LNTH 10-K Annual Report Dec. 31, 2018

LANTHEUS HOLDINGS, INC.

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10-K 1 lnth_12312018x10k.htm 10-K Document

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

_______________________________________________________________

FORM 10-K

_______________________________________________________________

(Mark One)



þ	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018



☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-36569

_______________________________________________________________

LANTHEUS HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_______________________________________________________________



Delaware		35-2318913
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, MA		01862
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (978) 671-8001

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of Each Class		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share		NASDAQ Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

_______________________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	þ

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

		Emerging growth company	þ

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Act) Yes ☐ No þ

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2018 was approximately $550.4 million based on the last reported sale price of the registrant’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market on June 30, 2018 of $14.55 per share.

As of February 15, 2019 the registrant had 38,547,954 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, issued and outstanding.

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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Listed hereunder are the documents, portions of which are incorporated by reference, and the parts of this Form 10-K into which such portions are incorporated:

The Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for use in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on April 25, 2019 , portions of which are incorporated by reference into Parts II and III of this Form 10-K. The 2019 Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the close of our year ended December 31, 2018 .

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LANTHEUS HOLDINGS, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business	3
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	22
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	42
Item 2.	Properties	42
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	43
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	43
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	44
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	46
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	48
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	64
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	65
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	97
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	97
Item 9B.	Other Information	97
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	98
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	98
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	98
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	98
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	98
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	99
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	101
SIGNATURES		102

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “Lantheus,” “the Company,” “our company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Lantheus Holdings, Inc. and, as the context requires, its direct and indirect subsidiaries, references to “Lantheus Holdings” refer to Lantheus Holdings, Inc. and references to “LMI” refer to Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary.

Some of the statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements, including, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies, prospects and industry estimates are subject to risks and uncertainties. These statements identify prospective information and include words such as “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “seeks,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “should,” “could,” “predicts,” “hopes” and similar expressions. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements we make regarding: (i) our outlook and expectations including, without limitation, in connection with continued market expansion and penetration for our commercial products, particularly DEFINITY in the face of segment competition and potential generic competition as a result of future patent and regulatory exclusivity expirations; (ii) our outlook and expectations related to the global Molybdenum-99 (“Moly”) supply; (iii) our outlook and expectations in connection with future performance of Xenon in the face of increased competition; and (iv) our outlook and expectations related to products manufactured at Jubilant HollisterStier (“JHS”). Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, such statements are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Such statements are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of future performance. The matters referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may not in fact occur. We caution you therefore, against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include regional, national or global political, economic, business, competitive, market and regulatory conditions and the following:

•

Our ability to continue to grow the appropriate use of DEFINITY in suboptimal echocardiograms in the face of segment competition from other echocardiography contrast agents, including Optison from GE Healthcare Limited (“GE Healthcare”) and Lumason from Bracco Diagnostics Inc. (“Bracco”), and potential generic competition as a result of future patent and regulatory exclusivity expirations;


•	The instability of the global Moly supply, including outages at the NTP Radioisotopes (“NTP”) processing facility in South Africa from late November 2017 until mid-February 2018 and again from early June 2018 through mid-November 2018, resulting in our inability to fill all of the demand for our TechneLite generators on certain manufacturing days during those periods;


•	Risks associated with revenues and unit volumes for Xenon in pulmonary studies as a result of increased competition from Curium;


•	Our dependence upon third parties for the manufacture and supply of a substantial portion of our products, raw materials and components, including DEFINITY at JHS;


•	Our dependence on key customers for our medical imaging products, and our ability to maintain and profitably renew our contracts with those key customers, including Cardinal Health (“Cardinal”), United Pharmacy Partners (“UPPI”), GE Healthcare and Jubilant Drax Image Radiopharmaceuticals (“JDI”) d/b/a Triad Isotopes, Inc. (“Triad”);


•	Our inability to identify and acquire or in-license additional products, businesses or technologies to drive our future growth;


•	Risks associated with the technology transfer programs to secure production of our products at additional contract manufacturer sites, including a modified formulation of DEFINITY at Samsung BioLogics (“SBL”) in South Korea;


•	Risks associated with our lead agent in development, flurpiridaz F 18, which in 2017 we out-licensed to GE Healthcare, including:


•	The ability to successfully complete the Phase 3 development program;


•	The ability to obtain Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval; and


•	The ability to gain post-approval market acceptance and adequate reimbursement;


•	Risks associated with the internal clinical development of DEFINITY for a left ventricular ejection fraction (“LVEF”) indication and LMI 1195 for patient populations that would benefit from molecular imaging of the norepinephrine pathway, including risk stratification of ischemic heart failure patients at risk of sudden cardiac death;


•	Risks associated with the manufacturing and distribution of our products and the regulatory requirements related thereto;

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•	Risks associated with our investment in, and construction of, additional specialized manufacturing capabilities at our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility;


•	The dependence of certain of our customers upon third-party healthcare payors and the uncertainty of third-party coverage and reimbursement rates;


•	Uncertainties regarding the impact of on-going U.S. healthcare reform proposals on our business, including related reimbursements for our current and potential future products;


•	Our being subject to extensive government regulation, our potential inability to comply with those regulations and the costs of compliance;


•	Potential liability associated with our marketing and sales practices;


•	The occurrence of any serious or unanticipated side effects with our products;


•	Our exposure to potential product liability claims and environmental, health and safety liability;


•	The extensive costs, time and uncertainty associated with new product development, including further product development relying on external development partners or potentially developed internally;


•	Our inability to introduce new products and adapt to an evolving technology and medical practice landscape;


•	Our inability to protect our intellectual property and the risk of claims that we have infringed on the intellectual property of others;


•	Risks associated with prevailing economic or political conditions and events and financial, business and other factors beyond our control;


•	Risks associated with our international operations;


•	Our inability to adequately operate, maintain and protect our facilities, equipment and technology infrastructure;


•	Our inability to hire or retain skilled employees and key personnel;


•	Our inability to utilize, or limitations in our ability to utilize, net operating loss carryforwards to reduce our future tax liability;


•	Risks related to our outstanding indebtedness and our ability to satisfy those obligations;


•	Costs and other risks associated with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Act, including in connection with potentially becoming a large accelerated filer;


•	Risks related to the ownership of our common stock; and


•	Other factors that are described in Part I, Item. 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those that are discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law.

Trademarks

We own or have the rights to various trademarks, service marks and trade names, including, among others, the following: DEFINITY ^® , TechneLite ^® , Cardiolite ^® , Neurolite ^® , Vialmix ^® , Quadramet ^® , Luminity ^® and Lantheus Medical Imaging ^® referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Solely for convenience, we refer to trademarks and service marks in this Annual Report on Form 10-K without the TM, SM and ® symbols. Those references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, our rights to our trademarks and service marks. Each trademark, trade name or service mark of any other company appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, such as Lumason ^® , Optison ^TM , SonoVue ^® and Gludef ^® are, to our knowledge, owned by that other company.

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PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview

We are a global leader in the development, manufacture and commercialization of innovative diagnostic medical imaging agents and products that assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases. Clinicians use our imaging agents and products across a range of imaging modalities, including echocardiography and nuclear imaging. We believe that the resulting improved diagnostic information enables healthcare providers to better detect and characterize, or rule out, disease, potentially achieving improved patient outcomes, reducing patient risk and limiting overall costs for payers and the entire healthcare system.

Our commercial products are used by cardiologists, nuclear physicians, radiologists, internal medicine physicians, technologists and sonographers working in a variety of clinical settings.

We sell our products globally and operate our business in two reportable segments, which are further described below:


•	U.S. Segment produces and markets our medical imaging agents and products throughout the U.S. In the U.S., we primarily sell our products to radiopharmacies, integrated delivery networks, hospitals, clinics and group practices.


•	International Segment operations consist of production and distribution activities in Puerto Rico and some direct distribution activities in Canada. Additionally, within our International Segment, we have established and maintain third-party distribution relationships under which our products are marketed and sold in Europe, Canada, Australia, Asia-Pacific and Latin America.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, we sold certain business units that were part of our International Segment. In January 2016, we entered into an asset purchase agreement pursuant to which we sold substantially all of our Canadian radiopharmacy business and Gludef manufacturing and distribution business. In August 2016, we entered into a share purchase agreement pursuant to which we sold all of the stock of our Australian radiopharmacy servicing subsidiary. See Note 6, “Sales of Certain International Segment Assets” included in the consolidated financial statements located elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our Product Portfolio

Our portfolio of ten commercial products is diversified across a range of imaging modalities. Our products include an ultrasound contrast agent and medical radiopharmaceuticals (including Technetium generators).


•	Ultrasound contrast agents are compounds that are used in diagnostic procedures, such as cardiac ultrasounds or echocardiograms, to improve the clarity of the diagnostic image.


•	Medical radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive pharmaceuticals used by clinicians to perform nuclear imaging procedures.


•	In certain circumstances, a radioactive element, or radioisotope, is attached to a chemical compound to form the radiopharmaceutical. This act of attaching the radioisotope to the chemical compound is called radiolabeling, or labeling.


•	In other circumstances, a radioisotope can be used as a radiopharmaceutical without attaching any additional chemical compound.


•	Radioisotopes are most commonly manufactured in a nuclear research reactor, where a target is bombarded with subatomic particles, or in a cyclotron, which is a type of particle accelerator that also creates radioisotopes.


•	Two common forms of nuclear imaging procedures are single-photon emission computed tomography (“SPECT”) which measures gamma rays emitted by a SPECT radiopharmaceutical, and positron emission tomography (“PET”) which measures positrons emitted by a PET radiopharmaceutical.

As an example of the procedures in which our products may be used, in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, a typical diagnostic progression could include an electrocardiogram, followed by an echocardiogram (possibly using our agent DEFINITY) which delineates cardiac structure and function, and then a nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (“MPI”) study using either SPECT or PET imaging (possibly using our Technetium generator and our Cardiolite SPECT-based MPI agent). An MPI study assesses blood flow distribution to the heart. MPI is also used for diagnosing the presence of coronary artery disease.

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DEFINITY and the Expansion of Our Ultrasound Microbubble Franchise

DEFINITY is the leading ultrasound contrast imaging agent based on revenue and usage in the U.S., and is indicated for use in patients with suboptimal echocardiograms. Numerous patient conditions can decrease the quality of images of the left ventricle, the primary pumping chamber of the heart.

DEFINITY is a clear, colorless, sterile liquid, which, upon activation in a Vialmix apparatus, a medical device specifically designed for DEFINITY, becomes a homogenous, opaque, milky white injectable suspension of perflutren-containing lipid microspheres. After activation and intravenous injection, DEFINITY opacifies the left ventricular chamber and improves the delineation of the left ventricular endocardial border, or innermost layer of tissue that lines the chamber of the left ventricle. Better visualization of the left ventricle allows clinicians to make more informed decisions about disease status.

DEFINITY offers flexible dosing and administration through an IV bolus or diluted bolus injection or continuous IV infusion. We believe DEFINITY’s synthetic lipid-cased coating gives the agent a distinct competitive advantage, because it provides a strong ultrasound signal and is the only perflutren-based echo contrast agent made without albumin.

There were approximately 33.7 million echocardiograms performed in the U.S. in 2018 according to a third party source. Assuming 20% of echocardiograms produce suboptimal images, as stated in the clinical literature, we estimate that approximately 6.7 million echocardiograms in 2018 produced suboptimal images. The use of DEFINITY during echocardiography allows physicians to significantly improve their assessment of the function of the left ventricle.

Since its launch in 2001, DEFINITY has been used in imaging procedures in more than 11.5 million patients throughout the world. We estimate that DEFINITY had over 80% share of the U.S. segment for contrast agents in echocardiography procedures as of December 2018 . DEFINITY currently competes with Optison, a GE Healthcare product, Lumason, a Bracco product (known as SonoVue outside the U.S.) as well as echocardiography without contrast and non-echocardiography imaging modalities. DEFINITY, Optison and Lumason all carry an FDA-required boxed warning, which has been modified over time, to notify physicians and patients about potentially serious safety concerns or risks posed by the products. See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors- Ultrasound contrast agents may cause side effects which could limit our ability to sell DEFINITY .”

As we continue to pursue expanding our micro bubble franchise, our activities include:

•

Patents - We continue to actively pursue additional patents in connection with DEFINITY, both in the U.S. and internationally. In the U.S., we have an Orange Book-listed method of use patent expiring in March 2037. This patent augments an Orange Book-listed composition of matter patent expiring in June 2019, and additional manufacturing patents that are not Orange Book-listed expiring in 2021, 2023 and 2037. Outside of the U.S., our DEFINITY patent protection or regulatory exclusivity currently expires in 2019.

Hatch-Waxman Act - Even though our longest duration Orange Book-listed patent expires in March 2037, because our Orange Book-listed composition of matter patent expires in June 2019, we may face generic DEFINITY challengers in the near to intermediate term. Under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, known as the Hatch-Waxman Act, the FDA can approve Abbreviated New Drug Applications (“ANDAs”) for generic versions of drugs if the ANDA applicant demonstrates, among other things, that (i) its generic candidate is the same as the innovator product by establishing bioequivalence and providing relevant chemistry, manufacturing and product data, and (ii) the marketing of that generic candidate does not infringe an Orange Book-listed patent. With respect to any Orange Book-listed patent covering the innovator product, the ANDA applicant must give notice to the innovator (a “Notice”) that the ANDA applicant certifies that its generic candidate will not infringe the innovator’s Orange Book-listed patent or that the Orange Book-listed patent is invalid. The innovator can then challenge the ANDA applicant in court within 45 days of receiving such Notice, and FDA approval to commercialize the generic candidate will be stayed (that is, delayed) for up to 30 months while the patent dispute between the innovator and the ANDA applicant is resolved in court. The 30 month stay could potentially expire sooner if the courts determine that no infringement occurs or that the challenged Orange Book-listed patent is invalid or the parties otherwise settle their dispute.

As of the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have not received any Notice from an ANDA applicant. If we were to (i) receive any such Notice in the future, (ii) bring a patent infringement suit against the ANDA applicant within 45 days of receiving such Notice, and (iii) successfully obtain the full 30 month stay, then the ANDA applicant would be precluded from commercializing a generic candidate prior to the expiration of such 30 month stay period and potentially thereafter depending on how a patent dispute is resolved. Solely by way of example and not based on any knowledge we currently have, if we received a Notice from an ANDA applicant in March 2019 and the full 30 month stay was obtained, then the ANDA applicant would be precluded from commercialization until at least September 2021. If we received a Notice some number of months in the future and the full 30 month stay was obtained, the commercialization date would roll forward in the future by the same calculation.

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•

LVEF Indication - We are currently conducting two well-controlled Phase 3 studies designed to demonstrate improved accuracy of LVEF measurements with DEFINITY-enhanced echocardiography versus unenhanced echocardiography. The truth standard in these studies is cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The studies will be conducted at 20 U.S. sites and will eventually enroll a total of approximately 300 subjects. We believe DEFINITY could improve the accuracy of LVEF calculations, giving clinicians greater confidence in patient management decisions. An LVEF indication could substantially increase the addressable market for contrast-enhanced echocardiography. We believe that DEFINITY, as the market leader, would benefit from the expanded addressable market.

•

Modified Formulation - We are developing at SBL a modified formulation of DEFINITY. We believe this modified formulation will provide an enhanced product profile by enabling storage as well as shipment at room temperature (DEFINITY’s current formulation requires refrigerated storage), will give clinicians additional choice, and will allow for greater utility of this formulation in broader clinical settings. We were recently granted a composition of matter patent on the modified formulation which runs through December 2035. If the modified formulation is approved by the FDA, then this patent would be eligible to be listed in the Orange Book. We currently believe that, if approved by the FDA, the modified formulation could become commercially available in 2020, although that timing cannot be assured. Given its physical characteristics, the modified formulation may also be better suited for inclusion in kits requiring microbubbles for other indications and applications.


•	New Applications - As we continue to look for other opportunities to expand our microbubble franchise, we are evaluating new indications and applications beyond echocardiography and contrast imaging generally.

•

In-House Manufacturing - We are currently building specialized in-house manufacturing capabilities at our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility for DEFINITY and, potentially, other sterile vial products. We believe the investment in these efforts will allow us to better control DEFINITY manufacturing and inventory, reduce our costs in a potentially more price competitive environment, and provide us with supply chain redundancy. We currently expect to be in a position to use this in-house manufacturing capability by early 2021, although that timing cannot be assured.

See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors— The growth of our business is substantially dependent on our ability to continue to grow the appropriate use of DEFINITY in suboptimal echocardiograms in the face of increased segment competition from other existing echocardiography agents and potential generic competitors as a result of future patent and regulatory exclusivity expirations ,” “— If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our competitors could develop and market products with features similar to our products, and demand for our products may decline ,” and “— Our dependence upon third parties for the manufacture and supply of a substantial portion of our products could prevent us from delivering our products to our customers in the required quantities, within the required timeframes, or at all, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues .”

TechneLite

TechneLite is a self-contained system or generator of Technetium (“Tc99m”), a radioactive isotope with a six hour half-life, used by radiopharmacies to prepare various nuclear imaging agents. Technetium results from the radioactive decay of Moly, itself a radioisotope with a 66-hour half-life produced in nuclear research reactors around the world from enriched uranium. The TechneLite generator is a little larger than a coffee can in size, and the self-contained system houses a vertical glass column at its core that contains Moly. During our manufacturing process, Moly is added to the column within the generator where it is adsorbed onto alumina powder. The column is sterilized, enclosed in a lead shield and further sealed in a cylindrical plastic container, which is then immediately shipped to our radiopharmacy customers. Because of the short half-lives of Moly and Technetium, radiopharmacies typically purchase TechneLite generators on a weekly basis pursuant to standing orders.

The Technetium produced by our TechneLite generator is the medical radioisotope that can be attached to a number of imaging agents, including our own Cardiolite products and Neurolite, during the radiolabeling process. To radiolabel a Technetium-based radiopharmaceutical, a vial of sterile saline and a vacuum vial are each affixed to the top of a TechneLite generator. The sterile saline is pulled through the generator where it attracts Technetium resulting from the radioactive decay of Moly within the generator column. The Technetium-containing radioactive saline is then pulled into the vacuum vial and subsequently combined by a radiopharmacist with the applicable imaging agent, and individual patient-specific radiolabeled imaging agent doses are then prepared. When administered, the imaging agent binds to specific tissues or organs for a period of time, enabling the Technetium to illustrate the functional health of the imaged tissues or organs in a diagnostic image. Our ability to produce and market TechneLite is highly dependent on our supply of Moly. See “Raw Materials and Supply Relationships—Molybdenum-99” below.

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TechneLite is produced in 13 sizes and is currently marketed primarily in North America and Latin America, largely to radiopharmacies that prepare unit doses of radiopharmaceutical imaging agents and ship these preparations directly to hospitals for administration to patients. In the U.S., we have supply contracts with the significant radiopharmacy groups, including Cardinal, UPPI, GE Healthcare and Triad. We also supply generators on a purchase order basis to other customers. We estimate that TechneLite had approximately one third of the U.S. generator market as of December 31, 2018 , competing primarily with Technetium-based generators produced by Curium. In Puerto Rico, we also supply TechneLite to our wholly-owned radiopharmacy to prepare radiopharmaceutical imaging agent unit doses.

In Canada, where we sold our radiopharmacies in January 2016, we have a supply agreement with Isologic Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals Ltd. (“Isologic”), the buyer of those radiopharmacies (the “Isologic Supply Agreement”). Under the Isologic Supply Agreement, we supply Isologic with certain of our products on commercial terms, including certain product purchase commitments by Isologic. The agreement expires in January 2021 and may be terminated upon the occurrence of specified events, including a material breach by the other party, bankruptcy by either party or certain force majeure events. In Australia, where we sold our radiopharmacy servicing business in August 2016, we have a supply agreement with Global Medical Solutions (“GMS”), the buyer of that business (the “GMS Supply Agreement”). Under the GMS Supply Agreement, we supply GMS with certain of our products on commercial terms, including certain minimum product purchase commitments by GMS. The agreement expires in August 2020 and may be terminated in whole or in part on a product-by-product basis upon the occurrence of specified events, including a material breach by the other party, bankruptcy by either party or certain force majeure events.

The Moly used in our TechneLite generators can be produced using targets made of either highly-enriched uranium (“HEU”) or low-enriched uranium (“LEU”). LEU consists of uranium that contains less than 20% of the uranium-235 isotope. HEU is often considered weapons grade material, with 20% or more of uranium-235. The American Medical Isotopes Production Act of 2012 encourages the domestic production of LEU Moly and provides for the eventual prohibition of the export of HEU from the U.S. Although Medicare generally does not provide separate payment to hospitals for the use of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals administered in an outpatient setting, since 2013, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”), the federal agency responsible for administering the Medicare program, has provided an add-on payment (of $10) under the hospital outpatient prospective payment system for every Technetium diagnostic dose produced from non-HEU sourced Moly, to cover the marginal cost for radioisotopes produced from non-HEU sources. Our LEU TechneLite generator satisfies the reimbursement requirements under the applicable CMS rules.

TechneLite has patent protection in the U.S. and various foreign countries on certain component technology currently expiring in 2029 . In addition, given the significant know-how and trade secrets associated with the methods of manufacturing and assembling the TechneLite generator, we believe we have a substantial amount of valuable and defensible proprietary intellectual property associated with the product. We believe that our substantial capital investments in our highly automated TechneLite production line and our extensive experience in complying with the stringent regulatory requirements for the handling of nuclear materials create significant and sustainable competitive advantages for us in generator manufacturing and distribution.

Other Commercial Products

In addition to the products listed above, our portfolio of commercial products also includes important imaging agents in specific segments, which provide a stable base of recurring revenue. Most of these products have a favorable industry position as a result of our substantial infrastructure investment, specialized workforce, technical know-how and supplier and customer relationships.


•	Xenon Xe 133 Gas (“Xenon”) is a radiopharmaceutical gas that is inhaled and used to assess pulmonary function and also to image cerebral blood flow. Our Xenon is manufactured by a third party as a bi-product of Moly production and is processed and finished by us. We are currently the leading provider of Xenon in the U.S.


•	Neurolite is an injectable, Technetium-labeled imaging agent used with SPECT technology to identify the area within the brain where blood flow has been blocked or reduced due to stroke. We launched Neurolite in 1995.


•	Cardiolite , also known by its generic name sestamibi, is an injectable, Technetium-labeled imaging agent used in MPI procedures to assess blood flow to the muscle of the heart using SPECT. Cardiolite was approved by the FDA in 1990 and its market exclusivity expired in July 2008. Included in Cardiolite revenues are branded Cardiolite and generic sestamibi revenues.


•	Thallium TI 201 is an injectable radiopharmaceutical imaging agent used in MPI studies to detect cardiovascular disease. We have marketed Thallium since 1977 and manufacture the agent using cyclotron technology.


•	FDG is an injectable, fluorine-18-radiolabeled imaging agent used with PET technology to identify and characterize tumors in patients undergoing oncologic diagnostic procedures. We manufacture and distribute FDG from our Puerto Rico radiopharmacy.

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•	Gallium (Ga 67) is an injectable radiopharmaceutical imaging agent used to detect certain infections and cancerous tumors, especially lymphoma. We manufacture Gallium using cyclotron technology.


•	Quadramet , our only therapeutic product, is an injectable radiopharmaceutical used to treat severe bone pain associated with osteoblastic metastatic bone lesions. We serve as the direct manufacturer and supplier of Quadramet in the U.S.


•	Cobalt (Co 57) is a non-pharmaceutical radiochemical used in the manufacture of sources for the calibration and maintenance of SPECT imaging cameras.

Distribution, Marketing and Sales

The following table sets forth certain key market information for each of our commercial pharmaceutical products:



Product	Approved Markets
DEFINITY	Australia, Canada, European Union, European Economic Area, Israel, India, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, United States
TechneLite	Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Panama, South Korea, Taiwan, United States
Xenon	Canada, United States
Cardiolite	Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Panama, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, United States
Neurolite	Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Philippines, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United States
Thallium Tl 201	Australia, Canada, Colombia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, South Korea, Taiwan, United States
Gallium Ga 67	Australia, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, South Korea, Taiwan, United States
FDG	United States
Quadramet	United States

In the U.S. and Canada, we have a sales team of approximately 80 employees that call on healthcare providers in the echocardiography space, as well as radiopharmacy chains, integrated delivery networks and group purchasing organizations.

Our radiopharmaceutical products are sold in the U.S. through a subset of our sales team, primarily to radiopharmacies. We sell a majority of our radiopharmaceutical products in the U.S. to four radiopharmacy groups—namely Cardinal, UPPI, GE Healthcare and Triad. Our contractual distribution and other arrangements with these radiopharmacy groups are as follows:

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Cardinal maintains approximately 131 radiopharmacies that are typically located in large, densely populated urban areas in the U.S. We estimate that Cardinal’s radiopharmacies distributed approximately 45% of the aggregate U.S. SPECT doses sold in the first half of 2018 (the latest information currently available to us). Our written supply agreement with Cardinal relating to TechneLite, Xenon, Neurolite and other products expires on December 31, 2019 . The agreement specifies pricing levels and requirements to purchase minimum percentages of certain products during certain periods. The agreement may be terminated upon the occurrence of specified events, including a material breach by the other party and certain force majeure events.

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UPPI is a cooperative purchasing group (roughly analogous to a group purchasing organization) of approximately 68 independently owned or smaller chain radiopharmacies located in the U.S. UPPI’s radiopharmacies are typically broadly dispersed geographically, with some urban presence and a substantial number of radiopharmacies located in suburban and rural areas of the country. We estimate that these independent radiopharmacies, together with approximately 33 unaffiliated, independent radiopharmacies, distributed approximately 24% of the aggregate U.S. SPECT doses sold in the first half of 2018 . We currently have an agreement with UPPI for the distribution of TechneLite, Xenon and certain other products to radiopharmacies or families of radiopharmacies within the UPPI cooperative purchasing group. The agreement contains specified pricing levels based upon specified purchase amounts for UPPI. We are entitled to terminate the UPPI agreement upon 60 days written notice. The UPPI agreement expires on December 31, 2019 .

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GE Healthcare maintains approximately 31 radiopharmacies in the U.S. that purchase our TechneLite generators. We estimate that GE Healthcare distributed approximately 13% of the aggregate U.S. SPECT doses sold in the first half of 2018 . We currently have an agreement with GE Healthcare for the distribution of TechneLite, Xenon and other products. The agreement provides that GE Healthcare will purchase a minimum percentage of TechneLite generators as well as certain other products from us. Our agreement, which expires on December 31, 2020 , may be terminated by either party upon the occurrence of specified events including a material breach by either party, bankruptcy by either party, certain irresolvable regulatory changes or economic circumstances, or force majeure events.

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Triad maintains approximately 56 radiopharmacies in the U.S. that purchase a range of our products. We estimate that Triad distributed approximately 12% of the aggregate U.S. SPECT doses sold in the first half of 2018 . We currently have an agreement with Triad for the distribution of TechneLite, Xenon, Neurolite and other products. The agreement specifies pricing levels and percentage purchase requirements. The agreement will expire on December 31, 2020 and may be terminated upon the occurrence of specified events, including a material breach by the other party.

In addition to the distribution arrangements for our radiopharmaceutical products described above, we also sell certain of our radiopharmaceutical products to independent radiopharmacies and directly to hospitals and clinics that maintain in-house radiopharmaceutical capabilities and operations. In the latter case, this represents a small percentage of overall sales because the majority of hospitals and clinics do not maintain these in-house capabilities.

In Puerto Rico, we own and operate one of the two radiopharmacies on the island, where we sell our own products as well as products of third parties to end-users. In Canada, we operate some direct distribution activities.

In Europe, Canada, Australia, Asia-Pacific and Latin America, we utilize third party distributor relationships to market, sell and distribute our products, either on a country-by-country basis or on a multi-country regional basis.

In March 2012, we entered into a development and distribution arrangement for DEFINITY in China, Hong Kong and Macau with Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Company (“Double-Crane”). With Double-Crane’s support, we are currently pursuing the Chinese regulatory approval required to commercialize DEFINITY. In July 2013, we submitted a clinical trial application to the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (“CFDA”) seeking an Import Drug License. After a very extensive waiting period caused by a large number of drugs seeking CFDA regulatory approval, in February 2016, the CFDA approved our clinical trial application. Double-Crane is conducting on our behalf three confirmatory clinical trials in pursuit of cardiac, liver and kidney imaging indications, as well as one small pharmacokinetic study, and enrollment has been completed for all the studies. The study results are currently being analyzed, and then the application to the CFDA for an Import Drug License will be prepared and submitted, which we currently estimate will occur in 2019.

Seasonality

Our business has modest seasonality as patients may seek to schedule non-urgent diagnostic imaging procedures less frequently during the summer vacation months and over the year-end holidays.

Customers

No customer accounted for greater than 10% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Backlog

Our backlog consists of orders for which a delivery schedule within the next twelve months has been specified. Orders included in backlog may be canceled or rescheduled by customers at any time with the exception of TechneLite orders. For TechneLite, customers must provide us with four weeks advanced notice to cancel an order. We do not believe that our backlog at any particular time is meaningful because it has historically been immaterial relative to our consolidated revenues and is not necessarily indicative of future revenues for any given period.

Competition

We believe that our key product characteristics, such as proven efficacy, reliability and safety, coupled with our core competencies, such as our efficient manufacturing processes, our established distribution network, our experienced field sales organization and our customer service focus, are important factors that distinguish us from our competitors.

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The market for diagnostic medical imaging agents is highly competitive and continually evolving. Our principal competitors in existing diagnostic modalities include large, global companies that are more diversified than we are and that have substantial financial, manufacturing, sales and marketing, distribution and other resources. These competitors currently include Curium, GE Healthcare, Bracco and Jubilant Life Sciences, an affiliate of JHS, as well as other competitors, including NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes. We cannot anticipate their competitive actions in the same or competing diagnostic modalities, such as significant price reductions on products that are comparable to our own, development of new products that are more cost-effective or have superior performance than our current products or the introduction of generic versions after our proprietary products lose their current patent protection. In addition, distributors of our products could attempt to shift end-users to competing diagnostic modalities and products, or bundle the sale of a portfolio of products to the detriment of our specific products. Our current or future products could be rendered obsolete or uneconomical as a result of these activities.

Raw Materials and Supply Relationships

We rely on certain raw materials and supplies to produce our products. Due to the specialized nature of our products and the limited, and sometimes intermittent, supply of raw materials available in the market, we have established relationships with several key suppliers. For the year ended December 31, 2018 , our largest suppliers of raw materials and supplies were Institute for Radioelements (“IRE”), ANSTO and NTP, which, in the aggregate, accounted for approximately 27% of our total purchases.

Molybdenum-99

Our TechneLite, Cardiolite and Neurolite products all rely on Moly, the radioisotope which is produced by bombarding uranium with neutrons in research reactors. With a 66-hour half-life, Moly decays into, among other things, Technetium-99m (Tc-99m), another radioisotope with a half-life of six hours. Tc-99m is the isotope that is attached to radiopharmaceuticals, including our own Cardiolite and Neurolite, during the labeling process and is the most common radioisotope used for medical diagnostic imaging purposes.

We currently purchase finished Moly from three of the four main processing sites in the world, namely, IRE in Belgium, ANSTO in Australia, and NTP in South Africa. These processing sites provide us Moly from five of the six main Moly-producing reactors in the world, namely, OPAL in Australia, BR2 in Belgium, LVR-15 in the Czech Republic, HFR in The Netherlands, and SAFARI in South Africa.

Our agreement with NTP (the “NTP Agreement”), with NTP acting for itself and on behalf of its subcontractor ANSTO, specifies LMI’s percentage purchase requirements and unit pricing, and provides for the supply of Moly derived from LEU targets from NTP and ANSTO. ANSTO has under construction a new Moly processing facility that ANSTO believes will increase its production capacity from approximately 2,000 curies per week to 3,500 curies per week. ANSTO has indicated that it is currently planning to start commercial production in the first half of 2019. The NTP Agreement allows for termination upon the occurrence of certain events, including failure by NTP to provide our required amount of Moly, material breach of any provision by either party, bankruptcy by either party or force majeure events. The NTP Agreement expires on December 31, 2020 .

Similar to the NTP Agreement, our agreement with IRE (the “IRE Agreement”) contains minimum percentage volume requirements and unit pricing. The IRE Agreement also requires IRE to provide certain favorable allocations of Moly during periods of supply shortage or failure. The IRE Agreement also provides for an increased supply of Moly derived from LEU targets upon IRE’s completion of its ongoing conversion program to modify its facilities and processes in accordance with Belgian nuclear security commitments. The IRE Agreement allows for termination upon the occurrence of certain events, including failure by IRE to provide our required amount of Moly, material breach of any provision by either party, bankruptcy by either party or force majeure events. The IRE Agreement expires on December 31, 2019, and is renewable by LMI on a year-to-year basis thereafter.

We believe we are generally well-positioned with ANSTO, IRE and NTP to have a diverse, global Moly supply, including LEU-based Moly. However, we still face challenges in our Moly supply chain. The NTP processing facility was off-line from late November 2017 until mid-February 2018 and again from early June 2018 through mid-November 2018. During the periods when NTP was not producing, we relied on Moly supply from both IRE and ANSTO to limit the impact of the NTP outage. However, we were unable to fill all of the demand for our TechneLite generators on certain manufacturing days. To further augment and diversify our current supply, we are pursuing additional sources of Moly from potential new producers around the world that seek to produce Moly with existing or new reactors or technologies. For example, in November 2014, we entered into a strategic agreement with SHINE Medical Technologies, Inc. (“SHINE”), a Wisconsin-based company, for the future supply of Moly. Under the terms of the supply agreement, SHINE will provide Moly produced using its proprietary LEU-solution technology for use in our TechneLite generators once SHINE’s facility becomes operational and receives all necessary regulatory approvals, which SHINE now estimates will occur in 2021. See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors— The global supply of Moly is fragile and not stable. Our dependence on a limited number of third party suppliers for Moly could prevent us from delivering some of our products to our customers in the required quantities, within the required timeframe, or at all, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues .”

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Xenon

Xenon is a by-product of the Moly production process. Under a strategic agreement we entered into in 2015, we receive from IRE bulk unprocessed Xenon, which we process and finish for our customers at our North Billerica, Massachusetts manufacturing facility. Until we can qualify an additional source of bulk unprocessed Xenon, we will rely on IRE as a sole source provider. See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors— Our dependence upon third parties for the manufacture and supply of a substantial portion of our products could prevent us from delivering our products to our customers in the required quantities, within the required timeframes, or at all, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues .”

Other Materials

We have additional supply arrangements for active pharmaceutical ingredients, excipients, packaging materials and other materials and components, none of which are exclusive, but a number of which are sole source, and all of which we currently believe are either in good standing or replaceable without any material disruption to our business.

Manufacturing

We maintain manufacturing operations at our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility. We manufacture TechneLite on a highly automated production line, Thallium and Gallium and certain radiochemicals using our cyclotron technology, and we process and finish Xenon and Quadramet using our hot cell infrastructure. We also maintain manufacturing operations at our San Juan, Puerto Rico radiopharmacy and PET manufacturing facility where we manufacture FDG using cyclotron technology. We manufacture, finish and distribute our radiopharmaceutical products on a just-in-time basis, and supply our customers with these products either by next day delivery services or by either ground or air custom logistics. We believe that our substantial capital investments in our highly automated generator production line, our cyclotrons and our extensive experience in complying with the stringent regulatory requirements for the handling of nuclear materials and operations in a highly regulated environment create significant and sustainable competitive advantages for us.

In addition to our in-house manufacturing capabilities, a substantial portion of our products are manufactured by third party contract manufacturing organizations, and in certain instances, we rely on them for sole source manufacturing. To ensure the quality of the products that are manufactured by third parties, the key raw materials used in those products are first sent to our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility, where we test them prior to the third party manufacturing of the final product. After the final products are manufactured, they are sent back to us for final quality control testing and then we ship them to our customers. We have expertise in the design, development and validation of complex manufacturing systems and processes, and our strong execution and quality control culture supports the just-in-time manufacturing model at our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility.

We have also commenced an extensive, multi-year effort to add specialized manufacturing capabilities at our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility. This project is part of a larger corporate growth strategy to create a competitive advantage in specialized manufacturing. This project should not only deliver efficiencies and supply chain redundancy for our current portfolio but should also afford us increased flexibility as we consider external opportunities. We currently expect to be in a position to use this in-house manufacturing capability by early 2021. However, we can give no assurance that we will be successful in these efforts or that we will be able to successfully manufacture any additional commercial products at our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility.

Manufacturing and Supply Arrangements

We currently have the following technology transfer and manufacturing and supply agreements in place for some of our major products:

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DEFINITY —In February 2012, we entered into a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement with JHS, for the manufacture of DEFINITY. Under the agreement, JHS manufactured DEFINITY for us for an initial term of five years. In September 2016, we extended the agreement through January 2022. The agreement contains automatic renewals for additional one-year periods thereafter. The agreement allows for termination upon the occurrence of certain events such as a material breach or default by either party, or bankruptcy by either party. The agreement also requires us to place orders for a minimum percentage of our requirements for DEFINITY with JHS. Based on our current projections, we believe that we will have sufficient supply of DEFINITY from JHS to meet expected demand.

On May 3, 2016, we entered into a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement with SBL to perform technology transfer and process development services to manufacture and supply a modified formulation of DEFINITY. There are no minimum purchase requirements under this agreement, which has an initial term of five years from the date of first commercial sale and is renewable at our option for an additional five years. This agreement allows for termination upon the occurrence of certain events, including material breach or bankruptcy of either party. We cannot give any assurances as to when those technology transfer activities will be completed and when we will begin to receive supply of a modified formulation of DEFINITY from SBL.

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Cardiolite —In May 2012, we entered into a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement with JHS for the manufacture of Cardiolite products. In the third quarter of 2016, we completed the technology transfer process and received FDA approval to manufacture Cardiolite at JHS. Under the agreement, JHS has agreed to manufacture products for an initial term of five years from the effective date. On November 9, 2017, we extended the term until December 31, 2020, and the agreement can be further extended for three additional one-year periods thereafter so long as the parties, using good faith, reasonable efforts, agree to new pricing for the upcoming additional term. The agreement allows for termination upon the occurrence of specified events, including material breach or bankruptcy by either party. The agreement requires us to place orders for 100% of our requirements for Cardiolite products with JHS during such term. Based on our current projections, we believe that we will have sufficient supply of Cardiolite products from JHS to meet expected demand.

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Neurolite —In May 2012, we entered into a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement with JHS for the manufacture of Neurolite, and in January 2015, the FDA granted approval to manufacture Neurolite at JHS. Under the agreement, JHS agreed to manufacture Neurolite for an initial term of five years from the effective date. On November 9, 2017, we extended the term of the agreement until December 31, 2020, and the agreement can be further extended for three additional one-year periods thereafter so long as the parties, using good faith, reasonable efforts, agree to new pricing for the upcoming additional term. The agreement allows for termination upon the occurrence of specified events, including material breach or bankruptcy by either party. The agreement also requires us to place orders for 100% of our requirements for Neurolite during such term. Based on our current projections, we believe that we will have sufficient supply of Neurolite from JHS to meet expected demand.

Although we are pursuing additional third party manufacturing relationships to establish and secure additional long-term or alternative suppliers as described above, we are uncertain of the timing as to when these arrangements could provide meaningful quantities of our products. See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors— Our dependence upon third parties for the manufacture and supply of a substantial portion of our products could prevent us from delivering our products to our customers in the required quantities, within the required timeframes, or at all, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues ,” “— Challenges with product quality or product performance, including defects, caused by us or our suppliers could result in a decrease in customers and revenues, unexpected expenses and loss of market share ,” and “— Our business and industry are subject to complex and costly regulations. If government regulations are interpreted or enforced in a manner adverse to us or our business, we may be subject to enforcement actions, penalties, exclusion and other material limitations on our operations .”

Campus Strategy

We continually evaluate our extensive physical assets on our North Billerica, Massachusetts campus to optimize the carrying costs and use of these assets. In February 2018, we sold an approximately six-acre parcel of undeveloped land adjacent to our manufacturing facilities and certain of our administrative offices. Later in 2018, we razed an uneconomical and underutilized building on our North Billerica, Massachusetts campus to achieve operating efficiencies. To house our proposed new, specialized manufacturing capabilities, we are retrofitting a currently underutilized manufacturing and storage building.

Clinical Development

For the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , we invested $17.1 million , $18.1 million and $12.2 million in research and development (“R&D”), respectively. Our R&D team includes our Medical Affairs and Medical Information functions, which educate physicians on the scientific aspects of our commercial products and the approved indications, labeling and the receipt of reports relating to product quality or adverse events. In addition to the DEFINITY clinical trials in China described above, we now have three active clinical development programs which we are either leading or in which we are collaborating. See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors— The process of developing new drugs and obtaining regulatory approval is complex, time-consuming and costly, and the outcome is not certain .”

DEFINITY - New Clinical Trials for Additional Indication - LVEF

As part of our microbubble franchise strategy, we are currently conducting two well-controlled Phase 3 studies designed to demonstrate improved accuracy of LVEF measurements with DEFINITY-enhanced echocardiography versus unenhanced echocardiography. The truth standard in these Phase 3 studies is cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The studies will be conducted at 20 U.S. sites and will eventually enroll a total of approximately 300 subjects.

LVEF measures the percentage of blood leaving the left ventricle with each contraction and is an important measurement of heart function. LVEF may decrease if there is weakness in the heart muscle as a result of a heart attack, a genetic predisposition, heart valve or other disease, or long-standing, uncontrolled hypertension. We believe that accurate LVEF measurements are critical to clinical decision-making and patient management. Although unenhanced echocardiography is the most frequently used modality to determine LVEF in clinical practice, it has been hampered by its poor accuracy and reproducibility. We believe that DEFINITY-enhanced echocardiography could produce LVEF measurements that are superior to unenhanced echocardiography, potentially providing a clinician greater confidence in diagnosing and treating patients.

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An LVEF indication could also substantially increase the addressable market for contrast-enhanced echocardiography. We believe that DEFINITY, as the market leader, would benefit from the expanded addressable market. However, we can give no assurances that these clinical trials will be successful or that there will be an increase in unit sales of DEFINITY as a result of an LVEF indication.

Flurpiridaz F 18—PET Myocardial Perfusion

We have developed flurpiridaz F 18, an internally discovered small molecule radiolabeled with fluorine-18, as an imaging agent used in PET MPI to assess blood flow to the heart.

Today, most MPI procedures use SPECT technology. Although SPECT imaging used in conjunction with a radiopharmaceutical imaging agent, such as Cardiolite, is most commonly used for MPI studies, PET imaging has gained considerable support in the field of cardiovascular imaging as it offers many advantages to SPECT imaging, including: higher image quality, increased diagnostic certainty, more accurate risk stratification and reduced patient radiation exposure . PET imaging has demonstrated broad utility for diagnosis, prognosis, disease staging and therapeutic response. When used in combination with an appropriate radiopharmaceutical imaging agent, PET imaging can provide important insights into physiologic and metabolic processes in the body and be useful in evaluating a variety of conditions including heart disease, neurological disease and cancer. In addition, PET MPI imaging could be particularly useful in difficult-to-image patients, including women and obese patients. The use of PET technology in MPI tests represents a broad emerging application for a technology more commonly associated with oncology and neurology. We anticipate that the adoption of PET technology in MPI tests will increase significantly in the future.

Flurpiridaz F 18 Clinical Overview and Phase 3 Program

We submitted an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) for flurpiridaz F 18 to the FDA in August 2006. Our clinical program to date has consisted of three Phase 1 studies, a Phase 2 clinical trial, conducted from 2007 to 2010, involving 176 subjects who received PET MPI performed with flurpiridaz F 18 and completed the trial, and a Phase 3 clinical trial (“301 Trial”) conducted from 2011 to 2013.

The 301 Trial was an open-label, multicenter, international study with 755 subjects with known or suspected coronary artery disease (“CAD”) and scheduled for coronary angiography and SPECT imaging who completed the trial and were included in the efficacy analysis. Subjects underwent flurpiridaz F 18 PET MPI and SPECT MPI studies with coronary angiography used as the truth standard for each. The study then compared MPI imaging using flurpiridaz F 18 versus SPECT imaging with primary endpoints of superiority for sensitivity (identifying disease) and non-inferiority for specificity (ruling out disease).

In the fourth quarter of 2013, we announced preliminary results from the 301 Trial, and in May 2015, after a re-read of the 301 Trial results, we announced the complete results from the 301 Trial. Flurpiridaz F 18 appeared to be well-tolerated from a safety perspective, and PET MPI with flurpiridaz F 18 consistently showed a balanced performance in sensitivity and specificity, when compared to coronary angiography, while SPECT imaging results were skewed with low sensitivity and high specificity when compared to coronary angiography. When results were compared to one another, flurpiridaz F 18 imaging substantially outperformed SPECT imaging in sensitivity but did not meet the non-inferiority endpoint in specificity, implying a substantial and unexpected under-diagnosis of CAD with SPECT imaging in the trial.

In subgroup analyses, the risk-benefit profile of flurpiridaz F 18 appeared to be favorable in women, obese patients, patients with multi-vessel disease and diabetics. A significantly higher percentage of images were rated as either excellent or good with flurpiridaz F 18 imaging as compared to SPECT imaging, leading to a greater diagnostic certainty of interpretation. Importantly, radiation exposure associated with flurpiridaz F 18 imaging was reduced to approximately 50% of SPECT imaging. In addition, no drug-related serious adverse events were observed.

GE Healthcare Collaboration

In April 2017, we announced that we entered into a definitive, exclusive Collaboration and License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with GE Healthcare for the continued Phase 3 development and worldwide commercialization of flurpiridaz F 18. Under the License Agreement, GE Healthcare will complete the worldwide development of flurpiridaz F 18, pursue worldwide regulatory approvals and, if successful, lead a worldwide launch and commercialization of the agent, with us collaborating on both development and commercialization through a joint steering committee.

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The second Phase 3 clinical trial is underway, as a prospective, open-label, international, multi-center trial of flurpiridaz F 18 for PET MPI in patients referred for invasive coronary angiography because of suspected CAD. The trial will enroll up to 650 participants, with a target completion date in the second half of 2020, although that timing cannot be assured. The primary outcome measure for the trial is the diagnostic efficacy of flurpiridaz F 18 PET MPI in the detection of significant CAD, with secondary outcome measures of diagnostic efficacy of flurpiridaz F 18 PET MPI compared with SPECT MPI in the detection of CAD in all patients. Secondary analysis will be performed in patients of special clinical interest, such as female, obese and diabetic patients, where current SPECT MPI technologies have shown certain limitations in the diagnostic performance.

LMI 1195 (flubrobenguan F18)-Cardiac Neuronal Imaging Agent

We have developed LMI 1195, an internally discovered small molecule that we believe may be a first-in-class fluorine-18-based PET radiopharmaceutical imaging agent that could be a useful tool in the diagnostic assessment of ischemic heart failure patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. Heart failure is associated with changes in the cardiac sympathetic nerve function leading to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. To prevent fatal arrhythmic events, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are implanted in heart failure patients meeting specific criteria. However, currently available tools to identify the most appropriate population for ICD implantation have limited predictive value, and only a small percentage of patients currently benefits from the procedure. We believe that a test that would identify a subset of patients at very low risk of sudden cardiac death would lead to improved targeted utilization of the devices and reduce the physical and financial consequences of inappropriate implantation.

The cardiac neuronal norepinephrine transporter, or NET, has been shown to be a useful target for the non-invasive monitoring of the cardiac sympathetic status and the assessment of the likelihood of a heart failure patient to develop fatal arrhythmias. Nuclear cardiac imaging provides a unique tool to measure the molecular changes in the heart, including cardiac function of NET, in a non-invasive and repeatable manner. We developed LMI 1195 to target the NET and are encouraged by initial results.

Collaborations with academic centers in the U.S., Canada and Europe have yielded clinical data that have been deemed adequate by the FDA to support advancing into a single Phase 3 clinical trial for an NDA submission. We have also made substantial progress in our discussions with authorities on the study design as well as the future reimbursement environment. This program would target patients with ischemic heart failure that are scheduled to undergo ICD implantation because of their risk of sudden cardiac death and would be designed to demonstrate that LMI 1195 improves the risk stratification of these patients.

Ongoing academic collaborations focusing on establishing the potential use of LMI 1195 for the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of neuroendocrine tumors, such as pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, have also produced initial proof of concept data that is being pursued further for possible clinical development.

Strategic Activities

To further expand and diversify our business, we are pursuing external opportunities that fit our growth and profitability objectives. Our current focus is on the broader imaging agent space and therapeutic adjacencies.

Intellectual Property

Patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights, both in the U.S. and foreign countries, are very important to our business. We also rely on trade secrets, manufacturing know-how, technological innovations, licensing agreements and confidentiality agreements to maintain and improve our competitive position. We review third party proprietary rights, including patents and patent applications, as available, in an effort to develop an effective intellectual property strategy, avoid infringement of third party proprietary rights, identify licensing opportunities and monitor the intellectual property owned by others. Our ability to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights may be limited in certain countries outside the U.S., which could make it easier for competitors to capture market position in those countries by utilizing technologies that are similar to those developed or licensed by us. Competitors also may harm our sales by designing products that mirror the capabilities of our products or technology without infringing our intellectual property rights. If we do not obtain sufficient protection for our intellectual property, or if we are unable to effectively enforce our intellectual property rights, our competitiveness could be impaired, which would limit our growth and future revenue. See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors— If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our competitors could develop and market products with features similar to our products, and demand for our products may decline .”

Trademarks, Service Marks and Trade Names

We own various trademarks, service marks and trade names, including, among others, DEFINITY, TechneLite, Cardiolite, Neurolite, Vialmix, Quadramet, Luminity and Lantheus Medical Imaging. We have registered these trademarks, as well as others, in the U.S. and/or numerous foreign jurisdictions.

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Patents

We actively seek to protect the proprietary technology that we consider important to our business, including chemical species, compositions and formulations, their methods of use and processes for their manufacture, as new intellectual property is developed. In addition to seeking patent protection in the U.S., we file patent applications in numerous foreign countries in order to further protect the inventions that we consider important to the development of our international business. We also rely upon trade secrets and contracts to protect our proprietary information. As of December 31, 2018 , our patent portfolio included a total of 42 issued U.S. patents, 261 issued foreign patents, 23 pending patent applications in the U.S. and 175 pending foreign applications. These patents and patent applications include claims covering the composition of matter and methods of use for all of our preclinical and clinical stage agents.

We have patent protection on certain of our commercial products and on all of our clinical development candidates. We typically seek patent protection in major markets around the world, including, among others, the U.S., Canada, Western Europe, Asia, and Latin America.

DEFINITY - We continue to actively pursue additional patents in connection with DEFINITY, both in the U.S. and internationally. In the U.S., we have an Orange Book-listed method of use patent expiring in March 2037. This patent augments an Orange Book-listed composition of matter patent expiring in June 2019, and additional manufacturing patents that are not Orange Book-listed expiring in 2021, 2023 and 2037. Outside of the U.S., our DEFINITY patent protection or regulatory exclusivity currently expires in 2019. We were also recently granted a composition of matter patent on the modified formulation of DEFINITY which runs through December 2035. If the modified formulation is approved by the FDA, then this patent would be eligible to be listed in the Orange Book.

Even though our longest duration Orange Book-listed patent expires in March 2037, because our Orange Book-listed composition of matter patent expires in June 2019, we may face generic DEFINITY challengers in the near to intermediate term. Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, the FDA can approve ANDAs for generic versions of drugs if the ANDA applicant demonstrates, among other things, that (i) its generic candidate is the same as the innovator product by establishing bioequivalence and providing relevant chemistry, manufacturing and product data, and (ii) the marketing of that generic candidate does not infringe an Orange Book-listed patent. With respect to any Orange Book-listed patent covering the innovator product, the ANDA applicant must give Notice to the innovator that the ANDA applicant certifies that its generic candidate will not infringe the innovator’s Orange Book-listed patent or that the Orange Book-listed patent is invalid. The innovator can then challenge the ANDA applicant in court within 45 days of receiving such Notice, and FDA approval to commercialize the generic candidate will be stayed (that is, delayed) for up to 30 months while the patent dispute between the innovator and the ANDA applicant is resolved in court. The 30 month stay could potentially expire sooner if the courts determine that no infringement occurs or that the challenged Orange Book-listed patent is invalid or the parties otherwise settle their dispute.

TechneLite - We currently have patent protection in the U.S. and various foreign countries on certain component technology expiring in 2029. In addition, given the significant know-how and trade secrets associated with the methods of manufacturing and assembling the TechneLite generator, we believe we have a substantial amount of valuable and defensible proprietary intellectual property associated with the product.

Other Nuclear Products - Neither Cardiolite nor Neurolite is covered any longer by patent protection in either the U.S. or the rest of the world. Xenon, Thallium and Gallium have no patent protection; however, we are pursuing patent protection for an improved container for Xenon.

Clinical Development Candidates - We have patents and patent applications in numerous jurisdictions covering composition, use, formulation and manufacturing of flurpiridaz F 18, including in the U.S. a composition patent expiring in 2026 , a method of use patent expiring in 2028 and a method of manufacturing patent expiring in 2031 , in the absence of any regulatory extension, and various patent applications, one of which, if granted, will expire in 2033 in the absence of any patent term adjustment or regulatory extensions. We also have patents and patent applications in numerous jurisdictions covering composition, use, and manufacture of LMI 1195, including in the U.S. a composition patent expiring in 2030 , a method of use patent expiring in 2027, and manufacturing-related patents expiring in 2031 and 2032, in the absence of any regulatory extension, and patent applications which, if granted, will expire in 2027 and in 2031 in the absence of any patent term adjustment or regulatory extensions.

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In addition to patents, we rely where necessary upon unpatented trade secrets and know-how, proprietary information and continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position. We seek to protect our proprietary information, in part, using confidentiality agreements with our collaborators, employees, consultants and other third parties and invention assignment agreements with our employees. These confidentiality agreements may not prevent unauthorized disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information, and we cannot provide assurances that an employee or an outside party will not make an unauthorized disclosure of our trade secrets, other technical know-how or proprietary information. We may not have adequate monitoring abilities to discover, or adequate remedies for, any unauthorized disclosure. This might happen intentionally or inadvertently. It is possible that a competitor will make use of such information, and that our competitive position will be compromised, in spite of any legal action we might take against persons making such unauthorized disclosures. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. To the extent that our collaborators, employees and consultants use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions.

In addition, we license a limited number of third party technologies and other intellectual property rights that are incorporated into some elements of our drug discovery and development efforts. These licenses are not material to our business, and the technologies can be obtained from multiple sources. We are currently party to separate royalty-free, non-exclusive, cross-licenses with each of Bracco, GE Healthcare and Imcor Pharmaceutical Company. These cross-licenses give us freedom to operate in connection with contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging technology.

Regulatory Matters

Food and Drug Laws

The development, manufacture and commercialization of our agents and products are subject to comprehensive governmental regulation both within and outside the U.S. A number of factors substantially increase the time, difficulty and costs incurred in obtaining and maintaining the approval to market newly developed and existing products. These factors include governmental regulation, such as detailed inspection of and controls over research and laboratory procedures, clinical investigations, manufacturing, marketing, sampling, distribution, import and export, record keeping and storage and disposal practices, together with various post-marketing requirements. Governmental regulatory actions can result in the seizure or recall of products, suspension or revocation of the authority necessary for their production and sale as well as other civil or criminal sanctions.

Our activities related to the development, manufacture, packaging or repackaging of our pharmaceutical and medical device products subject us to a wide variety of laws and regulations. We are required to register for permits and/or licenses with, seek approvals from and comply with operating and security standards of the FDA, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (“NRC”), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), Health Canada, the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), the U.K. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the CFDA and various state and provincial boards of pharmacy, state and provincial controlled substance agencies, state and provincial health departments and/or comparable state and provincial agencies, as well as foreign agencies, and certain accrediting bodies depending upon the type of operations and location of product distribution, manufacturing and sale.

The FDA and various state regulatory authorities regulate the research, testing, manufacture, safety, labeling, storage, recordkeeping, premarket approval, marketing, advertising and promotion, import and export and sales and distribution of pharmaceutical products in the U.S. Prior to marketing a pharmaceutical product, we must first receive FDA approval. In the U.S., the FDA regulates drugs under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”) and implementing regulations. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and compliance with appropriate federal, state, local, and foreign statutes and regulations requires the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Currently, the process required by the FDA before a drug product may be marketed in the U.S. generally involves the following:


•	Completion of preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies according to Good Laboratory Practices regulations;


•	Submission to the FDA of an IND which must become effective before human clinical studies may begin, including review and approval by any individual review board (“IRB”), serving any of the institutions participating in the clinical studies;


•	Performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical studies according to Good Clinical Practices and other requirements, to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug product for its intended use;


•	Submission to the FDA of a new drug application, or NDA, for a new drug;


•	Satisfactory completion of an FDA inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the drug product is produced to assess compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMPs”) regulations; and


•	FDA review and approval of the NDA.

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The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort, and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our agents in development will be granted on a timely basis, if at all. Once a pharmaceutical agent is identified for development, it enters the preclinical testing stage. Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, toxicity, formulation, and stability, as well as animal studies to assess its potential safety and efficacy. This testing culminates in the submission of the IND to the FDA.

Once the IND becomes effective, including review and approval by any IRB, serving any of the institutions participating in the clinical trial, the clinical trial program may begin. Each new clinical trial protocol must be submitted to the FDA before the study may begin. Human clinical studies are typically conducted in three sequential phases that may overlap or be combined:

•

Phase 1. The agent is initially introduced into healthy human subjects and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion. In the case of some products for severe or life-threatening diseases, especially when the agent may be too inherently toxic to ethically administer to healthy volunteers, the initial human testing is often conducted in patients with those diseases.


•	Phase 2. Involves studies in a limited patient population to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, to evaluate preliminarily the efficacy of the agent for specific targeted diseases and to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage and schedule.


•	Phase 3. Clinical studies are undertaken to further evaluate dosage, clinical efficacy and safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersed clinical study sites. These studies are intended to collect sufficient safety and efficacy data to support the NDA for FDA approval.

Clinical trial sponsors may request an SPA from the FDA. The FDA’s SPA process creates a written agreement between the sponsoring company and the FDA regarding the clinical trial design and other clinical trial issues that can be used to support approval of an agent. The SPA is intended to provide assurance that, if the agreed-upon clinical trial protocols are followed and the trial endpoints are achieved, then the data may serve as the primary basis for an efficacy claim in support of an NDA. However, the SPA agreement is not a guarantee of an approval of an agent or any permissible claims about the agent. In particular, the SPA is not binding on the FDA if public health concerns become evident that are unrecognized at the time that the SPA agreement is entered into, other new scientific concerns regarding product safety or efficacy arise, or if the clinical trial sponsor fails to comply with the agreed upon clinical trial protocols.

Progress reports detailing the results of the clinical studies must be submitted at least annually to the FDA and safety reports must be submitted to the FDA and the investigators for serious and unexpected adverse events. Submissions must also be made to inform the FDA of certain changes to the clinical trial protocol. Federal law also requires the sponsor to register the trials on public databases when they are initiated, and to disclose the results of the trials on public databases upon completion. Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 testing may not be completed successfully within any specified period, if at all. The FDA or the clinical trial sponsor may suspend or terminate a clinical study at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Similarly, any IRB serving any of the institutions participating in the clinical trial can suspend or terminate approval of a clinical study at a relevant institution if the clinical study is not being conducted in accordance with the IRB’s requirements or if the agent has been associated with unexpected serious harm to patients. Failure to register a clinical trial or disclose study results within the required time periods could result in penalties, including civil monetary penalties.

Concurrent with clinical studies, companies usually complete additional animal studies and must also develop additional information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the product and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in commercial quantities in accordance with cGMP requirements. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality batches of the agent and, among other things, the manufacturer must develop methods for testing the identity, strength, quality and purity of the final product. Additionally, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studies must be conducted to demonstrate that the agent does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life.

The results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical studies, along with descriptions of the manufacturing process, analytical tests conducted on the drug product, proposed labeling, and other relevant information, are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA for a new drug, requesting approval to market the agent. The submission of an NDA is subject to the payment of a substantial user fee. A waiver of that fee may be obtained under certain limited circumstances. The approval process is lengthy and difficult and the FDA may refuse to approve an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. The FDA has substantial discretion in the product approval process, and it is impossible to predict whether and when the FDA will grant marketing approval. The FDA may on occasion require the sponsor of an NDA to conduct additional clinical studies or to provide other scientific or technical information about the product, and these additional requirements may lead to unanticipated delay or expense. Even if such data and information are submitted, the FDA may ultimately decide that the NDA does not satisfy the criteria for approval. Data obtained from clinical studies are not always conclusive, and the FDA may interpret data differently than we interpret the same data.

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If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited to specific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. Further, the FDA may require that certain contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling. In addition, the FDA may require Phase 4 testing which involves clinical studies designed to further assess a drug product’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval. The FDA also may impose a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (“REMS”) to ensure that the benefits of a product outweigh its risks. A REMS could add training requirements for healthcare professionals, safety communications efforts and limits on channels of distribution, among other things. The sponsor would be required to evaluate and monitor the various REMS activities and adjust them if need be. Whether a REMS would be imposed on any of our products and any resulting financial impact is uncertain at this time.

Any drug products for which we receive FDA approvals are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including, among other things, record-keeping requirements, reporting of adverse experiences with the product, providing the FDA with updated safety and efficacy information, product sampling and distribution requirements, complying with certain electronic records and signature requirements, and complying with FDA promotion and advertising requirements. The FDA strictly regulates labeling, advertising, promotion and other types of information on drug products that are placed on the market. Drugs may be promoted only for the approved indications and consistent with the provisions of the approved label and promotional claims must be appropriately balanced with important safety information and otherwise be adequately substantiated. Further, manufacturers of drugs must continue to comply with cGMP requirements, which are extensive and require considerable time, resources and ongoing investment to ensure compliance. In addition, changes to the manufacturing process generally require prior FDA approval before being implemented, and other types of changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications and additional labeling claims, are also subject to further FDA review and approval.

Drug product manufacturers and other entities involved in the manufacturing and distribution of approved drugs products are required to register their establishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain other agencies for compliance with cGMP and other laws. The cGMP requirements apply to all stages of the manufacturing process, including the production, processing, sterilization, packaging, labeling, storage and shipment of the drug product. Manufacturers must establish validated systems to ensure that products meet specifications and regulatory standards, and test each product batch or lot prior to its release. In addition, manufacturers of commercial PET products, including radiopharmacies, hospitals and academic medical centers, are required to submit either an NDA or ANDA in order to produce PET drugs for clinical use, or produce the drugs under an IND.

The FDA also regulates the preclinical and clinical testing, design, manufacture, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage, record keeping, sales and distribution, post-market adverse event reporting, import/export and advertising and promotion of any medical devices that we distribute pursuant to the FDCA and FDA’s implementing regulations. The Federal Trade Commission shares jurisdiction with the FDA over the promotion and advertising of certain medical devices. The FDA can also impose restrictions on the sale, distribution or use of medical devices at the time of their clearance or approval, or subsequent to marketing. Currently, two medical devices, both of which are manufactured by third parties that hold the product clearances, comprise only a small portion of our revenues.

The FDA may withdraw marketing authorization for a pharmaceutical or medical device product if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reaches the market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product may result in restrictions on the product or even complete withdrawal of the product from the market. Further, the failure to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements may result in administrative or judicial actions, such as fines, civil monetary penalties, warning letters, holds on clinical studies, product recalls or seizures, product detention or refusal to permit the import or export of pharmaceuticals or medical device products, refusal to approve pending applications or supplements, restrictions on marketing or manufacturing, injunctions, or civil or criminal penalties.

Because our operations include the manufacture and distribution of medical radioisotopes and other medical products, we are subject to regulation by the NRC and the departments of health of each state in which we operate and the applicable state boards of pharmacy. In addition, the FDA is also involved in the regulation of cyclotron facilities where PET products are produced in compliance with cGMP requirements and U.S. Pharmacopeia requirements for PET drug compounding.

Drug laws also are in effect in many of the non-U.S. markets in which we conduct business. These laws range from comprehensive drug approval requirements to requests for product data or certifications. In addition, inspection of and controls over manufacturing, as well as monitoring of adverse events, are components of most of these regulatory systems. Most of our business is subject to varying degrees of governmental regulation in the countries in which we operate, and the general trend is toward increasingly stringent regulation. The exercise of broad regulatory powers by the FDA continues to result in increases in the amount of testing and documentation required for approval or clearance of new drugs and devices, all of which add to the expense of product introduction. Similar trends also are evident in major non-U.S. markets, including Canada, the European Union, Australia and Japan.

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To assess and facilitate compliance with applicable FDA, NRC and other state, federal and foreign regulatory requirements, we regularly review our quality systems to assess their effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. As part of our quality review, we perform assessments of our suppliers of the raw materials that are incorporated into products and conduct quality management reviews designed to inform management of key issues that may affect the quality of our products. From time to time, we may determine that products we manufactured or marketed do not meet our specifications, published standards, such as those issued by the International Standards Organization, or regulatory requirements. When a quality or regulatory issue is identified, we investigate the issue and take appropriate corrective action, such as withdrawal of the product from the market, correction of the product at the customer location, notice to the customer of revised labeling and other actions.

Hatch-Waxman Act

The Hatch-Waxman Act added two pathways for FDA drug approval. First, the Hatch-Waxman Act permits the FDA to approve ANDAs for generic versions of drugs if the ANDA applicant demonstrates, among other things, that its product is bioequivalent to the innovator product and provides relevant chemistry, manufacturing and product data. See “Item 1. Business - Patents.” Second, the Hatch-Waxman Act created what is known as a Section 505(b)(2) NDA, which requires the same information as a full NDA (known as a Section 505(b)(1) NDA), including full reports of clinical and preclinical studies but allows some of the information from the reports required for marketing approval to come from studies which the applicant does not own or have a legal right of reference. A Section 505(b)(2) NDA permits a manufacturer to obtain marketing approval for a drug without needing to conduct or obtain a right of reference for all of the required studies. The Hatch-Waxman Act also provides for: (1) restoration of a portion of a product’s patent term that was lost during clinical development and application review by the FDA; and (2) statutory protection, known as exclusivity, against the FDA’s acceptance or approval of certain competitor applications.

Patent term extension can compensate for time lost during product development and the regulatory review process by returning up to five years of patent life for a patent that covers a new product or its use. This period is generally one-half the time between the effective date of an IND and the submission date of an NDA, plus the time between the submission date of an NDA and the approval of that application. Patent term extensions, however, are subject to a maximum extension of five years, and the patent term extension cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond a total of 14 years. The application for patent term extension is subject to approval by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in conjunction with the FDA.

The Hatch-Waxman Act also provides for a period of statutory protection for new drugs that receive NDA approval from the FDA. If the FDA approves a Section 505(b)(1) NDA for a new drug that is a new chemical entity, meaning that the FDA has not previously approved any other new drug containing the same active moiety, then the Hatch-Waxman Act prohibits the submission or approval of an ANDA or a Section 505(b)(2) NDA for a period of five years from the date of approval of the NDA, except that the FDA may accept an application for review after four years under certain circumstances. The Hatch-Waxman Act will not prevent the filing or approval of a full NDA, as opposed to an ANDA or Section 505(b)(2) NDA, for any drug, but the competitor would be required to conduct its own clinical trials, and any use of the drug for which marketing approval is sought could not violate another NDA holder’s patent claims. The Hatch-Waxman Act provides for a three-year period of exclusivity for an NDA for a new drug containing an active moiety that was previously approved by the FDA, but also includes new clinical data (other than bioavailability and bioequivalence studies) to support an innovation over the previously approved drug and those studies were conducted or sponsored by the applicant and were essential to approval of the application. This three-year exclusivity period does not prohibit the FDA from accepting an application from a third party for a drug with that same innovation, but it does prohibit the FDA from approving that application for the three-year period. The three-year exclusivity does not prohibit the FDA, with limited exceptions, from approving generic drugs containing the same active ingredient but without the new innovation.

Healthcare Reform and Other Laws Affecting Payment

We operate in a highly-regulated industry. The U.S. and state governments continue to propose and pass legislation that may affect the availability and cost of healthcare. For example, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Healthcare Reform Act, substantially changes the way in which healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers and has a significant impact on the pharmaceutical industry. The Healthcare Reform Act contains a number of provisions that affect coverage, reimbursement and/or delivery of drug products and the medical imaging procedures in which our drug products are used. Key provisions that currently affect our business include the following:


•	increasing the presumed utilization rate for imaging equipment costing $1 million or more in the physician office and free-standing imaging facility setting which reduces the Medicare per procedure medical imaging reimbursement; which rate was further increased by subsequent legislation effective January 1, 2014;


•	increasing drug rebates paid to state Medicaid programs under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program for brand name prescription drugs and extending those rebates to Medicaid managed care organizations;


•	imposing a non-deductible annual fee on pharmaceutical manufacturers or importers who sell brand name prescription drugs to specified federal government programs;

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•	imposing an excise tax on the sale of taxable medical devices, to be paid by the entity that manufactures or imports the device: (which tax applied to applicable sales made from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2015, but is currently suspended for 2016 through 2019); and


•	amending the federal self-referral laws to require referring physicians ordering certain diagnostic imaging services to inform patients under certain circumstances that the patients may obtain the services from other local and unaffiliated suppliers (which may affect the setting in which a patient obtains services).

The Healthcare Reform Act also amended the federal self-referral laws, requiring referring physicians to inform patients under certain circumstances that the patients may obtain services, including MRI, computed tomography (“CT”), PET and certain other diagnostic imaging services, from a provider other than that physician, another physician in his or her group practice, or another individual under direct supervision of the physician or another physician in the group practice. The referring physician must provide each patient with a written list of other suppliers who furnish those services in the area in which the patient resides. These new requirements could have the effect of shifting where certain diagnostic medical imaging procedures are performed.

The Healthcare Reform Act has been subject to political and judicial challenges. For example, tax reform legislation was enacted at the end of 2017 that effectively eliminates the “individual mandate” to maintain health insurance coverage by eliminating the tax penalty for individuals who do not maintain sufficient health insurance coverage beginning in 2019. In a May 2018 report, the Congressional Budget Office estimated that, compared to 2018, the number of uninsured will increase by 3 million in 2019 and 6 million in 2028, in part due to the elimination of the “individual mandate”. In December 2018, a federal district court judge, in a challenge brought by a number of state attorneys general, found the Healthcare Reform Act unconstitutional in its entirety because once Congress repealed the “individual mandate” provision, there was no longer a basis to rely on Congressional taxing authority to support enactment of the law. Pending appeals, which could take some time, the Healthcare Reform Act is still operational in all respects.

Recently, there has been considerable public and government scrutiny of pharmaceutical pricing and proposals to address the perceived high cost of pharmaceuticals. For example, in May 2018, President Trump and the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services released a “blueprint” to lower prescription drug prices and out-of-pocket costs. Certain proposals in the blueprint, and related drug pricing measures proposed since the blueprint, could cause significant operational and reimbursement changes for the pharmaceutical industry. As another example, in October 2018, CMS solicited public comments on potential changes to payment for certain Medicare Part B drugs, including reducing the Medicare payment amount for selected Medicare Part B drugs to more closely align with international drug prices. Efforts by government officials or legislators to implement measures to regulate prices or payment for pharmaceutical products could limit our flexibility in establishing prices for our products or otherwise adversely affect our business if implemented. Changes could occur at the federal level or state level and may be adopted by statute, rule, or sub-regulatory policies. Recent state legislative efforts seek to address drug costs and generally have focused on increasing transparency around drug costs or limiting drug prices. Some of those efforts have been subject to legal challenge.

General legislative cost control measures may also affect reimbursement for our products or services provided with our products. The Budget Control Act, as amended by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, resulted in the imposition of 2% reductions in Medicare (but not Medicaid) payments to providers beginning in 2013 and will remain in effect through 2027 unless additional Congressional action is taken. Any significant spending reductions affecting Medicare, Medicaid or other publicly funded or subsidized health programs that may be implemented and/or any significant taxes or fees that may be imposed on us could have an adverse impact on our business results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Healthcare Fraud and Abuse Laws

We are subject to various federal, state and local laws targeting fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry, including anti-kickback and false claims laws. Violations of fraud and abuse laws may be punishable by criminal or civil sanctions, including fines and civil monetary penalties, and/or exclusion from federal health care programs (including Medicare and Medicaid). Federal and state authorities are paying increased attention to enforcement of these laws within the pharmaceutical industry, and private individuals have been active in alleging violations of the laws and bringing suits on behalf of the government under the federal False Claims Act (“FCA”). Violations of international fraud and abuse laws could result in similar penalties, including exclusion from participation in health programs outside the U.S. If we were subject to allegations concerning, or were convicted of violating, these laws, our business could be harmed.

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The federal Anti-Kickback Statute generally prohibits, among other things, a pharmaceutical manufacturer from directly or indirectly soliciting, offering, receiving, or paying any remuneration in cash or in kind where one purpose is either to induce the referral of an individual for, or the purchase or prescription of a particular drug that is payable by a federal health care program, including Medicare or Medicaid. The Healthcare Reform Act clarifies the intent requirements of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, providing that a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or a specific intent to violate the statute. Violations of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute can result in exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid or other governmental programs as well as civil and criminal fines and penalties of up to $100,000 per violation and three times the amount of the unlawful remuneration. In addition, the Healthcare Reform Act revised the FCA to provide that a claim arising from a violation of the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the FCA. The majority of states also have anti-kickback, false claims, and similar fraud and abuse laws and although the specific provisions of these laws vary, their scope is generally broad, and there may not be regulations, guidance or court decisions that apply the laws to particular industry practices. There is therefore a possibility that our practices might be challenged under the anti-kickback statutes or similar laws.

Federal and state false claims laws generally prohibit anyone from knowingly and willfully, among other activities, presenting, or causing to be presented for payment to third party payors (including Medicare and Medicaid) claims for drugs or services that are false or fraudulent (which may include claims for services not provided as claimed or claims for medically unnecessary services). As discussed, a claim arising from a violation of the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the FCA. False or fraudulent claims for purposes of the FCA carry fines and civil penalties for violations ranging from $11,181 to $22,363 for each false claim, plus up to three times the amount of damages sustained by the federal government and, most critically, may provide the basis for exclusion from federally funded healthcare programs. There is also a criminal FCA statute by which individuals or entities that submit false claims can face criminal penalties. In addition, under the federal Civil Monetary Penalty Law, the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General has the authority to exclude from participation in federal health care programs or to impose civil penalties against any person who, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, certain false or otherwise improper claims. Our activities relating to the sale and marketing of our products may be subject to scrutiny under these laws.

Laws and regulations have also been enacted by the federal government and various states to regulate the sales and marketing practices of pharmaceutical manufacturers. The laws and regulations generally limit financial interactions between manufacturers and health care providers; require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the U.S. federal government; and/or require disclosure to the government and/or public of financial interactions (so-called “sunshine laws”). The Healthcare Reform Act requires manufacturers to submit information to the FDA on the identity and quantity of drug samples requested and distributed by a manufacturer during each year. Many of these laws and regulations contain ambiguous requirements or require administrative guidance for implementation. Given the lack of clarity in laws and their implementation, our activities could be subject to the penalty provisions of the pertinent federal and state laws and regulations.

Other Healthcare Laws

Our operations may be affected by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act and its implementing regulations (“HITECH”) which impose obligations on certain “covered entities” (healthcare providers, health plans and healthcare clearinghouses) and certain of their “business associate” contractors with respect to safeguarding the privacy, security and transmission of protected health information. Although we believe that we are neither a “covered entity” nor a “business associate” under the legislation, a business associate relationship may be imputed from facts and circumstances even in the absence of an actual business associate agreement. In addition, HIPAA and HITECH may affect our interactions with customers who are covered entities or their business associates.

Antitrust and Competition Laws

The federal government and most states have enacted antitrust laws that prohibit specific types of anti-competitive conduct, including price fixing, wage fixing, concerted refusals to deal, price discrimination and tying arrangements, as well as monopolization and acquisitions of competitors that have, or may have, a substantial adverse effect on competition. Violations of federal or state antitrust laws can result in various sanctions, including criminal and civil penalties. We believe we are in compliance with such federal and state laws, but courts or regulatory authorities may reach a determination in the future that could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, we are subject to similar antitrust and anti-competition laws in foreign countries. We believe we are in compliance with such laws, however, any violation could create a substantial liability for us and also cause a loss of reputation in both foreign and domestic markets.

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Laws Relating to Foreign Trade

We are subject to various federal and foreign laws that govern our international business practices with respect to payments to government officials. Those laws include the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) which prohibits U.S. companies and their representatives from paying, offering to pay, promising, or authorizing the payment of anything of value to any foreign government official, government staff member, political party, or political candidate for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or to otherwise obtain favorable treatment or influence a person working in an official capacity. In many countries, the healthcare professionals we regularly interact with may meet the FCPA’s definition of a foreign government official. The FCPA also requires public companies to make and keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect their transactions and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls.

Those laws also include the U.K. Bribery Act (“Bribery Act”) which proscribes giving and receiving bribes in the public and private sectors, bribing a foreign public official, and failing to have adequate procedures to prevent employees and other agents from giving bribes. U.S. companies that conduct business in the United Kingdom generally will be subject to the Bribery Act. Penalties under the Bribery Act include potentially unlimited fines for companies and criminal sanctions for corporate officers under certain circumstances.

Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. Our operations reach many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree, and in certain circumstances strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Despite our training and compliance programs, our internal control policies and procedures may not always protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents.

We are also subject to trade control regulations and trade sanctions laws that restrict the movement of certain goods, currency, products, materials, services and technology to, and certain operations in, various countries or with certain persons. Our ability to transfer people and products among certain countries may be subjected to these laws and regulations.

Health and Safety Laws

We are also subject to various federal, state and local laws, regulations and recommendations, both in the U.S. and abroad, relating to safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices and the use, transportation and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances.

Environmental Matters

We are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, human health and safety in the U.S. and in other jurisdictions in which we operate. Our operations, like those of other medical product companies, involve the transport, use, handling, storage, exposure to and disposal of materials and wastes regulated under environmental laws, including hazardous and radioactive materials and wastes. If we violate these laws and regulations, we could be fined, criminally charged or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. We believe that our operations currently comply in all material respects with applicable environmental laws and regulations. See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors— We use hazardous materials in our business and must comply with environmental laws and regulations, which can be expensive .”

Certain environmental laws and regulations assess liability on current or previous owners or operators of real property for the cost of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous materials or wastes at those formerly owned or operated properties or at third party properties at which they have disposed of hazardous materials or wastes. In addition to cleanup actions brought by governmental authorities, private parties could bring personal injury, property damage or other claims due to the presence of, or exposure to, hazardous materials or wastes. We currently are not party to any claims or any obligations to investigate or remediate any material contamination at any of our facilities.

We are required to maintain a number of environmental permits and nuclear licenses for our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility, which is our primary manufacturing, packaging and distribution facility. In particular, we must maintain a nuclear byproducts materials license issued by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. This license requires that we provide financial assurance demonstrating our ability to cover the cost of decommissioning and decontaminating (“D&D”) the Billerica site at the end of its use as a nuclear facility. In addition, we have a radioactive production facility in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where we must also maintain a number of environmental permits and nuclear licenses. As of December 31, 2018 , we currently estimate the D&D cost to be approximately $26.9 million . As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , we have a liability recorded associated with the fair value of the asset retirement obligations of $11.6 million and $10.4 million , respectively. We currently provide this financial assurance in the form of surety bonds. We generally contract with third parties for the disposal of wastes generated by our operations. Prior to disposal, we store any low level radioactive waste at our facilities until the materials are below regulatory limits, as allowed by our licenses and permits.

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Environmental laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have become more stringent over time. While we have budgeted for future capital and operating expenditures to maintain compliance with these laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that our costs of complying with current or future environmental protection, health and safety laws and regulations will not exceed our estimates or adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Further, we cannot assure you that we will not be subject to additional environmental claims for personal injury or cleanup in the future based on our past, present or future business activities. While it is not feasible to predict the future costs of ongoing environmental compliance, it is possible that there will be a need for future provisions for environmental costs that, in management’s opinion, are not likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, but could be material to the results of operations in any one accounting period.

Employees

As of December 31, 2018 , we had 488 employees, of which 443 were located in the U.S. and 45 were located internationally. None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement, and we believe that our relationship with our employees is good.

Corporate History

Founded in 1956 as New England Nuclear Corporation, our medical imaging diagnostic business was purchased by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (“DuPont”) in 1981. Bristol Myers Squibb (“BMS”) subsequently acquired our diagnostic medical imaging business as part of its acquisition of DuPont Pharmaceuticals in 2001. In January 2008, Avista Capital Partners, L.P., Avista Capital Partners (Offshore), L.P. and ACP-Lantern Co-Invest, LLC (collectively “Avista”) formed Lantheus Holdings and acquired our medical imaging business from BMS. On June 30, 2015, we completed an initial public offering (“IPO”) of our common stock. Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “LNTH”.

Available Information

Our global Internet site is www.lantheus.com. We routinely make available important information, including copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC, free of charge on our website at www.investor.lantheus.com. We recognize our website as a key channel of distribution to reach public investors and as a means of disclosing material non-public information to comply with our disclosure obligations under SEC Regulation FD. Information contained on our website shall not be deemed incorporated into, or to be part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and any website references are not intended to be made through active hyperlinks.

Our reports filed with, or furnished to, the SEC are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, and for Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, in an XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) format. XBRL is an electronic coding language used to create interactive financial statement data over the Internet. The information on our website is neither part of nor incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the following risks. These risks could materially affect our business, results of operations or financial condition, cause the trading price of our outstanding common stock to decline materially or cause our actual results to differ materially from those expected or those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and the risks of our businesses described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

Risks Related to Our Current Products and Revenues

The growth of our business is substantially dependent on our ability to continue to grow the appropriate use of DEFINITY in suboptimal echocardiograms in the face of increased segment competition from other existing echocardiography agents and potential generic competitors as a result of future patent and regulatory exclusivity expirations .

The growth of our business is substantially dependent on our ability to continue to grow the appropriate use of DEFINITY in suboptimal echocardiograms. There were approximately 33.7 million echocardiograms in 2018 according to a third-party source. Assuming 20% of echocardiograms produce suboptimal images, as stated in the clinical literature, we estimate that approximately 6.7 million echocardiograms in 2018 produced suboptimal images. We estimate that DEFINITY held over 80% of the U.S. market for contrast agents in echocardiography procedures as of December 31, 2018. DEFINITY currently competes with Optison, a GE Healthcare produc t, Lumason, a Bracco product (known as SonoVue outside the U.S.), as well as echocardiography without contrast and other non-echocardiography agents.

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We launched DEFINITY in 2001, and we continue to actively pursue patents in connection with DEFINITY, both in the U.S. and internationally. In the U.S., we have an Orange Book-listed method of use patent expiring in March 2037 to augment a DEFINITY patent portfolio that includes an Orange Book-listed composition of matter patent expiring in June 2019 , and additional manufacturing patents that are not Orange Book-listed expiring in 2021 , 2023 and 2037 . Outside of the U.S., our DEFINITY patent protection or regulatory exclusivity currently expires in 2019 . We were also recently granted a composition of matter patent on the modified formulation of DEFINITY which runs through December 2035. If the modified formulation is approved by the FDA, then this patent would be eligible to be listed in the Orange Book.

Because our Orange Book-listed composition of matter patent expires in June 2019, we may face generic DEFINITY challengers in the near to intermediate term. Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, the FDA can approve ANDAs for generic versions of drugs before the expiration of an Orange Book-listed patent covering the innovator product if the ANDA applicant demonstrates, among other things, that (i) its generic candidate is the same as the innovator product by establishing bioequivalence and providing relevant chemistry, manufacturing and product data, and (ii) the marketing of that generic candidate does not infringe an Orange Book-listed patent or the Orange Book-listed patent is invalid. With respect to any Orange Book-listed patent covering the innovator product that expires after the ANDA applicant intends to begin commercialization, the ANDA applicant must certify that its generic candidate will not infringe the innovator’s Orange Book-listed patents or that the Orange Book-listed patents are invalid. The ANDA applicant must also give Notice to the innovator, which would then enable the innovator to challenge the ANDA applicant in court within 45 days of receiving such Notice. If the innovator challenges the ANDA applicant in court in a timely manner, then FDA approval to commercialize the generic candidate will be stayed (that is, delayed) for up to 30 months while the dispute between the innovator and the ANDA applicant is resolved in court. The 30 month stay can be shortened if the patent infringement suit is resolved in the ANDA applicant’s favor before the 30 month stay expires, and this may involve a successful challenge of the patent’s validity in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, proceedings and appeals process.

As of the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have not received any such Notice from any ANDA applicant but can give no assurance that we will not receive a Notice in the future. If we were to receive any such Notice in the future, we would review the Notice, evaluate the strength of any potential patent infringement claims, and be prepared to challenge the ANDA applicant in a timely fashion, which would thereby trigger the stay of up to 30 months. We can give no assurance that we would have grounds to file a patent infringement suit, that we would obtain the full 30 month stay, that we would be successful on the merits asserting that a generic candidate infringes our Orange Book-listed patent, or that we would be successful defending the validity of our Orange Book-listed patent in court or in a USPTO adversarial proceeding.

As part of our microbubble franchise strategy, (i) we have initiated additional clinical trials to pursue expansion of the current DEFINITY indication to include LVEF, (ii) we are developing a modified formulation of DEFINITY, (iii) we look for other opportunities to expand our microbubble franchise, including new applications beyond echocardiography and contrast imaging generally, and (iv) we continue to build specialized in-house manufacturing capabilities at our North Billerica facility for DEFINITY and, potentially, other products. However, we can give no assurance that our microbubble franchise strategy will be successful or that new manufacturing capabilities, a new indication, a modified formulation or new applications will grow our microbubble franchise.

We have on-going development and technology transfer activities for our modified formulation with SBL located in South Korea but can give no assurances as to when or if those development and technology transfer activities will be completed and when we will begin to receive a supply of our modified formulation from SBL.

If we are not able to continue to (i) grow DEFINITY sales, which depend on one or more of the growth of echocardiograms, the growth in the appropriate use of contrast in suboptimal echocardiograms, and our ability to sustain and grow our leading position in the U.S. echocardiography contrast market, or (ii) be successful with our microbubble franchise strategy, we may not be able to continue to grow the revenue and cash flow of our business, which could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The global supply of Moly is fragile and not stable. Our dependence on a limited number of third party suppliers for Moly could prevent us from delivering some of our products to our customers in the required quantities, within the required timeframe, or at all, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues .

A critical ingredient of TechneLite is Moly. We currently purchase finished Moly from three of the four main processing sites in the world, namely ANSTO in Australia, IRE in Belgium and NTP in South Africa. These processing sites provide us Moly from five of the six main Moly-producing reactors in the world, namely OPAL in Australia, BR2 in Belgium, LVR-15 in the Czech Republic, HFR in The Netherlands, and SAFARI in South Africa.

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ANSTO has under construction a new Moly processing facility that ANSTO believes will increase its production capacity from approximately 2,000 curies per week to 3,500 curies per week. ANSTO has indicated that it currently plans to start commercial production in the first half of 2019. While we believe this additional Moly supply will give us the most balanced and diversified Moly supply chain in the industry, a prolonged disruption of service from only one of our Moly suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The NTP processing facility was off-line from late November 2017 until mid-February 2018 and again from early June 2018 through mid-November 2018. During the periods when NTP was not producing, we relied on Moly supply from both IRE and ANSTO to limit the impact of the NTP outage. However, we were unable to fill all of the demand for our TechneLite generators on certain manufacturing days, consequently decreasing revenue and cash flow from this product line during the outage periods as compared to prior periods. A longer term outage from one of our three Moly processing sites or one of their main Moly-producing reactors could have a substantial negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We are also pursuing additional sources of Moly from potential new producers around the world to further augment our current supply. In November 2014, we entered into a strategic arrangement with SHINE for the future supply of Moly. Under the terms of the supply agreement, SHINE will provide Moly produced using its proprietary LEU-solution technology for use in our TechneLite generators once SHINE’s facility becomes operational and receives all necessary regulatory approvals, which SHINE now estimates will occur in 2021. However, we cannot assure you that SHINE or any other possible additional sources of Moly will result in commercial quantities of Moly for our business, or that these new suppliers together with our current suppliers will be able to deliver a sufficient quantity of Moly to meet our needs.

U.S., Canadian and international governments have encouraged the development of a number of alternative Moly production projects with existing reactors and technologies as well as new technologies. However, we cannot say when, or if, the Moly produced from these projects will become available. As a result, there is a limited amount of Moly available which could limit the quantity of TechneLite that we could manufacture, sell and distribute, resulting in a further substantial negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Most of the global suppliers of Moly rely on Framatone-CERCA in France to fabricate uranium targets and in some cases fuel for research reactors from which Moly is produced. Absent a new supplier, a supply disruption relating to uranium targets or fuel could have a substantial negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The instability of the global supply of Moly, including supply shortages, has resulted in increases in the cost of Moly, which has negatively affected our margins, and more restrictive agreements with suppliers, which could further increase our costs.

With the general instability in the global supply of Moly, we have faced substantial increases in the cost of Moly in comparison to historical costs. We expect these cost increases to continue in the future as the Moly suppliers move closer to a full cost recovery business model. The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) defines full cost recovery as the identification of all of the costs of production and recovering these costs from the market. While we are generally able to pass Moly cost increases on to our customers in our customer contracts, if we are not able to do so in the future, our margins may decline further with respect to our TechneLite generators, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We face revenue and unit volume risk for Xenon in pulmonary studies as a result of competition from Curium and potentially others .

Historically, several companies, including Curium, sold packaged Xenon as a pulmonary imaging agent in the U.S., but from 2010 through the first quarter of 2016 (when Curium received regulatory approval from FDA to again sell packaged Xenon in the U.S.) we were the only supplier of this imaging agent in the U.S. Curium sol d packaged Xenon in the U.S. during parts of 2016 and again began selling packaged Xenon in the U.S. in May 2018. Depending upon the pricing, extent of availability and market penetration of Curium’s offering, we believe we are at risk for volume loss and price erosion from those customers that are not subject to price or volume commitments with us.

Xenon is frequently administered as part of a ventilation scan to evaluate pulmonary function prior to a perfusion scan with microaggregated albumin (“MAA”), a Technetium-based radiopharmaceutical used to evaluate blood flow to the lungs. Currently, JDI is the sole supplier of MAA on a global basis. Since 2014, JDI has instituted multiple and substantial price increases for MAA. The increased price of MAA, or difficulties in obtaining MAA, could decrease the frequency in which MAA is used for lung perfusion evaluation, in turn, decreasing the frequency that Xenon is used for pulmonary function evaluation, resulting in a negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

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In addition to competition from Curium, other imaging agents and modalities could potentially compete with, or displace, packaged Xenon in pulmonary studies. For example, in December 2017, JDI received FDA approval for the use of DTPA (Kit for the Preparation of Technetium Tc99M Pentetate Injection) (“DTPA”) in lung ventilation assessments. If there is an increase in the use of DTPA or other imaging agents or modalities in place of packaged Xenon, our current sales volumes would decrease, which could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our dependence upon third parties for the manufacture and supply of a substantial portion of our products could prevent us from delivering our products to our customers in the required quantities, within the required timeframes, or at all, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues .

We obtain a substantial portion of our products from third party manufacturers and suppliers. We rely on JHS as our sole source manufacturer of DEFINITY, Neurolite, Cardiolite and evacuation vials. We currently have additional on-going technology transfer activities for a modified formulation of DEFINITY with SBL. We currently believe that if approved by the FDA, the modified formulation could be commercially available in 2020, although that timing cannot be assured. Currently, our DEFINITY, Neurolite, Cardiolite, evacuation vial and saline product supplies are approved for manufacture by a single manufacturer.

Based on our current estimates, we believe that we will have sufficient supply of DEFINITY, Neurolite, Cardiolite and evacuation vials from JHS, and sufficient supply of saline from our sole manufacturer, to meet expected demand. However, we can give no assurances that JHS or our other manufacturing partner will be able to manufacture and distribute our products in a high quality and timely manner and in sufficient quantities to allow us to avoid product stock-outs and shortfalls. Currently, regulatory authorities in certain countries have not yet approved JHS as a manufacturer of certain of our products. Accordingly, until those regulatory approvals have been obtained, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows will continue to be adversely affected.

Xenon is captured as a by-product of the Moly production process. We receive bulk unprocessed Xenon from IRE resulting from HEU Moly production, which we process and finish for our customers. We do not yet receive Xenon resulting from LEU Moly production at IRE and can give no assurances as to the timing of the availability of LEU Xenon. We believe we will have a sufficient supply of HEU and LEU Xenon to meet our customers’ needs. However, until IRE converts to LEU Xenon production or we can qualify an additional source of bulk unprocessed Xenon, we will rely on IRE as a sole source provider of HEU Xenon.

In addition to the products described above, for reasons of quality assurance or cost-effectiveness, we purchase certain components and raw materials from sole suppliers (including, for example, the lead casing for our TechneLite generators and the lipid blend material used in the processing of DEFINITY). Because we do not control the actual production of many of the products we sell and many of the raw materials and components that make up the products we sell, we may be subject to delays caused by interruption in production based on events and conditions outside of our control. At our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility, we manufacture TechneLite on a relatively new, highly automated production line, as well as Thallium and Gallium using our older cyclotron technology and Xenon and Quadramet using our hot cell infrastructure. As with all manufacturing facilities, equipment and infrastructure age and become subject to increasing maintenance and repair. If we or one of our manufacturing partners experiences an event, including a labor dispute, natural disaster, fire, power outage, machinery breakdown, security problem, failure to meet regulatory requirements, product quality issue, technology transfer issue or other issue, we may be unable to manufacture the relevant products at previous levels or on the forecasted schedule, if at all. Due to the stringent regulations and requirements of the governing regulatory authorities regarding the manufacture of our products, we may not be able to quickly restart manufacturing at a third party or our own facility or establish additional or replacement sources for certain products, components or materials.

In addition to our existing manufacturing relationships, we are also pursuing new manufacturing relationships to establish and secure additional or alternative suppliers for our commercial products. We currently have additional on-going technology transfer activities for a modified formulation of DEFINITY with SBL. We have also commenced an extensive, multi-year effort to add specialized manufacturing capabilities at our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility. This project is part of a larger corporate growth strategy to create a competitive advantage in specialized manufacturing. This project should not only deliver efficiencies and supply chain redundancy for our current portfolio but also should afford us increased flexibility as we consider external opportunities. H owever, we cannot assure you that these activities or any of our additional supply activities will be successful or that we will be able to avoid or mitigate interim supply shortages before new sources of product are fully functional and qualified. In addition, we cannot assure you that our existing manufacturers or suppliers or any new manufacturers or suppliers can adequately maintain either their financial health, technical capabilities or regulatory compliance to allow continued production and supply. A reduction or interruption in manufacturing, or an inability to secure alternative sources of raw materials or components, could eventually have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

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Our just-in-time manufacturing of radiopharmaceutical products relies on the timely receipt of radioactive raw materials and the timely shipment of finished goods, and any disruption of our supply or distribution networks could have a negative effect on our business .

Because a number of our radiopharmaceutical products, including our TechneLite generators, rely on radioisotopes with limited half-lives, we must manufacture, finish and distribute these products on a just-in-time basis, because the underlying radioisotope is in a constant state of radio decay. For example, if we receive Moly in the morning of a manufacturing day for TechneLite generators, then we will generally ship finished generators to customers by the end of that same business day. Shipment of generators may be by next day delivery services or by either ground or air custom logistics. Any delay in us receiving radioisotopes from suppliers or being able to have finished products delivered to customers because of weather or other unforeseen transportation issues could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Challenges with product quality or product performance, including defects, caused by us or our suppliers could result in a decrease in customers and revenues, unexpected expenses and loss of market share .

The manufacture of our products is highly exacting and complex and must meet stringent quality requirements, due in part to strict regulatory requirements, including the FDA’s cGMPs. Problems may be identified or arise during manufacturing quality review, packaging or shipment for a variety of reasons including equipment malfunction, failure to follow specific protocols and procedures, defective raw materials and environmental factors. Additionally, manufacturing flaws, component failures, design defects, off-label uses or inadequate disclosure of product-related information could result in an unsafe condition or the injury or death of a patient. Those events could lead to a recall of, or issuance of a safety alert relating to, our products. We also may undertake voluntarily to recall products or temporarily shut down production lines based on internal safety and quality monitoring and testing data.

Quality, regulatory and recall challenges could cause us to incur significant costs, including costs to replace products, lost revenue, damage to customer relationships, time and expense spent investigating the cause and costs of any possible settlements or judgments related thereto and potentially cause similar losses with respect to other products. These challenges could also divert the attention of our management and employees from operational, commercial or other business efforts. If we deliver products with defects, or if there is a perception that our products or the processes related to our products contain errors or defects, we could incur additional recall and product liability costs, and our credibility and the market acceptance and sales of our products could be materially adversely affected. Due to the strong name recognition of our brands, an adverse event involving one of our products could result in reduced market acceptance and demand for all products within that brand, and could harm our reputation and our ability to market our products in the future. In some circumstances, adverse events arising from or associated with the design, manufacture or marketing of our products could result in the suspension or delay of regulatory reviews of our applications for new product approvals. These challenges could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In the U.S., we are heavily dependent on a few large customers and group purchasing organization arrangements to generate a majority of our revenues for our nuclear medical imaging products and our other products. Outside of the U.S., we rely primarily on distributors to generate a substantial portion of our revenue.

In the U.S., we have historically relied on a limited number of radiopharmacy customers, primarily Cardinal, UPPI, GE Healthcare and Triad, to distribute our current largest volume nuclear imaging products and generate a majority of our revenues. Cardinal, UPPI and GE Healthcare accounted for approximately 26% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2018. Among the existing radiopharmacies in the U.S., continued consolidations, divestitures and reorganizations may have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. We generally have distribution arrangements with our major radiopharmacy customers pursuant to multi-year contracts, each of which is subject to renewal. If these contracts are terminated prior to expiration of their term, or are not renewed, or are renewed on terms that are less favorable to us, then such an event could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

For all of our medical imaging products, we continue to experience significant pricing pressures from our competitors, large customers and group purchasing organizations, and any significant, additional pricing pressures could lead to a reduction in revenue which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

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Outside of the U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico, we have no sales force and, consequently, rely on third-party distributors, either on a country-by-country basis or on a multi-country, regional basis, to market, sell and distribute our products. In Canada, we maintain our own direct sales force to sell DEFINITY. We formerly owned or operated radiopharmacies and we now sell radiopharmaceutical products under the Isologic Supply Agreement. In Australia, we also formerly owned or operated radiopharmacies, and we now sell DEFINITY and radiopharmaceutical products under the GMS Supply Agreement. Distributors accounted for approximately 36% , 45% and 34% of International segment revenues for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In certain circumstances, distributors may also sell competing products to our own or products for competing diagnostic modalities and may have incentives to shift sales towards those competing products. As a result, we cannot assure you that our international distributors will increase or maintain current levels of unit sales or that we will be able to increase or maintain our current unit pricing, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We face significant competition in our business and may not be able to compete effectively .

The market for diagnostic medical imaging agents is highly competitive and continually evolving. Our principal competitors in existing diagnostic modalities include large, global companies with substantial financial, manufacturing, sales and marketing and logistics resources that are more diversified than ours, such as GE Healthcare, Bracco, Curium and Jubilant Life Sciences, as well as other competitors, including NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes. We cannot anticipate their actions in the same or competing diagnostic modalities, such as significant price reductions on products that are comparable to our own, development or introduction of new products that are more cost-effective or have superior performance than our current products, the introduction of generic versions when our proprietary products lose their patent protection or the new entry into a generic market in which we are already a participant. In addition, distributors of our products could attempt to shift end-users to competing diagnostic modalities and products. Our current or future products could be rendered obsolete or uneconomical as a result of these activities. Our failure to compete effectively could cause us to lose market share to our competitors and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Risks Related to Reimbursement and Regulation

Certain of our customers are highly dependent on payments from third party payors, including government sponsored programs, particularly Medicare, in the U.S. and other countries in which we operate, and reductions in third party coverage and reimbursement rates for our products (or services provided with our products) could adversely affect our business and results of operations .

A substantial portion of our revenue depends, in part, on the extent to which the costs of our products purchased by our customers (or services provided with our products) are reimbursed by third party payors, including Medicare, Medicaid, other U.S. government sponsored programs, non-U.S. governmental payors and private payors. These third party payors exercise significant control over patient access and increasingly use their enhanced bargaining power to secure discounted rates and impose other requirements that may reduce demand for our products. Our potential customers’ ability to obtain appropriate reimbursement for products and services from these third party payors affects the selection of products they purchase and the prices they are willing to pay. For example, certain radiopharmaceuticals, when used for non-invasive imaging of the perfusion of the heart for the diagnosis and management of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease, are currently subject to a Medicare National Coverage Determination (“NCD”). The NCD permits the coverage of such radiopharmaceuticals only when certain criteria are met. Our PET pipeline products, including flurpiridaz F 18 and LMI 1195, if approved, may become subject to this NCD, and may not be covered at all. If Medicare and other third party payors do not provide appropriate reimbursement for the costs of our products (or services provided using our products), deny the coverage of the products (or those services), or reduce current levels of reimbursement, healthcare professionals may not prescribe our products and providers and suppliers may not purchase our products. In addition, demand for new products may be limited unless we obtain favorable reimbursement policies (including coverage, coding and payment) from governmental and private third party payors at the time of the product’s introduction, which will depend, in part, on our ability to demonstrate that a new agent has a positive impact on clinical outcomes. Third party payors continually review their coverage policies for existing and new products and procedures and can deny coverage for procedures that include the use of our products or revise payment policies such that payments do not adequately cover the cost of our products. Even if third party payors make coverage and reimbursement available, that reimbursement may not be adequate or these payors’ reimbursement policies may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

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Over the past several years, Medicare has implemented numerous changes to payment policies for imaging procedures in both the hospital setting and non-hospital settings (which include physician offices and freestanding imaging facilities). Some of these changes have had a negative impact on utilization of imaging services. Examples of these changes include:


•	Limiting payments for imaging services in physician offices and free-standing imaging facility settings based upon rates paid to hospital outpatient departments;


•	Reducing payments for certain imaging procedures when performed together with other imaging procedures in the same family of procedures on the same patient on the same day in the physician office and free-standing imaging facility setting;


•	Making significant revisions to the methodology for determining the practice expense component of the Medicare payment applicable to the physician office and free-standing imaging facility setting which results in a reduction in payment;


•	Revising payment policies and reducing payment amounts for imaging procedures performed in the hospital outpatient setting; and


•	Reducing prospective payment levels for applicable diagnosis-related groups in the hospital inpatient setting.

In the physician office and free-standing imaging facility setting, services provided using our products are reimbursed under the Medicare physician fee schedule. Since 2015, payments under the Medicare physician fee schedule have been subject to specific annual updates: a 0.5% update through 2018; a 0.25% update in 2019; no updates from 2020 to 2025; and, beginning in 2026, differential updates based on whether the physician participates in advanced alternative payment models (with 0.75% updates for qualifying participants and 0.25% updates for non-participants) (which may be subject to budget neutrality adjustments). Fee schedule payments, beginning in 2019, are adjusted for certain physicians based on their performance under a consolidated measurement system (that measures performance with respect to quality, resource utilization, meaningful use of certified electronic health records technology, and clinical practice improvement activities). Also beginning in 2019 and through payment year 2024, physicians may be eligible for a bonus based on the use of certain alternative payment models designated as “advanced” by CMS. The ongoing and future impact of these changes cannot be determined at this time.

We believe that Medicare changes to payment policies for imaging procedures applicable to non-hospital settings will continue to result in certain physician practices ceasing to provide these services and a further shifting of where certain medical imaging procedures are performed, from the physician office and free-standing imaging facility settings to the hospital outpatient setting. Changes applicable to Medicare payment in the hospital outpatient setting could also influence the decisions by hospital outpatient physicians to perform procedures that involve our products. Within the hospital outpatient setting, CMS payment policy is such that the use of many of our products are not separately payable by Medicare, although certain new drug products are eligible for separate (incremental) payment for the first three years after approval. Since 2013, although Medicare generally does not provide separate payment to hospitals for the use of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals administered in an outpatient setting, CMS has had a policy to make a nominal additional payment ($10) to hospitals that utilize products with non-HEU, meaning the product is 95% derived from non-HEU sources. This payment policy continues in 2019. Although some of our TechneLite generators are manufactured using non-HEU, not all of our TechneLite generators currently meet CMS’s definition of non-HEU, and therefore this payment is not available for doses produced by the latter category of TechneLite generators used by our customers. Changes to the Medicare hospital outpatient prospective payment system payment rates, including reductions implemented for certain hospital outpatient sites, could influence the decisions by hospital outpatient physicians to perform procedures that involve our products.

We also believe that all these changes and their resulting pressures may incrementally reduce the overall number of diagnostic medical imaging procedures performed. These changes overall could slow the acceptance and introduction of next-generation imaging equipment into the marketplace, which, in turn, could adversely impact the future market adoption of certain of our imaging agents already in the market or currently in development. We expect that there will continue to be proposals to reduce or limit Medicare and Medicaid payment for diagnostic services.

We also expect increased regulation and oversight of advanced diagnostic testing in which our products are used. Federal legislation requires CMS to develop appropriate use criteria (“AUC”) that professionals must consult when ordering advanced diagnostic imaging services (which include MRI, CT, nuclear medicine (including PET) and other advanced diagnostic imaging services that the Secretary of HHS, may specify). Beginning in 2020, the ordering professional will be required to consult a qualified clinical decision support mechanism, as identified by HHS, as to whether the ordered service adheres to the applicable AUC. Reimbursement penalties will apply in 2021 if this requirement is not met (and documented on the claim). To the extent that these types of changes have the effect of reducing the aggregate number of diagnostic medical imaging procedures performed in the U.S., our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows would be adversely affected. See Part I, Item I. “Business—Regulatory Matters.”

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Reforms to the U.S. healthcare system may adversely affect our business .

A significant portion of our patient volume is derived from U.S. government healthcare programs, principally Medicare, which are highly regulated and subject to frequent and substantial changes. The Healthcare Reform Act substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. The law contains a number of provisions that affect coverage and reimbursement of drug products and medical imaging procedures in which our drug products are used and/or that could potentially reduce the aggregate number of diagnostic medical imaging procedures performed in the U.S. See Part I, Item 1. “Business—Regulatory Matters—Healthcare Reform and Other Laws Affecting Payment.” Subsequently, the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 significantly revised the methodology for updating the Medicare physician fee schedule. And more recently, Congress enacted legislation in 2017 that eliminates the Healthcare Reform Act’s “individual mandate” beginning in 2019, which may significantly impact the number of covered lives participating in exchange plans. Congress continues to consider other healthcare reform legislation. There is no assurance that the Healthcare Reform Act, as currently enacted or as amended in the future, will not adversely affect our business and financial results, and we cannot predict how future federal or state legislative, judicial or administrative changes relating to healthcare reform will affect our business.

In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Healthcare Reform Act was enacted. The Budget Control Act of 2011 and subsequent Congressional actions includes provisions to reduce the federal deficit. These provisions have resulted in the imposition of 2% reductions in Medicare payments to providers, which went into effect on April 1, 2013 and will remain in effect through 2027. Any significant spending reductions affecting Medicare, Medicaid or other publicly funded or subsidized health programs that may be implemented and/or any significant taxes or fees that may be imposed on us, as part of any broader deficit reduction effort or legislative replacement to the Budget Control Act, could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Further, changes in payor mix and reimbursement by private third party payors may also affect our business. Rates paid by some private third party payors are based, in part, on established physician, clinic and hospital charges and are generally higher than Medicare payment rates. Reductions in the amount of reimbursement paid for diagnostic medical imaging procedures and changes in the mix of our patients between non-governmental payors and government sponsored healthcare programs and among different types of non-government payor sources, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The full impact on our business of healthcare reforms and other new laws, or changes in existing laws, is uncertain. Nor is it clear whether additional legislative changes will be adopted or how those changes would affect our industry in general or our ability to successfully commercialize our products or develop new products.

Our business and industry are subject to complex and costly regulations. If government regulations are interpreted or enforced in a manner adverse to us or our business, we may be subject to enforcement actions, penalties, exclusion and other material limitations on our operations .

Both before and after the approval of our products and agents in development, we, our products, development agents, operations, facilities, suppliers, distributors, contract manufacturers, contract research organizations and contract testing laboratories are subject to extensive and, in certain circumstances, expanding regulation by federal, state and local government agencies in the U.S. as well as non-U.S. and transnational laws and regulations, with regulations differing from country to country, including, among other things, anti-trust and competition laws and regulations and the recently enacted General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union (the “EU”). In the U.S., the FDA regulates, among other things, the pre-clinical testing, clinical trials, manufacturing, safety, efficacy, potency, labeling, storage, record keeping, quality systems, advertising, promotion, sale, distribution, and import and export of drug products. We are required to register our business for permits and/or licenses with, and comply with the stringent requirements of the FDA, the NRC, the HHS, Health Canada, the EMA, the MHRA, the CFDA, state and provincial boards of pharmacy, state and provincial health departments and other federal, state and provincial agencies.

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Under U.S. law, for example, we are required to report certain adverse events and production problems, if any, to the FDA. We also have similar adverse event and production reporting obligations outside of the U.S., including to the EMA and MHRA. Additionally, we must comply with requirements concerning advertising and promotion for our products, including the prohibition on the promotion of our products for indications that have not been approved by the FDA or a so-called “off-label use” or promotion that is inconsistent with the approved labeling. If the FDA determines that our promotional materials constitute unlawful promotion, it could request that we modify our promotional materials or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions. Also, quality control and manufacturing procedures at our own facility and at third party suppliers must conform to cGMP regulations and other applicable law after approval, and the FDA periodically inspects manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMPs and other applicable law, and, from time to time, makes those cGMPs more stringent. Accordingly, we and others with whom we work must expend time, money, and effort in all areas of regulatory compliance, including manufacturing, production and quality control. If in the future issues arise at a third party manufacturer, the FDA could take regulatory action which could limit or suspend the ability of that third party to manufacture our products or have any additional products approved at the relevant facility for manufacture until the issues are resolved and remediated. Such a limitation or suspension could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We are also subject to laws and regulations that govern financial and other arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers and healthcare providers, including federal and state anti-kickback statutes, federal and state false claims laws and regulations and other fraud and abuse laws and regulations. For example, in 2010, we entered into a Medicaid Drug Rebate Agreement with the federal government for some but not all of our products, and in 2016 entered into a separate Medicaid Drug Rebate Agreement for the balance of our products. These agreements require us to report certain price information to the federal government. Determination of the rebate amount that we pay to state Medicaid programs for our products, of prices charged to government and certain private payors for our products, or of amounts paid for our products under government healthcare programs, depends upon information reported by us to the government. If we provide customers or government officials with inaccurate information about the products’ pricing or eligibility for coverage, or the products fail to satisfy coverage requirements, we could be terminated from the rebate program, be excluded from participation in government healthcare programs, or be subject to potential liability under the False Claims Act or other laws and regulations. See Part I, Item 1. “Business—Regulatory Matters—Healthcare Fraud and Abuse Laws.”

Failure to comply with other requirements and restrictions placed upon us or our third party manufacturers or suppliers by laws and regulations can result in fines, civil and criminal penalties, exclusion from federal healthcare programs and debarment. Possible consequences of those actions could include:


•	Substantial modifications to our business practices and operations;


•	Significantly reduced demand for our products (if products become ineligible for reimbursement under federal and state healthcare programs);


•	A total or partial shutdown of production in one or more of the facilities where our products are produced while the alleged violation is being remediated;


•	Delays in or the inability to obtain future pre-market clearances or approvals; and


•	Withdrawals or suspensions of our current products from the market.

Regulations are subject to change as a result of legislative, administrative or judicial action, which may also increase our costs or reduce sales. Violation of any of these regulatory schemes, individually or collectively, could disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our marketing and sales practices may contain risks that could result in significant liability, require us to change our business practices and restrict our operations in the future .

We are subject to numerous domestic (federal, state and local) and foreign laws addressing fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry, including the FCA and Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, self-referral laws, the FCPA, the Bribery Act, FDA promotional restrictions, the federal disclosure (sunshine) law and state marketing and disclosure (sunshine) laws. Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal or civil sanctions, including substantial fines, imprisonment and exclusion from participation in healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid as well as health programs outside the U.S., and even alleged violations can result in the imposition of corporate integrity agreements that could severely restrict or limit our business practices. See Part I, Item 1. “Business-Regulatory Matters-Healthcare Fraud and Abuse Laws and Laws Relating to Foreign Trade.” These laws and regulations are complex and subject to changing interpretation and application, which could restrict our sales or marketing practices. Even minor and inadvertent irregularities could potentially give rise to a charge that the law has been violated. Although we believe we maintain an appropriate compliance program, we cannot be certain that the program will adequately detect or prevent violations and/or the relevant regulatory authorities may disagree with our interpretation. Additionally, if there is a change in law, regulation or administrative or judicial interpretations, we may have to change one or more of our business practices to be in compliance with these laws. Required changes could be costly and time consuming.

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If our operations are found to be in violation of these laws or any other government regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including, without limitation, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, imprisonment, the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, or exclusion from state and federal healthcare programs including Medicare and Medicaid, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

As an Emerging Growth Company (“EGC”) under the JOBS Act, we have not been required to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. When we transition from being an EGC to being a “large accelerated filer,” we will be required to implement the necessary procedures and practices related to internal control over financial reporting, and we may identify deficiencies that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the necessary deadline .

Since our IPO in June 2015, we have been considered an EGC under the JOBS Act and have not been required to evaluate our internal controls over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Section 404 requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and a report by our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of those internal controls, starting with the year we cease being an EGC and become a “large accelerated filer.” That year could be 2019, if our market capitalization is at least $700 million on June 28, 2019, or no later than 2020, five years after our IPO. Once we are no longer an EGC, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis. The rules governing the standards that must be met for our management to assess our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation of our existing controls and the incurrence of significant additional expenditures.

In connection with the implementation of the necessary procedures and practices related to internal control over financial reporting, we may identify deficiencies that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the necessary deadline. In addition, we may encounter problems or delays in completing the implementation of any requested improvements and receiving a favorable attestation in connection with the attestation provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. We will be unable to issue securities in the public markets through the use of a shelf registration statement if we are not in compliance with Section 404. Furthermore, failure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could limit our ability to report our financial results accurately and timely and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Risks Related to Safety

Ultrasound contrast agents may cause side effects which could limit our ability to sell DEFINITY .

DEFINITY is an ultrasound contrast agent based on perflutren lipid microspheres. In 2007, the FDA received reports of deaths and serious cardiopulmonary reactions following the administration of ultrasound micro-bubble contrast agents used in echocardiography. Four of the 11 reported deaths were caused by cardiac arrest occurring either during or within 30 minutes following the administration of the contrast agent; most of the serious but non-fatal reactions also occurred in this time frame. As a result, in October 2007, the FDA requested t hat we and GE Healthcare, which distributes Optison, a competitor to DEFINITY, add a boxed warning to these products emphasizing the risk for serious cardiopulmonary reactions and that the use of these products was contraindicated in certain patients. In a strong reaction by the cardiology community to the FDA’s new position, a letter was sent to the FDA, signed by 161 doctors, stating that the benefit of these ultrasound contrast agents outweighed the risks and urging that the boxed warning be removed. In May 2008, the FDA substantially modified the boxed warning. On May 2, 2011, the FDA held an advisory committee meeting to consider the status of ultrasound micro-bubble contrast agents and the boxed warning. In October 2011, we received FDA approval of further modifications to the DEFINITY label, including: further relaxing the boxed warning; eliminating the sentence in the Indication and Use section “The safety and efficacy of DEFINITY with exercise stress or pharmacologic stress testing have not been established” (previously added in October 2007 in connection with the imposition of the box warning); and including summary data from the post-approval CaRES (Contrast echocardiography Registry for Safety Surveillance) safety registry and the post-approval pulmonary hypertension study. Further, in January 2017, the FDA approved an additional modification to the DEFINITY label, removing the contraindication statement related to use in patients with a known or suspected cardiac shunt. Bracco’s ultrasound contrast agent, Lumason, has substantially similar safety labeling as DEFINITY and Optison. If additional safety issues arise (not only with DEFINITY but also potentially with Optison and Lumason), this may result in unfavorable changes in labeling or result in restrictions on the approval of our product, including removal of the product from the market. Lingering safety concerns about DEFINITY among some healthcare providers or future unanticipated side effects or safety concerns associated with DEFINITY could limit expanded use of DEFINITY and have a material adverse effect on the unit sales of this product and our financial condition and results of operations.

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A heightened public or regulatory focus on the radiation risks of diagnostic imaging could have an adverse effect on our business .

We believe that there has been heightened public and regulatory focus on radiation exposure, including the concern that repeated doses of radiation used in diagnostic imaging procedures pose the potential risk of long-term cell damage, cancer and other diseases. For example, starting in January 2012, CMS required the accreditation of facilities providing the technical component of advanced imaging services, including CT, MRI, PET and nuclear medicine, in non-hospital freestanding settings. In August 2011, The Joint Commission (an independent, not-for-profit organization that accredits and certifies more than 20,500 healthcare organizations and programs in the U.S.) issued an alert on the radiation risks of diagnostic imaging and recommended specific actions for providing “the right test and the right dose through effective processes, safe technology and a culture of safety.” The Joint Commission has revised accreditation standards for diagnostic imaging in recent years, including standards related to dose optimization.

Heightened regulatory focus on risks caused by the radiation exposure received by diagnostic imaging patients could lead to increased regulation of radiopharmaceutical manufacturers or healthcare providers who perform procedures that use our imaging agents, which could make the procedures more costly, reduce the number of providers who perform procedures and/or decrease the demand for our products. In addition, heightened public focus on or fear of radiation exposure could lead to decreased demand for our products by patients or by healthcare providers who order the procedures in which our agents are used. Although we believe that our diagnostic imaging agents when properly used do not expose patients and healthcare providers to unsafe levels of radiation, any of the foregoing risks could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to product liability claims and lawsuits, including potential class actions, alleging that our products have resulted or could result in an unsafe condition or injury .

Any product liability claim brought against us, with or without merit, could be time consuming and costly to defend and could result in an increase of our insurance premiums. Although we have not had any such claims to date, claims that could be brought against us might not be covered by our insurance policies. Furthermore, although we currently have product liability insurance coverage with policy limits that we believe are customary for pharmaceutical companies in the diagnostic medical imaging industry and adequate to provide us with insurance coverage for foreseeable risks, even where the claim is covered by our insurance, our insurance coverage might be inadequate and we would have to pay the amount of any settlement or judgment that is in excess of our policy limits. We may not be able to obtain insurance on terms acceptable to us or at all, since insurance varies in cost and can be difficult to obtain. Our failure to maintain adequate insurance coverage or successfully defend against product liability claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We use hazardous materials in our business and must comply with environmental laws and regulations, which can be expensive .

Our operations use hazardous materials and produce hazardous wastes, including radioactive, chemical and, in certain circumstances, biological materials and wastes. We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations as well as non-U.S. laws and regulations relating to the transport, use, handling, storage, exposure to and disposal of these materials and wastes. Environmental laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have become more stringent over time. We are required to obtain, maintain and renew various environmental permits and nuclear licenses. Although we believe that our safety procedures for transporting, using, handling, storing and disposing of, and limiting exposure to, these materials and wastes comply in all material respects with the standards prescribed by applicable laws and regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury cannot be eliminated. We place a high priority on these safety procedures and seek to limit any inherent risks. We generally contract with third parties for the disposal of wastes generated by our operations. Prior to disposal, we store any low level radioactive waste at our facilities to decay until the materials are no longer considered radioactive. Although we believe we have complied in all material respects with all applicable environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that we have been or will be in compliance with all such laws at all times. If we violate these laws, we could be fined, criminally charged or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. We may be required to incur further costs to comply with current or future environmental and safety laws and regulations. In addition, in the event of accidental contamination or injury from these materials, we could be held liable for any damages that result and any such liability could exceed our resources.

We lease a small portion of our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility to PerkinElmer for the manufacturing, finishing and packaging of certain radioisotopes, including Strontium-90, which has physical characteristics that make it more challenging to work with and dispose of than our own commercial radioisotopes, including a much longer half-life. We are fully indemnified by PerkinElmer under our lease for any property damage or personal injury resulting from their activities in our facility. If any release or excursion of radioactive materials took place from their leased space that resulted in property damage or personal injury, the indemnification obligations were not honored, and we were forced to cover any related remediation, clean-up or other expenses, depending on the magnitude, the cost of such remediation, clean-up or other expenses could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

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While we have budgeted for current and future capital and operating expenditures to maintain compliance with these laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that our costs of complying with current or future environmental, health and safety laws and regulations will not exceed our estimates or adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Further, we cannot assure you that we will not be subject to additional environmental claims for personal injury, investigation or cleanup in the future based on our past, present or future business activities.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our business depends on our ability to successfully introduce new products and adapt to a changing technology and medical practice landscape .

The healthcare industry is characterized by continuous technological development resulting in changing customer preferences and requirements. The success of new product development depends on many factors, including our ability to fund development of new agents, anticipate and satisfy customer needs, obtain regulatory approval on a timely basis based on performance of our agents in development versus their clinical study comparators, develop and manufacture products in a cost-effective and timely manner, maintain advantageous positions with respect to intellectual property and differentiate our products from our competitors. To compete successfully in the marketplace, we must make substantial investments in new product development whether internally or externally through licensing or acquisitions. Our failure to introduce new and innovative products in a timely manner would have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Even if we are able to develop, manufacture and obtain regulatory approvals for our new products, the success of these products would depend upon market acceptance and adequate reimbursement. Levels of market acceptance for our new products could be affected by a number of factors, including:


•	The availability of alternative products from our competitors;


•	The breadth of indications in which alternative products from our competitors can be marketed;


•	The price of our products relative to those of our competitors;


•	The timing of our market entry;


•	Our ability to market and distribute our products effectively;


•	Market acceptance of our products; and


•	Our ability to obtain adequate reimbursement.

The field of diagnostic medical imaging is dynamic, with new products, including hardware, software and agents, continually being developed and existing products continually being refined. Our own diagnostic imaging agents compete not only with other similarly administered imaging agents but also with imaging agents employed in different and often competing diagnostic modalities, and in the case of DEFINITY, echocardiography procedures without contrast. New hardware, software or agents in a given diagnostic modality may be developed that provide benefits superior to the then-dominant hardware, software and agents in that modality, resulting in commercial displacement of the agents. Similarly, changing perceptions about comparative efficacy and safety including, among other things, comparative radiation exposure, as well as changing availability of supply may favor one agent over another or one modality over another. In addition, new or revised appropriate use criteria developed by professional societies, to assist physicians and other health care providers in making appropriate imaging decisions for specific clinical conditions, can and have reduced the frequency of and demand for certain imaging modalities and imaging agents. To the extent there is technological obsolescence in any of our products that we manufacture, resulting in lower unit sales or decreased unit sales prices, we will have increased unit overhead allocable to the remaining market share, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The process of developing new drugs and obtaining regulatory approval is complex, time-consuming and costly, and the outcome is not certain .

We currently have three active clinical development programs in the U.S. - DEFINITY for LVEF, flurpiridaz F 18 and LMI 1195. To obtain regulatory approval for these agents in the indications being pursued, we must conduct extensive human tests, which are referred to as clinical trials, as well as meet other rigorous regulatory requirements, as further described in Part I, Item 1. “Business—Regulatory Matters.” Satisfaction of all regulatory requirements typically takes many years and requires the expenditure of substantial resources. A number of other factors may cause significant delays in the completion of our clinical trials, including unexpected delays in the initiation of clinical sites, slower than projected enrollment, competition with ongoing clinical trials and scheduling conflicts with participating clinicians, regulatory requirements, limits on manufacturing capacity and failure of an agent to meet required standards for administration to humans. In addition, it may take longer than we project to achieve study endpoints and complete data analysis for a trial or we may decide to slow down the enrollment in a trial in order to conserve financial resources.

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Our agents in development are also subject to the risks of failure inherent in drug development and testing. The results of preliminary studies do not necessarily predict clinical success, and larger and later stage clinical trials may not produce the same results as earlier stage trials. Sometimes, agents that have shown promising results in early clinical trials have subsequently suffered significant setbacks in later clinical trials. Agents in later stage clinical trials may fail to show desired safety and efficacy traits, despite having progressed through initial clinical testing. In addition, the data collected from clinical trials of our agents in development may not be sufficient to support regulatory approval, or regulators could interpret the data differently and less favorably than we do. Further, the design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product, and flaws in the design of a clinical trial may not become apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced. Clinical trials of potential products often reveal that it is not practical or feasible to continue development efforts. Regulatory authorities may require us or our partners to conduct additional clinical testing, in which case we would have to expend additional time and resources. The approval process may also be delayed by changes in government regulation, future legislation or administrative action or changes in regulatory policy that occur prior to or during regulatory review. The failure to provide clinical and preclinical data that are adequate to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the regulatory authorities that our agents in development are safe and effective for their proposed use will delay or preclude approval and will prevent us from marketing those products.

We are not permitted to market our agents in development in the U.S. or other countries until we have received requisite regulatory approvals. For example, securing FDA approval for a new drug requires the submission of an NDA to the FDA for our agents in development. The NDA must include extensive nonclinical and clinical data and supporting information to establish the agent’s safety and effectiveness for each indication. The NDA must also include significant information regarding the chemistry, manufacturing and controls for the product. The FDA review process can take many years to complete, and approval is never guaranteed. If a product is approved, the FDA may limit the indications for which the product may be marketed, require extensive warnings on the product labeling, impose restricted distribution programs, require expedited reporting of certain adverse events, or require costly ongoing requirements for post-marketing clinical studies and surveillance or other risk management measures to monitor the safety or efficacy of the agent. Markets outside of the U.S. also have requirements for approval of agents with which we must comply prior to marketing. Obtaining regulatory approval for marketing of an agent in one country does not ensure we will be able to obtain regulatory approval in other countries, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in other countries. Also, any regulatory approval of any of our products or agents in development, once obtained, may be withdrawn. Approvals might not be granted on a timely basis, if at all.

In our flurpiridaz F 18 Phase 3 program, in May 2015, we announced complete results from the 301 trial. Although flurpiridaz F 18 appeared to be well-tolerated from a safety perspective and outperformed SPECT in a highly statistically significant manner in the co-primary endpoint of sensitivity and in the secondary endpoints of image quality and diagnostic certainty, the agent did not meet its other co-primary endpoint of non-inferiority for identifying subjects without disease. In April 2017, we entered into the License Agreement with GE Healthcare for the continued Phase 3 development and worldwide commercialization of flurpiridaz F 18. Under the License Agreement, GE Healthcare will, among other things, complete the worldwide development of flurpiridaz F 18 by conducting a second Phase 3 trial and pursue worldwide regulatory approvals. We cannot assure any particular outcome from GE Healthcare’s continued Phase 3 development of the agent or from regulatory review of either our or their Phase 3 study of the agent, that any of the data generated in either our or their sponsored Phase 3 study will be sufficient to support an NDA approval, that GE Healthcare will only have to conduct the one additional Phase 3 clinical study prior to filing an NDA, or that flurpiridaz F 18 will ever be approved as a PET MPI imaging agent by the FDA. Similarly, we can give no assurance that we will be successful in either of our two internal clinical development programs - DEFINITY for an LVEF indication and LMI 1195 for ischemic heart failure patients risk stratification. See Part I, Item 1. “Business-Regulatory Matters-Food and Drug Laws.” Any failure or significant delay in completing clinical trials for our product candidates or in receiving regulatory approval for the sale of our product candidates may severely harm our business and delay or prevent us from being able to generate revenue from product sales.

Even if our agents in development proceed successfully through clinical trials and receive regulatory approval, there is no guarantee that an approved product can be manufactured in commercial quantities at a reasonable cost or that such a product will be successfully marketed or distributed. The burden associated with the marketing and distribution of products like ours is substantial. For example, rather than being manufactured at our own facilities, both flurpiridaz F 18 and LMI 1195 would require the creation of a complex, field-based network involving PET cyclotrons located at radiopharmacies where the agent would need to be manufactured and distributed rapidly to end-users, given the agent’s 110-minute half-life. In addition, in the case of both flurpiridaz F 18 and LMI 1195, obtaining adequate reimbursement is critical, including not only coverage from Medicare, Medicaid, other government payors as well as private payors but also appropriate payment levels which adequately cover the substantially higher manufacturing and distribution costs associated with a PET agent in comparison to a Technetium-based agent. We can give no assurance even if either flurpiridaz F 18 or LMI 1195 obtains regulatory approval that a network of PET cyclotrons can be established or that adequate reimbursement can be secured to allow the approved agent or agents to become commercially successful.

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Our future growth may depend on our ability to identify and acquire or in-license additional products, businesses or technologies, and if we do not successfully do so, or otherwise fail to integrate any new products, lines of business or technologies into our operations, we may have limited growth opportunities and it could result in significant impairment charges or other adverse financial consequences .

We are continuing to seek to acquire or in-license products, businesses or technologies that we believe are a strategic fit with our business strategy. Future acquisitions or in-licenses, however, may entail numerous operational and financial risks, including:


•	A reduction of our current financial resources;


•	Incurrence of substantial debt or dilutive issuances of securities to pay for acquisitions;


•	Difficulty or inability to secure financing to fund development activities for those acquired or in-licensed technologies;


•	Higher than expected acquisition and integration costs;


•	Disruption of our business, customer base and diversion of our management’s time and attention to develop acquired products or technologies; and


•	Exposure to unknown liabilities.

We may not have sufficient resources to identify and execute the acquisition or in-licensing of third party products, businesses and technologies and integrate them into our current infrastructure. In particular, we may compete with larger pharmaceutical companies and other competitors in our efforts to establish new collaborations and in-licensing opportunities. These competitors likely will have access to greater financial resources than we do and may have greater expertise in identifying and evaluating new opportunities. Furthermore, there may be overlap between our products or customers and the companies which we acquire that may create conflicts in relationships or other commitments detrimental to the integrated businesses. Additionally, the time between our expenditures to acquire or in-license new products, technologies or businesses and the subsequent generation of revenues from those acquired products, technologies or businesses (or the timing of revenue recognition related to licensing agreements and/or strategic collaborations) could cause fluctuations in our financial performance from period to period. Finally, if we devote resources to potential acquisitions or in-licensing opportunities that are never completed, or if we fail to realize the anticipated benefits of those efforts, we could incur significant impairment charges or other adverse financial consequences.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our competitors could develop and market products with features similar to our products, and demand for our products may decline .

Our commercial success will depend in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our commercial products and technologies and agents in development as well as successfully enforcing and defending these patents and trade secrets against third parties and their challenges, both in the U.S. and in foreign countries. We will only be able to protect our intellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties to the extent that we maintain the secrecy of our trade secrets and can enforce our valid patents and trademarks.

The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. In addition, changes in either the patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the U.S. or other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property and we may not receive the same degree of protection in every jurisdiction. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in our patents or in third party patents.

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain because legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep our competitive advantage. For example:


•	We might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications and issued patents, and we could lose our patent rights as a result;


•	We might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions or our patent applications may not have been timely filed, and we could lose our patent rights as a result;


•	Others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies;


•	It is possible that none of our pending patent applications will result in any further issued patents;


•	Our issued patents may not provide a basis for commercially viable drugs, may not provide us with any protection from unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties, and may not provide us with any competitive advantages;


•	Our patent applications or patents may be subject to interferences, oppositions, post-grant review, ex-parte re-examinations, inter-partes review or similar administrative proceedings;

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•	While we generally apply for patents in those countries where we intend to make, have made, use or sell patented products, we may not be able to accurately predict all of the countries where patent protection will ultimately be desirable and may be precluded from doing so at a later date;


•	We may choose not to seek patent protection in certain countries where the actual cost outweighs the perceived benefit at a certain time;


•	Patents issued in foreign jurisdictions may have different scopes of coverage than our U.S. patents and so our products may not receive the same degree of protection in foreign countries as they would in the U.S.;


•	We may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; or


•	The patents of others may have an adverse effect on our business.

Moreover, the issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its validity or enforceability. A third party may challenge the validity or enforceability of a patent even after its issuance by the USPTO or the applicable foreign patent office. It is also uncertain how much protection, if any, will be afforded by our patents if we attempt to enforce them and they are challenged in court or in other proceedings, which may be brought in U.S. or non-U.S. jurisdictions to challenge the validity of a patent.

The initiation, defense and prosecution of intellectual property suits (including Hatch-Waxman related litigation), interferences, oppositions and related legal and administrative proceedings are costly, time consuming to pursue and result in a diversion of resources, including a significant amount of management time. The outcome of these proceedings is uncertain and could significantly harm our business. If we are not able to enforce and defend the patents of our technologies and products, then we will not be able to exclude competitors from marketing products that directly compete with our products, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

For DEFINITY, our fastest growing and highest margin commercial product in 2018, we continue to actively pursue patents in both the U.S. and internationally. In the U.S., we now have an Orange Book-listed method of use patent expiring in March 2037 to augment an Orange Book-listed composition of matter patent expiring in June 2019, and additional manufacturing patents that are not Orange Book-listed expiring in 2021, 2023 and 2037. Outside of the U.S., our DEFINITY patent protection or regulatory exclusivity currently expires in 2019. We were also recently granted a composition of matter patent on the modified formulation of DEFINITY which runs through December 2035. If the modified formulation is approved by the FDA, then this patent would be eligible to be listed in the Orange Book. See Item 1A “Risk Factors - The growth of our business is substantially dependent on our ability to continue to grow the appropriate use of DEFINITY in suboptimal echocardiograms in the face of increased segment competition from other existing echocardiography agents and potential generic competitors as a result of future patent and regulatory exclusivity expirations .”

We will also rely on trade secrets and other know-how and proprietary information to protect our technology, especially where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. We use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, but our employees, consultants, contractors, outside scientific partners and other advisors may unintentionally or willfully disclose our confidential information to competitors or other third parties. Enforcing a claim that a third party improperly obtained and is using our trade secrets is expensive, time consuming and resource intensive, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the U.S. are sometimes less willing to protect trade secrets. Moreover, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how. We rely on confidentiality agreements with our collaborators, employees, consultants and other third parties and invention assignment agreements with our employees to protect our trade secrets and other know-how and proprietary information concerning our business. These confidentiality agreements may not prevent unauthorized disclosure of trade secrets and other know-how and proprietary information, and there can be no guarantee that an employee or an outside party will not make an unauthorized disclosure of our trade secrets, other technical know-how or proprietary information, or that we can detect such an unauthorized disclosure. We may not have adequate remedies for any unauthorized disclosure. This might happen intentionally or inadvertently. It is possible that a competitor will make use of that information, and that our competitive position will be compromised, in spite of any legal action we might take against persons making those unauthorized disclosures, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We rely on our trademarks, trade names and brand names to distinguish our products from the products of our competitors, and have registered or applied to register many of these trademarks, including, among others, DEFINITY, Cardiolite, TechneLite, Neurolite, Quadramet, Luminity and Lantheus Medical Imaging. We cannot assure you that any pending trademark applications will be approved. Third parties may also oppose our trademark applications, or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. If our trademarks are successfully challenged, we could be forced to re-brand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition, and could require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands. Further, we cannot assure you that competitors will not infringe our trademarks, or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks.

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We may be subject to claims that we have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated the patent or other intellectual property rights of a third party. The outcome of any of these claims is uncertain and any unfavorable result could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations .

We may be subject to claims by third parties that we have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated their intellectual property rights. While we believe that the products that we currently manufacture using our proprietary technology do not infringe upon or otherwise violate proprietary rights of other parties or that meritorious defenses would exist with respect to any assertions to the contrary, we cannot assure you that we would not be found to infringe on or otherwise violate the proprietary rights of others.

We may be subject to litigation over infringement claims regarding the products we manufacture or distribute. This type of litigation can be costly and time consuming and could divert management’s attention and resources, generate significant expenses, damage payments (potentially including treble damages) or restrictions or prohibitions on our use of our technology, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, if we are found to be infringing on proprietary rights of others, we may be required to develop non-infringing technology, obtain a license (which may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all), make substantial one-time or ongoing royalty payments, or cease making, using and/or selling the infringing products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We may be adversely affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business and other factors beyond our control .

Our ability to attract and retain customers, invest in and grow our business and meet our financial obligations depends on our operating and financial performance, which, in turn, is subject to numerous factors, including the prevailing economic conditions and financial, business and other factors beyond our control, such as the rate of unemployment, the number of uninsured persons in the U.S. and inflationary pressures. We cannot anticipate all the ways in which the current or future economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business. We are exposed to risks associated with reduced profitability and the potential financial instability of our customers, many of which may be adversely affected by volatile conditions in the financial markets. For example, unemployment and underemployment, and the resultant loss of insurance, may decrease the demand for healthcare services and pharmaceuticals. If fewer patients are seeking medical care because they do not have insurance coverage, our customers may experience reductions in revenues, profitability and/or cash flow that could lead them to modify, delay or cancel orders for our products. If customers are not successful in generating sufficient revenue or are precluded from securing financing, they may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of, accounts receivable that are owed to us. This, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition and liquidity. To the extent prevailing economic conditions result in fewer procedures being performed, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Our business is subject to international economic, political and other risks that could negatively affect our results of operations or financial position .

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we derived approximately 16% , 13% and 15% of our revenues from outside the fifty United States, respectively. Accordingly, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally, including:


•	Less stable political and economic environments and changes in a specific country’s or region’s political or economic conditions, including the potential for an unnegotiated exit by the United Kingdom from the EU;


•	Entering into, renewing or enforcing commercial agreements with international governments or provincial authorities or entities directly or indirectly owned or controlled by such governments or authorities, such as our Belgian, Australian and South African isotope suppliers, IRE, ANSTO and NTP, and our Chinese development and commercialization partner, Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Company;


•	International customers which are agencies or institutions owned or controlled by foreign governments;


•	Local business practices which may be in conflict with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and U.K. Bribery Act;


•	Currency fluctuations;


•	Unfavorable labor regulations;


•	Greater difficulties in relying on non-U.S. courts to enforce either local or U.S. laws, particularly with respect to intellectual property;


•	Greater potential for intellectual property piracy;


•	Greater difficulties in managing and staffing non-U.S. operations;

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•	The need to ensure compliance with the numerous in-country and international regulatory and legal requirements applicable to our business in each of these jurisdictions and to maintain an effective compliance program to ensure compliance with these requirements, including in connection with the recently enacted GDPR in the EU;


•	Changes in public attitudes about the perceived safety of nuclear facilities;


•	Changes in trade policies, regulatory requirements and other barriers;


•	Civil unrest or other catastrophic events; and


•	Longer payment cycles of non-U.S. customers and difficulty collecting receivables in non-U.S. jurisdictions.

These factors are beyond our control. The realization of any of these or other risks associated with operating outside the fifty United States could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. As our international exposure increases and as we execute our strategy of international expansion, these risks may intensify.

We face currency and other risks associated with international sales .

We generate revenue from export sales, as well as from operations conducted outside the fifty United States. During the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , the net impact of foreign currency changes on transactions was a loss of $0.6 million , a gain of $0.3 million and a loss of $0.9 million , respectively. Operations outside the U.S. expose us to risks including fluctuations in currency values, trade restrictions, tariff and trade regulations, U.S. export controls, U.S. and non‑U.S. tax laws, shipping delays and economic and political instability. For example, violations of U.S. export controls, including those administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, could result in fines, other civil or criminal penalties and the suspension or loss of export privileges which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial conditions and cash flows.

With the exception of our United Kingdom subsidiary, the functional currencies of our International Segment subsidiaries are the respective local currencies of each entity. Exchange rates between some of these currencies and the U.S. Dollar have fluctuated significantly in recent years and may do so in the future. Historically, we have not used derivative financial instruments or other financial instruments to hedge against economic exposures related to foreign currencies. However, in the future, we may choose to do so.

Many of our customer relationships outside of the U.S. are, either directly or indirectly, with governmental entities, and we could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws outside the U.S .

The FCPA, the Bribery Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.

The FCPA prohibits us from providing anything of value to foreign officials for the purposes of obtaining or retaining business or securing any improper business advantage. It also requires us to keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect our transactions. Because of the predominance of government-sponsored healthcare systems around the world, many of our customer relationships outside of the U.S. are, either directly or indirectly, with governmental entities and are therefore subject to the FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions. In addition, the provisions of the Bribery Act extend beyond bribery of foreign public officials and are more onerous than the FCPA in a number of other respects, including jurisdiction, non-exemption of facilitation payments and penalties.

Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. We operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree, and in certain circumstances strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Despite our training and compliance programs, our internal control policies and procedures may not always protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents. Violations of these laws, or allegations of those violations, could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

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Our business depends on the continued effectiveness and availability of our information technology infrastructure, and failures of this infrastructure could harm our operations .

To remain competitive in our industry, we must employ information technologies to support manufacturing processes, quality processes, distribution, R&D and regulatory applications and that capture, manage and analyze large streams of data in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. We rely extensively on technology, some of which is managed by third-party service providers, to allow the concurrent conduct of work sharing around the world. As with all information technology, our equipment and infrastructure age and become subject to increasing maintenance and repair and our systems generally are vulnerable to potential damage or interruptions from fires, natural disasters, power outages, blackouts, machinery breakdown, telecommunications failures and other unexpected events, as well as to break-ins, sabotage, increasingly sophisticated intentional acts of vandalism or cybersecurity threats which, due to the nature of such attacks, may remain undetected for a period of time. As these threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to enhance our information security measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. Given the extensive reliance of our business on technology, any substantial disruption or resulting loss of data that is not avoided or corrected by our backup measures could harm our business, reputation, operations and financial condition.

A disruption in our computer networks, including those related to cybersecurity, could adversely affect our operations or financial position .

We rely on our computer networks and systems, some of which are managed by third parties, to manage and store electronic information (including sensitive data such as confidential business information and personally identifiable data relating to employees), and to manage or support a variety of critical business processes and activities. We may face threats to our networks from unauthorized access, security breaches and other system disruptions. Despite our security measures, our infrastructure may be vulnerable to external or internal attacks. Any such security breach may compromise information stored on our networks and may result in significant data losses or theft of sensitive or proprietary information. A cybersecurity breach could hurt our reputation by adversely affecting the perception of customers and potential customers of the security of their orders and personal information, as well as the perception of our manufacturing partners of the security of their proprietary information. In addition, a cybersecurity attack could result in other negative consequences, including disruption of our internal operations, increased cybersecurity protection costs, lost revenue, regulatory actions or litigation. Any disruption of internal operations could also have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. To date, we have not experienced any material cybersecurity attacks.

We may be limited in our ability to utilize, or may not be able to utilize, net operating loss carryforwards to reduce our future tax liability .

As of December 31, 2018, we had federal income tax loss carryforwards of $207.2 million , which will begin to expire in 2032 and will completely expire in 2037 . We may be limited in our ability to use these tax loss carryforwards to reduce our future U.S. federal income tax liabilities if we were to experience another “ownership change” as specified in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code including if we were to issue a certain amount of equity securities, certain of our stockholders were to sell shares of our common stock, or we were to enter into certain strategic transactions.

We may not be able to hire or retain the number of qualified personnel, particularly scientific, medical and sales personnel, required for our business, which would harm the development and sales of our products and limit our ability to grow .

Competition in our industry for highly skilled scientific, healthcare and sales personnel is intense. Although we have not had any material difficulty in the past in hiring or retaining qualified personnel, if we are unable to retain our existing personnel, or attract and train additional qualified personnel, either because of competition in our industry for these personnel or because of insufficient financial resources, then our growth may be limited and it could have a material adverse effect on our business.

If we lose the services of our key personnel, our business could be adversely affected .

Our success is substantially dependent upon the performance, contributions and expertise of our chief executive officer, executive leadership and senior management team. Mary Anne Heino, our Chief Executive Officer and President, and other members of our executive leadership and senior management team play a significant role in generating new business and retaining existing customers. We have an employment agreement with Ms. Heino and a limited number of other individuals on our executive leadership team, although we cannot prevent them from terminating their employment with us. We do not maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our executive officers. While we have experienced both voluntary and involuntary turnover on our executive leadership team, to date we have been able to attract new, qualified individuals to lead our company and key functional areas. Our inability to retain our existing executive leadership and senior management team, maintain an appropriate internal succession program or attract and retain additional qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Risks Related to Our Capital Structure

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We have a substantial amount of indebtedness which may limit our financial and operating activities and may adversely affect our ability to incur additional debt to fund future needs .

As of December 31, 2018 , we had approximately $270.2 million of total principal indebtedness remaining under our five‑year secured term loan facility, which matures on June 30, 2022 (the “2017 Term Facility”) and availability under our Revolving Facility (the “2017 Revolving Facility” and, together with the 2017 Term Facility, the “2017 Facility”) of $75.0 million . Our substantial indebtedness and any future indebtedness we incur could:


•	Require us to dedicate a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to the payment of interest on and principal of our indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available for other purposes;


•	Make it more difficult for us to satisfy and comply with our obligations with respect to our outstanding indebtedness, namely the payment of interest and principal;


•	Make it more difficult to refinance the outstanding indebtedness;


•	Subject us to increased sensitivity to interest rate increases;


•	Make us more vulnerable to economic downturns, adverse industry or company conditions or catastrophic external events;


•	Limit our ability to withstand competitive pressures;


•	Reduce our flexibility in planning for or responding to changing business, industry and economic conditions; and


•	Place us at a competitive disadvantage to competitors that have relatively less debt than we have.

In addition, our substantial level of indebtedness could limit our ability to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms, or at all, for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. Our liquidity needs could vary significantly and may be affected by general economic conditions, industry trends, performance and many other factors not within our control.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service obligations .

Our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to make scheduled payments on our debt obligations will depend on our future financial performance, which will be affected by a range of economic, competitive and business factors, many of which are outside of our control. If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to satisfy our debt obligations, including interest and principal payments, our credit ratings could be downgraded, and we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as refinancing or restructuring our debt, selling assets, entering into additional corporate collaborations or licensing arrangements for one or more of our products or agents in development, reducing or delaying capital investments or seeking to raise additional capital. We cannot assure you that any refinancing would be possible, that any assets could be sold, licensed or partnered, or, if sold, licensed or partnered, of the timing of the transactions and the amount of proceeds realized from those transactions, that additional financing could be obtained on acceptable terms, if at all, or that additional financing would be permitted under the terms of our various debt instruments then in effect. Furthermore, our ability to refinance would depend upon the condition of the financial and credit markets. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our obligations on commercially reasonable terms or on a timely basis, would have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Despite our substantial indebtedness, we may incur more debt, which could exacerbate the risks described above .

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future subject to the limitations contained in the agreements governing our debt, including the 2017 Facility. Although these agreements restrict us and our restricted subsidiaries from incurring additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to important exceptions and qualifications. For example, we are generally permitted to incur certain indebtedness, including indebtedness arising in the ordinary course of business, indebtedness among restricted subsidiaries and us and indebtedness relating to hedging obligations. See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—External Sources of Liquidity.” If we or our subsidiaries incur additional debt, the risks that we and they now face as a result of our high leverage could intensify. In addition, 2017 Facility will not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness under the agreements.

Our 2017 Facility contains restrictions that will limit our flexibility in operating our business .

Our 2017 Facility contains various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. These covenants limit our and our restricted subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things:


•	Maintain net leverage above certain specified levels;


•	Incur additional debt;


•	Pay dividends or make other distributions;

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•	Redeem stock;


•	Issue stock of subsidiaries;


•	Make certain investments;


•	Create liens;


•	Enter into transactions with affiliates; and


•	Merge, consolidate or transfer all or substantially all of our assets.

A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the 2017 Facility. We may also be unable to take advantage of business opportunities that arise because of the limitations imposed on us by the restrictive covenants under our indebtedness.

U.S. credit markets may impact our ability to obtain financing or increase the cost of future financing, including interest rate fluctuations based on macroeconomic conditions that are beyond our control .

During periods of volatility and disruption in the U.S., European, or global credit markets, obtaining additional or replacement financing may be more difficult and the cost of issuing new debt or replacing our 2017 Facility could be higher than under our current 2017 Facility. Higher cost of new debt may limit our ability to have cash on hand for working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions on terms that are acceptable to us. Additionally, our 2017 Facility has variable interest rates. By its nature, a variable interest rate will move up or down based on changes in the economy and other factors, all of which are beyond our control. If interest rates increase, our interest expense could increase, affecting earnings and reducing cash flows available for working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions.

Our stock price could fluctuate significantly, which could cause the value of your investment to decline, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above your purchase price .

Securities markets worldwide have experienced, and may continue to experience, significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions, could reduce the market price of our common stock regardless of our operating performance. The trading price of our common stock is likely to be volatile and subject to wide price fluctuations in response to various factors, including:


•	Market conditions in the broader stock market;


•	Actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial and operating results;


•	Issuance of new or changed securities analysts’ reports or recommendations;


•	Investor perceptions of us and the medical technology and pharmaceutical industries;


•	Sales, or anticipated sales, of large blocks of our stock;


•	Acquisitions or introductions of new products or services by us or our competitors;


•	Additions or departures of key personnel;


•	Regulatory or political developments;


•	Loss of intellectual property protections;


•	Litigation and governmental investigations; and


•	Changing economic conditions.

These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have sometimes instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of our stockholders brought a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management from our business, which could significantly harm our profitability and reputation.

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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our stock or if our results of operations do not meet their expectations, our stock price and trading volume could decline .

The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. Moreover, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock, or if our results of operations do not meet their expectations, our stock price could also decline.

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future .

We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, for the foreseeable future, to repay indebtedness and to fund the development and growth of our business. We do not intend to pay any dividends to holders of our common stock and the agreements governing our senior secured credit facilities limit our ability to pay dividends. As a result, capital appreciation in the price of our common stock, if any, will be your only source of gain on an investment in our common stock. See Part II, Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities—Dividend Policy”.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

The following table summarizes information regarding our significant leased and owned properties, as of December 31, 2018 :



Location	Purpose	Segment	Square Footage	Ownership	Lease Term End
U.S.
North Billerica, Massachusetts	Corporate Headquarters, Manufacturing, Laboratory, Mixed Use and Other Office Space	U.S. Segment	431,000	Owned	N/A
Canada
Quebec	Mixed Use and Office Space	International Segment	1,106	Leased	April 2019
Quebec	Distribution Center and Office Space	International Segment	1,433	Leased	May 2019
Puerto Rico
San Juan	Manufacturing, Laboratory, Mixed Use and Office Space	International Segment	9,550	Leased	October 2024

We believe all of these facilities are well-maintained and suitable for the office, radiopharmacy, manufacturing or warehouse operations conducted in them and provide adequate capacity for current and foreseeable future needs.

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Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. In addition, we have in the past been, and may in the future be, subject to investigations by governmental and regulatory authorities which expose us to greater risks associated with litigation, regulatory or other proceedings, as a result of which we could be required to pay significant fines or penalties. The costs and outcome of litigation, regulatory or other proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, and some lawsuits, claims, actions or proceedings may be disposed of unfavorably to us. In addition, intellectual property disputes often have a risk of injunctive relief which, if imposed against us, could materially and adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

We are currently in arbitration with Pharmalucence in connection with a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement dated November 12, 2013, under which Pharmalucence agreed to manufacture and supply DEFINITY for us. The commercial arrangement contemplated by that agreement was repeatedly delayed and ultimately never successfully realized. After extended settlement discussions between Sun Pharma, the ultimate parent of Pharmalucence, and us, which did not lead to a mutually acceptable outcome, on November 10, 2017, we filed an arbitration demand (and later an amended arbitration demand) with the American Arbitration Association against Pharmalucence, alleging breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, tortious misrepresentation and violation of the Massachusetts Consumer Protection Law, also known as Chapter 93A. We are seeking monetary damages but cannot predict the outcome of this dispute resolution proceeding and whether we will be able to obtain any financial recovery as a result of this proceeding.

As of December 31, 2018 , except as disclosed above we had no material ongoing litigation in which we were a party. In addition, we had no material ongoing regulatory or other proceeding and no knowledge of any investigations by governmental or regulatory authorities in which we are a target, in either case that we believe could have a material and adverse effect on our current business.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

The Company’s common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “LNTH” on June 25, 2015. Prior to that time, there was no established public trading market for our common stock.

Holders of Record

On February 15, 2019 , there were approximately 11 stockholders of record of our common stock. This number does not include stockholders for whom shares are held in “nominee” or “street” name.

Performance Graph

The performance graph set forth below shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC. This graph will not be deemed “incorporated by reference” into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether such filing occurs before or after the date hereof, except to the extent that the Company explicitly incorporates it by reference into in such filing.

The following graph provides a comparison of the cumulative total shareholder return on our common shares with that of the cumulative total shareholder return on the (i) Russell 2000 Index and (ii) the NASDAQ US Small Cap Index, commencing on June 25, 2015 and ending December 31, 2018 . The graph assumes a hypothetical $100 investment in our common stock and in each of the comparative indices on June 25, 2015. Our historic share price performance is not necessarily indicative of future share price performance.

________________________________

* Assumes hypothetical investment of $100 in our common stock and each of the indices on June 25, 2015, the date of our IPO, including reinvestment of dividends.

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Performance Graph Data

The following table sets forth the cumulative total shareholder return on the hypothetical $100 investment in the Company’s common stock and each of the comparative indices on June 25, 2015:



Date	Lantheus Holdings, Inc. (“LNTH”)		Russell 2000 Index (“^RUT”)		NASDAQ US Small Cap Index (“^NQUSS”)
06/25/15	$	100.00	$	100.00	$	100.00
12/31/15	$	49.93	$	88.26	$	88.24
12/31/16	$	127.03	$	105.45	$	107.67
12/31/17	$	302.07	$	119.31	$	122.28
12/31/18	$	231.17	$	104.79	$	107.62

Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities

None.

Dividend Policy

We did not declare or pay any dividends and we do not currently intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently expect to retain future earnings, if any, for the foreseeable future, to finance the growth and development of our business and to repay indebtedness. Our ability to pay dividends is restricted by our financing arrangements. See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—External Sources of Liquidity” for further information.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Repurchases

The following table presents information with respect to purchases of common stock we made during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 . The Company does not currently have a share repurchase program in effect. The 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, adopted by the Company on June 24, 2015, as amended on April 26, 2016 and as further amended on April 27, 2017, provides for the withholding of shares to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations. It does not specify a maximum number of shares that can be withheld for this purpose. The shares of common stock withheld to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations may be deemed to be “issuer purchases” of shares that are required to be disclosed pursuant to this Item 5. Starting in 2019, we will require certain senior executives to cover tax liabilities resulting from the vesting of their equity awards pursuant to sell-to-cover transactions under 10b5-1 plans.



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
October 2018 **	737	$	13.27	*	*
November 2018 **	439	$	17.65	*	*
December 2018 **	236	$	16.28	*	*
Total	1,412			*

________________________________

* These amounts are not applicable as the Company does not have a share repurchase program in effect.

** Reflects shares withheld to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding amounts due from employees related to the receipt of stock which resulted from the exercise for vesting of equity awards.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensations Plans

The information required with respect to this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the close of our year ended December 31, 2018 .

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Basis of Financial Information

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in U.S. Dollars, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Lantheus Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Selected Financial Data

In the table below, we provide you with our selected consolidated financial data for the periods presented. We have prepared this information using our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 .

The following selected consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the related notes and Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results indicated below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016			2015			2014
Statements of Operations	(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues	$	343,374		$	331,378		$	301,853		$	293,461		$	301,600
Cost of goods sold	168,489			169,243			164,073			157,939			176,081
Sales and marketing	43,159			42,315			36,542			34,740			35,116
General and administrative	50,167			49,842			38,832			43,894			37,313
Research and development	17,071			18,125			12,203			14,358			13,673
Gain on sales of assets	—			—			6,385			—			—
Operating income	64,488			51,853			56,588			42,530			39,417
Interest expense	17,405			18,410			26,618			38,715			42,288
Debt retirement costs	—			—			1,896			—			—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			2,442			—			15,528			—
Other income (expense)	(2,465		)	(8,638		)	(220		)	65			(505		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	49,548			39,639			28,294			(11,778		)	(2,366		)
Income tax expense (benefit) ^(a)	9,030			(83,746		)	1,532			2,968			1,195
Net income (loss)	$	40,518		$	123,385		$	26,762		$	(14,746	)	$	(3,561	)
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	1.06		$	3.31		$	0.84		$	(0.60	)	$	(0.20	)
Diluted	$	1.03		$	3.17		$	0.82		$	(0.60	)	$	(0.20	)
Weighted-average common shares:
Basic	38,233			37,276			32,044			24,440			18,081
Diluted	39,501			38,892			32,656			24,440			18,081

_______________________________


(a)	The 2017 amount reflects the release of our valuation allowance of $141.1 million against its deferred tax assets offset by a provision of $45.1 million for remeasuring the Company’s deferred tax assets for the change in tax rates enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016			2015			2014
Statements of Cash Flows Data	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	61,193		$	54,777		$	49,642		$	21,762		$	11,590
Investing activities	$	(19,132	)	$	(16,309	)	$	3,281		$	(13,151	)	$	(7,682	)
Financing activities	$	(4,668	)	$	(13,450	)	$	(30,217	)	$	999		$	(2,297	)
Capital expenditures	$	20,132		$	17,543		$	7,398		$	13,151		$	8,137

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	December 31,
	2018		2017		2016			2015			2014
Balance Sheet Data	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	113,401	$	76,290	$	51,178		$	28,596		$	19,739
Total assets	$	439,831	$	383,858	$	255,898		$	242,379		$	243,153
Long-term debt, net	$	263,709	$	265,393	$	274,460		$	349,858		$	392,863
Total liabilities	$	368,829	$	360,567	$	362,414		$	427,668		$	482,423
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	$	71,002	$	23,291	$	(106,516	)	$	(185,289	)	$	(239,270	)

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with Item 6, “Selected Financial Data” and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements related to future events and our future financial performance that are based on current expectations and subject to risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth in Part I—Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

Our Business

Our commercial products are used by cardiologists, nuclear physicians, radiologists, internal medicine physicians, technologists and sonographers working in a variety of clinical settings. We sell our products to radiopharmacies, integrated delivery networks, hospitals, clinics and group practices.

We sell our products globally and operate our business in two reportable segments, which are further described below:


•	U.S. Segment produces and markets our medical imaging agents and products throughout the U.S. In the U.S., we primarily sell our products to radiopharmacies, integrated delivery networks, hospitals, clinics and group practices.


•	International Segment operations consist of production and distribution activities in Puerto Rico and some direct distribution activities in Canada. Additionally, within our International Segment, we have established and maintain third-party distribution relationships under which our products are marketed and sold in Europe, Canada, Australia, Asia-Pacific and Latin America.

Our Product Portfolio

Our product portfolio includes an ultrasound contrast agent and nuclear imaging products. Our principal products include the following:


•	DEFINITY is a microbubble contrast agent used in ultrasound exams of the heart, also known as echocardiography exams. DEFINITY contains perflutren-containing lipid microspheres and is indicated in the U.S. for use in patients with suboptimal echocardiograms to assist in imaging the left ventricular chamber and left endocardial border of the heart in ultrasound procedures.


•	TechneLite is a Technetium generator that provides the essential nuclear material used by radiopharmacies to radiolabel Cardiolite, Neurolite and other Technetium-based radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine procedures. TechneLite uses Moly as its active ingredient.

Sales of our microbubble contrast agent, DEFINITY, are made in the U.S. and Canada through a DEFINITY direct sales team. In the U.S., our nuclear imaging products, including TechneLite, Xenon, Neurolite and Cardiolite, are primarily distributed through commercial radiopharmacies, the majority of which are controlled by or associated with Cardinal, UPPI, GE Healthcare and JDI. A small portion of our nuclear imaging product sales in the U.S. are made through our direct sales force to hospitals and clinics that maintain their own in-house radiopharmaceutical preparation capabilities. We own one radiopharmacy in Puerto Rico, where we sell our own products as well as products of third-parties to end-users.

We also maintain our own direct sales force in Canada for certain customers so that we can control the importation, marketing, distribution and sale of our imaging agents in Canada in this sales channel. In Europe, Australia, Asia-Pacific and Latin America, we rely on third-party distributors to market, sell and distribute our nuclear imaging and contrast agent products, either on a country-by-country basis or on a multi-country regional basis.

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The following table sets forth our revenues derived from our principal products:



	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2018		% of Revenues		2017		% of Revenues		2016		% of Revenues
DEFINITY	$	183,073	53.3	%	$	157,268	47.5	%	$	131,612	43.6	%
TechneLite	98,858		28.8	%	104,644		31.6	%	99,217		32.9	%
Other*	61,443		17.9	%	69,466		20.9	%	71,024		23.5	%
Total revenues	$	343,374	100.0	%	$	331,378	100.0	%	$	301,853	100.0	%

________________________________

* For 2018, 2017 and 2016 Xenon did not represent 10% or greater of our Revenues.

Key Factors Affecting Our Results

Our business and financial performance have been, and continue to be, affected by the following:

Anticipated Continued Growth of DEFINITY and Expansion of Our Ultrasound Microbubble Franchise

We believe the market opportunity for our ultrasound microbubble contrast agent, DEFINITY, continues to be significant. DEFINITY is our fastest growing and highest margin commercial product. We anticipate DEFINITY sales will continue to grow and that DEFINITY will constitute a greater share of our overall product mix in 2019 as compared to prior years. As we continue to educate the physician and healthcare provider community about the benefits and risks of DEFINITY, we believe we will be able to continue to grow the appropriate use of DEFINITY in suboptimal echocardiograms. In a U.S. market with three echocardiography contrast agents approved by the FDA, we estimate that DEFINITY had over 80% of the market as of December 31, 2018 .

As we continue to pursue expanding our microbubble franchise, our activities include:

•

Hatch-Waxman Act - Even though our longest duration Orange Book-listed patent expires in March 2037, because our Orange Book-listed composition of matter patent expires in June 2019, we may face generic DEFINITY challengers in the near to intermediate term. Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, the FDA can approve ANDAs for generic versions of drugs if the ANDA applicant demonstrates, among other things, that (i) its generic candidate is the same as the innovator product by establishing bioequivalence and providing relevant chemistry, manufacturing and product data, and (ii) the marketing of that generic candidate does not infringe an Orange Book-listed patent. With respect to any Orange Book-listed patent covering the innovator product, the ANDA applicant must give Notice to the innovator that the ANDA applicant certifies that its generic candidate will not infringe the innovator’s Orange Book-listed patent or that the Orange Book-listed patent is invalid. The innovator can then challenge the ANDA applicant in court within 45 days of receiving such Notice, and FDA approval to commercialize the generic candidate will be stayed (that is, delayed) for up to 30 months while the patent dispute between the innovator and the ANDA applicant is resolved in court. The 30 month stay could potentially expire sooner if the courts determine that no infringement occurs or that the challenged Orange Book-listed patent is invalid or the parties otherwise settle their dispute.

•

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increase the addressable market for contrast-enhanced echocardiography. We believe that DEFINITY, as the market leader, would benefit from the expanded addressable market.

•

Modified Formulation - We are developing at SBL a modified formulation of DEFINITY. We believe this modified formulation will provide an enhanced product profile enabling storage as well as shipment at room temperature (DEFINITY’s current formulation requires refrigerated storage), will give clinicians additional choice, and will allow for greater utility of this formulation in broader clinical settings. We were recently granted a composition of matter patent on the modified formulation which runs through December 2035. If the modified formulation is approved by the FDA, then this patent would be eligible to be listed in the Orange Book. We currently believe that, if approved by the FDA, the modified formulation could become commercially available in 2020, although that timing cannot be assured. Given its physical characteristics, the modified formulation may also be better suited for inclusion in kits requiring microbubbles for other indications and applications.


•	New Applications - As we continue to look for other opportunities to expand our microbubble franchise, we are evaluating new indications and applications beyond echocardiography and contrast imaging generally.

•

See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors— The growth of our business is substantially dependent on our ability to continue to grow the appropriate use of DEFINITY in suboptimal echocardiograms in the face of increased segment competition from other existing echocardiography agents and potential generic competitors as a result of future patent and regulatory exclusivity expirations ,” “— If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our competitors could develop and market products with features similar to our products, and demand for our products may decline ,” “— Our dependence upon third parties for the manufacture and supply of a substantial portion of our products could prevent us from delivering our products to our customers in the required quantities, within the required timeframes, or at all, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues ,” and “—Item 1. Business-Our Product Portfolio-DEFINITY and Our Microbubble Franchise Strategy.”

Global Moly Supply

We currently have Moly supply agreements with IRE, running through December 31, 2019, and renewable by us on a year-to-year basis thereafter, and with ANSTO and NTP, running through December 31, 2020. We also have a Xenon supply agreement with IRE which runs through June 30, 2019, also subject to extensions.

We believe we are generally well-positioned with IRE, ANSTO and NTP to have a diverse, global Moly supply, including LEU-based Moly. However, we still face challenges in our Moly supply chain. The NTP processing facility was off-line from late November 2017 until mid-February 2018 and again from early June 2018 through mid-November 2018. During the periods when NTP was not producing, we relied on Moly supply from both IRE and ANSTO to limit the impact of the NTP outage. However, we were unable to fill all of the demand for our TechneLite generators on certain manufacturing days.

To expand its current Moly production capacity, ANSTO has under construction a new Moly processing facility that ANSTO believes will increase its production capacity from approximately 2,000 curies per week to 3,500 curies per week, with commercial production currently planned to start in the first half of 2019. We also have a strategic arrangement with SHINE, a Wisconsin-based company, for the future supply of Moly. Under the terms of that agreement, SHINE will provide us Moly once SHINE’s facility becomes operational and receives all necessary approvals, which SHINE now estimates will occur in 2021.

See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors — The global supply of Moly is fragile and not stable. Our dependence on a limited number of third party suppliers for Moly could prevent us from delivering some of our products to our customers in the required quantities, within the required timeframe, or at all, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues ” and “ — The instability of the global supply of Moly, including supply shortages, has resulted in increases in the cost of Moly, which has negatively affected our margins, and more restrictive agreements with suppliers, which could further increase our costs. ”

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Competition for Xenon

Xenon gas for lung ventilation diagnosis is our third largest product by revenues. In order to increase the predictability of our Xenon business, we have entered into Xenon supply agreements with customers at committed volumes and reduced prices. These steps have resulted in more predictable Xenon unit volumes. Historically, several companies, including Curium, sold packaged Xenon as a pulmonary imaging agent in the U.S., but from 2010 through the first quarter of 2016 (when Curium received regulatory approval from FDA to again sell packaged Xenon in the U.S.) we were the only supplier of this imaging agent in the U.S. Curium sold packaged Xenon in the U.S. during parts of 2016 and again began selling packaged Xenon in the U.S. in May 2018. Depending upon the pricing, extent of availability and market penetration of Curium’s offering, we believe we are at risk for volume loss and price erosion from those customers that are not subject to price or volume commitments with us. In addition to competition from Curium, other imaging agents and modalities could potentially compete with, or displace, packaged Xenon in pulmonary studies. If there is an increase in the use of other imaging agents or modalities in place of packaged Xenon, our current sales volumes would decrease, which could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors— We face revenue and unit volume risk for Xenon in pulmonary studies as a result of competition from Curium and potentially others .”

Inventory Supply

We obtain a substantial portion of our imaging agents from third-party suppliers, JHS is currently our sole source manufacturer of DEFINITY, Neurolite, Cardiolite and evacuation vials, the latter being an ancillary component for our TechneLite generators. We are currently seeking approval from certain foreign regulatory authorities for JHS to manufacture certain of our products. Until we receive these approvals, we will face continued limitations on where we can sell those products outside of the U.S.

In addition to JHS, we are also currently working to secure additional alternative suppliers for our key products as part of our ongoing supply chain diversification strategy. We have ongoing development and technology transfer activities for a modified formulation of DEFINITY with SBL, which is located in South Korea. We currently believe that if approved by the FDA, the modified formulation could be commercially available in 2020, although that timing cannot be assured. As described above, we have also commenced an extensive, multi-year effort to add in-house specialized manufacturing capabilities at our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility. This project is part of a larger strategy to create a competitive advantage in specialized manufacturing, which will also allow us to optimize our costs and reduce our supply chain risk. We can give no assurance as to when or if we will be successful in these efforts or that we will be able to successfully manufacture any additional commercial products at our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility. See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors— Our dependence upon third parties for the manufacture and supply of a substantial portion of our products could prevent us from delivering our products to our customers in the required quantities, within the required timeframes, or at all, which could result in order cancellations and decreased revenues .”

Radiopharmaceuticals are decaying radioisotopes with half-lives ranging from a few hours to several days. These products cannot be kept in inventory because of their limited shelf lives and are subject to just-in-time manufacturing, processing and distribution, which takes place at our North Billerica, Massachusetts facility.

Research and Development Expenses

To remain a leader in the marketplace, we have historically made substantial investments in new product development. As a result, the positive contributions of those internally funded research and development programs have been a key factor in our historical results and success. On April 25, 2017, we announced entering into a definitive, exclusive Collaboration and License Agreement with GE Healthcare f or the continued Phase 3 development and worldwide commercialization of flurpiridaz F 18. As part of our microbubble franchise strategy, for our proposed LVEF indication for DEFINITY, we are currently conducting two well-controlled Phase 3 studies designed to demonstrate improved accuracy of LVEF measurements with DEFINITY-enhanced echocardiography versus unenhanced echocardiography. For LMI 1195, our PET-based molecular imaging agent for the norepinephrine pathway, we are currently working with the FDA to finalize a special protocol assessment, or SPA, in connection with a single Phase 3 clinical trial to demonstrate improved risk stratification of ischemic heart failure patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. We are also exploring the potential use of LMI 1195 for the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of neuroendocrine tumors. Our investments in these additional clinical activities will increase our operating expenses and impact our results of operations and cash flow.

Executive Overview

Our results for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the prior year reflect the following:


•	increased revenues for DEFINITY in the suboptimal echocardiogram segment as a result of our continued focused sales efforts which has also resulted in increased gross profit;


•	decreased revenues for TechneLite in the U.S. segment primarily as a result of a temporary supplier disruption;

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•	increased revenues for TechneLite in the International segment primarily driven by increased volume as a result of temporary incremental demand which has also resulted in increased gross profit;


•	decreased revenues in other revenue due to the recognition of $5.0 million during the prior year from GE Healthcare in exchange for rights to the continued Phase 3 development and worldwide commercialization of flurpiridaz F 18;


•	decreased depreciation expense as a result of the decommissioning of certain long-lived assets during the prior year period;


•	decreases in other income due to a $5.5 million decrease in tax indemnification income as a result of the impact of the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017; and


•	increased tax expense due to the profit generated during the year ended December 31, 2018 and the fact that we no longer record a valuation allowance against our domestic deferred tax assets offset by the release of our valuation allowance against our Canada deferred tax assets.

Results of Operations

The following is a summary of our consolidated results of operations:



	Year Ended December 31,									2018 vs. 2017					2017 vs. 2016
(in thousands)	2018			2017			2016			Change $			Change %		Change $			Change %
Revenues	$	343,374		$	331,378		$	301,853		$	11,996		3.6	%	$	29,525		9.8	%
Cost of goods sold	168,489			169,243			164,073			(754		)	(0.4	)%	5,170			3.2	%
Gross profit	174,885			162,135			137,780			12,750			7.9	%	24,355			17.7	%
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	43,159			42,315			36,542			844			2.0	%	5,773			15.8	%
General and administrative	50,167			49,842			38,832			325			0.7	%	11,010			28.4	%
Research and development	17,071			18,125			12,203			(1,054		)	(5.8	)%	5,922			48.5	%
Total operating expenses	110,397			110,282			87,577			115			0.1	%	22,705			25.9	%
Gain on sales of assets	—			—			6,385			—			—	%	(6,385		)	(100.0	)%
Operating income	64,488			51,853			56,588			12,635			24.4	%	(4,735		)	(8.4	)%
Interest expense	17,405			18,410			26,618			(1,005		)	(5.5	)%	(8,208		)	(30.8	)%
Debt retirement costs	—			—			1,896			—			—	%	(1,896		)	(100.0	)%
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			2,442			—			(2,442		)	(100.0	)%	2,442			100.0	%
Other income	(2,465		)	(8,638		)	(220		)	6,173			(71.5	)%	(8,418		)	3,826.4	%
Income before income taxes	49,548			39,639			28,294			9,909			25.0	%	11,345			40.1	%
Income tax expense (benefit)	9,030			(83,746		)	1,532			92,776			(110.8	)%	(85,278		)	(5,566.4	)%
Net income	$	40,518		$	123,385		$	26,762		$	(82,867	)	(67.2	)%	$	96,623		361.0	%

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Comparison of the Periods Ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016

Revenues

Segment revenues are summarized by product as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,						2018 vs. 2017					2017 vs. 2016
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2016		Change $			Change %		Change $			Change %
U.S.
DEFINITY	$	178,440	$	153,581	$	128,677	$	24,859		16.2	%	$	24,904		19.4	%
TechneLite	74,042		90,489		85,412		(16,447		)	(18.2	)%	5,077			5.9	%
Other	36,098		45,932		43,331		(9,834		)	(21.4	)%	2,601			6.0	%
Total U.S. Revenues	288,580		290,002		257,420		(1,422		)	(0.5	)%	32,582			12.7	%
International
DEFINITY	4,633		3,687		2,935		946			25.7	%	752			25.6	%
TechneLite	24,816		14,155		13,805		10,661			75.3	%	350			2.5	%
Other	25,345		23,534		27,693		1,811			7.7	%	(4,159		)	(15.0	)%
Total International Revenues	54,794		41,376		44,433		13,418			32.4	%	(3,057		)	(6.9	)%
Total Revenues	$	343,374	$	331,378	$	301,853	$	11,996		3.6	%	$	29,525		9.8	%

2018 vs. 2017

The decrease in U.S. segment revenues during the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the prior year is primarily due to a $16.4 million decrease in TechneLite revenues primarily as a result of lower unit volumes due to a temporary supplier disruption and a decrease of approximately $5.0 million in other revenue associated with the License Agreement with GE Healthcare in exchange for rights to the continued Phase 3 development and worldwide commercialization of flurpiridaz F 18 which was recorded in the second quarter of the prior year. In addition, there was a $2.6 million increase in rebate and allowance provisions, $1.6 million decrease in Xenon revenues due to lower volume and $0.6 million decrease in other product revenues due primarily to timing of shipments. Offsetting these decreases was an increase of $24.9 million in DEFINITY revenues as a result of higher unit volumes.

The increase in International segment revenues during the year ended December 31, 2018 , as compared to the prior year is primarily due to a $10.7 million increase in TechneLite revenues primarily driven by increased volume as a result of temporary incremental demand, a $1.8 million increase in other product revenue primarily attributable to higher Thallium volume, recovery of the hurricane impact on our Puerto Rico business in the fourth quarter of the prior year and timing of shipments of other products and a $0.9 million increase in DEFINITY revenues as a result of higher unit volumes.

2017 vs. 2016

The increase in U.S. segment revenues during the year ended December 31, 2017 , as compared to the prior year is primarily due to increases in DEFINITY revenues of $24.9 million and Xenon revenues of $2.3 million as a result of higher unit volumes compared to the prior year. TechneLite revenues increased by $5.1 million as a result of higher unit volumes and unit pricing as compared to the prior year. Additionally, there was an increase of $5.0 million in Other revenues associated with the up-front license fee recognized related to the License Agreement with GE Healthcare for the continued Phase 3 development and worldwide commercialization of flurpiridaz F 18. Offsetting these increases was a $2.8 million decrease in Other revenues driven by rebate and allowance provisions, as well as a $1.6 million decrease in Ablavar revenues as the product is no longer sold.

The decrease in International segment revenues during the year ended December 31, 2017 , as compared to the prior year, is primarily attributable to the sale of the Australian radiopharmacy business during 2016 .

Rebates and Allowances

Estimates for rebates and allowances represent our estimated obligations under contractual arrangements with third parties. Rebate accruals and allowances are recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction to other revenue and the establishment of a liability which is included in accrued expenses. These rebates and allowances result from performance-based offers that are primarily based on attaining contractually specified sales volumes and growth, Medicaid rebate programs for our products, administrative fees of group purchasing organizations, royalties and certain distributor related commissions. The calculation of the accrual for these rebates and allowances is based on an estimate of the third-party’s buying patterns and the resulting applicable contractual rebate or commission rate(s) to be earned over a contractual period.

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An analysis of the amount of, and change in, reserves is summarized as follows:



(in thousands)	Rebates and Allowances
Balance, January 1, 2016	$	2,303
Provision related to current period revenues	7,255
Adjustments relating to prior period revenues	(452		)
Payments or credits made during the period	(6,809		)
Balance, December 31, 2016	2,297
Provision related to current period revenues	9,568
Adjustments relating to prior period revenues	(654		)
Payments or credits made during the period	(8,351		)
Balance, December 31, 2017	2,860
Provision related to current period revenues	13,202
Adjustments relating to prior period revenues	(361		)
Payments or credits made during the period	(11,047		)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	4,654

Gross Profit

Gross profit is summarized by segment as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,						2018 vs. 2017				2017 vs. 2016
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2016		Change $		Change %		Change $			Change %
U.S.	$	161,760	$	154,671	$	128,350	$	7,089	4.6	%	$	26,321		20.5	%
International	13,125		7,464		9,430		5,661		75.8	%	(1,966		)	(20.8	)%
Total Gross profit	$	174,885	$	162,135	$	137,780	$	12,750	7.9	%	$	24,355		17.7	%

2018 vs. 2017

The increase in U.S. segment gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2018 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to higher DEFINITY unit volumes. This was offset by the recognition of approximately $5.0 million in the prior year period in other revenue associated with the License Agreement with GE Healthcare for the continued Phase 3 development and worldwide commercialization of flurpiridaz F 18 without any associated cost of goods sold, lower TechneLite unit volumes due to a temporary supply interruption, lower Xenon unit volumes and an increase in excess and obsolete inventory reserve of other materials .

The increase in International segment gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2018 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to higher TechneLite and other product unit volumes .

2017 vs. 2016

The increase in U.S. segment gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to higher DEFINITY and Xenon unit sales volumes and the recognition of $5.0 million in Other revenues associated with the License Agreement with GE Healthcare for the continued Phase 3 development and worldwide commercialization of flurpiridaz F 18 without any associated cost of goods sold.

The decrease in International segment gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to higher manufacturing and material costs for certain products.

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Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and other related costs for personnel in field sales, marketing, business development and customer service functions. Other costs in sales and marketing expenses include the development and printing of advertising and promotional material, professional services, market research and sales meetings.

Sales and marketing expense is summarized by segment as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,						2018 vs. 2017					2017 vs. 2016
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2016		Change $			Change %		Change $			Change %
U.S.	$	40,579	$	39,471	$	32,919	$	1,108		2.8	%	$	6,552		19.9	%
International	2,580		2,844		3,623		(264		)	(9.3	)%	$	(779	)	(21.5	)%
Total Sales and marketing	$	43,159	$	42,315	$	36,542	$	844		2.0	%	$	5,773		15.8	%

2018 vs. 2017

The increase in U.S. segment sales and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to employee-related expenses.

The decrease in the International segment sales and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to commercialization activities attributable to DEFINITY market expansion.

2017 vs. 2016

The increase in U.S. segment sales and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to employee-related expenses and promotional program expenses.

The decrease in International segment sales and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to lower employee headcount.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of salaries and other related costs for personnel in executive, finance, legal, information technology and human resource functions. Other costs included in general and administrative expenses are professional fees for information technology services, external legal fees, consulting and accounting services as well as bad debt expense, certain facility and insurance costs, including director and officer liability insurance.

General and administrative expense is summarized by segment as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,						2018 vs. 2017					2017 vs. 2016
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2016		Change $			Change %		Change $			Change %
U.S.	$	49,149	$	49,269	$	37,389	$	(120	)	(0.2	)%	$	11,880		31.8	%
International	1,018		573		1,443		445			77.7	%	(870		)	(60.3	)%
Total General and administrative	$	50,167	$	49,842	$	38,832	$	325		0.7	%	$	11,010		28.4	%

2018 vs. 2017

The decrease in U.S. segment general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to the non-recurrence of $2.6 million of debt refinancing costs incurred in the prior year period, lower information technology costs and campus consolidation costs partially offset by higher employee-related expenses, incremental spend associated with business development activities and higher legal costs to maintain and expand our intellectual property portfolio as well as for the on-going Pharmalucence arbitration.

The increase in the International segment general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to increased employee related costs and business development activities.

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2017 vs. 2016

The increase in U.S. segment general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to higher employee-related expenses, $2.6 million of debt refinancing costs, campus consolidation costs, certain contract termination charges to drive cost efficiencies and a $0.9 million land impairment charge.

The decrease in International segment general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to lower employee headcount and related expenses.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses relate primarily to the development of new products to add to our portfolio and costs related to our medical affairs, medical information and regulatory functions. We do not allocate research and development expenses incurred in the U.S. to our International segment.

Research and development expense is summarized by segment as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,						2018 vs. 2017					2017 vs. 2016
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2016		Change $			Change %		Change $		Change %
U.S.	$	15,705	$	16,692	$	11,574	$	(987	)	(5.9	)%	$	5,118	44.2	%
International	1,366		1,433		629		(67		)	(4.7	)%	804		127.8	%
Total Research and development	$	17,071	$	18,125	$	12,203	$	(1,054	)	(5.8	)%	$	5,922	48.5	%

2018 vs. 2017

The decrease in U.S. segment research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to a decrease in depreciation expense resulting from the decommissioning of certain long-lived assets associated with research and development operations offset by higher employee-related expenses and clinical research expenses related to DEFINITY studies.

2017 vs. 2016

The increase in U.S. segment research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to an increase in depreciation expense and other charges resulting from the scheduled decommissioning of certain long-lived assets associated with research and development operations as well as higher employee-related expenses.

The increase in research and development expenses for International segment for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to expenses incurred for a European Phase 4 study for one of our products.

Gain on Sales of Assets

Effective January 7, 2016, our Canadian subsidiary entered into an asset purchase agreement, pursuant to which it would sell substantially all of the assets of our Canadian radiopharmacies and Gludef manufacturing and distribution business to one of our existing Canadian radiopharmacy customers. The purchase price for the asset sale was $9.0 million in cash and also included a working capital adjustment of $0.5 million, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $5.9 million recorded within operating income during the year ended December 31, 2016 .

Effective August 11, 2016, we entered into a share purchase agreement, pursuant to which we sold 100% of the stock of our Australian subsidiary to one of our existing radiopharmacy customers. This sale included the radiopharmacy business as well as all the direct/bulk business. The sale price for the share sale was AUD $2.0 million (approximately $1.5 million) in cash and also included a working capital receivable adjustment of approximately AUD $2.0 million (approximately $1.5 million), resulting in a pre-tax gain of $0.6 million, which was recorded within operating income during the year ended December 31, 2016 .

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 decreased $1.0 million from the prior year as a result of a comparatively lower outstanding principal balance and effective interest rates on our long-term debt during the period as a result of our March 2017 refinancing and November 2017 repricing .

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Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased $8.2 million from the prior year as a result of a comparatively lower outstanding principal balance on our long-term debt throughout the year resulting from voluntary prepayments on our 2015 Term Facility of $55.0 million and $20.0 million in the third and fourth quarters of 2016 and the subsequent refinancing of our 2015 Facility at the end of the first quarter of 2017.

Debt Retirement Costs

For the year ended December 31, 2016 we incurred $1.9 million in debt retirement costs related to the $75.0 million voluntary prepayments of principal on our Term Facility.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we incurred $2.4 million of losses on extinguishment of debt related to the refinancing and subsequent repricing of our long-term debt.

Other Income

Other income decreased $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the prior year due to a $5.5 million decrease in tax indemnification income as a result of the impact of the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 and a decrease of $0.8 million in foreign currency gains driven by unfavorable foreign exchange rates due to a strengthening U.S. dollar.

Other income increased $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the prior year due to an increase of $1.1 million in foreign currency gains driven by favorable foreign exchange rates relative to the prior year and a $7.3 million increase in tax indemnification income as a result of the impact of the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense (benefit) is summarized as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,							2018 vs. 2017				2017 vs. 2016
(in thousands)	2018		2017			2016		Change $		Change %		Change $			Change %
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	9,030	$	(83,746	)	$	1,532	$	92,776	(110.8	)%	$	(85,278	)	< (1,000)%

Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2018 differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% principally due to the impact of U.S. state taxes and the accrual of interest on uncertain tax positions offset by tax benefits arising from the release of the valuation allowance against Canada deferred tax assets, and stock compensation deductions.

The increase in effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2018 was due to the fact that we were maintaining a full valuation allowance on our domestic and most of our foreign net deferred tax assets prior to December 31, 2017, at which time the valuation allowance related to our domestic net deferred tax assets was released, generating a tax benefit of $141.1 million.

The income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to the income generated in the period and the accrual of interest associated with uncertain tax positions, offset by the release of the valuation allowance against our Canada deferred tax assets and tax benefits arising from stock compensation deductions. The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to the release of our valuation allowance against our domestic deferred tax assets, which generated a benefit of $141.1 million, offset by the impact of the U.S. federal tax rate change enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which generated a tax expense of $45.1 million related to the reduced tax-effected value of the ending net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017. The income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily from the accrual of interest on uncertain tax positions.

We regularly assess our ability to realize our deferred tax assets. Assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets requires significant management judgment. In determining whether our deferred tax assets are more-likely-than-not realizable, we evaluate all available positive and negative evidence, and weigh the objective evidence and expected impact. We released the full valuation allowance recorded against our Canada deferred tax assets during the year ended December 31, 2018. We released the full valuation allowance recorded against our domestic deferred tax assets during the year ended December 31, 2017. We continue to record a valuation allowance against certain of our foreign net deferred tax assets.

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Our effective tax rate for each reporting period is presented as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018	2017	2016
Effective tax rate	18.2%	(211.3)%	5.4%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flows

The following table provides information regarding our cash flows:



	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2018			2017			2016
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	61,193		$	54,777		$	49,642
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	$	(19,132	)	$	(16,309	)	$	3,281
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(4,668	)	$	(13,450	)	$	(30,217	)

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities of $61.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2018 was driven primarily by net income of $40.5 million plus $13.9 million of depreciation, amortization and accretion expense, $8.7 million of stock-based compensation expense and changes in deferred taxes of $5.8 million. These net sources of cash were offset by a net decrease of $14.0 million related to movements in our working capital accounts during the period. The overall decreases in cash from our working capital accounts were primarily driven by the strategic inventory build during the period to mitigate sole supplier risk as well as higher accounts receivable due to increased sales.

Net cash provided by operating activities of $54.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 was driven primarily by net income of $123.4 million plus $19.2 million of depreciation, amortization and accretion expense, $5.9 million of stock-based compensation expense, offset by deferred taxes of $86.9 million related to the release of our valuation on our domestic net deferred tax assets during the year. In addition, we had an increase in our tax indemnification receivable of $8.4 million resulting primarily from the impact of recent U.S. federal tax legislation. These net sources of cash were offset by a net decrease of $8.3 million related to movements in our working capital accounts during the period. The overall decreases in cash from our working capital accounts were primarily driven by higher accounts receivable related to increases in revenues to certain major customers and the timing of inventory purchases during the period offset by increases in accrued expenses primarily due to the timing of payments.

Net cash provided by operating activities of $49.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 was driven primarily by net income of $26.8 million plus $18.3 million of depreciation, amortization and accretion expense and $1.9 million of debt retirement costs offset by the gain on sale of assets of $6.4 million. In addition, our increase in cash from working capital during the year ended December 31, 2016, was driven primarily by an increase of $5.7 million in accounts payable due to the timing of payment runs and a $1.3 million increase in accrued expenses primarily due to an increase in accrued bonus, offset by a $3.6 million increase in inventory due to the timing of inventory receipts and a $1.1 million increase in accounts receivable due to increased sales.

Net Cash (Used in) Provided By Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 reflected $20.1 million in capital expenditures offset by the cash proceeds of $1.0 million received from the sale of land.

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2017 is primarily attributable to capital expenditures of $17.5 million offset by the cash proceeds of $1.2 million received from the sale of assets from our Australian radiopharmacy business during the third quarter of 2016.

Net cash provided by investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily due to cash proceeds of $10.6 million received from the sales of our Canadian and Australian radiopharmacy businesses, offset by capital expenditures of $7.4 million.

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Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 reflected payments for minimum statutory tax withholding related to net share settlement of equity awards of $3.4 million, payments on long-term debt of $2.9 million, offset by proceeds of $1.2 million from the exercise of stock options.

Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2017 is primarily attributable to the net cash outflow of $11.9 million in connection with our refinancing of our previous $365 million seven-year term loan agreement with a new five-year $275 million term loan facility.

Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily used to repay $55.0 million of the outstanding principal balance of our $365 million Term Facility with net proceeds of $39.9 million associated with the completion of a follow-on underwritten primary offering, and $15.1 million from cash on hand.

External Sources of Liquidity

In March 2017, we refinanced our 2015 $365 million seven-year term loan facility with a new five-year $275 million term loan facility (the “2017 Term Facility” and the loans thereunder, the “Term Loans”). In addition, we replaced our revolving facility with a new $75 million five-year revolving credit facility (the “2017 Revolving Facility” and, together with the 2017 Term Facility, the “2017 Facility”). The terms of the 2017 Facility are set forth in that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2017 (the “Credit Agreement”), by and among us, the lenders from time to time party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent. The 2017 Term Facility was issued net of a $0.7 million discount. We have the right to request an increase to the 2017 Term Facility or request the establishment of one or more new incremental term loan facilities, in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75.0 million, plus additional amounts, in certain circumstances.

On November 29, 2017, we entered into Amendment No. 1 (the “Repricing Amendment”) to the 2017 Facility to, among other things, (i) reduce the applicable interest rate margins with respect to the LIBOR and Base Rate Term Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and (ii) reduce the applicable interest rate margins with respect to the LIBOR and Base Rate Revolving Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement).

The Term Loans under the 2017 Term Facility bear interest, with pricing based from time to time at our election at (i) LIBOR plus a spread of 3.75% or (ii) the Base Rate plus a spread of 2.75% . Interest is payable (i) with respect to LIBOR Term Loans, at the end of each Interest Period (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and (ii) with respect to Base Rate Term Loans, at the end of each quarter. At December 31, 2018 , our interest rate under the 2017 Term Facility was 6.3% . As of December 31, 2018 , the principal balance outstanding on our 2017 Term Facility was $270.2 million .

We are permitted to voluntarily prepay the Term Loans, in whole or in part. The 2017 Term Facility requires us to make mandatory prepayments of the outstanding Term Loans in certain circumstances. The 2017 Term Facility amortizes at 1.00% per year until its June 30, 2022 maturity date.

Under the terms of the 2017 Revolving Facility, the lenders thereunder agreed to extend credit to us from time to time until March 30, 2022 (the “Revolving Termination Date”) consisting of revolving loans (the “Revolving Loans” and, together with the Term Loans, the “Loans”) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $75 million (the “Revolving Commitment”) at any time outstanding. The 2017 Revolving Facility includes a $20 million sub-facility for the issuance of letters of credit (the “Letters of Credit”). The Letters of Credit and the borrowings under the 2017 Revolving Facility are expected to be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

The Revolving Loans under the 2017 Revolving Facility bear interest, with pricing based from time to time at our election at (i) LIBOR plus a spread of 3.00% or (ii) the Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus a spread of 2.00% . The 2017 Revolving Facility also includes an unused line fee, which is set at 0.38% while our secured leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) is greater than 3.00 to 1.00 and 0.25% when our secured leverage ratio is less than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00.

We are permitted to voluntarily prepay the Revolving Loans, in whole or in part, or reduce or terminate the Revolving Commitment, in each case, without premium or penalty. On any business day on which the total amount of outstanding Revolving Loans and Letters of Credit exceeds the total Revolving Commitment, we must prepay the Revolving Loans in an amount equal to such excess. The 2017 Facility contains a number of affirmative, negative, reporting and financial covenants, in each case subject to certain exceptions and materiality thresholds. The 2017 Facility requires us to be in quarterly compliance, measured on a trailing four quarter basis, with a financial covenant. The maximum consolidated leverage ratio permitted by the financial covenant is displayed in the table below:

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2017 Facility Financial Covenants

Period	Consolidated Leverage Ratio
Q1 2019	4.75 to 1.00
Thereafter	4.50 to 1.00

The 2017 Facility contains usual and customary restrictions on our ability and that of our subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness (ii) create liens; (iii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; (iv) sell certain assets; (v) pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect of capital stock or make other restricted payments; (vi) make certain investments; (vii) repay subordinated indebtedness prior to stated maturity; and (viii) enter into certain transactions with our affiliates.

Upon an event of default, the administrative agent under the Credit Agreement will have the right to declare the Loans and other obligations outstanding immediately due and payable and all commitments immediately terminated or reduced.

The 2017 Facility is guaranteed by Holdings and Lantheus MI Real Estate, LLC, and obligations under the 2017 Facility are generally secured by first priority liens over substantially all of the assets of each of LMI, Holdings and Lantheus MI Real Estate, LLC (subject to customary exclusions set forth in the transaction documents) owned as of March 30, 2017 or thereafter acquired.

Our ability to fund our future capital needs will be affected by our ability to continue to generate cash from operations and may be affected by our ability to access the capital markets, money markets, or other sources of funding, as well as the capacity and terms of our financing arrangements.

We may from time to time repurchase or otherwise retire our debt and take other steps to reduce our debt or otherwise improve our balance sheet. These actions may include prepayments of our term loans or other retirements or refinancing of outstanding debt, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The amount of debt that may be retired, if any, would be decided at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on market conditions, our cash position and other considerations.

Funding Requirements

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:


•	The costs of acquiring or in-licensing new products, businesses or technologies, together with the costs of pursuing opportunities that are not eventually consummated;


•	The pricing environment and the level of product sales of our currently marketed products, particularly DEFINITY and any additional products that we may market in the future;


•	Revenue mix shifts and associated volume and selling price changes that could result from contractual status changes with key customers and additional competition;


•	Our investment in the further clinical development and commercialization of existing products and development candidates;


•	The costs of investing in our facilities, equipment and technology infrastructure;


•	The costs and timing of establishing manufacturing and supply arrangements for commercial supplies of our products and raw materials and components;


•	Our ability to have product manufactured and released from JHS and other manufacturing sites in a timely manner in the future;


•	The costs of further commercialization of our existing products, particularly in international markets, including product marketing, sales and distribution and whether we obtain local partners to help share such commercialization costs;


•	The extent to which we choose to establish collaboration, co-promotion, distribution or other similar arrangements for our marketed products;


•	The legal costs relating to maintaining, expanding and enforcing our intellectual property portfolio, pursuing insurance or other claims and defending against product liability, regulatory compliance or other claims; and


•	The cost of interest on any additional borrowings which we may incur under our financing arrangements.

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Until we successfully become dual sourced for our principal products, we are vulnerable to future supply shortages. Disruption in the financial performance could also occur if we experience significant adverse changes in product or customer mix, broad economic downturns, adverse industry or company conditions or catastrophic external events, including natural disasters and political or military conflict. If we experience one or more of these events in the future, we may be required to implement additional expense reductions, such as a delay or elimination of discretionary spending in all functional areas, as well as scaling back select operating and strategic initiatives.

If our capital resources become insufficient to meet our future capital requirements, we would need to finance our cash needs through public or private equity offerings, assets securitizations, debt financings, sale-leasebacks or other financing or strategic alternatives, to the extent such transactions are permissible under the covenants of our Credit Agreement. Additional equity or debt financing, or other transactions, may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. If any of these transactions require an amendment or waiver under the covenants in our Credit Agreement, which could result in additional expenses associated with obtaining the amendment or waiver, we will seek to obtain such a waiver to remain in compliance with those covenants. However, we cannot be assured that such an amendment or waiver would be granted, or that additional capital will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

At December 31, 2018 , our only current committed external source of funds is our borrowing availability under our 2017 Revolving Facility. We had $113.4 million of cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2018 . Our 2017 Facility contains a number of affirmative, negative, reporting and financial covenants, in each case subject to certain exceptions and materiality thresholds. Incremental borrowings under the 2017 Revolving Facility may affect our ability to comply with the covenants in the 2017 Facility, including the financial covenant restricting consolidated net leverage. Accordingly, we may be limited in utilizing the full amount of our 2017 Revolving Facility as a source of liquidity.

Based on our current operating plans, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, results of operations and availability under our 2017 Revolving Facility will be sufficient to continue to fund our liquidity requirements for the foreseeable future.

Contractual Obligations

Contractual obligations represent future cash commitments and liabilities under agreements with third parties and exclude contingent contractual liabilities for which we cannot reasonably predict future payment, including contingencies related to potential future development, financing, certain suppliers, contingent royalty payments and/or scientific, regulatory, or commercial milestone payments under development agreements. The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 :



	Payments Due by Period
(in thousands)	Total		Less than 1 Year		1 - 3 Years		3 -5 Years		More than 5 Years
Debt obligations (principal)	$	270,187	$	2,750	$	5,500	$	261,937	$	—
Interest on debt obligations ^(a)	57,705		17,101		33,724		6,880		—
Operating lease obligations ^(b)	1,521		391		476		476		178
Purchase obligations ^(c)	1,750		1,750		—		—		—
Capital lease obligations	144		123		21		—		—
Other long-term liabilities ^(d)	—		—		—		—		—
Asset retirement obligations ^(e)	—		—		—		—		—
Total contractual obligations	$	331,307	$	22,115	$	39,721	$	269,293	$	178

________________________________


(a)	Amount relates to the minimum interest under our 2017 Term Facility.


(b)	Operating leases include minimum payments under leases for our facilities and certain equipment.


(c)	Excludes purchase orders for inventory in the normal course of business.

(d)

Our other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet include unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties. As of December 31, 2018 , we had unrecognized tax benefits of $40.2 million , which included interest and penalties, classified as noncurrent liabilities. At this time, we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments in individual years in connection with these tax liabilities; therefore, such amounts are not included in the above contractual obligation table.


(e)	We have excluded asset retirement obligations from the table above due to the uncertainty of the timing of the future cash outflows related to the decommissioning of our radioactive operations. As of December 31, 2018 , the liability, which was approximately $11.6 million , was measured at the present value of the obligation expected to be incurred of approximately $26.9 million .

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are required to provide the NRC and Massachusetts Department of Public Health financial assurance demonstrating our ability to fund the decommissioning of our North Billerica, Massachusetts production facility upon closure, though we do not intend to close the facility. We have provided this financial assurance in the form of a $28.2 million surety bond.

Since inception, we have not engaged in any other off-balance sheet arrangements, including structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.

Effects of Inflation

We do not believe that inflation has had a significant impact on our revenues or results of operations since inception. We expect our cost of product sales and other operating expenses will change in the future in line with periodic inflationary changes in price levels. Because we intend to retain and continue to use our property and equipment, we believe that the incremental inflation related to the replacement costs of those items will not materially affect our operations. However, the rate of inflation affects our expenses, such as those for employee compensation and contract services, which could increase our level of expenses and the rate at which we use our resources. While we generally believe that we will be able to offset the effect of price-level changes by adjusting our product prices and implementing operating efficiencies, any material unfavorable changes in price levels could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Recent Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the accompanying consolidated financial statements located under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding recently issued accounting standards that may have a significant impact on our business.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These financial statements require us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and other financial information. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. In addition, our reported financial condition and results of operations could vary due to a change in the application of a particular accounting standard.

We believe the following represent our critical accounting policies and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

We adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The reported results for 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the reported results for 2017 were prepared under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). For our accounting policy for revenue recognition under ASC 605, refer to Item 8 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheet, results of operations, equity or cash flows as of the adoption date or for the periods presented.

Revenue is measured based on a consideration specified in a contract with a customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when we satisfy our performance obligations by transferring control over products or services to our customers. The amount of revenue we recognize reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five steps: (1) identify the contracts with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy performance obligations.

We derive our revenues through arrangements with customers for product sales as well as licensing and royalty arrangements. We sell our products principally to hospitals and clinics, radiopharmacies, and distributors and we consider customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales or group purchasing organization agreements, to be contracts with our customers. In addition to these arrangements, we also enter into licensing agreements under which we license certain rights to third parties. The terms of these arrangements typically include payment to us of one or more of the following: non-refundable, up-front license fees; development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments; and royalties on net sales of licensed products. We analyze various factors requiring management judgment when applying the five-step model to our contracts with customers.

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Our product revenues are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which represents our sales price less estimates related to reserves which are established for items such as discounts, returns, rebates and allowances that may be provided for in certain contracts with our customers. Judgment is used in determining and updating our reserves on an on-going basis, and where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as our historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the contract. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates.

For our licensing and royalty arrangements, we use judgment in determining the number of performance obligations in a license agreement by assessing whether the license is distinct or should be combined with another performance obligation as well as the nature of the license. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, we develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation identified in a contract. These key assumptions may include market conditions, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, development timelines and probabilities of regulatory success.

Inventory

Inventory includes material, direct labor and related manufacturing overhead, and are stated at the lower of cost or market determined on a first-in, first-out basis. We record inventory when we take title to the product. We assess the recoverability of inventory to determine whether adjustments for impairment are required. Inventory that is in excess of future requirements is written down to its estimated net realizable value-based upon estimates of forecasted demand for our products. The estimates of demand require assumptions to be made of future operating performance and customer demand. If actual demand is less than what has been forecasted by management, additional inventory write downs may be required.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using an asset and liability approach. Income tax expense (benefit) represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax bases of our assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax attributes are expected to be recovered or paid, and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when such changes are enacted.

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”). The Act is significant and has wide-ranging effects. The primary material impact to the Company was on our net U.S. deferred tax assets, which were reduced as a result of the reduction in U.S. corporate tax rates from 35% to 21% for years beginning on or after January 1, 2018. We recorded tax expense of $45.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, to reflect the impact of the Act on our net deferred tax assets carrying value. We have reviewed the guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury concerning the repatriation transition tax. The repatriation transition tax impacted U.S. entities with accumulated yet unrepatriated or 'untaxed' foreign earnings. As of December 31, 2017, we had no accumulated unrepatriated foreign earnings, and therefore were not affected by the new provisions of the Act concerning the repatriation transition tax.

We regularly assess our ability to realize our deferred tax assets, and that assessment requires significant management judgment. In determining whether our deferred tax assets are more-likely-than-not realizable, we evaluate all available positive and negative evidence, and weigh that evidence based on its objective verifiability and expected impact.

During the fourth quarter of 2017, we determined, based on our consideration of the weight of positive and negative evidence, that there was sufficient positive evidence that our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets were more-likely-than-not realizable as of December 31, 2017. Our conclusion was primarily driven by the achievement of a sustained level of profitability, the expectation of sustained future profitability, and mitigating factors related to external supplier and customer risk sufficient to outweigh the available negative evidence. Accordingly, we released the valuation allowance previously recorded against our U.S. net deferred tax assets resulting in an income tax benefit of $141.1 million. We have continued to assess the level of the valuation allowance required and if the weight of negative evidence exists in future periods to again support the recording of a partial or full valuation allowance against our U.S. deferred tax assets, that would likely have a material negative impact on our results of operations in that future period.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, we further determined, based on our consideration of the weight of relevant positive and negative evidence, that there was sufficient positive evidence that our Canada deferred tax assets were more-likely-than-not realizable as of December 31, 2018. Our conclusion was primarily driven by the achievement of a sustained level of profitability and the expectation of sustained future profitability. Accordingly, we released the valuation allowance previously recorded against our Canada net deferred tax assets resulting in an income tax benefit of $4.0 million. We continue to maintain a valuation allowance of $1.0 million on foreign net deferred tax assets generated where there is still an insufficient history of cumulative profitability in the relevant jurisdiction.

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We account for uncertain tax positions using a recognition threshold and measurement analysis method for determining the financial statement impact of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements are recorded as adjustments to income taxes payable or receivable, or adjustments to deferred taxes, or both. We record the related interest and penalties to income tax expense (benefit).

We have a tax indemnification agreement with BMS related to certain contingent tax obligations arising prior to the acquisition of the business from BMS. The contingent tax obligations are recognized as long-term liabilities, and a tax indemnification receivable is recognized within other noncurrent assets. Changes in the tax indemnification asset are recognized within other income in the statements of operations, and changes in the liabilities are recorded within the tax provision. Accordingly, as these reserves change, adjustments are included in the tax provision while the offsetting adjustment is included in other income. Assuming that we continue to consider the receivable from BMS to be fully recoverable, there is no net effect on earnings related to these liabilities and no net cash outflows.

The calculation of our tax liabilities involves certain estimates, assumptions and the application of complex tax regulations in multiple jurisdictions worldwide. Any material change in our estimates or assumptions, or the tax regulations, may have a material impact on our results of operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We do not hold or issue financial instruments to reduce these risks or for trading purposes and have not historically used derivative financial instruments or other financial instruments to hedge these economic exposures.

Interest Rate Risk

Under our 2017 Facility, we have substantial variable rate debt. Fluctuations in interest rates may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. As of December 31, 2018 , we had $270.2 million outstanding principal under our 2017 Term Facility with variable interest rates.

Furthermore, we are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our 2017 Revolving Facility, which is variable rate indebtedness. Interest rate changes could increase the amount of our interest payments and thus negatively impact our future earnings and cash flows. As of December 31, 2018 , there was availability of $75.0 million on the 2017 Revolving Facility. Any increase in the interest rate under the 2017 Revolving Facility may have a negative impact on our future earnings to the extent we have outstanding borrowings under the 2017 Revolving Facility. The effect of a 100 basis points adverse change in market interest rates on our 2017 Term Facility, in excess of applicable minimum floors, on our interest expense would be approximately $2.8 million .

Historically, we have not used derivative financial instruments or other financial instruments to hedge such economic exposures.

Foreign Currency Risk

We face exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates whenever we, or any of our subsidiaries, enter into transactions with third parties that are denominated in currencies other than ours, or that subsidiary’s, functional currency. Intercompany transactions between entities that use different functional currencies also expose us to foreign currency risk.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , the net impact of foreign currency changes on transactions was a loss of $0.6 million , a gain of $0.3 million and a loss of $0.9 million , respectively. Historically, we have not used derivative financial instruments or other financial instruments to hedge these economic exposures.

The Canadian dollar presents the primary currency risk on our earnings. At December 31, 2018, a hypothetical 10% change in value of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar would not have materially affected our financial instruments.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

LANTHEUS HOLDINGS, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	66
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017	67
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	68
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	69
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	70
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	71
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	73

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Lantheus Holdings, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lantheus Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

February 20, 2019

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2007.

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Lantheus Holdings, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except par value)



	December 31,
	2018			2017
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	113,401		$	76,290
Accounts receivable, net	43,753			40,259
Inventory	33,019			26,080
Other current assets	5,242			5,221
Total current assets	195,415			147,850
Property, plant and equipment, net	107,888			92,999
Intangibles, net	9,133			11,798
Goodwill	15,714			15,714
Deferred tax assets, net	81,449			87,010
Other long-term assets	30,232			28,487
Total assets	$	439,831		$	383,858
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt	$	2,750		$	2,750
Revolving line of credit	—			—
Accounts payable	17,955			17,464
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	32,050			26,536
Total current liabilities	52,755			46,750
Asset retirement obligations	11,572			10,412
Long-term debt, net	263,709			265,393
Other long-term liabilities	40,793			38,012
Total liabilities	368,829			360,567
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 15)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value, 25,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding)	—			—
Common stock ($0.01 par value, 250,000 shares authorized; 38,466 and 37,765 shares issued and outstanding, respectively)	385			378
Additional paid-in capital	239,865			232,960
Accumulated deficit	(168,140		)	(209,013		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,108		)	(1,034		)
Total stockholders’ equity	71,002			23,291
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	439,831		$	383,858

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Lantheus Holdings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Revenues	$	343,374		$	331,378		$	301,853
Cost of goods sold	168,489			169,243			164,073
Gross profit	174,885			162,135			137,780
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	43,159			42,315			36,542
General and administrative	50,167			49,842			38,832
Research and development	17,071			18,125			12,203
Total operating expenses	110,397			110,282			87,577
Gain on sales of assets	—			—			6,385
Operating income	64,488			51,853			56,588
Interest expense	17,405			18,410			26,618
Debt retirement costs	—			—			1,896
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			2,442			—
Other income	(2,465		)	(8,638		)	(220		)
Income before income taxes	49,548			39,639			28,294
Income tax expense (benefit)	9,030			(83,746		)	1,532
Net income	$	40,518		$	123,385		$	26,762
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	1.06		$	3.31		$	0.84
Diluted	$	1.03		$	3.17		$	0.82
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	38,233			37,276			32,044
Diluted	39,501			38,892			32,656

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Lantheus Holdings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Net income	$	40,518		$	123,385		$	26,762
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Reclassification adjustment for gains on sales of assets included in net income	—			—			435
Foreign currency translation	(74		)	(87		)	603
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(74		)	(87		)	1,038
Comprehensive income	$	40,444		$	123,298		$	27,800

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Lantheus Holdings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(in thousands)



	Common Stock					Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
	Shares		Amount			Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balance, January 1, 2016	30,365		$	303		$	175,553		$	(359,160	)	$	(1,985	)	$	(185,289	)
Issuance of common stock, net of $2,080 issuance costs	6,200		62			48,758			—			—			48,820
Net income	—		—			—			26,762			—			26,762
Other comprehensive income	—		—			—			—			1,038			1,038
Stock option exercises	41		1			230			—			—			231
Vesting of restricted stock awards	214		2			(2		)	—			—			—
Shares withheld to cover taxes	(64	)	(1		)	(601		)	—			—			(602		)
Stock-based compensation	—		—			2,524			—			—			2,524
Balance, December 31, 2016	36,756		367			226,462			(332,398		)	(947		)	(106,516		)
Net income	—		—			—			123,385			—			123,385
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			—			—			(87		)	(87		)
Stock option exercises and employee stock plan purchases	478		5			3,429			—			—			3,434
Vesting of restricted stock awards	744		8			(8		)	—			—			—
Shares withheld to cover taxes	(214	)	(2		)	(2,851		)	—			—			(2,853		)
Stock-based compensation	—		—			5,928			—			—			5,928
Balance, December 31, 2017	37,765		378			232,960			(209,013		)	(1,034		)	23,291
Net income	—		—			—			40,518			—			40,518
Forfeiture of dividend equivalent right	—		—			—			355			—			355
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			—			—			(74		)	(74		)
Stock option exercises and employee stock plan purchases	223		2			1,578			—			—			1,580
Vesting of restricted stock awards	672		7			(7		)	—			—			—
Shares withheld to cover taxes	(194	)	(2		)	(3,384		)	—			—			(3,386		)
Stock-based compensation	—		—			8,718			—			—			8,718
Balance, December 31, 2018	38,466		$	385		$	239,865		$	(168,140	)	$	(1,108	)	$	71,002

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Lantheus Holdings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Operating activities
Net income	$	40,518		$	123,385		$	26,762
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	13,929			19,231			18,263
Amortization of debt related costs	1,279			1,361			1,603
Provision for bad debt	321			136			53
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory	2,875			1,215			1,342
Stock-based compensation	8,718			5,928			2,524
Gain on sales of assets	—			—			(6,385		)
Loss on impairment of land	—			912			—
Loss on extinguishment of debt and debt retirement costs	—			2,442			1,896
Deferred taxes	5,762			(86,946		)	(155		)
Long-term income tax receivable	(2,855		)	(8,413		)	(200		)
Long-term income tax payable and other long-term liabilities	3,219			2,793			565
Other	1,399			1,049			1,284
Increases (decreases) in cash from operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(3,985		)	(3,407		)	(1,059		)
Inventory	(8,690		)	(9,620		)	(3,626		)
Other current assets	(661		)	(388		)	(155		)
Accounts payable	(2,886		)	604			5,700
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	2,250			4,495			1,230
Net cash provided by operating activities	61,193			54,777			49,642
Investing activities
Capital expenditures	(20,132		)	(17,543		)	(7,398		)
Proceeds from sale of assets	1,000			1,234			10,605
Other	—			—			74
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(19,132		)	(16,309		)	3,281
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	428			187			50,900
Payments for public offering costs	—			(74		)	(2,006		)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	—			274,313			—
Payments on long-term debt	(2,862		)	(286,694		)	(78,729		)
Deferred financing costs	—			(1,576		)	(11		)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	1,152			3,247			231
Payments for minimum statutory tax withholding related to net share settlement of equity awards	(3,386		)	(2,853		)	(602		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(4,668		)	(13,450		)	(30,217		)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	(282		)	94			(124		)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	37,111			25,112			22,582
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	76,290			51,178			28,596
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	$	113,401		$	76,290		$	51,178

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	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	15,869	$	16,653	$	24,441
Income taxes, net of refunds of $35, $17 and $82, respectively	$	90	$	106	$	265
Schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities
Additions of property, plant and equipment included in liabilities	$	7,395	$	2,738	$	4,990
Receivable in connection with sale of Australian subsidiary	$	—	$	—	$	1,479

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Lantheus Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1 . Description of Business

Lantheus Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is the parent company of Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. (“LMI”), also a Delaware corporation.

The Company is a global leader in the development, manufacture and commercialization of innovative diagnostic medical imaging agents and other products that assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases.

The Company’s commercial products are used by cardiologists, nuclear physicians, radiologists, internal medicine physicians, technologists and sonographers working in a variety of clinical settings. The Company sells its products to radiopharmacies, integrated delivery networks, hospitals, clinics and group practices.

The Company sells its products globally and have operations in the U.S., Puerto Rico and Canada and third-party distribution relationships in Europe, Canada, Australia, Asia-Pacific and Latin America.

The Company’s product portfolio includes an ultrasound contrast agent and nuclear imaging products. The Company’s principal products include the following:


•	DEFINITY is a microbubble contrast agent used in ultrasound exams of the heart, also known as echocardiography exams. DEFINITY contains perflutren-containing lipid microspheres and is indicated in the U.S. for use in patients with suboptimal echocardiograms to assist in imaging the left ventricular chamber and left endocardial border of the heart in ultrasound procedures


•	TechneLite is a Technetium generator that provides the essential nuclear material used by radiopharmacies to radiolabel Cardiolite, Neurolite and other Technetium-based radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine procedures. TechneLite uses Moly as its active ingredient.

Sales of the Company’s microbubble contrast agent, DEFINITY, are made in the U.S. and Canada through a DEFINITY direct sales team. In the U.S., the Company’s nuclear imaging products, including TechneLite, Xenon, Neurolite and Cardiolite, are primarily distributed through commercial radiopharmacies, the majority of which are controlled by or associated with Cardinal, UPPI, GE Healthcare and Triad. A small portion of the Company’s nuclear imaging product sales in the U.S. are made through the Company’s direct sales force to hospitals and clinics that maintain their own in-house radiopharmaceutical preparation capabilities. The Company owns one radiopharmacy in Puerto Rico where they sell their own products as well as products of third parties to end-users.

The Company also maintains its own direct sales force in Canada for certain customers so that they can control the importation, marketing, distribution and sale of its imaging agents in Canada in this sales channel. In Europe, Australia, Asia-Pacific and Latin America, the Company relies on third-party distributors to market, sell and distribute its nuclear imaging and contrast agent products, either on a country-by-country basis or on a multi-country regional basis.

2 . Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain immaterial reclassifications in the prior period consolidated statement of cash flows have been reclassified to conform to the current year period financial statement presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The more significant estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, certain judgments regarding revenue recognition, goodwill, tangible and intangible asset valuation, inventory valuation, asset retirement obligations, income tax liabilities and related indemnification receivable, deferred tax assets and liabilities and accrued expenses. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates or assumptions.

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Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control of promised goods or services to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services. See Note 3, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” for further discussion on revenues.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable consist of amounts billed and currently due from customers. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. In determining the allowance, consideration includes the probability of recoverability based on past experience and general economic factors. Certain accounts receivable may be fully reserved when the Company becomes aware of any specific collection issues.

Also included in accounts receivable are miscellaneous receivables of $0.3 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach. Income tax expense (benefit) represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax attributes are expected to be recovered or paid, and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when such changes are enacted.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes that these assets are more-likely-than-not to be realized. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more-likely-than-not that the future tax benefit will not be realized. The assessment of whether or not a valuation allowance is required involves weighing both positive and negative evidence, including both historical and prospective information, with greater weight given to evidence that is objectively verifiable. A history of recent losses is negative evidence that is difficult to overcome with positive evidence. In evaluating prospective information there are four sources of taxable income: reversals of taxable temporary differences, items that can be carried back to prior tax years (such as net operating losses), pre-tax income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. Adjustments to the deferred tax valuation allowances are made in the period when those assessments are made.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a 2-step recognition threshold and measurement analysis method to determine the financial statement impact of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements are recorded as adjustments to other long-term assets and liabilities, or adjustments to deferred taxes, or both. The Company records the related interest and penalties to income tax expense (benefit).

Net Income per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus the potential dilutive effect of other securities if those securities were converted or exercised. During periods in which the Company incurs net losses, both basic and diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding and potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation because their effect would be antidilutive.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include savings deposits, certificates of deposit and money market funds that have original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Concentration of Risks and Limited Suppliers

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of trade accounts receivable. The Company periodically reviews its accounts receivable for collectability and provides for an allowance for doubtful accounts to the extent that amounts are not expected to be collected. The Company sells primarily to large national distributors, which in turn, resell the Company’s products.

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As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, one customer accounted for approximately 11% and 15% , respectively, of accounts receivable, net. No customer accounted for greater than 10% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Three customers accounted for approximately 12% , 10% and 10% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Two customers accounted for approximately 11% and 10% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 .

The Company relies on certain materials used in its development and manufacturing processes, some of which are procured from only one or a few sources. The failure of one of these suppliers to deliver on schedule could delay or interrupt the manufacturing or commercialization process and would adversely affect the Company’s operating results. In addition, a disruption in the commercial supply of, or a significant increase in the cost of one of the Company’s materials from these sources could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position and results of operations.

The Company has Moly supply agreements with IRE of Belgium, running through December 31, 2019, and renewable by us on a year-to-year basis thereafter, and NTP of South Africa, for itself and on behalf of its subcontractor ANSTO of Australia, running through December 31, 2020. The Company also has a Xenon supply agreement with IRE which runs through June 30, 2019, also subject to extensions. The Company currently relies on IRE as the sole supplier of bulk-unprocessed Xenon which the Company processes and finishes for its customers. The Company currently relies on JHS as its sole source manufacturer of DEFINITY, Neurolite, Cardiolite and evacuation vials for TechneLite.

The following table sets forth revenues for each of the Company’s products representing 10% or more of revenues:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018	2017	2016
DEFINITY	53.3%	47.5%	43.6%
TechneLite	28.8%	31.6%	32.9%

Inventory

Inventory includes material, direct labor and related manufacturing overhead and is stated at the lower of cost or market on a first-in, first-out basis.

The Company assesses the recoverability of inventory to determine whether adjustments for excess and obsolete inventory are required. Inventory that is in excess of future requirements is written down to its estimated net realizable value based on product shelf life, forecasted demand and other factors.

Inventory costs associated with product that has not yet received regulatory approval are capitalized if the Company believes there is probable future commercial use of the product and future economic benefits of the asset. If future commercial use of the product is not probable, then inventory costs associated with such product are expensed as incurred. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company had no capitalized inventories associated with product that did not have regulatory approval.

Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant & equipment are stated at cost. Replacements of major units of property are capitalized, and replaced properties are retired. Replacements of minor components of property and repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Certain costs to obtain or develop computer software are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Depreciation and amortization is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The estimated useful lives of the major classes of depreciable assets are as follows:



Class		Range of Estimated Useful Lives
Buildings		10 - 50 years
Land improvements		15 - 40 years
Machinery and equipment		3 - 15 years
Furniture and fixtures		15 years
Leasehold improvements		Lesser of lease term or 15 years
Computer software		3 - 5 years

Upon retirement or other disposal of property, plant & equipment, the cost and related amount of accumulated depreciation are removed from the asset and accumulated depreciation accounts, respectively. The difference, if any, between the net asset value and the proceeds is included in operating income.

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Included within machinery, equipment and fixtures are spare parts. Spare parts include replacement parts relating to plant & equipment and are either recognized as an expense when consumed or reclassified and capitalized as part of the related asset and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the related asset.

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized but is instead tested for impairment at least annually and whenever events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely-than-not that they may be impaired. The Company has elected to perform the annual test for goodwill impairment as of October 31 of each year. All goodwill has been allocated to the U.S. reporting unit.

In performing the Company’s annual assessment, the Company is permitted to first perform a qualitative test and if necessary, perform a quantitative test. If the Company is required to perform the quantitative impairment test of goodwill, the Company compares the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value. If the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, the Company would record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of its reporting unit using discounted cash flow or other valuation models, such as comparative transactions and market multiples. The Company did not recognize any goodwill impairment charges during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 or 2016.

Intangible and Long-Lived Assets

The Company tests intangible and long-lived assets for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying value of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The Company measures the recoverability of assets to be held and used by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If those assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment equals the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Any impairments are recorded as permanent reductions in the carrying amount of the assets. Long-lived assets, other than goodwill and other intangible assets that are held for sale are recorded at the lower of the carrying value or the fair market value less the estimated cost to sell.

Intangible assets, consisting of patents, trademarks and customer relationships related to the Company’s products are amortized in a method equivalent to the estimated utilization of the economic benefit of the asset.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, product and environmental liability. The Company records accruals for those loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company does not recognize gain contingencies until realized.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, including its cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate the carrying values of these instruments due to their short term nature. The estimated fair value of the Company’s long term debt approximates its carrying values as the applicable interest rates are subject to change with market interest rates.

Advertising and Promotion Costs

Advertising and promotion costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , the Company incurred $4.0 million , $4.4 million and $3.6 million , respectively in advertising and promotion costs, which are included in sales and marketing in the consolidated statements of operations.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and relate primarily to the development of new products to add to the Company’s portfolio and costs related to its medical affairs and medical information functions. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities are deferred and recognized as an expense as the goods are delivered or the related services are performed.

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Foreign Currency

The consolidated statements of operations of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars using weighted-average exchange rates. The net assets of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars using the end of period exchange rates. The impact from translating the net assets of these subsidiaries at changing rates are recorded in the foreign currency translation adjustment account, which is included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets.

Remeasurement of the Company’s foreign currency denominated transactions are included in net income. Transaction gains and losses are reported as a component of o ther income , in the consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date of the stock-based award based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which generally represents the vesting period, and includes an estimate of the awards that will be forfeited. The Company estimates the fair value of each stock-based award on its measurement date using either the current market price of the stock, the Black-Scholes option valuation model or the Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model, whichever is most appropriate. The Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo Simulation valuation models incorporate assumptions such as stock price volatility, the expected life of options or awards, a risk-free interest rate and dividend yield.

Expense for performance restricted stock awards is recognized based upon the fair value of the awards on the date of grant and the number of shares expected to vest based on the terms of the u nderlying award agreement and the requisite service period(s).

Other Income

Other income consisted of the following:



	Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2018			2017			2016
Foreign currency losses (gains)	$	557		$	(253	)	$	853
Tax indemnification income	(2,855		)	(8,367		)	(1,055		)
Other income	(167		)	(18		)	(18		)
Total other income	$	(2,465	)	$	(8,638	)	$	(220	)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting stockholders’ equity that, under U.S. GAAP, are excluded from net income. For the Company, other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation gains and losses. The accumulated other comprehensive loss balance consists entirely of foreign currency translation gains and losses.

Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company’s compliance with federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations may require it to remove or mitigate the effects of the disposal or release of chemical substances in jurisdictions where it does business or maintains properties. The Company establishes accruals when those costs are legally obligated and probable and can be reasonably estimated. Accrual amounts are estimated based on currently available information, regulatory requirements, remediation strategies, historical experience, the relative shares of the total remediation costs and a relevant discount rate, when the time periods of estimated costs can be reasonably predicted. Changes in these assumptions could impact the Company’s future reported results. The Company has identified conditional asset retirement obligations related to the future removal and disposal of asbestos contained in certain of the buildings located on the Company’s North Billerica, Massachusetts campus. The asbestos is appropriately contained, and the Company believes it is compliant with all applicable environmental regulations. If these properties undergo major renovations or are demolished, certain environmental regulations are in place, which specify the manner in which asbestos must be handled and disposed. The Company is required to record the fair value of these conditional liabilities if they can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , sufficient information was not available to estimate a liability for such conditional asset retirement obligations as the obligations to remove the asbestos from these properties have indeterminable settlement dates. As such, no liability for conditional asset retirement obligations has been recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 .

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Self-Insurance Reserves

The Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 include $0.6 million and $0.5 million of accrued liabilities associated with employee medical costs that are retained by the Company. The Company estimates the required liability of those claims on an undiscounted basis based upon various assumptions which include, but are not limited to, the Company’s historical loss experience and projected loss development factors. The required liability is also subject to adjustment in the future based upon changes in claims experience, including changes in the number of incidents (frequency) and change in the ultimate cost per incident (severity). The Company also maintains a separate cash account to fund these medical claims and must maintain a minimum balance as determined by the plan administrator. The balance of this restricted cash account was approximately $0.1 million at both December 31, 2018 and 2017 , and is included in other current assets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements



Standard	Description	Effective Date for Company	Effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)	This ASU supersedes existing guidance on accounting for leases in Leases (Topic 840) and generally requires all leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. The provisions of ASU 2016-02 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018; early adoption is permitted. In July 2018, an amendment was made that allows companies the option of using the effective date of the new standard as the initial application date (at the beginning of the period in which it is adopted, rather than at the beginning of the earliest comparative period).	January 1, 2019	The Company has completed its assessment on the impact of the standard, including optional practical expedients and transition methods that the Company will elect upon adoption. The implementation plan included identifying the Company’s lease population, assessing significant leases under the new guidance and identifying changes to processes and controls. The Company concluded that upon adoption of this standard there will not be a significant impact to its Balance Sheet. The Company will utilize the prospective approach of adopting this standard. The Company has identified and implemented appropriate changes to its business processes and controls to support recognition and disclosure under this standard.



Standard	Description	Effective Date for Company	Effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements
Accounting Standards Adopted During the Year Ended December 31, 2018
ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting	This ASU clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. The new guidance will be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The guidance is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 for all entities.	January 1, 2018	The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and related amendments	This ASU and related amendments affect any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets, unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The guidance in this ASU supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition and most industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.	January 1, 2018	See Note 3, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" for the required disclosures related to the impact of adopting this standard. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations.

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3 . Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Adoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”

The Company adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The reported results for 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the reported results for 2017 were prepared under the guidance of ASC 605. For the Company’s accounting policy for revenue recognition under ASC 605, refer to Item 8 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, results of operations, equity or cash flows as of the adoption date or for the periods presented.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps: (1) identify the contracts with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue by revenue source and reportable segment as follows:



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
Major Products/Service Lines (in thousands)	U.S.		International		Total
Product revenue, net ⁽¹⁾	$	288,580	$	52,556	$	341,136
License and royalty revenues	—		2,238		2,238
Total revenues	$	288,580	$	54,794	$	343,374

_ _____________________________


(1)	The Company’s principal products include DEFINITY and TechneLite and are categorized within product revenue, net. The Company applies the same revenue recognition policies and judgments for all of its principal products.

Product Revenue, Net

The Company sells its products principally to hospitals and clinics, radiopharmacies and distributors. The Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales or group purchasing organization agreements, to be the contracts with a customer.

For each contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled.

The Company typically invoices customers upon satisfaction of identified performance obligations. As the Company’s standard payment terms are 30 to 60 days from invoicing, the Company has elected to use the significant financing component practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18.

The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct product based on their relative standalone selling price. The product price as specified on the purchase order is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances.

Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs upon delivery to the customer. Further, in determining whether control has transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer.

Frequently, the Company receives orders for products to be delivered over multiple dates that may extend across several reporting periods. The Company invoices for each delivery upon shipment and recognizes revenues for each distinct product delivered, assuming transfer of control has occurred.

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The Company generally does not separately charge customers for shipping and handling costs, but any shipping and handling costs charged to customers are included in product revenue, net. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues.

Variable Consideration

Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established for discounts, returns, rebates and allowances that are offered within contracts between the Company and its customers. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as a current liability. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as the Company’s historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained, and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.

Rebates and Allowances : The Company provides certain customers with rebates and allowances that are explicitly stated in the Company’s contracts and are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. The Company establishes a liability for such amounts, which is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. These rebates and allowances result from performance-based offers that are primarily based on attaining contractually specified sales volumes and administrative fees the Company is required to pay to group purchasing organizations. The Company estimates the amount of rebates and allowances that are explicitly stated in the Company’s contracts based on a combination of actual purchases and an estimate of the customer’s buying patterns.

Product Returns : The Company generally offers customers a limited right of return due to non-conforming product. The Company estimates the amount of its product sales that may be returned by its customers and records this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. The Company currently estimates product return liabilities using its historical product return information and considers other factors that it believes could significantly impact its expected returns, including product recalls. Reserves for product returns are not significant to the Company due to the nature of its products including radiopharmaceutical products with limited half-lives.

The following table summarizes activity for reserves relating to rebate and allowances (including group purchasing organization administrative fees and returns) for the year ended December 31, 2018 :



(in thousands)	Rebates and Allowances
Balance, January 1, 2018	2,860
Provision related to current period revenues	13,202
Adjustments relating to prior period revenues	(361		)
Payments or credits made during the period	(11,047		)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	4,654

License and Royalty Revenues

The Company has entered into licensing agreements, which are within the scope of ASC 606, under which it licenses certain rights to third parties. The terms of these arrangements typically include payment to the Company of one or more of the following: non-refundable, up-front license fees; development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments; and royalties on net sales of licensed products. The Company also has distribution licenses which are treated as combined performance obligations with the delivery of its products and are classified as product revenue, net.

In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under each of its agreements, the Company performs the five-step approach stated earlier. The Company uses judgment in determining the number of performance obligations in a license agreement by assessing whether the license is distinct or should be combined with another performance obligation, as well as the nature of the license. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation identified in

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the contract. The Company uses key assumptions to determine the stand-alone selling price, which may include market conditions, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, development timelines and probabilities of regulatory success.

Licenses of intellectual property : If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from non-refundable, up-front fees. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition.

Milestone Payments : At the inception of each arrangement that includes development milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company or the licensee, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. The transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis, for which the Company recognizes revenue as or when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of such development milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect license and royalty revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. At December 31, 2018, the Company is constraining variable consideration related to milestone payments requiring regulatory approvals.

Royalty Revenues : For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Contract Costs

The Company recognizes an asset for incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if it expects to recover those costs. The Company’s sales incentive compensation plans qualify for capitalization since these plans are directly related to sales achieved during a period of time. However, the Company has elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense the costs as they are incurred, within selling and marketing expenses, since the amortization period is less than one year.

The Company recognized certain revenues as follows:



(in thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2018
Amounts included in the contract liability at the beginning of the period	$	33
Performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods	$	—

The Company’s performance obligations are typically part of contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. As such, under the optional exemption provided by ASC 606-10-50-14, the Company is not disclosing the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially satisfied) as of the end of the reporting period.

4 . Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In order to increase consistency and comparability of fair value measurements, financial instruments are categorized based on a hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels, which are described below:


•	Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

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•

Level 2 — Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.) and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).


•	Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that reflect a Company’s estimates about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company develops these inputs based on the best information available, including its own data.

The Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of money market funds. The Company invests excess cash from its operating cash accounts in overnight investments and reflects these amounts in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

The tables below present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:



	December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market	$	61,391	$	61,391	$	—	$	—
Total	$	61,391	$	61,391	$	—	$	—



	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market	$	8,700	$	8,700	$	—	$	—
Total	$	8,700	$	8,700	$	—	$	—

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

As of December 31, 2017, the Company wrote down the value of land held for sale in the U.S. segment to its fair value, less estimated costs to sell, using level 3 inputs. See Note 8, “Property, Plant and Equipment, Net” for further discussion regarding land held for sale.

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5 . Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes is summarized as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2016
U.S.	$	46,945	$	39,559	$	23,736
International	2,603		80		4,558
Income before income taxes	$	49,548	$	39,639	$	28,294

The income tax expense (benefit) is summarized as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2018			2017			2016
Current
Federal	$	(21	)	$	(58	)	$	(91	)
State	3,424			3,242			1,689
International	(135		)	16			(49		)
	3,268			3,200			1,549
Deferred
Federal	7,821			(71,742		)	—
State	1,411			(15,220		)	—
International	(3,470		)	16			(17		)
	5,762			(86,946		)	(17		)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	9,030		$	(83,746	)	$	1,532

The reconciliation of income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the actual income taxes is as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2018			2017			2016
U.S. statutory rate	$	10,405		$	13,873		$	9,903
Permanent items	505			(1,916		)	(570		)
Write-off of foreign tax and research credits	—			—			7,125
Foreign tax credits	—			—			(319		)
Uncertain tax positions	3,227			3,128			1,529
Other tax credits	(742		)	(175		)	90
State and local taxes	2,125			1,252			433
Impact of rate change on deferred taxes	—			45,129			(383		)
True-up of prior year tax	—			7			(2,751		)
Foreign tax rate differential	30			97			(242		)
Valuation allowance	(4,073		)	(141,094		)	(13,292		)
Benefit of windfall related to stock compensation	(1,760		)	(2,723		)	—
Increase in indemnification deferred tax asset	(731		)	(1,055		)	—
Other	44			(269		)	9
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	9,030		$	(83,746	)	$	1,532

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The components of deferred income tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:



	December 31,
(in thousands)	2018			2017
Deferred Tax Assets
Federal benefit of state tax liabilities	$	7,809		$	7,510
Reserves, accruals and other	11,005			9,251
Inventory obsolescence	428			239
Capitalized research and development	7,491			9,941
Amortization of intangibles other than goodwill	2,809			3,903
Net operating loss carryforwards	55,938			63,202
Depreciation	—			972
Deferred tax assets	85,480			95,018
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Reserves, accruals and other	(1,078		)	(1,346		)
Customer relationships	(986		)	(1,294		)
Depreciation	(727		)	—
Deferred tax liability	(2,791		)	(2,640		)
Less: valuation allowance	(1,240		)	(5,368		)
	$	81,449		$	87,010
Recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as:
Noncurrent deferred tax assets	$	81,449		$	87,010

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”). The Act is significant and has wide-ranging effects.

The Company has completed its study of the ramifications of the Act, and has confirmed the primary material impact of the Act to be the remeasurement of the Company’s deferred tax assets, which was recorded in fiscal 2017 as a result of the reduction in U.S. corporate tax rates from 35% to 21%. As of December 31, 2017, the Company determined it had no accumulated unrepatriated foreign earnings, and therefore recorded no liability for the repatriation transition tax.

The Company has also completed its evaluation of and accounting for all other relevant changes resulting from the Act, and has determined that through December 31, 2018, these changes do not materially impact the Company's effective tax rate.

The Company regularly assesses its ability to realize its deferred tax assets. Assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets requires significant management judgment. In determining whether its deferred tax assets are more-likely-than-not realizable, the Company evaluated all available positive and negative evidence, and weighed the objective evidence and expected impact. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company's Canada subsidiary entered an accumulated three year period of profitability, removing a strong item of negative evidence previously supporting the recording of a full valuation allowance. Management has determined that the weight of the relevant positive evidence now outweighs the negative evidence, and has released the valuation allowance against its Canada subsidiary's net deferred tax assets, resulting in an income tax benefit of $4.0 million in fiscal 2018. The Company continues to record a valuation allowance of $1.2 million against the net deferred tax assets of its U.K. subsidiary.

During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company determined based on its consideration of the weight of positive and negative evidence that there was sufficient positive evidence that its U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets were more-likely-than-not realizable. The Company’s conclusion was primarily driven by the achievement of a sustained level of U.S. profitability, the expectation of sustained future profitability, and mitigating factors related to external supplier and customer risk sufficient to outweigh the available negative evidence. Accordingly, the Company released the valuation allowance previously recorded against its U.S. net deferred tax assets, resulting in a fiscal 2017 income tax benefit of $141.1 million .

The Company will continue to assess the level of the valuation allowance required. If the weight of negative evidence exists in future periods to again support the recording of a partial or full valuation allowance against the Company’s deferred tax assets, there would likely be a material negative impact on the Company’s results of operations in that future period.

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A summary of the changes in the Company’s valuation allowance is summarized below:



(in thousands)	Amount
Balance, January 1, 2017	$	140,915
Charged to income tax expense (benefit)	2,305
Adoption of ASU 2016-09	2,929
Foreign currency	313
Release valuation allowance	(141,094		)
Balance, December 31, 2017	5,368
Charged to income tax expense (benefit)	(103		)
Foreign currency	(56		)
Release valuation allowance	(3,969		)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	1,240

The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns are subject to examination for three years. The state and foreign income tax returns are subject to examination for periods varying from three to four years depending on the specific jurisdictions’ statutes of limitation.

At December 31, 2018 , the Company has U.S. federal net operating loss carryovers of $207.2 million , which will expire between 2032 and 2037 , and U.S. federal research credits of $0.4 million which will begin to expire in 2037. The Company has Massachusetts state research credit carryforwards of $2.8 million , which will expire between 2024 and 2033. The Company has Massachusetts investment tax credit carryforwards of $1.4 million , of which $0.6 million have no expiration date, and the remainder of which will begin to expire in 2019 and fully expire in 2021.

A reconciliation of the Company’s changes in uncertain tax positions for 2018 and 2017 is as follows:



(in thousands)	Amount
Balance of uncertain tax positions as of January 1, 2017	$	10,441
Additions related to current year tax positions	—
Reductions related to prior year tax positions	(506		)
Settlements	—
Lapse of statute of limitations	(69		)
Balance of uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2017	9,866
Additions related to current year tax positions	—
Reductions related to prior year tax positions	(4		)
Settlements	—
Lapse of statute of limitations	(74		)
Balance of uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2018	$	9,788

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , total liabilities for uncertain tax positions including interest and penalties were $40.2 million and $37.0 million , respectively, consisting of uncertain tax positions of $9.8 million and $9.9 million , interest accruals of $28.2 million and $24.9 million , and penalty accruals of $2.2 million and $2.2 million , respectively. As of December 31, 2018 , all of the liabilities were included in other long-term liabilities, and as of December 31, 2017, $36.3 million were included in other long-term liabilities, while $0.7 million reduced the Company’s deferred tax assets. Included in the 2018 , 2017 and 2016 tax provisions are $3.2 million , $3.1 million and $1.5 million , respectively, relating to interest and penalties, net of benefits for reversals of uncertain tax positions, interest and penalties, recognized upon settlements or lapses of relevant statutes of limitation.

In connection with the Company’s acquisition of the medical imaging business from BMS in 2008, the Company entered into a tax indemnification agreement with BMS. A long-term receivable is recorded to account for the expected value to the Company of future indemnification payments, net of actual tax benefits received. The tax indemnification receivable is recognized within other long-term assets. The total long-term asset related to the indemnification was $29.5 million and $26.3 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The changes in the tax indemnification asset are recognized within other income in the consolidated statement of operations. In accordance with the Company’s accounting policy, the change in the tax liability, penalties and interest associated with these obligations (net of any offsetting federal or state benefit) is recognized within income tax expense. Accordingly, as these reserves change, adjustments are included in income tax expense while the offsetting adjustment is included in other income.

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Assuming that the receivable from BMS continues to be considered recoverable by the Company, there will be minimal effect on net income and no net cash outflows related to these liabilities.

During the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, BMS made no payments on behalf of the Company with respect to indemnified contingent tax liabilities. In 2016 , BMS made payments on behalf of the Company totaling $0.7 million to several states in connection with prior year state income tax filings. The amount due from BMS as of December 31, 2018, increased by $3.3 million , due to the accrual of interest on the existing contingent liabilities. The amount due from BMS, included within other long-term assets, increased by $8.4 million in 2017, primarily due to the decrease in U.S. corporate tax rates effective January 1, 2018. In 2016 , the amount due from BMS decreased by $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 , which represented the release of asset balances associated with pre-acquisition year-related tax payments made by BMS.

Included in other income for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , is tax indemnification income of $2.9 million , $8.4 million and $1.1 million , respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2017 , $6.5 million of the tax indemnification income is related to the impact of the U.S. federal tax rate reduction, and the remainder arises from increases in the indemnified liabilities.

6 . Sales of Certain International Segment Assets

Sale of Certain Canadian Assets

During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company committed to a plan to sell certain assets and liabilities associated with the Company’s Canadian operations in the International Segment. This event qualified for held for sale accounting and the Company determined that the fair value of the net assets being sold significantly exceeded the carrying value as of December 31, 2015. The transaction was finalized in the first quarter of 2016.

Effective January 7, 2016, the Canadian subsidiary of the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (“Canadian Asset Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which it would sell substantially all of the assets of its Canadian radiopharmacy businesses and Gludef manufacturing and distribution business to one of its existing Canadian radiopharmacy customers.

The purchase price for the asset sale was $9.0 million in cash and also included a working capital adjustment of $0.5 million , which was settled in the third quarter of 2016. The Canadian Asset Purchase Agreement contained customary representations, warranties and covenants by each of the parties. Subject to certain limitations, the buyer will be indemnified for damages resulting from breaches or inaccuracies of the Company’s representations, warranties and covenants in the Canadian Asset Purchase Agreement.

As part of the transaction, the Company and the buyer also entered into a customary transition services agreement and a long-term supply contract under which the Company will supply the buyer with certain of the Company’s products on commercial terms and under which the buyer has agreed to certain product minimum purchase commitments.

The Company does not believe the sale of certain net assets in the international segment constituted a strategic shift that would have a major effect on its operations or financial results. As a result, this transaction is not classified as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

This sale of assets resulted in a pre-tax book gain of $5.9 million , which is recorded within gain on sales of assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Sale of Australian Radiopharmacy Servicing Subsidiary

Effective August 11, 2016 , the Company entered into a share purchase agreement (“Australian Share Purchase Agreement”) with one of its existing radiopharmacy customers under which it sold all of the stock of its Australian radiopharmacy servicing subsidiary.

The aggregate share sale price was AUD $2.0 million (approximately $1.5 million ) in cash and also included a working capital adjustment of approximately AUD $2.0 million (approximately $1.5 million ) for total proceeds of AUD $4.0 million (approximately $ 3.0 million ) from the sale. As a result of this sale, the Company disposed of net assets of $2.2 million , primarily comprised of working capital accounts of $2.0 million .

This share sale resulted in an adjusted pre-tax book gain of $0.5 million , which is recorded within gain on sales of assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. As a result of the sale of the Australian subsidiary, the Company reclassified $0.4 million from other comprehensive income to gain on sale of assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016.

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The Australian Share Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by each of the parties. Subject to certain limitations, the buyer will be indemnified for damages resulting from breaches or inaccuracies of the Company’s representations, warranties and covenants in the Australian Share Purchase Agreement.

As part of the transaction, the Company and the buyer also entered into a long-term supply and distribution contract under which the Company will supply the buyer and its subsidiaries with the Company’s products on commercial terms and under which the buyer has agreed to certain product minimum purchase commitments.

The Company does not believe this sale of certain net assets in the international segment constituted a strategic shift that would have a major effect on its operations or financial results. As a result, this transaction is not classified as discontinued operations in the Company’s accompanying consolidated financial statements.

7 . Inventory

Inventory consisted of the following:



	December 31,
(in thousands)	2018		2017
Raw materials	$	11,100	$	10,447
Work in process	4,261		5,509
Finished goods	17,658		10,124
Total inventory	$	33,019	$	26,080

As of December 31, 2017 , the Company had $1.1 million of inventory classified within other long-term assets, which represent raw materials not expected to be used by the Company during the next twelve months. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company had no inventory classified within other long-term assets.

8 . Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following:



	December 31,
(in thousands)	2018			2017
Land	$	13,450		$	13,450
Buildings	64,444			76,059
Machinery, equipment and fixtures	69,298			71,870
Computer software	19,266			20,271
Construction in progress	24,169			7,622
	190,627			189,272
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(82,739		)	(96,273		)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	107,888		$	92,999

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property, plant & equipment, net, was $10.1 million , $14.8 million and $12.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively.

Long-Lived Assets Held for Sale

During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company committed to a plan to sell a portion of its land in the U.S. segment. This event qualified for held for sale accounting and the land was written down to its fair value, less estimated costs to sell, which is classified in other current assets at December 31, 2017. This resulted in a loss of $0.9 million , which is included within general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. The fair value was estimated utilizing Level 3 inputs and using a market approach, based on available data for transactions in the region, discussions with real estate brokers and the asking price of comparable properties in its principal market. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company completed the sale of the land for proceeds of $1.0 million .

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9 . Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company considers its legal obligation to remediate its facilities upon a decommissioning of its radioactive-related operations as an asset retirement obligation. The Company has production facilities which manufacture and process radioactive materials at its North Billerica, Massachusetts and San Juan, Puerto Rico sites.

The Company is required to provide the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Massachusetts Department of Public Health financial assurance demonstrating the Company’s ability to fund the decommissioning of its North Billerica, Massachusetts production facility upon closure, although the Company does not intend to close the facility. The Company has provided this financial assurance in the form of a $28.2 million surety bond.

The fair value of a liability for asset retirement obligations is recognized in the period in which the liability is incurred. As of December 31, 2018 , the liability is measured at the present value of the obligation expected to be incurred, of approximately $26.9 million , and is adjusted in subsequent periods as accretion expense is recorded. The corresponding asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying values of the related long-lived assets and depreciated over the assets’ useful lives.

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the Company’s asset retirement obligations:



(in thousands)	Amount
Balance, January 1, 2018	$	10,412
Accretion expense	1,160
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	11,572

10 . Intangibles, Net

Intangibles, net, consisted of the following:



	December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Amortization Method	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Trademarks	Straight-Line	$	13,540	$	(9,856	)	$	3,684
Customer relationships	Accelerated	98,912		(93,463		)	5,449
Patents	Straight-Line	6,570		(6,570		)	—
Total		$	119,022	$	(109,889	)	$	9,133



	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Amortization Method	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Trademarks	Straight-Line	$	13,540	$	(9,304	)	$	4,236
Customer relationships	Accelerated	99,133		(92,072		)	7,061
Patents	Straight-Line	42,780		(42,279		)	501
Total		$	155,453	$	(143,655	)	$	11,798

The Company recorded amortization expense for its intangible assets of $2.6 million , $3.3 million and $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively.

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The below table summarizes the estimated aggregate amortization expense expected to be recognized on the above intangible assets:



(in thousands)	Amount
2019	$	1,803
2020	1,568
2021	1,309
2022	1,173
2023	579
2024 and thereafter	2,701
Total	$	9,133

11 . Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued expenses are comprised of the following:



	December 31,
(in thousands)	2018		2017
Compensation and benefits	$	15,962	$	14,469
Freight, distribution and operations	7,721		3,604
Accrued rebates, discounts and chargebacks	4,654		2,860
Accrued professional fees	1,673		2,852
Other	2,040		2,751
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	32,050	$	26,536

12 . Financing Arrangements

On March 30, 2017, the Company refinanced its previous $365 million seven -year term loan agreement (the facility thereunder, the “2015 Term Facility”) with a new five -year $275 million term loan facility (the “2017 Term Facility” and the loans thereunder, the “Term Loans”). In addition, the Company replaced its previous $50 million five -year asset based loan facility (the “ABL Facility”) with a new $75 million five -year revolving credit facility (the “2017 Revolving Facility” and, together with the 2017 Term Facility, the “2017 Facility”). The terms of the 2017 Facility are set forth in that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2017 (the “Credit Agreement”), by and among Holdings, the Company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent. The 2017 Term Facility was issued net of a $0.7 million discount. The Company has the right to request an increase to the 2017 Term Facility or request the establishment of one or more new incremental term loan facilities, in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75 million , plus additional amounts, in certain circumstances.

The net proceeds of the 2017 Term Facility, together with approximately $15.3 million of cash on hand, were used to refinance in full the aggregate remaining principal amount of the loans outstanding under the 2015 Term Facility and pay related interest, transaction fees and expenses. No amounts were outstanding under the ABL Facility at that time. The Company accounted for the refinancing as both a debt extinguishment and debt modification by evaluating the refinancing on a creditor by creditor basis. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.2 million related to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and incurred general and administrative expenses of $1.7 million related to third-party costs associated with the modified debt. In addition, the Company incurred and capitalized $1.6 million of new debt issuance costs related to the refinancing.

On November 29, 2017, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 (the “Repricing Amendment”) to the 2017 Facility to, among other things, (i) reduce the applicable interest rate margins with respect to the LIBOR and Base Rate Term Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and (ii) reduce the applicable interest rate margins with respect to the LIBOR and Base Rate Revolving Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement) . The Company accounted for the Repricing Amendment as both a debt extinguishment and debt modification by evaluating the refinancing on a creditor by creditor basis.

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2017 Term Facility

The Term Loans under the 2017 Term Facility bear interest, with pricing based from time to time at the Company’s election at (i) LIBOR plus a spread of 3.75% or (ii) the Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus a spread of 2.75% . Interest is payable (i) with respect to LIBOR Term Loans, at the end of each Interest Period (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and (ii) with respect to Base Rate Term Loans, at the end of each quarter. At December 31, 2018 , the Company’s interest rate under the 2017 Term Facility was 6.3% .

The Company is permitted to voluntarily prepay the Term Loans, in whole or in part. The 2017 Term Facility requires the Company to make mandatory prepayments of the outstanding Term Loans in certain circumstances. The 2017 Term Facility amortizes at 1.00% per year until its June 30, 2022 maturity date.

The Company’s maturities of principal obligations under the 2017 Term Facility are as follows as of December 31, 2018 :



(in thousands)	Amount
2019	2,750
2020	2,750
2021	2,750
2022	261,937
Total principal outstanding	270,187
Unamortized debt discount	(1,584		)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(2,144		)
Total	266,459
Less: current portion	(2,750		)
Total long-term debt	$	263,709

2017 Revolving Facility

Under the terms of the 2017 Revolving Facility, the lenders thereunder agreed to extend credit to the Company from time to time until March 30, 2022 (the “Revolving Termination Date”) consisting of revolving loans (the “Revolving Loans” and, together with the Term Loans, the “Loans”) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $75 million (the “Revolving Commitment”) at any time outstanding. The 2017 Revolving Facility includes a $20 million sub-facility for the issuance of letters of credit (the “Letters of Credit”). The Letters of Credit and the borrowings under the 2017 Revolving Facility are expected to be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

The Revolving Loans under the 2017 Revolving Facility bear interest, with pricing based from time to time at the Company’s election at (i) LIBOR plus a spread of 3.00% or (ii) the Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus a spread of 2.00% . The 2017 Revolving Facility also includes an unused line fee, which is set at 0.38% while the Company’s secured leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) is greater than 3.00 to 1.00 and 0.25% when the Company’s secured leverage ratio is less than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00.

The Company is permitted to voluntarily prepay the Revolving Loans, in whole or in part, or reduce or terminate the Revolving Commitment, in each case, without premium or penalty. On any business day on which the total amount of outstanding Revolving Loans and Letters of Credit exceeds the total Revolving Commitment, the Company must prepay the Revolving Loans in an amount equal to such excess. As of December 31, 2018 , there were no outstanding borrowings under the 2017 Revolving Facility.

2017 Facility Covenants

The 2017 Facility contains a number of affirmative, negative, reporting and financial covenants, in each case subject to certain exceptions and materiality thresholds. The 2017 Facility requires the Company to be in quarterly compliance, measured on a trailing four quarter basis, with a financial covenant. The maximum consolidated leverage ratio permitted by the financial covenant is displayed in the table below:

2017 Facility Financial Covenant

Period	Consolidated Leverage Ratio
Q1 2019	4.75 to 1.00
Thereafter	4.50 to 1.00

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The 2017 Facility contains usual and customary restrictions on the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness (ii) create liens; (iii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets; (iv) sell certain assets; (v) pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect of capital stock or make other restricted payments; (vi) make certain investments; (vii) repay subordinated indebtedness prior to stated maturity; and (viii) enter into certain transactions with its affiliates.

13 . Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

As of December 31, 2018 , the Company’s approved equity incentive plans included the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (“2015 Plan”), the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”), and the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (“2008 Plan”). These plans are administered by the Board of Directors and permit the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and dividend equivalent rights (“DERs”) to employees, officers, directors and consultants of the Company.

The Company has certain stock option and restricted stock awards outstanding under each of its equity incentive plans but, upon adoption of the 2015 Plan, no longer grants new equity awards under its 2008 and 2013 Plans. The Company adopted its 2015 Plan in June 2015 and subsequently amended the plan in April 2017 to increase the common stock reserved for issuance under the plan to an aggregate 5,755,277 shares.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations is summarized below:



	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2016
Cost of goods sold	$	1,140	$	1,692	$	359
Sales and marketing	1,244		640		339
General and administrative	4,990		2,964		1,438
Research and development	1,344		632		388
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	8,718	$	5,928	$	2,524

Stock Options

Stock option awards under the 2015 Plan are granted with an exercise price equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. All option awards have a ten -year contractual term.

A summary of option activity for 2018 is presented below:



	Total Stock Options		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance at January 1, 2018	565,425		$	13.65
Options granted	—		$	—
Options exercised	(192,550	)	$	5.98
Options cancelled and expired	(15,800	)	$	20.44
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	357,075		$	17.50	4.4	535,427
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018	357,075		$	17.50	4.4	535,427
Exercisable at December 31, 2018	353,049		$	17.56	4.4	522,423

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During the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , 192,550 , 465,232 and 40,976 options were exercised having aggregate intrinsic values of $2.4 million , $5.1 million and $0.2 million , respectively.

Restricted Stock

A summary of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units activity for 2018 is presented below:



	Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested balance at January 1, 2018	1,765,262		$	5.72
Granted	647,850		$	15.46
Vested	(672,345	)	$	6.37
Forfeited	(232,228	)	$	11.87
Nonvested balance at December 31, 2018	1,508,539		$	9.51

As of December 31, 2018 , there was $9.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding restricted stock, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years.

Performance Restricted Stock Awards

Performance awards vest based on the requisite service period subject to the achievement of specific financial performance targets. The Company monitors the probability of achieving the performance targets on a quarterly basis and may adjust periodic stock compensation expense accordingly. The performance targets include the achievement of internal performance targets only.

A summary of performance restricted stock award activity for 2018 is presented below:



	Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested balance at January 1, 2018	291,172		$	16.70
Granted	—		$	—
Vested	—		$	—
Forfeited	(49,292	)	$	16.62
Nonvested balance at December 31, 2018	241,880		$	16.71

As of December 31, 2018 , there was $2.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding performance restricted stock which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years.

Total Stockholder Return Restricted Stock Awards (“TSR Awards”)

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company granted total stockholder return (“TSR”) Awards that include a three -year market condition where the performance measurement period is three years. Vesting of the TSR Awards is based on the Company’s level of attainment of specified TSR targets relative to the percentage appreciation of a specified index of companies for the respective three -year period and is also subject to the continued employment of the grantees. The number of shares that are earned over the performance period ranges from 0% to 200% of the initial award. The fair value of these awards are based on a Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model with the following assumptions:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018
Expected volatility	84.3	%
Risk-free interest rate	2.4	%
Expected life (in years)	2.8
Expected dividend yield	—

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A summary of TSR Award activity for 2018 is presented below:



	Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested balance at January 1, 2018	—		$	—
Granted	206,896		$	22.76
Vested	—		$	—
Forfeited	(26,983	)	$	22.76
Nonvested balance at December 31, 2018	179,913		$	22.76

As of December 31, 2018, there was $3.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding performance restricted stock which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years.

Modifications

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized approximately $0.3 million and $1.3 million , respectively, of stock-based compensation expense associated with the modification of awards. The modification of these awards affected the vesting terms of the awards.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In April 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2017 ESPP”), which authorized the issuance of up to 250,000 shares of common stock thereunder. Under the terms of the 2017 ESPP, eligible U.S. employees can elect to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock through periodic payroll deductions during a series of six month offering periods, which will generally begin in March and September of each year. Purchases under the 2017 ESPP are effected on the last business day of each offering period at a 15% discount to the closing price on that day. The 2017 ESPP was implemented, subject to stockholder approval, on March 10, 2017, and the first purchases thereunder were made on September 13, 2017.

14 . Net Income Per Common Share

A summary of net income per common share is presented below:



	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2018		2017		2016
Net income	$	40,518	$	123,385	$	26,762

Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding	38,233		37,276		32,044
Effect of dilutive stock options	61		288		612
Effect of dilutive restricted stock	1,207		1,328		—
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding	39,501		38,892		32,656

Basic income per common share	$	1.06	$	3.31	$	0.84
Diluted income per common share	$	1.03	$	3.17	$	0.82

Antidilutive securities excluded from diluted net income per common share	424		604		1,563

15 . Commitments and Contingencies

Leases and Purchase Commitments

The Company leases certain buildings, hardware and office space under operating leases and equipment under capital leases. In addition, the Company has entered into purchasing arrangements in which minimum quantities of goods or services have been committed to be purchased on an annual basis.

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As of December 31, 2018 , future payments required under noncancelable lease agreements and purchase commitments are as follows:



(in thousands)	Amount
2019	$	2,264
2020	259
2021	238
2022	238
2023	238
2024 and thereafter	178
Total	$	3,415

Rent expense was $0.3 million , $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively.

The Company has entered into agreements which contain certain percentage volume purchase requirements. The Company has excluded these future purchase commitments from the table above since there are no minimum purchase commitments or payments under these agreements.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. In addition, the Company has in the past been, and may in the future be, subject to investigations by governmental and regulatory authorities, which expose it to greater risks associated with litigation, regulatory or other proceedings, as a result of which the Company could be required to pay significant fines or penalties. The costs and outcome of litigation, regulatory or other proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, and some lawsuits, claims, actions or proceedings may be disposed of unfavorably to the Company. In addition, intellectual property disputes often have a risk of injunctive relief which, if imposed against the Company, could materially and adversely affect its financial condition or results of operations.

The Company is currently in arbitration with Pharmalucence in connection with a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement dated November 12, 2013, under which Pharmalucence agreed to manufacture and supply DEFINITY for the Company. The commercial arrangement contemplated by that agreement was repeatedly delayed and ultimately never successfully realized. After extended settlement discussions between Sun Pharma, the ultimate parent of Pharmalucence, and the Company, which did not lead to a mutually acceptable outcome, on November 10, 2017, the Company filed an arbitration demand (and later an amended arbitration demand) with the American Arbitration Association against Pharmalucence, alleging breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, tortious misrepresentation and violation of the Massachusetts Consumer Protection Law, also known as Chapter 93A. The Company is seeking monetary damages but cannot predict the outcome of this dispute resolution proceeding and whether the Company will be able to obtain any financial recovery as a result of this proceeding.

As of December 31, 2018, except as disclosed above the Company had no material ongoing litigation in which the Company was a party. In addition, the Company had no material ongoing regulatory or other proceedings and no knowledge of any investigations by government or regulatory authorities in which the Company is a target, in either case that the Company believes could have a material and adverse effect on its current business.

16 . 401(k) Plan

The Company maintains a qualified 401(k) plan (the “401(k) Plan”) for its U.S. employees. The 401(k) Plan covers U.S. employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. Under the terms of the 401(k) Plan, the employees may elect to make tax-deferred contributions through payroll deductions within statutory and plan limits, and the Company may elect to make non-elective discretionary contributions. The Company may also make optional contributions to the 401(k) Plan for any plan year at its discretion.

Expense recognized by the Company for matching contributions made to the 401(k) Plan was $1.8 million , $1.8 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively.

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17 . Segment Informatio n

The Company reports two operating segments, U.S. and International, based on geographic customer base. The results of these operating segments are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, the President and Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s segments derive revenues through the manufacture, marketing, selling and distribution of medical imaging products, focused primarily on cardiovascular diagnostic imaging. All goodwill has been allocated to the U.S. operating segment. The Company does not identify or allocate assets to its segments.

Selected information regarding the Company’s segments are provided as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2018			2017			2016
Revenues from external customers
U.S.	$	288,580		$	290,002		$	257,420
International	54,794			41,376			44,433
Total revenues from external customers	$	343,374		$	331,378		$	301,853

Revenues by product
DEFINITY	$	183,073		$	157,268		$	131,612
TechneLite	98,858			104,644			99,217
Other	61,443			69,466			71,024
Total revenues	$	343,374		$	331,378		$	301,853

Geographical revenues
U.S.	$	288,580		$	290,002		$	257,420
All other	54,794			41,376			44,433
Total revenues	$	343,374		$	331,378		$	301,853

Operating income
U.S.	$	56,327		$	49,239		$	46,909
International	8,161			2,614			9,679
Operating income	64,488			51,853			56,588
Interest expense	17,405			18,410			26,618
Debt retirement costs	—			—			1,896
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			2,442			—
Other income	(2,465		)	(8,638		)	(220		)
Income before income taxes	$	49,548		$	39,639		$	28,294

Depreciation and amortization
U.S.	$	12,278		$	17,672		$	15,995
International	491			517			1,335
Total depreciation and amortization	$	12,769		$	18,189		$	17,330



	December 31,
(in thousands)	2018		2017
Long-lived assets
U.S.	$	106,755	$	91,537
International	1,133		1,462
Total long-lived assets	$	107,888	$	92,999

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18 . Valuation and Qualifying Accounts



(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Year		Charged to Income		Deductions from Reserves ⁽¹⁾			Other Adjustments			Balance at End of Year
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Year ended December 31, 2018	$	977	$	321	$	(179	)	$	—		$	1,119
Year ended December 31, 2017	$	969	$	136	$	(128	)	$	—		$	977
Year ended December 31, 2016	$	881	$	53	$	(30	)	$	65		$	969

Rebates and allowances
Year ended December 31, 2018	$	2,860	$	13,202	$	(11,047	)	$	(361	)	$	4,654
Year ended December 31, 2017	$	2,297	$	9,568	$	(8,351	)	$	(654	)	$	2,860
Year ended December 31, 2016	$	2,303	$	7,255	$	(6,809	)	$	(452	)	$	2,297

________________________________


(1)	Amounts charged to deductions from allowance for doubtful accounts represent the write-off of uncollectible balances and represent payments for rebates and allowances.

19 . Quarterly Consolidated Financial Data (Unaudited)

Summarized quarterly consolidated financial data is presented below:



	Quarterly Periods During the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues	$	82,630	$	85,573	$	88,900	$	86,271
Gross profit	$	42,309	$	43,846	$	44,885	$	43,845
Net income	$	8,211	$	9,745	$	9,269	$	13,293
Basic income per weighted-average share ^(b)	$	0.22	$	0.25	$	0.24	$	0.35
Diluted income per weighted-average share ^(b)	$	0.21	$	0.25	$	0.24	$	0.34

	Quarterly Periods During the Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues	$	81,359	$	88,837	$	79,941	$	81,241
Gross profit	$	39,762	$	45,947	$	38,527	$	37,899
Net income ^(a)	$	4,138	$	13,595	$	8,526	$	97,126
Basic income per weighted-average share ^(b)	$	0.11	$	0.37	$	0.23	$	2.58
Diluted income per weighted-average share ^(b)	$	0.11	$	0.35	$	0.22	$	2.47

________________________________


(a)	Net income for the fourth quarter of 2017 reflects the income tax benefit due to the release of the Company’s valuation allowance of $141.1 million against its deferred tax assets offset by a provision of $45.1 million for remeasuring the Company’s deferred tax assets for the change in tax rates enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.


(b)	Quarterly and annual computations are prepared independently. Accordingly, the sum of each quarter may not necessarily total the fiscal year period amounts noted elsewhere within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) were effective as of the period covered by this report.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 . In making its assessment of internal control over financial reporting, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2018 , our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

We do not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting in this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”). As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other regulatory requirements or up to five years that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include, among other matters:


▪	Exemption from the auditor attestation requirement on the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting;


▪	Exemption from compliance with any new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the issuer;


▪	Exemption from the requirement to seek non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation and golden parachute arrangements; and


▪	Reduced disclosure about executive compensation arrangements.

We will remain an emerging growth company until December 31, 2020 unless, prior to that time, we have (i) more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue, (ii) have a market value for our common stock held by non-affiliates of more than $700 million as of the last day of our second fiscal quarter of the fiscal year when a determination is made that we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, or (iii) issue more than $1 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period. As a result, we were not required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to, and report on, internal controls over financial reporting.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. There were no significant changes to our internal control over financial reporting due to the adoption of ASC 606.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Pursuant to Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we have adopted a code of conduct and ethics (our “Code of Conduct”) for all of our employees, including our CEO, CFO and other senior financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and each of the non-employee directors on our Board of Directors. Our Code of Conduct is currently available on our website, www.lantheus.com. The information on our web site is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We intend to provide any required disclosure of any amendment to or waiver from such code that applies to our CEO, CFO and other senior financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC.

The additional information required with respect to this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the close of our year ended December 31, 2018 .

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)(1) Financial Statements

The following consolidated financial statements of Lantheus Holdings, Inc. are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data:



	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	66
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017	67
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	68
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	69
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	70
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	71
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	73

(a)(2) Schedules

All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

(a)(3) Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX



		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibits	Form	File Number	Exhibit	Filing Date
2.1†	Amended and Restated Asset Purchase Agreement, effective January 7, 2016, by and between Lantheus MI Canada, Inc. and Isologic Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals Ltd.	10-Q/A	001-36569	2.1	August 25, 2016
2.2†	Share Purchase Agreement, effective August 11, 2016, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Global Medical Solutions, Ltd.	10-Q	001-36569	10.1	November 1, 2016
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Lantheus Holdings, Inc.	8-K	001-36569	3.1	April 27, 2018
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Lantheus Holdings, Inc.	8-K	001-36569	3.2	April 27, 2018
4.1	Common Stock Certificate.	8-K	001-36569	4.1	June 30, 2015
10.4†	Sales Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2009, between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and NTP Radioisotopes (Pty) Ltd.	S-4	333-169785	10.9	December 23, 2010
10.5†	Amendment No. 1 to Sales Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2010, between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and NTP Radioisotopes (Pty) Ltd.	S-4	333-169785	10.10	December 1, 2010
10.6†	Amendment No. 2 to Sales Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2010, between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and NTP Radioisotopes (Pty) Ltd.	10-Q	333-169785	10.1	May 13, 2011
10.9†	Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Supply Agreement (Thallium and Generators), dated as of December 29, 2009 between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Cardinal Health 414, LLC.	S-4	333-169785	10.26	December 1, 2010
10.10†	Amended and Restated Supply Agreement (Thallium and Generators), dated October 1, 2004, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Cardinal Health 414, LLC.	S-4	333-169785	10.14	December 23, 2010
10.11†	Distribution Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2001, by and between Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company (now known as Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc.) and Medi-Physics Inc., doing business as Amersham Health.	S-4	333-169785	10.16	December 29, 2010
10.12†	First Amendment to Distribution Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2005, by and between Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, Inc. (formerly known as Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company and now known as Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc.) and Medi-Physics Inc., doing business as G.E. Healthcare.	S-4	333-169785	10.17	December 1, 2010
10.13+	Lantheus Holdings, Inc. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan.	S-4	333-169785	10.18	October 6, 2010
10.14+	Amendment No. 1 to Lantheus Holdings, Inc. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan.	S-4	333-169785	10.19	October 6, 2010

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		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibits	Form	File Number	Exhibit	Filing Date
10.15+	Amendment No. 2 to Lantheus Holdings, Inc. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan.	S-4	333-169785	10.20	October 6, 2010
10.16+	Form of Option Grant Award Agreement.	S-4	333-169785	10.21	October 6, 2010
10.17+	Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. Severance Plan Policy.	S-4	333-169785	10.24	October 6, 2010
10.18†	Second Amendment, effective as of January 1, 2012, to the Distribution Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2001, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc., formerly known as Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, Inc., and Medi-Physics, Inc., doing business as G.E. Healthcare Inc.	10-Q	333-169785	10.1	May 15, 2012
10.19†	Manufacturing and Supply Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2012, for the manufacture of DEFINITY® by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Jubilant HollisterStier LLC.	10-Q	333-169785	10.2	May 15, 2012
10.20†	First Amendment to Manufacturing and Supply Agreement, dated as of May 3, 2012, for the manufacture of DEFINITY® by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Jubilant HollisterStier LLC.	10-Q	333-169785	10.1	August 14, 2012
10.22†	Amendment No. 3, effective as of October 1, 2012, to Sales Agreement between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and NTP Radioisotopes (Pty) Ltd.	10-Q	001-36569	10.53	May 2, 2018
10.23†	Amendment No. 2, effective as of December 27, 2012, to the Amended and Restated Supply Agreement (Thallium and Generators) between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Cardinal Health 414, LLC.	10-K	333-169785	10.54	March 29, 2013
10.25†	Fission Mo-99 Supply Agreement, effective January 1, 2013, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and the Institut National des Radioelements.	10-Q	333-169785	10.1	May 10, 2013
10.26+	Lantheus Holdings, Inc. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan.	8-K	333-169785	10.1	May 6, 2013
10.27+	Form of Employee Option Grant Award Agreement.	8-K	333-169785	10.2	May 6, 2013
10.28+	Form of Non-Employee Director Option Grant Award Agreement.	8-K	333-169785	10.3	May 6, 2013
10.33+	Employment Agreement, effective August 12, 2013, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Cesare Orlandi.	10-K	333-169785	10.48	March 11, 2014
10.37+	2015 Equity Incentive Plan of Lantheus Holdings, Inc.	S-1	333-196998	10.37	June 24, 2015
10.38+	Form of 2015 Restricted Stock Agreement of Lantheus Holdings, Inc.	S-1	333-196998	10.38	June 24, 2015
10.39+	Form of 2015 Option Award Agreement of Lantheus Holdings, Inc.	S-1	333-196998	10.39	June 24, 2015
10.40+	Form of Amendment to the Lantheus Holdings, Inc. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan.	S-1	333-196998	10.40	June 24, 2015
10.41+	Form of Amendment to the Lantheus Holdings, Inc. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan.	S-1	333-196998	10.41	June 24, 2015
10.42+	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, effective March 16, 2015, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Mary Anne Heino.	10-Q	333-169785	10.1	May 5, 2015
10.47	Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2015, among Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc., as borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and collateral agent, each of the lenders party thereto and Lantheus Holdings, Inc. and Lantheus MI Real Estate, LLC, each as guarantors in respect thereto.	8-K	001-36569	10.5	June 30, 2015
10.49+	Amendment, dated June 25, 2015, to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, effective March 16, 2015, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Mary Anne Heino.	8-K	001-36569	10.7	June 30, 2015
10.50+	Amendment, dated June 25, 2015, to the Employment Agreement, dated August 12, 2013, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Cesare Orlandi.	8-K	001-36569	10.8	June 30, 2015
10.52+	Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated August 31, 2015, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Mary Anne Heino.	10-Q	001-36569	10.2	November 4, 2015
10.53†	Term Sheet for Supply Agreement, dated November 19, 2015, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Cardinal Health 414, LLC.	10-K	001-36569	10.53	March 2, 2016
10.57+	Amendment to Lantheus Holdings, Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.	8-K	001-36569	10.1	April 28, 2016
10.58†	Second Amendment, effective September 2, 2016, to the Manufacturing and Supply Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2012 and amended on May 3, 2012, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Jubilant HollisterStier LLC.	10-Q	001-36569	10.2	November 1, 2016
10.59+	Second Amendment to Lantheus Holdings, Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan	8-K	001-36569	10.1	April 28, 2017
10.60+	Lantheus Holdings, Inc. 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan	8-K	001-36569	10.2	April 28, 2017
10.61	Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2017, by and among JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, each of the lenders from time to time party thereto, Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc., as borrower, and Lantheus Holdings, Inc.	10-Q	001-36569	10.1	May 2, 2017

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		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibits	Form	File Number	Exhibit	Filing Date
10.62†	Collaboration and License Agreement by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and GE Healthcare Limited dated April 25, 2017.	10-Q	001-36569	10.1	August 1, 2017
10.63†	Amended and Restated Supply Agreement, dated as of April 25, 2017, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Medi-Physics Inc., doing business as GE Healthcare.	10-Q	001-36569	10.2	August 1, 2017
10.64†	Term Sheet for Supply Agreement, dated as of October 30, 2017, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Cardinal Health 414, LLC.	10-K	001-36569	10.64	February 7, 2018
10.65†	Amendment No. 4 to Sales Agreement, dated as of December 29, 2017, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and NTP Radioisotopes (SOC) Ltd.	10-K	001-36569	10.65	February 7, 2018
10.66	Separation Agreement, effective September 20, 2018, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Timothy Healey	10-Q	001-36569	10.1	October 30, 2018
10.67	Separation Agreement, effective September 21, 2018, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Jack Crowley	10-Q	001-36569	10.2	October 30, 2018
10.68*+	Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, effective January 25, 2019, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Mary Anne Heino.
10.69*+	Employment Agreement dated as of November 22, 2013, by and between Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. and Michael Duffy.
10.70*+	Form of Severance Agreement (executives with existing employment agreements).
10.71*+	Form of Severance Agreement (executives without existing employment agreements).
21.1*	Subsidiaries of Lantheus Holdings, Inc.
23.1*	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
24.1*	Power of Attorney (included as part of the signature page hereto).
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
32.1**	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation

________________________________


*	Filed herewith.


**	Furnished herewith.


+	Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.


†	Confidential treatment requested as to certain portions, which portions have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

101

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



LANTHEUS HOLDINGS, INC.

By:	/S/ MARY ANNE HEINO
Name:	Mary Anne Heino
Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
Date:	February 20, 2019

We, the undersigned directors and officers of Lantheus Holdings, Inc., hereby severally constitute and appoint Mary Anne Heino, Robert J. Marshall, Jr. and Michael P. Duffy, and each of them individually, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, our true and lawful attorneys, with full powers to them and each of them to sign for us, in our names and in the capacities indicated below, any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that any such attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.



Signature	Title	Date

/S/ MARY ANNE HEINO	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	February 20, 2019
Mary Anne Heino

/S/ ROBERT J. MARSHALL, JR.	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 20, 2019
Robert J. Marshall, Jr.

/S/ BRIAN MARKISON	Chairman of the Board of Directors	February 20, 2019
Brian Markison	Chairman of the Board of Directors

/S/ JAMES C. CLEMMER	Director	February 20, 2019
James C. Clemmer	Director

/S/ SAMUEL R. LENO	Director	February 20, 2019
Samuel R. Leno	Director

/S/ JULIE H. MCHUGH	Director	February 20, 2019
Julie H. McHugh	Director

/S/ GARY J. PRUDEN	Director	February 20, 2019
Gary J. Pruden	Director

/S/ KENNETH J. PUCEL	Director	February 20, 2019
Kenneth J. Pucel	Director

/S/ DR. FREDERICK A. ROBERTSON	Director	February 20, 2019
Dr. Frederick A. Robertson	Director

/S/ DR. DERACE L. SCHAFFER	Director	February 20, 2019
Dr. Derace L. Schaffer	Director

/S/ DR. JAMES H. THRALL	Director	February 20, 2019
Dr. James H. Thrall	Director

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Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services Part IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Item 16. Form 10-k Summary

Exhibits

LNTH 10-K Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2018

Exhibits