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☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended
September 30, 2022
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File No.
001-38081
LIBERTY ENERGY INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware
81-4891595
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
950 17th Street
,
Suite 2400
Denver
,
Colorado
80202
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)
(
303
)
515-2800
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01
LBRT
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒
Yes
☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒
Yes
☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):
☐
Yes ☒ No
As of October 18, 2022, the registrant had
182,158,820
shares of Class A Common Stock and
325,902
shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding.
Our Class A Common Stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “LBRT.” There is no public market for our Class B Common Stock.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) and certain other communications made by us contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including, among others, statements about our expected growth from recent acquisitions such as the PropX Acquisition (as defined below), expected performance, future operating results, oil and natural gas demand and prices and the outlook for the oil and gas industry, future global economic conditions, the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the impacts of the novel strain of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, improvements in operating procedures and technology, our business strategy and the business strategies of our customers, in addition to other estimates, and beliefs. For this purpose, any statement that is not a statement of historical fact should be considered a forward-looking statement. We may use the words “estimate,” “outlook,” “project,” “position,” “potential,” “likely,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “achievable,” “anticipate,” “may,” “will,” “continue,” “should,” “could” and similar expressions to help identify forward-looking statements. However, the absence of these words does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking. We cannot assure you that our assumptions and expectations will prove to be correct. Important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated or implied by forward-looking statements, including but not limited to the risks described in this Quarterly Report and other filings that we make with the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). We undertake no intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by law, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise and readers should not rely on the forward-looking statements as representing the Company’s views as of any date subsequent to the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current belief, based on currently available information, as to the outcome and timing of future events.
All forward-looking statements, expressed or implied, included in this Quarterly Report are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue.
Accounts receivable—trade, net of allowances for credit losses of $
884
and $
884
, respectively
480,714
298,531
Accounts receivable—related party
10,307
—
Unbilled revenue (including amounts from related parties of $
26,119
and $
0
, respectively)
200,144
108,923
Inventories
185,647
134,593
Prepaid and other current assets
95,204
68,332
Total current assets
996,061
630,377
Property and equipment, net
1,295,189
1,199,287
Finance lease right-of-use assets
31,812
18,201
Operating lease right-of-use assets
103,165
109,899
Other assets
98,669
82,289
Deferred tax assets
262
607
Total assets
$
2,525,158
$
2,040,660
Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable (including payables to related parties of $
3,807
and $
2,732
, respectively)
$
378,480
$
288,801
Accrued liabilities (including amounts due to related parties of $
1,121
and $
1,142
, respectively)
286,504
235,115
Deferred revenue
976
4,552
Current portion of long-term debt, net of discount of $
734
and $
743
, respectively
1,016
1,007
Current portion of finance lease liabilities
8,694
8,743
Current portion of operating lease liabilities
29,187
31,029
Total current liabilities
704,857
569,247
Long-term debt, net of discount of $
721
and $
1,270
, respectively, less current portion
252,682
121,445
Deferred tax liability
563
563
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreements
70,788
37,555
Noncurrent portion of finance lease liabilities
15,862
4,445
Noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities
72,968
76,966
Total liabilities
1,117,720
810,221
Commitments & contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, $
0.01
par value,
10,000
shares authorized and
none
issued and outstanding
—
—
Common Stock:
Class A, $
0.01
par value,
400,000,000
shares authorized and
182,158,820
issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and
183,385,111
issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021
1,822
1,834
Class B, $
0.01
par value,
400,000,000
shares authorized and
325,902
issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and
2,632,347
issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021
3
26
Additional paid in capital
1,320,731
1,367,642
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
90,779
(
155,954
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(
8,595
)
(
306
)
Total stockholders’ equity
1,404,740
1,213,242
Non-controlling interest
2,698
17,197
Total equity
1,407,438
1,230,439
Total liabilities and equity
2,525,158
2,040,660
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1—
Organization and Basis of Presentation
Organization
Liberty Energy Inc., formerly known as Liberty Oilfield Services Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on December 21, 2016, to become a holding corporation for Liberty Oilfield Services New HoldCo LLC (“Liberty LLC”) and its subsidiaries upon completion of a corporate reorganization (the “Corporate Reorganization”) and planned initial public offering of the Company (“IPO”). On April 19, 2022, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation for the purpose of changing the Company’s name from “Liberty Oilfield Services Inc.” to “Liberty Energy Inc.” and thereafter, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to reflect the new name, effective April 25, 2022. The Company has no material assets other than its ownership of units in Liberty LLC (“Liberty LLC Units”). Please refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on February 22, 2022 (the “Annual Report”) for additional information on the Corporate Reorganization and IPO that were completed on January 17, 2018.
The Company, together with its subsidiaries, is a leading integrated oilfield services and technology company focused on providing innovative hydraulic fracturing services and related technologies to onshore oil and natural gas exploration and production (“E&P”) companies in North America. We offer customers hydraulic fracturing services, together with complementary services including wireline services, proppant delivery solutions, data analytics, related goods (including our sand mine operations), and technologies that will facilitate lower emission completions, thereby helping our customers reduce their emissions profile.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all information or notes required by GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read together with the annual financial statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes present the condensed consolidated financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and the results of operations, cash flows, and changes in equity of the Company as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The interim data includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations expected for the entire fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Further, these estimates and other factors, including those outside the Company’s control, such as the impact of sustained lower commodity prices, could have a significant adverse impact to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
All intercompany amounts have been eliminated in the presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company. The Company’s operations are organized into a single reportable segment, which consists of hydraulic fracturing and related goods and services.
Note 2—
Significant Accounting Policies
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified from interest income to interest expense, net in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operation to conform to the presentation of the current period financial statements. Additionally, amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified from provision for credit losses to other non-cash (income) expense, net in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows to conform to the presentation of the current period financial statements. These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported net income or loss.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 3—
The PropX Acquisition
On October 26, 2021, the Company entered into the certain Unit Purchase Agreement (the “Transaction Agreement”) with Proppant Express Investments, LLC to acquire the assets and liabilities of Proppant Express Solutions, LLC (“PropX”), which provides last-mile proppant delivery solutions, including proppant handling equipment and logistics software across North America (the “PropX Acquisition”). PropX was acquired in exchange for $
11.9
million in cash and
3,405,526
shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, par value $
0.01
per share (the “Class A Common Stock”) and
2,441,010
shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, par value $
0.01
per share (the “Class B Common Stock”, and together with the Class A Common Stock, the “Common Stock”), for total consideration of $
103.0
million based on the October 26, 2021 closing price of Class A Common Stock of $
15.58
. In connection with the issuance of
2,441,010
shares of Class B Common Stock, Liberty LLC also issued
2,441,010
Liberty LLC Units to the Company. The Liberty LLC Units are redeemable for an equivalent number of shares of Class A Common Stock at any time, at the election of the shareholder.
The Company accounted for the PropX Acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting. The aggregate purchase price noted above was allocated to the major categories of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair value at the date of the acquisition. The estimated fair values of certain assets and liabilities require significant judgments and estimates. The majority of the measurements of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, are based on inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represent Level 3 inputs.
In accordance with ASC Topic 805, an acquirer is allowed a period, referred to as the measurement period, in which to complete its accounting for the transaction. Such measurement period ends at the earliest date that the acquirer a) receives the information necessary or b) determines that it cannot obtain further information, and such period may not exceed one year. As the PropX Acquisition closed on October 26, 2021 the Company completed the purchase price allocation, particularly as it relates to current assets and current liabilities, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the consideration transferred in the PropX Acquisition and the allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of October 26, 2021, the date of the closing of the PropX Acquisition:
($ in thousands)
Total Purchase Consideration:
Consideration
$
103,023
Cash and cash equivalents
$
53
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue
4,089
Inventory
8
Prepaid and other current assets
1,722
Property and equipment
(1)
94,137
Intangible assets (included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021)
(2)
7,100
Total identifiable assets acquired
107,109
Accounts payable
2,152
Accrued liabilities
1,934
Total liabilities assumed
4,086
Total purchase consideration
$
103,023
(1)
Useful lives average of
10
years, see Note 5—Property and Equipment
(2)
Definite lived intangibles with an amortization period ranging from
seven
to
10
years
Transaction costs, costs associated with issuing additional equity and integration costs were recognized separately from the acquisition of assets and assumptions of liabilities in the PropX Acquisition. Transaction costs consist of legal and professional fees. Integration costs consist of expenses incurred to integrate PropX’s operations, aligning accounting processes and procedures, and integrating its enterprise resource planning system with those of the Company. Merger and integration costs are expensed as incurred, and equity offering costs were recorded as a reduction to additional paid in capital.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 do not include any results from PropX operations as the PropX Acquisition closed on October 26, 2021. The Company does not present pro forma financial information for the periods prior to the PropX Acquisition as such information, after elimination of PropX’s historical transactions with the Company, is not materially different than the results presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Note 4—
Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
September 30,
December 31,
($ in thousands)
2022
2021
Proppants
$
31,156
$
23,413
Chemicals
20,139
17,996
Maintenance parts
134,352
93,184
$
185,647
$
134,593
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the lower of cost or net realizable value analysis resulted in the Company recording a write-down to the inventory carrying value of $
1.7
million. The Company did
not
record any write-down to the inventory carrying value during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Note 5—
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consist of the following:
Estimated
useful lives
(in years)
September 30,
December 31,
($ in thousands)
2022
2021
Land
N/A
$
29,384
$
33,812
Field services equipment
2
-
7
1,817,333
1,579,420
Vehicles
4
-
7
61,674
61,282
Lease Equipment
10
90,897
64,770
Buildings and facilities
5
-
30
133,607
148,555
Mineral reserves
>
25
76,823
76,823
Office equipment and furniture
2
-
7
8,826
8,218
2,218,544
1,972,880
Less accumulated depreciation and depletion
(
1,073,092
)
(
863,194
)
1,145,452
1,109,686
Construction in-progress
N/A
149,737
89,601
$
1,295,189
$
1,199,287
Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was
$
77.5
million
and $
61.1
million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized depreciation expense of $
219.9
million and $
175.9
million, respectively. Depletion expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021was $
0.3
million and $
0.3
million, respectively. Depletion expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $
0.9
million and $
1.0
million, respectively.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company concluded that no triggering events that could indicate possible impairment of property and equipment had occurred, other than related to the assets held for sale discussed below.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company classified $
2.5
million of land and $
11.4
million of buildings, net of accumulated depreciation, of
two
properties that it intends to sell within the next year, and that meets the held for sale criteria, to assets held for sale, included in prepaid and other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company estimates that the carrying value of the assets were greater than the fair value less the estimated costs to sell, and therefore recorded a $
2.7
million loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, included as a component of gain on disposal of assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 6—
Leases
The Company has operating and finance leases primarily for vehicles, equipment, railcars, office space, and facilities. The terms and conditions for these leases vary by the type of underlying asset.
Certain leases include variable lease payments for items such as property taxes, insurance, maintenance, and other operating expenses associated with leased assets. Payments that vary based on an index or rate are included in the measurement of lease assets and liabilities at the rate as of the commencement date. All other variable lease payments are excluded from the measurement of lease assets and liabilities, and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.
The components of lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
2022
2021
2022
2021
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets
$
1,590
$
1,213
$
3,796
$
4,565
Interest on lease liabilities
453
347
1,066
1,318
Operating lease cost
10,675
12,869
32,809
29,702
Variable lease cost
1,337
1,273
3,473
3,116
Short-term lease costs
2,121
1,479
5,113
3,483
Total lease cost
$
16,176
$
17,181
$
46,257
$
42,184
Sup
plemental cash flow and other information related to leases for the
three and nine
months ended September 30, 2022
and 2021
were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
2022
2021
2022
2021
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
Operating leases
$
10,170
$
12,136
$
32,065
$
27,420
Finance leases
2,548
2,064
5,857
7,099
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company amended certain operating leases, the change in terms of which caused the leases to be reclassified as finance leases. In connection with the amendments, the Company wrote-off operating lease right-of-use assets of $
0.2
million and liabilities of $
0.1
million. Additionally, the Company recognized finance lease right-of-use assets of $
2.7
million and liabilities of $
2.7
million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company amended certain finance leases, the change in terms of which caused the leases to be reclassified to operating leases. In connection with the amendments the Company wrote-off finance lease right-of-use assets of $
13.7
million and liabilities of $
10.6
million. Additionally, the Company recognized operating lease right-of-use assets of $
11.8
million and liabilities of $
8.8
million. There was no gain or loss recognized as a result of these amendments.
Lease terms and discount rates as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:
September 30, 2022
December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases
4.9
years
5.2
years
Finance leases
3.0
years
1.5
years
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases
4.5
%
4.2
%
Finance leases
8.0
%
8.6
%
Future minimum lease commitments as of September 30, 2022 are as follows:
($ in thousands)
Finance
Operating
Remainder of 2022
$
2,204
$
9,330
2023
9,610
30,228
2024
4,799
23,758
2025
4,910
21,430
2026
6,709
10,384
Thereafter
—
19,074
Total lease payments
28,232
114,204
Less imputed interest
(
3,676
)
(
12,049
)
Total Liability
$
24,556
$
102,155
The Company’s vehicle leases typically include a residual value guarantee. For the Company’s vehicle leases classified as operating leases, the total residual value guaranteed as of
September 30, 2022
is $
12.9
million; the payment is not probable and therefore has not been included in the measurement of the lease liability and right-of-use asset. For vehicle leases that are classified as finance leases, the Company includes the residual value guarantee, estimated in the lease agreement, in the financing lease liability.
Lessor Arrangements
The Company leases dry and wet sand containers and conveyor belts to customers through PropX. PropX leases to customers through operating leases, where the lessor for tax purposes is considered to be the owner of the equipment during the term of the lease. The lease agreements do not include options for the lessee to purchase the underlying asset at the end of the lease term for either a stated fixed price or fair market value. However, some of the leases contain a termination clause in which the customer can cancel the contract. The leases can be subject to variable lease payments if the customer requests more units than what is agreed upon in the lease. The Company does not record any lease assets or liabilities related to these variable items.
The carrying amount of equipment leased to others, included in property, plant and equipment, under operating leases as of
September 30, 2022
and December 31, 2021 were as follows:
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
($ in thousands)
September 30, 2022
December 31, 2021
Equipment leased to others - at original cost
$
90,897
$
64,770
Less: Accumulated depreciation
(
8,288
)
(
1,377
)
Equipment leased to others - net
$
82,609
$
63,393
Future payments receivable for operating leases commenced and committed but not delivered as of
September 30, 2022
are as follows:
($ in thousands)
Remainder of 2022
$
4,126
2023
16,704
2024
9,218
2025
1,051
2026
—
Thereafter
—
Total
$
31,099
Revenues from operating leases for the three and nine months ended
September 30, 2022
were $
6.7
million and $
18.4
million, respectively. There was
no
revenue from operating leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Note 7—
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following:
($ in thousands)
September 30, 2022
December 31, 2021
Accrued vendor invoices
$
116,859
$
109,903
Operations accruals
93,979
64,707
Accrued benefits and other
75,666
60,505
$
286,504
$
235,115
Note 8—
Debt
Debt consists of the following:
September 30,
December 31,
($ in thousands)
2022
2021
Term Loan outstanding
$
105,153
$
106,465
Revolving Line of Credit
150,000
18,000
Deferred financing costs and original issue discount
(
1,455
)
(
2,013
)
Total debt, net of deferred financing costs and original issue discount
$
253,698
$
122,452
Current portion of long-term debt, net of discount
$
1,016
$
1,007
Long-term debt, net of discount and current portion
252,682
121,445
Total debt, net of deferred financing costs and original issue discount
$
253,698
$
122,452
On September 19, 2017, the Company entered into
two
credit agreements, a revolving line of credit up to $
250.0
million, subsequently increased to $
425.0
million, see below, (the “ABL Facility”) and a $
175.0
million term loan (the “Term Loan Facility”, and together with the ABL Facility the “Credit Facilities”).
On July 18, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the ABL Facility (the “Seventh ABL Amendment”). The Seventh ABL Amendment amended certain terms, provisions and covenants of the ABL Facility, including among other things: (i) increasing the maximum borrowing amount by $
75.0
million to $
425.0
million, subject to certain borrowing base limitations
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
based on percentage of eligible accounts receivable and inventory, (ii) modifying certain covenant and reporting-related baskets, and (iii) replacing LIBOR with the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) as the interest rate benchmark.
On August 12, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the Term Loan Facility (the “Sixth Term Loan Amendment”). The Sixth Term Loan Amendment amended certain terms, provisions and covenants of the Term Loan Facility, including among other things: (i) a waiver of the fixed charge coverage ratio requirements for up to $
100.0
million of restricted payments made in connection with the Company’s 2022 stock repurchase program for its common stock; (ii) the addition of a minimum liquidity requirement of $
150.0
million in order to make selected restricted payments, including those made under the 2022 stock repurchase program; (iii) the modification of certain covenant and reporting-related terms, including an increase in the allowance for permitted purchase money indebtedness from $
50.0
million to $
70.0
million; (iv) the addition of a prepayment premium of
1.0
% through the first anniversary of the Sixth Term Loan Amendment effective date; and (v) the addition and modification of several provisions to replace LIBOR with SOFR as the interest rate benchmark.
The weighted average interest rate on all borrowings outstanding as of
September 30, 2022
and December 31, 2021 was
7.0
% and
7.9
%, respectively.
ABL Facility
Under the terms of the ABL Facility, up to $
425.0
million may be borrowed, subject to certain borrowing base limitations based on a percentage of eligible accounts receivable and inventory. As of September 30, 2022, the borrowing base was calculated to be $
425.0
million, and the Company had $
150.0
million outstanding in addition to a letter of credit in the amount of $
1.4
million, with $
273.6
million of remaining availability. Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest at SOFR or a base rate, plus an applicable SOFR margin of
1.5
% to
2
% or base rate margin of
0.5
% to
1
%, as defined in the ABL Facility credit agreement. Additionally, borrowings as of
September 30, 2022 incurred interest at a weighted average rate of
4.8
%.
The average monthly unused commitment is subject to an unused commitment fee of
0.25
% to
0.375
%. Interest and fees are payable in arrears at the end of each month, or, in the case of SOFR loans, at the end of each interest period. The ABL Facility matures on the earlier of (i) October 22, 2026 and (ii) to the extent the debt under the Term Loan Facility remains outstanding,
90
days prior to the final maturity of the Term Loan Facility, which matures on September 19, 2024. Borrowings under the ABL Facility are collateralized by accounts receivable and inventory, and further secured by the Company, Liberty LLC, and R/C IV Non-U.S. LOS Corp., a Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of the Company, as parent guarantors.
Term Loan Facility
The Term Loan Facility provides for a $
175.0
million term loan, of which $
105.2
million remained outstanding as of September 30, 2022. Amounts outstanding bear interest at SOFR or a base rate, plus an applicable margin of
7.625
% or
6.625
%, respectively, and borrowings as of September 30, 2022 incurred interest at a rate of
10.18
%. The Company is required to make quarterly principal payments of
1
% per annum of the outstanding principal balance, commencing on December 31, 2017, with final payment due at maturity on September 19, 2024. The Term Loan Facility is collateralized by the fixed assets of LOS and its subsidiaries, and is further secured by the Company, Liberty LLC, and R/C IV Non-U.S. LOS Corp., a Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of the Company, as parent guarantors.
The Credit Facilities include certain non-financial covenants, including but not limited to restrictions on incurring additional debt and certain distributions. Moreover, the ability of the Company to incur additional debt and to make distributions is dependent on maintaining a maximum leverage ratio. The Term Loan Facility requires mandatory prepayments upon certain dispositions of property or issuance of other indebtedness, as defined, and annually a percentage of excess cash flow (
25
% to
50
%, depending on leverage ratio, of consolidated net income less capital expenditures and other permitted payments, commencing with the year ending December 31, 2018). Certain mandatory prepayments and optional prepayments are subject to a prepayment premium of
1
% of the prepaid principal declining to
0
% after the first anniversary of the Sixth Term Loan Amendment effective date.
The Credit Facilities are not subject to financial covenants unless liquidity, as defined in the respective credit agreements, drops below a specific level. Under the ABL Facility, the Company is required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined in the credit agreement governing the ABL Facility, of
1.0
to 1.0 for each period if excess availability is less than
10
% of the borrowing base or $
12.5
million, whichever is greater. Under the Term Loan Facility, the Company is required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined, of
1.2
to 1.0 for each trailing twelve-month period if the Company’s liquidity, as defined, is less than $
25.0
million for at least
five
consecutive business days.
The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of September 30, 2022.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Maturities of debt are as follows:
($ in thousands)
Remainder of 2022
$
438
2023
$
1,750
2024
$
252,965
2025
$
—
2026
$
—
$
255,153
Note 9—
Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments
The fair values of the Company’s assets and liabilities represent the amounts that would be received to sell those assets or that would be paid to transfer those liabilities in an orderly transaction on the reporting date. These fair value measurements maximize the use of observable inputs. However, in situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability on the measurement date, the fair value measurement reflects the Company’s own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company discloses the fair values of its assets and liabilities according to the quality of valuation inputs under the following hierarchy:
•
Level 1 Inputs: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in an active market for identical assets or liabilities.
•
Level 2 Inputs: Inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable.
•
Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value of assets or liabilities.
The classification of an asset or liability is based on the lowest level of input significant to its fair value. Those that are initially classified as Level 3 are subsequently reported as Level 2 when the fair value derived from unobservable inputs is inconsequential to the overall fair value, or if corroborating market data becomes available. Assets and liabilities that are initially reported as Level 2 are subsequently reported as Level 3 if corroborating market data is no longer available. Transfers occur at the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers into or out of Levels 1, 2, and 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, long-term debt, and finance and operating lease obligations. These financial instruments do not require disclosure by level. The carrying values of all of the Company’s financial instruments included in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets approximated or equaled their fair values on September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
•
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable (including accrued liabilities) approximated fair value on September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, due to their short-term nature.
•
The carrying value of amounts outstanding under long-term debt agreements with variable rates approximated fair value on September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, as the effective interest rates approximated market rates.
Nonrecurring Measurements
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These items are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but may be subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. These assets and liabilities include those acquired through the PropX Acquisition, which are required to be measured at fair value on the acquisition date in accordance with
ASC Topic 805
. See Note 3—The PropX Acquisition.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $
2.5
million of land and $
11.4
million of buildings of
two
properties that met the held for sale criteria, to assets held for sale at a total fair value of $
11.2
million, which are included in prepaid and other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company estimated the fair value of the properties based on a purchase and sale agreement and a communicated selling price, which are Level 3 inputs.
Recurring Measurements
The fair values of the Company’s cash equivalents measured on a recurring basis pursuant to ASC 820-10
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
are carried at estimated fair value. Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts which the Company has classified as Level 1 given the active market for these accounts. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had cash equivalents, measured at fair value, of $
0.3
million and $
0.3
million, respectively.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Nonfinancial assets
The Company estimates fair value to perform impairment tests as required on long-lived assets. The inputs used to determine such fair value are primarily based upon internally developed cash flow models and would generally be classified within Level 3 in the event that such assets were required to be measured and recorded at fair value within the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. No such measurements were required as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 as no triggering event was identified.
Credit Risk
The Company’s financial instruments exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables.
The Company’s cash and cash equivalent balances on deposit with financial institutions total
$
24.0
million
and $
20.0
million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which exceeded FDIC insured limits. The Company regularly monitors these institutions’ financial condition.
The majority of the Company’s customers have payment terms of
45
days or less.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, customer A accounted for
10.5
% and
11.8
%, respectively, of total consolidated accounts receivable and unbilled revenue. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021,
no
customers accounted for 10% of consolidated revenues.
The Company mitigates the associated credit risk by performing credit evaluations and monitoring the payment patterns of its customers.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $
0.9
million in allowance for credit losses as follows:
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 10—
Equity
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted pursuant to the Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”), if they vest, will be settled in shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. RSUs were granted with vesting terms up to
five years
.
Changes in non-vested RSUs outstanding under the LTIP during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows:
Number of Units
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Unit
Non-vested as of December 31, 2021
2,741,061
$
11.04
Granted
1,726,959
12.90
Vested
(
1,350,246
)
11.00
Forfeited
(
103,539
)
10.23
Outstanding at September 30, 2022
3,014,235
$
12.15
Performance Restricted Stock Units
Performance restricted stock units (“PSUs”) granted pursuant to the LTIP, if they vest, will be settled in shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. PSUs were granted with a
three year
cliff vesting schedule, subject to a performance target compared to an index of competitors
’
results over the
three year
period as designated in the award. The Company records compensation expense based on the Company’s best estimate of the number of PSUs that will vest at the end of the performance period. If such performance targets are not met, or are not expected to be met, no compensation expense is recognized and any recognized compensation expense is reversed.
Changes in non-vested PSUs outstanding under the LTIP during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows:
Number of Units
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Unit
Non-vested as of December 31, 2021
1,306,945
$
12.45
Granted
412,920
12.47
Vested
(
329,277
)
14.93
Forfeited
—
—
Outstanding at September 30, 2022
1,390,588
$
11.87
Stock-based compensation is included in cost of services and general and administrative expenses in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of
$
6.1
million
and $
17.1
million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized stock-based compensation of $
4.2
million and $
15.1
million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. There was approximately
$
36.2
million
of unrecognized compensation expense relating to outstanding RSUs and PSUs as of September 30, 2022. The unrecognized compensation expense will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the weighted average remaining vesting period of
two years
.
Dividends
On April 2, 2020, the Company suspended future quarterly dividends until business conditions warrant reinstatement. As of September 30, 2022 dividends had not been reinstated by the Company. Subsequent to quarter end, the Company reinstated a quarterly dividend of $
0.05
per share of Class A Common Stock, refer to Note 17—Subsequent Events for more information.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $
0.1
million and $
0.2
million of dividends payable related to RSUs to be paid upon vesting, respectively. Dividends related to forfeited RSUs will be forfeited.
Share Repurchase Program
On July 25, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized and the Company announced a share repurchase program that allows the Company to repurchase up to $
250.0
million of the Company’s Class A Common Stock beginning immediately and continuing through and including July 31, 2024. The shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market or
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
privately negotiated transactions or by other means in accordance with applicable state and federal securities laws. The timing, as well as the number and value of shares repurchased under the program, will be determined by the Company at its discretion and will depend on a variety of factors, including management’s assessment of the intrinsic value of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, the market price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, general market and economic conditions, available liquidity, compliance with the Company’s debt and other agreements, applicable legal requirements, and other considerations. The exact number of shares to be repurchased by the Company is not guaranteed, and the program may be suspended, modified, or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The Company expects to fund the repurchases by using cash on hand, borrowings under its revolving credit facility and expected free cash flow to be generated through July 2024.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Liberty LLC purchased and retired
4,702,166
LLC Units from the Company for $
70.1
million, and the Company repurchased and retired
4,702,166
shares of Class A Common Stock for $
70.1
million or $
14.91
average price per share including commissions, under the share repurchase program.
As of September 30, 2022, $
180.0
million remained authorized for future repurchases of Class A Common Stock under the share repurchase program.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 11—
Net Income (Loss) per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share measures the performance of an entity over the reporting period. Diluted net income (loss) per share measures the performance of an entity over the reporting period while giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the period. The Company uses the “if-converted” method to determine the potential dilutive effect of its Class B Common Stock and the treasury stock method to determine the potential dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock and RSUs.
The following table reflects the allocation of net income (loss) to common stockholders and net loss per share computations for the periods indicated based on a weighted average number of common stock outstanding:
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2021
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2021
Basic Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to Liberty Energy Inc. stockholders
$
146,953
$
(
38,890
)
$
246,733
$
(
123,655
)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
185,508
178,311
185,414
171,402
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Liberty Energy Inc. stockholders
$
0.79
$
(
0.22
)
$
1.33
$
(
0.72
)
Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to Liberty Energy Inc. stockholders
$
146,953
$
(
38,890
)
$
246,733
$
(
123,655
)
Effect of exchange of the shares of Class B Common Stock for shares of Class A Common Stock
258
—
389
—
Diluted net income (loss) attributable to Liberty Energy Inc. stockholders
$
147,211
$
(
38,890
)
$
247,122
$
(
123,655
)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
185,508
178,311
185,414
171,402
Effect of dilutive securities:
Restricted stock units
326
—
910
—
Class B Common Stock
4,073
—
4,141
—
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
189,907
178,311
190,465
171,402
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Liberty Energy Inc. stockholders
$
0.78
$
(
0.22
)
$
1.30
$
(
0.72
)
In accordance with GAAP, diluted weighted average common shares presented above do not include certain weighted average shares of Class B Common Stock and restricted stock units, because to do so would have had an antidilutive effect, as follows:
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2021
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2021
Weighted average shares of Class B Common Stock
—
1,860
—
8,558
Weighted average shares of restricted stock units
—
3,256
—
3,470
Note 12—
Income Taxes
The Company is a corporation and is subject to taxation in the United States, Canada and various state, local and provincial jurisdictions. Liberty LLC is treated as a partnership, and its income is passed through to its owners for income tax purposes. Liberty LLC’s members, including the Company, are liable for federal, state and local income taxes based on their share of Liberty LLC’s pass-through taxable income.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The Company may distribute cash from foreign subsidiaries to its U.S. parent as business needs arise. The Company has not provided for deferred income taxes on the undistributed earnings from certain foreign subsidiaries, as such earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. If such earnings were to be distributed, any income and/or withholding tax would not be significant.
The effective global income tax rate applicable to the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was
1.5
%, compared to (
7.8
)%, for the period ended September 30, 2021. The Company’s effective tax rate is less than the statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0% due to the Company’s full valuation allowance on its U.S. net deferred tax assets while calculating income tax expense on Canada operations that are not subject to a valuation allowance. The Company’s effective tax rate is also less than the statutory rate because of the non-controlling interest’s share of Liberty LLC’s pass-through results for federal, state and local income tax reporting, upon which no taxes are payable by the Company. The Company recognized an income tax expense of $
2.6
million and $
3.6
million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized an income tax expense of $
0.8
million and $
9.4
million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, which included the impact of recording a valuation allowance on a portion of the Company’s net deferred tax assets.
Per the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act enacted on March 27, 2020, net operating losses (“NOL”) incurred in 2019 and 2020 may be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes. The Company has applied for and expects to receive a NOL carryback refund to recover $
5.5
million of cash taxes paid by the Company in 2018. This amount has been reflected as a receivable in prepaids and other current assets line item in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The remaining deferred tax asset for net operating losses available for carryforward are presented net of the Company’s valuation allowance.
The Company recognized a deferred tax liability in the amount of $
0.6
million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company also recognized a deferred tax asset related to foreign jurisdictions in the amount of $
0.3
million and $
0.6
million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
The Company evaluated its deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2022 and considered both positive and negative evidence in applying the guidance of ASC 740
Income Taxes
(“ASC 740”) related to the realizability of its deferred tax assets. Consistent with the prior quarter, in accordance with ASC 740, the objective negative evidence of remaining in a three year cumulative pre-tax book loss position, primarily due to COVID-19 related losses, outweighed the consideration of the Company’s subjective positive evidence of expected future profitability in evaluating the realizability of its deferred tax assets.
The CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 (“CHIPS”) and the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) of 2022 were recently signed into law by President Biden on August 9, 2022 and August 16, 2022, respectively. The legislation introduces new options for monetizing certain credits, a corporate alternative minimum tax, and a stock repurchase excise tax. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of both CHIPS and IRA, but at present does not expect that any of the provisions included would result in a material impact to the Company’s deferred tax assets, liabilities, or income taxes payable.
Tax Receivable Agreements
In connection with the IPO, on January 17, 2018, the Company entered into
two
Tax Receivable Agreements (the “TRAs”) with R/C Energy IV Direct Partnership, L.P. and the then existing owners that continued to own Liberty LLC Units (each such person and any permitted transferee, a “TRA Holder” and together, the “TRA Holders”). The TRAs generally provide for the payment by the Company of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, and local income tax and franchise tax (computed using simplifying assumptions to address the impact of state and local taxes) that the Company actually realizes (or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances) in periods after the IPO as a result, as applicable to each TRA Holder, of (i) certain increases in tax basis that occur as a result of the Company’s acquisition (or deemed acquisition for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of all or a portion of such TRA Holder’s Liberty LLC Units in connection with the IPO or pursuant to the exercise of redemption or call rights, (ii) any net operating losses available to the Company as a result of the Corporate Reorganization, and (iii) imputed interest deemed to be paid by the Company as a result of, and additional tax basis arising from, any payments the Company makes under the TRAs.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, exchanges of Liberty LLC Units and shares of Class B Common Stock initially resulted in a net increase of $
6.5
million in deferred tax assets, and an increase of $
5.5
million, in amounts payable under the TRAs, all of which are subject to the valuation allowance and remeasurement of TRA liability discussed below, and which are recorded through equity. There were no redemptions of Liberty LLC units for the three months ended
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
September 30, 2022. In addition, the Company did not make any TRA payments for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company
’
s liability under the TRAs was $
70.8
million and $
37.6
million, respectively, all of which is presented as a component of long-term liabilities, and the related deferred tax asset totaled $
97.8
million and $
91.3
million, respectively, of which a valuation allowance on the net deferred tax asset has been recorded. The Company also remeasured the liability under the TRAs as of September 30, 2022 and recorded a loss on remeasurement of liabilities subject to the TRAs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 of $
33.2
million recorded as part of continuing operations. The increase in the liability under the TRA is primarily driven by increased pre-tax book earnings, current additions of property and equipment and amortization of expected tax benefits that are subject to the valuation allowance, which are expected to be realized in the foreseeable future.
Note 13—
Defined Contribution Plan
The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution retirement plan covering eligible employees. The Company has historically made matching contributions at a rate of $
1.00
for each $1.00 of employee contribution, subject to a cap of
6
% of the employee’s salary and federal limits. Contributions made by the Company wer
e $
6.8
million
and
$
5.4
million
for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $
18.8
million and $
13.3
million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Note 14—
Related Party Transactions
OneStim Acquisition and Related Transaction
On December 31, 2020 the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of Schlumberger Technology Corporation (“Schlumberger”) and Schlumberger Canada Limited OneStim® business (“OneStim”), which provides hydraulic fracturing pressure pumping services in onshore United States and Canada (the “OneStim Acquisition”). As of September 30, 2022 Schlumberger owned
23,069,461
shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company, or approximately
12.6
% of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock. In conjunction with closing the OneStim Acquisition, the Company entered into a transition services agreement with Schlumberger under which Schlumberger provides certain administrative transition services until the Company fully integrates the acquired business. The Company incurred $
0.0 million
and $
5.7
million of fees payable to Schlumberger for such transaction services during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
No
fees were incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
During 2021, a subsidiary of the Company and Schlumberger entered into a property swap agreement under which the Company exchanged with Schlumberger a property acquired in the OneStim Acquisition and $
4.9
million in cash for a separate property that the Company will utilize with its existing operations. The Company did not recognize any gain or loss on the transaction.
Following the OneStim Acquisition, in the normal course of business, the Company purchases chemicals, proppant and other equipment and maintenance parts from Schlumberger and its subsidiaries. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, total purchases from Schlumberger were approximately $
7.4
million and $
15.5
million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, total purchases from Schlumberger were approximately $
6.5
million and $
26.4
million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 amounts due to Schlumberger were $
3.8
million and $
1.1
million included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 amounts due to Schlumberger were $
2.7
million and $
1.1
million, included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, respectively, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Franklin Mountain Energy, LLC
Effective on June 15, 2021, Audrey Robertson was appointed to the board of directors of the Company. Ms. Robertson serves as the Chief Financial Officer of Franklin Mountain Energy, LLC (“Franklin Mountain”). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 the Company performed hydraulic fracturing services for Franklin Mountain in the amount of $
55.5
million or
4.7
% and $
79.0
million or
2.7
% of the Company’s revenues for such periods, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 the Company performed hydraulic fracturing services for Franklin Mountain in the amount of $
7.0
million or
1.1
% and $
7.0
million or
0.4
% of the Company’s revenues for such periods, respectively. Amounts included in unbilled revenue from Franklin Mountain as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $
26.1
million and $
0.0 million
, respectively. Receivables from Franklin Mountain as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $
0.0 million
.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Liberty Resources LLC
Liberty Resources LLC, an oil and gas exploration and production company, and its successor entity (collectively, the “Affiliate”) has certain common ownership and management with the Company. The amounts of the Company’s revenue related to hydraulic fracturing services provided to the Affiliate for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $
10.3
million and $
0.0 million
, respectively, and $
10.3
million and $
1.2
million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were $
10.3
million outstanding accounts receivable with the Affiliate.
PropX Acquisition
During 2016, Liberty Holdings entered into a future commitment to invest and become a non-controlling minority member in PropX, the provider of proppant logistics equipment. Effective October 26, 2021, the Company completed the purchase of all membership interest in PropX, refer to Note 3—PropX Acquisition for further discussion of the transaction. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, prior to the PropX Acquisition, the Company leased proppant logistics equipment from PropX for $
3.2
million and $
7.3
million, respectively.
R/C IV Liberty Big Box Holdings, L.P., a Riverstone Holdings LLC (“Riverstone”) fund and a former significant stockholder of the Company, held a greater than
10
% equity interest in PropX. Christopher Wright, the Chief Executive Officer, Michael Stock, the Chief Financial Officer and Ron Gusek, the President of the Company, held a less than
5
% equity interest in PropX through Big Box Proppant Investments LLC. Cary Steinbeck, a director of the Company, served on the PropX board of the directors and held a less than
5
% indirect equity interest in PropX. In addition, Brett Staffieri, a Riverstone appointed director, served on the board of the directors of the Company until June 15, 2021 and on the PropX board of directors until the acquisition date. The PropX Acquisition was reviewed and approved by the disinterested members of the Board and pursuant to the Company’s related party transactions policy.
Secondary Offering by Selling Stockholder
On April 29, 2022, the Company, Liberty LLC, Schlumberger, and BofA Securities, Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (together, the “Underwriters”), entered into an underwriting agreement, dated as of April 29, 2022, pursuant to which Schlumberger sold
14,500,000
shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $
15.50
per share to the Underwriters (the “Sale”). The Sale closed on May 3, 2022. Following the Sale, Schlumberger held
35,101,961
shares of Class A Common Stock. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the Sale.
Note 15—
Commitments & Contingencies
Purchase Commitments (tons and gallons are not in thousands)
The Company enters into purchase and supply agreements to secure supply and pricing of proppants, chemicals, and equipment. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the agreements commit the Company to purchas
e
1,664,421
and
89,317
tons, respectively, of proppant through March 31, 2024. Amounts below also include commitments to pay for transport fees on minimum amounts of proppants. Additionally, related proppant transload service commitments extend into 2023.
Future proppant, transload, equipment and mancamp commitments are as follows:
($ in thousands)
Remainder of 2022
$
44,491
2023
47,349
2024
4,200
2025
—
2026
—
Thereafter
—
$
96,040
Certain supply agreements contain a clause whereby in the event that the Company fails to purchase minimum volumes, as defined in the agreement, during a specific time period, a shortfall fee may apply. In circumstances where the Company does not make the minimum purchase required under the contract, the Company and its suppliers have a history of amending such minimum purchase contractual terms and in rare cases does the Company incur shortfall fees. If the Company were unable to make any of the minimum purchases and the Company and its suppliers cannot come to an agreement to avoid such fees, the Company could incur shortfall fees in the amounts of $
17.0
million, $
9.8
million, and $
0.7
million for the remainder of 2022
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
and the years ended 2023 and 2024, respectively. Based on forecasted levels of activity, the Company does not currently expect to incur significant shortfall fees.
Included in the commitments for the remainder of 2022 are $
8.5
million of payments expected to be made to Schlumberger, in conjunction with a permissive use agreement provided by Schlumberger, in the fourth quarter of 2022 for the use of certain light duty trucks, heavy tractors and field equipment used to various degrees in frac and wireline operations. The Company is in negotiations with the third-party owner of such equipment to lease or purchase some or all of such aforementioned vehicles and equipment, subject to agreement on terms and conditions. No gain or loss is expected upon consummation of any such agreement.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company is subject to legal and administrative proceedings, settlements, investigations, claims and actions. The Company’s assessment of the likely outcome of litigation matters is based on its judgment of a number of factors including experience with similar matters, past history, precedents, relevant financial and other evidence and facts specific to the matter. Notwithstanding the uncertainty as to the final outcome, based upon the information currently available, management does not believe any matters in aggregate will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations.
Note 16—
Selected Quarterly Financial Data
The following tables summarizes consolidated changes in equity for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:
Shares of Class A Common Stock
Shares of Class B Common Stock
Class A Common Stock, Par Value
Class B Common Stock, Par Value
Additional Paid in Capital
(Accumulated Deficit) Retained Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Total Stockholders
’
equity
Noncontrolling Interest
Total Equity
Balance—June 30, 2022
186,859
326
$
1,869
$
3
$
1,384,134
$
(
56,174
)
$
(
2,263
)
$
1,327,569
$
2,447
$
1,330,016
Offering Costs
—
—
—
—
485
—
—
485
—
485
Share repurchases
(
4,702
)
(
47
)
(
69,987
)
—
(
70,034
)
(
60
)
(
70,094
)
Stock-based compensation expense
6,100
—
—
6,100
12
6,112
Vesting of restricted stock units
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Tax withheld on vesting of restricted stock units
—
—
—
—
(
1
)
—
—
(
1
)
(
1
)
Currency translation adjustment
—
—
—
—
—
—
(
6,332
)
(
6,332
)
(
11
)
(
6,343
)
Net income
—
—
—
—
—
146,953
—
146,953
310
147,263
Balance—September 30, 2022
182,159
326
$
1,822
$
3
$
1,320,731
$
90,779
$
(
8,595
)
$
1,404,740
$
2,698
$
1,407,438
Shares of Class A Common Stock
Shares of Class B Common Stock
Class A Common Stock, Par Value
Class B Common Stock, Par Value
Additional Paid in Capital
Accumulated Deficit
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total Stockholders
’
equity
Noncontrolling Interest
Total Equity
Balance—June 30, 2021
178,310
$
1,860
$
1,783
$
19
$
1,274,031
$
(
61,475
)
$
2,454
$
1,216,812
$
12,622
$
1,229,434
Offering Costs
—
—
—
—
(
159
)
—
—
(
159
)
—
(
159
)
Stock-based compensation expense
—
—
—
—
4,201
—
—
4,201
44
4,245
Currency translation adjustment
—
—
—
—
—
—
(
2,263
)
(
2,263
)
(
24
)
(
2,287
)
Net loss
—
—
—
—
—
(
38,890
)
—
(
38,890
)
(
489
)
(
39,379
)
Balance—September 30, 2021
178,310
1,860
1,783
19
1,278,073
(
100,365
)
191
1,179,701
12,153
$
1,191,854
Note 17—
Subsequent Events
On October 18, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved a quarterly dividend of $
0.05
per share of Class A Common Stock, and a distribution of $
0.05
per Liberty LLC Unit, to be paid on December 20, 2022 to holders of record as of December 6, 2022. The Company will use the proceeds from the Liberty LLC distribution to pay the dividend.
No other significant subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 2. Management
’
s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs, and expected performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of risks and uncertainties, including those described in “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” the Annual Report under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and in “Part II – Other Information, Item 1A.–Risk Factors” included herein. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.
Overview
The Company, together with its subsidiaries, is a leading integrated oilfield services and technology company focused on providing innovative hydraulic fracturing services and related technologies to onshore oil and natural gas E&P companies in North America. We offer customers hydraulic fracturing services, together with complementary services including wireline services, proppant delivery solutions, data analytics, related goods (including our sand mine operations), and technologies that will facilitate lower emission completions, thereby helping our customers reduce their emissions profile. We have grown from one active hydraulic fracturing fleet in December 2011 to over 40 active fleets as of September 30, 2022. We provide our services primarily in the Permian Basin, the Eagle Ford Shale, the DJ Basin, the Williston Basin, the San Juan Basin, the Powder River Basin, the Haynesville Shale, the SCOOP/STACK, the Marcellus Shale, Utica Shale, and the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Additionally, we operate two sand mines in the Permian Basin.
On December 31, 2020, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of Schlumberger’s OneStim business, which provides hydraulic fracturing pressure pumping services in onshore United States and Canada, including its pressure pumping, pumpdown perforating and Permian frac sand business, in exchange for consideration resulting in a total of 66,326,134 shares of the Class A Common Stock being issued in connection with the OneStim Acquisition. As of October 18, 2022, Schlumberger owned 12.6% of the issued and outstanding shares of our Common Stock. The combined company delivers best-in-class completion services for the sustainable development of unconventional resource plays in the United States and Canada onshore markets.
On October 26, 2021, the Company acquired PropX in exchange for $11.9 million in cash and 3,405,526 shares of Class A Common Stock and 2,441,010 shares of Class B Common Stock, and 2,441,010 Liberty LLC Units, for total consideration of $103.0 million, based on the Class A Common Stock closing price of $15.58 on October 26, 2021, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The Liberty LLC Units are redeemable for an equivalent number of shares of Class A Common Stock at any time, at the election of the shareholder. Founded in 2016, PropX is a leading provider of last-mile proppant delivery solutions including proppant handling equipment and logistics software across North America. PropX offers innovative environmentally friendly technology with optimized dry and wet sand containers and wellsite proppant handling equipment that drive logistics efficiency and reduce noise and emissions. We believe that PropX wet sand handling technology is a key enabler of the next step of cost and emissions reductions in the proppant industry. PropX also offers customers the latest real-time logistics software, PropConnect, for sale or as hosted software as a service.
We believe technical innovation and strong relationships with our customer and supplier bases distinguish us from our competitors and are the foundations of our business. We expect that E&P companies will continue to focus on technological innovation as completion complexity and fracture intensity of horizontal wells increases, particularly as customers are increasingly focused on reducing emissions from their completions operations. We remain proactive in developing innovative solutions to industry challenges, including developing: (i) our databases of U.S. unconventional wells to which we apply our proprietary multi-variable statistical analysis technologies to provide differential insight into fracture design optimization; (ii) our Liberty Quiet Fleet® design which significantly reduces noise levels compared to conventional hydraulic fracturing fleets; (iii) hydraulic fracturing fluid systems tailored to the specific reservoir properties in the basins in which we operate; (iv) our dual fuel dynamic gas blending fleets that allow our engines to run diesel or a combination of diesel and natural gas, to optimize fuel use, reduce emissions and lower costs; (v) the successful test of digiFrac™, our innovative, purpose-built electric frac pump that has approximately 25% lower CO2e emission profile than the Tier IV DGB; and (vi) our PropX wet sand handling technology which eliminates the need to dry sand, enabling the deployment of mobile mines nearer to wellsites. In addition, our integrated supply chain includes proppant, chemicals, equipment, logistics and integrated software which we believe promotes wellsite efficiency and leads to more pumping hours and higher productivity throughout the year to better service our customers. In order to achieve our technological objectives, we carefully manage our liquidity and debt position to promote operational flexibility and invest in the business throughout the full commodity cycle in the regions we operate.
Current global macroeconomic concerns include rising interest rates, elevated inflation levels, and Chinese Covid lockdowns. Despite these headwinds, oil and gas markets remained tight in the third quarter. As we look ahead, risks to the delicate balance in oil and gas markets appear to come from both demand and supply.
With regards to demand, while a mild recession may modestly impact the global demand for energy, and may already be reflected in prices, a global economic downturn could result in increased demand destruction, further pressuring commodity prices.
At the same time, global supply risks are also present. OPEC+ preemptive cuts to production quotas may result in a decline in production from key producers including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Currently, Russian oil exports have been modestly curbed since the Ukraine invasion, however, impending sanctions on Russian seaborne crude could further lower global oil supplies. Low levels of spare production capacity, worldwide oil and gas commercial inventories, and global strategic petroleum reserves further exacerbate supply concerns.
Together, these factors may strengthen the demand for secure North American energy.
Today’s commodity prices continue to offer returns for E&P operators, even after the decline in oil and gas prices in recent months. The combination of capital discipline among many public operators and tight supply chains, particularly in the frac services market, have constrained activity levels to deliver only modest U.S. oil production growth. The limited capital being deployed is expected to be primarily directed towards the buildout of next generation frac fleet capacity at levels roughly sufficient to offset aging equipment with next generation fleets in demand. We believe that the current frac market is relatively tight with near full utilization of available capacity. Tight service supply has made service quality and reliability important for customers.
Given that we pride ourselves on both our service quality and fleet modernization program, these two factors may further strengthen Liberty’s competitive position.
During the third quarter of 2022, the posted WTI price traded at an average of $93.06 per barrel (“Bbl”), as compared to the third quarter of 2021 average of $70.58 per Bbl, and second quarter of 2022 average of $108.83 per Bbl. In addition, the average domestic onshore rig count for the United States and Canada was 942 rigs reported in the third quarter of 2022, up from the third quarter of 2021 of 634 and an increase from the second quarter of 2022 of 810, according to a report from Baker Hughes.
Three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to three months ended September 30, 2021
Three months ended September 30,
Description
2022
2021
Change
(in thousands)
Revenue
$
1,188,247
$
653,727
$
534,520
Cost of services, excluding depreciation, depletion, and amortization shown separately
874,453
593,683
280,770
General and administrative
50,473
32,281
18,192
Transaction, severance and other costs
1,767
1,556
211
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization
82,848
65,852
16,996
Gain on disposal of assets
(4,277)
(79)
(4,198)
Operating income (loss)
182,983
(39,566)
222,549
Other expense (income), net
33,148
(940)
34,088
Net income (loss) before income taxes
149,835
(38,626)
188,461
Income tax expense
2,572
753
1,819
Net income (loss)
147,263
(39,379)
186,642
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
310
(489)
799
Net income (loss) attributable to Liberty Energy Inc. stockholders
$
146,953
$
(38,890)
$
185,843
Revenue
Our revenue increased
$534.5 million
, or
81.8%
, to
$1.2 billion
for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $653.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in revenue is attributable to higher service pricing and an activity-driven increase in fleet utilization and efficiency commensurate with increased demand for hydraulic fracturing services.
Cost of Services
Cost of services (excluding depreciation, depletion, and amortization) increased
$280.8 million
, or
47.3%
, to
$874.5 million
for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $593.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in expense was primarily related to increases in materials and parts consumption and higher labor costs related to higher fleet utilization as well as ongoing inflationary increases impacting costs for materials, labor, and maintenance parts.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased
$18.2 million
, or
56.4%
, to
$50.5 million
for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $32.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily related to increases in performance-based variable compensation, labor cost inflation, and corporate costs related to increased activity.
Transaction, Severance and Other Costs
Transaction, severance and other costs of
$1.8 million
and
$1.6 million
for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, consist of integration cost, investment banking, legal, accounting, and other professional services provided in connection with the OneStim Acquisition and PropX Acquisition.
Depreciation, Depletion, and Amortization
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization expense increased
$17.0 million
, or
25.8%
, to
$82.8 million
for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $65.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in 2022 was due to additional equipment placed in service since the prior year period and additional depreciation from property acquired in the PropX Acquisition.
The Company recognized a gain on disposal of assets of $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily as a result of the sale of used field equipment and light duty trucks in a strong used vehicle and equipment market compared to a gain of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 due to miscellaneous equipment disposals. All disposals recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were in the normal course of business.
Operating Income (Loss)
The Company recorded operating income of $183.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to operating loss of $39.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, an increase in operating results of $222.5 million, or 562.5%. The increase in operating income is primarily due to the $534.5 million, or 81.8%, increase in total revenue only partially offset by a $312.0 million increase in total operating expenses, the significant components of which are discussed above.
Other Expense (Income), net
The Company recognized other expense of $33.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to other income of $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Other expense (income), net is comprised of loss (gain) on remeasurement of liability under the TRAs, gain on investments, and interest expense, net. The Company remeasured the liability under the TRAs resulting in a loss of $28.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to a gain of $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. A $2.5 million gain on investments was recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to no gain for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Additionally, interest expense, net increased $2.8 million as a result of increased borrowings under the credit facility along with higher interest rates.
Net Income (loss) before Income Taxes
The Company realized net income before income taxes of $149.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to net loss before income taxes of $38.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in income is primarily attributable to an increase in revenue, as discussed above, related to the increase in activity and service pricing.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense increased $1.8 million to $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, at an effective rate of 1.7%, compared to a tax expense of $0.8 million, at an effective rate of (1.9)%, recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in income tax expense is primarily attributable to the increase in Company’s foreign operations as a valuation allowance was recorded on the Company’s U.S. net deferred tax assets, beginning in the second quarter of 2021.
Nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2021
Nine months ended September 30,
Description
2022
2021
Change
(in thousands)
Revenue
$
2,923,636
$
1,787,047
$
1,136,589
Cost of services, excluding depreciation, depletion, and amortization shown separately
2,258,190
1,614,574
643,616
General and administrative
130,953
88,043
42,910
Transaction, severance and other costs
5,293
12,173
(6,880)
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization
234,815
191,122
43,693
Gain on disposal of assets
(3,041)
(1,076)
(1,965)
Operating income (loss)
297,426
(117,789)
415,215
Other expense, net
46,667
3,276
43,391
Net income (loss) before income taxes
250,759
(121,065)
371,824
Income tax expense
3,637
9,402
(5,765)
Net income (loss)
247,122
(130,467)
377,589
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
389
(6,812)
7,201
Net income (loss) attributable to Liberty Energy Inc. stockholders
$
246,733
$
(123,655)
$
370,388
Revenue
Our revenue increased $1.1 billion, or 63.6%, to $2.9 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $1.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in revenue is attributable to higher service pricing and an activity-driven increase in fleet utilization and efficiency commensurate with increased demand for hydraulic fracturing services.
Cost of Services
Cost of services (excluding depreciation, depletion, and amortization) increased $643.6 million, or 39.9%, to $2.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $1.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The higher expense was primarily related to increases in materials and parts consumption and higher labor costs related to higher fleet utilization as well as inflationary increases impacting costs for materials, labor, and maintenance parts.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased $42.9 million, or 48.7%, to $131.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $88.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily related to increases from reinstated bonus programs which had been temporarily suspended during the first quarter of 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, labor cost inflation, and corporate costs related to increased levels of activity.
Transaction, Severance and Other Costs
Transaction, severance and other costs decreased $6.9 million, or 56.5%, to $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $12.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The costs incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily related to integration costs, investment banking, legal, accounting, and other professional services provided in connection with the OneStim Acquisition and PropX Acquisition. Such costs were lower during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as the integration efforts move towards completion.
Depreciation, Depletion, and Amortization
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization expense increased $43.7 million, or 22.9%, to $234.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $191.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in 2022 was due to additional equipment placed in service since the prior year period and additional depreciation from property acquired in the PropX Acquisition.
Gain on disposal of assets increased $2.0 million, or 182.6%, to $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to miscellaneous equipment disposals in the normal course of business. The increase was a result of the sale of used field equipment and light duty trucks in a strong used vehicle and equipment market offset by the loss on sale of one and plan of sale for two other non-strategic facilities acquired in the OneStim Acquisition
Operating Income (Loss)
The Company recorded operating income of $297.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to operating loss of $117.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the operating income is primarily due to the $1.1 billion, or 63.6%, increase in total revenue partially offset by a $721.4 million increase in total operating expenses, the significant components of which are discussed above.
Other Expense, net
Other expense, net increased $43.4 million to $46.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Other expense, net is comprised of loss on remeasurement of liability under the TRAs, gain on investments, and interest expense, net. The Company remeasured the liability under the TRAs resulting in a loss of $33.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to a gain of $8.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. A $2.5 million gain on investments was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to no gain for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Additionally, interest expense increased $4.4 million as a result of increased borrowings under the credit facility along with higher interest rates.
Net Income (Loss) before Income Taxes
The Company realized net income before income taxes of $250.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to net loss before income taxes of $121.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in results is primarily attributable to an increase in revenue, as discussed above, related to the increase in activity and service pricing.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense decreased $5.8 million to $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, at an effective rate of 1.5%, compared to $9.4 million, at an effective rate of (7.8)%, recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This decrease in income tax expense is primarily attributable to the Company recording a valuation allowance on its U.S. net deferred tax assets, beginning in the second quarter of 2021, resulting in income tax expense for that period, while in subsequent periods no tax expense or benefit is recognized on U.S. state and federal income or loss.
Comparison of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We view EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as important indicators of performance. We define EBITDA as net income before interest, income taxes, and depreciation, depletion, and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA adjusted to eliminate the effects of items such as non-cash stock-based compensation, new fleet or new basin start-up costs, fleet lay-down costs, costs of asset acquisitions, gain or loss on the disposal of assets, bad debt reserves, transaction, severance, and other costs, the loss or gain on remeasurement of liability under our tax receivable agreements, the gain or loss on investments and other non-recurring expenses that management does not consider in assessing ongoing performance.
Our board of directors, management, investors, and lenders use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to assess our financial performance because it allows them to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis across periods by removing the effects of our capital structure (such as varying levels of interest expense), asset base (such as depreciation, depletion, and amortization) and other items that impact the comparability of financial results from period to period. We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because we believe they provide useful information regarding the factors and trends affecting our business in addition to measures calculated under GAAP.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures will provide useful information to investors in assessing our financial performance and results of operations. Net income (loss) is the GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Each of these non-GAAP financial measures has important limitations as an analytical tool due to exclusion of some but not all items that affect the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. You should not consider EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA in isolation or as substitutes for an analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, our definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility.
The following tables present a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure for the periods presented:
Three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to three and nine months ended September 30, 2021: EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Description
2022
2021
Change
2022
2021
Change
(in thousands)
Net income (loss)
$
147,263
$
(39,379)
$
186,642
$
247,122
$
(130,467)
$
377,589
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization
82,848
65,852
16,996
234,815
191,122
43,693
Interest expense, net
6,773
4,007
2,766
15,959
11,528
4,431
Income tax expense
2,572
753
1,819
3,637
9,402
(5,765)
EBITDA
$
239,456
$
31,233
$
208,223
$
501,533
$
81,585
$
419,948
Stock-based compensation expense
6,112
4,245
1,867
17,126
15,091
2,035
Fleet start-up and lay-down costs
7,420
—
7,420
13,174
—
13,174
Transaction, severance and other costs
1,767
1,556
211
5,293
12,173
(6,880)
Gain on disposal of assets
(4,277)
(79)
(4,198)
(3,041)
(1,076)
(1,965)
Provision for credit losses
—
—
—
—
745
(745)
Loss (gain) on remeasurement of liability under tax receivable agreements
28,900
(4,947)
33,847
33,233
(8,252)
41,485
Gain on investments
$
(2,525)
$
—
$
(2,525)
$
(2,525)
$
—
$
(2,525)
Adjusted EBITDA
$
276,853
$
32,008
$
244,845
$
564,793
$
100,266
$
464,527
EBITDA was
$239.5 million
for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $31.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Adjusted EBITDA was
$276.9 million
for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $32.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increases in EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA primarily resulted from improved market conditions and activity levels as described above under the captions
Revenue
,
Cost of Services
, and
General and Administrative Expenses for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
.
EBITDA was $501.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $81.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Adjusted EBITDA was $564.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $100.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increases in EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA primarily resulted from improved market conditions and activity levels as described above under the captions
Revenue
,
Cost of Services
, and
General and Administrative Expenses for the Nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the Nine months ended September 30, 2021
.
Historically, our primary sources of liquidity to date have been cash flows from operations, proceeds from our IPO, and borrowings under our Credit Facilities. We expect to fund operations and organic growth with cash flows from operations and available borrowings under our Credit Facilities. We monitor the availability of capital resources such as equity and debt financings that could be leverage for current or future financial obligations including those related to acquisitions, capital expenditures, working capital and other liquidity requirements. We may incur additional indebtedness or issue equity in order to meet our capital expenditure activities and liquidity requirements, as well as to fund growth opportunities that we pursue, including via acquisition, such as with the OneStim Acquisition and the PropX Acquisition. Our primary uses of capital have been capital expenditures to support organic growth and funding ongoing operations, including maintenance and fleet upgrades.
Cash and cash equivalents increased by $4.0 million to $24.0 million as of September 30, 2022 compared to $20.0 million as of December 31, 2021, while working capital excluding cash and current liabilities under debt and lease arrangements increased $224.1 million.
We have $425.0 million committed under the ABL Facility subject to certain borrowing base limitations based on a percentage of eligible accounts receivable and inventory available to finance working capital needs. As of September 30, 2022, the borrowing base was calculated to be $425.0 million, and the Company had $150.0 million outstanding, in addition to a letter of credit in the amount of $1.4 million, with $273.6 million of remaining availability. Additionally, we have $105.2 million borrowings remaining on the Term Loan Facility, which was originally $175.0 million.
The ABL Facility has a maturity date of the earlier of (a) October 22, 2026 and (b) to the extent the debt under the Term Loan Facility remains outstanding 90 days prior to the final maturity of the Term Loan Facility, which matures on September 19, 2024.
On July 18, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the ABL Facility (the “Seventh ABL Amendment”). The Seventh ABL Amendment amended certain terms, provisions, and covenants of the ABL Facility, including among other things: (i) increasing the maximum borrowing amount by $75.0 million to $425.0 million, subject to certain borrowing base limitations based on percentage of eligible accounts receivable and inventory, (ii) modifying certain covenant and reporting-related baskets, and (iii) replacing LIBOR with the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) as the interest rate benchmark.
On August 12, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the Term Loan Facility (the “Sixth Term Loan Amendment”).
The Sixth Term Loan Amendment amended certain terms, provisions and covenants of the Term Loan Facility, including among other things: (i) a waiver of the fixed charge coverage ratio requirements for up to $100.0 million of restricted payments made in connection with the Company’s 2022 stock repurchase program for its common stock; (ii) the addition of a minimum liquidity requirement of $150.0 million in order to make selected restricted payments, including those made under the 2022 stock repurchase program; (iii) the modification of certain covenant and reporting-related terms, including an increase in the allowance for permitted purchase money indebtedness from $50.0 million to $70.0 million; (iv) the addition of a prepayment premium of 1.0% through the first anniversary of the Sixth Term Loan Amendment effective date; and (v) the addition and modification of several provisions to replace LIBOR with SOFR as the interest rate benchmark.
The Credit Facilities contain covenants that restrict our ability to take certain actions. At September 30, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.
See
Note 8
—Debt
to the
consolidated financial statements included in “Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)” for further details.
We have no material off balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2022, except for purchase commitments under supply agreements as disclosed above under “Item 1. Financial Statements—Note 15—Commitments & Contingencies.” As such, we are not materially exposed to any other financing, liquidity, market, or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such financing arrangements.
Share Repurchase Program
Under our share repurchase program, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $250.0 million of outstanding Class A Common Stock through and including July 31, 2024. Shares may be repurchased from time to time for cash in the open market transactions, through block trades, in privately negotiated transactions, through derivative transactions or by other means in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. The timing and the amount of repurchases will be determined by the Company at its discretion based on an evaluation of market conditions, capital allocation alternatives and other factors. The share repurchase program does not require us to purchase any dollar amount or number of shares of our Class A Common Stock and may be modified, suspended, extended or terminated at any time without prior notice. The Company expects to fund the repurchases by using cash on hand, borrowings under its revolving credit facility and expected free cash flow to be generated over the next two years.
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Description
2022
2021
Change
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
292,610
$
80,142
$
212,468
Net cash used in investing activities
(333,875)
(119,319)
(214,556)
Net cash provided by financing activities
45,642
5,149
40,493
Analysis of Cash Flow Changes Between the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
Operating Activities
. Net cash provided by operating activities was
$292.6 million
for the nine month
s ended September 30, 2022, compared to $80.1 million
for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The $212.5 million increase in cash from operating activities is primarily attributable to a
$1.1 billion
increase in
revenues, offset by a $679.6 million
increase in cash operating expenses and a
$238.5 million decrease
in cash from changes in working capital for the nine months ended
September 30, 2022, compared to a $2.8 million increase in cash from changes in working capital for the
nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Investing Activities
. Net cash used in investing activities was $333.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $119.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Cash used in investing activities was higher during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as the Company continued to invest in equipment, including building new digiFrac™ fleets and deploying additional fleets, to support increased customer demand in next generation equipment and technology.
Financing Activities
. Net cash provided by financing activities was $45.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The $40.5 million increase in cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to net borrowings of $132.0 million on the ABL Facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $16.0 million net borrowings on the ABL Facility for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Additionally, there was a $1.4 million decrease in payments on finance lease liabilities as the asset value of finance leases active for the full period has decreased since September 30, 2021. These changes were offset by a $70.1 million increase in cash payments made in connection with share repurchases for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to cash payments of $0.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Cash Requirements
Our material cash commitments consist primarily of obligations under long-term debt, TRAs, finance and operating leases for property and equipment, cash used to pay for repurchases of shares of our Class A Common Stock, and purchase obligations as part of normal operations. We have no material off balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2022, except for obligations of $44.5 million payable within 2022, $47.3 million in 2023, and $4.2 million payable thereafter. See
Note 15
—Commitments & Contingencies
to the unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements included in “Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)” for information regarding scheduled contractual obligations. There have been no other material changes to cash requirements since the year ended December 31, 2021.
Income Taxes
The Company is a corporation and is subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income tax on its share of Liberty LLC’s taxable income. The Company is also subject to Canada federal and provincial income tax on its foreign operations.
The combined effective tax rate applicable to the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was 1.5% and (7.8)%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate is significantly less than the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% due to the Company recording a valuation allowance on its U.S. net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2022, due to entering into a three year cumulative pre-tax book loss position, primarily as a result of COVID-19 related losses in 2021. The Company’s effective tax rate is also less than the statutory rate because of foreign operations for 2021, and the non-controlling interest’s share of Liberty LLC’s pass-through results for federal, state and local income tax reporting, upon which no taxes are payable by the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The Company recognized income tax expense of $2.6 million and $3.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $0.8 million and $9.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, which included the impact of recording a valuation allowance on a portion of the Company’s net deferred tax assets.
Per the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act enacted on March 27, 2020, net operating losses (“NOL”) incurred in 2019, and 2020 may be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of
previously paid income taxes. The Company has previously applied for and expects to receive a NOL carryback refund to recover $5.5 million of cash taxes paid by the Company in 2018. This amount has been reflected as a receivable in the prepaids and other current assets line item in the accompanying audited consolidated balance sheets.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We recorded a valuation allowance in the second quarter of 2021, against all of our deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2020 and continue to record a valuation allowance for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. We intend to continue to maintain a full valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. However, given our current earnings and anticipated future earnings, we believe that there is a reasonable possibility that within the next few quarters, including as soon as the fourth quarter of 2022, sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow us to reach a conclusion that a significant portion or all of the valuation allowance will no longer be needed. Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets and a decrease to the income tax expense for the period the release is recorded. In addition, release of the valuation allowance would result in an increase in the tax receivable agreement liability and an increase in the tax receivable agreement loss for the period the release is recorded. For the quarter ended September 30, 2022, the unrecognized TRA liability is approximately $50 million. The valuation allowance as of December 31, 2021 was $91.3 million and no additional income tax benefit or expense has been recorded as a result of the valuation allowance through the quarter ended September 30, 2022.
Refer to Note 12— Income Taxes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to income tax expense.
Tax Receivable Agreements
Refer to Note 12— Income Taxes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to tax receivable agreements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require us to make estimates and assumptions (see Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q and Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Annual Report). A critical accounting estimate is one that requires our most difficult, subjective or complex estimates and assessments and is fundamental to our results of operations. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable according to the current facts and circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.
There have been no material changes in our critical accounting estimates since our Annual Report.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars, but, effective January 1, 2021, a portion of our operations is conducted in a currency other than U.S. dollars. The Canadian dollar is the functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiary as it is the primary currency within the economic environment in which the subsidiary operates. Changes in the exchange rate can affect our revenues, earnings, and the carrying value of our assets and liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet, either positively or negatively. Adjustments resulting from the translation of the subsidiary’s financial statements are reported in other comprehensive income (loss). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded foreign currency translation losses to comprehensive income of $6.3 million and $8.3 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a foreign currency translation loss of $2.3 million and a foreign currency translation gain of $0.4 million, respectively, to comprehensive loss.
Other exposures to market risk have not changed materially since December 31, 2021. For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, in addition to foreign currency translation, see Part II, Item 7(a), “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” in the Annual Report.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
In accordance with Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Our disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, we integrated accounting functions of the entities acquired in the PropX Acquisition on October 26, 2021. In connection with the integration, we updated documentation of our internal controls over financial reporting, as necessary, to reflect modifications to business processes and accounting procedures impacted.
There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Information relating to legal proceedings is described in Note 15 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, and the information discussed therein is incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 1.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, you should carefully consider the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in the Annual Report and the risk factors and other cautionary statements contained in our other SEC filings, which could materially affect our businesses, financial condition or future results.
The risk factors below are in addition to the risk factors set forth in the Annual Report. There have been no other material changes to the risk factors in the Annual Report.
The ongoing military action between Russia and Ukraine could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In February of 2022, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine, and sustained conflict and disruption in the region is likely. Although the length, impact and outcome of the ongoing military conflict in Ukraine is highly unpredictable, this conflict could lead to significant market and other disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices and supply of energy resources, instability in financial markets, higher inflation, supply chain interruptions, political and social instability, changes in consumer or purchaser preferences as well as increase in cyberattacks and espionage. As a result of the invasion and ongoing military conflict, governments in the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and other countries have implemented and may implement additional sanctions, export controls or other measures against Russia, Belarus and other countries, regions, officials, individuals or industries in the respective territories. Such sanctions, and other measures, as well as the existing and potential further responses from Russia or other countries to such sanctions, supply chain disruptions, tensions and military actions, could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and could also aggravate the other risk factors that we identify herein.
The choice of forum provisions in our charter and bylaws could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (as amended, the “Charter”) provides that unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee or agent of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Charter or the Company’s bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in each such case subject to Court of Chancery having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein. Our Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”) further provide that unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). Under the Securities Act, federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act, and stockholders cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such a forum selection provision as written in connection with claims arising under the Securities Act. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of common stock of the Company will be deemed to have notice of and have consented to the provisions of our Charter and Bylaws related to choice of forum. The choice of forum provisions in our Charter and Bylaws may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us. Additionally, the enforceability of choice of forum provisions in other companies’ governing documents has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with any applicable action brought against us, a court could find the choice of forum provisions contained in our Charter and Bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in such action. If so, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
There can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our Class A Common Stock in any particular amounts.
The stock markets in general have experienced substantial price and trading fluctuations, which have resulted in volatility in the market prices of securities that often are unrelated or disproportionate to changes in operating performance. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our Class A Common Stock. Price volatility over a given period may also cause the average price at which we repurchase our own Class A Common Stock to exceed the stock’s price at a given point in time. In addition, significant changes in the trading price of our Class A Common Stock and our ability to access capital on terms favorable to us could impact our ability to repurchase shares of our Class A Common Stock. The timing and amount of any repurchases will be determined by the Company’s management based on its evaluation of market conditions, capital allocation alternatives and other factors beyond our control. Our share repurchase program may be modified, suspended, extended or terminated by the Company at any time and without notice.
The ability or willingness of OPEC and other oil exporting nations to set and maintain production levels and/or the impact of sanctions on Russia related to the war in Ukraine may have a significant impact on natural gas commodity prices.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and their allies (collectively, OPEC+), is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to manage the price and supply of oil on the global energy market. Actions taken by OPEC+ members, including those taken alongside other oil exporting nations, have a significant impact on global oil supply and pricing. For example, OPEC+ and certain other oil exporting nations have previously agreed to take measures, including production cuts, to support crude oil prices. In March 2020, members of OPEC+ considered extending and potentially increasing these oil production cuts, however these negotiations were unsuccessful. As a result, Saudi Arabia announced an immediate reduction in export prices and Russia announced that all previously agreed oil production cuts expired on April 1, 2020. These actions led to an immediate and steep decrease in oil prices. Conversely, sanctions imposed on Russia in the last few months have increased prices. In October 2022, OPEC+ again determined to reduce production of oil, by approximately 2 million barrels per day. OPEC+ will hold its next meeting on December 4, 2022, and future steps to be taken by OPEC+ with respect to the supply of oil are uncertain. There can be no assurance that OPEC+ members and other oil exporting nations will agree to future production cuts or other actions to support and stabilize oil prices, nor can there be any assurance that sanctions or other global conflicts will not further impact oil prices. Uncertainty regarding future sanctions or actions to be taken by OPEC+ members or other oil exporting countries could lead to increased volatility in the price of oil and natural gas, which could adversely affect our business, future financial condition and results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Share Repurchase Program
The following sets forth information with respect to our repurchases of shares of Class A Common Stock during the three months ended
September 30, 2022:
Period
Total number of shares purchased
Average price paid per share (2)
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (1)
Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
July 1 - July 31
—
—
—
250,000,000
August 1 - August 31
3,196,002
15.08
3,196,002
201,792,691
September 1 - September 31
1,506,164
14.47
1,506,164
180,000,041
Total
4,702,166
14.89
4,702,166
180,000,041
(1) On July 25, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized and the Company announced a share repurchase program that allows the Company to repurchase up to $250.0 million of the Company’s Class A Common Stock beginning immediately and continuing through and including July 31, 2024. The shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market or privately negotiated transactions or by other means in accordance with applicable state and federal securities laws.
(2) The average price paid per share of $14.89 was calculated excluding commissions.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Our mining operations are subject to regulation by the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977. Information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95 to this report.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
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