 , nor was goodwill written off due to impairment during the three months ended March 31, 2016 or 2015.

129

Mortgage servicing rights

MSRs represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future servicing fees and ancillary revenue, offset by estimated costs to service the loans, and generally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual servicing and ancillary fee income. MSRs are either purchased from third parties or recognized upon sale or securitization of mortgage loans if servicing is retained. For a further description of the MSR asset, interest rate risk management, and the valuation of MSRs, see Note 17 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report and Note 3 of this Form 10-Q .

The following table summarizes MSR activity for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .



	As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)	2016			2015
Fair value at beginning of period	$	6,608		$	7,436
MSR activity:
Originations of MSRs	107			155
Purchase of MSRs	—			1
Disposition of MSRs ^(a)	(64		)	(157		)
Net additions	43			(1		)

Changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows	(241		)	(215		)

Changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions:
Changes due to market interest rates and other ^(b)	(762		)	(477		)
Changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions:
Projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service)	7			(10		)
Discount rates	7			(10		)
Prepayment model changes and other ^(c)	(4		)	(82		)
Total changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions	10			(102		)
Total changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions	(752		)	(579		)
Fair value at March 31,	$	5,658		$	6,641

Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at March 31,	$	(752	)	$	(579	)
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income	$	561		$	667
Third-party mortgage loans serviced at March 31, (in billions)	$	658		$	728
Net servicer advances at March 31, (in billions) ^(d)	$	6.1		$	7.9

(a)

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 , predominantly represents excess MSRs transferred to agency-sponsored trusts in exchange for stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). In each transaction, a portion of the SMBS was acquired by third parties at the transaction date; the Firm acquired and has retained the remaining balance of those SMBS as trading securities. Also includes sales of MSRs for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .


(b)	Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.


(c)	Represents changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates.

(d)

Represents amounts the Firm pays as the servicer (e.g., scheduled principal and interest, taxes and insurance), which will generally be reimbursed within a short period of time after the advance from future cash flows from the trust or the underlying loans. The Firm’s credit risk associated with these servicer advances is minimal because reimbursement of the advances is typically senior to all cash payments to investors. In addition, the Firm maintains the right to stop payment to investors if the collateral is insufficient to cover the advance. However, certain of these servicer advances may not be recoverable if they were not made in accordance with applicable rules and agreements.

130

The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016			2015
CCB mortgage fees and related income

Net production revenue	$	162		$	237

Net mortgage servicing revenue:
Operating revenue:
Loan servicing revenue	616			749
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to collection/realization of expected cash flows	(240		)	(214		)
Total operating revenue	376			535
Risk management:
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to market interest rates and other ^(a)	(762		)	(476		)
Other changes in MSR asset fair value due to other inputs and assumptions in model ^(b)	10			(102		)
Change in derivative fair value and other	881			510
Total risk management	129			(68		)
Total net mortgage servicing revenue	505			467

Total CCB mortgage fees and related income	667			704

All other	—			1
Mortgage fees and related income	$	667		$	705


(a)	Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.


(b)	Represents the aggregate impact of changes in model inputs and assumptions such as projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service), discount rates and changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates (e.g., changes in prepayments due to changes in home prices).

The table below outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm’s MSRs at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , and outlines the sensitivities of those fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions, as defined below.



(in millions, except rates)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Weighted-average prepayment speed assumption (“CPR”)	12.07		%	9.81		%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change	$	(275	)	$	(275	)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change	(534		)	(529		)
Weighted-average option adjusted spread	9.85		%	9.54		%
Impact on fair value of 100 basis points adverse change	$	(213	)	$	(258	)
Impact on fair value of 200 basis points adverse change	(410		)	(498		)

CPR: Constant prepayment rate.

The sensitivity analysis in the preceding table is hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on variation in assumptions generally cannot be easily extrapolated, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value are often highly interrelated and may not be linear. In this table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which would either magnify or counteract the impact of the initial change.

131

Note 17 – Deposits

For further discussion on deposits, see Note 19 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

At March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows.



(in millions)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing	$	383,282	$	392,721
Interest-bearing:
Demand ^(a)	133,769		84,088
Savings ^(b)	510,544		486,043
Time (included $10,575, and $10,916 at fair value) ^(c)	51,354		92,873
Total interest-bearing deposits	695,667		663,004
Total deposits in U.S. offices	1,078,949		1,055,725
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing	20,913		18,921
Interest-bearing:
Demand	167,025		154,773
Savings	1,329		2,157
Time (included $1,444 and $1,600 at fair value) ^(c)	53,600		48,139
Total interest-bearing deposits	221,954		205,069
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices	242,867		223,990
Total deposits	$	1,321,816	$	1,279,715


(a)	Includes Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (“NOW”) accounts, and certain trust accounts.


(b)	Includes Money Market Deposit Accounts (“MMDAs”).


(c)	Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. For further discussion, see Note 4 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

Note 18 – Earnings per share

For a discussion of the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”), see Note 24 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report . The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 .



(in millions, except per share amounts)	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share amounts)	2016		2015
Basic earnings per share
Net income	$	5,520	$	5,914
Less: Preferred stock dividends	412		324
Net income applicable to common equity	5,108		5,590
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	117		138
Net income applicable to common stockholders	$	4,991	$	5,452

Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding	3,669.9		3,725.3
Net income per share	$	1.36	$	1.46

Diluted earnings per share
Net income applicable to common stockholders	$	4,991	$	5,452
Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding	3,669.9		3,725.3
Add: Employee stock options, SARs, warrants and PSUs ^(a)	27.0		32.2
Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding ^(b)	3,696.9		3,757.5
Net income per share	$	1.35	$	1.45


(a)	Excluded from the computation of diluted EPS (due to the antidilutive effect) were options issued under employee benefit plans. The aggregate number of shares issuable upon the exercise of such options was not material for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 .


(b)	Participating securities were included in the calculation of diluted EPS using the two-class method, as this computation was more dilutive than the calculation using the treasury stock method.

132

Note 19 – Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

AOCI includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, foreign currency translation adjustments (including the impact of related derivatives), cash flow hedging activities, net loss and prior service costs/(credit) related to the Firm’s defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, and DVA on fair value option elected liabilities.

Effective January 1, 2016, the Firm adopted new accounting guidance related to the recognition and measurement of financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected. This guidance requires the portion of the total change in fair value caused by changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (DVA) to be presented separately in other comprehensive income; previously these amounts were recognized in net income. The guidance was required to be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption by means of a cumulative effect adjustment to the Consolidated balance sheets, which resulted in a reclassification from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive income.



As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2016	Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities ^(a)			Translation adjustments, net of hedges				Cash flow hedges				Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans				DVA on fair value option elected liabilities			Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
(in millions)	Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities ^(a)			Translation adjustments, net of hedges				Cash flow hedges				Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans				DVA on fair value option elected liabilities			Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at January 1, 2016		$	2,629		$	(162	)		$	(44	)		$	(2,231	)		NA			$	192
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle		—			—				—				—				154			154
Net change		425			(2		)		(70		)		25				58			436
Balance at March 31, 2016		$	3,054		$	(164	)		$	(114	)		$	(2,206	)		$	212		$	782

As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2015	Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities ^(a)			Translation adjustments, net of hedges				Cash flow hedges				Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans				DVA on fair value option elected liabilities			Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
(in millions)	Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities ^(a)			Translation adjustments, net of hedges				Cash flow hedges				Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans				DVA on fair value option elected liabilities			Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at January 1, 2015		$	4,773		$	(147	)		$	(95	)		$	(2,342	)		NA			$	2,189
Net change		89			(10		)		77				85				NA			241
Balance at March 31, 2015		$	4,862		$	(157	)		$	(18	)		$	(2,257	)		NA			$	2,430


(a)	Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of securities accounted for as AFS including, as of the date of transfer during the first quarter of 2014, $9 million of net unrealized losses related to AFS securities that were transferred to HTM. Subsequent to transfer, includes any net unamortized unrealized gains and losses related to the transferred securities.

133

The following table presents the pretax and after-tax changes in the components of other comprehensive income/(loss).



	2016									2015
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)	Pretax			Tax effect			After-tax			Pretax			Tax effect			After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	$	732		$	(275	)	$	457		$	225		$	(104	)	$	121
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income ^(a)	(51		)	19			(32		)	(52		)	20			(32		)
Net change	681			(256		)	425			173			(84		)	89
Translation adjustments ^(b) :
Translation	589			(220		)	369			(1,000		)	378			(622		)
Hedges	(590		)	219			(371		)	993			(381		)	612
Net change	(1		)	(1		)	(2		)	(7		)	(3		)	(10		)
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	(167		)	63			(104		)	(49		)	18			(31		)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income ^(c)(d)	55			(21		)	34			175			(67		)	108
Net change	(112		)	42			(70		)	126			(49		)	77
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans:
Net gains/(losses) arising during the period	(23		)	9			(14		)	60			(24		)	36
Reclassification adjustments included in net income ^(e) :
Amortization of net loss	64			(24		)	40			71			(27		)	44
Prior service costs/(credits)	(9		)	4			(5		)	(9		)	3			(6		)
Foreign exchange and other	6			(2		)	4			33			(22		)	11
Net change	38			(13		)	25			155			(70		)	85
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change:	92			(34		)	58			NA			NA			NA
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	$	698		$	(262	)	$	436		$	447		$	(206	)	$	241


(a)	The pretax amount is reported in securities gains in the Consolidated statements of income.


(b)	Reclassifications of pretax realized gains/(losses) on translation adjustments and related hedges are reported in other income/expense in the Consolidated statements of income. The amounts were not material for the periods presented.


(c)	The pretax amounts are predominantly recorded in net interest income in the Consolidated statements of income.


(d)	In 2015, the Firm reclassified approximately $150 million of net losses from AOCI to other income because the Firm determined that it is probable that the forecasted interest payment cash flows will not occur. For additional information, see Note 5 .


(e)	The pretax amount is reported in compensation expense in the Consolidated statements of income.

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Note 20 – Regulatory capital

The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards, for the consolidated financial holding company. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) establishes similar capital requirements and standards for the Firm’s national banks, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Chase Bank USA, N.A.

Under the Basel Committee’s most recent capital framework (“Basel III”) for large and internationally active U.S. bank holding companies and banks, including the Firm and its insured depository institution (“IDI”) subsidiaries, revised, among other things, the definition of capital and introduced a new common equity Tier 1 capital (“CET1 capital”) requirement; presents two comprehensive methodologies for calculating risk-weighted assets (“RWA”), a general (Standardized) approach, (“Basel III Standardized”) and an advanced approach, (“Basel III Advanced”); and sets out minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards. Certain of the requirements of Basel III are subject to phase-in periods that began on January 1, 2014 and continue through the end of 2018 (“Basel III Transitional”).

There are three categories of risk-based capital under the Basel III Transitional rules: CET1 capital, as well as Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. CET1 capital predominantly includes common stockholders’ equity (including capital for AOCI related to debt and equity securities classified as AFS as well as for defined benefit pension and OPEB plans), less certain deductions for goodwill, MSRs and deferred tax assets that arise from net operating loss (“NOL”) and tax credit carryforwards. Tier 1 capital predominantly consists of CET1 capital as well as perpetual preferred stock. Tier 2 capital includes long-term debt qualifying as Tier 2 and qualifying allowance for credit losses. Total capital is Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital.

The following tables present the regulatory capital, assets and risk-based capital ratios for JPMorgan Chase and its significant national bank subsidiaries under both Basel III Standardized Transitional and Basel III Advanced Transitional.



	JPMorgan Chase & Co. ^(e)
	Basel III Standardized Transitional						Basel III Advanced Transitional
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Regulatory capital
CET1 capital ^(a)	$	177,531		$	175,398		$	177,531		$	175,398
Tier 1 capital	202,399			200,482			202,399			200,482
Total capital	236,954			234,413			226,190			224,616

Assets
Risk-weighted	1,470,741			1,465,262			1,497,870			1,485,336
Adjusted average ^(b)	2,345,926			2,361,177			2,345,926			2,361,177

Capital ratios ^(c)
CET1	12.1		%	12.0		%	11.9		%	11.8		%
Tier 1 ^(a)	13.8			13.7			13.5			13.5
Total	16.1			16.0			15.1			15.1
Tier 1 leverage ^(d)	8.6			8.5			8.6			8.5



	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. ^(e)
	Basel III Standardized Transitional						Basel III Advanced Transitional
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Regulatory capital
CET1 capital ^(a)	$	170,985		$	168,857		$	170,985		$	168,857
Tier 1 capital	171,229			169,222			171,229			169,222
Total capital	185,947			183,262			178,517			176,423

Assets
Risk-weighted	1,309,694			1,264,056			1,291,998			1,249,607
Adjusted average ^(b)	1,919,207			1,913,448			1,919,207			1,913,448

Capital ratios ^(c)
CET1	13.1		%	13.4		%	13.2		%	13.5		%
Tier 1 ^(a)	13.1			13.4			13.3			13.5
Total	14.2			14.5			13.8			14.1
Tier 1 leverage ^(d)	8.9			8.8			8.9			8.8

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	Chase Bank USA, N.A. ^(e)
	Basel III Standardized Transitional						Basel III Advanced Transitional
(in millions, except ratios)	Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015			Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
Regulatory capital
CET1 capital ^(a)	$	15,943		$	15,419		$	15,943		$	15,419
Tier 1 capital	15,943			15,419			15,943			15,419
Total capital	21,856			21,418			20,593			20,069

Assets
Risk-weighted	99,342			105,807			181,991			181,775
Adjusted average ^(b)	133,100			134,152			133,100			134,152

Capital ratios ^(c)
CET1	16.0		%	14.6		%	8.8		%	8.5		%
Tier 1 ^(a)	16.0			14.6			8.8			8.5
Total	22.0			20.2			11.3			11.0
Tier 1 leverage ^(d)	12.0			11.5			12.0			11.5


(a)	Includes the deduction associated with the permissible holdings of covered funds (as defined by the Volcker Rule) acquired after December 31, 2013 which was not material as of March 31, 2016.


(b)	Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the Tier 1 leverage ratio, includes total quarterly average assets adjusted for unrealized gains/(losses) on securities, less deductions for goodwill and other intangible assets, defined benefit pension plan assets, and deferred tax assets related to net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.


(c)	For each of the risk-based capital ratios, the capital adequacy of the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries are evaluated against the Basel III approach, Standardized or Advanced, resulting in the lower ratio (the “Collins Floor”), as required by the Collins Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act.


(d)	The Tier 1 leverage ratio is not a risk-based measure of capital. This ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted average assets.


(e)	Asset and capital amounts for JPMorgan Chase ’s banking subsidiaries reflect intercompany transactions; whereas the respective amounts for JPMorgan Chase reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions.

Note: Rating agencies allow measures of capital to be adjusted upward for deferred tax liabilities, which have resulted from both nontaxable business combinations and from tax-deductible goodwill. The Firm had deferred tax liabilities resulting from nontaxable business combinations totaling $100 million and $105 million at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively; and deferred tax liabilities resulting from tax-deductible goodwill of $3.1 billion and $3.0 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

Under the risk-based capital guidelines of the Federal Reserve, JPMorgan Chase is required to maintain minimum ratios of CET1 , Tier 1 and Total capital to risk-weighted assets, as well as a minimum leverage ratio (which is defined as Tier 1 capital divided by adjusted quarterly average assets). Failure to meet these minimum requirements could cause the Federal Reserve to take action. National bank subsidiaries also are subject to these capital requirements by their respective primary regulators. The following table presents the minimum ratios to which the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries are subject as of March 31, 2016 .



	Minimum capital ratios				Well-capitalized ratios
	BHC ^(a)		IDI ^(b)		BHC ^(c)		IDI ^(d)
Capital ratios
CET1	6.25	%	5.125	%	—	%	6.5	%
Tier 1	7.75		6.625		6.0		8.0
Total	9.75		8.625		10.0		10.0
Tier 1 leverage	4.0		4.0		—		5.0

Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries are subject.

(a) Represents the transitional minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm under Basel III at March 31, 2016. The CET1 minimum capital ratio includes 0.625% resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s 2.5% capital conservation buffer and 1.125% , resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s estimated 4.5% GSIB surcharge as of December 31, 2014 published by the Federal Reserve on July 20, 2015.

(b) Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase ’s banking subsidiaries. The CET1 minimum capital ratio includes 0.625% resulting from the phase in of the 2.5% capital conservation buffer that is applicable to the banking subsidiaries. The banking subsidiaries are not subject to the GSIB surcharge.


(d)	Represents requirements for bank subsidiaries pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act.

As of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , JPMorgan Chase and all of its banking subsidiaries were well-capitalized and met all capital requirements to which each was subject.

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Note 21 – Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees, and other commitments

JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the counterparty draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the counterparty subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees expire without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its actual future credit exposure or funding requirements. For further discussion of lending-related commitments and guarantees, and the Firm’s related accounting policies, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

To provide for probable credit losses inherent in wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments, an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is maintained. See Note 14 for further information regarding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments. The following table summarizes the contractual amounts and carrying values of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . The amounts in the table below for credit card and home equity lending-related commitments represent the total available credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these products will be utilized at the same time. The Firm can reduce or cancel credit card lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. In addition, the Firm typically closes credit card lines when the borrower is 60 days or more past due. The Firm may reduce or close home equity lines of credit when there are significant decreases in the value of the underlying property, or when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower.

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Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments
	Contractual amount												Carrying value ^(h)
	March 31, 2016										Dec 31, 2015		Mar 31, 2016			Dec 31, 2015
By remaining maturity (in millions)	Expires in 1 year or less		Expires after 1 year through 3 years		Expires after 3 years through 5 years		Expires after 5 years		Total		Total
Lending-related
Consumer, excluding credit card:
Home equity	$	3,852	$	7,304	$	1,226	$	10,072	$	22,454	$	22,756	$	—		$	—
Residential mortgage ^(a)	14,257		—		—		—		14,257		12,992		—			—
Auto	9,635		1,036		149		89		10,909		10,237		2			2
Business banking	11,577		808		131		461		12,977		12,351		12			12
Student and other	10		2		—		135		147		142		—			—
Total consumer, excluding credit card	$	39,331	$	9,150	$	1,506	$	10,757	$	60,744	$	58,478	$	14		$	14
Credit card	$	532,224	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	532,224	$	515,518	$	—		$	—
Total consumer ^(b)	$	571,555	$	9,150	$	1,506	$	10,757	$	592,968	$	573,996	$	14		$	14
Wholesale:
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit ^(c)(d)	$	84,759	$	95,130	$	138,588	$	7,724	$	326,201	$	323,325	$	843		$	649
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees ^(c)(d)	17,151		12,605		5,216		2,968		37,940		39,133		612			548
Other letters of credit ^(c)	3,043		204		75		3		3,325		3,941		2			2
Total wholesale ^(e)	$	104,953	$	107,939	$	143,879	$	10,695	$	367,466	$	366,399	$	1,457		$	1,199
Total lending-related	$	676,508	$	117,089	$	145,385	$	21,452	$	960,434	$	940,395	$	1,471		$	1,213
Other guarantees and commitments
Securities lending indemnification agreements and guarantees ^(f)	$	198,921	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	198,921	$	183,329	$	—		$	—
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees	2,478		251		11,307		39,120		53,156		53,784		198			222
Unsettled reverse repurchase and securities borrowing agreements	62,371		—		—		—		62,371		42,482		—			—
Unsettled repurchase and securities lending agreements	61,720		—		—		—		61,720		21,798		—			—
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications:
Mortgage repurchase liability	NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		148			148
Loans sold with recourse	NA		NA		NA		NA		3,979		4,274		73			82
Other guarantees and commitments ^(g)	443		2,656		1,057		1,518		5,674		5,580		(88		)	(94		)


(a)	Includes certain commitments to purchase loans from correspondents.


(b)	Predominantly all consumer lending-related commitments are in the U.S.

(c)

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , reflects the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $339 million and $385 million , respectively, for other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $11.3 billion and $11.2 billion , respectively, for standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; and $395 million and $341 million , respectively, for other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.

(d)

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , included credit enhancements and bond and commercial paper liquidity commitments to U.S. states and municipalities, hospitals and other non-profit entities of $12.2 billion and $12.3 billion , respectively, within other unfunded commitments to extend credit; and $9.2 billion and $9.6 billion , respectively, within standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees. Other unfunded commitments to extend credit also include liquidity facilities to nonconsolidated municipal bond VIEs; see Note 15 .


(e)	At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the U.S. portion of the contractual amount of total wholesale lending-related commitments was 78% and 77% , respectively.

(f)

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements was $206.3 billion and $190.6 billion , respectively. Securities lending collateral consists of primarily cash and securities issued by governments that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) and U.S. government agencies.

(g)

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , included unfunded commitments of $49 million and $50 million , respectively, to third-party private equity funds; and $830 million and $871 million , at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively, to other equity investments. These commitments included $70 million and $73 million , respectively, related to investments that are generally fair valued at net asset value as discussed in Note 3 . In addition, at both March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , included letters of credit hedged by derivative transactions and managed on a market risk basis of $4.6 billion .


(h)	For lending-related products, the carrying value represents the allowance for lending-related commitments and the guarantee liability; for derivative-related products, the carrying value represents the fair value.

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Other unfunded commitments to extend credit

Other unfunded commitments to extend credit generally consist of commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, extensions of credit to support commercial paper facilities and bond financings in the event that those obligations cannot be remarketed to new investors, as well as committed liquidity facilities to clearing organizations. The Firm also issues commitments under multipurpose facilities which could be drawn upon in several forms, including the issuance of a standby letter of credit.

Also included in other unfunded commitments to extend credit are commitments to noninvestment-grade counterparties in connection with leveraged finance activities, which were $35.5 billion and $32.1 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

The Firm acts as a settlement and custody bank in the U.S. tri-party repurchase transaction market. In its role as

settlement and custody bank, the Firm is exposed to the intra-day credit risk of its cash borrower clients, usually broker-dealers. This exposure arises under secured clearance advance facilities that the Firm extends to its clients (i.e., cash borrowers); these facilities contractually limit the Firm’s intra-day credit risk to the facility amount

and must be repaid by the end of the day. As of both March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the secured clearance advance facility maximum outstanding commitment amount was $2.9 billion .

Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees

Standby letters of credit (“SBLC”) and other financial guarantees are conditional lending commitments issued by the Firm to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party under certain arrangements, such as commercial paper facilities, bond financings, acquisition financings, trade and similar transactions.

The following table summarizes the standby letters of credit and other letters of credit arrangements as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 .

Standby letters of credit, other financial guarantees and other letters of credit



	March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees		Other letters of credit		Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees		Other letters of credit
Investment-grade ^(a)	$	30,383	$	2,640	$	31,751	$	3,290
Noninvestment-grade ^(a)	7,557		685		7,382		651
Total contractual amount	$	37,940	$	3,325	$	39,133	$	3,941

Allowance for lending-related commitments	$	155	$	2	$	121	$	2
Guarantee liability	457		—		427		—
Total carrying value	$	612	$	2	$	548	$	2

Commitments with collateral	$	18,874	$	975	$	18,825	$	996


(a)	The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal ratings which generally correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s.

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Derivatives qualifying as guarantees

In addition to the contracts described above, the Firm transacts certain derivative contracts that have the characteristics of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP. For further information on these derivatives, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report . The total notional value of the derivatives that the Firm deems to be guarantees was $53.2 billion and $53.8 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively. The notional amount generally represents the Firm’s maximum exposure to derivatives qualifying as guarantees. However, exposure to certain stable value contracts is contractually limited to a substantially lower percentage of the notional amount; the notional amount on these stable value contracts was $28.5 billion and $28.4 billion at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively, and the maximum exposure to loss was $3.0 billion at both March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . The fair values of the contracts reflect the probability of whether the Firm will be required to perform under the contract. The fair value related to derivatives that the Firm deems to be guarantees were derivative payables of $212 million and $236 million at March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , respectively, and derivative receivables of $14 million at both March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . The Firm reduces exposures to these contracts by entering into offsetting transactions, or by entering into contracts that hedge the market risk related to the derivative guarantees.

In addition to derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee, the Firm is both a purchaser and seller of credit protection in the credit derivatives market. For a further discussion of credit derivatives, see Note 5 .

Loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications

In connection with the Firm’s mortgage loan sale and securitization activities with GSEs and in certain private label transactions, the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements that may require the Firm to repurchase mortgage loans and/or indemnify the loan purchaser. Further, although the Firm’s securitizations are predominantly nonrecourse, the Firm does provide recourse servicing in certain limited cases where it agrees to share credit risk with the owner of the mortgage loans. For additional information, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

The liability related to repurchase demands associated with private label securitizations is separately evaluated by the Firm in establishing its litigation reserves. For additional information regarding litigation, see Note 23 of this Form 10-Q and Note 31 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Other off-balance sheet arrangements

Guarantees of subsidiary

JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC (“JPMFC”), a direct, 100% -owned finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (the “Parent Company”), was formed on September 30, 2015, for the purpose of issuing debt and other securities in offerings to investors. Any securities issued by JPMFC will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company, and these guarantees will rank on a parity with the Firm’s unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. As of March 31, 2016, no securities had been issued by JPMFC.

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Note 22 – Pledged assets and collateral

For a discussion of the Firm’s pledged assets and collateral, see Note 30 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

Pledged assets

The Firm may pledge financial assets that it owns to maintain potential borrowing capacity with central banks and for other purposes, including to secure borrowings and public deposits, and to collateralize repurchase and other securities financing agreements, and to cover customer short sales. Certain of these pledged assets may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties and are identified as financial instruments owned (pledged to various parties) on the Consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm had pledged assets of $396.6 billion and $385.6 billion , respectively, at Federal Reserve Banks and Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”). In addition, as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm had pledged $54.8 billion and $50.7 billion , respectively, of financial assets that may not be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties. Total assets pledged do not include assets of consolidated VIEs; these assets are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. See Note 15 for additional information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs. For additional information on the Firm’s securities financing activities, see Note 12. For additional information on the Firm’s long-term debt, see Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report .

Collateral

At March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Firm had accepted financial assets as collateral that it could sell or repledge, deliver or otherwise use with a fair value of $808.2 billion and $748.5 billion , respectively. This collateral was generally obtained under resale agreements, securities borrowing agreements, customer margin loans and derivative agreements. Of the collateral received, $643.2 billion and $580.9 billion , respectively, were sold, repledged, delivered or otherwise used. Collateral was generally used under repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements or to cover customer short sales and to collateralize deposits and derivative agreements.

Note 23 – Litigation

Contingencies

As of March 31, 2016 , the Firm and its subsidiaries and affiliates are defendants or putative defendants in numerous legal proceedings, including private, civil litigations and regulatory/government investigations. The litigations range from individual actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially millions of class members. Investigations involve both formal and informal proceedings, by both governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. These legal proceedings are at varying stages of adjudication, arbitration or investigation, and involve each of the Firm’s lines of business and geographies and a wide variety of claims (including common law tort and contract claims and statutory antitrust, securities and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel legal theories.

The Firm believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $0 to approximately $3.5 billion at March 31, 2016 . This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses was based upon currently available information for those proceedings in which the Firm believes that an estimate of reasonably possible loss can be made. For certain matters, the Firm does not believe that such an estimate can be made, as of that date. The Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses involves significant judgment, given the number, variety and varying stages of the proceedings (including the fact that many are in preliminary stages), the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants (including the Firm) whose share of liability has yet to be determined, the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings (including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims) and the attendant uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings, particularly proceedings that could result from government investigations. Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly.

Set forth below are descriptions of the Firm’s material legal proceedings.

Auto Dealer Regulatory Matter. The U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is investigating potential statistical disparities in markups charged to borrowers of different races and ethnicities by automobile dealers on loans originated by those dealers and purchased by the Firm.

CIO Litigation. The Firm has been sued in a consolidated shareholder class action, a consolidated putative class action brought under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) and seven shareholder derivative actions brought in Delaware state court and in New York federal and state courts relating to 2012 losses in the synthetic credit portfolio managed by the Firm’s Chief Investment Office (“CIO”). A settlement of the shareholder class action, under which the Firm will pay $150 million , has been preliminarily approved by the court. The putative ERISA class action has been dismissed, and the plaintiffs are

141

appealing that dismissal. All of the shareholder derivative actions have been dismissed.

Credit Default Swaps Investigations and Litigation. The Firm and other defendants have entered separate agreements to settle a consolidated class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on behalf of purchasers and sellers of credit default swaps (“CDS”). The complaint alleged that the defendant investment banks and dealers, including the Firm, as well as Markit Group Limited and/or the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, collectively prevented new entrants into the market for exchange-traded CDS products. These settlements have been approved by the Court.

Foreign Exchange Investigations and Litigation. The Firm previously reported settlements with certain government authorities relating to its foreign exchange (“FX”) sales and trading activities and controls related to those activities. FX-related investigations and inquiries by other, non-U.S. government authorities, including competition authorities, remain ongoing, and the Firm is cooperating with those matters.

The Firm is also one of a number of foreign exchange dealers defending a class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by U.S.-based plaintiffs, principally alleging violations of federal antitrust laws based on an alleged conspiracy to manipulate foreign exchange rates (the “U.S. class action”). In January 2015, the Firm entered into a settlement agreement in the U.S. class action. Following this settlement, a number of additional putative class actions were filed seeking damages for persons who transacted FX futures and options on futures (the “exchanged-based actions”), consumers who purchased foreign currencies at allegedly inflated rates (the “consumer actions”), and participants or beneficiaries of qualified ERISA plans (the “ERISA actions”). Since then, the Firm has entered into a revised settlement agreement to resolve the consolidated U.S. class action, including the exchange-based actions, and that agreement has been preliminarily approved by the Court. The consumer actions and ERISA actions remain pending.

In September 2015, two class actions were filed in Canada against the Firm as well as a number of other FX dealers, principally for alleged violations of the Canadian Competition Act based on an alleged conspiracy to fix the prices of currency purchased in the FX market. The first action was filed in the province of Ontario, and seeks to represent all persons in Canada who transacted any FX instrument. The second action seeks to represent only those persons in Quebec who engaged in FX transactions.

General Motors Litigation. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. participated in, and was the Administrative Agent on behalf of a syndicate of lenders on, a $1.5 billion syndicated Term Loan facility (“Term Loan”) for General Motors Corporation (“GM”). In July 2009, in connection with the GM bankruptcy proceedings, the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Motors Liquidation Company (“Creditors Committee”) filed a lawsuit against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its individual capacity and as Administrative Agent for other

lenders on the Term Loan, seeking to hold the underlying lien invalid based on the filing of a UCC-3 termination statement relating to the Term Loan. In January 2015, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the Bankruptcy Court’s dismissal of the Creditors Committee’s claim and remanded the case to the Bankruptcy Court with instructions to enter partial summary judgment for the Creditors Committee as to the termination statement. The proceedings in the Bankruptcy Court continue with respect to, among other things, additional defenses asserted by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the value of additional collateral on the Term Loan that was unaffected by the filing of the termination statement at issue. In addition, certain Term Loan lenders filed cross-claims against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the Bankruptcy Court seeking indemnification and asserting various claims.

Interchange Litigation. A group of merchants and retail associations filed a series of class action complaints alleging that Visa and MasterCard, as well as certain banks, conspired to set the price of credit and debit card interchange fees, enacted respective rules in violation of antitrust laws, and engaged in tying/bundling and exclusive dealing. The parties have entered into an agreement to settle the cases for a cash payment of $6.1 billion to the class plaintiffs (of which the Firm’s share is approximately 20% ) and an amount equal to ten basis points of credit card interchange for a period of eight months to be measured from a date within 60 days of the end of the opt-out period. The agreement also provides for modifications to each credit card network’s rules, including those that prohibit surcharging credit card transactions. In December 2013, the District Court granted final approval of the settlement. A number of merchants appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, and oral argument was held in September 2015. Certain merchants and trade associations have also filed a motion with the District Court seeking to set aside the approval of the class settlement on the basis of alleged improper communications between one of MasterCard’s former outside counsel and one of plaintiffs’ outside counsel. That motion remains pending. Certain merchants that opted out of the class settlement have filed actions against Visa and MasterCard, as well as against the Firm and other banks, and those actions are proceeding.

Investment Management Litigation. The Firm is defending two pending cases that are being coordinated for pre-trial purposes, alleging that investment portfolios managed by J.P. Morgan Investment Management (“JPMIM”) were inappropriately invested in securities backed by residential real estate collateral. Plaintiffs Assured Guaranty (U.K.) and Ambac Assurance UK Limited claim that JPMIM is liable for total losses of more than $1 billion in market value of these securities. Discovery has been completed. In January 2016, plaintiffs filed a joint partial motion for summary judgment in the coordinated actions, which JPMIM has opposed.

Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy Proceedings. In May 2010, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (“LBHI”) and its Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors (the “Committee”) filed a

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complaint (and later an amended complaint) against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York that asserted both federal bankruptcy law and state common law claims, and sought, among other relief, to recover $7.9 billion in collateral that was transferred to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the weeks preceding LBHI’s bankruptcy. The amended complaint also sought unspecified damages on the grounds that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s collateral requests hastened LBHI’s bankruptcy. The Bankruptcy Court dismissed the claims in the amended complaint that sought to void the allegedly constructively fraudulent and preferential transfers made to the Firm during September 2008, but did not dismiss the other claims, including claims for duress and fraud. The Firm filed counterclaims against LBHI, including alleging that LBHI fraudulently induced the Firm to make large extensions of credit against inappropriate collateral in connection with the Firm’s role as the clearing bank for Lehman Brothers Inc. (“LBI”), LBHI’s broker-dealer subsidiary. In September 2015, the District Court, to which the case had been transferred from the Bankruptcy Court, granted summary judgment in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on most of the claims against it that the Bankruptcy Court had not previously dismissed, including the claims for duress and fraud. The District Court also denied LBHI’s motion for summary judgment on certain of its claims and for dismissal of the Firm’s counterclaims. The claims that remained following the District Court’s ruling challenged the propriety of the Firm’s post-petition payment, from collateral posted by LBHI, of approximately $1.9 billion of derivatives, repo and securities lending claims.

In the Bankruptcy Court proceedings, LBHI and several of its subsidiaries that had been Chapter 11 debtors had filed a separate complaint and objection to derivatives claims asserted by the Firm alleging that the amount of the derivatives claims had been overstated and challenging certain set-offs taken by JPMorgan Chase entities to recover on the claims. In January 2015, LBHI filed claims objections with respect to guaranty claims asserted by the Firm arising from close-outs of derivatives transactions with LBI and one of its affiliates, and a claim objection with respect to derivatives close-out claims acquired by the Firm in the Washington Mutual transaction.

In January 2016, the parties reached an agreement, approved by the Bankruptcy Court, under which the Firm will pay $1.42 billion to settle all of the claims, counterclaims and claims objections, including all appeal rights, except for the claims specified in the following paragraph. One pro se objector sought to appeal the settlement, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit dismissed his appeal.

The settlement did not resolve the following remaining matters: In the Bankruptcy Court proceedings, LBHI and the Committee filed an objection to the claims asserted by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. against LBHI with respect to clearing advances made to LBI, principally on the grounds that the Firm had not conducted the sale of the securities collateral held for its claims in a commercially reasonable

manner. In January 2015, LBHI brought two claims objections relating to securities lending claims and a group of other smaller claims. Discovery with respect to these objections is ongoing.

LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rate Investigations and Litigation. JPMorgan Chase has received subpoenas and requests for documents and, in some cases, interviews, from federal and state agencies and entities, including the DOJ, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and various state attorneys general, as well as the European Commission (“EC”), the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), the Canadian Competition Bureau, the Swiss Competition Commission and other regulatory authorities and banking associations around the world relating primarily to the process by which interest rates were submitted to the British Bankers Association (“BBA”) in connection with the setting of the BBA’s London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for various currencies, principally in 2007 and 2008. Some of the inquiries also relate to similar processes by which information on rates is submitted to the European Banking Federation (“EBF”) in connection with the setting of the EBF’s Euro Interbank Offered Rates (“EURIBOR”) and to the Japanese Bankers’ Association for the setting of Tokyo Interbank Offered Rates (“TIBOR”), as well as processes for the setting of U.S. dollar ISDAFIX rates and other reference rates in various parts of the world during similar time periods. The Firm is responding to and continuing to cooperate with these inquiries. As previously reported, the Firm has resolved EC inquiries relating to Yen LIBOR and Swiss Franc LIBOR. In May 2014, the EC issued a Statement of Objections outlining its case against the Firm (and others) as to EURIBOR, to which the Firm has filed a response and made oral representations. Other inquiries have been discontinued without any action against JPMorgan Chase, including by the FCA and the Canadian Competition Bureau.

In addition, the Firm has been named as a defendant along with other banks in a series of individual and putative class actions filed in various United States District Courts, in which plaintiffs make varying allegations that in various periods, starting in 2000 or later, defendants either individually or collectively manipulated the U.S. dollar LIBOR, Yen LIBOR, Swiss franc LIBOR, Euroyen TIBOR and/or EURIBOR rates by submitting rates that were artificially low or high. Plaintiffs allege that they transacted in loans, derivatives or other financial instruments whose values are affected by changes in U.S. dollar LIBOR, Yen LIBOR, Swiss franc LIBOR, Euroyen TIBOR or EURIBOR and assert a variety of claims including antitrust claims seeking treble damages. These matters are in various stages of litigation.

The U.S. dollar LIBOR-related putative class actions and most U.S. dollar LIBOR-related individual actions were consolidated for pre-trial purposes in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The Court dismissed certain claims, including the antitrust claims, and permitted other claims under the Commodity Exchange Act and common law to proceed. Certain plaintiffs appealed the dismissal of the antitrust claims, and the

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United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit heard oral argument on the appeal in November 2015.

The Firm is one of the defendants in a number of putative class actions alleging that defendant banks and ICAP conspired to manipulate the U.S. dollar ISDAFIX rates. Plaintiffs primarily assert claims under the federal antitrust laws and Commodities Exchange Act.

Madoff Litigation. Various subsidiaries of the Firm, including J.P. Morgan Securities plc, had been named as defendants in lawsuits filed in Bankruptcy Court in New York arising out of the liquidation proceedings of Fairfield Sentry Limited and Fairfield Sigma Limited, so-called Madoff feeder funds. These actions sought to recover payments made by the funds to defendants totaling approximately $155 million . All of these actions have been dismissed.

A putative class action was filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey by investors who were net winners (i.e., Madoff customers who had taken more money out of their accounts than had been invested) in Madoff’s Ponzi scheme and were not included in a prior class action settlement. These plaintiffs allege violations of the federal securities law, as well as other state and federal claims. A similar action was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, although it was not styled as a class action, and included claims pursuant to Florida statutes. The Florida court granted the Firm’s motion to dismiss the case in September 2015. The plaintiffs have filed an appeal, which is pending. In addition, the same plaintiffs have re-filed their dismissed state claims in Florida state court. The New Jersey court granted the transfer motion to the Southern District of New York, and the Firm has moved to dismiss the case pending in New York.

Three shareholder derivative actions have also been filed in New York federal and state court against the Firm, as nominal defendant, and certain of its current and former Board members, alleging breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the Firm’s relationship with Bernard Madoff and the alleged failure to maintain effective internal controls to detect fraudulent transactions. All three actions have been dismissed. The plaintiff in one action did not appeal, the dismissal has been affirmed on appeal in another action, and one appeal remains pending.

Mortgage-Backed Securities and Repurchase Litigation and Related Regulatory Investigations. The Firm and affiliates (together, “JPMC”), Bear Stearns and affiliates (together, “Bear Stearns”) and certain Washington Mutual affiliates (together, “Washington Mutual”) have been named as defendants in a number of cases in their various roles in offerings of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”). These cases include actions by individual MBS purchasers and by trustees for MBS trusts. Following the settlements referred to below, there are currently pending and tolled investor claims involving MBS with an original principal balance of approximately $3.6 billion , of which $2.1 billion involves JPMC, Bear Stearns or Washington Mutual as issuer and $1.5 billion involves JPMC, Bear Stearns or Washington Mutual solely as underwriter. The Firm and certain of its

current and former officers and Board members have also been sued in shareholder derivative actions relating to the Firm’s MBS activities.

Issuer Litigation – Individual Purchaser Actions . The Firm is defending individual actions brought against JPMC, Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual as MBS issuers (and, in some cases, also as underwriters of their own MBS offerings). The Firm has settled a number of these actions. Several actions remain pending in federal and state courts across the U.S. and are in various stages of litigation.

Underwriter Actions . In actions against the Firm involving offerings where the Firm was solely an underwriter of other issuers’ MBS offerings, the Firm has contractual rights to indemnification from the issuers. However, those indemnity rights may prove effectively unenforceable in various situations, such as where the issuers are now defunct.

Repurchase Litigation . The Firm is defending a number of actions brought by trustees, securities administrators or master servicers of various MBS trusts on behalf of purchasers of securities issued by those trusts. These cases generally allege breaches of various representations and warranties regarding securitized loans and seek repurchase of those loans or equivalent monetary relief, as well as indemnification of attorneys’ fees and costs and other remedies. Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, acting as trustee for various MBS trusts, has filed such a suit against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) in connection with a significant number of MBS issued by Washington Mutual; that case is described in the Washington Mutual Litigations section below. Other repurchase actions, each specific to one or more MBS transactions issued by JPMC and/or Bear Stearns, are in various stages of litigation.

In addition, the Firm and a group of 21 institutional MBS investors made a binding offer to the trustees of MBS issued by JPMC and Bear Stearns providing for the payment of $4.5 billion and the implementation of certain servicing changes by JPMC, to resolve all repurchase and servicing claims that have been asserted or could have been asserted with respect to 330 MBS trusts created between 2005 and 2008. The offer does not resolve claims relating to Washington Mutual MBS. The trustees (or separate and successor trustees) for this group of 330 trusts have accepted the settlement for 319 trusts in whole or in part and excluded from the settlement 16 trusts in whole or in part. The trustees’ acceptance is subject to a judicial approval proceeding initiated by the trustees and pending in New York state court. An investor in some of the trusts for which the settlement has been accepted has intervened in the judicial approval proceeding to challenge the trustees’ allocation of the settlement to the trusts. The judicial approval hearing was held in January 2016, and the parties are awaiting a decision. Separately, in October 2015, JPMC reached agreements to resolve repurchase and servicing claims for four trusts among the 16 that were previously excluded from the trustee settlement. In December 2015, the court approved the trustees’ decision to accept these separate settlements. The trustees are

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seeking to obtain certain remaining approvals necessary to effectuate these settlements.

Additional actions have been filed against third-party trustees that relate to loan repurchase and servicing claims involving trusts sponsored by JPMC, Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual.

Derivative Actions . Shareholder derivative actions relating to the Firm’s MBS activities have been filed against the Firm, as nominal defendant, and certain of its current and former officers and members of its Board of Directors, in New York state court and California federal court. The New York actions have been dismissed, and the California action remains pending.

Government Enforcement Investigations and Litigation . The Firm is responding to an ongoing investigation being conducted by the DOJ’s Criminal Division and two United States Attorney’s Offices relating to MBS offerings securitized and sold by the Firm and its subsidiaries. The Firm has also received subpoenas and informal requests for information from state authorities concerning the issuance and underwriting of MBS-related matters. The Firm continues to respond to these MBS-related regulatory inquiries.

In addition, the Firm continues to cooperate with investigations by the DOJ, including the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Connecticut, and by the SEC Division of Enforcement and the Office of the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, all of which relate to, among other matters, communications with counterparties in connection with certain secondary market trading in residential and commercial MBS.

The Firm has entered into agreements with a number of entities that purchased MBS that toll applicable limitations periods with respect to their claims, and has settled, and in the future may settle, tolled claims. There is no assurance that the Firm will not be named as a defendant in additional MBS-related litigation.

Mortgage-Related Investigations and Litigation. The Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York is conducting an investigation concerning the Firm’s compliance with the Fair Housing Act and Equal Credit Opportunity Act in connection with its mortgage lending practices. In addition, three municipalities have commenced litigation against the Firm alleging violations of an unfair competition law or the Fair Housing Act. The municipalities seek, among other things, civil penalties for the unfair competition claim, and, for the Fair Housing Act claims, damages resulting from lost tax revenue and increased municipal costs associated with foreclosed properties. One of the municipal actions has been stayed, a motion to dismiss has been granted in another action, and a stay in the remaining action has been lifted.

In March 2015, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A entered into a settlement agreement with the Executive Office for United States Bankruptcy Trustees and the United States Trustee Program (collectively, the “Bankruptcy Trustee”) to resolve

issues relating to mortgage payment change notices and escrow statements in bankruptcy proceedings. The Bankruptcy Trustee continues to review certain issues relating to mortgage payment change notices. In January 2016, the OCC determined that, among other things, the mortgage payment change notices issues that were the subject of the settlement with the Bankruptcy Trustee violated the 2011 mortgage servicing-related consent order entered into by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the OCC (as amended in 2013 and 2015), and assessed a $48 million civil money penalty. The OCC concurrently terminated that consent order.

Municipal Derivatives Litigation. Several civil actions were commenced in New York and Alabama courts against the Firm relating to certain Jefferson County, Alabama (the “County”) warrant underwritings and swap transactions. The claims in the civil actions generally alleged that the Firm made payments to certain third parties in exchange for being chosen to underwrite more than $3 billion in warrants issued by the County and to act as the counterparty for certain swaps executed by the County. The County filed for bankruptcy in November 2011. In June 2013, the County filed a Chapter 9 Plan of Adjustment, as amended (the “Plan of Adjustment”), which provided that all the above-described actions against the Firm would be released and dismissed with prejudice. In November 2013, the Bankruptcy Court confirmed the Plan of Adjustment, and in December 2013, certain sewer rate payers filed an appeal challenging the confirmation of the Plan of Adjustment. All conditions to the Plan of Adjustment’s effectiveness, including the dismissal of the actions against the Firm, were satisfied or waived and the transactions contemplated by the Plan of Adjustment occurred in December 2013. Accordingly, all the above-described actions against the Firm have been dismissed pursuant to the terms of the Plan of Adjustment. The appeal of the Bankruptcy Court’s order confirming the Plan of Adjustment remains pending.

Petters Bankruptcy and Related Matters. JPMorgan Chase and certain of its affiliates, including One Equity Partners (“OEP”), have been named as defendants in several actions filed in connection with the receivership and bankruptcy proceedings pertaining to Thomas J. Petters and certain affiliated entities (collectively, “Petters”) and the Polaroid Corporation. The principal actions against JPMorgan Chase and its affiliates have been brought by a court-appointed receiver for Petters and the trustees in bankruptcy proceedings for three Petters entities. These actions generally seek to avoid certain putative transfers in connection with (i) the 2005 acquisition by Petters of Polaroid, which at the time was majority-owned by OEP; (ii) two credit facilities that JPMorgan Chase and other financial institutions entered into with Polaroid; and (iii) a credit line and investment accounts held by Petters. The actions collectively seek recovery of approximately $450 million . Defendants have moved to dismiss the complaints in the actions filed by the Petters bankruptcy trustees.

Proprietary Products Investigations and Litigation. In December 2015, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and J.P.

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Morgan Securities LLC agreed to a settlement with the SEC, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. agreed to a settlement with the CFTC, regarding disclosures to clients concerning conflicts associated with the Firm’s sale and use of proprietary products, such as J.P. Morgan mutual funds, in the Firm’s wealth management businesses, and the U.S. Private Bank’s disclosures concerning the use of hedge funds that pay placement agent fees to JPMorgan Chase broker-dealer affiliates. The Firm continues to cooperate with inquiries from other government authorities concerning disclosure of conflicts associated with the Firm’s sale and use of proprietary products. A putative class action filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of financial advisory clients from 2007 to the present whose funds were invested in proprietary funds and who were charged investment management fees, was dismissed by the Court. Plaintiffs’ appeal of the dismissal is pending.

Referral Hiring Practices Investigations. Various regulators, including the DOJ’s Criminal Division as well as the SEC, are investigating, among other things, the Firm’s compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other laws with respect to the Firm’s hiring practices related to candidates referred by clients, potential clients and government officials, and its engagement of consultants in the Asia Pacific region. The Firm is responding to and cooperating with these investigations.

Washington Mutual Litigations. Proceedings related to Washington Mutual’s failure are pending before the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and include a lawsuit brought by Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, initially against the FDIC and amended to include JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as a defendant, asserting an estimated $6 billion to $10 billion in damages based upon alleged breaches of certain representations and warranties given by certain Washington Mutual affiliates in connection with mortgage securitization agreements. The case includes assertions that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. may have assumed liabilities for the alleged breaches of representations and warranties in the mortgage securitization agreements. In June 2015, the court ruled in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on the question of whether the Firm or the FDIC bears responsibility for Washington Mutual Bank’s repurchase obligations, holding that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. assumed only those liabilities that were reflected on Washington Mutual Bank’s financial accounting records as of September 25, 2008, and only up to the amount of the book value reflected therein. The FDIC is appealing that ruling and the case has otherwise been stayed pending the outcome of that appeal.

Certain holders of Washington Mutual Bank debt filed an action against JPMorgan Chase which alleged that by acquiring substantially all of the assets of Washington Mutual Bank from the FDIC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. caused Washington Mutual Bank to default on its bond obligations. JPMorgan Chase and the FDIC moved to dismiss this action and the District Court dismissed the case except as to the plaintiffs’ claim that JPMorgan Chase tortiously interfered with the plaintiffs’ bond contracts with

Washington Mutual Bank prior to its closure. JPMorgan Chase and the FDIC moved to dismiss the remaining claim and the Court dismissed the case with prejudice. The plaintiffs have confirmed they will not seek an appeal.

JPMorgan Chase has also filed complaints in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the FDIC, in its corporate capacity as well as in its capacity as receiver for Washington Mutual Bank, asserting multiple claims for indemnification under the terms of the Purchase & Assumption Agreement between JPMorgan Chase and the FDIC relating to JPMorgan Chase’s purchase of most of the assets and certain liabilities of Washington Mutual Bank.

Wendel. Since 2012, the French criminal authorities have been investigating a series of transactions entered into by senior managers of Wendel Investissement (“Wendel”) during the period from 2004 through 2007 to restructure their shareholdings in Wendel. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Paris branch provided financing for the transactions to a number of managers of Wendel in 2007. In April 2015, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. was notified that the authorities were formally investigating the role of its Paris branch in the transactions, including alleged criminal tax abuse. JPMorgan Chase is responding to and cooperating with the investigation. In addition, civil proceedings have been commenced against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. by a number of the managers. The claims are separate, involve different allegations and are at various stages of proceedings.

* * *

In addition to the various legal proceedings discussed above, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries are named as defendants or are otherwise involved in a substantial number of other legal proceedings. The Firm believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding legal proceedings and it intends to defend itself vigorously in all such matters. Additional legal proceedings may be initiated from time to time in the future.

The Firm has established reserves for several hundred of its currently outstanding legal proceedings. In accordance with the provisions of U.S. GAAP for contingencies, the Firm accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Firm evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its litigation reserves, and makes adjustments in such reserves, upwards or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. The Firm’s legal expense was not material for the three months ended March 31, 2016, and was $687 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. There is no assurance that the Firm’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future.

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In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the matters present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in early stages of discovery, the Firm cannot state with confidence what will be the eventual outcomes of the currently pending matters, the timing of their ultimate resolution or the eventual losses, fines, penalties or impact related to those matters. JPMorgan Chase believes, based upon its current knowledge, after consultation with counsel and after taking into account its current litigation reserves, that the legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s consolidated financial condition. The Firm notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued; as a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to JPMorgan Chase’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of JPMorgan Chase’s income for that period.

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Note 24 – Business segments

The Firm is managed on a line of business basis. There are four major reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Results of these lines of business are presented on a managed basis. For a further discussion concerning JPMorgan Chase ’s business segments, see Business Segment Results on page 16 , and pages 83-84, and Note 33 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

Segment results

The accompanying tables provide a summary of the Firm’s segment results for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, on a managed basis. Total net revenue (noninterest revenue and net interest income) for each of the segments is presented on a fully taxable-equivalent

(“FTE”) basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. This non-GAAP financial measure allows management to assess the comparability of revenue from year-to-year arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense/(benefit).

On at least an annual basis, the Firm assesses the level of capital required for each line of business as well as the assumptions and methodologies used to allocate capital. The line of business equity allocations are updated as refinements are implemented. Each business segment is allocated capital by taking into consideration stand-alone peer comparisons, regulatory capital requirements (as estimated under Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In rules) and economic risk. The amount of capital assigned to each business is referred to as equity.



Segment results and reconciliation ^(a)
As of or for the three months ended March 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Consumer & Community Banking				Corporate & Investment Bank					Commercial Banking				Asset Management
	2016		2015		2016		2015			2016		2015		2016		2015
Noninterest revenue	$	3,806	$	3,736	$	5,534	$	7,074		$	556	$	636	$	2,245	$	2,384
Net interest income	7,311		6,968		2,601		2,508			1,247		1,106		727		621
Total net revenue	11,117		10,704		8,135		9,582			1,803		1,742		2,972		3,005
Provision for credit losses	1,050		930		459		(31		)	304		61		13		4
Noninterest expense	6,088		6,190		4,808		5,657			713		709		2,075		2,175
Income before income tax expense	3,979		3,584		2,868		3,956			786		972		884		826
Income tax expense	1,489		1,365		889		1,419			290		374		297		324
Net income	$	2,490	$	2,219	$	1,979	$	2,537		$	496	$	598	$	587	$	502
Average common equity	$	51,000	$	51,000	$	64,000	$	62,000		$	16,000	$	14,000	$	9,000	$	9,000
Total assets	505,071		455,624		801,053		854,275			204,602		197,931		131,276		126,233
Return on common equity	19%		17%		11%		16%			11%		17%		25%		22%
Overhead ratio	55		58		59		59			40		41		70		72



As of or for the three months ended March 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Corporate						Reconciling Items ^(a)						Total
	2016			2015			2016			2015			2016			2015
Noninterest revenue	$	269		$	40		$	(551	)	$	(481	)	$	11,859		$	13,389
Net interest income	(213		)	(253		)	(293		)	$	(273	)	11,380			10,677
Total net revenue	56			(213		)	(844		)	$	(754	)	23,239			24,066
Provision for credit losses	(2		)	(5		)	—			—			1,824			959
Noninterest expense	153			152			—			—			13,837			14,883
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)	(95		)	(360		)	(844		)	(754		)	7,578			8,224
Income tax expense/(benefit)	(63		)	(418		)	(844		)	(754		)	2,058			2,310
Net income/(loss)	$	(32	)	$	58		$	—		$	—		$	5,520		$	5,914
Average common equity	$	81,561		$	76,352		$	—		$	—		$	221,561		$	212,352
Total assets	781,806			942,556			NA			NA			2,423,808			2,576,619
Return on common equity	NM			NM			NM			NM			9		%	11		%
Overhead ratio	NM			NM			NM			NM			60			62


(a)	Segment managed results reflect revenue on an FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These FTE adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of JPMorgan

Chase & Co.:

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries (the “Firm”) as of March 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and changes in cash flows for each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Firm’s management.

We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and changes in cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 23, 2016, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

April 29, 2016

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017

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JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)

	Three months ended March 31, 2016										Three months ended March 31, 2015
	Average balance			Interest ^(e)				Rate (annualized)			Average balance			Interest ^(e)				Rate (annualized)
Assets
Deposits with banks	$	364,200		$	460			0.51	%		$	480,182		$	341			0.29	%
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	204,992			554				1.09			217,546			396				0.74
Securities borrowed	103,461			(92		)	^(f)	(0.36	)		111,197			(120		)	^(f)	(0.44	)
Trading assets – debt instruments	208,315			1,716				3.31			210,069			1,755				3.39
Taxable securities	240,375			1,442				2.41			295,049			1,724				2.37
Nontaxable securities ^(a)	44,113			665				6.06			39,918			603				6.13
Total securities	284,488			2,107				2.98		^(g)	334,967			2,327				2.82		^(g)
Loans	840,526			8,907				4.26			757,638			7,994				4.28
Other assets ^(b)	38,001			193				2.04			37,202			145				1.59
Total interest-earning assets	2,043,983			13,845				2.72			2,148,801			12,838				2.42
Allowance for loan losses	(13,637		)								(14,057		)
Cash and due from banks	17,944										24,725
Trading assets – equity instruments	85,280										112,118
Trading assets – derivative receivables	70,651										83,901
Goodwill	47,332										47,491
Mortgage servicing rights	5,918										6,827
Other intangible assets	985										1,162
Other assets	136,465										145,523
Total assets	$	2,394,921									$	2,556,491
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits	$	884,082		$	320			0.15	%		$	904,325		$	364			0.16	%
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	171,246			260				0.61			200,236			142				0.29
Commercial paper	17,537			33				0.75			60,013			34				0.23
Trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities ^(c)(d)	196,233			227				0.47			223,361			156				0.28
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	39,839			113				1.14			50,677			98				0.79
Long-term debt	288,160			1,219				1.70			278,840			1,094				1.59
Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,597,097			2,172				0.55			1,717,452			1,888				0.45
Noninterest-bearing deposits	399,186										432,188
Trading liabilities – equity instruments ^(d)	18,504										18,210
Trading liabilities – derivative payables	60,591										76,049
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments	71,914										79,415
Total liabilities	2,147,292										2,323,314
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock	26,068										20,825
Common stockholders’ equity	221,561										212,352
Total stockholders’ equity	247,629										233,177
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,394,921									$	2,556,491
Interest rate spread								2.17	%									1.97	%
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets				$	11,673			2.30						$	10,950			2.07


(a)	Represents securities which are tax exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.


(b)	Includes margin loans.


(c)	Includes brokerage customer payables.


(d)	Included trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments of $87,718 million and $84,185 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 respectively.


(e)	Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.


(f)	Negative interest income and yield is a result of increased client-driven demand for certain securities combined with the impact of low interest rates; this is matched book activity and the negative interest expense on the corresponding securities loaned is recognized in interest expense and reported within trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities.


(g)	For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the annualized rates for securities, based on amortized cost, were 3.03% and 2.89%, respectively; this does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Active foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings are ongoing. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.

Allowance for loan losses to total loans: Represents period-end allowance for loan losses divided by retained loans.

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs: Represents the interest of third-party holders of debt, equity securities, or other obligations, issued by VIEs that JPMorgan Chase consolidates.

Benefit obligation: Refers to the projected benefit obligation for pension plans and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for OPEB plans.

Client deposits and other third party liabilities: Deposits, as well as deposits that are swept to on-balance sheet liabilities (e.g., commercial paper, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements) as part of client cash management programs. During the third quarter 2015 the Firm completed the discontinuation of its commercial paper customer sweep cash management program.

Central counterparty (“CCP”): A CCP is a clearing house that interposes itself between counterparties to contracts traded in one or more financial markets, becoming the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer and thereby ensuring the future performance of open contracts. A CCP becomes counterparty to trades with market participants through novation, an open offer system, or another legally binding arrangement.

Commercial Card provides a wide range of payment services to corporate and public sector clients worldwide through the commercial card products. Services include procurement, corporate travel and entertainment, expense management services, and business-to-business payment solutions.

Core loans: Loans considered central to the Firm’s ongoing businesses; core loans exclude loans classified as trading assets, runoff portfolios, discontinued portfolios and portfolios the Firm has an intent to exit.

Credit derivatives: Financial instruments whose value is derived from the credit risk associated with the debt of a third party issuer (the reference entity) which allow one party (the protection purchaser) to transfer that risk to another party (the protection seller). Upon the occurrence of a credit event by the reference entity, which may include, among other events, the bankruptcy or failure to pay its obligations, or certain restructurings of the debt of the reference entity, neither party has recourse to the reference entity. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value at the time of settling the credit derivative contract. The determination as to

whether a credit event has occurred is generally made by the relevant International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Determinations Committee.

Criticized: Criticized loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables that are classified as special mention, substandard and doubtful categories for regulatory purposes and are generally consistent with a rating of CCC+/Caa1 and below, as defined by S&P and Moody’s.

Exchange-traded derivatives: Derivative contracts that are executed on an exchange and settled via a central clearing house.

Fee share: Proportion of fee revenue based on estimates of investment banking fees generated across the industry from investment banking transactions in M&A, equity and debt underwriting, and loan syndications. Source: Dealogic, a third party provider of investment banking fee competitive analysis and volume-based league tables for the above noted industry products.

FICO score: A measure of consumer credit risk provided by credit bureaus, typically produced from statistical models by Fair Isaac Corporation utilizing data collected by the credit bureaus.

Forward points: Represents the interest rate differential between two currencies, which is either added to or subtracted from the current exchange rate (i.e., “spot rate”) to determine the forward exchange rate.

Group of Seven (“G7”) nations: Countries in the G7 are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S.

G7 government bonds: Bonds issued by the government of one of the G7 nations.

Headcount-related expense: Includes salary and benefits (excluding performance-based incentives), and other noncompensation costs related to employees.

Home equity – senior lien: Represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds the first security interest on the property.

Home equity – junior lien: Represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds a security interest that is subordinate in rank to other liens.

Impaired loan: Impaired loans are loans measured at amortized cost, for which it is probable that the Firm will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the agreement. Impaired loans include the following:


•	All wholesale nonaccrual loans


•	All TDRs (both wholesale and consumer), including ones that have returned to accrual status

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Interchange income: A fee paid to a credit card issuer in the clearing and settlement of a sales or cash advance transaction.

Investment-grade: An indication of credit quality based on JPMorgan Chase’s internal risk assessment system. “Investment grade” generally represents a risk profile similar to a rating of a “BBB-”/“Baa3” or better, as defined by independent rating agencies .

LLC: Limited Liability Company.

Loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio: For residential real estate loans, the relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the principal amount of a loan and the appraised value of the collateral (i.e., residential real estate) securing the loan.

Origination date LTV ratio

The LTV ratio at the origination date of the loan. Origination date LTV ratios are calculated based on the actual appraised values of collateral (i.e., loan-level data) at the origination date.

Current estimated LTV ratio

An estimate of the LTV as of a certain date. The current estimated LTV ratios are calculated using estimated collateral values derived from a nationally recognized home price index measured at the metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) level. These MSA-level home price indices consist of actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. As a result, the estimated collateral values used to calculate these ratios do not represent actual appraised loan-level collateral values; as such, the resulting LTV ratios are necessarily imprecise and should therefore be viewed as estimates.

Combined LTV ratio

The LTV ratio considering all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property. Combined LTV ratios are used for junior lien home equity products.

Managed basis: A non-GAAP presentation of financial results that includes reclassifications to present revenue on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management uses this non- GAAP financial measure at the segment level, because it believes this provides information to enable investors to understand the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and facilitates a comparison of the business segment with the performance of competitors.

Master netting agreement: An agreement between two counterparties who have multiple contracts with each other that provides for the net settlement of all contracts, as well as cash collateral, through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of default on or termination of any one contract.

Mortgage product types:

Alt-A

Alt-A loans are generally higher in credit quality than subprime loans but have characteristics that would

disqualify the borrower from a traditional prime loan. Alt-A lending characteristics may include one or more of the following: (i) limited documentation; (ii) a high combined loan-to-value (“CLTV”) ratio; (iii) loans secured by non-owner occupied properties; or (iv) a debt-to-income ratio above normal limits. A substantial proportion of the Firm’s Alt-A loans are those where a borrower does not provide complete documentation of his or her assets or the amount or source of his or her income.

Option ARMs

The option ARM real estate loan product is an adjustable-rate mortgage loan that provides the borrower with the option each month to make a fully amortizing, interest-only or minimum payment. The minimum payment on an option ARM loan is based on the interest rate charged during the introductory period. This introductory rate is usually significantly below the fully indexed rate. The fully indexed rate is calculated using an index rate plus a margin. Once the introductory period ends, the contractual interest rate charged on the loan increases to the fully indexed rate and adjusts monthly to reflect movements in the index. The minimum payment is typically insufficient to cover interest accrued in the prior month, and any unpaid interest is deferred and added to the principal balance of the loan. Option ARM loans are subject to payment recast, which converts the loan to a variable-rate fully amortizing loan upon meeting specified loan balance and anniversary date triggers.

Prime

P rime mortgage loans are made to borrowers with good credit records who meet specific underwriting requirements, including prescriptive requirements related to income and overall debt levels. New prime mortgage borrowers provide full documentation and generally have reliable payment histories.

Subprime

Subprime loans are loans that, prior to mid-2008, were offered to certain customers with one or more high risk characteristics, including but not limited to: (i) unreliable or poor payment histories; (ii) a high LTV ratio of greater than 80% (without borrower-paid mortgage insurance); (iii) a high debt-to-income ratio; (iv) an occupancy type for the loan is other than the borrower’s primary residence; or (v) a history of delinquencies or late payments on the loan.

NA: Data is not applicable or available for the period presented.

Net charge-off/(recovery) rate: Represents net charge-offs/(recoveries) (annualized) divided by average retained loans for the reporting period.

Net yield on interest-earning assets: The average rate for interest-earning assets less the average rate paid for all sources of funds.

NM: Not meaningful.

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Nonaccrual loans: Loans for which interest income is not recognized on an accrual basis. Loans (other than credit card loans and certain consumer loans insured by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status when management believes full payment of principal and interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. Collateral-dependent loans are typically maintained on nonaccrual status.

Nonperforming assets: Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, nonperforming derivatives and certain assets acquired in loan satisfaction, predominantly real estate owned and other commercial and personal property.

Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives: Derivative contracts that are negotiated, executed and settled bilaterally between two derivative counterparties, where one or both counterparties is a derivatives dealer.

Over-the-counter cleared (“OTC cleared”) derivatives: Derivative contracts that are negotiated and executed bilaterally, but subsequently settled via a central clearing house, such that each derivative counterparty is only exposed to the default of that clearing house.

Overhead ratio: Noninterest expense as a percentage of total net revenue.

Participating securities: Represents unvested stock-based compensation awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”), which are included in the earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. JPMorgan Chase grants restricted stock and RSUs to certain employees under its stock-based compensation programs, which entitle the recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common stock and participating securities, based on their respective rights to receive dividends.

Pre-provision profit/(loss): Represents total net revenue less noninterest expense. The Firm believes that this financial measure is useful in assessing the ability of a lending institution to generate income in excess of its provision for credit losses.

Principal transactions revenue: Principal transactions revenue includes realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded on derivatives, other financial instruments, private equity investments, and physical commodities used in market-making and client-driven activities. In addition, Principal transactions revenue also includes certain realized and unrealized gains and losses related to hedge accounting and specified risk management activities including: (a) certain derivatives designated in qualifying hedge

accounting relationships (primarily fair value hedges of commodity and foreign exchange risk), (b) certain derivatives used for specified risk management purposes, primarily to mitigate credit risk, foreign exchange risk and commodity risk, and (c) other derivatives.

Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans: Represents loans that were acquired in the Washington Mutual transaction and deemed to be credit-impaired on the acquisition date in accordance with the guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The guidance allows purchasers to aggregate credit-impaired loans acquired in the same fiscal quarter into one or more pools, provided that the loans have common risk characteristics (e.g., product type, LTV ratios, FICO scores, past due status, geographic location). A pool is then accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows.

Receivables from customers: Primarily represents margin loans to prime and retail brokerage customers which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.

Reported basis: Financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP, which excludes the impact of taxable-equivalent adjustments.

Retained loans: Loans that are held-for-investment (i.e. excludes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value).

Risk-weighted assets (“RWA”): Basel III establishes two comprehensive methodologies for calculating RWA (a Standardized approach and an Advanced approach) which include capital requirements for credit risk, market risk, and in the case of Basel III Advanced, also operational risk. Key differences in the calculation of credit risk RWA between the Standardized and Advanced approaches are that for Basel III Advanced, credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters, whereas for Basel III Standardized, credit risk RWA is generally based on supervisory risk-weightings which vary primarily by counterparty type and asset class. Market risk RWA is calculated on a generally consistent basis between Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced.

Seed capital: Initial JPMorgan capital invested in products, such as mutual funds, with the intention of ensuring the fund is of sufficient size to represent a viable offering to clients, enabling pricing of its shares, and allowing the manager to develop a track record. After these goals are achieved, the intent is to remove the Firm’s capital from the investment.

Short sale: A short sale is a sale of real estate in which proceeds from selling the underlying property are less than the amount owed the Firm under the terms of the related mortgage and the related lien is released upon receipt of such proceeds.

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Structural interest rate risk: Represents interest rate risk of the non-trading assets and liabilities of the Firm.

Structured notes: Structured notes are predominantly financial instruments containing embedded derivatives. Where present, the embedded derivative is the primary driver of risk.

Suspended foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings have started but are currently on hold, which could be due to bankruptcy or loss mitigation. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.

Taxable-equivalent basis: In presenting managed results, the total net revenue for each of the business segments and the Firm is presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities; the corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense.

Troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”): A TDR is deemed to occur when the Firm modifies the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty.

Unaudited: Financial statements and information that have not been subjected to auditing procedures sufficient to permit an independent certified public accountant to express an opinion.

U.S. GAAP: Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (“U.S.GSEs”) and U.S. GSE obligations: In the U.S., GSEs are quasi-governmental, privately-held entities established by

Congress to improve the flow of credit to specific sectors of the economy and provide certain essential services to the public. U.S. GSEs include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but do not include Ginnie Mae, which is directly owned by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. U.S. GSE obligations are not explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

U.S. Treasury: U.S. Department of the Treasury.

Value-at-risk (“VaR”): A measure of the dollar amount of potential loss from adverse market moves in an ordinary market environment.

Warehouse loans: Consist of prime mortgages originated with the intent to sell that are accounted for at fair value and classified as trading assets.

Washington Mutual transaction: On September 25, 2008, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain of the assets of the banking operations of Washington Mutual Bank (“Washington Mutual”) from the FDIC.

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LINE OF BUSINESS METRICS

CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING (“CCB”)

Households – A household is a collection of individuals or entities aggregated together by name, address, tax identifier and phone. Reported on a one-month lag.

Deposit margin/deposit spread - Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.

Mortgage Production and Mortgage Servicing revenue comprises the following:

Net production revenue includes net gains or losses on originations and sales of mortgage loans, other production-related fees and losses related to the repurchase of previously-sold loans.

Net mortgage servicing revenue includes the following components :

a) Operating revenue predominantly represents the return on Mortgage Servicing’s MSR asset and includes:


•	Actual gross income earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, such as contractually specified servicing fees and ancillary income; and


•	The change in the fair value of the MSR asset due to the collection or realization of expected cash flows.

b) Risk management represents the components of Mortgage Servicing’s MSR asset that are subject to ongoing risk management activities, together with derivatives and other instruments used in those risk management activities.

Mortgage origination channels comprise the following:

Retail – Borrowers who buy or refinance a home through direct contact with a mortgage banker employed by the Firm using a branch office, the Internet or by phone. Borrowers are frequently referred to a mortgage banker by a banker in a Chase branch, real estate brokers, home builders or other third parties.

Correspondent – Banks, thrifts, other mortgage banks and other financial institutions that sell closed loans to the Firm.

Card Services includes the Credit Card and Commerce Solutions businesses.

Commerce Solutions is a business that primarily processes transactions for merchants.

Sales volume – Dollar amount of cardmember purchases, net of returns.

Auto loan and lease origination volume – Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.

CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK (“CIB”)

Definition of selected CIB revenue:

Investment Banking incorporates all revenue associated with investment banking activities, and is reported net of investment banking revenue shared with other lines of business.

Treasury Services offers a broad range of products and services that enable clients to manage payments and receipts, as well as invest and manage funds. Products include U.S. dollar and multi-currency clearing, ACH, lockbox, disbursement and reconciliation services, check deposits, and currency-related services.

Lending includes net interest income, fees, gains or losses on loan sale activity, gains or losses on securities received as part of a loan restructuring, and the risk management results related to the credit portfolio. Lending also includes Trade Finance, which includes loans tied directly to goods crossing borders, export/import loans, commercial letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and supply chain finance.

Fixed Income Markets primarily include revenue related to market-making across global fixed income markets, including foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and commodities markets.

Equity Markets primarily include revenue related to market-making across global equity products, including cash instruments, derivatives, convertibles and Prime Services.

Securities Services includes primarily custody, fund accounting and administration, and securities lending products sold principally to asset managers, insurance companies and public and private investment funds. Also includes clearance, collateral management and depositary receipts business which provides broker-dealer clearing and custody services, including tri-party repo transactions, collateral management products, and depositary bank services for American and global depositary receipt programs.

Description of certain business metrics:

Assets under custody (“AUC”) represents activities associated with the safekeeping and servicing of assets on which Securities Services earns fees.

Investment banking fees include advisory, equity underwriting, bond underwriting and loan syndication fees.

155

COMMERCIAL BANKING (“CB”)

CB is divided into four primary client segments: Middle Market Banking, Corporate Client Banking, Commercial Term Lending, and Real Estate Banking .

Middle Market Banking covers corporate, municipal and nonprofit clients, with annual revenue generally ranging between $20 million and $500 million.

Corporate Client Banking covers clients with annual revenue generally ranging between $500 million and $2 billion and focuses on clients that have broader investment banking needs.

Commercial Term Lending primarily provides term financing to real estate investors/owners for multifamily properties as well as office, retail and industrial properties.

Real Estate Banking provides full-service banking to investors and developers of institutional-grade real estate investment properties.

Other primarily includes lending and investment-related activities within the Community Development Banking business.

CB product revenue comprises the following:

Lending includes a variety of financing alternatives, which are primarily provided on a secured basis; collateral includes receivables, inventory, equipment, real estate or other assets. Products include term loans, revolving lines of credit, bridge financing, asset-based structures, leases, and standby letters of credit.

Treasury services includes revenue from a broad range of products and services that enable CB clients to manage payments and receipts, as well as invest and manage funds.

Investment banking includes revenue from a range of products providing CB clients with sophisticated capital-raising alternatives, as well as balance sheet and risk management tools through advisory, equity underwriting, and loan syndications. Revenue from Fixed income and Equity market products used by CB clients is also included. Investment banking revenue, gross, represents total revenue related to investment banking products sold to CB clients.

Other product revenue primarily includes tax-equivalent adjustments generated from Community Development Banking activity and certain income derived from principal transactions.

ASSET MANAGEMENT (“AM”)

Assets under management – Represent assets actively managed by AM on behalf of its Private Banking, Institutional and Retail clients. Includes “Committed capital not Called,” on which AM earns fees.

Client assets – Represent assets under management, as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.

Multi-asset – Any fund or account that allocates assets under management to more than one asset class.

Alternative assets – The following types of assets constitute alternative investments – hedge funds, currency, real estate, private equity and other investment funds designed to focus on nontraditional strategies.

AM’s lines of business consist of the following:

Global Investment Management provides comprehensive global investment services - including asset management, pension analytics, asset-liability management and active risk-budgeting strategies.

Global Wealth Management offers investment advice and wealth management, including investment management, capital markets and risk management, tax and estate planning, banking, lending and specialty-wealth advisory services.

AM’s client segments consist of the following:

Private Banking clients include high- and ultra-high-net-worth individuals, families, money managers, business owners and small corporations worldwide.

Institutional clients include both corporate and public institutions, endowments, foundations, nonprofit organizations and governments worldwide.

Retail clients include financial intermediaries and individual investors.

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J.P. Morgan Asset Management has two high-level measures of its overall fund performance:

Percentage of mutual fund assets under management in funds rated 4- or 5-star : Mutual fund rating services rank funds based on their risk-adjusted performance over various periods. A 5-star rating is the best rating and represents the top 10% of industry-wide ranked funds.

A 4-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 3-star rating represents the next 35% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 2-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 1-star rating is the worst rating and represents the bottom 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. The “overall Morningstar rating” is derived from a weighted average of the performance associated with a fund’s three-, five- and ten-year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. For U.S. domiciled funds, separate star ratings are given at the individual share class level. The Nomura “star rating” is based on three-year risk-adjusted performance only. Funds with fewer than three years of history are not rated and hence excluded from this analysis. All ratings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive this analysis are sourced from these fund rating providers. The data providers re-denominate the asset values into U.S. dollars. This % of AUM is based on star ratings at the share class level for U.S. domiciled funds, and at a “primary share class” level to represent the star rating of all other funds except for Japan where Nomura provides ratings at the fund level. The “primary share class”, as defined by Morningstar, denotes the share class recommended as being the best proxy for the portfolio and in most cases will be the most retail version (based upon annual management charge, minimum investment, currency and other factors). The performance data could have been different if all funds/accounts would have been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.

Percentage of mutual fund assets under management in funds ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartile (one, three and five years): All quartile rankings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive this analysis are sourced from the fund ranking providers. Quartile rankings are done on the net-of-fee absolute return of each fund. The data providers re-denominate the asset values into U.S. dollars. This % of AUM is based on fund performance and associated peer rankings at the share class level for U.S. domiciled funds, at a “primary share class” level to represent the quartile ranking of the U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong funds and at the fund level for all other funds. The “primary share class”, as defined by Morningstar, denotes the share class recommended as being the best proxy for the portfolio and in most cases will be the most retail version (based upon annual management charge, minimum investment, currency and other factors). Where peer group rankings given for a fund are in more than one “primary share class” territory both rankings are included to reflect local market competitiveness (applies to “Offshore Territories” and “HK SFC Authorized” funds only). The performance data could have been different if all funds/accounts would have been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.

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Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

For a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see the Market Risk Management section of Management’s discussion and analysis on pages 48–51 of this Form 10-Q and pages 133–139 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report .

Item 4 Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Firm’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective. See Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 for the Certification statements issued by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

The Firm is committed to maintaining high standards of internal control over financial reporting. Nevertheless, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, in a firm as large and complex as JPMorgan Chase, lapses or deficiencies in internal controls do occur from time to time, and there can be no assurance that any such deficiencies will not result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in internal controls in the future. For further information, see “Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting” on page 174 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. There was no change in the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2016 , that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II Other Information

Item 1 Legal Proceedings

For information that updates the disclosures set forth under Part I, Item 3: Legal Proceedings, in the Firm’s 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K , see the discussion of the Firm’s material legal proceedings in Note 23 of this Form 10-Q .

Item 1A Risk Factors

For a discussion of certain risk factors affecting the Firm, see Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 8–18 of JPMorgan Chase ’s 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Forward-Looking Statements on page 70 of this Form 10-Q .

Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the three months ended March 31, 2016 , shares of common stock of JPMorgan Chase & Co. were issued in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof, as follows: (i) on January 15, 2016, 9,131 shares were issued to retired directors who had deferred receipt of such common stock pursuant to the Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors; and (ii) on January 29, 2016, and March 18, 2016, 15,508 shares and 21 shares, respectively, were issued to retired employees who had deferred receipt of such common shares pursuant to the Corporate Performance Incentive Plan.

Repurchases under the common equity repurchase program

On March 17, 2016, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $1.9 billion of common equity (common stock and warrants) through June 30, 2016 under its current equity repurchase program. This amount is in addition to the $6.4 billion of common equity that was previously authorized for repurchase between April 1, 2015, and June 30, 2016. This authorization includes shares repurchased to offset issuances under the Firm’s equity-based compensation plans.



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Total shares of common stock repurchased	29.2		32.5
Aggregate common stock repurchases	$	1,696	$	1,900

158

intangibles); internal capital generation; and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables; may be executed through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, or utilizing Rule 10b5-1 programs; and may be suspended at any time.

Shares repurchased pursuant to the common equity repurchase program during the three months ended March 31, 2016 , were as follows.



Three months ended March 31, 2016	Total shares of common stock repurchased	Average price paid per share of common stock ^(a)		Aggregate repurchases of common equity (in millions) ^(a)		Dollar value of remaining authorized repurchase (in millions) ^(a)
January	14,182,267	$	58.36	$	828	$	1,886
February	8,054,838	56.66		456		1,430
March	6,916,783	59.54		412		2,898		^(b)
First quarter	29,153,888	$	58.17	$	1,696	$	2,898	^(b)


(a)	Excludes commissions cost.


(b)	Dollar value remaining under the repurchase program including the additional $1.9 billion authorized by the Board of Directors on March 17, 2016.

Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 5 Other Information

None.

Item 6 Exhibits



4.1	Indenture, dated as of February 19, 2016, among JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a)(7) to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC (File No. 333-209682) filed February 24, 2016).
15	Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information ^(a)
31.1	Certification ^(a)
31.2	Certification ^(a)
32	Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ^(b)
101.INS XBRL	Instance Document ^(a)(c)
101.SCH XBRL	Taxonomy Extension Schema Document ^(a)
101.CAL XBRL	Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document ^(a)
101.LAB XBRL	Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document ^(a)
101.PRE XBRL	Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document ^(a)
101.DEF XBRL	Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document ^(a)


(a)	Filed herewith.


(b)	Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

(c)

Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, includes the following financial information included in the Firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016 , formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) interactive data files: (i) the Consolidated statements of income (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , (ii) the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , (iii) the Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) as of March 31, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , (iv) the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , (v) the Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

159

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

(Registrant)



By:	/s/ Mark W. O’Donovan
	Mark W. O’Donovan
	Managing Director and Corporate Controller
	(Principal Accounting Officer)



Date:	April 29, 2016

160

INDEX TO EXHIBITS



Exhibit No.		Description of Exhibit

4.1		Indenture, dated as of February 19, 2016, among JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a)(7) to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC (File No. 333-209682) filed February 24, 2016).

15		Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information

31.1		Certification

31.2		Certification

32		Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002†

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

†		This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

161

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item 1A: Risk Factors in The Firm S Annual Report on Form 10-k For The Year Ended December 31, 2015 Note 1 Basis Of Presentation Note 2 Business Changes There Were No Material Business Changes During The First Quarter Of 2016 Note 2 Business Changes Note 3 Fair Value Measurement Note 4 Fair Value Option Note 5 Derivative Instruments Note 6 Noninterest Revenue Note 7 Interest Income and Interest Expense Note 8 Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans Note 9 Employee Stock-based Incentives Note 10 Noninterest Expense Note 11 Securities Note 12 Securities Financing Activities Note 13 Loans Note 14 Allowance For Credit Losses Note 15 Variable Interest Entities Note 16 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Note 17 Deposits Note 18 Earnings Per Share Note 19 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(loss)Note 20 Regulatory Capital Note 21 Off Balance Sheet Lending-related Financial Instruments, Guarantees, and Other Commitments Note 22 Pledged Assets and Collateral Note 23 Litigation Note 24 Business Segments Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4 Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1 Legal Proceedings Item 1A Risk Factors Item 2 Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities None. Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosure Not Applicable. Item 5 Other Information None Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosure Item 5 Other Information Item 6 Exhibits

Customer name	Ticker
American Express Company	AXP
Bank of America Corporation	BAC
Capital One Financial Corporation	COF
Citigroup Inc.	C
Granite Construction Incorporated	GVA
MGIC Investment Corporation	MTG
Mr. Cooper Group Inc.	COOP

Supplier name	Ticker
Visa Inc.	V
Mastercard Incorporated	MA
Bank of America Corporation	BAC
Citigroup Inc.	C
Canaan Inc.	CAN
Adobe Inc.	ADBE
Cisco Systems, Inc.	CSCO
Oracle Corporation	ORCL
International Business Machines Corporation	IBM

OTC and OTC-cleared derivative payables containing downgrade triggers

(in millions)

March 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

Aggregate fair value of net derivative payables

Collateral posted