LKFN 10-Q Quarterly Report June 30, 2025

LAKELAND FINANCIAL CORP

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lkfn-20250630

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to _____________

Commission File Number: 0-11487

LAKELAND FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Indiana			35-1559596
(State or Other Jurisdiction			(IRS Employer
of Incorporation or Organization)			Identification No.)

202 East Center Street,
Warsaw	,	Indiana	46580
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

( 574 ) 267‑6144

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, No par value

LKFN

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

(Nasdaq Global Select Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of ‘‘large accelerated filer,’’ ‘‘accelerated filer,’’ ‘‘smaller reporting company,’’ and ‘‘emerging growth company’’ in Rule 12b–2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of common stock outstanding at July 31, 2025: 25,530,150

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Balance Sheets — June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024	1
	Consolidated Statements of Income — three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	3
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity — three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	6
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	38
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	56
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	57
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	57
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	57
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	57
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	58
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	58
Item 5.	Other Information	58
Item 6.	Exhibits	58
SIGNATURES		59

Table of Contents

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (dollars in thousands, except share data)


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	97,413	$	71,733
Short-term investments	212,767		96,472
Total cash and cash equivalents	310,180		168,205

Securities available-for-sale, at fair value	996,957		991,426
Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $ 107,979 and $ 113,107 , respectively)	132,389		131,568
Real estate mortgage loans held-for-sale	1,637		1,700
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 66,552 and $ 85,960	5,160,275		5,031,988
Land, premises and equipment, net	61,449		60,489
Bank owned life insurance	127,399		113,320
Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank stock	21,420		21,420
Accrued interest receivable	29,109		28,446
Goodwill	4,970		4,970
Other assets	118,516		124,842
Total assets	$	6,964,301	$	6,678,374


LIABILITIES
Noninterest bearing deposits	$	1,261,740	$	1,297,456
Interest bearing deposits	4,915,093		4,603,510
Total deposits	6,176,833		5,900,966


Borrowings


Federal Home Loan Bank advance	1,200		0
Other borrowings	5,000		0
Total borrowings	6,200		0

Accrued interest payable	9,996		15,117
Other liabilities	61,285		78,380
Total liabilities	6,254,314		5,994,463

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock: 90,000,000 shares authorized, no par value
26,016,494 shares issued and 25,525,105 outstanding as of June 30, 2025
25,978,831 shares issued and 25,509,592 outstanding as of December 31, 2024	130,664		129,664
Retained earnings	757,739		736,412
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	( 161,121 )		( 166,500 )
Treasury stock at cost ( 491,389 shares as of June 30, 2025, 469,239 shares as of December 31, 2024)	( 17,384 )		( 15,754 )
Total stockholders’ equity	709,898		683,822
Noncontrolling interest	89		89
Total equity	709,987		683,911
Total liabilities and equity	$	6,964,301	$	6,678,374

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited - dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
NET INTEREST INCOME
Interest and fees on loans
Taxable	$	84,418	$	84,226	$	166,158	$	166,268
Tax exempt	291		632		583		1,532
Interest and dividends on securities
Taxable	3,457		3,104		6,846		6,143
Tax exempt	3,917		3,932		7,827		7,879
Other interest income	2,302		1,842		3,426		2,948
Total interest income	94,385		93,736		184,840		184,770

Interest on deposits	39,111		44,363		75,569		85,527

Interest on short-term borrowings	398		1,077		1,520		3,531

Total interest expense	39,509		45,440		77,089		89,058

NET INTEREST INCOME	54,876		48,296		107,751		95,712

Provision for credit losses	3,000		8,480		9,800		10,000

NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES	51,876		39,816		97,951		85,712

NONINTEREST INCOME
Wealth advisory fees	2,667		2,597		5,534		5,052
Investment brokerage fees	550		478		1,002		1,000
Service charges on deposit accounts	2,827		2,806		5,601		5,497
Loan and service fees	3,006		3,048		5,890		5,900
Merchant and interchange fee income	854		892		1,676		1,755
Bank owned life insurance income	1,040		890		1,362		1,926
Interest rate swap fee income	20		0		20		0
Mortgage banking income	124		23		73		75
Net securities gains (losses)	0		0		0		( 46 )
Net gain on Visa shares	0		9,011		0		9,011
Other income	398		694		1,256		2,881
Total noninterest income	11,486		20,439		22,414		33,051

NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits	17,096		16,158		34,998		32,991
Net occupancy expense	1,747		1,698		3,727		3,438
Equipment costs	1,437		1,343		2,819		2,755
Data processing fees and supplies	4,152		3,812		8,417		7,651
Corporate and business development	1,160		1,265		2,566		2,646
FDIC insurance and other regulatory fees	839		816		1,639		1,605
Professional fees	1,706		2,123		4,086		4,586

Other expense	2,295		6,118		4,943		8,366
Total noninterest expense	30,432		33,333		63,195		64,038

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE	32,930		26,922		57,170		54,725
Income tax expense	5,964		4,373		10,119		8,775
NET INCOME	$	26,966	$	22,549	$	47,051	$	45,950

BASIC WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES	25,707,233		25,678,231		25,711,004		25,667,647

BASIC EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE	$	1.05	$	0.88	$	1.83	$	1.79

DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES	25,776,205		25,742,871		25,782,817		25,746,773

DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE	$	1.04	$	0.87	$	1.82	$	1.78

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited - dollars in thousands)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	26,966	$	22,549	$	47,051	$	45,950
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Change in available-for-sale and transferred securities:
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale arising during the period	2,989		( 4,991 )		5,804		( 20,380 )
Reclassification adjust for amortization of unrealized losses on securities transferred to held-to-maturity	489		489		979		985
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	0		0		0		46
Net securities gain (loss) activity during the period	3,478		( 4,502 )		6,783		( 19,349 )
Tax effect	( 730 )		945		( 1,424 )		4,063
Net of tax amount	2,748		( 3,557 )		5,359		( 15,286 )
Defined benefit pension plans:
Amortization of net actuarial loss	13		16		26		31
Net gain activity during the period	13		16		26		31
Tax effect	( 3 )		( 4 )		( 6 )		( 8 )
Net of tax amount	10		12		20		23
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	2,758		( 3,545 )		5,379		( 15,263 )
Comprehensive income	$	29,724	$	19,004	$	52,430	$	30,687

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited - dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended
	Common Stock			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares	Stock

Balance at April 1, 2024	25,503,425	$	125,873	$	703,330	$	( 166,913 )	$	( 15,370 )	$	646,920	$	89	$	647,009

Comprehensive income:
Net income				22,549						22,549				22,549
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax						( 3,545 )				( 3,545 )				( 3,545 )
Cash dividends declared and paid, $ 0.48 per share				( 12,338 )						( 12,338 )				( 12,338 )
Treasury shares purchased under deferred directors' plan	( 1,348 )	83						( 83 )		0				0

Stock activity under equity compensation plans	1,667	( 80 )								( 80 )				( 80 )
Stock based compensation expense		995								995				995
Balance at June 30, 2024	25,503,744	$	126,871	$	713,541	$	( 170,458 )	$	( 15,453 )	$	654,501	$	89	$	654,590

Balance at April 1, 2025	25,556,904	$	130,243	$	743,650	$	( 163,879 )	$	( 15,594 )	$	694,420	$	89	$	694,509

Comprehensive income:
Net income				26,966						26,966				26,966
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax						2,758				2,758				2,758
Cash dividends declared and paid, $ 0.50 per share				( 12,877 )						( 12,877 )				( 12,877 )
Treasury shares purchased under share repurchase plan	( 30,300 )							( 1,705 )		( 1,705 )				( 1,705 )
Treasury shares purchased under deferred directors' plan	( 1,499 )	85						( 85 )		0				0


Stock based compensation expense		336								336				336
Balance at June 30, 2025	25,525,105	$	130,664	$	757,739	$	( 161,121 )	$	( 17,384 )	$	709,898	$	89	$	709,987

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents


	Six Months Ended
	Common Stock			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares	Stock

Balance at January 1, 2024	25,430,566	$	127,692	$	692,760	$	( 155,195 )	$	( 15,553 )	$	649,704	$	89	$	649,793
Impact of ASU 2023-02 adoption, net of tax				( 532 )						( 532 )				( 532 )
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2024	25,430,566	127,692		692,228		( 155,195 )		( 15,553 )		649,172		89		649,261
Comprehensive income:
Net income				45,950						45,950				45,950
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax						( 15,263 )				( 15,263 )				( 15,263 )
Cash dividends declared and paid, $ 0.96 per share				( 24,637 )						( 24,637 )				( 24,637 )
Treasury shares purchased under deferred directors' plan	( 4,578 )	291						( 291 )		0				0
Treasury shares sold and distributed under deferred directors' plan	13,275	( 391 )						391		0				0
Stock activity under equity compensation plans	64,481	( 2,596 )								( 2,596 )				( 2,596 )
Stock based compensation expense		1,875								1,875				1,875
Balance at June 30, 2024	25,503,744	$	126,871	$	713,541	$	( 170,458 )	$	( 15,453 )	$	654,501	$	89	$	654,590

Balance at January 1, 2025	25,509,592	$	129,664	$	736,412	$	( 166,500 )	$	( 15,754 )	$	683,822	$	89	$	683,911


Comprehensive income:
Net income				47,051						47,051				47,051
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax						5,379				5,379				5,379
Cash dividends declared and paid, $ 1.00 per share				( 25,724 )						( 25,724 )				( 25,724 )
Treasury shares purchased under share repurchase plan	( 30,300 )							( 1,705 )		( 1,705 )				( 1,705 )
Treasury shares purchased under deferred directors' plan	( 4,594 )	300						( 300 )		0				0
Treasury shares sold and distributed under deferred directors' plan	12,744	( 375 )						375		0				0
Stock activity under equity compensation plans	37,663	( 1,493 )								( 1,493 )				( 1,493 )
Stock based compensation expense		2,568								2,568				2,568
Balance at June 30, 2025	25,525,105	$	130,664	$	757,739	$	( 161,121 )	$	( 17,384 )	$	709,898	$	89	$	709,987

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited - in thousands)


Six Months Ended June 30,	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	47,051	$	45,950
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation	2,946		3,011
Provision for credit losses	9,800		10,000

Amortization of loan servicing rights	210		241

Loans originated for sale, including participations	( 8,456 )		( 8,177 )
Net gain on sales of loans	( 246 )		( 253 )
Proceeds from sale of loans, including participations	8,688		9,116
Net gain on Visa shares	0		( 9,011 )
Net (gain) loss on sales of premises and equipment	1		55
Net (gain) loss on sales and calls of securities available-for-sale	0		46
Net securities amortization	2,013		2,393
Stock based compensation expense	2,568		1,875
Earnings on life insurance	( 1,362 )		( 1,926 )
Gain on life insurance	0		( 243 )
Tax expense (benefit) of stock award issuances	136		( 208 )
Net change:
Interest receivable and other assets	( 4,215 )		3,786
Interest payable and other liabilities	( 14,038 )		( 10,859 )
Total adjustments	( 1,955 )		( 154 )
Net cash from operating activities	45,096		45,796

Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale	0		7,136
Proceeds from sale of Visa shares	0		7,358
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal paydowns of securities available-for-sale	31,253		28,917

Purchases of securities available-for-sale	( 32,835 )		0
Purchase of life insurance	( 12,765 )		( 241 )
Net (increase) decrease in total loans	( 138,087 )		( 137,068 )
Proceeds from sales of land, premises and equipment	1		6
Purchases of land, premises and equipment	( 3,907 )		( 3,966 )



Proceeds from life insurance	0		536
Net cash from investing activities	( 156,340 )		( 97,322 )

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) in total deposits	275,867		43,012
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings	5,000		55,000
Proceeds from long-term FHLB borrowings	1,200		0

Net payments on short-term FHLB borrowings	0		( 50,000 )
Common dividends paid	( 25,711 )		( 24,624 )
Preferred dividends paid	( 13 )		( 13 )
Payments related to equity incentive plans	( 1,493 )		( 2,596 )
Purchase of treasury stock	( 2,005 )		( 291 )
Sale of treasury stock	375		391
Net cash from financing activities	253,220		20,879
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	141,975		( 30,647 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period	168,205		151,824
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	310,180		121,177
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	82,210	94,597
Income taxes	11,986		11,680
Supplemental non-cash disclosures:

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities, net	20		0

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

This report is filed for Lakeland Financial Corporation (the "Company"), which has one wholly owned subsidiary, Lake City Bank (the "Bank"). Also included in this report are results for the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiary, LCB Investments II, Inc. ("LCB Investments"), which manages the Bank’s investment securities portfolio. LCB Investments owns LCB Funding, Inc. ("LCB Funding"), a real estate investment trust. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (all of which are normal and recurring in nature) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any subsequent reporting periods, including the year ending December 31, 2025. The Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K should be read in conjunction with these statements.

Operating Segments

All of the Company's financial results are similar and considered by management to be aggregated into one reportable segment. While the Company has assigned certain management responsibilities by region and business-line, the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") evaluates financial performance on a Company-wide basis. The majority of the Company's revenue is from the business of banking and the Company's assigned regions have similar economic characteristics, products, services and customers.

Financial performance is reported to the CODM monthly, and the primary measure of performance is consolidated net income. The allocation of resources throughout the Company is determined annually based upon consolidated net income performance. The presentation of financial performance to the CODM is consistent with amounts and financial statement line items shown in the Company's consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income. Additionally, the Company's significant expenses are adequately segmented by category and amount in the consolidated statements of income to include all significant items when considering both qualitative and quantitative factors. Significant expenses of the Company include salaries and employee benefits, net occupancy expense, equipment costs, data processing fees and supplies and professional fees.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

On December 13, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-08, "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets" , to provide improved accounting and disclosure guidance for crypto assets. Stakeholders stated that current accounting guidance, except as provided in GAAP for certain specialized industries, surrounding crypto asset holdings as indefinite-lived intangible assets fails to provide financial statement users with decision-useful information. To remedy these shortcomings, the amendments in this update require an entity present (1) crypto assets measured at fair value separately from other intangible assets reported in the balance sheet and (2) changes from the remeasurement of crypto assets separately from changes in the carrying amounts of other intangible assets in the income statement. While the amendments in the update do not otherwise change the presentation requirements for the statement of cash flows, they do require specific presentation of cash receipts arising from crypto assets that are received as noncash consideration in the ordinary course of business and are converted nearly immediately into cash.

The amendments in the update also provide for several enhancements related to disclosure of an entity's crypto asset holdings. For annual and interim reporting periods, the amendments in the update require an entity disclose the following information: (1) the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant crypto asset holding and aggregate fair values and costs bases of the crypto asset holdings that are not individually significant; and (2) for crypto assets that are subject to contractual sale restrictions, the fair value of those crypto assets, the nature and remaining duration of the restriction(s), and the circumstances that could cause the restriction(s) to lapse. For annual reporting periods, the amendments in the update require an entity disclose the following information: (1) a rollforward, in the aggregate, of activity in the reporting period for crypto asset holdings, including additions (with a description of the activities that resulted in the additions), dispositions, gains, and losses; (2) for any dispositions for crypto assets in the reporting period, the difference between the disposal price and the cost basis and a description of the activities that resulted in the dispositions; (3) if gains and losses are not presented separately, the income statement line item in which those gains and losses are recognized; and (4) the method for determining the cost basis of crypto assets.

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The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued (or made available for issuance). If an entity adopts the amendments in an interim period, it must adopt them as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The amendments in this update require a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of equity or net assets) as of the beginning of the annual reporting period in which an entity adopts the amendments. This standard did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements based upon the nature of the Company's current operations.

On March 18, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-02, "Liabilities (Topic 405): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 122" , which provided amendments to SEC paragraphs pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin 122. This amendment removed text related to "Accounting for Obligations to Safeguard Crypto-Assets an Entity Holds for Its Platform Users," from ASU 405-10-S99-1 as Staff Accounting Bulletin 122 rescinded the topic.

Newly Issued But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards

On October 9, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative" , which modified the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of Topics in the Codification and was intended to both clarify or improve such requirements and align the requirements with the SEC's regulations. The amendments to Topics of Codification provided in this update apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected Topics unless otherwise indicated by the update. Given the variety of Topics amended, a broad range of entities may be affected by one or more of the amendments provided in the update. The Company evaluated the amendments provided in the update and believes certain of the disclosure improvements are applicable to the Company's interim or annual disclosures. Subtopic 230-10, as amended, requires disclosure within the accounting policy in annual periods of where cash flows associated with derivative instruments and their related gains and losses are presented within the statement of cash flows. Subtopic 260-10, as amended, requires disclosure of the methods used in the diluted earnings-per-share computation for each dilutive security and clarifies that certain disclosures should be made during interim periods. Subtopic 470-10, as amended, requires disclosure of amounts and terms of unused lines of credit and unfunded commitments and the weighted-average interest rate on short-term borrowings outstanding as of the date of each balance sheet presented.

The effective date for each amendment for entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosure requirements is the effective date of the removal of the related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, with early adoption prohibited. The amendments in the update are to be applied prospectively. The Company will apply prospectively the provisions provided in the amendments as such provisions become effective, and does not believe the application of these modified disclosure requirements will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. If by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the applicable requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, the pending content of the related amendment in the update will be removed from the Codification and will not become effective.

On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures" , to address investor requests for greater transparency in regards to income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments are designed to enhance transparency surrounding income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation; and (2) income taxes paid disaggregation by taxing jurisdiction, which will allow investors to better assess, in their capital allocation decisions, how an entity's operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect its income tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. Other amendments in this update are designed to improve the effectiveness and comparability of disclosures by (1) adding disclosures of pretax income (loss) and income tax expense (benefit) to be consistent with the SEC's Regulation S-X 210.4-08(h), Rules of General Application-General Notes to Financial Statements: Income Tax Expense; and (2) removing disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial or relevant.

The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis, however retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its disclosures, however does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material impact on the year-end consolidated financial statements and related footnotes.

On November 8, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income— Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses" , to improve the disclosures surrounding a public business entity's expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information

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about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) in commonly presented expense captions (such as cost of sales, SG&A, and research and development).

The amendments in this update require disclosure, in the notes to the financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments require that at each interim and annual reporting period an entity (1) Disclose the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory, (b) employee compensation, (c) depreciation, (d) intangible asset amortization and (e) depreciation, depletion and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities (DD&A) (or other amounts of depletion expense) included in each relevant expense caption. A relevant expense caption is an is an expense caption presented on the face of the income statement within continuing operations that contains any of the following expense categories listed in (a)-(e); (2) Include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current GAAP in the same disclosure as other disaggregation requirements; (3) Disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively; and (4) Disclose the total amount of selling expenses, and in annual reporting periods, an entity's definition of selling expenses. An entity is not precluded from providing additional voluntarily disclosures that may provide investors with additional decision-useful information.

On January 6, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date" , to clarify the effective date of the ASU 2024-03. The update amends the effective date of Update 2024-03 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its disclosures, however does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 2. SECURITIES

Debt securities purchased with the intent and ability to hold to their maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities. All other investment securities are classified as available-for-sale securities.

Available-for-Sale Securities

Information related to the amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of securities available-for-sale and the related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is provided in the table below.


(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
June 30, 2025

U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	136,779	$	56	$	( 23,744 )	$	0	$	113,091
Mortgage-backed securities: residential	501,415		607		( 62,217 )		0		439,805

State and municipal securities	544,034		99		( 100,072 )		0		444,061
Total	$	1,182,228	$	762	$	( 186,033 )	$	0	$	996,957

December 31, 2024

U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	137,150	$	0	$	( 27,715 )	$	0	$	109,435
Mortgage-backed securities: residential	500,278		83		( 77,952 )		0		422,409

State and municipal securities	545,073		17		( 85,508 )		0		459,582
Total	$	1,182,501	$	100	$	( 191,175 )	$	0	$	991,426

Held-to-Maturity Securities

Information related to the amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of securities held-to-maturity and the related gross unrealized gains and losses is presented in the table below.


(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
June 30, 2025
State and municipal securities	$	132,389	$	0	$	( 24,410 )	$	0	$	107,979

December 31, 2024
State and municipal securities	$	131,568	$	0	$	( 18,461 )	$	0	$	113,107

The Company has the current intent and ability to hold held-to-maturity securities until maturity. All of the Company's securities designated as held-to-maturity were transferred from the available-for-sale classification. The net unrealized gain or loss on the transferred securities was recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at the time of the transfer and is amortized over the remaining life of the underlying securities as an adjustment to the yield on those securities. The net amount of the unamortized unrealized loss on the transferred securities included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was $ 18.0 million ($ 14.2 million, net of tax) at June 30, 2025.

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Information regarding the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities by maturity as of June 30, 2025 is presented below. Maturity information is based on contractual maturity for all securities other than mortgage-backed securities. Actual maturities of securities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay the obligation without a prepayment penalty.


	Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	220	$	220	$	0	$	0
Due after one year through five years	11,196		10,755		0		0
Due after five years through ten years	74,553		67,673		7,277		6,417
Due after ten years	594,844		478,504		125,112		101,562
	680,813		557,152		132,389		107,979
Mortgage-backed securities	501,415		439,805		0		0
Total debt securities	$	1,182,228	$	996,957	$	132,389	$	107,979

Available-for-sale securities proceeds, gross gains and gross losses are presented below.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Sales of securities available-for-sale
Proceeds	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	7,136
Gross gains	0		0		0		0
Gross losses	0		0		0		( 46 )
Number of securities	0		0		0		15

In accordance with ASU No. 2017-8, purchase premiums for callable securities are amortized to the earliest call date and premiums on non-callable securities as well as discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities or over the estimated lives of mortgage-backed securities. Gains and losses on sales are based on the amortized cost of the security sold and recorded on the trade date.

Securities with fair values of $ 542.8 million and $ 560.2 million were pledged as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, as collateral for borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") and Federal Reserve Bank and for other purposes as permitted or required by law.

Unrealized Loss Analysis on Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities

Information regarding available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is presented on the following page. The table divides the securities between those with unrealized losses for less than twelve months and those with unrealized losses for twelve months or more.

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	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
June 30, 2025

U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	0	$	0	$	108,036	$	23,744	$	108,036	$	23,744
Mortgage-backed securities: residential	7,337		45		382,464		62,172		389,801		62,217

State and municipal securities	18,959		497		416,644		99,575		435,603		100,072
Total available-for-sale	$	26,296	$	542	$	907,144	$	185,491	$	933,440	$	186,033

December 31, 2024

U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	0	$	0	$	109,435	$	27,715	$	109,435	$	27,715
Mortgage-backed securities: residential	23,204		249		390,483		77,703		413,687		77,952

State and municipal securities	12,928		439		443,569		85,069		456,497		85,508
Total available-for-sale	$	36,132	$	688	$	943,487	$	190,487	$	979,619	$	191,175

Information regarding held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is presented below. The table divides the securities between those with unrealized losses for less than twelve months and those with unrealized losses for twelve months or more.


	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
June 30, 2025
State and municipal securities	$	0	$	0	$	107,979	$	24,410	$	107,979	$	24,410

December 31, 2024
State and municipal securities	$	0	$	0	$	113,107	$	18,461	$	113,107	$	18,461

The total number of securities with unrealized losses as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is presented below.


	Available-for-Sale			Held-to-Maturity
	Less than 12 months	12 months or more	Total	Less than 12 months	12 months or more	Total
June 30, 2025

U.S. government sponsored agencies	0	17	17	0	0	0
Mortgage-backed securities: residential	2	122	124	0	0	0

State and municipal securities	23	386	409	0	41	41
Total temporarily impaired	25	525	550	0	41	41

December 31, 2024

U.S. government sponsored agencies	0	17	17	0	0	0
Mortgage-backed securities: residential	9	124	133	0	0	0

State and municipal securities	23	392	415	0	41	41
Total temporarily impaired	32	533	565	0	41	41

Available-for-sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions are evaluated for impairment related to credit losses at least quarterly. For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, management first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through the consolidated income statement. For available-for-sale debt securities that do not meet the above criteria and for held-to-maturity securities, management evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically

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related to the security and the issuer, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, management compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis for the security, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited to the amount that the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. For available-for-sale debt securities, any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes.

No allowance for credit losses for available-for-sale or held-to-maturity debt securities was recorded at June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. Accrued interest receivable on securities totaled $ 7.6 million and $ 7.5 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

The U.S. government sponsored agencies and mortgage-backed securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major credit rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. Therefore, for those securities, we do not record expected credit losses. State and municipal securities credit losses are benchmarked against highly rated municipal securities of similar duration, as published by Moody's, resulting in an immaterial allowance for credit losses.

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NOTE 3. LOANS


(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial loans:
Working capital lines of credit loans	$	717,484	13.7	%	$	649,609	12.7	%
Non-working capital loans	776,278		14.9		801,256		15.6
Total commercial and industrial loans	1,493,762		28.6		1,450,865		28.3

Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Construction and land development loans	552,998		10.6		567,781		11.1
Owner occupied loans	780,285		14.9		807,090		15.8
Nonowner occupied loans	869,196		16.6		872,671		17.0
Multifamily loans	477,910		9.1		344,978		6.7
Total commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans	2,680,389		51.2		2,592,520		50.6

Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland	150,934		2.9		156,609		3.1
Loans for agricultural production	188,501		3.6		230,787		4.5
Total agri-business and agricultural loans	339,435		6.5		387,396		7.6

Other commercial loans:	95,442		1.8		95,584		1.9
Total commercial loans	4,609,028		88.1		4,526,365		88.4

Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans	273,287		5.2		259,286		5.1
Open end and junior lien loans	226,114		4.4		214,125		4.2
Residential construction and land development loans	16,667		0.3		16,818		0.3
Total consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans	516,068		9.9		490,229		9.6

Other consumer loans	103,880		2.0		104,041		2.0
Total consumer loans	619,948		11.9		594,270		11.6
Subtotal	5,228,976		100.0	%	5,120,635		100.0	%
Less: Allowance for credit losses	( 66,552 )				( 85,960 )
Net deferred loan fees	( 2,149 )				( 2,687 )
Loans, net	$	5,160,275			$	5,031,988

The recorded investment in loans does not include accrued interest, which totaled $ 20.9 million and $ 20.3 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The Company h ad $ 907,000 and $ 424,000 in residential real estate loans in the process of foreclosure as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

NOTE 4. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for expected credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes that the principal is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Allocations of the allowance are made for specific loans and for pools of similar types of loans, although the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged against the allowance. A provision for credit losses is taken based on management’s ongoing evaluation of the appropriate allowance balance. A formal evaluation of the adequacy of the credit loss allowance is conducted monthly. The ultimate recovery of all loans is susceptible to future market factors beyond the Company’s control.

The level of credit loss provision is influenced by growth in the overall loan portfolio, emerging market risk, emerging concentration risk, commercial loan focus and large credit concentration, new industry lending activity, general economic conditions and historical loss analysis. In addition, management gives consideration to changes in the facts and circumstances

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of watch list credits, which includes the security position of the borrower, in determining the appropriate level of the credit loss provision. Furthermore, management’s overall view on credit quality is a factor in the determination of the provision.

The determination of the appropriate allowance is inherently subjective, as it requires significant estimates by management. The Company has an established process to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses that generally includes consideration of changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio and overall portfolio quality, along with current and forecasted economic conditions that may affect borrowers’ ability to repay. Consideration is not limited to these factors although they represent the most commonly cited factors. To determine the specific allocation levels for individual credits, management considers the current valuation of collateral and the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows as the primary measures. Management also considers trends in adversely classified loans based upon an ongoing review of those credits. With respect to pools of similar loans, an appropriate level of general allowance is determined by portfolio segment using a probability of default-loss given default (“PD/LGD”) model, subject to a floor. A default can be triggered by one of several different asset quality factors, including past due status, nonaccrual status, material modification status or if the loan has had a charge-off. This PD is then combined with a LGD derived from historical charge-off data to construct a default rate. This loss rate is then supplemented with adjustments for reasonable and supportable forecasts of relevant economic indicators, particularly the unemployment rate forecast from the Federal Open Market Committee’s Summary of Economic Projections, and other environmental factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These environmental factors include consideration of the following: levels of, and trends in, delinquencies and nonperforming loans; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedure, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. It is also possible that these factors could include social, political, economic, and terrorist events or activities. All of these factors are susceptible to change, which may be significant. As a result of this detailed process, the allowance results in two forms of allocations, specific and general. These two components represent the total allowance for credit losses deemed adequate to cover probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio.

Commercial loans are subject to a dual standardized grading process administered by the credit administration function. These grade assignments are performed independent of each other and a consensus is reached by credit administration and the loan officer. Specific allowances are established in cases where management has identified significant conditions or circumstances related to an individual credit that indicate it should be evaluated on an individual basis. Considerations with respect to specific allocations for these individual credits include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) the sufficiency of the customer’s cash flow or net worth to repay the loan; (b) the adequacy of the discounted value of collateral relative to the loan balance; (c) whether the loan has been criticized in a regulatory examination; (d) whether the loan is nonperforming; (e) any other reasons the ultimate collectability of the loan may be in question; or (f) any unique loan characteristics that require special monitoring.

Allocations are also applied to categories of loans considered not to be individually analyzed, but for which the rate of loss is expected to be consistent with or greater than historical averages. Such allocations are based on past loss experience and information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values. These general pooled loan allocations are performed for portfolio segments of commercial and industrial; commercial real estate, multi-family, and construction; agri-business and agricultural; other commercial loans; and consumer 1-4 family mortgage and other consumer loans. General allocations of the allowance are determined by a historical loss rate based on the calculation of each pool’s probability of default-loss given default, subject to a floor. The length of the historical period for each pool is based on the average life of the pool, which is updated at least annually. The historical loss rates are supplemented with consideration of economic conditions and portfolio trends.

Due to the imprecise nature of estimating the allowance for credit losses, the Company’s allowance for credit losses includes an immaterial unallocated component. The unallocated component of the allowance for credit losses incorporates the Company’s judgmental determination of potential expected losses that may not be fully reflected in other allocations. As a practical expedient, the Company has elected to disclose accrued interest separately from loan principal balances on the consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, when a loan is placed on non-accrual, interest payments are reversed through interest income.

For off balance sheet credit exposures outlined in the ASU at 326-20-30-11, it is the Company’s position that nearly all of the unfunded amounts on lines of credit are unconditionally cancellable, and therefore not subject to having a liability recorded.

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The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the periods shown:


(dollars in thousands)	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Residential		Agri-business and Agricultural		Other Commercial		Consumer 1-4 Family Mortgage		Other Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Beginning balance, April 1	$	52,302	$	30,468	$	3,500	$	723	$	3,464	$	1,517	$	459	$	92,433
Provision for credit losses	2,148		588		( 201 )		( 3 )		294		233		( 59 )		3,000
Loans charged-off	( 28,616 )		0		0		0		( 198 )		( 297 )		0		( 29,111 )
Recoveries	48		26		0		0		30		126		0		230
Net loans (charged-off) recovered	( 28,568 )		26		0		0		( 168 )		( 171 )		0		( 28,881 )
Ending balance	$	25,882	$	31,082	$	3,299	$	720	$	3,590	$	1,579	$	400	$	66,552


(dollars in thousands)	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Residential		Agri-business and Agricultural		Other Commercial		Consumer 1-4 Family Mortgage		Other Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Beginning balance, April 1	$	30,720	$	32,078	$	4,112	$	1,022	$	3,518	$	1,229	$	501	$	73,180
Provision for credit losses	8,412		422		( 444 )		( 202 )		68		326		( 102 )		8,480
Loans charged-off	( 12 )		( 840 )		0		0		( 22 )		( 202 )		0		( 1,076 )
Recoveries	41		27		0		0		22		37		0		127
Net loans (charged-off) recovered	29		( 813 )		0		0		0		( 165 )		0		( 949 )
Ending balance	$	39,161	$	31,687	$	3,668	$	820	$	3,586	$	1,390	$	399	$	80,711


(dollars in thousands)	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Residential		Agri-business and Agricultural		Other Commercial		Consumer 1-4 Family Mortgage		Other Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Beginning balance, January 1	$	45,539	$	30,865	$	3,541	$	743	$	3,358	$	1,531	$	383	$	85,960
Provision for credit losses	8,889		165		( 242 )		( 23 )		418		576		17		9,800
Loans charged-off	( 28,626 )		0		0		0		( 222 )		( 771 )		0		( 29,619 )
Recoveries	80		52		0		0		36		243		0		411
Net loans (charged-off) recovered	( 28,546 )		52		0		0		( 186 )		( 528 )		0		( 29,208 )
Ending balance	$	25,882	$	31,082	$	3,299	$	720	$	3,590	$	1,579	$	400	$	66,552


(dollars in thousands)	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Residential		Agri-business and Agricultural		Other Commercial		Consumer 1-4 Family Mortgage		Other Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Beginning balance, January 1	$	30,338	$	31,335	$	4,150	$	1,129	$	3,474	$	1,174	$	372	$	71,972
Provision for credit losses	8,954		1,139		( 482 )		( 309 )		89		582		27		10,000
Loans charged-off	( 206 )		( 840 )		0		0		( 22 )		( 512 )		0		( 1,580 )
Recoveries	75		53		0		0		45		146		0		319
Net loans (charged-off) recovered	( 131 )		( 787 )		0		0		23		( 366 )		0		( 1,261 )
Ending balance	$	39,161	$	31,687	$	3,668	$	820	$	3,586	$	1,390	$	399	$	80,711

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Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis for Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful grade loans and annually on Pass grade loans over $ 250,000 .

The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Special Mention. Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard. Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loans are considered to be "Pass" rated when they are reviewed as part of the previously described process and do not meet the criteria above, which are evaluated and listed with Substandard commercial grade loans and consumer nonaccrual loans, which are evaluated individually and listed with “Not Rated” loans. Loans listed as Not Rated are consumer loans or commercial loans with consumer characteristics included in groups of homogenous loans which are analyzed for credit quality indicators utilizing delinquency status.

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The following table summarizes the risk category of loans by loan segment and year of origination as of June 30, 2025:


(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Term Total		Revolving		Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Working capital lines of credit loans:
Pass	$	4,239	$	1,502	$	89	$	1,459	$	1,151	$	461	$	8,901	$	603,003	$	611,904
Special Mention	0		0		998		0		0		0		998		61,286		62,284
Substandard	0		0		997		928		0		440		2,365		26,377		28,742
Doubtful	0		0		3,015		11,387		0		0		14,402		0		14,402

Total	4,239		1,502		5,099		13,774		1,151		901		26,666		690,666		717,332
Working capital lines of credit loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		28,607		0		0		28,607		0		28,607
Non-working capital loans:
Pass	72,372		146,835		120,383		135,305		47,709		38,661		561,265		178,375		739,640
Special Mention	874		7,525		2,225		5,510		1,351		729		18,214		3,565		21,779
Substandard	750		334		2,136		1,582		105		3,937		8,844		397		9,241
Doubtful	0		0		0		0		21		356		377		0		377
Not Rated	930		1,127		1,412		885		211		247		4,812		0		4,812
Total	74,926		155,821		126,156		143,282		49,397		43,930		593,512		182,337		775,849
Non-working capital loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		19		19
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Construction and land development loans:
Pass	15,895		40,907		18,467		24,912		742		0		100,923		449,374		550,297
Special Mention	1,241		0		0		0		0		0		1,241		0		1,241



Total	17,136		40,907		18,467		24,912		742		0		102,164		449,374		551,538
Construction and land development loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Owner occupied loans:
Pass	48,617		99,830		122,703		118,043		135,435		197,181		721,809		33,417		755,226
Special Mention	300		110		2,454		15,304		0		2,992		21,160		0		21,160
Substandard	0		312		304		0		1,349		1,450		3,415		0		3,415


Total	48,917		100,252		125,461		133,347		136,784		201,623		746,384		33,417		779,801
Owner occupied loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0

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(dollars in thousands)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	Prior	Term Total	Revolving	Total
Nonowner occupied loans (continued):
Pass	55,336	156,084	110,047	139,854	102,631	164,575	728,527	126,495	855,022
Special Mention	0	0	11,504	105	0	0	11,609	1,954	13,563



Total	55,336	156,084	121,551	139,959	102,631	164,575	740,136	128,449	868,585
Nonowner occupied loans:
Current period gross write offs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multifamily loans:
Pass	147,649	55,336	108,213	21,660	31,984	33,579	398,421	78,817	477,238
Special Mention	0	0	0	299	0	0	299	0	299



Total	147,649	55,336	108,213	21,959	31,984	33,579	398,720	78,817	477,537
Multifamily loans:
Current period gross write offs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland:
Pass	11,957	14,062	17,240	32,496	21,316	36,425	133,496	14,871	148,367
Special Mention	2,000	122	201	0	42	148	2,513	0	2,513
Substandard	0	0	0	0	0	61	61	0	61


Total	13,957	14,184	17,441	32,496	21,358	36,634	136,070	14,871	150,941
Loans secured by farmland:
Current period gross write offs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Loans for agricultural production:
Pass	1,390	15,238	23,492	19,922	22,842	14,113	96,997	84,405	181,402
Special Mention	0	0	676	272	0	7	955	6,222	7,177
Substandard	0	0	0	13	0	0	13	0	13


Total	1,390	15,238	24,168	20,207	22,842	14,120	97,965	90,627	188,592
Loans for agricultural production:
Current period gross write offs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other commercial loans:
Pass	4,191	7,110	16,317	28,270	3,007	14,986	73,881	19,654	93,535
Special Mention	0	0	0	0	0	1,813	1,813	0	1,813



Total	4,191	7,110	16,317	28,270	3,007	16,799	75,694	19,654	95,348
Other commercial loans:
Current period gross write offs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

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(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Term Total		Revolving		Total
Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans (continued):
Closed end first mortgage loans:
Pass	7,637		11,272		7,872		8,549		10,768		8,815		54,913		6,706		61,619
Special Mention	191		120		221		161		63		0		756		0		756
Substandard	24		0		238		451		89		586		1,388		0		1,388

Not Rated	17,614		28,363		52,127		45,757		31,336		33,964		209,161		0		209,161
Total	25,466		39,755		60,458		54,918		42,256		43,365		266,218		6,706		272,924
Closed end first mortgage loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		0		0		24		24		0		24
Open end and junior lien loans:
Pass	123		549		713		0		205		5		1,595		9,264		10,859
Special Mention	0		0		0		0		0		298		298		0		298
Substandard	0		0		102		0		9		0		111		78		189

Not Rated	14,168		16,331		12,748		13,993		3,079		1,489		61,808		155,040		216,848
Total	14,291		16,880		13,563		13,993		3,293		1,792		63,812		164,382		228,194
Open end and junior lien loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		29		2		22		53		145		198
Residential construction loans:




Not Rated	1,616		9,137		722		1,738		1,335		2,028		16,576		0		16,576
Total	1,616		9,137		722		1,738		1,335		2,028		16,576		0		16,576
Residential construction loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other consumer loans:
Pass	295		0		955		152		36		0		1,438		21,596		23,034
Special Mention	0		0		0		475		0		105		580		0		580
Substandard	0		98		110		90		18		15		331		0		331

Not Rated	11,859		19,344		18,165		9,661		5,299		4,259		68,587		11,078		79,665
Total	12,154		19,442		19,230		10,378		5,353		4,379		70,936		32,674		103,610
Other consumer loans:
Current period gross write offs	1		139		181		8		58		0		387		384		771

Total Loans	$	421,268	$	631,648	$	656,846	$	639,233	$	422,133	$	563,725	$	3,334,853	$	1,891,974	$	5,226,827

Total period gross write offs	$	1	$	139	$	181	$	28,644	$	60	$	46	$	29,071	$	548	$	29,619

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The following table summarizes the risk category of loans by loan segment and year of origination as of December 31, 2024:


(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Term Total		Revolving		Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Working capital lines of credit loans:
Pass	$	1,599	$	114	$	1,640	$	1,647	$	651	$	0	$	5,651	$	525,179	$	530,830
Special Mention	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		48,301		48,301
Substandard	0		0		933		0		195		219		1,347		25,878		27,225
Doubtful	0		3,090		39,994		0		0		0		43,084		0		43,084

Total	1,599		3,204		42,567		1,647		846		219		50,082		599,358		649,440
Working capital lines of credit loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		94		0		0		0		94		136		230
Non-working capital loans:
Pass	151,920		157,276		173,274		58,591		32,909		28,582		602,552		164,106		766,658
Special Mention	3,901		2,614		2,024		1,637		393		1,894		12,463		6,491		18,954
Substandard	0		2,986		1,598		107		4,142		584		9,417		406		9,823
Doubtful	0		0		0		21		386		0		407		0		407
Not Rated	1,297		1,657		1,149		395		395		23		4,916		0		4,916
Total	157,118		164,533		178,045		60,751		38,225		31,083		629,755		171,003		800,758
Non-working capital loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		383		0		542		179		44		1,148		237		1,385
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Construction and land development loans:
Pass	23,264		69,737		43,228		2,566		0		0		138,795		426,577		565,372
Special Mention	603		0		0		0		0		0		603		0		603



Total	23,867		69,737		43,228		2,566		0		0		139,398		426,577		565,975
Construction and land development loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Owner occupied loans:
Pass	98,847		138,299		120,191		143,642		109,451		129,051		739,481		35,003		774,484
Special Mention	6,295		2,728		14,777		0		619		2,488		26,907		0		26,907
Substandard	318		318		0		3,101		1,457		0		5,194		0		5,194


Total	105,460		141,345		134,968		146,743		111,527		131,539		771,582		35,003		806,585
Owner occupied loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		0		0		840		840		0		840

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(dollars in thousands)	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	Prior	Term Total	Revolving	Total
Nonowner occupied loans (continued):
Pass	152,963	118,517	168,387	101,064	119,612	77,497	738,040	110,441	848,481
Special Mention	0	15,650	108	5,868	0	0	21,626	1,895	23,521



Total	152,963	134,167	168,495	106,932	119,612	77,497	759,666	112,336	872,002
Nonowner occupied loans:
Current period gross write offs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multifamily loans:
Pass	70,497	61,679	11,708	52,995	29,177	9,794	235,850	108,486	344,336
Special Mention	0	0	307	0	0	0	307	0	307



Total	70,497	61,679	12,015	52,995	29,177	9,794	236,157	108,486	344,643
Multifamily loans:
Current period gross write offs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland:
Pass	14,574	21,241	29,601	23,043	25,192	18,312	131,963	24,249	156,212
Special Mention	122	209	0	0	0	0	331	0	331
Substandard	0	0	0	0	0	71	71	0	71


Total	14,696	21,450	29,601	23,043	25,192	18,383	132,365	24,249	156,614
Loans secured by farmland:
Current period gross write offs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Loans for agricultural production:
Pass	15,945	26,704	21,611	24,374	21,446	1,450	111,530	118,090	229,620
Special Mention	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	1,275



Total	15,945	26,704	21,611	24,374	21,446	1,450	111,530	119,365	230,895
Loans for agricultural production:
Current period gross write offs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other commercial loans:
Pass	6,639	17,137	29,985	3,397	11,310	5,544	74,012	19,609	93,621
Special Mention	0	0	0	0	0	1,872	1,872	0	1,872



Total	6,639	17,137	29,985	3,397	11,310	7,416	75,884	19,609	95,493
Other commercial loans:
Current period gross write offs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans:
Pass	11,104	8,511	9,274	11,278	6,252	4,685	51,104	4,299	55,403

Table of Contents


(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Term Total		Revolving		Total
Closed end first mortgage loans (continued):
Special Mention	122		226		165		66		0		0		579		0		579
Substandard	0		83		319		90		0		629		1,121		0		1,121

Not Rated	28,706		55,641		47,355		34,173		13,543		22,396		201,814		0		201,814
Total	39,932		64,461		57,113		45,607		19,795		27,710		254,618		4,299		258,917
Closed end first mortgage loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Open end and junior lien loans:
Pass	574		738		0		438		0		5		1,755		10,090		11,845
Special Mention	0		0		0		0		309		0		309		0		309
Substandard	0		104		0		15		0		81		200		118		318

Not Rated	21,929		16,134		18,053		4,660		644		2,894		64,314		139,351		203,665
Total	22,503		16,976		18,053		5,113		953		2,980		66,578		149,559		216,137
Open end and junior lien loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		79		0		0		0		79		15		94
Residential construction loans:




Not Rated	10,030		1,154		2,045		1,386		759		1,348		16,722		0		16,722
Total	10,030		1,154		2,045		1,386		759		1,348		16,722		0		16,722
Residential construction loans:
Current period gross write offs	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other consumer loans:
Pass	79		971		234		109		0		0		1,393		20,742		22,135
Special Mention	0		0		475		0		157		0		632		0		632
Substandard	0		128		54		76		17		0		275		0		275

Not Rated	23,508		22,250		11,824		6,688		3,743		1,782		69,795		10,930		80,725
Total	23,587		23,349		12,587		6,873		3,917		1,782		72,095		31,672		103,767
Other consumer loans:
Current period gross write offs	49		303		236		33		0		26		647		272		919

Total loans	$	644,836	$	745,896	$	750,313	$	481,427	$	382,759	$	311,201	$	3,316,432	$	1,801,516	$	5,117,948

Total current period gross write offs	$	49	$	686	$	409	$	575	$	179	$	910	$	2,808	$	660	$	3,468

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Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans:

The Company does not record interest on nonaccrual loans until principal is recovered. For all loan classes, a loan is generally placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest becomes 90 days past due unless it is well secured and in the process of collection, or earlier when concern exists as to the ultimate collectability of principal or interest. Interest accrued but not received is reversed against earnings. Cash interest received on these loans is applied to the principal balance until the principal is recovered or until the loan returns to accrual status. Loans may be returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, remain current for a prescribed period, and future payments are reasonably assured.

The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in past due loans as of June 30, 2025 by class of loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan:


(dollars in thousands)	Loans Not Past Due		30-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past Due and Accruing		Total Accruing		Total Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual With No Allowance For Credit Loss		Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Working capital lines of credit loans	$	698,277	$	45	$	0	$	698,322	$	19,010	$	445	$	717,332
Non-working capital loans	767,767		180		0		767,947		7,902		143		775,849
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Construction and land development loans	551,538		0		0		551,538		0		0		551,538
Owner occupied loans	778,048		0		0		778,048		1,753		0		779,801
Nonowner occupied loans	868,585		0		0		868,585		0		0		868,585
Multifamily loans	477,537		0		0		477,537		0		0		477,537
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland	150,880		0		0		150,880		61		0		150,941
Loans for agricultural production	188,579		0		0		188,579		13		13		188,592
Other commercial loans	95,348		0		0		95,348		0		0		95,348
Consumer 1‑4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans	271,020		509		7		271,536		1,388		625		272,924
Open end and junior lien loans	227,548		457		0		228,005		189		189		228,194
Residential construction loans	16,576		0		0		16,576		0		0		16,576
Other consumer loans	102,819		460		0		103,279		331		6		103,610
Total	$	5,194,522	$	1,651	$	7	$	5,196,180	$	30,647	$	1,421	$	5,226,827

An insignificant amount of interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025.

Table of Contents

The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in past due loans as of December 31, 2024 by class of loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan:


(dollars in thousands)	Loans Not Past Due		30-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past Due and Accruing		Total Accruing		Total Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual With No Allowance For Credit Loss		Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Working capital lines of credit loans	$	603,016	$	1,082	$	0	$	604,098	$	45,342	$	594	$	649,440
Non-working capital loans	792,577		663		3		793,243		7,515		37		800,758
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Construction and land development loans	565,975		0		0		565,975		0		0		565,975
Owner occupied loans	804,810		0		0		804,810		1,775		318		806,585
Nonowner occupied loans	872,002		0		0		872,002		0		0		872,002
Multifamily loans	344,643		0		0		344,643		0		0		344,643
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland	156,543		0		0		156,543		71		0		156,614
Loans for agricultural production	230,895		0		0		230,895		0		0		230,895
Other commercial loans	95,493		0		0		95,493		0		0		95,493
Consumer 1‑4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans	256,486		1,284		26		257,796		1,121		665		258,917
Open end and junior lien loans	215,505		314		0		215,819		318		318		216,137
Residential construction loans	16,722		0		0		16,722		0		0		16,722
Other consumer loans	102,565		927		0		103,492		275		17		103,767
Total	$	5,057,232	$	4,270	$	29	$	5,061,531	$	56,417	$	1,949	$	5,117,948

An insignificant amount of interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans during the year ended December 31, 2024.

When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses for collateral dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the loan is expected to be repaid substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The class of loan represents the primary collateral type associated with the loan. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value.

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The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by class of loan as of:


	June 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		General Business Assets		Other		Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Working capital lines of credit loans	$	234	$	38,025	$	445	$	38,704
Non-working capital loans	57		8,170		8		8,235
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Owner occupied loans	312		1,753		0		2,065

Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland	0		61		0		61
Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans	1,388		0		0		1,388
Open end and junior lien loans	190		0		0		190

Other consumer loans	0		0		254		254
Total	$	2,181	$	48,009	$	707	$	50,897


	December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		General Business Assets		Other		Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Working capital lines of credit loans	$	50	$	64,023	$	447	$	64,520
Non-working capital loans	1,891		6,585		19		8,495
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Owner occupied loans	318		3,512		0		3,830

Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland	0		71		0		71
Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans	1,121		0		0		1,121
Open end and junior lien loans	318		0		0		318
Other consumer loans	0		0		272		272
Total	$	3,698	$	74,191	$	738	$	78,627

Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses using historical loss information. The Company uses a probability of default/loss given default model to determine an estimate which is recorded for each asset upon origination. Occasionally, the Company has reason to modify certain terms of loans for borrowers experiencing financial distress by providing the following forms of relief: forgiveness of loan principal, extension of repayment terms, interest rate reduction or an other than insignificant payment delay. The Company can make any or all of these types of concessions as part of such modifications. Since an estimate for historical losses is already included as a component of the allowance for credit losses, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded at the time of such modifications unless the loan is individually analyzed and the modification changes the specific reserve allocation. In the event forgiveness of principal is provided, the amount of the forgiveness is charged off against the allowance for credit losses.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no material modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by reviewing the delinquency and payment default status of such loans to understand the effectiveness of its relief efforts. At June 30, 2025, no loans within the previous twelve months received a modification due to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty.

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Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan (or portion thereof) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion thereof) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.

NOTE 5. BORROWINGS

For the period ended June 30, 2025, the Company had an advance outstanding from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis ("FHLBI") of $ 1.2 million. The fixed rate bullet advance due March 12, 2035 has an interest rate of 0.00 % in the amount of $ 1.2 million. The $ 1.2 million advance is a rate-subsidized Community Development Financial Institution ("CDFI") Rate Buydown Advance offered by the FHLBI. The Company extended a low cost loan to a qualifying CDFI within its operating footprint that was then funded by the fixed rate advance from the Rate Buydown Advance program. For the period ended December 31, 2024, the Company had no advances outstanding with the FHLBI. There were no Federal Funds purchased outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

On October 2, 2024, the Company renewed an unsecured revolving credit agreement with a financial institution allowing the Company to borrow up to $ 30.0 million. The credit agreement has a one year term which may be amended, extended, modified or renewed. Funds provided under the agreement can be used to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the share repurchase program, which was reauthorized by the Company’s board of directors on April 8, 2025, and expires on April 30, 2027, and for general operations. The credit agreement includes a negative pledge agreement whereby the Company agrees not to pledge or otherwise encumber the stock of the Bank. During the second quarter of 2025, the Company borrowed $ 5.0 million on the credit agreement, upon utilization of the share repurchase plan. The credit agreement had an outstanding balance of $ 5.0 million at June 30, 2025. The outstanding balance was repaid on July 9, 2025. There was no outstanding balance on the credit agreement at December 31, 2024.

NOTE 6. FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Securities: Securities available-for-sale are valued primarily by a third party pricing service. The fair values of securities available-for-sale are determined on a recurring basis by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs) or pricing models which utilize significant observable inputs such as matrix pricing. This is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). These models utilize the market approach with standard inputs that include, but are not limited to benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. For certain municipal securities that are not rated and observable inputs about the specific issuer are not available, fair values are estimated using observable data from other municipal securities presumed to be similar or other market data on other non-rated municipal securities (Level 3 inputs).

The Company’s Finance Department, which is responsible for all accounting and SEC disclosure compliance, and the Company’s Treasury Department, which is responsible for investment portfolio management and asset/liability modeling, are the two areas that determine the Company’s valuation policies and procedures. Both of these areas report directly to the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company. For assets or liabilities that may be considered for Level

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3 fair value measurement on a recurring basis, these two departments and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer determine the appropriate level of the assets or liabilities under consideration. If there are new assets or liabilities that are determined to be Level 3 by this group, the Risk Management Committee of the Company and the Audit Committee of the Board are made aware of such assets at their next scheduled meeting.

Securities pricing is obtained on securities from a third party pricing service and all security prices are tested annually against prices from another third party provider and reviewed with a market value price tolerance variance that varies by sector: municipal securities +/- 5 %, government MBS/CMO +/- 3 % and U.S. treasuries +/- 1 %. If any securities fall outside the tolerance threshold and have a variance of $ 100,000 or more, a determination of materiality is made for the amount over the threshold. Any security that would have a material threshold difference would be further investigated to determine why the variance exists and if any action is needed concerning the security pricing for that individual security. Changes in market value are reviewed monthly in aggregate by security type and any material changes are reviewed to determine why they exist. At least annually, the pricing methodology of the pricing service is received and reviewed to support the fair value levels used by the Company. A detailed pricing evaluation is requested and reviewed on any security determined to be fair valued using unobservable inputs by the pricing service.

Mortgage banking derivative: The fair values of mortgage banking derivatives are based on observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

Interest rate swap derivatives: Our derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rates, and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services. The fair value of interest rate swap derivatives is determined by pricing or valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

Collateral dependent loans: Collateral dependent loans with specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses are generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral when repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Fair value is determined using several methods. Generally, the fair value of real estate is based on appraisals by qualified third party appraisers. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. In addition, the Company’s management routinely applies internal discount factors to the value of appraisals used in the fair value evaluation of collateral dependent loans. The deductions to the appraisals take into account changing business factors and market conditions, as well as value impairment in cases where the appraisal date predates a likely change in market conditions. Commercial real estate is generally discounted from its appraised value by 30 - 50 % with the higher discounts applied to real estate that is determined to have a thin trading market or to be specialized collateral. In addition to real estate, the Company’s management evaluates other types of collateral as follows: (a) raw materials inventory is discounted from its cost or book value by 40 - 60 %, depending on the marketability of the goods; (b) finished goods are generally discounted by 40 - 60 %, depending on the ease of marketability, cost of transportation or scope of use of the finished good; (c) work in process inventory is typically discounted by 60 %- 100 %, depending on the length of manufacturing time, types of components used in the completion process, and the breadth of the user base; (d) equipment is valued at a percentage of depreciated book value or recent appraised value, if available, and is typically discounted at 20 - 50 % after various considerations including age and condition of the equipment, marketability, breadth of use, and whether the equipment includes unique components or add-ons; and (e) marketable securities are discounted by 10 %- 30 %, depending on the type of investment, age of valuation report and general market conditions. This methodology is based on a market approach and typically results in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Mortgage servicing rights: As of June 30, 2025, the value of the Company’s Level 3 servicing assets for residential mortgage loans (“MSRs”) was $ 1.7 million, carried at amortized cost and no valuation reserve. These residential mortgage loans have a weighted average interest rate of 3.8 %, a weighted average maturity of 20 years and are secured by homes generally within the Company’s market area of Northern Indiana and Indianapolis. A third-party valuation is used to estimate fair value by stratifying the portfolios on the basis of certain risk characteristics, including loan type and interest rate. Impairment is estimated based on an income approach. The inputs used include estimates of prepayment speeds, discount rate, cost to service, escrow account earnings, contractual servicing fee income, ancillary income, late fees and float income. The most significant assumption used to value MSRs is prepayment rate. Prepayment rates are estimated based on published industry consensus prepayment rates. The most significant unobservable assumption is the discount rate. At June 30, 2025, the constant

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prepayment speed (“PSA”) used was 156 and used a discount rate of 10.0 %. At December 31, 2024, the PSA used was 157 and the discount rate used was 10.0 %.

Other real estate owned: Nonrecurring adjustments to certain commercial and residential real estate properties, classified as other real estate owned, are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals of the property and are reviewed by the Company’s internal appraisal officer. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable properties used to determine value. Such adjustments are usually significant and result in a Level 3 classification. In addition, the Company’s management may apply discount factors to the appraisals to take into account changing business factors and market conditions, as well as value impairment in cases where the appraisal date predates a likely change in market conditions. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized.

Real estate mortgage loans held-for-sale : Real estate mortgage loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments, from third party investors, and result in a Level 2 classification.

The tables below present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	June 30, 2025
	Fair Value Measurements Using						Assets at Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:

U.S. government sponsored agency securities	$	0	$	113,091	$	0	$	113,091
Mortgage-backed securities: residential	0		439,805		0		439,805

State and municipal securities	0		439,503		4,558		444,061
Total securities available-for-sale	0		992,399		4,558		996,957

Mortgage banking derivative	0		149		0		149
Interest rate swap derivative	0		17,204		0		17,204
Total assets	$	0	$	1,009,752	$	4,558	$	1,014,310

Liabilities:
Mortgage banking derivative	$	0	$	18	$	0	$	18
Interest rate swap derivative	0		17,204		0		17,204
Total liabilities	$	0	$	17,222	$	0	$	17,222


	December 31, 2024
	Fair Value Measurements Using						Assets at Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:

U.S. government sponsored agency securities	$	0	$	109,435	$	0	$	109,435
Mortgage-backed securities: residential	0		422,409		0		422,409

State and municipal securities	0		454,922		4,660		459,582
Total securities available-for-sale	0		986,766		4,660		991,426
Mortgage banking derivative	0		94		0		94
Interest rate swap derivative	0		25,403		0		25,403
Total assets	$	0	$	1,012,263	$	4,660	$	1,016,923

Liabilities:

Interest rate swap derivative	0		25,403		0		25,403
Total liabilities	$	0	$	25,403	$	0	$	25,403

The fair value of Level 3 available-for-sale securities was immaterial and thus did not require additional recurring fair value disclosure.

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The tables below present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:


	June 30, 2025
	Fair Value Measurements Using						Assets at Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Collateral dependent loans:
Commercial and industrial loans:
Working capital lines of credit loans	$	0	$	0	$	15,770	$	15,770
Non-working capital loans	0		0		3,530		3,530
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Owner occupied loans	0		0		928		928

Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland	0		0		27		27


Total collateral dependent loans	0		0		20,255		20,255

Total assets	$	0	$	0	$	20,255	$	20,255


	December 31, 2024
	Fair Value Measurements Using						Assets at Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Collateral dependent loans:
Commercial and industrial loans:
Working capital lines of credit loans	$	0	$	0	$	23,174	$	23,174
Non-working capital loans	0		0		3,281		3,281
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Owner occupied loans	0		0		664		664
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland	0		0		32		32


Total collateral dependent loans	0		0		27,151		27,151

Total assets	$	0	$	0	$	27,151	$	27,151

The following table presents the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2025:


(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Methodology	Unobservable Inputs	Average		Range of Inputs
Collateral dependent loans:
Commercial and industrial	$	19,300	Collateral based measurements	Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability	44	%	1 %- 99 %

Collateral dependent loans:
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans	928		Collateral based measurements	Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability	29	%	2 %- 57 %

Collateral dependent loans:
Agri-business and agricultural	27		Collateral based measurements	Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability	57	%

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The following table presents the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2024:

(dollars in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation Methodology

Unobservable Inputs

Average

Range of Inputs

Collateral dependent loans:

Commercial and industrial

26,455

Collateral based measurements

Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability

4 %- 99 %

Collateral dependent loans:

Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans

664

Collateral based measurements

Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability

Collateral dependent loans:

Agri-business and agricultural

Collateral based measurements

Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability

The following tables contain the estimated fair values and the related carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments. Items that are not financial instruments are not included.


	June 30, 2025
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	310,180	$	310,180	$	0	$	0	$	310,180
Securities available-for-sale	996,957		0		992,399		4,558		996,957
Securities held-to-maturity	132,389		0		107,979		0		107,979
Real estate mortgages held-for-sale	1,637		0		1,686		0		1,686

Loans, net	5,160,275		0		0		5,074,917		5,074,917
Mortgage banking derivative	149		0		149		0		149
Interest rate swap derivative	17,204		0		17,204		0		17,204
Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock	21,420		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Accrued interest receivable	29,109		0		8,199		20,910		29,109
Financial Liabilities:
Certificates of deposit	$	789,414	$	0	$	786,013	$	0	$	786,013
All other deposits	5,387,419		5,387,419		0		0		5,387,419


Federal Home Loan Bank advance	1,200		0		758		0		758
Miscellaneous borrowings	5,000		0		4,999		0		4,999
Mortgage banking derivative	18		0		18		0		18
Interest rate swap derivative	17,204		0		17,204		0		17,204
Standby letters of credit	196		0		0		196		196
Accrued interest payable	9,996		388		9,608		0		9,996

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	December 31, 2024
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	168,205	$	168,205	$	0	$	0	$	168,205
Securities available-for-sale	991,426		0		986,766		4,660		991,426
Securities held-to-maturity	131,568		0		113,107		0		113,107
Real estate mortgages held-for-sale	1,700		0		1,733		0		1,733
Loans, net	5,031,988		0		0		4,916,231		4,916,231
Mortgage banking derivative	94		0		94		0		94
Interest rate swap derivative	25,403		0		25,403		0		25,403
Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock	21,420		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Accrued interest receivable	28,446		0		8,178		20,268		28,446
Financial Liabilities:
Certificates of deposit	$	855,876	$	0	$	851,933	$	0	$	851,933
All other deposits	5,045,090		5,045,090		0		0		5,045,090



Interest rate swap derivative	25,403		0		25,403		0		25,403
Standby letters of credit	294		0		0		285		285
Accrued interest payable	15,117		425		14,692		0		15,117

NOTE 7. OFFSETTING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

The following tables summarize gross and net information about financial instruments and derivative instruments that are offset in the statement of financial position or that are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


	June 30, 2025
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position				Net Amount
(dollars in thousands)							Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Position
Assets
Interest Rate Swap Derivatives	$	17,204	$	0	$	17,204	$	0	$	( 16,785 )	$	419
Total Assets	$	17,204	$	0	$	17,204	$	0	$	( 16,785 )	$	419
Liabilities
Interest Rate Swap Derivatives	$	17,204	$	0	$	17,204	$	0	$	0	$	17,204
Total Liabilities	$	17,204	$	0	$	17,204	$	0	$	0	$	17,204


	December 31, 2024
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position				Net Amount
(dollars in thousands)							Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Position
Assets
Interest Rate Swap Derivatives	$	25,403	$	0	$	25,403	$	0	$	( 21,815 )	$	3,588
Total Assets	$	25,403	$	0	$	25,403	$	0	$	( 21,815 )	$	3,588
Liabilities
Interest Rate Swap Derivatives	$	25,403	$	0	$	25,403	$	0	$	0	$	25,403
Total Liabilities	$	25,403	$	0	$	25,403	$	0	$	0	$	25,403

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If an event of default occurs causing an early termination of an interest rate swap derivative, any early termination amount payable to one party by the other party may be reduced by set-off against any other amount payable by the one party to the other party. If a default in performance of any obligation of a repurchase agreement occurs, each party will set-off property held in respect of transactions against obligations owing in respect of any other transactions.

NOTE 8. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per common share is net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, which includes shares held in treasury on behalf of participants in the Company’s Directors Fee Deferral Plan, and share repurchases. Diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under stock based awards and warrants, none of which were antidilutive.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share	25,707,233		25,678,231		25,711,004		25,667,647
Dilutive effect of stock based awards	68,972		64,640		71,813		79,126
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share	25,776,205		25,742,871		25,782,817		25,746,773

Basic earnings per common share	$	1.05	$	0.88	$	1.83	$	1.79
Diluted earnings per common share	$	1.04	$	0.87	$	1.82	$	1.78

NOTE 9. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following tables summarize the changes within each classification of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, all shown net of tax:


(dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available- for-Sales Securities		Defined Benefit Pension Items		Total
Balance at April 1, 2025	$	( 163,321 )	$	( 558 )	$	( 163,879 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	2,361		0		2,361
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	387		10		397
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	2,748		10		2,758
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	( 160,573 )	$	( 548 )	$	( 161,121 )


(dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available- for-Sales Securities		Defined Benefit Pension Items		Total
Balance at April 1, 2024	$	( 166,189 )	$	( 724 )	$	( 166,913 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	( 3,943 )		0		( 3,943 )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	386		12		398
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	( 3,557 )		12		( 3,545 )
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	( 169,746 )	$	( 712 )	$	( 170,458 )

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The following tables summarize the changes within each classification of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, all shown net of tax:


(dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available- for-Sales Securities		Defined Benefit Pension Items		Total
Balance at January 1, 2025	$	( 165,932 )	$	( 568 )	$	( 166,500 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	4,585		0		4,585
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	774		20		794
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	5,359		20		5,379
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	( 160,573 )	$	( 548 )	$	( 161,121 )


(dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available- for-Sales Securities		Defined Benefit Pension Items		Total
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	( 154,460 )	$	( 735 )	$	( 155,195 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	( 16,100 )		0		( 16,100 )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	814		23		837
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	( 15,286 )		23		( 15,263 )
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	( 169,746 )	$	( 712 )	$	( 170,458 )

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Reclassifications out of other accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 are as follows:

Details about
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Components

Amount
Reclassified From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Affected Line Item
in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented

(dollars in thousands)

Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities

( 489 )

Interest income

Tax effect

102

Income tax expense

( 387 )

Net of tax

Amortization of defined benefit pension items

( 13 )

Other expense

Tax effect

Income tax expense

( 10 )

Net of tax

Total reclassifications for the period

( 397 )

Net income

Reclassifications out of other accumulated comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2024 are as follows:

Details about
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Components

Amount
Reclassified From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Affected Line Item
in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented

(dollars in thousands)

Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities

( 489 )

Interest income

Tax effect

103

Income tax expense

( 386 )

Net of tax

Amortization of defined benefit pension items

( 16 )

Other expense

Tax effect

Income tax expense

( 12 )

Net of tax

Total reclassifications for the period

( 398 )

Net income

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Reclassifications out of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are as follows:

Details about
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Components

Amount
Reclassified From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Affected Line Item
in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented

(dollars in thousands)

Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities

( 979 )

Interest income

Tax effect

205

Income tax expense

( 774 )

Net of tax

Amortization of defined benefit pension items

( 26 )

Other expense

Tax effect

Income tax expense

( 20 )

Net of tax

Total reclassifications for the period

( 794 )

Net income

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are as follows:

Details about
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Components

Amount
Reclassified From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Affected Line Item
in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented

(dollars in thousands)

Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities

( 985 )

Interest income

Realized gains and (losses) on available-for-sale securities

( 46 )

Net securities gains (losses)

Tax effect

217

Income tax expense

( 814 )

Net of tax

Amortization of defined benefit pension items

( 31 )

Other expense

Tax effect

Income tax expense

( 23 )

Net of tax

Total reclassifications for the period

( 837 )

Net income

NOTE 10. LEASES

The Company leases certain office facilities under long-term operating lease agreements. The leases expire at various dates through 2044 and some include renewal options. Many of these leases require the payment of property taxes, insurance premiums, maintenance, utilities and other costs. In many cases, rentals are subject to increase in relation to a cost-of-living index. The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components together as a single lease component. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are recorded as a right-of-use ("ROU") lease asset and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company's corresponding lease obligations are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. ROU lease assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease obligations represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating ROU lease assets and obligations are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU lease asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.

Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Short-term leases are leases having a term of twelve months or less. The Company recognizes short-term leases on a straight-line basis and does not record a related lease asset or liability for such leases, as allowed as a practical expedient of the standard.

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The following is a maturity analysis of the operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2025:


Years ending December 31, (in thousands)	Operating Lease Obligation
2025	$	416
2026	803
2027	814
2028	770
2029	644
2030 and thereafter	5,267
Total undiscounted lease payments	8,714
Less imputed interest	( 2,206 )
Lease liability	$	6,508
Right-of-use asset	$	6,508


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024			2025			2024
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	198		$	161		$	396		$	346
Short-term lease cost	1			2			2			4
Total lease cost	$	199		$	163		$	398		$	350

Other information
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	198		$	161		$	396		$	346
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	7.4 years			5.8 years			7.4 years			5.8 years
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	3.7		%	2.5		%	3.7		%	2.5		%

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ITEM 2 - MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

Net income in the first six months of 2025 was $47.1 million, which increased $1.1 million , or 2.4%, from $46.0 million for the comparable period of 2024 . Diluted income per common share was $1.82 in the first six months of 2025 , an increase of 2.2% from $1.78 in the comparable period of 2024 . The increase in net income for 2025 was primarily due to an increase to net interest income of $12.0 million, or 12.6%, a decrease in noninterest expense of $843,000, or 1.3%, and a decrease in the provision for credit losses of $0.2 million, or 2.0%. Offsetting these positive contributions to net income was a decrease in noninterest income of $10.6 million, or 32.2%. Pretax pre-provision earnings, a non-GAAP measure calculated by adding net interest income to noninterest income and subtracting noninterest expense, were $67.0 million in the first six months of 2025 , an increase of $2.2 million , or 3.5%, compared to $64.7 million for the comparable period of 2024 . Core operational profitability, a non-GAAP measure that excludes the impact of certain non-routine operating events that occurred during 2024, improved by $5.2 million , or 12.5%, from $41.8 million to $47.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively.

Annualized return on average total equity was 13.62% in the first six months of 2025 versus 14.39% in the comparable period of 2024 . Annualized return on average total assets was 1.39% in the first six months of 2025 versus 1.40% for the comparable period of 2024 . The Company's average equity to average assets ratio was 10.19% in the first six months of 2025 versus 9.73% in the comparable period of 2024 .

Net income in the second quarter of 2025 was $27.0 million, an increase of $4.4 million, or 19.6%, from $22.5 million for the comparable period of 2024. Diluted earnings per common share was $1.04 in the second quarter of 2025, an increase of 19.5% from $0.87 in the comparable period of 2024. The increase was driven primarily by an increase in net interest income of $6.6 million, or 13.6%, a decrease in provision for credit losses of $5.5 million and a decrease in noninterest expense of $2.9 million, or 8.7%. Offsetting these effects was a decrease in noninterest income of $9.0 million, or 43.8%. Pretax pre-provision earnings in the second quarter of 2025 were $35.9 million, an increase of $528,000, or 1.5%, compared to $35.4 million for the comparable period of 2024. Core operational profitability improved $7.8 million, or 40.5%, to $27.0 million for the second quarter of 2025, compared to $19.2 million for the second quarter of 2024 .

Annualized return on average total equity was 15.52% in the second quarter of 2025 versus 14.19% in the comparable period of 2024. Annualized return on average total assets was 1.57% in the second quarter of 2025 versus 1.37% in the comparable period of 2024. The average equity to average assets ratio was 10.09% in the second quarter of 2025 versus 9.62% in the comparable period of 2024.

The Company’s tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, was 10.15% at June 30, 2025, compared to 9.91% at June 30, 2024 and 10.19% at December 31, 2024. Unrealized losses from available-for-sale investment securities were $185.3 million at June 30, 2025, compared to $194.9 million at June 30, 2024 and $191.1 million at December 31, 2024. When excluding the impact of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") on tangible common equity and tangible assets, the Company's adjusted tangible common equity to adjusted tangible assets ratio, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, was 12.17% at June 30, 2025, compared to 12.18% at June 30, 2024 and 12.37% at December 31, 2024.

Total assets were $6.964 billion as of June 30, 2025 versus $6.678 billion as of December 31, 2024, an increase of $285.9 million, or 4.3% . Balance sheet expansion was driven by increases to t otal loans, net of the allowance for credit losses, which increased $128.3 million, or 2.5%, cash and cash equivalents, which increased $142.0 million, or 84.4%, and available-for-sale securities, which increased $5.5 million, or 0.6%. The balance sheet expansion from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025 was funded by an increase in total deposits of $275.9 million, or 4.7%. Total equity increased $26.1 million, or 3.8%, from $683.9 million at December 31, 2024 to $710.0 million at June 30, 2025. Retained earnings increased $21.3 million, or 2.9%, primarily as a result of net income of $47.1 million and reduced by dividends declared and paid of $25.7 million.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Certain of the Company’s accounting policies are important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition, since they require management to make difficult, complex or subjective judgments, some of which may relate to matters that

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are inherently uncertain. Estimates associated with these policies are susceptible to material changes as a result of changes in facts and circumstances. Some of the facts and circumstances which could affect these judgments include changes in interest rates, in the performance of the economy or in the financial condition of borrowers. Management believes that its critical accounting policies include determining the allowance for credit losses. See “Note 4 – Allowance for Credit Losses and Credit Quality” for more information on this critical accounting policy.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

Selected income statement information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is presented in the following table:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024			2025			2024
Income Statement Summary:
Net interest income (A)	$	54,876		48,296			$	107,751		$	95,712
Provision for credit losses	3,000			8,480			9,800			10,000
Noninterest income (B)	11,486			20,439			22,414			33,051
Noninterest expense (C)	30,432			33,333			63,195			64,038
Other Data:
Efficiency ratio (1)	45.86		%	48.49		%	48.55		%	49.73		%
Diluted EPS	$	1.04		$	0.87		$	1.82		$	1.78
Average Equity/Average Assets	10.09		%	9.62		%	10.19		%	9.73		%
Tangible capital ratio (2)	10.15			9.91			10.15			9.91
Adjusted tangible capital ratio (3)	12.17			12.18			12.17			12.18
Net charge-offs to average loans	2.22			0.08			1.13			0.05
Net interest margin	3.42			3.17			3.41			3.16

Noninterest income to total revenue	17.31			29.74			17.22			25.67
Pretax pre-provision earnings (4)	$	35,930		$	35,402		$	66,970		$	64,725

(1) Noninterest expense (C) / (Net interest income (A) + Noninterest income (B)) = Efficiency Ratio

(2) Non-GAAP financial measure. Calculated by subtracting intangible assets, net of deferred tax, from total assets and total equity. Management believes this is an important measure because it is useful for planning and forecasting purposes. See reconciliation on the following pages.

(3) Non-GAAP financial measure. Calculated by removing the fair market value adjustment impact of the available-for-sale investment securities portfolio included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") from tangible equity and tangible assets. Management believes this is an important measure because it provides better comparability to periods preceding the recent significant rise in prevailing interest rates and demonstrates long-term trends capital strength. See reconciliation on the following pages.

(4) Non-GAAP financial measure. Pretax pre-provision earnings is calculated by adding net interest income to noninterest income and subtracting noninterest expense. Management believes this is an important measure because it may enable investors to identify the trends in the Company's earnings exclusive of the effects of tax and provision expense, which may vary significantly from period to period. See reconciliation on the following pages.

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The Company believes that providing non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with information useful to understanding the Company's financial performance.

Tangible common equity, adjusted tangible common equity, tangible assets, adjusted tangible assets, tangible book value per common share, tangible common equity to tangible assets, adjusted tangible common equity to adjusted tangible assets, and pretax pre-provision earnings are non-GAAP financial measures calculated based on GAAP amounts. Tangible common equity is calculated by excluding the balance of goodwill and other intangible assets from the calculation of equity, net of deferred tax. Tangible assets are calculated by excluding the balance of goodwill and other intangible assets from the calculation of total assets, net of deferred tax. Adjusted tangible assets and adjusted tangible common equity remove the fair market value adjustment impact of the available-for-sale investment securities portfolio in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"). Tangible book value per common share is calculated by dividing tangible common equity by the number of shares outstanding less true treasury stock. Pretax pre-provision earnings is calculated by adding net interest income to noninterest income and subtracting noninterest expense. Because not all companies use the same calculation of tangible common equity and tangible assets, this presentation may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures calculated by other companies. However, management considers these measures of the Company’s value meaningful to understanding of the Company’s financial information and performance.

A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures is provided below.


	As of and For The						As of and For The
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2025			2024			2025			2024
Total Equity	$	709,987		$	654,590		$	709,987		$	654,590
Less: Goodwill	(4,970)			(4,970)			(4,970)			(4,970)
Plus: Deferred Tax Assets Related to Goodwill	1,167			1,167			1,167			1,167
Tangible Common Equity (A)	706,184			650,787			706,184			650,787
Market Value Adjustment in AOCI	160,574			169,747			160,574			169,747
Adjusted Tangible Common Equity (C)	866,758			820,534			866,758			820,534

Total Assets	$	6,964,301		$	6,568,807		$	6,964,301		$	6,568,807
Less: Goodwill	(4,970)			(4,970)			(4,970)			(4,970)
Plus: Deferred Tax Assets Related to Goodwill	1,167			1,167			1,167			1,167
Tangible Assets (B)	6,960,498			6,565,004			6,960,498			6,565,004
Market Value Adjustment in AOCI	160,574			169,747			160,574			169,747
Adjusted Tangible Assets (D)	7,121,072			6,734,751			7,121,072			6,734,751

Ending Common Shares Issued (E)	25,697,093			25,679,066			25,697,093			25,679,066

Tangible Book Value per Common Share (A/E)	$	27.48		$	25.34		$	27.48		$	25.34

Tangible Capital Ratio (A/B)	10.15		%	9.91		%	10.15		%	9.91		%
Adjusted Tangible Capital Ratio (C/D)	12.17		%	12.18		%	12.17		%	12.18		%

Net Interest Income	$	54,876		$	48,296		$	107,751		$	95,712
Plus: Noninterest Income	11,486			20,439			22,414			33,051
Minus: Noninterest Expense	(30,432)			(33,333)			(63,195)			(64,038)

Pretax Pre-Provision Earnings	$	35,930		$	35,402		$	66,970		$	64,725

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Adjusted core noninterest income, adjusted core noninterest expense, adjusted earnings before income taxes, core operational profitability, core operational diluted earnings per common share and adjusted core efficiency ratio are non-GAAP financial measures calculated based on GAAP amounts. These adjusted amounts are calculated by excluding the impact of the net gain on Visa shares, legal accrual and insurance recovery for the periods presented below. Management considers these measures of financial performance to be meaningful to understanding the Company’s core business performance for these periods.

A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures is provided below.


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Jun. 30, 2025			Jun. 30, 2024			Jun. 30, 2025			Jun. 30, 2024
Noninterest Income	$	11,486		$	20,439		$	22,414		$	33,051
Less: Net Gain on Visa Shares	0			(9,011)			0			(9,011)
Less: Insurance Recovery	0			0			0			(1,000)
Adjusted Core Noninterest Income	$	11,486		$	11,428		$	22,414		$	23,040

Noninterest Expense	$	30,432		$	33,333		$	63,195		$	64,038
Less: Legal Accrual	0			4,537			0			4,537


Adjusted Core Noninterest Expense	$	30,432		$	28,796		$	63,195		$	59,501

Earnings Before Income Taxes	$	32,930		$	26,922		$	57,170		$	54,725
Adjusted Core Impact:
Noninterest Income	0			(9,011)			0			(10,011)
Noninterest Expense	0			4,537			0			4,537
Total Adjusted Core Impact	0			(4,474)			0			(5,474)
Adjusted Earnings Before Income Taxes	32,930			22,448			57,170			49,251
Tax Effect	(5,964)			(3,261)			(10,119)			(7,414)
Core Operational Profitability (1)	$	26,966		$	19,187		$	47,051		$	41,837

Diluted Earnings Per Common Share	$	1.04		$	0.87		$	1.82		$	1.78
Impact of Adjusted Core Items	0.00			(0.13)			0.00			(0.16)
Core Operational Diluted Earnings Per Common Share	$	1.04		$	0.74		$	1.82		$	1.62

Adjusted Core Efficiency Ratio	45.86		%	48.22		%	48.55		%	50.11		%

(1) Core operational profitability was $3.4 million lower than reported net income for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and $4.1 million lower for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Net Income

Net income was $47.1 million in the first six months of 2025, which increased $1.1 million , or 2.4%, from $46.0 million for the comparable period of 2024 . Diluted income per common share was $1.82 in the first six months of 2025 , an increase of 2.2% from $1.78 in the comparable period of 2024 . The increase in net income for the first six months of 2025 was primarily due to an increase to net interest income of $12.0 million, or 12.6%, a decrease in noninterest expense of $843,000, or 1.3%, and a decrease in the provision for credit losses of $200,000, or 2.0%. Offsetting these positive contributions to net income was a decrease to noninterest income of $10.6 million, or 32.2%. Core operational profitability, a non-GAAP measure that excludes the impact of certain non-routine operating events that occurred during 2024, improved by $5.2 million , or 12.5%, from $41.8 million to $47.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively.

Net income during the second quarter of 2025 was $27.0 million, an improvement of 19.6% from $22.5 million for the comparable period of 2024. Diluted earnings per common share was $1.04 in the second quarter of 2025, an increase of 19.5% from $0.87 in the comparable period of 2024. The increase was driven primarily by an increase in net interest income of $6.6 million, or 13.6%. Contributing further to the increase was a decrease in noninterest expense of $2.9 million, or 8.7%, and a decrease in the provision for credit losses of $5.5 million. Offsetting these positive contributions to net income was a decrease

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in noninterest income of $9.0 million, or 43.8%. Core operational profitability improved $7.8 million, or 40.5%, to $27.0 million for the second quarter of 2025, compared to $19.2 million for the second quarter of 2024.

N et Interest Income

The following tables set forth consolidated information regarding average balances and rates:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025						2024
(fully tax equivalent basis, dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Yield (1)/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest		Yield (1)/ Rate
Earning Assets
Loans:
Taxable (2)(3)	$	5,182,140	$	166,158	6.47	%	$	4,955,106	$	166,268	6.75	%
Tax exempt (1)	25,763		720		5.64		47,829		1,901		7.99
Investments:
Securities (1)	1,130,970		16,755		2.99		1,138,639		16,117		2.85
Short-term investments	2,898		28		1.95		2,773		68		4.93
Interest bearing deposits	159,321		3,398		4.30		111,758		2,880		5.18
Total earning assets	$	6,501,092	$	187,059	5.80	%	$	6,256,105	$	187,234	6.02	%
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(90,578)						(73,299)
Nonearning Assets
Cash and due from banks	68,847						66,551
Premises and equipment	60,903						58,292
Other nonearning assets	293,953						291,062
Total assets	$	6,834,217					$	6,598,711

Interest Bearing Liabilities
Savings deposits	$	284,922	$	85	0.06	%	$	292,378	$	97	0.07	%
Interest bearing checking accounts	3,627,952		59,574		3.31		3,161,230		63,688		4.05
Time deposits:
In denominations under $100,000	210,841		3,577		3.42		220,643		3,788		3.45
In denominations over $100,000	611,351		12,333		4.07		798,442		17,954		4.52
Other short-term borrowings	66,380		1,520		4.62		126,443		3,531		5.62
Long-term borrowings	729		0		0.00		0		0		0.00
Total interest bearing liabilities	$	4,802,175	$	77,089	3.24	%	$	4,599,136	$	89,058	3.89	%

Noninterest Bearing Liabilities
Demand deposits	1,251,161						1,252,503
Other liabilities	84,364						105,069
Stockholders' Equity	696,517						642,003
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	6,834,217					$	6,598,711

Interest Margin Recap
Interest income/average earning assets			187,059		5.80	%			187,234		6.02	%
Interest expense/average earning assets			77,089		2.39				89,058		2.86
Net interest income and margin			$	109,970	3.41	%			$	98,176	3.16	%

(1) Tax exempt income was converted to a fully taxable equivalent basis at a 21 percent tax rate. The tax equivalent rate for tax exempt loans and tax exempt securities acquired after January 1, 1983 included the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (“TEFRA”) adjustment applicable to nondeductible interest expenses. Taxable equivalent basis adjustments were $2.2 million and $2.5 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

(2) Loan fees, which are immaterial in relation to total taxable loan interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, are included as taxable loan interest income.

(3) Nonaccrual loans are included in the average balance of taxable loans.

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	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025						2024
(fully tax equivalent basis, dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Yield (1)/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest		Yield (1)/ Rate
Earning Assets
Loans:
Taxable (2)(3)	$	5,204,006	$	84,418	6.51	%	$	4,993,270	$	84,226	6.78	%
Tax exempt (1)	25,640		359		5.62		41,581		783		7.57
Investments:
Securities (1)	1,125,597		8,416		3.00		1,118,776		8,082		2.91
Short-term investments	2,832		28		3.97		2,836		35		4.96
Interest bearing deposits	212,532		2,274		4.29		138,818		1,807		5.24
Total earning assets	$	6,570,607	$	95,495	5.83	%	$	6,295,281	$	94,933	6.07	%
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(93,644)						(74,166)
Nonearning Assets
Cash and due from banks	66,713						64,518
Premises and equipment	61,280						58,702
Other nonearning assets	299,725						298,619
Total assets	$	6,904,681					$	6,642,954

Interest Bearing Liabilities
Savings deposits	$	285,944	$	43	0.06	%	$	289,107	$	48	0.07	%
Interest bearing checking accounts	3,767,903		31,499		3.35		3,275,502		33,323		4.09
Time deposits:
In denominations under $100,000	208,770		1,745		3.35		217,146		1,871		3.47
In denominations over $100,000	589,829		5,824		3.96		807,304		9,121		4.54
Other short-term borrowings	33,297		398		4.79		77,077		1,077		5.62
Long-term borrowings	1,200		0		0.00		0		0		0.00
Total interest bearing liabilities	$	4,886,943	$	39,509	3.24	%	$	4,666,136	$	45,440	3.92	%

Noninterest Bearing Liabilities
Demand deposits	1,244,058						1,230,903
Other liabilities	76,704						106,916
Stockholders' Equity	696,976						638,999
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	6,904,681					$	6,642,954

Interest Margin Recap
Interest income/average earning assets			95,495		5.83	%			94,933		6.07	%
Interest expense/average earning assets			39,509		2.41				45,440		2.90
Net interest income and margin			$	55,986	3.42	%			$	49,493	3.17	%

(1) Tax exempt income was converted to a fully taxable equivalent basis at a 21 percent tax rate. The tax equivalent rate for tax exempt loans and tax exempt securities acquired after January 1, 1983 included the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (“TEFRA”) adjustment applicable to nondeductible interest expenses. Taxable equivalent basis adjustments were $1.1 million and $1.2 million in the three-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

(2) Loan fees, which are immaterial in relation to total taxable loan interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, are included as taxable loan interest income .

(3) Nonaccrual loans are included in the average balance of taxable loans.

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Net interest income, on a fully tax equivalent basis, increased $11.8 million, or 12.0%, to $110.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $98.2 million for the first six months of 2024 . The increase in net interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis was driven by a decrease in deposit interest expense of $10.0 million , or 11.6% , from $85.5 million to $75.6 million . Borrowings expense declined by $2.0 million , or 57.0% . Securities interest income contributed further to the increase in fully tax equivalent net interest income, increasing by $638,000 , or 4.0% . A decline in loan interest income negatively impacted fully tax equivalent net interest income, decreasing $1.3 million, or 0.8%, from $168.2 million to $166.9 million between the two periods, due primarily to the decline in interest income from variable rate loans that resulted from the decline in interest rates.

Total average earning assets were $6.501 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of $245.0 million, or 3.9%, compared to $6.256 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024 . Average loans outstanding drove the increase to total average earning assets, increasing $205.0 million, or 4.1%, to $5.208 billion from $5.003 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively . Offsetting this increase was a decrease to average investment securities of $7.7 million, or 0.7%, to $1.131 billion from $1.139 billion between the respective periods . Total average interest bearing liabilities were $4.802 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of $203.0 million, or 4.4%, from $4.599 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was driven by increased interest bearing deposits of $262.4 million, or 5.9%, from $4.473 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $4.735 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Offsetting the increase to average interest bearing deposits was a decrease in total average borrowings of $59.3 million, or 46.9%, to $67.1 million from $126.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 , respectively. Noninterest bearing demand deposits decreased $1.3 million, or 0.1%, to $1.251 billion from $1.253 billion between the two periods.

The tax equivalent net interest margin was 3.41% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 3.16% during the first six months of 2024, representing a 25 basis point expansion between the two periods. The net interest margin increase was primarily driven by a decrease to interest expense as a percentage of average earning assets, which decreased to 2.39% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 , down from 2.86% for the comparable period of 2024, or a decrease of 47 basis points. This decline was attributable to a decrease in the rate for total interest bearing liabilities of 65 basis points from 3.89% to 3.24% between the respective periods. These decreases were driven by reduced costs associated with the repricing of the Company's interest bearing deposits as a result of monetary policy easing from the Federal Reserve Bank. The decrease in the rate for interest bearing liabilities was driven by a decrease in the average rate for interest bearing deposits of 63 basis points, from 3.85% to 3.22%. Contributing further to the reduction in the rate for interest bearing liabilities was a reduction in the average borrowings rate, which declined 105 basis points from 5.62% to 4.57%. The Company anticipates the cost of funds would continue to respond favorably to any further monetary policy easing by the Federal Reserve Bank. The improvement in interest expense as a percentage of average earning assets was offset by a 22 basis point reduction in interest income as a percentage of average earning assets, which declined fro m 6.02% to 5.80%. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decline in average loan yields, which decreased 30 basis points to 6.46% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, down from 6.76% for the comparable period of 2024. This decrease was offset by an increase to investment securities yields, which increased 14 basis points from 2.85% to 2.99%. The Company expects that any continued easing of monetary policy by the Federal Reserve Bank, which commenced in September 2024, would exert downward pressure on loan yields as variable rate commercial loans reprice lower; however, this decline may be countered by further reductions in deposit pricing. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a prepayment fee of $541,000 from the early payment of a fixed rate commercial loan, which was recorded as part of interest income. The prepayment fee benefited net interest margin by 1 basis point during the six months ended June 30, 2025. Excluding the impact of the prepayment fee, net interest margin increased by 24 basis points to 3.40%.

Net interest income, on a fully tax equivalent basis, increased by $6.5 million, or 13.1% , for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in net interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis was driven by a decrease in deposit interest expense of $5.3 million , or 11.8% , from $44.4 million to $39.1 million, and a decrease to borrowings expense of $679,000, or 63.0%. A decline in loan interest income negatively impacted fully tax equivalent net interest income, decreasing $232,000, or 0.3%, from $85.0 million to $84.8 million and a decrease to securities interest income of $334,000 , or 4.1% .

Total average earning assets were $6.571 billion for the second quarter of 2025, an increase of $275.3 million, or 4.4%, compared to $6.295 billion for the second quarter of 2024. The increase in average earning assets was driven by an increase in average loans of $194.8 million, or 3.9%, from $5.035 billion for the second quarter of 2024 to $5.230 billion for the second quarter of 2025. Average investment securities increased $6.8 million, or 0.6%, from $1.119 billion for the second quarter of 2024 to $1.126 billion for the second quarter of 2025. Total average interest bearing liabilities were $4.887 billion for the second quarter of 2025, an increase of $220.8 million, or 4.7%, from $4.666 billion for the second quarter of 2024. This increase was driven by growth in interest bearing deposits of $263.4 million, or 5.7%, from $4.589 billion for the second quarter of 2024 to $4.852 billion for the second quarter of 2025. Noninterest bearing demand deposits increased $13.2 million, or 1.1%, from $1.231 billion for the second quarter of 2024 to $1.244 billion for the second quarter of 2025 and average

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borrowings decreased $42.6 million, or 55.2%, from $77.1 million for the second quarter of 2024 to $34.5 million for the second quarter of 2025.

The tax equivalent net interest margin expanded by 25 basis points, or 7.9%, to 3.42% for the second quarter of 2025 , compared to 3.17% for the second quarter of 2024 . The net interest margin expansion was primarily driven by a decrease in interest expense as a percentage of average earning assets, which decreased to 2.41% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 , down from 2.90% for the comparable period of 2024 , for a decrease of 49 basis points. This decrease was attributable to a decrease in the rate for total interest bearing liabilities of 68 basis points from 3.92% to 3.24% between the respective periods. This decrease was driven by reduced costs associated with the repricing of the Company's interest bearing deposits as a result of monetary policy easing from the Federal Reserve Bank. The average rate for interest bearing deposits declined 66 basis points from 3.89% to 3.23%. Contributing further to the reduction in the rate for interest bearing liabilities was a reduction in the average borrowings rate, which declined 99 basis points from 5.62% to 4.63%. The improvement in interest expense as a percentage of average earning assets was offset by a 24 basis point reduction in interest income as a percentage of average earning assets, which declined from 6.07% for the second quarter of 2024 to 5.83% for the second quarter of 2025. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in loan yields, which decreased 29 basis points from 6.79% to 6.50% between the two periods. This decrease was offset by an increase to investment securities yields, which increased 9 basis points from 2.91% to 3.00% between the two periods. During the second quarter of 2025, the Company recorded a prepayment fee of $541,000 from the early payment of a fixed rate commercial loan, which was recorded as part of interest income. The prepayment fee benefited net interest margin by 3 basis points for the second quarter of 2025.

Provision for Credit Losses

The Company recorded provision for credit losses expense of $9.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to provision expense of $10.0 million during the comparable period of 2024, a decrease of $200,000, or 2.0%. Net charge-offs were $29.2 million during the six month period ended June 30, 2025, compared to $1.3 million during the comparable period of 2024, an increase of $27.9 million. The increase in net charge offs between the respective periods was attributable to a partial charge off related to a previously disclosed $43.3 million nonperforming credit for an industrial company in Northern Indiana. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the nonperforming borrower reached an agreement to sell and liquidate the business to two unrelated entities. The transactions are expected to close in the third quarter of 2025. As a result of the pending sale and liquidation, the Company recognized a charge off of $28.6 million during the second quarter, which was fully allocated at the time of the charge off. The Company expects to collect the remainder of the outstanding principal balance from sale and liquidation proceeds and proceeds from the personal guarantee from the borrower.

The Company recorded provision expense of $3.0 million during the second quarter of 2025, compared to $8.5 million during the second quarter of 2024. Provision expense during the quarter was primarily driven by an increase in the specific reserve allocation from the aforementioned nonperforming credit as well as loan growth during the period. Net charge-offs were $28.9 million during the second quarter of 2025 compared to $949,000 during the second quarter of 2024.

Additional factors considered by management in determining provision expense included key loan quality metrics, reserve coverage of nonperforming loans, economic conditions in the Company’s markets, and changes in the facts and circumstances of watch list credits, which includes the security position of the borrower. Management’s overall view on current credit quality was also a factor in the determination of the provision for credit losses. The Company’s management continues to monitor the adequacy of the provision based on loan levels, asset quality, economic conditions and other factors that may influence the assessment of the collectability of loans.

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Noninterest Income

Noninterest income categories for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are shown in the following tables:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024			Dollar Change		Percent Change
Wealth advisory fees	$	5,534		$	5,052		$	482	9.5	%
Investment brokerage fees	1,002			1,000			2		0.2
Service charges on deposit accounts	5,601			5,497			104		1.9
Loan and service fees	5,890			5,900			(10)		(0.2)
Merchant and interchange fee income	1,676			1,755			(79)		(4.5)
Bank owned life insurance income	1,362			1,926			(564)		(29.3)
Interest rate swap fee income	20			0			20		100.0
Mortgage banking income (loss)	73			75			(2)		(2.7)
Net securities gains (losses)	0			(46)			46		100.0
Net gain on Visa shares	0			9,011			(9,011)		(100.0)
Other income	1,256			2,881			(1,625)		(56.4)
Total noninterest income	$	22,414		$	33,051		$	(10,637)	(32.2)	%
Noninterest income to total revenue	17.22		%	25.67		%


	Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024			Dollar Change		Percent Change
Wealth advisory fees	$	2,667		$	2,597		$	70	2.7	%
Investment brokerage fees	550			478			72		15.1
Service charges on deposit accounts	2,827			2,806			21		0.7
Loan and service fees	3,006			3,048			(42)		(1.4)
Merchant card fee income	854			892			(38)		(4.3)
Bank owned life insurance income	1,040			890			150		16.9
Interest rate swap fee income	20			0			20		100.0
Mortgage banking income (loss)	124			23			101		439.1

Net gain on Visa shares	0			9,011			(9,011)		(100.0)
Other income	398			694			(296)		(42.7)
Total noninterest income	$	11,486		$	20,439		$	(8,953)	(43.8)	%
Noninterest income to total revenue	17.31		%	29.74		%

Noninterest income decreased by $10.6 million, or 32.2%, to $22.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $33.1 million for the prior year six-month period. Noninterest income was elevated during the first six months of 2024 as compared to the comparable period of 2025 primarily as a result of the net gain on Visa shares of $9.0 million and a $1.0 million insurance recovery. Adjusted core noninterest income, a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the impact of these non-routine events, declined $626,000, or 2.7%, from $23.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Other income decreased $1.6 million, or 56.4%, as other income during the first six months of 2024 benefited from the $1.0 million insurance recovery. Reduced limited partnership investment income further contributed to the decline between the periods. Bank owned life insurance income decreased $564,000, or 29.3%, primarily as a result of reduced market performance from the Bank's variable bank owned life insurance policies, which correlate to returns in the equities markets. Offsetting these decreases were increases to wealth advisory fees of $482,000, or 9.5%, and service charges on deposit accounts of $104,000, or 1.9%. The increase in wealth advisory fees was primarily driven by continued growth in customers and assets under management.

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The Company’s noninterest income decreased $9.0 million, or 43.8%, to $11.5 million for the second quarter of 2025, compared to $20.4 million for the second quarter of 2024. Noninterest income was elevated during the second quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2025 as a result of the net gain on Visa shares of $9.0 million that was recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Adjusted core noninterest income, a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the effect of the net gain on Visa shares, increased $58,000, or less than 1%, from $11.4 million during the second quarter of 2024. Bank owned life insurance income increased $150,000, or 16.9%, primarily as a result of increased general account bank owned life insurance income from the purchase of insurance policies during the second quarter of 2025. Mortgage banking income increased $101,000 due to growth in the Company's mortgage pipeline, which favorably impacted secondary market loan sale gains and mortgage rate lock income. Wealth advisory fees increased $70,000, or 2.7%, driven by continued growth in customers and assets under management. Investment brokerage fees increased $72,000, or 15.1%, due to increased volume and product mix. Offsetting these increases was a decrease to other income of $296,000, or 42.7%, primarily driven by reduced limited partnership investment income.

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense categories for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are shown in the following tables:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024			Dollar Change		Percent Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	34,998		$	32,991		$	2,007	6.1	%
Net occupancy expense	3,727			3,438			289		8.4
Equipment costs	2,819			2,755			64		2.3
Data processing fees and supplies	8,417			7,651			766		10.0
Corporate and business development	2,566			2,646			(80)		(3.0)
FDIC insurance and other regulatory fees	1,639			1,605			34		2.1
Professional fees	4,086			4,586			(500)		(10.9)

Other expense	4,943			8,366			(3,423)		(40.9)
Total noninterest expense	$	63,195		$	64,038		$	(843)	(1.3)	%
Efficiency ratio	48.55		%	49.73		%


	Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024			Dollar Change		Percent Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	17,096		$	16,158		$	938	5.8	%
Net occupancy expense	1,747			1,698			49		2.9
Equipment costs	1,437			1,343			94		7.0
Data processing fees and supplies	4,152			3,812			340		8.9
Corporate and business development	1,160			1,265			(105)		(8.3)
FDIC insurance and other regulatory fees	839			816			23		2.8
Professional fees	1,706			2,123			(417)		(19.6)

Other expense	2,295			6,118			(3,823)		(62.5)
Total noninterest expense	$	30,432		$	33,333		$	(2,901)	(8.7)	%
Efficiency ratio	45.86		%	48.49		%

Noninterest expense decreased by $843,000, or 1.3%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to $63.2 million compared to $64.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Noninterest expense was elevated during the first six months of 2024 as compared to 2025 due to a $4.5 million accrual that was recorded from the resolution of a legal matter. Adjusted core noninterest expense, which excludes the impact of the $4.5 million legal accrual, increased $3.7 million, or 6.2%, from $59.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Salaries and benefits expense increased by $2.0 million, or 6.1%, due primarily to increased performance-based compensation accruals of $1.3 million, increased salaries of $1.3 million and offset by decreased deferred compensation expense of $763,000. Data processing fees and supplies and expense increased $766,000, or 10.0%. Net occupancy expense increased $289,000, or 8.4%, as a result of increased occupancy expense from the continued expansion of the Company's branch network and improvements to existing facilities. Offsetting these increases were decreases to other expense of $3.4 million, or 40.9%, and professional fees of $500,000, or 10.9%.

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Noninterest expense decreased $2.9 million, or 8.7%, to $30.4 million for the second quarter of 2025, compared to $33.3 million during the second quarter of 2024. Noninterest expense was elevated during the second quarter of 2024 as compared to 2025 due to a $4.5 million accrual that was recorded from the resolution of a legal matter. Adjusted core noninterest expense, which excludes the impact of the legal accrual, increased $1.6 million, or 5.7%, from $28.8 million for the second quarter of 2024. Salaries and benefits expense increased by $938,000, or 5.8%. The primary drivers for the increase to salaries and benefits expense were increased salaries expense of $756,000 and increased health insurance expense of $127,000. Additionally, data processing fees and supplies expense increased $340,000, or 8.9%, from continued investment in customer-facing and operational technology solutions. Offsetting these increases were decreases to other expense of $3.8 million, or 62.5%, professional fees of $417,000, or 19.6%, and corporate and business development expense of $105,000, or 8.3%. The decrease to other expense was driven by the legal accrual recorded during the second quarter of 2024. The decrease to professional fees was primarily driven by reduced technology implementation consulting fees and swap collateral fees. Corporate and business development expense decreased primarily as a result of lower advertising expense.

The Company's income tax expense increased $1.3 million, or 15.3%, to $10.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $8.8 million for the same period in 2024. The effective tax rate was 17.7% in the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 16.0% for the comparable period of 2024, driven by a reduction in the tax benefit recognized from stock-based compensation vesting of shares for plan participants.

On July 4, 2025, the United States enacted tax reform legislation through the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which changes existing U.S. tax laws, including extending or making permanent certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and repealing certain clean energy initiatives, in addition to other changes. The Company anticipates an insignificant impact to deferred tax assets and liabilities and to income taxes payable in the period of enactment. The Company continues to evaluate the impact the new legislation will have on the consolidated financial statements.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Overview

Total assets were $6.964 billion as of June 30, 2025 versus $6.678 billion as of December 31, 2024, an increase of $285.9 million, or 4.3% . Balance sheet expansion was driven by increases to t otal loans, net of the allowance for credit losses, which increased $128.3 million, or 2.5%, cash and cash equivalents, which increased $142.0 million, or 84.4%, and available-for-sale securities, which increased $5.5 million, or 0.6%. The balance sheet expansion from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025 was funded by an increase in total deposits of $275.9 million, or 4.7%. The increase in total deposits was driven by an increase in interest bearing deposits of $311.6 million, or 6.8%, and was offset by a decrease in noninterest bearing deposits of $35.7 million, or 2.8%. Total equity increased $26.1 million, or 3.8%, from $683.9 million at December 31, 2024 to $710.0 million at June 30, 2025. Retained earnings increased $21.3 million, or 2.9%, as a result of net income of $47.1 million offset by dividends declared and paid of $25.7 million.

Uses of Funds

Total Cash and Cash Equivalents

Total cash and cash equivalents increased by $142.0 million, or 84.4%, to $310.2 million at June 30, 2025, from $168.2 million at December 31, 2024. Cash and cash equivalents include short-term investments. The fluctuation in cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2025 was driven by an increase in cash and due from banks of $25.7 million, or 35.8%, and an increase in interest bearing short-term investment accounts of $116.3 million, or 120.5%, which were deposited primarily at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

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Investment Portfolio

The amortized cost and the fair value of securities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:


	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available-for-Sale

U.S government sponsored agencies	$	136,779	$	113,091	$	137,150	$	109,435
Mortgage-backed securities: residential	501,415		439,805		500,278		422,409

State and municipal securities	544,034		444,061		545,073		459,582
Total available-for-sale	$	1,182,228	$	996,957	$	1,182,501	$	991,426

Held-to-Maturity
State and municipal securities	$	132,389	$	107,979	$	131,568	$	113,107

Total Investment Portfolio	$	1,314,617	$	1,104,936	$	1,314,069	$	1,104,533

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government agencies and government sponsored entities, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity. Management is aware that the directional change in the fair value of the available-for-sale investment securities portfolio is inversely related to the directional movement of the interest rate environment, with the resulting impact being reflected in the unrealized gain (loss) of the available-for-sale investment securities portfolio. Since the majority of the bonds in the investment portfolio are fixed-rate, with only a few adjustable-rate bonds, we would expect our investment portfolio to follow this market value pattern. This is taken into consideration when evaluating the gain or loss of investment securities in the portfolio and the potential for an allowance for credit losses.

Purchases of available-for-sale securities were $32.8 million in the first six months of 2025. Investment securities represented 16.2% of total assets on June 30, 2025, compared to 16.8% of total assets on December 31, 2024. The Company anticipates receiving principal and interest cash flows of approximately $54.5 million during the remainder of 2025 from the investment securities portfolio and plans to use that liquidity to fund loan growth as well as to fund reinvestments to the investment securities portfolio. Tax equivalent adjusted effective duration for the investment securities portfolio was 5.9 years at June 30, 2025 and 6.0 years at December 31, 2024. Paydowns from prepayments and scheduled payments of $31.3 million were received in the first six months of 2025, and the amortization of premiums, net of the accretion of discounts, was $2.0 million. There were no sales of available-for-sale investment securities in the first six months of 2025. No allowance for credit losses was recognized for available-for-sale or held-to-maturity securities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The fair value of the available-for-sale investment securities portfolio as of June 30, 2025 included net unrealized losses of $185.3 million, compared to net unrealized losses of $191.1 million as of December 31, 2024. Unrealized losses in the available-for-sale investment securities portfolio resulted from the declines in market values of the investment securities resulting from the rise in interest rates.

The investment portfolio is managed by a third-party firm to provide for an appropriate balance between liquidity, credit risk, interest rate risk management and investment return and to limit the Company’s exposure to credit risk in the investment securities portfolio. The Company does not trade or invest in or sponsor certain unregistered investment companies defined as hedge funds and private equity funds under what is commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule” of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

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Real Estate Mortgage Loans Held-for-Sale

Real estate mortgage loans held-for-sale decreased by $63,000, or 3.7%, to $1.6 million at June 30, 2025, from $1.7 million at December 31, 2024. The balance of this asset category is subject to a high degree of variability depending on, among other factors, recent mortgage loan rates and the timing of loan sales into the secondary market. The Company generally sells conforming qualifying mortgage loans it originates on the secondary market. Proceeds from sales of residential mortgages totaled $8.7 million in the first six months of 2025, compared to $9.1 million in the first six months of 2024. Management expects the volume of loans originated for sale in the secondary market to increase if long-term interest rates decline from current levels. Demand for mortgage loans has been impacted by elevated interest rates, limited housing inventory and existing home owners locked in at historically low rates. Mortgage loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of loans serviced for others were $302.6 million and $313.0 million, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Loan Portfolio

The loan portfolio by portfolio segment as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is summarized as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024				Current Period Change
Commercial and industrial loans	$	1,493,762	28.6	%	$	1,450,865	28.3	%	$	42,897
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans	2,680,389		51.2		2,592,520		50.6		87,869
Agri-business and agricultural loans	339,435		6.5		387,396		7.6		(47,961)
Other commercial loans	95,442		1.8		95,584		1.9		(142)
Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans	516,068		9.9		490,229		9.6		25,839
Other consumer loans	103,880		2.0		104,041		2.0		(161)
Subtotal, gross loans	5,228,976		100.0	%	5,120,635		100.0	%	108,341
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(66,552)				(85,960)				19,408
Net deferred loan fees	(2,149)				(2,687)				538
Loans, net	$	5,160,275			$	5,031,988			$	128,287

Total net loans, excluding real estate mortgage loans held-for-sale, increased by $128.3 million, or 2.5%, to $5.160 billion at June 30, 2025 from $5.032 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by originations of loans concentrated in the commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans and consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans categories and was offset by paydowns in the agri-business and agricultural loans segment which traditionally experiences seasonal fluctuations in activity.

The following table summarizes the Company’s non-performing assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans	$	30,627		$	56,431
Loans past due over 90 days and still accruing	7			28
Total nonperforming loans	30,634			56,459
Other real estate owned	284			284
Repossessions	183			143
Total nonperforming assets	$	31,101		$	56,886

Individually analyzed loans	$	52,069		$	78,647

Nonperforming loans to total loans	0.59		%	1.10		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.45		%	0.85		%

Total nonperforming assets decreased by $25.8 million, or 45.3%, to $31.1 million during the six month period ended June 30, 2025. The ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets decreased 40 basis points from 0.85% at December 31, 2024 to

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0.45% at June 30, 2025. The decrease in nonperforming assets was driven by the $28.6 million partial charge off related to the previously disclosed $43.3 million nonperforming loan.

A loan is individually analyzed when full payment under the original loan terms is not expected. The analysis for smaller loans that are similar in nature and which are not in nonaccrual or modified status, such as residential mortgage, consumer, and credit card loans, is determined based on the class of loans. If a loan is individually analyzed, a portion of the allowance may be allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Total individually analyzed loans decreased by $26.6 million, or 33.8%, to $52.1 million at June 30, 2025 from $78.6 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease to individually analyzed loans was primarily related to the previously disclosed $28.6 million partial loan charge off, which was fully allocated for.

Loans are charged against the allowance for credit losses when management believes that the principal is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb current expected credit losses relating to specifically identified loans based on an evaluation of the loans by management, as well as other current expected losses in the loan portfolio. The evaluations take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans and current economic conditions that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay. Management also considers trends in adversely classified loans based upon a monthly review of those credits. General allowance is determined after considering the following factors: application of loss percentages using a probability of default/loss given default approach subject to a floor, emerging market risk, commercial loan focus and large credit concentrations, new industry lending activity and current economic conditions. Federal regulations require insured institutions to classify their own assets on a regular basis. The regulations provide for three categories of classified loans: Substandard, Doubtful and Loss. The regulations also contain a Special Mention category. Special Mention applies to loans that do not currently expose an insured institution to a sufficient degree of risk to warrant classification as Substandard, Doubtful or Loss but do possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention. The Company’s policy is to establish a specific allowance for credit losses for any assets where management has identified conditions or circumstances that indicate an asset is nonperforming. If an asset or portion thereof is classified as a loss, the Company’s policy is to either establish specified allowances for credit losses in the amount of 100% of the portion of the asset classified loss or charge-off such amount.

At June 30, 2025, the allowance for credit losses was 1.27% of total loans, a decrease of 41 basis points from 1.68% at December 31, 2024. At June 30, 2025, management believed the allowance for credit losses was at a level commensurate with the overall risk exposure of the loan portfolio. However, if economic conditions deteriorate, certain borrowers may experience difficulty and the level of nonperforming loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise and require increases in the allowance for credit losses. The process of identifying credit losses is a subjective process.

The Company has a relatively high percentage of commercial and commercial real estate loans, which are extended to businesses with a broad range of revenue and within a wide variety of industries. Traditionally, this type of lending may have more credit risk than other types of lending because of the size and diversity of the credits. The Company manages this risk by utilizing relatively conservative credit structures, by adjusting its pricing to the perceived risk of each individual credit and by diversifying the portfolio by customer, product, industry and market area. The Company has limited exposure to commercial office space borrowers, all of which are located in the Bank's Indiana markets. Loans totaling $106.9 million for this sector represented 2.1% of total loans at June 30, 2025. Additionally, commercial real estate loans secured by multi-family residential properties and secured by non-farm non-residential properties were approximately 221.0% of the Bank's risk-based capital at June 30, 2025. The Company continues to monitor the impact of tariffs on its borrowers.

As of June 30, 2025, based on management’s review of the loan portfolio, the Company had 89 credit relationships with principal balances totaling $191.6 million on the classified loan list versus 81 credit relationships with principal balances totaling $211.1 million as of December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had $132.5 million of assets classified as Special Mention, $44.3 million classified as Substandard, $14.8 million classified as Doubtful and $0 classified as Loss as compared to $123.6 million, $44.0 million, $43.5 million and $0, respectively, at December 31, 2024. Watch list loans as a percentage of total loans were 3.67% as of June 30, 2025, down 46 basis points from 4.13% at December 31, 2024.

Allowance estimates are developed by management after taking into account actual loss experience adjusted for current economic conditions and a reasonably supportable forecast period. The Company has annual discussions regarding this methodology with regulatory authorities. Allowance estimates are considered a prudent measurement of the risk in the Company’s loan portfolio based upon loan segment. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the allowance is based on information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts

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that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. For a more thorough discussion of the allowance for credit losses methodology see the "Critical Accounting Policies" section of this Item 2.

The allowance for credit losses decreased $19.4 million, or 22.6%, from $86.0 million at December 31, 2024 to $66.6 million at June 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by net charge offs of $29.2 million. Net charge offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily consisted of one $28.6 million partial loan charge off previously discussed. As the bulk of the Company’s lending activity is concentrated in the commercial loan portfolio, which can result in overall asset quality being influenced by a small number of credits, management has historically considered growth and portfolio composition when determining credit loss allocations.

Sources of Funds

The Company's sources of funds include a diversified deposit base gathered throughout the Company's footprint and includes a growing mix of commercial, retail and public funds deposit accounts. While the traditional base of core deposits represents the primary source of funding for the Company, the Company has access to a robust array of other liquidity sources, including secured borrowings available from the Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window. In addition, the Company has access to unsecured borrowing capacity through long established relationships within the brokered deposit markets, Federal Funds lines from correspondent bank partners and Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) one-way buy funds available from the Intrafi network. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had access to $3.678 billion in unused liquidity available from these aggregate sources as compared to $3.681 billion at December 31, 2024.

The average daily deposits and borrowings together with average rates paid on those deposits and borrowings for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are summarized in the following table:


	Six months ended June 30,
	2025				2024
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Rate		Balance		Rate
Noninterest bearing demand deposits	$	1,251,161	0.00	%	$	1,252,503	0.00	%
Savings and transaction accounts:
Savings deposits	284,922		0.06		292,378		0.07
Interest bearing demand deposits	3,627,952		3.31		3,161,230		4.05
Time deposits:
Deposits of $100,000 or more	611,351		4.07		798,442		4.52
Other time deposits	210,841		3.42		220,643		3.45
Total deposits	$	5,986,227	2.55	%	$	5,725,196	3.00	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings	67,109		4.57		126,443		5.62
Total funding sources	$	6,053,336	2.57	%	$	5,851,639	3.06	%

Average total deposits were $5.986 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of $261.0 million, or 4.6%, from the comparable period in 2024. Average total borrowings were $67.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $59.3. million, or 46.9%, from the comparable period in 2024. Total average deposit costs decreased 45 basis points from 3.00% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, to 2.55% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Total average borrowing costs decreased 105 basis points from 5.62% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 4.57% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. As a result, total funding costs decreased by 49 basis points from 3.06% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, to 2.57% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease in funding costs between the two periods was attributable to easing of monetary policy by the Federal Reserve Bank which allowed deposit costs to reprice to lower levels and reduced the borrowings average rates.

Deposits and Borrowings

As of June 30, 2025, total deposits increased by $275.9 million, or 4.7%, from December 31, 2024. Core deposits, which excludes brokered deposits, increased by $167.0 million, or 2.9%, to $6.026 billion as of June 30, 2025 from $5.859 billion as of December 31, 2024. Total brokered deposits were $150.4 million at June 30, 2025, compared to $41.6 million at December 31, 2024, an increase of $108.9 million, or 261.9%.

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The following table summarizes deposit composition at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2025		Percentage of Total		December 31, 2024		Percentage of Total		Current Period Change
Retail	$	1,755,750	28.4	%	$	1,780,726	30.2	%	$	(24,976)
Commercial	2,256,620		36.6		2,269,049		38.4		(12,429)
Public funds	2,014,047		32.6		1,809,631		30.7		204,416
Core deposits	$	6,026,417	97.6	%	$	5,859,406	99.3	%	$	167,011
Brokered deposits	150,416		2.4		41,560		0.7		108,856
Total deposits	$	6,176,833	100.0	%	$	5,900,966	100.0	%	$	275,867

On June 30, 2025, commercial deposits represented 36.6% of total deposits versus 38.4% at December 31, 2024. Retail deposits represented 28.4% at June 30, 2025 versus 30.2% at December 31, 2024. Public Funds deposits represented 32.6% at June 30, 2025 versus 30.7% at December 31, 2024. Brokered deposits represented 2.4% of total deposits at June 30, 2025 versus 0.7% at December 31, 2024. Commercial deposits contracted $12.4 million, or 0.5%, from $2.269 billion at December 31, 2024 to $2.257 billion at June 30, 2025; retail deposits contracted $25.0 million, or 1.4%, from $1.781 billion at December 31, 2024 to $1.756 billion at June 30, 2025; and public funds deposits expanded $204.4 million, or 11.3%, from $1.810 billion at December 31, 2024 to $2.014 billion at June 30, 2025, due to growth in public funds customers and seasonal activity.

Deposits not covered by FDIC deposit insurance were 59.4% as of June 30, 2025, versus 62.1% at December 31, 2024. Deposits not covered by FDIC deposit insurance or the Indiana Public Deposit Insurance Fund, which insures public fund deposits in Indiana, were 27.1% of total deposits as of June 30, 2025, versus 32.3% as of December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 98.2% and 98.0% of deposit accounts had deposit balances less than $250,000, respectively.

Capital

As of June 30, 2025, total stockholders’ equity was $710.0 million, an increase of $26.1 million, or 3.8%, from $683.9 million at December 31, 2024. The increase to total stockholders' equity was driven by net income of $47.1 million and was reduced by dividends declared and paid of $25.7 million and improvement of $5.4 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

The impact on equity for other comprehensive income (loss) is not included in regulatory capital. The banking regulators have established guidelines for leverage capital requirements, expressed in terms of Tier 1, or core capital, as a percentage of average assets, to measure the soundness of a financial institution. In addition, banking regulators have established risk-based capital guidelines for U.S. banking organizations. As of June 30, 2025, the Company's capital levels remained characterized as “well-capitalized”.

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The actual capital amounts and ratios of the Company and the Bank as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, are presented in the table below. Capital ratios for June 30, 2025 are preliminary until the Call Report and FR Y-9C are filed.


	Actual				Minimum Required For Capital Adequacy Purposes				For Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer				Minimum Required to Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
As of June 30, 2025:
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)
Consolidated	$	932,690	15.86	%	$	470,361	8.00	%	$	617,348	N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	$	929,068	15.81	%	$	470,071	8.00	%	$	616,968	10.50	%	$	587,588	10.00	%
Tier I Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)
Consolidated	$	866,049	14.73	%	$	352,771	6.00	%	$	499,758	N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	$	862,427	14.68	%	$	352,553	6.00	%	$	499,450	8.50	%	$	470,071	8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1)
Consolidated	$	866,049	14.73	%	$	264,578	4.50	%	$	411,566	N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	$	862,427	14.68	%	$	264,415	4.50	%	$	411,312	7.00	%	$	381,932	6.50	%
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets)
Consolidated	$	866,049	12.21	%	$	283,654	4.00	%	$	283,654	N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	$	862,427	12.17	%	$	283,399	4.00	%	$	283,399	4.00	%	$	354,249	5.00	%

As of December 31, 2024:
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)
Consolidated	$	917,769	15.90	%	$	461,847	8.00	%	$	606,175	N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	$	909,232	15.76	%	$	461,612	8.00	%	$	605,866	10.50	%	$	577,015	10.00	%
Tier I Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)
Consolidated	$	845,352	14.64	%	$	346,385	6.00	%	$	490,713	N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	$	836,845	14.50	%	$	346,209	6.00	%	$	490,463	8.50	%	$	461,612	8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1)
Consolidated	$	845,352	14.64	%	$	259,789	4.50	%	$	404,116	N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	$	836,845	14.50	%	$	259,657	4.50	%	$	403,911	7.00	%	$	375,060	6.50	%
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets)
Consolidated	$	845,352	12.15	%	$	278,369	4.00	%	$	278,369	N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	$	836,845	12.03	%	$	278,240	4.00	%	$	278,240	4.00	%	$	347,800	5.00	%

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document (including information incorporated by reference) contains, and future oral and written statements of the Company and its management may contain, forward-looking statements, within the meaning of such term in the federal securities law. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are generally identifiable by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “possible,” “continue,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should” or other similar expressions. Additionally, all statements in this document, including forward-looking statements, speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any statement in light of new information or future events.

The Company’s ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain and, accordingly, the reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement made by the Company. Actual results could differ materially from those addressed in the forward-looking statements as a result of numerous factors, including, without limitation:

• the effects of future economic, business and market conditions and changes, particularly in our Indiana market area, including prevailing interest rates and the rate of inflation;

• governmental trade, monetary, tax and fiscal policies;

• the risks of changes in interest rates on the levels, composition and costs of deposits, loan demand and the values and liquidity of loan collateral, securities and other interest sensitive assets and liabilities;

• changes in borrowers’ credit risks and payment behaviors;

• the failure of assumptions and estimates used in our reviews of our loan portfolio, underlying the establishment of reserves for possible credit losses, our analysis of our capital position and other estimates;

• the performance of our commercial real estate loan portfolio, including the effects of the elevated interest rate environment, the strength of the commercial real estate market in our Indiana markets, and recent changes in retail and office usage patterns;

• risk of cybersecurity attacks that could result in damage to the Company's or third-party service providers' networks or data of the Company;

• the timing and scope of any legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators;

• the effects of competition from a wide variety of local, regional, national and other providers of financial, investment and insurance services;

• the effects of war or other conflicts, acts of terrorism or other catastrophic events, including storms, droughts, tornados and flooding, that may affect general economic conditions, including agricultural production and demand and prices for agricultural goods and land used for agricultural purposes, generally and in our markets;

• the effects of disruption and volatility in capital markets on the value of our investment portfolio;

• changes in the prices, values and sales volumes of residential real estate;

• changes in the scope and cost of FDIC insurance, the state of Indiana’s Public Deposit Insurance Fund and other coverages;

• the impact of litigation and other claims we may be subject to from time to time;

• the effects of fraud by or affecting employees, customers or third parties;

• changes in the availability and cost of credit and capital in the financial markets;

• changes in technology or products that may be more difficult or costly, or less effective than anticipated;

• changes in accounting policies, rules and practices;

• the risks related to mergers, acquisitions and divestitures, including, without limitation, the related time and costs of implementing such transactions, integrating operations as part of these transactions and possible failures to achieve expected gains, revenue growth and/or expense savings from such transactions; and

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• the risks noted in the Risk Factors discussed under Item 1A of Part 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as well as other risks and uncertainties set forth from time to time in the Company’s other filings with the SEC.

These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements.

ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest rate risk represents the Company’s primary market risk exposure. The Company does not have a material exposure to foreign currency exchange risk, does not have a material amount of derivative financial instruments and does not maintain a trading portfolio. The use of financial derivatives is limited to the back-to-back swap program for borrowers. The Corporate Risk Committee of the Board of Directors annually reviews and approves the policy used to manage interest rate risk. The policy was last reviewed and approved in July 2025. The policy sets guidelines for balance sheet structure, which are designed to protect the Company from the impact that interest rate changes could have on net income but do not necessarily indicate the effect on future net interest income. The Company, through the Bank's Asset and Liability Committee, manages interest rate risk by monitoring the computer simulated earnings impact of various rate scenarios and general market conditions. The Company then modifies its long-term risk parameters by attempting to generate the types of loans, investments, and deposits that currently fit the Company’s needs, as determined by the Asset and Liability Committee. This computer simulation analysis measures the net interest income impact of various interest rate scenario changes during the next twelve months. The Company continually evaluates the assumptions used in the model. The current balance sheet structure is considered to be within acceptable risk levels.

Interest rate scenarios for the base, falling 300 basis points, falling 200 basis points, falling 100 basis points, falling 50 basis points, falling 25 basis points, rising 25 basis points, rising 50 basis points, rising 100 basis points, rising 200 basis points and rising 300 basis points are listed below based upon the Company’s rate sensitive assets and liabilities at June 30, 2025. The net interest income shown represents cumulative net interest income over a twelve-month time horizon. Balance sheet assumptions used for the base scenario are the same for the rising and falling simulations.

The base scenario is an annual calculation that is highly dependent on numerous assumptions embedded in the model. While the base sensitivity analysis incorporates management’s best estimate of interest rate and balance sheet dynamics under various market rate movements, the actual behavior and resulting earnings impact will likely differ from that projected. For certain assets, the base simulation model captures the expected prepayment behavior under changing interest rate environments. Assumptions and methodologies regarding the interest rate or balance behavior of indeterminate maturity core deposit products, such as savings, money market, NOW and demand deposits reflect management’s best estimate of expected future behavior.


(dollars in thousands)	Base		Falling (300 Basis Points)			Falling (200 Basis Points)			Falling (100 Basis Points)			Falling (50 Basis Points)			Falling (25 Basis Points)			Rising (25 Basis Points)			Rising (50 Basis Points)			Rising (100 Basis Points)			Rising (200 Basis Points)			Rising (300 Basis Points)
Net interest income	$	232,857	$	225,681		$	229,714		$	231,884		$	232,522		$	232,757		$	232,888		$	232,853		$	232,721		$	232,219		$	231,597
Variance from Base			$	(7,176)		$	(3,143)		$	(973)		$	(335)		$	(100)		$	31		$	(4)		$	(136)		$	(638)		$	(1,260)
Percent of change from Base			(3.08)		%	(1.35)		%	(0.42)		%	(0.14)		%	(0.04)		%	0.01		%	0.00		%	(0.06)		%	(0.27)		%	(0.54)		%

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ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, management has evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) were effective as of June 30, 2025. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, there were no changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect its internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company or its subsidiaries is a party other than ordinary, routine litigation incidental to their respective businesses.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A of Part I of the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Please refer to that section of the Company’s Form 10-K for disclosures regarding the risks and uncertainties related to the Company’s business.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PARTIES

On April 8, 2025, the Company's board of directors reauthorized and extended a share repurchase program through April 30, 2027, under which the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time as the Company deems appropriate, shares of the Company's common stock with an aggregate purchase price of up to $30.0 million. Repurchases may be made in the open market, through block trades or otherwise, and in privately negotiated transactions. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any dollar amount or number of shares, and the program may be extended, modified, suspended or discontinued at any time.

During the second quarter of 2025, the Company repurchased 30,300 shares of its common stock for $1.7 million at a weighted average price per share of $55.94. At June 30, 2025, total remaining authorization of $28.3 million was available and outstanding under the plan.

The following table provides information as of June 30, 2025 with respect to shares of common stock repurchased by the Company during the quarter then ended:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (a)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Appropriate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
April 1 - 30	15,300	$	55.69	15,300	$	29,148,003
May 1 - 31	16,499	56.26		15,000	28,305,044
June 1 - 30	0	0.00		0	28,305,044
Total	31,799	$	55.98	30,300	$	28,305,044

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(a) A total of 1,499 of the shares purchased during May were credited to the deferred share accounts of non-employee directors under the Company’s directors’ deferred compensation plan. These shares were purchased at a weighted average price per share of $58.85. These shares are held in treasury stock of the Company and were purchased in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

N/A

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits



31.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
31.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
32.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101			Interactive Data File
			Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024; and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

LAKELAND FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Registrant)


Date: August 6, 2025			/s/ David M. Findlay
			David M. Findlay – Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Date: August 6, 2025			/s/ Lisa M. O’Neill
			Lisa M. O’Neill – Executive Vice President and
			Chief Financial Officer
			(principal financial officer)

Date: August 6, 2025			/s/ Brok A. Lahrman
			Brok A. Lahrman – Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
			(principal accounting officer)

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Item 1. Financial Statements Note 1. Basis Of Presentation Note 2. Securities Note 3. Loans Note 4. Allowance For Credit Losses and Credit Quality Note 5. Borrowings Note 6. Fair Value Disclosures Note 7. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities Note 8. Earnings Per Share Note 9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)Note 10. Leases Item 2 - Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4 Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

LKFN 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2025

Exhibits