LPLA 10-Q Quarterly Report June 30, 2017 | Alphaminr
LPL Financial Holdings Inc.
ALPHAMINR

LPLA 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2017

Balance Sheet
Cash Flow
Income Statement
Debt
LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC.
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
or
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to
Commission File Number: 001-34963
LPL Financial Holdings Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
20-3717839
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
Identification No.)
75 State Street, Boston, MA 02109
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(617) 423-3644
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes x No
The number of shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of July 25, 2017 was 89,974,870 .


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We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, U.S.A. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public from the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov .
On our internet site, http://www.lpl.com , we post the following filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC: our annual reports on Form 10-K, our proxy statements, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Hard copies of all such filings are available free of charge by request via email ( investor.relations@lpl.com ), telephone (617) 897-4574, or mail (LPL Financial Investor Relations at 75 State Street, 22nd Floor, Boston, MA 02109). The information contained or incorporated on our website is not a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
When we use the terms “LPLFH”, “we”, “us”, “our”, and the “Company”, we mean LPL Financial Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, taken as a whole, unless the context otherwise indicates.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements in Item 2 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q regarding the Company’s future financial and operating results, outlook, growth, plans, business strategies, liquidity, future indebtedness, future share repurchases, and future dividends, including statements regarding future resolution of regulatory matters, legal proceedings and related costs, future revenues and expenses, and projected savings and anticipated improvements to the Company’s operating model, services, and technologies as a result of its initiatives and programs, as well as any other statements that are not related to present facts or current conditions or that are not purely historical, constitute forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s historical performance and its plans, estimates, and expectations as of August 1, 2017 . The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “plans,” “predicts,” “will,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees that the future results, plans, intentions, or expectations expressed or implied by the Company will be achieved. Matters subject to forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including economic, legislative, regulatory, competitive, and other factors, which may cause actual financial or operating results, levels of activity, or the timing of events, to be materially different than those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include: changes in general economic and financial market conditions, including retail investor sentiment; fluctuations in the value of brokerage and advisory assets; fluctuations in levels of net new assets and the related impact on fee revenue; fluctuations in the number of retail investors served by the Company; effects of competition in the financial services industry; changes in the number of the Company’s financial advisors and institutions, and their ability to market effectively financial products and services; the success of the Company in attracting and retaining financial advisors and institutions; changes in interest rates and fees payable by banks participating in the Company’s cash sweep program, including the Company’s success in negotiating agreements with current or additional counterparties; the Company’s strategy in managing cash sweep program fees; changes in the growth and profitability of the Company’s fee-based business; the effect of current, pending, and future legislation, regulation, and regulatory actions, including the United States Department of Labor (“DOL”) final rule on conflicts of interest (Definition of the term “Fiduciary”; Conflict of Interest Rule—Retirement Investment Advice, the “DOL Rule”), which became applicable on June 9, 2017, and disciplinary actions imposed by federal and state regulators and self-regulatory organizations; the costs of settling and remediating issues related to pending or future regulatory matters or legal proceedings; changes made to the Company’s offerings and services in response to current, pending, and future legislation, regulation, and regulatory actions, including the DOL Rule, and the effect that such changes may have on the Company’s gross profit streams and costs; execution of the Company’s capital management plans, including its compliance with the terms of its credit agreement and the indenture governing its senior notes; the price, the availability of shares, and trading volumes of the Company’s common stock, which will affect the timing and size of future share repurchases by the Company; execution of the Company’s plans and its success in realizing the expense savings and service improvements and efficiencies expected to result from its initiatives and programs, particularly its expense plans and technological initiatives; the Company’s success in negotiating and developing commercial arrangements with third-party services providers; the performance of third-

ii

party service providers to which business processes are transitioned; the Company’s ability to control operating risks, information technology systems risks, cybersecurity risks, and sourcing risks; and the other factors set forth in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as may be amended or updated in the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of developments occurring after the date of this quarterly report, even if its estimates change, and you should not rely on statements contained herein as representing the Company’s views as of any date subsequent to the date of this quarterly report.

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Business Overview
We are a leader in the retail financial advice market, the nation’s largest independent broker-dealer (based on total revenues, Financial Planning magazine June 1996-2017), a top custodian for registered investment advisors (“RIAs”), and a leading independent consultant to retirement plans. We provide an integrated platform of brokerage and investment advisory services to more than 14,000 independent financial advisors (our “advisors”), including financial advisors at more than 700 financial institutions across the country, enabling them to provide their retail investors (“clients”) with objective financial advice through a lower conflict model. We also support approximately 3,700 financial advisors who are affiliated and licensed with insurance companies that use our customized clearing, advisory platforms, and technology solutions.
Through our advisors, we are one of the largest distributors of financial products and services in the United States, and we believe we are one of the top five firms in the United States ranked by number of advisors.
We believe that objective financial guidance is a fundamental need for everyone. We enable our advisors to focus on what they do best—create the personal, long-term relationships that are the foundation for turning life’s aspirations into financial realities. We do that through a singular focus on providing our advisors with the front-, middle-, and back-office support they need to serve the large and growing market for independent investment advice. We believe that LPL Financial LLC, our broker-dealer subsidiary (“LPL Financial”), is the only company that offers advisors the unique combination of an integrated technology platform, comprehensive self-clearing services, and open architecture access to a wide range of non-proprietary products, all delivered in an environment unencumbered by conflicts from product manufacturing, underwriting, and market-making.
We believe investors achieve better outcomes when working with a financial advisor. LPL Financial strives to make it easy for advisors to do what is best for their clients, while protecting advisors and investors and promoting independence and choice through access to a wide range of diligently evaluated non-proprietary products.
Executive Summary
Net Income
Results for the second quarter of 2017 included net income of $68.4 million or $0.74 per share, which compares to $47.8 million , or $0.53 per share, in the second quarter of 2016 . Increased cash sweep revenue, advisory fee revenue and transaction and fee revenue all contributed to the earnings per share growth.
Asset Growth Trends
Total assets served were $542.0 billion as of June 30, 2017 , up 11.1% from $488.0 billion as of June 30, 2016 . Total net new assets were $0.4 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017 , compared to $1.3 billion for the same period in 2016 .
Net new advisory assets were $5.9 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017 , compared to $2.8 billion in the same period in 2016 . As of June 30, 2017 , our advisory assets had grown to $236.8 billion from the prior year end balance of $196.1 billion and represented 43.7% of total brokerage and advisory assets served. In addition to our corporate RIA platform, we offer a platform that serves independent RIA firms that conduct their advisory business through separate entities (“Hybrid RIAs”) operating pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”) or their respective states’ investment advisory licensing rules, rather than through LPL Financial. We include Hybrid RIA assets in advisory accounts custodied at LPL Financial in our brokerage and advisory assets, advisory assets, and net new advisory asset metrics.
Net new brokerage assets totaled outflows of $5.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017 , compared to outflows of $1.5 billion for the same period in 2016 . The decrease in net new brokerage assets primarily reflected the impact of client departures during the quarter. As of June 30, 2017 , our brokerage assets had grown to $305.2 billion from $291.9 billion as of June 30, 2016 .
Gross Profit Trends
Gross profit, a non-GAAP measure, of $388.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 , reflected an increase of 12.7% in comparison to $344.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2016 . Management presents gross profit, which is calculated as net revenues less commission and advisory expenses and brokerage, clearing, and exchange fees, because we believe that measure may be useful to investors in evaluating the Company’s core

1

operating performance before indirect costs that are general and administrative in nature. See footnote 9 to the Financial Metrics table within the “How We Evaluate Our Business” section for additional information on gross profit. The increase in period-over-period gross profit was primarily due to increases in cash sweep revenue from the impact of the increases in the target range for the federal funds effective rate announced in each of March and June 2017, increases in advisory revenues resulting from net new assets and market gains as represented by higher levels of the S&P 500 index.
Capital Management Activity
We returned $58.8 million of capital to shareholders during the three months ended June 30, 2017 , including $22.6 million of dividends and $36.2 million of share repurchases (representing 910,349 shares).
Our Sources of Revenue
Our revenues are derived primarily from fees and commissions from products and advisory services offered by our advisors to their clients, a substantial portion of which we pay out to our advisors, as well as fees we receive from our advisors for the use of our technology, custody, clearing, trust, and reporting platforms. We also generate asset-based revenues through our cash sweep program and the access we provide to over 750 product providers with the following product lines:
• Alternative Investments
• Retirement Plan Products
• Annuities
• Separately Managed Accounts
• Exchange Traded Products
• Structured Products
• Insurance Based Products
• Unit Investment Trusts
• Mutual Funds
Under our self-clearing platform, we custody the majority of client assets invested in these financial products, for which we provide statements, transaction processing, and ongoing account management. In return for these services, mutual funds, insurance companies, banks, and other financial product manufacturers pay us fees based on asset levels or number of accounts managed. We also earn interest from margin loans made to our advisors’ clients.
We track recurring revenue, a characterization of net revenue and a statistical measure, which we define to include our revenues from asset-based fees, advisory fees, trailing commissions, cash sweep programs, and certain other fees that are based upon client accounts and advisors. Because certain recurring revenues are associated with asset balances, they will fluctuate depending on the market values and current interest rates. Accordingly, our recurring revenue can be negatively impacted by adverse external market conditions. However, recurring revenue is meaningful to us despite these fluctuations because it is not dependent upon transaction volumes or other activity-based revenues, which are more difficult to predict, particularly in declining or volatile markets.

2

The table below summarizes the sources and drivers of our revenue:
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Sources of Revenue
Primary Drivers
Net Revenues
(millions)
% of Total Net Revenue
Recurring Revenues
(millions)
% Recurring
Advisor-driven revenue with ~85%-90% payout ratio
Commission
- Sales
- Transactions
- Brokerage asset levels
$842
40%
$473
56.2%
Advisory
- Corporate advisory asset levels
$676
32%
$673
99.6%
Attachment revenue
retained by us
Asset-Based
- Cash Sweep Fees
- Sponsorship Fees
- Record Keeping
- Cash balances
- Interest rates
- Number of accounts
- Client asset levels

$331
16%
$325
98.2%
Transaction and Fee
- Trades
- Client (Investor) Accounts
- Advisor Seat and Technology
- Client activity
- Number of clients
- Number of advisors
- Number of accounts
- Premium technology subscribers
$218
10%
$125
57.3%
Other
- Margin accounts
- Alternative investment transactions
$34
2%
$13
38.2%
Total
$2,101
100%
$1,609
76.6%
We regularly review various aspects of our operations and service offerings, including our policies, procedures, and platforms, in response to marketplace developments. We currently expect to implement changes to aspects of our operations and service offerings in order to position our advisors for long-term growth and to align with competitive and regulatory developments. For example, we regularly review the structure and fees of our advisory programs, including related disclosures, in the context of the changing regulatory environment for retirement accounts.

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How We Evaluate Our Business
We focus on several key operating and financial metrics in evaluating the success of our business relationships and our resulting financial position and operating performance. Our key operating and financial metrics are as follows:
June 30,
Operating Metrics
2017
2016
% Change
Brokerage Assets (in billions)(1)(2)
$
305.2

$
291.9

5
%
Advisory Assets (in billions)(1)(3)
236.8

196.1

21
%
Total Brokerage and Advisory Assets served(in billions)(1)
$
542.0

$
488.0

11
%


Net New Brokerage Assets (in billions)(4)
$
(8.9
)
$
(2.5
)
n/m

Net New Advisory Assets (in billions)(5)
11.9

4.8

n/m

Total Brokerage and Advisory Net New Assets (in billions)(6)
$
3.0

$
2.3

n/m

Insured Cash Account Balances (in billions)(1)
$
20.8

$
21.0

(1
)%
Deposit Cash Account Balances (in billions)(1)
3.7

—

n/m

Money Market Account Balances (in billions)(1)
3.3

8.2

(60
)%
Total Cash Sweep Balances
$
27.8


$
29.2

(5
)%
Advisors(7)
14,256

14,193

—
%
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
Financial Metrics
2017
2016
2017
2016
Total net revenues (in millions)
$
1,065.5

$
1,019.2

$
2,100.9

$
2,024.5

Total net revenues increase (decrease) from prior period
4.5
%
(6.6
)%
3.8
%
(8.0
)%
Recurring revenue as a % of net revenue
77.3
%
73.8
%
76.6
%
73.8
%
Pre-tax income (in millions)
$
112.8

$
79.7

$
188.0

$
164.3

Net income (in millions)
$
68.4

$
47.8

$
116.6

$
98.2

Earnings per share, diluted
$
0.74

$
0.53

$
1.27

$
1.10

Non-GAAP Measures:(8)
Gross profit (in millions)(9)
$
388.6

$
344.9

$
764.7

$
700.6

Gross profit growth from prior period(9)
12.7
%
1.4
%
9.2
%
0.7
%
Gross profit as a % of net revenue(9)
36.5
%
33.8
%
36.4
%
34.6
%
_______________________________
(1)
Brokerage and advisory assets served are comprised of assets that are custodied, networked, and non-networked and reflect market movement in addition to new assets, inclusive of new business development and net of attrition. Insured cash account balances, money market account balances, and beginning in July 2016, deposit cash account balances are also included in brokerage and advisory assets served. Set forth below are other client asset balances at June 30, 2017 and 2016 , including retirement plan assets and certain trust and high-net-worth assets that are custodied with third-party providers and therefore excluded from total brokerage and advisory assets served (in billions):
June 30,
2017
2016
Retirement plan assets(a)
$
100.7

$
87.2

Trust assets
$
1.6

$
1.0

High-net-worth assets
$
87.2

$
88.0

_____________________________
(a)
Retirement plan assets are held in retirement plans that are supported by advisors licensed with LPL Financial. Our retirement plan assets represent those assets that are custodied with various third-party providers of retirement plan administrative services who provide reporting feeds. Including those plans

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for which we receive no reporting feed, we estimate the total assets in retirement plans supported to be approximately $138 billion at June 30, 2017 . If we receive reporting feeds in the future from providers from whom we do not currently receive feeds, we intend to include and identify such additional assets in this metric. Such additional feeds since June 30, 2016 , accounted for $0.3 billion of the total retirement plan assets.
(2)
Brokerage assets consists of assets serviced by advisors licensed with LPL Financial that are custodied, networked, and non-networked, and reflect market movement in addition to new assets, inclusive of new business development and net of attrition.
(3)
Advisory assets consists of advisory assets under management on LPL Financial’s corporate advisory platform and Hybrid RIA assets in advisory accounts custodied at LPL Financial. See “Results of Operations” for a tabular presentation of advisory assets.
(4)
Represents net new brokerage assets for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , which consists of total client deposits into brokerage accounts less total client withdrawals from brokerage accounts. We consider conversions from and to advisory accounts as deposits and withdrawals, respectively.
(5)
Represents net new advisory assets for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , which consists of total client deposits into custodied advisory accounts less total client withdrawals from custodied advisory accounts. We consider conversions from and to brokerage accounts as deposits and withdrawals, respectively.
(6)
Brokerage and advisory net new assets consists of the sum of net new advisory assets (see FN 5) and net new brokerage assets (see FN 4).
(7)
Advisors are defined as those independent financial advisors and financial advisors at financial institutions who are licensed to do business with LPL Financial.
(7)
Our management believes that presenting certain non-GAAP measures by excluding or including certain items can be helpful to investors and analysts who may wish to use some or all of this information to analyze our current performance, prospects, and valuation. Our management uses this non-GAAP information internally to evaluate operating performance and in formulating the budget for future periods. Our management believes that the non-GAAP measures and metrics discussed below are appropriate for evaluating the performance of the Company.
(8)
Gross profit is calculated as net revenues, which were $1,065.5 million and $1,019.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, less commission and advisory expenses, which were $663.0 million and $660.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, and brokerage, clearing, and exchange fees, which were $13.9 million and $13.6 million , for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , is calculated as net revenues, which were $2,100.9 million and $2,024.5 million , respectively, less commission and advisory expenses, which were $1,308.1 million and $1,296.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, and brokerage, clearing, and exchange fees, which were $28.1 million and $27.2 million , for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. All other expense categories, including depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and amortization of intangible assets, are considered general and administrative in nature. Because our gross profit amounts do not include any depreciation and amortization expense, we consider our gross profit amounts to be non-GAAP measures that may not be comparable to those of others in our industry. We believe that gross profit amounts can be useful to investors because they show the Company’s core operating performance before indirect costs that are general and administrative in nature .
Legal & Regulatory Matters
As a regulated entity, we are subject to regulatory oversight and inquiries related to, among other items, our compliance and supervisory systems and procedures and other controls, as well as our disclosures, supervision, and reporting. The environment of additional regulation, increased regulatory compliance obligations, and enhanced regulatory enforcement has resulted in additional operational and compliance costs, as well as increased costs in the form of fines, restitution, and remediation related to regulatory matters. In the ordinary course of business, we periodically identify or become aware of purported inadequacies, deficiencies, and other issues. It is our policy to evaluate these matters for potential securities law or regulatory violations and other potential compliance issues. It is also our policy to self-report known violations and issues as required by applicable law and regulation. When deemed probable that matters may result in financial losses, we accrue for those losses based on an estimate of possible fines, customer restitution, and losses related to the repurchase of sold securities and other losses, as applicable. Certain regulatory and other legal claims and losses may be covered through our wholly-owned captive

5

insurance subsidiary, which is chartered with the insurance commissioner in the State of Tennessee. Our ability to estimate such costs may vary based on the current stage of evaluation and status of discussion with regulators, as applicable.
Our accruals, including those established through the captive insurance subsidiary at June 30, 2017 , include estimated costs for significant regulatory matters, generally relating to the adequacy of our compliance and supervisory systems and procedures and other controls, for which we believe losses are both probable and reasonably estimable.
The outcome of regulatory matters could result in legal liability, regulatory fines, or monetary penalties in excess of our accruals and insurance, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. For more information on management’s loss contingency policies, see Note 7 . Commitments and Contingencies , within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In April 2016, the United States Department of Labor issued a final rule (the “DOL Rule”) and related exemptions, which broaden the circumstances under which we may be considered a “fiduciary” with respect to certain accounts that are subject to the ERISA, and the prohibited transaction rules under section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, including many employer-sponsored retirement plans and individual retirement accounts ("IRAs"). The DOL also finalized certain prohibited transaction exemptions that allow investment advisors to receive compensation for providing investment advice under arrangements that would otherwise be prohibited due to conflicts of interest. The DOL Rule became applicable on June 9, 2017 and the full implementation date for conditions under related exemptions currently is January 1, 2018. We are continuing to analyze and evaluate the impact of the DOL Rule and related amendments to exemptions on our clients, potential clients, and our business, as the DOL Rule and exemption requirements become applicable. Because ERISA plans and IRAs comprise a significant portion of our business, we continue to expect that compliance with the DOL Rule and reliance on new and amended prohibited transaction exemptions will require increased legal, compliance, information technology, and other costs and could lead to a greater risk of class action lawsuits and other litigation. Please consult the Retirement Plan Services Regulation section within Part I, “Item 1. Business” within our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC for more information about the risks associated with the DOL Rule and related exemptions and their potential impact on our operations.
Acquisitions, Integrations, and Divestitures
From time to time we undertake acquisitions or divestitures based on opportunities in the competitive landscape. These activities are part of our overall growth strategy, but can distort comparability when reviewing revenue and expense trends for periods presented. There have been no material acquisitions, integrations, or divestitures during the six months ended June 30, 2017 or during the six months ended June 30, 2016 .

6

Economic Overview and Impact of Financial Market Events
Our business is directly and indirectly sensitive to several macroeconomic factors and the state of the United States financial markets. In the United States, economic data received over the quarter continued to point to fairly steady economic growth over the first half of 2017 despite some slowing in the first quarter. According to the most recent estimate by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, real gross domestic product (“GDP”) growth accelerated to 2.6% in the second quarter of 2017 from 1.2% in the first quarter of 2017, putting the overall growth rate over the last four quarters at 2.1%. A largely healthy labor market, generally steady consumer spending, signs of improved business investment, and still low interest rates have all been supportive of growth. Despite little notable improvement in hard economic data compared to the prior year as a whole, business and consumer confidence remains elevated, likely driven by prospective business-friendly policy and regulatory changes. Improving global growth may also provide a more favorable backdrop for the U.S., with stable growth momentum evident in most major global economies. While a prospective rise in U.S. economic growth to 2 - 3% on improving confidence and a stronger global economy may seem modest by historical standards, it would still be above the Congressional Budget Office’s estimate of potential GDP growth, and therefore could be enough to further tighten the labor market, push wages higher, and increase the probability of the Federal Reserve (“Fed”) following through on its median projected rate path of one more rate hike in 2017 and three more rate hikes in 2018.
Equity markets exhibited relatively low volatility over the second quarter of 2017 and broad measures of financial stress continued to decline. The S&P 500 extended its post-election rally during the quarter, posting modest gains. Strong first quarter earnings results helped support stock prices. The energy sector, however, struggled, weighed down by declining oil prices. Longer-term Treasury yields declined over the quarter despite a late quarter pick up, giving a small advantage to higher-yielding, longer-maturity bonds, with stable financial conditions helping more economically sensitive fixed income sectors generally outperform higher quality sectors.
Our business is also sensitive to current and expected short-term interest rates, which are largely driven by Federal Reserve policy. In particular, low short-term rates can weigh on the profitability of our cash sweep program due to the fee compression needed to keep our rates competitive. Low interest rates and the prospect of rising rates over the long term can also have an impact on demand for fixed and variable annuity products. Following the conclusion of its June 13 -14, 2017 policy meeting, the Fed’s policy arm, the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) announced that it was raising rates for the third time in the last six months, increasing the target range for the federal funds rate by 25 basis points (0.25%) to 1.00 -1.25%. The FOMC's policy statement also included a new addendum that outlined the committee's plan to begin gradually reducing the Fed's security holding, likely beginning later in 2017. Economic projections that accompanied the statement saw a slight increase in the median GDP estimate for 2017 and a decline in both the expected 2017 unemployment rate and inflation rate compared to the last set of projections, released in March. Median longer range forecasts were largely unchanged. Despite a limited change in forecasts, the decision to raise rates appeared to be at least a modest vote of confidence that the economy has continued to gain traction .

7

Results of Operations
The following discussion presents an analysis of our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 . Where appropriate, we have identified specific events and changes that affect comparability or trends, and where possible and practical, have quantified the impact of such items.
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
% Change
2017
2016
% Change
Revenues
(In thousands)
Commission
$
420,706

$
445,755

(5.6
)%
$
841,870

$
882,482

(4.6
)%
Advisory
346,515

322,955

7.3
%
676,374

642,387

5.3
%
Asset-based
173,450

137,797

25.9
%
330,673

274,048

20.7
%
Transaction and fee
109,361

101,824

7.4
%
217,523

204,514

6.4
%
Interest income, net of interest expense
5,976

5,238

14.1
%
11,769

10,568

11.4
%
Other
9,496

5,612

69.2
%
22,722

10,487

116.7
%
Total net revenues
1,065,504

1,019,181

4.5
%
2,100,931

2,024,486

3.8
%
Expenses

Commission and advisory
663,046

660,680

0.4
%
1,308,109

1,296,691

0.9
%
Compensation and benefits
110,299

105,773

4.3
%
223,511

219,828

1.7
%
Promotional
32,006

34,717

(7.8
)%
68,660

70,401

(2.5
)%
Depreciation and amortization
21,190

18,749

13.0
%
41,937

37,711

11.2
%
Amortization of intangible assets
9,453

9,509

(0.6
)%
18,944

19,034

(0.5
)%
Occupancy and equipment
22,987

21,980

4.6
%
48,186

43,817

10.0
%
Professional services
18,757

14,984

25.2
%
34,294

32,139

6.7
%
Brokerage, clearing, and exchange
13,890

13,609

2.1
%
28,076

27,198

3.2
%
Communications and data processing
10,645

10,971

(3.0
)%
21,659

21,468

0.9
%
Other
24,201

24,656

(1.8
)%
46,764

44,156

5.9
%
Total operating expenses
926,474

915,628

1.2
%
1,840,140

1,812,443

1.5
%
Non-operating interest expense
26,261

23,804

10.3
%
51,612

47,694

8.2
%
Loss on extinguishment of debt
—

—

n/m

21,139

—

n/m

Income before provision for income taxes
112,769

79,749

41.4
%
188,040

164,349

14.4
%
Provision for income taxes
44,335

31,900

39.0
%
71,417

66,108

8.0
%
Net income
$
68,434

$
47,849

43.0
%
$
116,623

$
98,241

18.7
%

8

Revenues
Commission Revenues
We generate two types of commission revenues: sales-based commissions and trailing commissions. Sales-based commission revenues, which occur whenever clients of our advisors trade securities or purchase various types of investment products, primarily represent gross commissions generated by our advisors. The levels of sales-based commission revenues can vary from period to period based on the overall economic environment, number of trading days in the reporting period, and investment activity of our advisors’ clients. Trailing commission revenues are recurring in nature and are earned based on the market value of investment holdings in trail eligible assets. We earn trailing commission revenues (a commission that is paid over time, such as 12(b)-1 fees) primarily on mutual funds and variable annuities held by clients of our advisors.
The following table sets forth our commission revenue, by product category, included in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
$ Change
% Change
Variable annuities
$
167,454

$
173,421

$
(5,967
)
(3.4
)%
Mutual funds
134,510

135,770

(1,260
)
(0.9
)%
Alternative investments
6,719

9,098

(2,379
)
(26.1
)%
Fixed annuities
39,560

53,623

(14,063
)
(26.2
)%
Equities
18,799

20,706

(1,907
)
(9.2
)%
Fixed income
26,256

21,279

4,977

23.4
%
Insurance
16,294

19,980

(3,686
)
(18.4
)%
Group annuities
11,000

11,686

(686
)
(5.9
)%
Other
114

192

(78
)
(40.6
)%
Total commission revenue
$
420,706

$
445,755

$
(25,049
)
(5.6
)%

9

The following table sets forth our commission revenue, by sales-based and trailing commission revenue (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
$ Change
% Change

Sales-based




Variable annuities
$
53,032

$
64,987

$
(11,955
)
(18.4
)%
Mutual funds
34,909

38,223

(3,314
)
(8.7
)%
Alternative investments
3,645

7,002

(3,357
)
(47.9
)%
Fixed annuities
34,931

50,970

(16,039
)
(31.5
)%
Equities
18,799

20,706

(1,907
)
(9.2
)%
Fixed income
20,501

16,288

4,213

25.9
%
Insurance
14,861

18,595

(3,734
)
(20.1
)%
Group annuities
1,051

1,303

(252
)
(19.3
)%
Other
114

192

(78
)
(40.6
)%
Total sales-based revenue
$
181,843

$
218,266

$
(36,423
)
(16.7
)%
Trailing


Variable annuities
$
114,422

$
108,434

$
5,988

5.5
%
Mutual funds
99,601

97,547

2,054

2.1
%
Alternative investments
3,074

2,096

978

46.7
%
Fixed annuities
4,629

2,653

1,976

74.5
%
Fixed income
5,755

4,991

764

15.3
%
Insurance
1,433

1,385

48

3.5
%
Group annuities
9,949

10,383

(434
)
(4.2
)%
Total trailing revenue
$
238,863

$
227,489

$
11,374

5.0
%
Total commission revenue
$
420,706

$
445,755

$
(25,049
)
(5.6
)%
The decrease in sales-based commission revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2017 , compared with the same period in 2016 , was primarily due to a decrease in activity for fixed and variable annuities. Fixed and variable annuities commissions were primarily challenged by marketplace uncertainties in response to the DOL Rule, which became applicable on June 9, 2017, offset by an increase in fixed income commissions that were primarily driven by the anticipation of the federal funds rate increase in June 2017.
Trailing revenues are recurring in nature and the increase in revenue for the period reflects an increase in the market value of the underlying assets.

10

The following table sets forth our commission revenue, by product category, included in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income (in thousands):
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
$ Change
% Change
Variable annuities
$
334,250

$
345,107

$
(10,857
)
(3.1
)%
Mutual funds
265,984

269,504

(3,520
)
(1.3
)%
Alternative investments
13,889

16,901

(3,012
)
(17.8
)%
Fixed annuities
76,472

105,688

(29,216
)
(27.6
)%
Equities
40,773

41,325

(552
)
(1.3
)%
Fixed income
53,751

41,946

11,805

28.1
%
Insurance
34,016

38,214

(4,198
)
(11.0
)%
Group annuities
22,480

23,443

(963
)
(4.1
)%
Other
255

354

(99
)
(28.0
)%
Total commission revenue
$
841,870

$
882,482

$
(40,612
)
(4.6
)%
The following table sets forth our commission revenue, by sales-based and trailing commission revenue (in thousands):
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
$ Change
% Change

Sales-based
Variable annuities
$
103,956

$
129,626

$
(25,670
)
(19.8
)%
Mutual funds
71,371

76,564

(5,193
)
(6.8
)%
Alternative investments
8,798

13,694

(4,896
)
(35.8
)%
Fixed annuities
67,024

100,966

(33,942
)
(33.6
)%
Equities
40,773

41,325

(552
)
(1.3
)%
Fixed income
42,403

32,060

10,343

32.3
%
Insurance
31,007

35,527

(4,520
)
(12.7
)%
Group annuities
2,831

2,964

(133
)
(4.5
)%
Other
255

354

(99
)
(28.0
)%
Total sales-based revenue
$
368,418

$
433,080

$
(64,662
)
(14.9
)%
Trailing
Variable annuities
$
230,294

$
215,481

$
14,813

6.9
%
Mutual funds
194,613

192,940

1,673

0.9
%
Alternative investments
5,091

3,207

1,884

58.7
%
Fixed annuities
9,448

4,722

4,726

100.1
%
Fixed income
11,348

9,886

1,462

14.8
%
Insurance
3,009

2,687

322

12.0
%
Group annuities
19,649

20,479

(830
)
(4.1
)%
Total trailing revenue
$
473,452

$
449,402

$
24,050

5.4
%
Total commission revenue
$
841,870

$
882,482

$
(40,612
)
(4.6
)%
The decrease in sales-based commission revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2017 , compared with the same period in 2016 , was primarily due to a decrease in activity for fixed and variable annuities. Fixed and variable annuities commissions were primarily challenged by marketplace uncertainties in response to the DOL Rule which became applicable June 9, 2017, offset by an increase in fixed income commissions that were primarily driven by the anticipation of the federal funds rate increases announced in March and June 2017, respectively.
Trailing revenues are recurring in nature and the increase in revenue for the period reflects an increase in the market value of the underlying assets.

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The following table summarizes activity in brokerage assets that are custodied, networked, and non-networked for the periods presented (in billions):
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
2017
2016
Balance - Beginning of period
$
304.6

$
289.2

$
297.8

$
288.4

Net new brokerage assets
(5.5
)
(1.5
)
(8.9
)
(2.5
)
Market impact(1)
6.1

4.2

16.3

6.0

Balance - End of period
$
305.2

$
291.9

$
305.2

$
291.9

_______________________________
(1)
Market impact is the difference between the beginning and ending asset balance less the net new asset amounts, with the remainder representing the implied growth or decline in asset balances due to market changes over the same period of time.
Advisory Revenues
Advisory revenues primarily represent fees charged on our corporate RIA platform provided through LPL Financial to clients of our advisors based on the value of their advisory assets. Advisory fees are billed to clients on either a calendar quarter or non-calendar quarter basis of their choice, at the beginning of that period, and are recognized as revenue ratably during the quarter. The majority of our accounts are billed in advance using values as of the last business day of each immediately preceding calendar quarter. The value of the assets in an advisory account on the billing date determines the amount billed, and accordingly, the revenues earned in the following three month period. Advisory revenues collected on our corporate RIA platform are proposed by the advisor and agreed to by the client and average 1.0% of the underlying assets, and the maximum fees charged for these accounts as of June 30, 2017 was 3.0%.
We also support Hybrid RIAs, through our Hybrid RIA platform, which allows advisors to engage us for technology, clearing, and custody services, as well as access to the capabilities of our investment platforms. Most financial advisors associated with Hybrid RIAs carry their brokerage license with LPL Financial and access our fully-integrated brokerage platform under standard terms, although some financial advisors associated with Hybrid RIAs do not carry a brokerage license with us. The assets held under Hybrid RIAs' investment advisory accounts that are custodied with LPL Financial are included in our brokerage and advisory assets, net new advisory assets, and advisory assets metrics. However, the advisory revenue generated by a Hybrid RIA is earned by the Hybrid RIA, and accordingly is not included in our advisory revenue. We charge separate fees to Hybrid RIAs for technology, clearing, administrative, and custody services. The administrative fees collected on our Hybrid RIA platform vary and can reach a maximum of 0.6% of the underlying assets as of June 30, 2017 .
Furthermore, we support certain financial advisors at broker-dealers affiliated with insurance companies through our customized advisory platforms and charge fees to these advisors based on the value of assets within these advisory accounts.
The following table summarizes all activity in advisory assets (in billions):
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
2017
2016
Balance - Beginning of period
$
225.7

$
189.5

$
211.6

$
187.2

Net new advisory assets
5.9

2.8

11.9

4.8

Market impact(1)
5.2

3.8

13.3

4.1

Balance - End of period
$
236.8

$
196.1

$
236.8

$
196.1

_______________________________
(1)
Market impact is the difference between the beginning and ending asset balance less the net new asset amounts, with the remainder representing the implied growth or decline in asset balances due to market changes over the same period of time.
Net new advisory assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 had a limited impact on our advisory fee revenue for those respective periods. Rather, net new advisory assets are a primary driver of future advisory fee revenue. The revenue for any particular quarter is primarily driven by each of the prior quarter’s month-end advisory assets under management. The growth in advisory revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 was due to net new advisory assets resulting from our

12

recruiting efforts and strong advisor productivity, as well as market gains as represented by higher levels of the S&P 500 index.
Assets on our Hybrid RIA platform have been growing rapidly through the recruiting of new advisors and the transition of existing advisors onto that platform. This continued shift of advisors to our Hybrid RIA platform has caused the growth in our advisory revenue to appear to lag behind the rate of growth of advisory assets as we earn the administrative and other fees discussed above, as opposed to earning advisory fees.
The following table summarizes the composition of total advisory assets as of June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in billions):
June 30,
2017
2016
$ Change

% Change

Advisory assets under management(1)
$
137.7

$
121.6

$
16.1

13.2
%
Hybrid RIA assets in advisory accounts custodied by LPL Financial
99.1

74.5

24.6

33.0
%
Total advisory assets
$
236.8

$
196.1

$
40.7

20.8
%
_______________________________
(1)
Consists of advisory assets under management on our corporate advisory platform.

Asset-Based Revenues
Asset-based revenues are comprised of our sponsorship programs with financial product manufacturers, omnibus processing and networking services, and fees from our cash sweep program. We receive fees from certain financial product manufacturers in connection with sponsorship programs that support our marketing and sales education and training efforts. Omnibus processing revenues are paid to us by mutual fund product sponsors and are based on the value of custodied assets in advisory accounts and the number of brokerage accounts in which the related mutual fund positions are held. Networking revenues on brokerage assets are correlated to the number of positions we administer and are paid to us by mutual fund and annuity product manufacturers. Pursuant to contractual arrangements, uninvested cash balances in our advisors’ client accounts are swept into either insured cash accounts at various banks or third-party money market funds, for which we receive fees, including administrative and recordkeeping fees based on account type and the invested balances.
Asset-based revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased to $173.5 million , or 25.9% , from $137.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 . The increase is due primarily to increased revenues from our cash sweep program. Cash sweep revenue increased to $71.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 , from $40.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 , due to the impact of an increase in the target range for the federal funds effective rate, partially offset by lower cash sweep balances. As of June 30, 2017 , our cash sweep balances decreased compared to June 30, 2016 , with average cash sweep balances of $28.4 billion and $29.3 billion during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
Asset-based revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 , increased to $330.7 million , or 20.7% , from $274.0 million compared with the same period in 2016 . The increase is due primarily to increased revenues from our cash sweep program. Cash sweep revenues increased to $131.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 , from $84.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 , due to the impact of the increase in the target range for the federal funds effective rate, partially offset by lower cash sweep balances. As of June 30, 2017 , our cash sweep balances decreased compared to June 30, 2016 , with average cash sweep balances of $29.1 billion and $30.1 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
Transaction and Fee Revenues
Transaction revenues primarily include fees we charge to our advisors and their clients for executing certain transactions in brokerage and fee-based advisory accounts. Fee revenues primarily include IRA custodian fees, contract and licensing fees, and other client account fees. In addition, we host certain advisor conferences that serve as training, education, sales, and marketing events, for which we charge a fee for attendance.
Transaction and fee revenues increased for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to a new fee announced in 2017 for alternative investments effective for 2016 that was billed and recorded in the current period and a higher volume of fixed income transactions related to the federal funds rate increase in June 2017.
Transaction and fee revenues increased for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to a new fee announced in 2017 for alternative investments effective for 2016 that was

13

billed and recorded in the current period, a higher volume of fixed income transactions related to the federal funds rate increases in March and June 2017 and an increase in IRA custodian termination fees which resulted from the departure of institutional clients during the year.
Interest Income, Net of Interest Expense
We earn interest income from client margin accounts and cash equivalents, net of operating interest expense. Period-over-period variances correspond to changes in the average balances of assets in margin accounts and cash equivalents.
Other Revenues
Other revenues primarily include marketing allowances received from certain financial product manufacturers, primarily those who offer alternative investments, such as non-traded real estate investment trusts and business development companies, mark-to-market gains and losses on assets held by us for our advisor non-qualified deferred compensation plan and our model research portfolios, and other miscellaneous revenues.
Other revenues increased primarily due to an increase of $3.1 million and $9.1 million in realized and unrealized gains for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 , respectively, on approximately $160.7 million of assets held in our advisor non-qualified deferred compensation plan, which are based on the market performance of the underlying investment allocations chosen by advisors in the plan. The increase in other revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 also included early contract termination fees associated with the departure of institutional clients during the first half of the period.
Expenses
Commission and Advisory Expenses
Commission and advisory expenses are comprised of the following: base payout amounts that are earned by and paid out to advisors and institutions based on commission and advisory revenues earned on each client’s account; production bonuses earned by advisors and institutions based on the levels of commission and advisory revenues they produce; the recognition of share-based compensation expense from equity awards granted to advisors and financial institutions based on the fair value of the awards at each reporting period; and the deferred commissions and advisory fee expenses associated with mark-to-market gains or losses on the non-qualified deferred compensation plan offered to our advisors.
Our production payout ratio is calculated as commission and advisory expenses divided by the sum of our commission and advisory revenues (referred to as gross dealer concessions, or "GDC"), as set forth on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. The following table shows the components of our production payout and total payout ratios, each of which is a statistical or operating measure:
Three Months Ended June 30,
Change
Six Months Ended June 30,
Change
2017
2016
2017
2016
Base payout rate(1)
82.94
%
83.20
%
(26 bps)
82.96
%
82.86
%
10 bps
Production based bonuses
2.56
%
2.44
%
12 bps
2.15
%
2.07
%
8 bps
GDC sensitive payout
85.50
%
85.64
%
(14 bps)
85.11
%
84.93
%
18 bps
Non-GDC sensitive payout(2)
0.92
%
0.31
%
61 bps
1.05
%
0.11
%
94 bps
Total Payout Ratio
86.42
%
85.95
%
47 bps
86.16
%
85.04
%
112 bps
_______________________________
(1)
Our production payout ratio is calculated as commission and advisory expenses, divided by GDC (see description above).
(2)
Non-GDC Sensitive Payout includes share-based compensation expense from equity awards granted to advisors and financial institutions and mark-to-market gains or losses on amounts designated by advisors as deferred.
Our total payout ratio, a statistical or operating measure, increased for the three months June 30, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to non-GDC sensitive payout, which includes advisor deferred compensation and advisor share-based compensation.
Our total payout ratio increased for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to non-GDC sensitive payout, which includes advisor deferred compensation and advisor share-based compensation.

14

Compensation and Benefits Expense
Compensation and benefits expense includes salaries and wages and related employee benefits and taxes for our employees (including share-based compensation), as well as compensation for temporary employees and consultants.
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
Change
2017
2016
Change
Average Number of Employees
3,366
3,325
1.2%
3,341
3,368
(0.8)%
Compensation and benefits expense increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared with the same periods in 2016 due to higher recruiter compensation pursuant to incentive compensation plans and an increase in contingent labor for DOL rule implementation, partially offset by an increase in capitalized salary and benefits associated with technology projects.
Promotional Expense
Promotional expenses include costs related to our hosting of certain advisor conferences that serve as training, sales, and marketing events, as well as business development costs related to recruiting, such as transition assistance and amortization related to forgivable loans issued to advisors.
The decrease in promotional expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 was primarily driven by lower conference expenses, partially offset by an increase in costs associated with advisor transition assistance.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense represents the benefits received for using long-lived assets. Those assets consist of fixed assets, which include internally developed software, hardware, leasehold improvements, and other equipment.
The increase in depreciation and amortization of $2.4 million and $4.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared with the same periods in 2016 , respectively, was primarily due to increases in purchased hardware and software and an increase in depreciation expense associated with our new office building in Fort Mill, South Carolina, which was completed in October 2016.
Amortization of Intangible assets
Amortization of intangible assets is consistent over prior periods and represents the benefits received for using long-lived assets, which consist of intangible assets established through our acquisitions.
Occupancy and Equipment Expense
Occupancy and equipment expense includes the costs of leasing and maintaining our office spaces, software licensing and maintenance costs, and maintenance expenses on computer hardware and other equipment.
The increase in occupancy and equipment expense of $1.0 million and $ 4.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared with the same periods in 2016 , respectively, was primarily due to an increase in costs related to repairs and maintenance of computer hardware and equipment as well as an increase in non-capitalized software costs in support of our service and technology investments.
Professional Services
Professional services includes costs paid to outside firms for assistance with legal, accounting, technology, regulatory, marketing, and general corporate matters, as well as non-capitalized costs related to service and technology enhancements.
The increase in professional services of $3.8 million and $2.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared with the same periods in 2016 , respectively, was primarily due to an increase in costs related to outsourced service and technology enhancements.

15

Brokerage, Clearing, and Exchange Fees
Brokerage, clearing, and exchange fees include expenses originating from trading and clearing operations as well as any exchange membership fees. Changes in brokerage, clearing and exchange fees fluctuate largely in line with the volume of sales and trading activity.
Brokerage, clearing, and exchange fees have remained relatively flat and consistent with the volume of sales and trading activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , compared with the same periods in 2016 .
Communications and Data Processing
Communications expense consists primarily of the cost of voice and data telecommunication lines supporting our business, including connectivity to data centers, exchanges, and markets. Data processing expense consists primarily of customer statement processing and postage costs.
Communications and data processing expenses remained relatively flat for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , compared with the same periods in 2016 .
Other Expenses
Other expenses include the estimated costs of the investigation, settlement, and resolution of regulatory matters, licensing fees, insurance, broker-dealer regulator fees, and other miscellaneous expenses.
Other expenses remained relatively flat for the three months ended June 30, 2017 , compared with the same period in 2016 .
The increase in other expenses of $2.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 , compared with the same period in 2016 , was primarily driven by a one time recovery related to a previously settled regulatory matter that lowered other expenses in the first quarter of 2016.
Non-Operating Interest Expense
Non-operating interest expense results from our credit facilities. Period-over-period variances correspond to higher LIBOR rates and the fixed interest rate on our senior unsecured notes issued in March 2017.
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
In March 2017, we closed a refinancing of our senior secured credit facilities with a new seven year Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.7 billion and a five year revolving credit facility in an aggregate amount of $500.0 million . The proceeds of the new Term Loan B, together with the proceeds from the offering of $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% senior notes ("Notes") and cash, were used to repay our then existing senior secured credit facilities and to repay accrued interest and related fees and expenses. The refinancing led to the extinguishment of the previous Term Loan A and B facilities, which required that we accelerate the recognition of $21.1 million of related unamortized debt issuance costs that had no future economic benefit, and recognize that amount as a loss on extinguishment of debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income in the first quarter of 2017.
Provision for Income Taxes
We estimate our full-year effective income tax rate at the end of each reporting period. This estimate is used in providing for income taxes on a year-to-date basis and may change in subsequent interim periods. The tax rate in any quarter can be affected positively and negatively by adjustments that are required to be reported in the quarter in which resolution of a particular item occurs. The effective income tax rates reflect the impact of state taxes, settlement contingencies, tax credits, and expenses that are not deductible for tax purposes.
Our effective tax rate was 39.3% and 40.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
Our effective tax rate was 38.0% and 40.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
The decrease in our effective tax rate and income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to June 30, 2016 was primarily due to tax benefits associated with the adoption of ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting for recording stock-based compensation on January 1, 2017.

16

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Senior management establishes our liquidity and capital policies. These policies include senior management’s review of short- and long-term cash flow forecasts, review of capital expenditures, and daily monitoring of liquidity for our subsidiaries. Decisions on the allocation of capital are based upon, among other things, projected profitability and cash flow, risks of the business, regulatory capital requirements, and future liquidity needs for strategic activities. Our Treasury Department assists in evaluating, monitoring, and controlling the business activities that impact our financial condition, liquidity, and capital structure and maintains relationships with various lenders. The objectives of these policies are to support our corporate business strategies while ensuring ongoing and sufficient liquidity.
A summary of changes in our cash flow is provided as follows (in thousands):
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
Net cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities
$
338,995

$
154,637

Investing activities
(61,857
)
(56,118
)
Financing activities
(79,714
)
(77,282
)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
197,424

21,237

Cash and cash equivalents — beginning of period
747,709

724,529

Cash and cash equivalents — end of period
$
945,133

$
745,766

Cash requirements and liquidity needs are primarily funded through our cash flow from operations and our capacity for additional borrowing.
Net cash provided by operating activities includes changes in operating assets and liabilities, including balances related to settlement and funding of client transactions, receivables from product sponsors, and accrued commission and advisory expenses due to our advisors. Operating assets and liabilities that arise from the settlement and funding of transactions by our advisors’ clients are the principal cause of changes to our net cash from operating activities and can fluctuate significantly from day-to-day and period-to-period depending on overall trends and clients’ behaviors.
The increase in cash flows provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 was primarily attributable to an increase in cash provided by cash segregated under federal and other regulations, receivable from product sponsors, broker-dealers and clearing organizations and advisor loans, partially offset by an increase in cash used by other receivables, drafts payable, payable to clients and payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations.
The increase in cash flows used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 was primarily attributable to an increase in capital expenditures related to technology to support growth.
The increase in cash flows used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 was primarily attributable to an increase in repurchases of our common stock and an increase in debt issuance costs incurred in connection with our refinancing completed in March 2017, partially offset by an increase in proceeds from stock option exercises.
We believe that based on current levels of operations and anticipated growth, cash flow from operations, together with other available sources of funds, which include three uncommitted lines of credit available and the revolving credit facility established through our senior secured credit agreement, will be adequate to satisfy our working capital needs, the payment of all of our obligations, and the funding of anticipated capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. In addition, we have certain capital adequacy requirements related to our registered broker-dealer subsidiary and bank trust subsidiary and have met all such requirements and expect to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. We regularly evaluate our existing indebtedness, including refinancing thereof, based on a number of factors, including our capital requirements, future prospects, contractual restrictions, the availability of refinancing on attractive terms, and general market conditions.

17

Share Repurchases
We engage in share repurchase programs, which are approved by our Board of Directors, pursuant to which we may repurchase our issued and outstanding shares of common stock from time to time. Purchases may be effected in open market or privately negotiated transactions, including transactions with our affiliates, with the timing of purchases and the amount of stock purchased generally determined at our discretion within the constraints of our senior secured credit agreement, the indenture governing our Notes, and general liquidity needs.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017 , we repurchased a total of 1,477,147 shares of our common stock at a weighted-average price of $39.75 per share for a total cost of $58.7 million . As of June 30, 2017 , the Company was authorized to purchase up to an additional $166.3 million of shares pursuant to the share repurchase programs approved by the Board of Directors.
Dividends
The payment, timing, and amount of any dividends are subject to approval by our Board as well as certain limits under our senior secured credit agreement and the indenture governing our Notes. See Note 8 . Stockholders’ Equity , within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our dividends.
Operating Capital Requirements
Our primary requirement for working capital relates to funds we loan to our advisors’ clients for trading conducted on margin and funds that we are required to maintain for regulatory capital and reserves based on the requirements of our regulators and clearing organizations, which also consider client balances and trading activities. We have several sources of funds that enable us to meet increases in working capital requirements that relate to increases in client margin activities and balances. These sources include cash and cash equivalents on hand, cash and securities segregated under federal and other regulations, and proceeds from re-pledging or selling client securities in margin accounts. When an advisor’s client purchases securities on margin or uses securities as collateral to borrow from us on margin, we are permitted, pursuant to the applicable securities industry regulations, to repledge, loan, or sell securities, up to 140% of the client’s margin loan balance, that collateralize those margin accounts. As of June 30, 2017 , we had approximately $220.4 million of client margin loans, collateralized with securities having a fair value of approximately $308.5 million that we can re-pledge, loan, or sell. Of these securities, approximately $40.9 million were client-owned securities pledged to the Options Clearing Corporation as collateral to secure client obligations related to options positions. As of June 30, 2017 , there were no restrictions that materially limited our ability to re-pledge, loan, or sell the remaining $267.6 million of client collateral.
Our other working capital needs are primarily related to advisor loans and timing associated with receivables and payables, which we have satisfied in the past from internally generated cash flows.
Notwithstanding the self-funding nature of our operations, we may sometimes be required to fund timing differences arising from the delayed receipt of client funds associated with the settlement of client transactions in securities markets. These timing differences are funded either with internally generated cash flow or, if needed, with funds drawn on our uncommitted lines of credit at our broker-dealer subsidiary LPL Financial, or under our revolving credit facility.
Our registered broker-dealer, LPL Financial, is subject to the SEC’s Uniform Net Capital Rule, which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital. LPL Financial computes net capital requirements under the alternative method, which requires firms to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equal to the greater of $250,000 or 2.0% of aggregate debit balances arising from client transactions. At June 30, 2017 , LPL Financial had net capital of $153.6 million with a minimum net capital requirement of $6.3 million .
LPL Financial’s ability to pay dividends greater than 10% of its excess net capital during any 35 day rolling period requires approval from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). In addition, payment of dividends is restricted if LPL Financial’s net capital would be less than 5% of aggregate customer debit balances.
LPL Financial also acts as an introducing broker for commodities and futures. Accordingly, its trading activities are subject to the National Futures Association’s (“NFA”) financial requirements and it is required to maintain net capital that is in excess of or equal to the greatest of NFA’s minimum financial requirements. The NFA was designated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as LPL Financial’s primary regulator for such activities. Currently, the highest NFA requirement is the minimum net capital calculated and required pursuant to the SEC’s Net Capital Rule.

18

Our subsidiary, The Private Trust Company, N.A. (“PTC”), is also subject to various regulatory capital requirements. Failure to meet the respective minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have substantial monetary and non-monetary impacts on PTC’s operations.
Debt and Related Covenants
On March 10, 2017, we entered into a fourth amendment agreement, which amended and restated our existing credit agreement (such amended and restated agreement, as further amended to date, the “Credit Agreement”) and refinanced our then outstanding senior secured credit facilities with a new seven year Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.7 billion and a five year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $500.0 million . The proceeds of the new Term Loan B, together with the proceeds from the offering of $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes and cash, were used to repay our then existing senior secured credit facilities and to pay accrued interest and related fees and expenses. As of June 30, 2017 our revolving credit facility remained undrawn. See Note 6 . Debt , within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail.
The Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Notes contain a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability to:
•
incur additional indebtedness or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock;
•
pay dividends on, redeem, or repurchase our capital stock;
•
create liens;
•
sell assets;
•
make investments or acquisitions;
•
redeem debt that is subordinated in right of payment to certain debt instruments;
•
engage in certain transactions with affiliates;
•
enter into agreements that restrict dividends or other payments from subsidiaries; and
•
consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all or our assets.
Credit Agreement EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, is defined in, and calculated by management in accordance with, the Credit Agreement as “Consolidated EBITDA”, which is Consolidated Net Income (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus interest expense, tax expense, depreciation and amortization, and adjusted to exclude certain non-cash charges and other adjustments (including unusual or non-recurring charges) and gains. We present Credit Agreement EBITDA because we believe that it can be a useful financial metric in understanding our debt capacity and covenant compliance. However, Credit Agreement EBITDA is not a measure of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of profitability or liquidity. In addition, our Credit Agreement-defined EBITDA measure can differ significantly from adjusted EBITDA calculated by other companies, depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which companies operate, and capital investments.

19

Set forth below is a reconciliation from our net income to Credit Agreement EBITDA for the twelve months ended June 30, 2017 (in thousands):
Net income
$
210,313

Non-operating interest expense
100,396

Provision for income taxes
110,894

Loss on extinguishment of debt
21,139

Depreciation and amortization
80,154

Amortization of intangible assets
37,945

EBITDA
560,841

Credit Agreement Adjustments:
Employee share-based compensation expense(1)
19,464

Advisor share-based compensation expense(2)
9,140

Other(3)
25,182

Credit Agreement EBITDA(4)
$
614,627

_______________________________
(1)
Represents share-based compensation for equity awards granted to employees, officers, and directors. Such awards are measured based on the grant-date fair value and recognized over the requisite service period of the individual awards, which generally equals the vesting period.
(2)
Represents share-based compensation for equity awards granted to advisors and to financial institutions based on the fair value of the awards at each reporting period.
(3)
Represents other items that are adjustable in accordance with our Credit Agreement to arrive at Credit Agreement EBITDA including employee severance costs, employee signing costs, employee retention or completion bonuses, and other non-recurring costs.
(4)
Under the Credit Agreement, management calculates Credit Agreement EBITDA for a four-quarter period at the end of each fiscal quarter, and in so doing may make further adjustments to prior quarters.
Our Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Notes prohibit us from paying dividends and distributions or repurchasing our capital stock except for limited purposes or in limited amounts. In addition, our revolving credit facility requires compliance with a maximum Consolidated Total Debt to Consolidated EBITDA Ratio ("Leverage Test", as defined in the Credit Agreement) and a minimum Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense Ratio ("Interest Coverage", as defined in the Credit Agreement), tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. The breach of this covenant is subject to certain equity cure rights.
As of June 30, 2017 , we were in compliance with all of our revolving credit facility covenant requirements. The maximum permitted ratios under our financial covenants and actual ratios were as follows:
Financial Ratio
Covenant Requirement
Actual
Ratio
Leverage Test (Maximum)
5.00
3.08
Interest Coverage (Minimum)
3.00
6.60
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We enter into various off-balance-sheet arrangements in the ordinary course of business, primarily to meet the needs of our advisors’ clients. These arrangements include Company commitments to extend credit. For information on these arrangements, see Note 7 . Commitments and Contingencies and Note 13 . Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk , within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

20

Contractual Obligations
During the six months ended June 30, 2017 , there have been no material changes in our contractual obligations, other than in the ordinary course of business, from those disclosed in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Note 6 . Debt and Note 7 . Commitments and Contingencies , within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the Contractual Obligations section within Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further detail on operating lease obligations and obligations under noncancelable service contracts.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We use fair value measurements to record certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value and to determine fair value disclosures. See Note 3 . Fair Value Measurements, within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a detailed discussion regarding our fair value measurements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
In the notes to our consolidated financial statements and in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have disclosed those accounting policies that we consider to be significant in determining our results of operations and financial condition. There have been no material changes to those policies that we consider to be significant since the filing of our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The accounting principles used in preparing our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements conform in all material respects to GAAP.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 2 . Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements that are of significance, or potential significance, to us.

21

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
REVENUES
2017
2016
2017
2016
Commission
$
420,706

$
445,755

$
841,870

$
882,482

Advisory
346,515

322,955

676,374

642,387

Asset-based
173,450

137,797

330,673

274,048

Transaction and fee
109,361

101,824

217,523

204,514

Interest income, net of interest expense
5,976

5,238

11,769

10,568

Other
9,496

5,612

22,722

10,487

Total net revenues
1,065,504

1,019,181

2,100,931

2,024,486

EXPENSES

Commission and advisory
663,046

660,680

1,308,109

1,296,691

Compensation and benefits
110,299

105,773

223,511

219,828

Promotional
32,006

34,717

68,660

70,401

Depreciation and amortization
21,190

18,749

41,937

37,711

Amortization of intangible assets
9,453

9,509

18,944

19,034

Occupancy and equipment
22,987

21,980

48,186

43,817

Professional services
18,757

14,984

34,294

32,139

Brokerage, clearing, and exchange
13,890

13,609

28,076

27,198

Communications and data processing
10,645

10,971

21,659

21,468

Other
24,201

24,656

46,764

44,156

Total operating expenses
926,474

915,628

1,840,140

1,812,443

Non-operating interest expense
26,261

23,804

51,612

47,694

Loss on extinguishment of debt
—

—

21,139

—

INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
112,769

79,749

188,040

164,349

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
44,335

31,900

71,417

66,108

NET INCOME
$
68,434

$
47,849

$
116,623

$
98,241

EARNINGS PER SHARE (NOTE 10)

Earnings per share, basic
$
0.76

$
0.54

$
1.29

$
1.10

Earnings per share, diluted
$
0.74

$
0.53

$
1.27

$
1.10

Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic
90,251

89,019

90,060

88,992

Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted
92,013

89,699

91,996

89,669

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

22
LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
2017
2016
NET INCOME
$
68,434

$
47,849

$
116,623

$
98,241

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax expense (benefit) of $25, ($48), $187 and $48 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively
40

( 76
)
293

74

Reclassification adjustment for realized gain on cash flow hedges included in the condensed consolidated statements of income, net of tax expense of $390, $93, $406, and $156 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively
( 588
)
( 148
)
( 608
)
( 248
)
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax
( 548
)
( 224
)
( 315
)
( 174
)
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
$
67,886

$
47,625

$
116,308

$
98,067

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

23
LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)

ASSETS
June 30,
2017
December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents
$
945,133

$
747,709

Cash and securities segregated under federal and other regulations
534,002

768,219

Restricted cash
42,733

42,680

Receivables from:
Clients, net of allowance of $427 at June 30, 2017 and $1,580 at December 31, 2016
295,388

341,199

Product sponsors, broker-dealers, and clearing organizations
166,687

175,122

Advisor loans, net of allowance of $5,780 at June 30, 2017 and $1,852 at December 31, 2016
192,485

194,526

Others, net of allowance of $10,050 at June 30, 2017 and $12,851 at December 31, 2016
212,635

189,632

Securities owned:
Trading — at fair value
14,360

11,404

Held-to-maturity — at amortized cost
11,833

8,862

Securities borrowed
17,619

5,559

Fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $394,737 at June 30, 2017 and $355,919 at December 31, 2016
392,300

387,368

Goodwill
1,365,838

1,365,838

Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $399,718 at June 30, 2017 and $380,775 at December 31, 2016
335,052

353,996

Other assets
264,060

242,812

Total assets
$
4,790,125

$
4,834,926

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES:
Drafts payable
$
150,101

$
198,839

Payables to clients
777,220

863,765

Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations
52,668

63,032

Accrued commission and advisory expenses payable
128,804

128,476

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
380,585

385,545

Income taxes payable
17,936

4,607

Unearned revenue
80,633

62,785

Securities sold, but not yet purchased — at fair value
99

183

Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $16,884 at
June 30, 2017 and $21,924 at December 31, 2016
2,178,866

2,175,436

Leasehold financing obligation
104,764

105,649

Deferred income taxes, net
25,352

25,614

Total liabilities
3,897,028

4,013,931

Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock, $.001 par value; 600,000,000 shares authorized; 122,052,498 shares issued at June 30, 2017 and 119,917,854 shares issued at December 31, 2016
122

120

Additional paid-in capital
1,506,632

1,445,256

Treasury stock, at cost — 32,130,595 shares at June 30, 2017 and 30,621,270 shares at December 31, 2016
( 1,254,759
)
( 1,194,645
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
—

315

Retained earnings
641,102

569,949

Total stockholders’ equity
893,097

820,995

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
4,790,125

$
4,834,926

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

24
LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)
Retained
Earnings
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Common Stock
Treasury Stock
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
BALANCE — December 31, 2015
119,572

$
119

$
1,418,298

30,048

$
( 1,172,490
)
$
553

$
469,130

$
715,610

Net income and other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax expense
( 174
)
98,241

98,067

Issuance of common stock to settle restricted stock units, net
119

1



42

( 883
)
( 882
)
Treasury stock purchases
635

( 25,013
)
( 25,013
)
Cash dividends on common stock
( 44,504
)
( 44,504
)
Stock option exercises and other
36



876

( 69
)
2,437

( 1,368
)
1,945

Share-based compensation


10,117

10,117

Excess tax benefits (tax deficiency) from share-based compensation
( 1,350
)
( 1,350
)
BALANCE — June 30, 2016
119,727

$
120

$
1,427,941

30,656

$
( 1,195,949
)
$
379

$
521,499

$
753,990

BALANCE — December 31, 2016
119,918

$
120

$
1,445,256

30,621

$
( 1,194,645
)
$
315

$
569,949

$
820,995

Net income and other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax expense
( 315
)
116,623

116,308

Issuance of common stock to settle restricted stock units, net
323





70

( 2,741
)
( 2,741
)
Treasury stock purchases
1,477

( 58,710
)
( 58,710
)
Cash dividends on common stock
( 45,248
)
( 45,248
)
Stock option exercises and other
1,811

2

47,551

( 37
)
1,337

( 222
)
48,668

Share-based compensation
13,825

13,825

BALANCE — June 30, 2017
122,052

$
122

$
1,506,632

32,131

$
( 1,254,759
)
$
—

$
641,102

$
893,097

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

25

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

Six Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income
$
116,623

$
98,241

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Noncash items:
Depreciation and amortization
41,937

37,711

Amortization of intangible assets
18,944

19,034

Amortization of debt issuance costs
2,414

2,881

Share-based compensation
13,825

10,117

Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation
—

( 10
)
Provision for bad debts
2,333

2,162

Deferred income tax provision
( 43
)
( 133
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt
21,139

—

Loan forgiveness
26,563

21,464

Other
( 4,765
)
( 2,304
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Cash and securities segregated under federal and other regulations
234,216

23,960

Deposit of restricted cash related to captive insurance subsidiary
( 9,377
)
( 10,625
)
Release of restricted cash related to captive insurance subsidiary
9,325

2,220

Receivables from clients
46,964

31,987

Receivables from product sponsors, broker-dealers, and clearing organizations
8,435

( 38,126
)
Advisor loans
( 28,451
)
( 40,260
)
Receivables from others
( 20,201
)
( 6,011
)
Securities owned
( 2,463
)
1,464

Securities borrowed
( 12,060
)
( 8,142
)
Other assets
( 12,949
)
( 11,377
)
Drafts payable
( 48,738
)
( 31,565
)
Payables to clients
( 86,545
)
21,464

Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations
( 10,363
)
11,149

Accrued commission and advisory expenses payable
327

( 3,569
)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
812

9,769

Income taxes receivable/payable
13,329

204

Unearned revenue
17,848

13,069

Securities sold, but not yet purchased
( 84
)
( 137
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
338,995

$
154,637

Continued on following page
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures
$
( 58,898
)
$
( 56,542
)
Proceeds from disposal of fixed assets
12

—

Purchase of securities classified as held-to-maturity
( 4,721
)
( 4,020
)
Proceeds from maturity of securities classified as held-to-maturity
1,750

3,000

Release of restricted cash
—

1,444

Net cash used in investing activities
( 61,857
)
( 56,118
)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayment of senior secured term loans
( 2,201,610
)
( 8,838
)
Proceeds from senior secured term loans and senior notes
2,197,360

—

Payment of debt issuance costs
( 16,548
)
—

Tax payments related to settlement of restricted stock units
( 2,741
)
( 882
)
Repurchase of common stock
( 58,710
)
( 25,013
)
Dividends on common stock
( 45,248
)
( 44,504
)
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation
—

10

Proceeds from stock option exercises and other
48,668

1,945

Payment of leasehold financing obligation
( 885
)
—

Net cash used in financing activities
( 79,714
)
( 77,282
)
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
197,424

21,237

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS — Beginning of period
747,709

724,529

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS — End of period
$
945,133

$
745,766

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Interest paid
$
42,630

$
46,348

Income taxes paid
$
58,106

$
67,379

NONCASH DISCLOSURES:
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
11,424

$
15,294

Finance obligation related to real estate project
$
—

$
31,645

Debt issuance cost included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
790

$
—

Discount on proceeds from senior secured credit facilities recorded as debt issuance cost
$
2,640

$
—


26
LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Continued
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

27

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)



1. Organization and Description of the Company
LPL Financial Holdings Inc. (“LPLFH”), a Delaware holding corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), provides an integrated platform of brokerage and investment advisory services to independent financial advisors and financial advisors at financial institutions (collectively “advisors”) in the United States. Through its custody and clearing platform, using both proprietary and third-party technology, the Company provides access to diversified financial products and services, enabling its advisors to offer independent financial advice and brokerage services to retail investors (their “clients”).
Description of Subsidiaries
LPL Holdings, Inc. (“LPLH”), a Massachusetts holding corporation, owns 100 % of the issued and outstanding common stock or other ownership interest in each of LPL Financial LLC (“LPL Financial”), Fortigent Holdings Company, Inc., Independent Advisers Group Corporation (“IAG”), LPL Insurance Associates, Inc. (“LPLIA”), LPL Independent Advisor Services Group LLC (“IASG”), and UVEST Financial Services Group, Inc. (“UVEST”). LPLH is also the majority stockholder in PTC Holdings, Inc. (“PTCH”), and owns 100 % of the issued and outstanding voting common stock. Each member of PTCH’s board of directors meets the direct equity ownership interest requirements that are required by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Company has established a wholly-owned series captive insurance entity that underwrites insurance for various legal and regulatory risks.
LPL Financial, with primary offices in Boston, Massachusetts; San Diego, California; and Fort Mill, South Carolina, is a clearing broker-dealer and an investment advisor that principally transacts business as an agent for its advisors and financial institutions on behalf of their clients in a broad array of financial products and services. LPL Financial is licensed to operate in all 50 states, Washington D.C., Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Fortigent Holdings Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Fortigent”) provide solutions and consulting services to registered investment advisors, banks, and trust companies serving high-net-worth clients.
PTCH is a holding company for The Private Trust Company, N.A. (“PTC”). PTC is chartered as a non-depository limited purpose national bank, providing a wide range of trust, investment management oversight, and custodial services for estates and families. PTC also provides Individual Retirement Account custodial services for LPL Financial.
LPLIA operates as an insurance brokerage general agency that offers life, long-term care, and disability insurance products and services for LPL Financial advisors.
2 . Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), which require the Company to make estimates and assumptions regarding the valuation of certain financial instruments, intangible assets, allowance for doubtful accounts, share-based compensation, accruals for liabilities, income taxes, revenue and expense accruals, and other matters that affect the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly the results for the interim periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions and the differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information and notes necessary for a complete presentation of results of income, comprehensive income, financial position, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. Accordingly, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 2016 , contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC.

28

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The Company’s significant accounting policies are included in Note 2 . Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 2016 . There have been no significant changes to these accounting policies during the first six months of 2017 .
Consolidation
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of LPLFH and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Equity investments in which the Company exercises significant influence but does not exercise control and is not the primary beneficiary are accounted for using the equity method.
Reportable Segment
Management has determined that the Company operates in one segment, given the similarities in economic characteristics between our operations and the common nature of our products and services, production and distribution processes, and regulatory environment.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial assets and liabilities are carried at fair value or at amounts that, because of their short-term nature, approximate current fair value, with the exception of its held-to-maturity securities and indebtedness, which the Company carries at amortized cost. The Company measures the implied fair value of its debt instruments using trading levels obtained from a third-party service provider. Accordingly, the debt instruments qualify as Level 2 fair value measurements. See Note 3 . Fair Value Measurements , for additional detail regarding the Company’s fair value measurements. As of June 30, 2017 , the carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s indebtedness was approximately $ 2,195.8 million and $ 2,224.6 million , respectively. As of December 31, 2016 , the carrying amount and fair value was approximately $ 2,197.4 million and $ 2,218.9 million , respectively.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606 , to supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date , which deferred the effective date for implementation of ASU 2014-09 by one year and is now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted but not earlier than the original effective date. ASU 2014-09 also requires new qualitative and quantitative disclosures, including disaggregation of revenues and descriptions of performance obligations. The Company expects to adopt the provisions of this guidance on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings. The Company has performed an assessment of its revenue contracts as well as worked with industry participants on matters of interpretation and application and has not identified any material changes to the timing or amount of its revenue recognition under ASU 2014-09. The Company also does not expect its accounting policies to change materially since the principles of revenue recognition from ASU 2014-09 are largely consistent with existing guidance and current practices applied by the Company. The Company is also evaluating its disclosures and may provide additional disaggregation of revenue upon adoption of ASU 2014-09. The Company's evaluations are not final as of the date of this filing, and the Company will continue to assess the impact.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases , which establishes a right-of-use model that requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. The Company expects to adopt the provisions of this guidance on January 1, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting (Topic 718) , which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. ASU 2017-09 provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after

29

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this update will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
On January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . The ASU is designed to identify areas for simplification involving several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, an option to recognize gross stock compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well as certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 had no material impact on its consolidated financial statements; however, it did reduce the Company's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 .
3 . Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. Inputs used to measure fair value are prioritized within a three-level fair value hierarchy. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
There have been no transfers of assets or liabilities between these fair value measurement classifications during the six months ended June 30, 2017 .
The Company’s fair value measurements are evaluated within the fair value hierarchy, based on the nature of inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date. At June 30, 2017 , the Company had the following financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash Equivalents — The Company’s cash equivalents include money market funds, which are short term in nature with readily determinable values derived from active markets.
Securities Owned and Securities Sold, But Not Yet Purchased — The Company’s trading securities consist of house account model portfolios established and managed for the purpose of benchmarking the performance of its fee-based advisory platforms and temporary positions resulting from the processing of client transactions. Examples of these securities include money market funds, U.S. treasury obligations, mutual funds, certificates of deposit, and traded equity and debt securities.
The Company uses prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services to measure the fair value of its trading securities. Prices received from the pricing services are validated using various methods including comparison to prices received from additional pricing services, comparison to available quoted market prices, and review of other relevant market data including implied yields of major categories of securities. In general, these quoted prices are derived from active markets for identical assets or liabilities. When quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities are not available, the quoted prices are based on similar assets and liabilities or inputs other than the quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly. For certificates of deposit and treasury securities, the Company utilizes market-based inputs, including observable market interest rates that correspond to the remaining maturities or the next interest reset dates. At June 30, 2017 , the Company did not adjust prices received from the independent third-party pricing services.
Other Assets — The Company’s other assets include: (1) deferred compensation plan assets that are invested in money market and other mutual funds, which are actively traded and valued based on quoted market prices; and (2) certain non-traded real estate investment trusts and auction rate notes, which are
valued using quoted prices for identical or similar securities and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities — The Company’s accounts payable and accrued liabilities include contingent consideration liabilities that are measured using Level 3 inputs.
Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company determines the fair value for its contingent consideration obligations using an income approach whereby the Company assesses the expected future performance of the acquired assets. The contingent payment is estimated using a discounted cash flow of the expected payment amount to calculate the fair value as of the valuation date. The Company’s management evaluates the underlying projections and other related factors used in determining fair value each period and makes updates when there have been significant changes in management’s expectations.
The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2017 (in thousands):
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
$
241,225

$
—

$
—

$
241,225

Securities owned — trading:

Money market funds
290

—

—

290

Mutual funds
9,252

—

—

9,252

Equity securities
39

—

—

39

Debt securities
—

887

—

887

U.S. treasury obligations
3,892

—

—

3,892

Total securities owned — trading
13,473

887

—

14,360

Other assets
160,744

9,116

—

169,860

Total assets at fair value
$
415,442

$
10,003

$
—

$
425,445

Liabilities
Securities sold, but not yet purchased:
Equity securities
$
98

$
—

$
—

$
98

Debt securities
—

1

—

1

Total securities sold, but not yet purchased
98

1

—

99

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
—

—

527

527

Total liabilities at fair value
$
98

$
1

$
527

$
626



30

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
$
168,320

$
—

$
—

$
168,320

Securities owned — trading:
Money market funds
474

—

—

474

Mutual funds
7,585

—

—

7,585

Equity securities
35

—

—

35

Debt securities
—

314

—

314

U.S. treasury obligations
2,996

—

—

2,996

Total securities owned — trading
11,090

314

—

11,404

Other assets
134,914

7,105

—

142,019

Total assets at fair value
$
314,324

$
7,419

$
—

$
321,743

Liabilities
Securities sold, but not yet purchased:
Equity securities
$
168

$
—

$
—

$
168

Debt securities
—

15

—

15

Total securities sold, but not yet purchased
168


15


—


183

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
—

86

527

613

Total liabilities at fair value
$
168

$
101

$
527

$
796


4 . Held-to-Maturity Securities
The Company holds certain investments in securities, primarily U.S. government notes, which are recorded at amortized cost because the Company has both the intent and the ability to hold these investments to maturity. Interest income is accrued as earned. Premiums and discounts are amortized using a method that approximates the effective yield method over the term of the security and are recorded as an adjustment to the investment yield.
The amortized cost, gross unrealized loss, and fair value of securities held-to-maturity were as follows (in thousands):
June 30,
2017
December 31,
2016
Amortized cost
$
11,833

$
8,862

Gross unrealized loss
( 39
)
( 31
)
Fair value
$
11,794

$
8,831


At June 30, 2017 , the securities held-to-maturity were scheduled to mature as follows (in thousands):
Within one year
After one but within five years
After five but within ten years
Total
U.S. government notes — at amortized cost
$
3,751

$
7,582

$
500

$
11,833

U.S. government notes — at fair value
$
3,742

$
7,552

$
500

$
11,794


5 . Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The balances in goodwill and intangible assets were a result of various acquisitions. See Note 7 . Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets , in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes in the 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the components of goodwill and additional information regarding intangible assets.

31

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


6 . Debt
On March 10, 2017, LPLFH and LPLH entered into a fourth amendment agreement, which amended and restated LPLH’s existing credit agreement (such amended and restated agreement, as further amended to date, the “Credit Agreement”) and refinanced LPLH’s then outstanding senior secured credit facilities with a new seven year Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.7 billion and a five year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $ 500.0 million . The proceeds of the new Term Loan B, together with the proceeds from the offering of $ 500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75 % senior notes (the “Notes”) and cash, were used to repay LPLH’s existing senior secured credit facilities and to pay accrued interest and related fees and expenses. The refinancing led to the extinguishment of the previous Term Loan A and B facilities, which required the Company to accelerate the recognition of $ 21.1 million of related unamortized debt issuance costs that had no future economic benefit, and recognize that amount as a loss on extinguishment of debt in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.
Issuance of 5.75 % Senior Notes due 2025
The Notes were issued in March 2017 pursuant to an Indenture, dated March 10, 2017, among LPLH, U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries as guarantors (“Indenture”).
The Notes are unsecured obligations, will mature on September 15, 2025, and will bear interest at the rate of 5.75 % per year, with interest payable semi-annually, beginning on September 15, 2017. The Company may redeem all or part of the Notes at any time prior to March 15, 2020 (subject to a customary “equity claw” redemption right) at 100 % of the principal amount redeemed plus a “make-whole” premium. Thereafter the Company may redeem all or part of the Notes at annually declining redemption premiums until March 15, 2023, at and after which date the redemption price will be equal to 100 % of the principal amount redeemed.
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
Borrowings under the Term Loan B facility bear interest at a rate per annum of 250 basis points over the Eurodollar Rate or 150 basis points over the base rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), and have no leverage or interest coverage maintenance covenants. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest at a rate per annum ranging from 150 to 200 basis points over the Eurodollar Rate or 50 to 100 basis points over the base rate, depending on the Consolidated Secured Debt to Consolidated EBITDA Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Eurodollar Rate option is the one-, two-, three-, or six-month LIBOR rate, as selected by LPLH, or, with the approval of the applicable lenders, twelve month LIBOR rate or the LIBOR rate for another period acceptable to the Administrative Agent (including a shorter period). The Eurodollar Rate is not subject to an interest rate floor.
The Company’s outstanding borrowings as of June 30, 2017 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
June 30, 2017
Total Debt
Balance
Applicable
Margin
Interest Rate
Maturity
Revolving Credit Facility
$
—

LIBOR+200bps(1)
—
%
3/10/2022
Senior Secured Term Loan B
1,695,750

LIBOR+250 bps(1)
3.82
%
3/10/2024
Senior Unsecured Notes
500,000

Fixed Rate
5.75
%
9/15/2025
Total borrowings/ weighted-average interest rate
2,195,750

4.26
%
Less Unamortized Debt Issuance Cost
16,884

Long-term borrowings — net of unamortized debt issuance cost
$
2,178,866

_____________________
(1)
The LIBOR rate option is one-, two-, three- or six-month LIBOR rate, as selected by LPLH, or, with the approval of the applicable lenders, twelve month LIBOR rate or the LIBOR rate for another period acceptable to the Administrative Agent (including a shorter period). The LIBOR rate is not subject to an interest rate floor.
The Company is required to make quarterly amortization payments on the Term Loan B facility (commencing with the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2017), each equal to 0.25 % of the original principal amount of the loans under the Term Loan B facility.

32

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Voluntary prepayments of the Term Loan B facility in connection with a Repricing Transaction (as defined in the Credit Agreement) on or prior to six months after the Effective Date will be subject to a call premium of 1.0 % . Otherwise, outstanding loans under the Term Loan B facility may be voluntarily prepaid at any time without premium or penalty.
The Company’s revolving credit facility requires compliance with a maximum Consolidated Total Debt to Consolidated EBITDA Ratio ("Leverage Test", as defined in the Credit Agreement) and a minimum Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense Ratio ("Interest Coverage, as defined in the Credit Agreement), tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. The breach of this covenant is subject to certain equity cure rights.
As of June 30, 2017 , LPLH also had $ 11.1 million of irrevocable letters of credit, with an applicable interest rate margin of 2.00 % , which were supported by the Company’s revolving credit facility.
The Credit Agreement subjects the Company to certain financial and non-financial covenants for the benefit of the revolving credit facility. As of June 30, 2017 , the Company was in compliance with such covenants.
The Company’s outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2016 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 2016
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
Balance
Interest Rate
Maturity
Term Loan A
$
459,375

3.27
%
9/30/2019
2019 Term Loan B
420,309

3.25
%
3/29/2019
2021 Term Loan B
624,676

4.25
%
3/29/2021
2022 Term Loan B
693,000

4.80
%
11/20/2022
Total borrowings
2,197,360

Less Unamortized Debt Issuance Cost
21,924

Long-term borrowings — net of unamortized debt issuance cost
$
2,175,436


Bank Loans Payable
The Company maintains three uncommitted lines of credit. Two of the lines have unspecified limits, which are primarily dependent on the Company’s ability to provide sufficient collateral. The third line has a $ 200 million limit, and allows for both collateralized and uncollateralized borrowings. The Company drew $ 15 million on one of the lines of credit at an interest rate of 2.44 % during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and a total of $ 89 million at an interest rate of 2.22 % during the six months ended June 30, 2017 . The lines were not otherwise utilized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 or 2016 . There were no balances outstanding at June 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016 .
7 . Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
The Company leases office space and equipment under various operating leases. These leases are generally subject to scheduled base rent and maintenance cost increases, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of the leases. Total rental expense for all operating leases was approximately $ 5.1 million and $ 6.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, and $ 10.4 million and $ 12.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
Service and Development Contracts
The Company is party to certain long-term contracts for systems and services that enable back office trade processing and clearing for its product and service offerings.
Guarantees
The Company occasionally enters into certain types of contracts that contingently require it to indemnify certain parties against third-party claims. The terms of these obligations vary and, because a maximum obligation is not explicitly stated, the Company has determined that it is not possible to make an estimate of the amount that it could be obligated to pay under such contracts.

33

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The Company’s subsidiary, LPL Financial, provides guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges under their standard membership agreements, which require a member to guarantee the performance of other members. Under these agreements, if a member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing houses and exchanges, all other members would be required to meet any shortfall. The Company’s liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and may exceed the cash and securities it has posted as collateral. However, the potential requirement for the Company to make payments under these agreements is remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recognized for these transactions.
Loan Commitments
From time to time, LPL Financial makes loans to its advisors, primarily to newly recruited advisors to assist in the transition process, which may be forgivable. Due to timing differences, LPL Financial may make commitments to issue such loans prior to actually funding them. These commitments are generally contingent upon certain events occurring, including but not limited to the advisor joining LPL Financial. LPL Financial had no such significant unfunded commitments at June 30, 2017 .
Legal & Regulatory Matters
The Company is subject to extensive regulation and supervision by U.S. federal and state agencies and various self-regulatory organizations. The Company and its advisors periodically engage with such agencies and organizations, in the context of examinations or otherwise, to respond to inquiries, informational requests, and investigations. From time to time, such engagements result in regulatory complaints or other matters, the resolution of which can include fines and other remediation. Assessing the probability of a loss occurring and the amount of any loss related to a legal proceeding or regulatory matter is inherently difficult. While the Company exercises significant and complex judgments to make certain estimates presented in its consolidated financial statements, there are particular uncertainties and complexities involved when assessing the potential outcomes of legal proceedings and regulatory matters. The Company’s assessment process considers a variety of factors and assumptions, which may include: the procedural status of the matter and any recent developments; prior experience and the experience of others in similar matters; the size and nature of potential exposures; available defenses; the progress of fact discovery; the opinions of counsel and experts; potential opportunities for settlement and the status of any settlement discussions; as well as the potential for insurance coverage and indemnification, if available. The Company monitors these factors and assumptions for new developments and re-assesses the likelihood that a loss will occur and the estimated range or amount of loss, if those amounts can be reasonably determined. The Company has established an accrual for those legal proceedings and regulatory matters for which a loss is both probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, except as otherwise covered by third-party insurance or self-insurance through its captive insurance subsidiary, as discussed below.
A putative class action lawsuit has been filed against the Company and certain of its executive officers in federal district court alleging certain misstatements and omissions related to the Company’s share repurchases and financial performance in late 2015.
Third-Party Insurance
The Company maintains third-party insurance coverage for certain potential legal proceedings, including those involving client claims. With respect to client claims, the estimated losses on many of the pending matters are less than the applicable deductibles of the insurance policies.
Self-Insurance Liabilities
The Company has self-insurance for certain potential liabilities, including various errors and omissions liabilities, through a wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary. Liabilities associated with the risks that are retained by the Company are not discounted and are estimated by considering, in part, historical claims experience, severity factors, and other actuarial assumptions. The estimated accruals for these potential liabilities could be significantly affected if future occurrences and claims differ from such assumptions and historical trends. As of June 30, 2017 , these self-insurance liabilities are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Self-insurance related charges are included in other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 .

34

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Other Commitments
As of June 30, 2017 , the Company had approximately $ 220.4 million of client margin loans that were collateralized with securities having a fair value of approximately $ 308.5 million that it can re-pledge, loan, or sell. Of these securities, approximately $ 40.9 million were client-owned securities pledged to the Options Clearing Corporation as collateral to secure client obligations related to options positions. As of June 30, 2017 , there were no restrictions that materially limited the Company’s ability to re-pledge, loan, or sell the remaining $ 267.6 million of client collateral.
Trading securities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition includes $ 3.9 million and $ 3.0 million pledged to clearing organizations at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively.
8 . Stockholders’ Equity
Dividends
The payment, timing, and amount of any dividends are subject to approval by the Company’s board of directors (“Board of Directors”) as well as certain limits under the Credit Agreement and the Indenture. Cash dividends per share of common stock and total cash dividends paid on a quarterly basis were as follows for the periods indicated (in millions, except per share data):
2017
2016
Dividend per Share
Total Cash Dividend
Dividend per Share
Total Cash Dividend
First quarter
$
0.25

$
22.6

$
0.25

$
22.2

Second quarter
$
0.25

$
22.6

$
0.25

$
22.3


Share Repurchases
The Company engages in share repurchase programs, which are approved by the Board of Directors, pursuant to which the Company may repurchase its issued and outstanding shares of common stock from time to time. Repurchased shares are included in treasury stock on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Purchases may be effected in open market or privately negotiated transactions, including transactions with affiliates, with the timing of purchases and the amount of stock purchased generally determined at the discretion of the Company’s management within the constraints of the Credit Agreement, the Indenture and general liquidity needs.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , the Company repurchased a total of 910,349 and 1,477,147 shares of its common stock at a weighted-average price of $ 39.78 and $ 39.75 per share for a total cost of $ 36.2 million and $ 58.7 million , respectively. As of June 30, 2017 , the Company was authorized to purchase up to an additional $ 166.3 million of shares pursuant to share repurchase programs approved by the Board of Directors.
9 . Share-Based Compensation
Certain employees, advisors, institutions, officers, and directors of the Company participate in various long-term incentive plans, which provide for granting stock options, warrants, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, deferred stock units, and performance stock units. Stock options and warrants outstanding generally vest in equal increments over a three - to four -year period and expire on the ten th anniversary following the date of grant. Restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, deferred stock units, and performance stock units outstanding generally vest over a one - to four -year period.
In November 2010, the Company adopted a 2010 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (as amended and restated in May 2015, the “2010 Plan”), which provides for the granting of stock options, warrants, restricted stock awards, stock units, and other equity-based compensation. The 2010 Plan serves as the successor to the 2005 Stock Option Plan for Incentive Stock Options, the 2005 Stock Option Plan for Non-qualified Stock Options, the 2008 Advisor and Institution Incentive Plan, the 2008 Stock Option Plan, and the Director Restricted Stock Plan (collectively, the “Predecessor Plans”). Upon adoption of the 2010 Plan, awards were no longer made under the Predecessor Plans; however, awards previously granted under the Predecessor Plans remain outstanding until exercised or forfeited.

35

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


There were 20,055,945 shares authorized for grant under the 2010 Plan after the amendment and restatement of the plan in May 2015. There were 8,367,237 shares reserved for issuance upon exercise or conversion of outstanding awards granted, and 7,642,707 shares remaining available for future issuance under the 2010 Plan, as of June 30, 2017 .
Stock Options and Warrants
The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation model by the Company in calculating the fair value of its employee and officer stock options that have been granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017 :
Expected life (in years)
5.43

Expected stock price volatility
35.27
%
Expected dividend yield
2.61
%
Risk-free interest rate
2.14
%
Fair value of options
$
10.63

The fair value of each stock option or warrant awarded to advisors and financial institutions is estimated on the date of the grant and revalued at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions used during the six months ended June 30, 2017 :
Expected life (in years)
5.40

Expected stock price volatility
35.28
%
Expected dividend yield
2.47
%
Risk-free interest rate
1.85
%
Fair value of options
$
16.84


The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option and warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2017 :
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(In thousands)
Outstanding — December 31, 2016
7,153,982

$
30.40

Granted
851,810

$
39.48

Exercised
( 1,792,964
)
$
26.52

Forfeited
( 230,684
)
$
31.56

Outstanding — June 30, 2017
5,982,144

$
32.81

6.41
$
65,769

Exercisable — June 30, 2017
3,912,178

$
33.84

5.12
$
41,070

Exercisable and expected to vest — June 30, 2017
5,814,155

$
32.78

6.32
$
64,280



36

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The following table summarizes information about outstanding stock options and warrants at June 30, 2017 :
Outstanding
Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-Average
Remaining Life
(Years)
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
$18.04 - $23.02
1,835,722

$
20.29

6.56
933,243

$
20.72

$23.41 - $30.00
940,561

$
28.11

3.96
821,517

$
28.24

$31.60 - $32.33
459,131

$
31.87

5.16
459,131

$
31.87

$34.01 - $39.60
1,361,428

$
37.53

7.33
537,231

$
34.58

$42.60 - $54.81
1,385,302

$
48.25

7.40
1,161,056

$
48.80

5,982,144

$
32.81

6.41
3,912,178

$
33.84


The Company recognizes share-based compensation for stock options awarded to employees and officers based on the grant date fair value over the requisite service period of the award, which generally equals the vesting period. The Company recognized share-based compensation related to the vesting of these awards of $ 1.6 million and $ 2.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, and $ 3.8 million and $ 6.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, which is included in compensation and benefits expense on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. As of June 30, 2017 , total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted to employees and officers was $ 11.2 million , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.19 years.
During 2011 and 2012 the Company granted stock options and warrants to its advisors and financial institutions. Share-based compensation for these awards is based on the fair value of the awards at each reporting period. The Company recognized share-based compensation of $ 0.4 million and $ 0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, and $ 0.7 million and $( 0.3 ) million for during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, related to the vesting of stock options and warrants awarded to its advisors and financial institutions, which is classified within commission and advisory expense on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. As of June 30, 2017 , total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options and warrants granted to advisors and financial institutions was $ 0.5 million , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.42 years.
Restricted Stock and Stock Units
The following summarizes the Company’s activity in its restricted stock awards and stock units, which include restricted stock units, deferred stock units and performance stock units, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 :
Restricted Stock Awards
Stock Units
Number of
Shares
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Number of
Shares
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Nonvested — December 31, 2016
10,404

$
35.85

982,253

$
30.61

Granted
18,700

$
39.73

438,819

$
39.74

Vested
( 16,308
)
$
37.25

( 342,924
)
$
36.10

Forfeited
—

$
—

( 77,874
)
$
32.34

Nonvested — June 30, 2017
12,796

$
39.73

1,000,274

$
32.60

Expected to vest — June 30, 2017
12,796

$
39.73

909,306

$
32.27


The Company grants restricted stock awards and deferred stock units to its directors and restricted stock units and performance stock units to its employees and officers. Restricted stock awards and stock units must vest or else are subject to forfeiture; however, restricted stock awards are included in our shares outstanding upon grant and have the same dividend and voting rights as our common stock. Share-based compensation is based on the grant date fair value and recognized over the requisite service period of the award, which generally equals the vesting period. The Company recognized $ 3.2 million and $ 2.2 million of share-based compensation related to the

37

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


vesting of these restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, deferred stock units, and performance stock units during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively and $ 6.1 million and $ 4.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, which is included in compensation and benefits expense on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. As of June 30, 2017 , total unrecognized compensation cost for restricted stock awards and stock units granted to directors, employees and officers was $ 16.6 million , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining period of 2.26 years.
The Company also grants restricted stock units to its advisors and to financial institutions. Share-based compensation is based on the fair value of the awards at each reporting period. The Company recognized share-based compensation of $ 1.5 million and $ 0.3 million related to the vesting of these restricted stock units during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, and $ 2.9 million and $( 0.8 ) million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, which is classified within commission and advisory expense on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. As of June 30, 2017 , total unrecognized compensation cost for restricted stock units granted to advisors and financial institutions was $ 6.6 million , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining period of 2.05 years.
10 . Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted earnings per share is similar to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential shares of common stock had been issued. The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017
2016
2017
2016
Net income
$
68,434

$
47,849

$
116,623

$
98,241

Basic weighted-average number of shares outstanding
90,251

89,019

90,060

88,992

Dilutive common share equivalents
1,762

680

1,936

677

Diluted weighted-average number of shares outstanding
92,013

89,699

91,996

89,669

Basic earnings per share
$
0.76

$
0.54

$
1.29

$
1.10

Diluted earnings per share
$
0.74

$
0.53

$
1.27

$
1.10


The computation of diluted earnings per share excludes stock options, warrants, and stock units that are anti-dilutive. For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , stock options, warrants, and stock units representing common share equivalents of 2,362,410 shares and 4,862,540 shares, respectively, were anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , stock options, warrants, and stock units representing common share equivalents of 2,022,653 shares and 4,845,406 shares, respectively, were anti-dilutive.
11 .    Income Taxes
The Company’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal corporate tax rate of 35.0 % , primarily as a result of state taxes, settlement contingencies, tax credits, tax deductions that are not expensed for financial statement purposes, and expenses that are not deductible for tax purposes. These items resulted in effective tax rates of 39.3 % and 40.0 % for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 respectively, and 38.0 % and 40.2 % for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The decrease in the Company’s effective tax rate compared to the 2016 periods was primarily due to tax benefits associated with the adoption of ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting for recording stock-based compensation beginning in 2017.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

38

LPL FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


12 . Net Capital and Regulatory Requirements
The Company operates in a highly regulated industry. Applicable laws and regulations restrict permissible activities and investments and require compliance with various financial and customer-related regulations. The consequences of noncompliance can include substantial monetary and non-monetary sanctions. In addition, the Company is also subject to comprehensive examinations and supervision by various governmental and self-regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies generally have broad discretion to prescribe greater limitations on the operations of a regulated entity for the protection of investors or public interest. Furthermore, where the agencies determine that such operations are unsafe or unsound, fail to comply with applicable law, or are otherwise inconsistent with the laws and regulations or with the supervisory policies, greater restrictions may be imposed.
The Company’s registered broker-dealer, LPL Financial, is subject to the SEC’s Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act), which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, as defined. Net capital and the related net capital requirement may fluctuate on a daily basis. LPL Financial is a clearing broker-dealer and had net capital of $ 153.6 million with a minimum net capital requirement of $ 6.3 million as of June 30, 2017 .
The Company’s subsidiary, PTC, operates in a highly regulated industry and is subject to various regulatory capital requirements. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have substantial monetary and non-monetary impacts to PTC’s operations.
As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , LPL Financial and PTC met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.
13 . Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk
LPL Financial’s client securities activities are transacted on either a cash or margin basis. In margin transactions, LPL Financial extends credit to the advisor’s client, subject to various regulatory and internal margin requirements, collateralized by cash or securities in the client’s account. As clients write options contracts or sell securities short, LPL Financial may incur losses if the clients do not fulfill their obligations and the collateral in the clients’ accounts is not sufficient to fully cover losses that clients may incur from these strategies. To control this risk, LPL Financial monitors margin levels daily and clients are required to deposit additional collateral, or reduce positions, when necessary.
LPL Financial is obligated to settle transactions with brokers and other financial institutions even if its advisors’ clients fail to meet their obligation to LPL Financial. Clients are required to complete their transactions on the settlement date, generally three business days after the trade date. If clients do not fulfill their contractual obligations, LPL Financial may incur losses. In addition, the Company occasionally enters into certain types of contracts to fulfill its sale of when, as, and if issued securities. When, as, and if issued securities have been authorized but are contingent upon the actual issuance of the security. LPL Financial has established procedures to reduce this risk by generally requiring that clients deposit cash or securities into their account prior to placing an order.
LPL Financial may at times hold equity securities on both a long and short basis that are recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition at market value. While long inventory positions represent LPL Financial’s ownership of securities, short inventory positions represent obligations of LPL Financial to deliver specified securities at a contracted price, which may differ from market prices prevailing at the time of completion of the transaction. Accordingly, both long and short inventory positions may result in losses or gains to LPL Financial as market values of securities fluctuate. To mitigate the risk of losses, long and short positions are marked-to-market daily and are continuously monitored by LPL Financial.
14 . Subsequent Events
On July 26, 2017 , the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $ 0.25 per share on the Company's outstanding common stock to be paid on August 24, 2017 to all stockholders of record on August 10, 2017 .

39

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market Risk
We maintain trading securities owned and securities sold, but not yet purchased in order to facilitate client transactions, to meet a portion of our clearing deposit requirements at various clearing organizations, and to track the performance of our research models. These securities could include mutual funds, debt securities issued by the U.S. government, money market funds, corporate debt securities, certificates of deposit, and equity securities.
Changes in the value of our trading inventory may result from fluctuations in interest rates, credit ratings of the issuer, equity prices, and the correlation among these factors. We manage our trading inventory by product type. Our activities to facilitate client transactions generally involve mutual fund activities, including dividend reinvestments. The balances are based upon pending client activities, which are monitored by our Service, Trading, and Operations (“STO”) Department. Because these positions arise from pending client transactions, there are no specific trading or position limits. Positions held to meet clearing deposit requirements consist of U.S. government securities. The amount of securities deposited depends upon the requirements of the clearing organization. The level of securities deposited is monitored by the settlement area within our STO Department.
In addition to our trading inventory and our deposit obligations, our Research Department develops model portfolios that are used by advisors in developing client portfolios. We currently maintain 229 accounts based on model portfolios. At the time a portfolio is developed, we purchase the securities in that model portfolio in an amount equal to the account minimum for a client. Account minimums vary by product and can range from $5,000 to $250,000 per model. We utilize these positions to track the performance of the Research Department.
At June 30, 2017 , the fair value of our trading securities owned was $14.4 million . Securities sold, but not yet purchased were immaterial at June 30, 2017 . The fair value of securities included within other assets was $169.9 million at June 30, 2017 . See Note 3 . Fair Value Measurements , within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding the fair value of trading securities owned, securities sold, but not yet purchased, and other assets associated with our client facilitation activities. See Note 4 . Held-to-Maturity Securities , within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding the fair value of securities held to maturity.
We do not enter into contracts involving derivatives or other similar financial instruments for proprietary trading purposes. During the period ended June 30, 2017 , we used a derivative financial instrument, consisting of a non-deliverable foreign currency forward contract, to mitigate foreign currency exchange risk arising under an agreement with a third party service provider. The agreement provides that on each annual anniversary date of the signing of the agreement, the price for services, which are denominated in U.S. dollars, is to be adjusted for the then-current exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Indian rupee. The derivative instrument settled in June 2017.
In addition, we have market risk resulting from system incidents and human error, which can require trade corrections for our customers. We also have market risk on the fees we earn that are based on the market value of brokerage and advisory assets, assets on which trailing commissions are paid, and assets eligible for sponsor payments.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to risk associated with changes in interest rates. As of June 30, 2017 , all of the $1.7 billion of outstanding debt under our Credit Agreement was subject to floating interest rate risk. While our senior secured term loans are subject to increases in interest rates, we do not believe that a short-term change in interest rates would have a material impact on our income before taxes given assets owned, which are subject to the same, but off-setting interest rate risk.

40

The following table summarizes the impact of increasing interest rates on our interest expense from the variable portion of our debt outstanding, calculated using the projected average outstanding balance over the subsequent twelve month period (in thousands):
Outstanding at Variable Interest Rates at
June 30, 2017
Annual Impact of an Interest Rate Increase of
10 Basis
25 Basis
50 Basis
100 Basis
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
Points
Points
Points
Points
Term Loan B
$
1,695,750

$
1,685

$
4,213

$
8,426

$
16,852

Revolving Credit Facility
—

—

—

—

—

Variable Rate Debt Outstanding
$
1,695,750

$
1,685

$
4,213

$
8,426

$
16,852

See Note 6 . Debt , within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Our interest rate risk is mitigated in part by having the interest rate for a portion of the Term Loan B debt, $848 million , locked in for three months and the remaining portion, $848 million , locked in for six months. At the end of each of these periods the rates will be locked in at the then current rate for one, two, three, six, or twelve months as allowed under the Credit Agreement. The effect of these interest rate locks are not included in the table above.
As of June 30, 2017 we offered our advisors and their clients three primary cash sweep vehicles that are interest rate sensitive: our insured cash account (“ICA”) for individuals, trusts and sole proprietorships, an insured deposit cash account (“DCA”) for advisory individual retirement accounts, and a money market sweep vehicle involving multiple money market fund providers. While clients earn interest for balances on deposit in ICA and DCA, we earn a fee. Our fees from ICA are based on prevailing interest rates in the current interest rate environment. Changes in interest rates and fees for the insured bank deposit sweep vehicle are monitored by our Rate Setting Committee (the “RSC”), which governs and approves any changes to our fees. By meeting promptly around the time of Federal Open Market Committee meetings, or for other market or non-market reasons, the RSC considers financial risk of the insured bank deposit sweep vehicle relative to other products into which clients may move cash balances. The fees that we receive from the DCA vehicle are calculated as a per account fee; such fees increase as the federal funds target rate increases, subject to a cap.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of loss due to adverse changes in a borrower’s, issuer’s, or counterparty’s ability to meet its financial obligations under contractual or agreed upon terms. Credit risk includes the risk that loans we extend to advisors to facilitate their transition to our platform or to fund their business development activities are not repaid in full or on time. Credit risk also includes the risk that collateral posted with LPL by clients to support margin lending or derivative trading is insufficient to meet client’s contractual obligations to LPL. We bear credit risk on the activities of our advisors’ clients, including the execution, settlement, and financing of various transactions on behalf of these clients.
These activities are transacted on either a cash or margin basis. Our credit exposure in these transactions consists primarily of margin accounts, through which we extend credit to advisors’ clients collateralized by securities in the client’s account. Under many of these agreements, we are permitted to sell, re-pledge, or loan these securities held as collateral and use these securities to enter into securities lending arrangements or to deliver to counterparties to cover short positions.
As our advisors execute margin transactions on behalf of their clients, we may incur losses if clients do not fulfill their obligations, the collateral in clients’ accounts is insufficient to fully cover losses from such investments, and our advisors fail to reimburse us for such losses. Our losses on margin accounts did not exceed $0.3 million during either of the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 . We monitor exposure to industry sectors and individual securities and perform analyses on a regular basis in connection with our margin lending activities. We adjust our margin requirements if we believe our risk exposure is not appropriate based on market conditions.
We are subject to concentration risk if we extend large loans to or have large commitments with a single counterparty, borrower, or group of similar counterparties or borrowers (e.g. in the same industry), or if we accept a concentrated position as collateral for a margin loan. Receivables from and payables to clients and stock borrowing and lending activities are conducted with a large number of clients and counterparties and potential concentration is carefully monitored. We seek to limit this risk through careful review of the underlying business and the use of limits established by senior management, taking into consideration factors including the financial strength of the counterparty, the size of the position or commitment, the expected duration of the position or commitment and other positions or commitments outstanding.

41

Operational Risk
Operational risk is defined as the risk of loss resulting from failed or inadequate processes or systems, actions by people, or external events. We operate in diverse markets and are reliant on the ability of our employees and information technology systems, as well as third-party service providers and their systems, to manage a large number of transactions effectively. These risks are less direct and quantifiable than credit and market risk, but managing them is critical, particularly in a rapidly changing operating environment with increasing transaction volumes and in light of increasing reliance on systems capabilities and performance, as well as third-party service providers. In the event of a breakdown, obsolescence, or improper operation of systems or improper action by employees, advisors, or third-party service providers, we could suffer business disruptions, financial loss, data loss, regulatory sanctions, and damage to our reputation. Although we have developed business continuity and disaster recovery plans, those plans could be inadequate, disrupted, or otherwise unsuccessful in maintaining the competitiveness, stability, security, or continuity of critical systems as result of, among other things, obsolescence, improper operation, or other limitations of our current technology.
In order to assist in the mitigation and control of operational risk, we have an operational risk framework that enables assessment and reporting on operational risk across the firm. This framework helps ensure policies and procedures are in place and appropriately designed to identify and manage operational risk at appropriate levels throughout our organization and within various departments. These control mechanisms attempt to ensure that operational policies and procedures are being followed and that our employees and advisors operate within established corporate policies and limits. Notwithstanding the foregoing, please consult the Risks Related to our Technology and Risks Related to Our Business Generally sections within Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information about the risks associated with our technology, including risks related to information security, our risk management policies and procedures and the potential related effects on our operations.
Regulatory and Legal Risk
The regulatory environment in which we operate is discussed in detail within Part I, “Item 1, Business Section” in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In recent years, and during the period presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we have observed regulators broaden the scope, frequency, and depth of their examinations to include greater emphasis on the quality and consistency of the industry’s execution of policies and procedures. Please consult the Risks Related to Our Regulatory Environment section within Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information about the risks associated with operating within our regulatory environment, and the potential related effects on our operations.
Risk Management
We employ an enterprise risk management framework (“ERM”) that is intended to address key risks and responsibilities, enable us to execute our business strategy, and protect our Company and its franchise. Our framework is designed to promote clear lines of risk management accountability and a structured escalation process for key risk information and events.
We operate a three lines of defense model whereby the primary ownership for risk and control processes is the responsibility of business and control owners who are the “first line” of defense in effectively managing risks. The first line is responsible for risk process ownership and is comprised of the business units, whose primary responsibility is for day-to-day compliance and risk management, including execution of desktop and supervisory procedures. These business owners and certain control owners implement and execute controls to manage risk, execute risk assessments, identify emerging risks, and comply with risk management policies. The second line of defense is comprised of certain departments within Compliance, Legal and Risk (“CLR”), STO, Business Technology Services (“BTS”), Finance, and Human Capital and this second line of defense provides risk and control assessment and oversight. The third line of defense is independent verification of the effectiveness of internal controls and is conducted by the Internal Audit Department or in third-party reviews.
Our risk management governance approach includes our Board of Directors and certain of its committees; the Risk Oversight Committee of LPL Financial (the “ROC”) and its subcommittees; the Internal Audit Department and the CLR Department of LPL Financial; and business line management. We regularly reevaluate and, when necessary, modify our processes to improve the identification and escalation of risks and events.
Audit Committee of the Board
In addition to its other responsibilities, the Audit Committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee”) reviews our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, as well as our major financial risk exposures and the

42

steps management has undertaken to control them. The Audit Committee generally provides reports to the Board at each of the Board’s regularly scheduled quarterly meetings.
Compensation and Human Resources Committee of the Board
In addition to its other responsibilities, the Compensation and Human Resources Committee of the Board assesses whether our compensation arrangements encourage inappropriate risk-taking, and whether risks arising from our compensation arrangements are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Risk Oversight Committee of LPL Financial
The Audit Committee has mandated that the ROC oversee our risk management activities, including those of our subsidiaries. The Deputy Chief Legal and Risk Officer of LPL Financial serves as chair of the ROC, which generally meets on a monthly basis with ad hoc meetings as necessary. The members of the ROC include certain Managing Directors of LPL Financial, as well as other members of LPL Financial’s senior management team who serve as ex-officio members and represent key control areas of the Company. These individuals include, but are not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer; the Chief Information Security Officer; the Chief AML Officer; and the Regulatory Counsel of LPL Financial. Participation in the ROC by senior officers is intended to ensure that the ROC covers the key risk areas of the Company, including its subsidiaries, and that the ROC thoroughly reviews significant matters relating to risk priorities, policies, control procedures and related exceptions, certain new and complex products and business arrangements, transactions with significant risk elements, and identified emerging risks.
The chair of the ROC provides reports to the Audit Committee at each of the Audit Committee’s regularly scheduled quarterly meetings and, as necessary or requested, to the Board. The reports generally cover topics addressed by the ROC at its meetings since the immediately preceding report. If warranted, matters of material risk are escalated to the Audit Committee or Board more frequently.
Subcommittees of the Risk Oversight Committee
The ROC has established multiple subcommittees that cover key areas of risk. The subcommittees meet regularly and are responsible for keeping the ROC informed and escalating issues in accordance with the Company’s escalation policies. The responsibilities of such subcommittees include, for example, oversight of the approval of new and complex investment products offered to advisors’ clients; oversight of the firm’s technology; issues and trends related to advisor compliance and examination findings; whistle-blower and tips hotline allegations; and oversight of disclosures related to our financial reporting.
Internal Audit Department
The Internal Audit Department provides independent verification of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls by conducting risk assessments and audits designed to identify and cover important risk categories. The Internal Audit Department provides regular reports to the ROC and reports to the Audit Committee at least as often as quarterly.
Control Groups
The CLR Department provides compliance oversight and guidance, and conducts various risk and other assessments to address regulatory and Company-specific risks and requirements. The CLR Department reports to the Chief Legal and Risk Officer, who reviews the results of the Company’s risk management process with the ROC, the Audit Committee, and the Board as necessary. Another key control group is the STO Risk Management team. This team identifies, defines, and remediates risk-related items within STO and acts as the liaison between STO and CLR. We also consider the Internal Audit Department to be a control group.
Business Line Management
Each business line is responsible for managing its risk, and business line management is responsible for keeping senior management, including the members of the ROC, informed of operational risk and escalating risk matters (as defined by the Company’s escalation policies). We have conducted Company-wide escalation training for our employees. Certain business lines, including STO and BTS, have dedicated personnel with responsibilities for monitoring and managing risk-related matters. Business lines are subject to oversight by the control groups, and the Finance, CLR, BTS, and Human Capital Departments also execute certain control functions and report matters to the ROC, Audit Committee, and Board as appropriate.

43

Advisor Policies
In addition to the ERM framework, we also have written policies and procedures that govern the conduct of business by our advisors, employees, and the terms and conditions of our relationships with product manufacturers. Our client and advisor policies address the extension of credit for client accounts, data and physical security, compliance with industry regulations, and codes of conduct and ethics to govern employee and advisor conduct, among other matters.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Disclosure Committee, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective.
Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second quarter ended June 30, 2017 , that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

44

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we have been subjected to and are currently subject to legal proceedings, investigations, examinations, and inquiries arising out of our business operations, including lawsuits, arbitration claims, governmental subpoenas, regulatory, governmental and self-regulatory organization inquiries or investigations, and other actions and claims. In the opinion of management, there are no matters outstanding that would have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial condition. See Note 7 . Commitments and Contingencies , within the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
A putative class action lawsuit has been filed against the Company and certain of its executive officers in federal district court alleging certain misstatements and omissions related to the Company’s share repurchases and financial performance in late 2015. The Company intends to defend vigorously against the lawsuit.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in the information regarding the Company’s risks, as set forth under Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated by Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The table below sets forth information regarding repurchases, reported on a trade date basis, during the three months ended June 30, 2017 :
Period
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
Weighted-Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Programs
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares That
May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Programs
(millions)
April 1, 2017 through April 30, 2017
192,916

$
39.00

192,916

$
195.0

May 1, 2017 through May 31, 2017
309,900

$
39.16

309,900

$
182.9

June 1, 2017 through June 30, 2017
407,533

$
40.64

407,533

$
166.3

Total
910,349

$
39.78

910,349

$
166.3

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.

45

Item 6. Exhibits
3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

10.1

Amended Agreement, dated June 20, 2017, among LPL Financial Holdings Inc., LPL Holdings, the other credit parties party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and the other parties thereto.*
31.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)*
31.2

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)*
32.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.2

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
101.INS

XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label
101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
____________________
*

Filed herewith.
(1
)
Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on
July 9, 2010.
(2
)
Incorporated by reference to the Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2012.
(3
)
Incorporated by reference to the Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2014.
(4
)
Incorporated by reference to the Form 8-K filed on March 12, 2014.


46

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
LPL Financial Holdings Inc.
Date:
August 1, 2017
By:
/s/ DAN H. ARNOLD
Dan H. Arnold
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date:
August 1, 2017
By:
/s/ MATTHEW J. AUDETTE
Matthew J. Audette
Chief Financial Officer


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