As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 22, 2024
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
20-F
OR
For the fiscal year ended
December 31
, 2023
OR
OR
Commission File Number:
1-14728
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
Republic of
|
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| (Translation of registrant’s name into English) | (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | |||||||
Santiago,
Chile
(Address of principal executive offices)
Tel.:
56-2
-
2565-3844
E-mail:
InvestorRelations@latam.com
Santiago,
Chile
(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
| Title of each class: | Name of each exchange on which registered: | |||||||
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Over The Counter (OTC) Markets | |||||||
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Santiago Stock Exchange | |||||||
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
604,437,877,587
.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes
x
No
o
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes
o
No
x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes
x
No
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes
x
No
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
|
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Accelerated filer
o
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Non-Accelerated filer
o
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If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
o
†
The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
x
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
o
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).
o
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
|
U.S. GAAP
o
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Other
o
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If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:
Item 17
o
Item 18
o
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
o
No
x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes
x
No
o
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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iii
iv
PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION
Throughout this annual report on Form 20-F, we make numerous references to “LATAM.” Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “LATAM Airlines Group” are to LATAM Airlines Group S.A., the unconsolidated operating entity, and references to “LATAM,” “we,” “us,” “our,” the “group” or the “Company” are to LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and its consolidated affiliates including: Transporte Aéreo S.A. (“LATAM Airlines Chile”), LATAM Airlines Perú S.A. (f/k/a LAN Perú S.A, “LATAM Airlines Peru”), LATAM-Airlines Ecuador S.A. (f/k/a Aerolane Líneas Aéreas Nacionales del Ecuador S.A., “LATAM Airlines Ecuador”), LAN Argentina S.A. (“LATAM Airlines Argentina,” previously Aero 2000 S.A.), Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. (“LATAM Airlines Colombia”), TAM S.A. (“TAM”), TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. (“LATAM Airlines Brazil”), Transporte Aéreos del Mercosur S.A. (“LATAM Paraguay”), LAN Cargo S.A. (“LATAM Cargo”) and its two regional affiliates: Linea Aerea Carguera de Colombia S.A. (“LANCO” or “LATAM Cargo Colombia”) in Colombia and Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. (“ABSA” or LATAM Cargo Brazil”) in Brazil. Other references to “LATAM”, as the context requires, are to the LATAM brand which was launched in 2016 and brings together, under one internationally recognized name, all of the affiliate brands such as LATAM Airlines Chile, LATAM Airlines Peru, LATAM Airlines Argentina, LATAM Airlines Colombia, LATAM Airlines Ecuador S.A. and LATAM Airlines Brazil.
LATAM Airlines Argentina continues to be a consolidated affiliate, however, on June 17, 2020, it announced the indefinite cessation of its passenger and cargo operations.
References to “LAN” are to LAN Airlines S.A., currently known as LATAM Airlines Group S.A., and its consolidated affiliates, in connection with circumstances and facts occurring prior to the completion date of the merger between LAN Airlines S.A. and TAM S.A. See “Item 4. Information on the Company-A. History and Development of the Company.”
In this annual report on Form 20-F, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “TAM” are to TAM S.A., and its consolidated affiliates, including TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. (“TLA”), which does business under the name “LATAM Airlines Brazil”, Fidelidade Viagens e Turismo Limited (“TAM Viagens”) and Transportes Aéreos Del Mercosur S.A. (“TAM Mercosur”).
LATAM Airlines Group and the majority of our affiliates maintain accounting records and prepare financial statements in U.S. dollars. Some of our affiliates, however, maintain their accounting records and prepare their financial statements in Chilean pesos, Argentinean pesos, Colombian pesos or Brazilian real. In particular, TAM maintains its accounting records and prepares its financial statements in Brazilian real. Our audited consolidated financial statements include the results of these affiliates translated into U.S. dollars. International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS Accounting Standards”), require assets and liabilities to be translated at period-end exchange rates, while revenue and expense accounts are translated at each transaction date, although a monthly rate may also be used if exchange rates do not vary widely.
In this annual report on Form 20-F, all references to “Chile” are references to the Republic of Chile. This annual report contains conversions of certain Chilean peso and Brazilian real amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. These conversions should not be construed as representations that the Chilean peso and the Brazilian real amounts actually represent such U.S. dollar amounts or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the rate indicated. Unless we specify otherwise, all references to “$”, “US$,” “U.S. dollars” or “dollars” are to United States dollars, references to “pesos,” “Chilean pesos” or “Ch$” are to Chilean pesos. References to “real,” “Brazilian real” or “R$” are to Brazilian real, and references to “UF” are to
Unidades de Fomento
, a daily indexed Chilean peso-denominated monetary unit that takes into account the effect of the Chilean inflation rate. Unless we indicate otherwise, the U.S. dollar equivalent for information in Chilean pesos used in this annual report and in our audited consolidated financial statements is based on the “
dólar observado
” or “observed” exchange rate published by
Banco Central de Chile
(the “Central Bank of Chile”)
on December 31, 2023, which was Ch$877.12 = US$1.00. The observed exchange rate on January 31, 2024, was Ch$932.26 = US$1.00. Unless we indicate otherwise, the U.S. dollar equivalent for information in Brazilian real used in this annual report and in our audited consolidated financial statements is based on the average
“bid and offer rate”
published by Banco Central do Brasil (the “Central Bank of Brazil”) on December 31, 2023, which was R$4.8413 = US$1.00. The observed exchange rate on January 31, 2024, was R$4.9535 = US$1.00. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos or Brazilian real. Unless we indicate otherwise, the Chilean peso equivalent for information in UF used in this annual report and in our audited consolidated financial statements is based on the UF rate published by Central Bank of Chile on December 31, 2023, which was Ch$36,789.36 = UF1.00 or US$41.94 = UF1.00 (based on an exchange rate of Ch$877.12 = US$1.00).
v
LATAM has a single series of shares of Common Stock, without par value, listed on Chilean Stock Exchange and American Depositary Shares (evidenced by American Depositary Receipts), each representing one share of Common Stock, that were listed on the New York Stock Exchange until June 22, 2020, and currently trade in the over-the-counter market.
We have rounded percentages and certain U.S. dollar, Chilean peso and Brazilian real amounts contained in this annual report for ease of presentation. Any discrepancies in any table between totals and the sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.
LATAM’s audited consolidated financial statements for the periods ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards.
This annual report contains certain terms that may be unfamiliar to some readers. You can find a glossary of these terms on page
ix
of this annual report.
vi
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report contains forward-looking statements. Such statements may include words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe”, “forecast” or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are not statements of historical facts. These statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections, and, therefore, you should not place undue reliance on them. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. We caution you that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. These factors include, but are not limited to:
•
conflicting interests among our major shareholders;
•
the factors described in “Item 3. Key Information-Risk Factors”;
•
our ability to service our debt and fund our working capital requirements;
•
future demand for passenger and cargo air services in Chile, Brazil, other countries in Latin America and the rest of the world;
•
maintenance of our customer relationships due to potential changes in customers’ perception of the company, our brands and services in the future;
•
the state of the Chilean, Brazilian, other Latin American and world economies and their impact on the airline industry;
•
the effects of competition in the airline industry;
•
future terrorist incidents, cyberattacks or related activities affecting the airline industry;
•
future outbreak of diseases, or the spread of already existing diseases, affecting travel behavior and/or exports;
•
natural disasters affecting travel behavior and/or exports;
•
the relative value of the Chilean peso and other Latin American currencies compared to other world currencies;
•
the impact of geopolitical risk on the price of fuel, exchange rates, and demand for travel;
•
inflation;
•
competitive pressures on pricing;
•
our capital expenditure plans;
•
changes in labor costs, maintenance costs and insurance premiums;
•
fluctuation of crude oil prices and its effect on fuel costs;
•
cyclical and seasonal fluctuations in our operating results;
•
defects or mechanical problems with our aircraft;
•
problems with suppliers of aircraft, aircraft engines and engine parts;
•
our ability to successfully implement our growth strategy;
•
increases in interest rates; and
•
changes in regulations, including regulations related to access to routes in which the group operates and environmental regulations.
vii
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update any of them, whether in light of new information, future events or otherwise. You should also read carefully the risk factors described in “Item 3. Key Information-Risk Factors.”
viii
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The following terms, as used in this annual report, have the meanings set forth below.
| Consolidated Affiliates of LATAM: | |||||
| “ABSA or LATAM Cargo Brazil” | Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A., incorporated in Brazil. | ||||
| “LANCO” or "LATAM Cargo Colombia" | Línea Aérea Carguera de Colombia S.A., incorporated in Colombia. | ||||
| “LATAM Airlines Argentina” | LAN Argentina S.A., incorporated in Argentina. | ||||
| “LATAM Airlines Brazil” | TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A., incorporated in Brazil. | ||||
| “LATAM Airlines Chile” | Transporte Aéreo S.A., incorporated in Chile. | ||||
| “LATAM Airlines Paraguay” | Transporte Aéreos del Mercosur S.A., incorporated in Paraguay. | ||||
| “LATAM Airlines Colombia” | Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A., incorporated in Colombia. | ||||
| “LATAM Airlines Ecuador” | LATAM-Airlines Ecuador S.A. (f/k/a Aerolane Líneas Aéreas Nacionales del Ecuador S.A.), incorporated in Ecuador. | ||||
| “LATAM Airlines Peru” | LATAM Airlines Perú S.A. (f/k/a LAN Perú S.A.), incorporated in Perú. | ||||
| “LATAM Cargo” | LAN Cargo S.A., incorporated in Chile. | ||||
| “TAM” | TAM S.A., incorporated in Brazil. | ||||
| Capacity Measurements: | |||||
| “available seat kilometers” or “ASKs” | The sum, across our network, of the number of seats made available for sale on each flight multiplied by the kilometers flown by the respective flight. | ||||
| “available ton kilometers” or “ATKs” | The sum, across our network, of the number of tons available for the transportation of revenue load (cargo) on each flight multiplied by the kilometers flown by the respective flight. | ||||
| Traffic Measurements: | |||||
| “revenue passenger kilometers” or “RPKs” | The sum, across our network, of the number of revenue passengers on each flight multiplied by the number of kilometers flown by the respective flight. | ||||
| “revenue ton kilometers” or “RTKs” | The sum, across our network, of the load (cargo) in tons on each flight multiplied by the kilometers flown by the respective flight. | ||||
| “traffic revenue” | Revenue from passenger and cargo operations. | ||||
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| Yield Measurements: | |||||
| “cargo yield” | Revenue from cargo operations divided by RTKs. | ||||
| “passenger yield” | Revenue from passenger operations divided by RPKs. | ||||
| Load Factors: | |||||
| “cargo load factor” | RTKs expressed as a percentage of ATKs. | ||||
| “passenger load factor” | RPKs expressed as a percentage of ASKs. | ||||
|
Other
:
|
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| “Airbus A320-Family Aircraft” | The Airbus A319, Airbus A320, and Airbus A321 models of aircraft, including both ceo and neo variants. | ||||
| “m²” | Square meters. | ||||
| “ton” | A metric ton, equivalent to 2,204.6 pounds. | ||||
| “utilization rates” | The actual number of service hours per aircraft per operating day. | ||||
| “operating expenses” | Operating expenses, which are calculated in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards, comprise the sum of the line items “cost of sales” plus “distribution costs” plus “administrative expenses” plus “other operating expenses,” as shown on our consolidated statement of comprehensive income. These operating expenses include: wages and benefits, fuel, depreciation and amortization, commissions to agents, aircraft rentals, other rental and landing fees, passenger services, aircraft maintenance and other operating expenses. | ||||
| “MiSchDynamicDT” | Market Intelligence Schedule Dynamic Table. | ||||
| “Diio Mi” | Data In Intelligence Out Market Intelligence. | ||||
| “CO2” | Carbon Dioxide Gas | ||||
x
PART I
ITEM 1 IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2 OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3 KEY INFORMATION
A.
Reserved
B.
Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C.
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D.
Risk Factors
The following risk factors, and those important risk factors described in other reports we submit to or file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), could affect our actual results and could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf.
In order to assess the risks outlined in the risk factors, we have a comprehensive risk model that encompasses various aspects of our business and it is reviewed quarterly. This risk model serves as a framework to identify, assess, and mitigate potential risks that may impact our organization. We understand that risk landscapes evolve, and therefore, we conduct continuous reviews of our risk model to ensure its relevance and effectiveness in addressing emerging risks.
In particular, as we are a non-U.S. company, there are risks associated with investing in our ADSs that are not typical for investments in the shares of U.S. companies. Prior to making an investment decision, you should carefully consider all of the information contained in this document, including those described below.
Risk Factors Summary
The following is a summary of the principal risks that could adversely affect our business, operations and financial results.
Risks Relating to our Business
•
High levels of competition in the airline industry and the consolidation or mergers of competitors in the markets in which the group operates, may adversely affect the level of operations.
•
Some of our competitors may receive external support, which could adversely impact our competitive position.
•
The group’s business and results of operations may be adversely affected if we fail to obtain and maintain routes, suitable airport access, slots and other operating permits.
•
It cannot be assured that in the future we will have access to adequate facilities and landing rights necessary to achieve our expansion plans.
•
The group depends on strategic alliances or commercial relationships in many different countries, and the business may suffer if any of our strategic alliances or commercial relationships terminates.
•
A failure to successfully implement the group’s strategy or a failure to adjust such strategy to the current economic situation would harm the group’s business and the market value of our ADSs and common shares.
•
LATAM may experience difficulty finding, training and retaining employees, which can lead to increased costs and impair our ability to execute strategy and implement operational initiatives.
1
•
If we lose senior management and other key employees and they are not replaced by individuals with comparable skills, or we otherwise fail to maintain our company culture, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
•
Our business may experience adverse consequences if we are unable to reach satisfactory collective bargaining agreements with unionized employees. Collective action by employees could cause operating disruptions and adversely impact our business.
•
We rely on maintaining a high aircraft utilization rate to increase our revenues and absorb our fixed costs, which makes us especially vulnerable to delays.
•
Our operations are subject to fluctuations in the supply and cost of jet fuel, which could adversely impact our business.
•
We are exposed to increases in landing fees and other airport service charges that could adversely affect our margin and competitive position.
•
A significant portion of our cargo revenue comes from relatively few product types and may be impacted by events affecting their production, trade or demand.
•
An accumulation of ticket refunds could have an adverse effect on our financial results.
•
If we are unable to incorporate leased aircraft into the fleet at acceptable rates and terms in the future, our business could be adversely affected.
•
Increases in insurance costs and/or significant reductions in coverage could harm our financial condition and results of operations.
•
Increases in our labor costs, which constitute a substantial portion of our total operating expenses, could directly impact our earnings.
•
We face reputational risks related to the use of social media.
Safety Operational Risks
•
We depend on a limited number of suppliers for certain aircraft and engine parts. LATAM flies and depends on Airbus and Boeing aircraft, and our business could be adversely affected if we do not receive timely deliveries of aircraft, if aircraft from these suppliers become unavailable or if the public develops a negative perception of the aircraft we use in our operations.
•
Problems with air traffic control systems or other technical failures could interrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business.
•
Losses and liabilities in the event of an accident involving one or more of our aircraft could materially affect our business.
•
Prolonged technical and operational issues with the airport infrastructure in cities where we have a significant presence may have a material adverse effect on our operations.
•
Our business may be adversely affected by a downturn in the airline industry caused by exogenous events that affect travel behavior or increase costs, such as outbreak of disease, weather conditions and natural disasters, war or terrorist attacks.
•
The impacts of a pandemic and the efforts to mitigate the spread of a virus may adversely impact the group’s business, operations and financial results.
•
Disruptions or security breaches of our information technology infrastructure or systems could interfere with the operations, compromise passenger or employee information, and expose us to liability, which may adversely affect our business and reputation.
Risks Relating to the Airline Industry and the Countries in Which We Operate
•
Because our performance is heavily dependent on economic conditions in the countries in which the group does business, negative economic conditions in those countries could adversely impact the group’s business and results of operations and cause the market price of our common shares and ADSs to decrease.
•
Latin American governments have exercised and continue to exercise significant influence over their economies.
•
Political instability and social unrest in Latin America may adversely affect our business.
2
•
Because our business relies extensively on third-party service providers, failure of these parties to perform as expected, or interruptions in our relationships with these providers or in their provision of services to us, could have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
•
Our financial results are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations.
Environmental and Regulatory Risks
•
Our reputation and brand could be adversely impacted if we fail to make progress towards achieving our environmental sustainability and diversity, equity and inclusion goals.Our operations are subject to local, national and international environmental regulations; costs of compliance with applicable regulations, or the consequences of noncompliance, could adversely affect our results, our business or our reputation.
•
Our business may be adversely affected by the consequences of climate change.
•
The business is highly regulated and changes in the regulatory environment in the different countries may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
•
We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and antitrust laws and regulations in Chile, Brazil, Peru, the United States and in the various other countries in which we operate. Violations of any such laws or regulations could have a material adverse impact on our reputation and results of operations and financial condition.
•
We are subject to risks relating to litigation and administrative proceedings that could adversely affect the business and financial performance in the event of an unfavorable ruling.
•
Rapid technological advancements and digitalization could generate risks in implementation and regulatory control.
•
Our reputation and brand could be adversely impacted if we fail to make progress towards achieving our environmental sustainability and diversity, equity and inclusion goals.
Risks Related to our Indebtedness
•
We have substantial liquidity needs and continue to pursue various financing options. Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to service our debt or meet our future financing requirements.
•
We have significant exposure to SOFR and other floating interest rates; increases in interest rates will increase our financing cost and may have adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations.
•
Our debt agreements contain various affirmative, negative and financial covenants, which could limit our ability to conduct our business. A breach of certain negative covenants could also trigger an event of default and acceleration of our indebtedness.
Risks Relating to our Common shares and ADRs
•
Our major shareholders may have interests that differ from those of ADRs holders.
•
Holders of ADRs may be adversely affected by the substantial dilution of the shares represented by ADRs.
•
Trading of our ADSs and common shares in the securities markets is limited and could experience further illiquidity and price volatility.
•
Holders of ADRs may be adversely affected by currency devaluations and foreign exchange fluctuations.
•
Future changes in Chilean foreign investment controls and withholding taxes could negatively affect non-Chilean residents that invest in our shares.
•
Our ADS holders may not be able to exercise preemptive rights in certain circumstances.
•
We are not required to disclose as much information to investors as a U.S. issuer is required to disclose and, as a result, you may receive less information about us than you would receive from a comparable U.S. company.
Risks Relating to our Business
High levels of competition in the airline industry and the consolidation or mergers of competitors in the markets in which the group operates, may adversely affect the level of operations.
3
Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by high levels of competition within the industry, particularly the entrance of new competitors into the markets in which the group operates, and the potential implementation of aggressive pricing strategies by competitors. Airlines compete primarily over fare levels, frequency and dependability of service, brand recognition, passenger amenities (such as frequent flyer programs) and the availability and convenience of other passenger or cargo services. New and existing airlines (and companies providing ground cargo or passenger transportation) could enter our markets and compete with us on any of these bases, including by offering lower prices, more attractive services or increasing their route offerings in an effort to gain greater market share. For more information regarding our main competitors, see “Item 4. Information of the Company—Business Overview—Passenger Operations-International Passenger Operations” and “Item 4. Information of the Company—Business Overview—Passenger Operations—Business Model for Domestic Operations”.
Low-cost carriers have an important impact on the industry’s revenues given their low unit costs. Lower costs allow low-cost carriers to offer inexpensive fares which, in turn, allow price sensitive customers to fly or to shift from legacy carriers to low cost carriers. In past years we have seen more interest in the development of the low-cost model throughout Latin America. For example, Sky Airline and JetSmart are main competitors in the Chilean and Peruvian markets and both have low-cost business models. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted changes in business models, with Avianca transitioning to a low-cost model. Additionally, some of these airlines have pursued strategies of consolidation through alliances or mergers with legacy carriers. Examples include the creation of Abra Group (Avianca and Gol) and the recent approval by relevant authorities for American Airlines to acquire a minority stake in JetSmart.
In the Cargo business, companies such as Maersk, CMA CGM and MSC have begun to compete in air transportation, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the scarcity of containers; CMA CGM and Air France-KLM airlines agreed to share cargo space in their airplanes; and American Airlines Cargo and Web Cargo have partnered to increase their destinations. These consolidations, mergers or new alliances might continue to appear, increasing the concentration and levels of competition.
Moreover, as a result of the competitive environment, there may be further consolidation in the Latin American and global airline industry, whether by means of acquisitions, joint ventures, partnerships or strategic alliances. We cannot predict the effects of further consolidation on the industry. Furthermore, consolidation in the airline industry and changes in international alliances will continue to affect the competitive landscape in the industry and may result in the development of airlines and alliances with increased financial resources, more extensive global networks and reduced cost structures.
International strategic growth plans rely, in part, upon receipt of regulatory approvals of the countries in which we plan to expand our operations with joint business agreements. The group may not be able to obtain those approvals, while other competitors might be approved. Accordingly, we might not be able to compete for the same routes as our competitors, which could diminish our market share and adversely impact our financial results. No assurances can be given as to any benefits, if any, that we may derive from such agreements.
Some of our competitors may receive external support, which could adversely impact our competitive position.
Some of our competitors may receive support from external sources, such as their national governments, which may be unavailable to us. Support may include, among others, subsidies, financial aid or tax waivers. This support could place the group at a competitive disadvantage and adversely affect operations and financial performance. For example, Aerolineas Argentinas has historically been government subsidized. Additionally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some competitors on long-haul routes (such as American Airlines, Delta Airlines, Southwest, United and Airfrance-KLM) received government support. This support could place us at a competitive disadvantage and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations
The group’s business and results of operations may be adversely affected if we fail to obtain and maintain routes, suitable airport access, slots and other operating permits.
LATAM’s business depends upon our access to key routes and airports. Bilateral aviation agreements between countries, open skies laws and local aviation approvals frequently involve political and other considerations outside of our control. The group’s operations could be constrained by any delay or inability to gain access to key routes or airports, including:
•
limitations on our ability to transport more passengers;
•
the imposition of flight capacity restrictions;
4
•
the inability to secure or maintain route rights in local markets or under bilateral agreements; or
•
the inability to maintain our existing slots and obtain additional slots.
The group operates numerous international routes subject to bilateral agreements, as well as domestic flights within Chile, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia, subject to local route and airport access approvals. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulation.”
There can be no assurance that existing bilateral agreements with the countries in which the group’s companies are based and permits from foreign governments will continue to be in effect. A modification, suspension or revocation of one or more bilateral agreements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The suspension of our permission to operate at certain airports, destinations or slots, or the imposition of other sanctions could also have a material adverse effect on our business. A change in the administration of current laws and regulations or the adoption of new laws and regulations in any of the countries in which the group operates that restrict our routes, airports or other access may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
It cannot be assured that in the future we will have access to adequate facilities and landing rights necessary to achieve our expansion plans.
Certain airports that we currently serve or plan to serve in the future may have capacity constraints and impose various restrictions. These restrictions include limitations on takeoff and landing slots during specific periods of the day and restrictions on aircraft noise levels. We cannot guarantee that our group will be able to secure an adequate number of slots, gates, and other facilities at airports to expand our services in line with our growth strategy. Additionally, airports that are currently not subject to capacity constraints may face such constraints in the future.
Furthermore, airlines must use their slots regularly and promptly, or they risk losing them to other carriers. If slots or other airport resources are unavailable or restricted in any way, we may need to modify schedules, alter routes, or reduce aircraft utilization. It is also possible that aviation authorities in the countries where our group operates may change the rules for assigning takeoff and landing slots. An example of this is the São Paulo airport (Congonhas), where slots previously operated by Avianca Brazil were reassigned primarily to Azul in 2019, after the Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil in Brazil (ANAC) approved new rules for slot distribution. Likewise, on June 7, 2022, ANAC passed Resolution No. 682, by which the ANAC approved new regulation for airport coordination and defined the rules for allocating and monitoring the use of airport infrastructure through the use of slots (e.g., coordination of arrival and departure times) at coordinated airports. It also updated the parameters applicable to the airports of Congonhas, Guarulhos (Governador André Franco Montoro International Airport), Rio de Janeiro (Santos Dumont Airport), Recife (Gilberto Freyre International Airport) and Pampulha (Carlos Drummond de Andrade Airport). The occurrence of any of these scenarios involving LATAM operations could have a negative financial impact on our business.
Moreover, we cannot guarantee that airports without current restrictions will not implement restrictions in the future, or that existing restrictions will not become more burdensome. These restrictions may limit our ability to continue providing services or expanding our operations at these airports.
The group depends on strategic alliances or commercial relationships in many different countries, and the business may suffer if any of our strategic alliances or commercial relationships terminates.
We maintain a number of alliances and other commercial relationships in many of the jurisdictions in which LATAM and its affiliates operate. These alliances or commercial relationships allow us to enhance our network and, in some cases, to offer our customers services that we could not otherwise offer. If any of our strategic alliances or commercial relationships deteriorate, or any of these agreements are terminated, the group’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
A failure to successfully implement the group’s strategy or a failure to adjust such strategy to the current economic situation would harm the group’s business and the market value of our ADSs and common shares.
We have developed a strategic plan with the goal of becoming one of the most admired airlines in the world and renewing our commitment to sustained profitability and superior returns to shareholders. Our strategy requires us to identify value propositions that are attractive to our clients, to find efficiencies in our daily operations, and to transform ourselves into a stronger and more risk-resilient company. A tenet of our strategic plan is the continuing adoption of a new
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travel model for domestic and international services to address the changing dynamics of customers and the industry, and to increase our competitiveness. The new travel model is based on passenger segmentation and fare unbundling, allowing air travel to be accessible to a wider audience and, with a special focus on those who wish to fly more frequently and those seeking a premium service. This model requires continued cost reduction efforts and increasing revenues from ancillary activities. In connection with these efforts, the group continues to implement a series of initiatives to reduce cost per ASK in all its operations as well as developing new ancillary revenue initiatives.
Difficulties in implementing our strategy may adversely affect the group’s business, results of operation and the market value of our ADSs and common shares.
LATAM may experience difficulty finding, training and retaining employees, which can lead to increased costs and impair our ability to execute strategy and implement operational initiatives.
The airline industry is labor intensive. We employ a large number of pilots, flight attendants, maintenance technicians and other operating and administrative personnel, such as specialized technology personnel. The airline industry has, from time to time, experienced a shortage of qualified personnel, especially pilots and maintenance technicians, which has somewhat intensified during the recovery phase of air traffic following the peak of the pandemic. Should turnover of employees, particularly pilots and maintenance technicians, sharply increase, our training costs will be significantly higher. LATAM cannot assure that it will be able to recruit, train and retain the managers, pilots, technicians and other qualified employees that are needed to continue the current operations or replace departing employees. An increase in turnover or failure to recruit, train and retain qualified employees at a reasonable cost could materially adversely affect the business, financial condition, and results of operations. A loss of key personnel or material erosion of employee morale could impair the ability to execute strategy and implement operational initiatives, thereby adversely affecting the group.
If we lose senior management and other key employees and they are not replaced by individuals with comparable skills, or we otherwise fail to maintain our company culture, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
We are dependent on the experience and industry knowledge of our officers and other key employees to design and execute our business plans. If we experience a substantial turnover in our leadership and other key employees and we are not able to replace these persons with individuals with comparable skills, or we otherwise fail to maintain our company culture, our performance could be materially adversely impacted. Furthermore, we may be unable to attract and retain additional qualified senior management and other key personnel as needed in the future.
Our business may experience adverse consequences if we are unable to reach satisfactory collective bargaining agreements with unionized employees. Collective action by employees could cause operating disruptions and adversely impact our business.
As of December 31, 2023, approximately 45% of the group’s employees, including administrative personnel, cabin crew, flight attendants, pilots and maintenance technicians are members of unions and have contracts and collective bargaining agreements which expire on a regular basis. The business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by a failure to reach agreement with any labor union representing such employees or by an agreement with a labor union that contains terms that are not in line with expectations or that prevent the group from competing effectively with other airlines. For further information regarding the unions representing employees in each country in which the group operates and where we have established collective bargaining agreements, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Employees—Labor Relations.”
Certain employee groups such as pilots, flight attendants, mechanics and our airport personnel have highly specialized skills. As a consequence, actions by these groups, such as strikes, walk-outs or stoppages, could severely disrupt operations and adversely impact our operating and financial performance, as well as our image.
A strike, work interruption or stoppage or any prolonged dispute with employees who are represented by any of these unions could have an adverse impact on operations. These risks are typically exacerbated during periods of renegotiation with the unions, which typically occurs every two to four years depending on the jurisdiction and the union. Any renegotiated collective bargaining agreement could feature significant wage increases and a consequent increase in our operating expenses. Any failure to reach an agreement during negotiations with unions may require us to enter into arbitration proceedings, use financial and management resources, and potentially agree to terms that are less favorable to us
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than our existing agreements. Employees who are not currently members of unions may also form new unions that may seek further wage increases or benefits.
On October 6, 2023, the unionized air traffic controllers affiliated with the Chilean College of Air Traffic Controllers (
Colegio de Controladores de Tránsito Aéreo, ATC
) held a partial nationwide strike to demand several concessions from national authorities. The strike lasted 2 days and affected only domestic flights at Arturo Merino Benitez Airport in Chile.
On October 3, 2023 airport employees at Governador André Franco Montoro International Airport, in Guarulhos, Brazil, protested against the ban on the use of cell phones in loading and unloading areas during working hours. This event caused delays in LATAM Airlines Brazil’s domestic flights which also impacted on the group’s international operations. However, this event lasted 2 days, after which we took mitigation actions (such as changes of date, flight, rerouting and destinations) to regularize our operations.
Although LATAM has established protocols to contain these type of situations, there is no guarantee that we will be able to reach a mutually beneficial agreement in the event of any future disagreements with our employees and unions.
We rely on maintaining a high aircraft utilization rate to increase our revenues and absorb our fixed costs, which makes us especially vulnerable to delays.
Generally, a key element of our strategy is to maintain a high daily aircraft utilization rate, which measures the number of hours we use our aircraft per day. High daily aircraft utilization allows us to maximize the amount of revenue we generate from our aircraft and absorb the fixed costs associated with our fleet and is achieved, in part, by reducing turnaround times at airports and developing schedules that enable us to increase the average hours flown per day. Our rate of aircraft utilization could be adversely affected by a number of different factors that are beyond our control, including air traffic and airport congestion, adverse weather conditions, unanticipated maintenance and delays by third-party service providers relating to matters such as fueling, catering and ground handling. If aircraft fall behind schedule, the resulting delays could cause a disruption in our operating performance and have a financial impact on our results.
Our operations are subject to fluctuations in the supply and cost of jet fuel, which could adversely impact our business.
Higher jet fuel prices could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Jet fuel costs have historically accounted for a significant amount of our operating expenses, and accounted for 37.2% of our total costs of sales in 2023. For additional information, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Risk of Fluctuations in Fuel Prices.” Both the cost and availability of fuel are subject to many economic and political factors and events that we can neither control nor predict, including international political and economic circumstances such as the political instability in major oil-exporting countries. Any future fuel supply shortage (for example, as a result of production curtailments by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or “OPEC”), a disruption of oil imports, supply disruptions resulting from severe weather or natural disasters, labor actions such as the 2018 trucking strike in Brazil, the continued unrest in the Middle East, the conflict in Ukraine or other events could result in higher fuel prices or reductions in scheduled airline services. We cannot ensure that we would be able to offset any increases in the price of fuel. In addition, lower fuel prices may result in lower fares through the reduction or elimination of fuel surcharges. We have entered into fuel hedging arrangements, but there can be no assurance that such arrangements will be adequate to protect us from an increase in fuel prices in the near future or in the long term. See “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Risk of Fluctuations in Fuel Prices.”
We are exposed to increases in landing fees and other airport service charges that could adversely affect our margins and competitive position.
The group must pay fees to airport operators for the use of their facilities. Any substantial increase in airport charges, including at Guarulhos International Airport in São Paulo, Jorge Chavez International Airport in Lima or Comodoro Arturo Merino Benitez International Airport in Santiago, could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. Passenger taxes and airport charges have increased substantially in recent years. We cannot assure that the airports in which the group operates will not increase or maintain high passenger taxes and service charges in the future. Any such increases could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
A significant portion of our cargo revenue comes from relatively few product types and may be impacted by events affecting their production, trade or demand.
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The group’s cargo demand, especially from Latin American exporters, is concentrated in a small number of product categories, such as exports of fish, shell fish and fruit from Chile, asparagus from Peru and fresh flowers from Ecuador and Colombia. Events that adversely affect the production, trade or demand for these goods may adversely affect the volume of goods that are transported and may have a significant impact on the results of operations. Future trade protection measures by or against the countries for which we provide cargo services may have an impact on cargo traffic volumes and adversely affect our financial results. Some of the cargo products are sensitive to foreign exchange rates and, therefore, traffic volumes could be impacted by the appreciation or depreciation of local currencies.
An accumulation of ticket refunds could have an adverse effect on our financial results.
If the group is required to pay out a substantial amount of ticket refunds in cash, this could have an adverse effect on our financial results or liquidity position. Furthermore, LATAM has agreements with financial institutions that process customer credit card transactions for the sale of air travel and other services. Under certain of LATAM’s credit card processing agreements, the financial institutions in certain circumstances have the right to require that LATAM maintain a reserve equal to a portion of advance ticket sales that have been processed by that financial institution, but for which LATAM has not yet provided the service (i.e., air transportation). Such financial institutions may require cash or other collateral reserves to be established or withholding of payments related to receivables to be collected, including if LATAM does not maintain certain minimum levels of unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Refunds lower our liquidity and put us at risk of triggering liquidity covenants in these processing agreements and, in doing so, could force us to post cash collateral with the credit card companies for advance ticket sales.
If we are unable to incorporate leased aircraft into the fleet at acceptable rates and terms in the future, our business could be adversely affected.
A large portion of the aircraft fleet is subject to long-term leases. The leases typically run from 3 to 12 years from the date of execution. We may face more competition for, or a limited supply of, leased aircraft, making it difficult to negotiate on competitive terms upon expiration of the current leases or to lease additional capacity required for the targeted level of operations. If we are forced to pay higher lease rates in the future to maintain our capacity and the number of aircraft in the fleet, our profitability could be adversely affected.
Increases in insurance costs and/or significant reductions in coverage could harm our financial condition and results of operations.
Significant events affecting the aviation insurance industry (such as terrorist attacks, airline crashes or accidents and health epidemics and the related widespread government-imposed travel restrictions) may result in significant increases of airlines’ insurance premiums and/or relevant decreases of insurance coverage. Further increases in insurance costs and/or reductions in available insurance coverage could have a material impact on our financial results, change the insurance strategy, and also increase the risk of uncovered losses.
Increases in our labor costs, which constitute a substantial portion of our total operating expenses, could directly impact our earnings.
Labor costs constitute a significant percentage of our total cost of sales (14.9%% in 2023) and at times in our operating history we have experienced pressure to increase wages and benefits for our employees. A significant increase in our labor costs could result in a material reduction in our earnings.
We face reputational risks related to the use of social media.
LATAM frequently uses social media platforms as marketing tools. These platforms provide LATAM, as well as individuals, with access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. Negative commentary regarding LATAM or the products it sells may be posted on social media platforms and similar devices at any time and may be adverse to LATAM’s reputation or business. Further, as laws, regulations, and different platforms’ terms of service rapidly evolve to govern the use of social media, the failure by LATAM, its employees or third parties acting on LATAM’s behalf to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of these platforms and devices could adversely impact the LATAM’s business, financial condition, and results of operations or subject it to fines or other penalties.
Safety Operational Risks
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We depend on a limited number of suppliers for certain aircraft and engine parts. LATAM flies and depends on Airbus and Boeing aircraft, and our business could be adversely affected if we do not receive timely deliveries of aircraft, if aircraft from these suppliers become unavailable or if the public
develops a negative perception of the aircraft we use in our operations.
We depend on a limited number of suppliers for aircraft, aircraft engines and many aircraft and engine parts. As a result, we are vulnerable to problems associated with the supply of those aircraft, parts and engines, including design defects, mechanical problems, contractual performance by the suppliers, or adverse perception by the public that would result in unscheduled maintenance requirements, in customer avoidance or in actions by the aviation authorities resulting in an inability to operate our aircraft. During the year 2023, LATAM Airlines Group’s main suppliers were aircraft manufacturers Airbus and Boeing.
In addition to Airbus and Boeing, LATAM Airlines has a number of other suppliers, primarily related to aircraft accessories, spare parts, and components, including Pratt Whitney Canada, MTU Maintenance, Rolls-Royce, General Electric Commercial Aviation Services Ltd., General Electric Celma, General Electric Engines Service, CMF International and Honeywell, among others.
As of December 31, 2023, LATAM Group had a total fleet of 256 Airbus and 77 Boeing aircraft (38 of these aircraft are non-current assets classified as held for sale). Risks relating to Airbus and Boeing include:
•
our failure or inability to obtain Airbus or Boeing aircraft, parts or related support services on a timely basis because of high demand, aircraft delivery backlog or other factors;
•
the interruption of fleet service as a result of unscheduled or unanticipated maintenance requirements for these aircraft;
•
the issuance by the Chilean or other aviation authorities of directives restricting or prohibiting the use of our Airbus or Boeing aircraft, or requiring time-consuming inspections and maintenance;
•
adverse public perception of a manufacturer as a result of safety concerns, negative publicity or other problems, whether real or perceived, in the event of an accident;
•
delays between the time we realize the need for new aircraft and the time it takes us to arrange for Airbus and Boeing or for a third-party provider to deliver this aircraft; or
•
the delay, for any reason, to conclude cabin upgrade projects that could result in aircraft unavailability for a certain period of time.
The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the aviation industry, along with the subsequent global supply chain challenges faced by manufacturers and distributors, resulted in a widespread shortage of aircraft and delays in scheduled deliveries. Consequently, the waiting period for obtaining new aircraft as well as the time between a new order and its delivery became longer, affecting both Airbus and Boeing, as well as LATAM.
On July 25, 2023, Pratt Whitney disclosed a powder metal contamination issue affecting PW1100 GTF engines, which power Airbus Neo Family aircraft. Pratt Whitney also disclosed that they had designed a plan to remove and inspect those engines. As of December 31, 2023, LATAM group reported 31 Airbus Neo family aircraft within its fleet (approximately 9% of the total fleet). The total number of AOG (Aircraft on Ground) affecting LATAM group’s operations is a fraction of this number and will depend on the turnaround time of the shop inspection and engine repair, and the level of cycles that the engines have. While we do not yet know the full impact of these operational disruptions resulting from engine shortages from Pratt Whitney, potential reduction of air traffic could have an adverse effect on our business, result of operations and financial condition. Our business could also be materially adversely affected if the passengers avoid flying on our aircraft due to an adverse perception of aircraft manufacturing, whether because of safety concerns or other problems, real or perceived, or in the event of an accident involving such aircraft or its engines.
The occurrence of any one or more of the above mentioned factors could restrict our ability to use aircraft to generate profits, respond to increased demands, or could otherwise limit our operations and adversely affect our business
Problems with air traffic control systems or other technical failures could interrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business.
The operations, including the ability to deliver customer service, are dependent on the effective operation of the equipment, including aircraft, maintenance systems and reservation systems. The operations are also dependent on the
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effective operation of domestic and international air traffic control systems and the air traffic control infrastructure by the corresponding authorities in the markets in which the group operates. Equipment failures, personnel shortages, air traffic control problems and other factors that could interrupt operations could adversely affect our financial results as well as our reputation.
Losses and liabilities in the event of an accident involving one or more of our aircraft could materially affect our business.
We are exposed to potential catastrophic losses in the event of an aircraft accident, terrorist incident or any other similar event. There can be no assurance that, as a result of an aircraft accident or significant incident:
•
we will not need to increase our insurance coverage;
•
our insurance premiums will not increase significantly;
•
our insurance coverage will fully cover all of our liabilities; and
•
we will not be forced to bear substantial losses.
Substantial claims resulting from an accident or significant incident in excess of our related insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, any aircraft accident, even when comprehensively insured, could cause the negative public perception that our operations or aircraft are less safe or reliable than those operated by other airlines, or by other flight operators, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
On November 18, 2022, LATAM Airlines Peru reported that during the take-off of flight LA 2213 at Lima’s Jorge Chávez International Airport a fire truck entered the runway while performing an emergency drill and collided with its aircraft. Authorities subsequently confirmed fatalities of three firefighters who were in the fire truck that struck the aircraft. There were no fatalities among the 102 passengers and 6 crew members of the aircraft. According to the final report of the Aviation Accidents Investigation Commission (
Comisión de Investigación de Accidentes de Aviación,
“CIAA”) issued in September 2023, this chain of events was originated by the airport operator's inadequate planning and coordination, as well as the failure to use the communication and International Civil Aviation Organization (“ICAO”) standardized phraseology. The aircraft damage from this event was covered by LATAM’s insurance policies.
Prolonged technical and operational problems with the airport infrastructure in cities where we have a significant presence may have a material adverse effect on our operations.
Our operations and growth strategy are dependent on the facilities and infrastructure of key airports, including Santiago’s International Airport, São Paulo’s Guarulhos International and Congonhas Airports, Brasilia’s International Airport, Bogota's El Dorado International Airport, and Lima’s Jorge Chavez International Airport.
Santiago’s International Airport opened its new International Terminal, called Terminal 2, at the end of February 2022. The new terminal reduced assisted check-in counters by 50%, which poses a challenge to the airlines as it obligates them to implement self-service models. Additionally, Terminal 1 is currently undergoing a remodeling plan for the national terminal, which is being carried out in two phases (east and west). During the initial phase, LATAM has effectively maintained and concentrated operations in the east sector, utilizing the existing facilities. However, in August 2024, the concessionaire will start with the second phase of the remodeling, and the entire operation of the national terminal will be shifted to the west sector, resulting in significant impact on LATAM’s use of the facilities. The completion of this phase and the entire remodeling project is scheduled to be finalized by August 2025.
Furthermore, due to the previous airport concessions provided by the Chilean government in 2019, there are two airports currently under construction in Chile: Iquique’s Diego Aracena International Airport and Arica’s Chacalluta International Airport, which are both undergoing terminal and platform expansions. These works are expected to be completed by the first half 2024 and they imply a risk of adverse effects to the airports’ operations. In addition, there are three other new concessions in Chile planning to start terminal construction work during 2024 and 2026: Balmaceda Airport, Calama Airport, La Florida International Airport and Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport.
In Peru, the Jorge Chávez International Airport in Lima has a limited growth capacity on the air side (including the runway and apron, as well as parking spaces), and faces challenges relating to the interior infrastructure of the airport, which is overly crowded. The airport concessionaire is currently in the process of building a second runway and a new
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terminal to be completed at the end of 2024. Any delay or limitation due to ongoing works could negatively affect our operations, limit our ability to grow and affect our competitiveness in the country and region.
On the other hand, Jaén Airport and Jauja Airport in Perú have experienced significant runway infrastructure issues, resulting in severe operational challenges and flight cancellations. Urgent intervention was requested to the Peruvian government in 2023 to address these needs and rectify these problems, in order to ensure the efficient and safe functioning of air operations.
Brazilian airports, such as the Brasília and São Paulo (Guarulhos) International Airports, have limited the number of takeoff and landing slots per day due to infrastructural limitations. Any condition that would prevent or delay our access to airports or routes that are vital to our strategy, or our ability to maintain our existing slots and obtain additional slots, could materially adversely affect our operations.
In 2022, under the state government airport concession program in Brazil (the “Concession Program”), 15 airports in Brazil were granted under new concessions, 8 of those airports are operated by LATAM, including the Congonhas Airport located at downtown São Paulo. The Concession Program allows for important investments in infrastructure, but it implies a high volume of work to be undertaken simultaneously. Over the next 5 years, 29 of the 55 Airports operated by LATAM in Brazil will undergo infrastructure improvement works, which may generate temporary restrictions and could affect our revenues.
In 2023, after two years of delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic, GRU Airport, the concessionaire of Guarulhos Airport, began the last phase of infrastructure expansion works, including the construction of a new fast exit on the main runway and a new taxiway. In addition, there are plans to build a new pier and expand of the apron, which are expected to be completed by 2025. These developments will facilitate an increase in operations at the country's busiest airport.
While LATAM is closely coordinating with and supporting the airport concessionaires, any delays on the completion of the ongoing remodeling or expansion works of any of the airports indicated above would materially adversely affect our operations.
Our business may be adversely affected by a downturn in the airline industry caused by exogenous events that affect travel behavior or increase costs, such as outbreak of disease, weather conditions and natural disasters, war or terrorist attacks.
Demand for air transportation may be adversely impacted by exogenous events, such as epidemics (such as Ebola and Zika) and pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), terrorist attacks, war or political and social instability. Increasing geopolitical tensions and hostilities in connection with the conflict in Ukraine, and in the Middle East, and the trade and monetary sanctions that have been imposed in connection with those developments, have affected, and could significantly affect, worldwide oil prices and demand, cause turmoil in the global financial system and negatively impact air travel. Situations such as these could have a material impact on the business, financial condition and results of operations.
Following a terrorist attack by Hamas in the Gaza strip on October 7, 2023, Israel declared war on Hamas and other terrorist organizations in Gaza. The military conflict is ongoing, and its length and outcome are highly unpredictable. The Israel conflict and any future terrorist attacks or threat of attacks, whether or not involving commercial aircraft, any increase in hostilities relating to reprisals against terrorist organizations or otherwise and any related economic impact could result in decreased passenger traffic and materially and negatively affect the business, financial condition and results of operations.
Revenues for airlines depend on the number of passengers carried, the fare paid by each passenger and service factors, such as the timelines of flight departures and arrivals. During periods of fog, ice, low temperatures, storms or other adverse weather conditions or natural disasters outside of our control, some or all of our flights may be canceled or significantly delayed, affecting and disrupting our operations and reducing profitability. For example, in 2022, a LATAM aircraft was severely damaged after flying through stormy weather on approach to Asuncion Airport in Paraguay, and was required to make an emergency landing. Increases in the frequency, severity or duration of thunderstorms, hurricanes, typhoons, floods or other severe weather events, including from changes in the global climate and rising global temperatures, could result in increases in delays and cancellations, turbulence-related injuries and fuel consumption to avoid such weather, any of which could result in loss of revenue and higher costs. For example, in October 2023, there were significant delays and cancellations due to strong weather conditions in Guarulhos airport, Brazil. Likewise, in
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February, 2024, forest fires in Chile affecting the Valparaiso Region and La Araucanía Region impacted LATAM’s operations at the Arturo Merino Benitez International Airport and at La Araucanía International Airport, respectively, delaying flights and increasing operational costs derived from certain commercial flexibility measures granted to passengers affected by the fires.
In addition, fuel prices and supplies, which constitute a significant cost for us, may increase as a result of any future terrorist attacks, a general increase in hostilities or a reduction in output of fuel, voluntary or otherwise, by oil-producing countries. Such increases may result in both higher airline ticket prices and decreased demand for air travel generally, which could have an adverse effect on revenues and results of operations.
The impacts of a pandemic and the efforts to mitigate the spread of a virus may adversely impact the group’s business, operations and financial results.
A pandemic, such as COVID-19, and its variants may negatively affect global economic conditions, disrupt supply chains and negatively affect aircraft manufacturing operations and reduce the availability of aircraft spare parts.
There is a possibility of changes in consumer behavior in the medium and long term as a result of a pandemic and its variants that may generate adverse financial impacts for LATAM. The COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying fear of widespread outbreaks of communicable diseases materially reduced the demand for and availability of air travel around the world, materially affecting our business, operations and financial performance .
By the end of 2023, our operations in domestic markets were fully recovered, while the international segment is expected to recover during the first quarter of 2024. LATAM corporate segment is close to reaching pre-pandemic RPK levels. Nevertheless, we cannot assure that a new pandemic or any of its variants will not affect the business in the future.
Disruptions or security breaches of our information technology infrastructure or systems could interfere with the operations, compromise passenger or employee information, and expose us to liability, which may adversely affect our business and reputation.
A serious internal technology error, failure, or cybersecurity incident impacting systems hosted internally at our data centers, externally at third-party locations or cloud providers, or large-scale interruption in technology infrastructure we depend on, such as power, telecommunications or the internet, may disrupt our technology network with potential impact on our operations. Our technology systems and related data may also be vulnerable to a variety of sources of interruption, including natural disasters, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, security breaches in the supply chain (suppliers) and other security issues. These systems include our computerized airline reservation system, flight operations system, telecommunications systems, website, customer, self-service applications (“apps”), maintenance systems, check-in kiosks, in-flight entertainment systems and data centers.
Furthermore, in light of the rise of generative Artificial Intelligence technology (AI), generative AI systems have the potential to create deceptive or harmful content, such as deep fakes or fake news, leading to misinformation and manipulation. The misuse or malicious intent of generative AI could pose a threat to our operations and reputation.
In addition, as a part of our ordinary business operations, we collect and store sensitive data, including personal information of our customers and employees and information of our business partners. The secure operation of the networks and systems on which this type of information is stored, processed and maintained is critical to our business operations and strategy. Unauthorized parties may attempt to gain access to our systems or information through fraud, deception, or cybersecurity incidents. Hardware or software we develop or acquire may contain defects that could unexpectedly compromise information security. The compromise of our technology systems resulting in the loss, disclosure, misappropriation of, or access to, customers’, employees’ or business partners’ information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability or regulatory penalties under laws protecting the privacy of personal information, disruption to our operations and damage to our reputation, any or all of which could adversely affect our business.
To date we have not experienced any major incidents related to cybersecurity or our information systems. Any such incident could cause damage to our reputation and may require us to expend substantial resources to remedy the situation, and could therefore have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that any efforts we make to prevent these incidents will be successful in avoiding harm to our business. See “Item 16K. Cybersecurity.”
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Risks Relating to the Airline Industry and the Countries in Which the Group Operates
Because our performance is heavily dependent on economic conditions in the countries in which the group does business, negative economic conditions in those countries could adversely impact the group’s business and results of operations and cause the market price of our common shares and ADSs to decrease.
Passenger and cargo demand is heavily cyclical and highly dependent on global and local economic growth, economic expectations and foreign exchange rate variations, among other things. The occurrence of similar events in the future could adversely affect our business. The group plans to continue to expand operations based in Latin America, which means that performance will continue to depend heavily on economic conditions in the region.
Latin American countries have historically experienced economic instability, including uneven periods of economic growth as well as significant downturns (e.g., periods of severe economic recession, currency devaluation, high inflation, and political instability). Our business has been adversely affected by these factors and global economic recessionary conditions, which include weak economic growth in Chile, recessions in Brazil and Argentina, and poor economic performance in certain emerging market countries in which the group operates.
High interest rates, inflation (in some cases substantial and prolonged), and unemployment rates generally characterize each economy. Because commodities such as agricultural products, minerals, and metals represent a significant percentage of exports of many Latin American countries, the economies of those countries are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Investments in the region may also be subject to currency risks, such as restrictions on the flow of money in and out of the country, extreme volatility relative to the U.S. dollar, and devaluation.
Accordingly, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by changes in government policies or regulations in Latin America, including such factors as exchange rates and exchange control policies, inflation control policies, price control policies, consumer protection policies, import duties and restrictions, liquidity of domestic capital and lending markets, electricity rationing, tax policies, including tax increases and retroactive tax claims, and other political, diplomatic, social and economic developments in or affecting the countries where the group operates.
According to SP, as of January 31, 2024 long term local currency ratings of the countries where LATAM group operates in South America are as follow: Ecuador B-, Peru BBB+, Colombia BBB-, and Chile A+, all of them with a negative outlook, while Brazil is rated BB with a stable outlook. On the other hand, long term foreign currency ratings of these countries are: Ecuador B-, Peru BBB, Colombia BB+, and Chile A, all of them with a negative outlook, while Brazil is rated BB with a stable outlook.
LATAM cannot ensure that any country will not experience similar adverse developments in the future or that the current or any future administration will maintain business-friendly and open market economic policies or policies that stimulate economic growth and social stability.
Latin American governments have exercised and continue to exercise significant influence over their economies.
Governments in Latin America frequently intervene in the economies of their respective countries and occasionally make significant changes in policy and regulations. Governmental actions have often involved, among other measures, nationalizations and expropriations, price controls, currency devaluations, mandatory increases on wages and employee benefits, capital controls and limits on imports. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by changes in government policies or regulations, including exchange rates and exchange control policies, inflation control policies, price control policies, consumer protection policies, import duties and restrictions, liquidity of domestic capital and lending markets, electricity rationing, tax policies (including tax increases and retroactive tax oversight). For example, the Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and implement other policies have involved wage and price controls, depreciation of the real, restrictions on remittance, and intervention by the Central Bank to affect base interest rates.
In the future, the level of intervention by Latin American governments may continue or increase. We cannot assure that these or other measures will not have a material adverse effect on the economy of each respective country and, consequently, will not adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Political instability and social unrest in Latin America may adversely affect the business.
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LATAM operates primarily within Latin America and is thus subject to a full range of risks associated with our operations in this region. These risks may include unstable political or social conditions, lack of well-established or reliable legal systems, exchange controls and other limits on our ability to repatriate earnings and changeable legal and regulatory requirements.
Although political and social conditions in one country may differ significantly from another country, events in any of our key markets could adversely affect the business, financial conditions or results of operations.
For example, in July 2017, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was convicted of corruption and money laundering by a lower federal court in the State of Paraná in connection with “Operation Car Wash”. However, the conviction was overturned and his political rights restored by the Brazilian Supreme Court. President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ran for office in the presidential election of October 2022 and narrowly defeated President Bolsonaro. Former President Bolsonaro questioned the results of the elections, resulting in protests across the country. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was sworn in as president in January 2023. We cannot predict which policies the president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva may adopt or change during his term in office, or the effect that any such policies might have on our business and on the Brazilian economy.
In Peru, on December 7, 2022, President Pedro Castillo announced the dissolution of the congress and called for new elections to be held immediately, provoking an attempted
coup d’état
. Subsequently, he was removed from office and arrested. On the same day, Vice President Dina Boluarte assumed the presidency of Peru, to serve the remaining presidential term until 2026. Dina Boluarte is the sixth president Peru has had since 2018. None of her five predecessors in office managed to complete the five-year term established by the Constitution and several former presidents are in prison or prosecuted in judicial proceedings.
In October 2019, Chile saw significant protests associated with economic conditions which resulted in the declaration of a state of emergency in several major cities. The protests in Chile began over criticisms about social inequality, lack of quality education, weak pensions, increasing prices and low minimum wage. If social unrest in Chile were to intensify again, it could lead to operational delays or adversely impact our ability to operate in Chile.
Furthermore, current initiatives to address the concerns of the protesters are under discussion in the Chilean Congress. These initiatives include labor reforms, tax reforms and pension reforms, among others. On October 25, 2020, Chile widely approved a referendum to redraft the constitution via constitutional convention. The election for selecting the 155-member constitutional convention took place on May 15 and 16, 2021. On July 4, 2021, the constitutional convention was convened for a nine-month period, with the possibility of a one-time, three-month extension, to present a new constitution. The proposed constitution was finalized on July 4, 2022. On September 4, 2022, a referendum was held, in which the proposed constitution was rejected by a margin of 62% to 38% of voters. On December 12, 2022, Chilean lawmakers announced that they had agreed to a document entitled “
Acuerdo por Chile
” (Agreement for Chile). This document marked the establishment of a new consensus and served as foundation for redrafting the new proposed constitution. The second proposed constitution was finalized on October 30, 2023. On December 17, 2023, a referendum was held, in which the proposed constitution was rejected by a margin of 55% to 45% of voters.
Chile held presidential elections in December 2021, with left-wing Gabriel Boric winning by a wide margin. Gabriel Boric was sworn in as president in March 2022. There can be no assurance that the recent changes in the Chilean administration, its constitution or any future civil unrest will not adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition in Chile.
In Ecuador, Guillermo Lasso was elected as President in 2021, for the 2021-2025 period. On May 16, 2023, following the media exposure of the “
Encuentro Case
”, which revealed the connections between the Lasso government and certain members of the Albanian mafia, the National Assembly initiated an impeachment process against President Lasso, for embezzlement. However, the next day, Guillermo Lasso issued an executive decree
(Decreto Ejecutivo 741
), which ordered the dissolution of the National Assembly and called for extraordinary presidential and legislative elections to complete the period. On October 15, 2023, Daniel Noboa was elected as an interim president of the Republic of Ecuador for a period of 18 months. He became the youngest president elected by popular vote in the history of the country at thirty-five years of age, and the second youngest president in the country's history.
On January 7, 2024,
Adolfo Macias, the leader of a major drug cartel in Ecuador, escaped from prison. This event revealed strong connections between the gangs controlling the prisons in the country and governmental officers, and caused
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a series of riots and violent attacks across the country, including looting, burning vehicles, shootings, explosions and abductions of police officers and civilians. As a consequence, on January 8, 2024, President Daniel Noboa declared a 60-day state of emergency in an attempt to control gang violence, with the support of the army.
On August 7, 2022, Gustavo Petro, candidate for the left-wing “Pacto Histórico” party, was elected President of Colombia. Although throughout history elected governments (and the Colombian Congress) have pursued free market economic policies, with almost no economic interventions, we cannot predict whether the policies that could be adopted by the administration would have a negative impact on the Colombian economy or our business operations and financial performance. Further, regional elections were held on October 29, 2023, to elect governors for the 32 departments in Colombia as well as mayors and members of the local Administrative boards of the national territory.
On November 19, 2023, Javier Milei was elected president of the Republic of Argentina for a period of four years. Javier Milei is a right-wing politician and economist, who has proposed a comprehensive overhaul of the country’s fiscal and structural policies (among others, to dollarize the economy, privatize state public companies, remove subsidies on public utilities and close the Argentine Central Bank of Argentina). However, we cannot predict if and to what degree such policies will be implemented, nor if our operations or the legal framework under which we operate could be affected.
Although conditions throughout Latin America vary from country to country, our customers’ reactions to developments in Latin America generally may result in a reduction in passenger traffic, which could materially and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Because our business relies extensively on third-party service providers, failure of these parties to perform as expected, or interruptions in our relationships with these providers or in their provision of services to us, could have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
We have engaged a significant number of third-party service providers to perform a large number of functions that are integral to our business, including regional operations, operation of customer service call centers, distribution and sale of airline seat inventory, provision of technology infrastructure and services, performance of business processes, including purchasing and cash management, provision of aircraft maintenance and repairs, catering, ground services, and provision of various utilities and performance of aircraft fueling operations, among other vital functions and services. We do not directly control these third-party service providers, although we do enter into agreements with many of them that define expected service performance. Any of these third-party service providers, however, may materially fail to meet their service performance commitments, may suffer disruptions to their systems that could impact their services, or the agreements with such providers may be terminated. For example, flight reservations booked by customers and/or travel agencies via third-party GDSs (Global Distribution Systems) may be adversely affected by disruptions in our business relationships with GDS operators or by issues in the GDS’s operations. Such disruptions, including a failure to agree upon acceptable contract terms when contracts expire or otherwise become subject to renegotiation, may cause the carriers’ flight information to be limited or unavailable for display, significantly increase fees for both us and GDS users, and impair our relationships with customers and travel agencies.
As of May 1, 2023, LATAM has launched a new distribution channel called “New Distribution Capability” (NDC) by LATAM, which follows the International Air Transport Association’s (IATA) modernized standard language (XML based) to transmit data. This distribution channel is an alternative for travel agencies across all regions where the group operates, to access our content, and be able to shop, book, and manage orders. While this distribution channel mitigates risks of interruption of our services and lowers our dependency on GDS's technology, we cannot assure that the NDC by LATAM will operate without disruptions that may affect our operations..
The failure of any of our third-party service providers to adequately perform their service obligations, or other interruptions of services including those of NDC by LATAM, may reduce our revenues and increase our expenses or prevent us from operating our flights and providing other services to our customers. In addition, our business, financial performance and reputation could be materially harmed if our customers believe that our services are unreliable or unsatisfactory.
Our financial results are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations.
We prepare and present our consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars. LATAM and its affiliates operate in numerous countries and face the risk of variation in foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar or between the currencies of these various countries. Changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in the
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countries in which the group operates could adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations. If the value of the Brazilian real, Chilean peso or other currencies in which revenues are denominated declines against the U.S. dollar, our results of operations and financial condition will be affected. The exchange rate of the Chilean peso, Brazilian real and other currencies against the U.S. dollar may fluctuate significantly in the future.
Changes in Chilean, Brazilian and other governmental economic policies affecting foreign exchange rates could also adversely affect the business, financial condition, results of operations and the return to our shareholders on their common shares or ADSs. We actively manage the Brazilian real to U.S. dollar (R$/US$) exchange rate risk by entering into FX derivative contracts and carrying out internal operations for obtaining natural hedging. For further information, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Risk of Variation in Foreign Exchange Rates.”
Environmental and Regulatory Risks
Our operations are subject to local, national and international environmental regulations; costs of compliance with applicable regulations, or the consequences of noncompliance, could adversely affect our results, our business or our reputation.
LATAM’s operations are affected by environmental regulations at local, national and international levels. These regulations cover, among other things, emissions to the atmosphere, disposal of solid waste and aqueous effluents, aircraft noise and other activities incident to the business. Future operations and financial results may vary as a result of such regulations. Compliance with these regulations and new or existing regulations that may be applicable to us in the future could increase our cost base and adversely affect operations and financial results. In addition, failure to comply with these regulations could adversely affect us in a variety of ways, including adverse effects on the group’s reputation.
In 2016, the ICAO adopted a resolution creating the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (“CORSIA”), providing a framework for a global market-based measure to stabilize carbon dioxide (“CO2”) emissions in international civil aviation (i.e., civil aviation flights that depart in one country and arrive in a different country). CORSIA will be implemented in phases, starting with the participation of ICAO member states on a voluntary basis during a pilot phase (from 2021 through 2023), followed by a first phase (from 2024 through 2026) and a second phase (from 2027). Currently, CORSIA focuses on defining standards for monitoring, reporting and verification of emissions from air operators, as well as on defining steps to offset CO2 emissions after 2020. In order to comply with this strategy, we have developed sustainability strategies focused on climate change and we have taken different measures, such as the alliance with the Cataruben foundation in Colombia, with the objectives of offsetting CO2 through reducing deforestation and switching to sustainable agriculture practices, amongst others, thus contributing to improve the communities’ life quality and the protection of biodiversity. In addition, we have other initiatives in place such as the promotion of SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) with local governments and the lean fuel program which seeks to improve fuel efficiency. In addition, frameworks such as the Emissions Trading System, both in the EU and UK (“EU-ETS” and “UK-ETS”), are regulations related to the European market, where airlines have a pre-established amount of CO2 emissions for each year, which are then reduced over time, similar to a “cap and trade” system. Airlines must report and verify emissions related to this scheme and surrender the allocated allowances in time in order to comply. Should operations exceed the maximum allocated emissions, airlines must either acquire more from the market or pay the corresponding fee to the authority.
The proliferation of national regulations and taxes on CO2 emissions in the countries that the group has domestic operations, including environmental regulations that the airline industry is facing in Colombia, where limits on offsetting programs were included in the new Tax Reform of 2022, may also affect the cost of operations and the margins.
Our business may be adversely affected by the consequences of climate change.
There are regulatory risks associated with the management of climate change in the short and medium term, due to the fact that, in an effort from different countries to contribute to the fight against climate change, there is a tendency to impose economic instruments such as carbon taxes or emissions trading systems that seek to regulate emissions from different industries, including the aviation industry. These mechanisms seek to discourage the consumption of fossil fuels, through imposing an additional cost. However, in the case of the airline industry, especially in the South American region, there is no viable substitute fuel that would allow the industry to migrate to other types of fuels. The related risks present an opportunity to work hand in hand with the relevant governments to implement public policies allowing for progress in the production of sustainable aviation fuels in the region, thus promoting the migration away from fossil fuels and creating policies and instruments relevant to industries such as aviation, which currently has no substitute fuel available in South
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America. In the long term, there are physical risks associated with climate change, including the risk for greater intensity of meteorological phenomena, such as storms, tornados, hurricanes, floods and others, which in turn may pose a risk to infrastructure (destinations, airports) and communities. As a consequence, it may be necessary to modify routes and destinations, which in turn may affect our business and results of operations.
The business is highly regulated and changes in the regulatory environment in the different countries may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our business is highly regulated and depends substantially upon the regulatory environment in the countries in which the group operates or intends to operate. For example, price controls on fares may limit our ability to effectively apply customer segmentation profit maximization techniques (“passenger revenue management”) and adjust prices to reflect cost pressures. High levels of government regulation may limit the scope of our operations and our growth plans. The possible failure of aviation authorities to maintain the required governmental authorizations, or our failure to comply with applicable regulations, may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our business, financial condition, results of operations and the price of common shares and ADSs may be adversely affected by changes in policy or regulations at the federal, state or municipal level in the countries in which the group operates, involving or affecting factors such as:
•
interest rates;
•
currency fluctuations;
•
monetary policies;
•
inflation;
•
liquidity of capital and lending markets;
•
tax and social security policies;
•
labor regulations;
•
energy and water shortages and rationing; and
•
other political, social and economic developments in or affecting Brazil, Chile, Peru, and the United States, among others.
For example, the Brazilian federal government has frequently intervened in the domestic economy and made drastic changes in policy and regulations to control inflation and affect other policies and regulations. This has required the federal government to increase interest rates, change taxes and social security policies, implement price controls, currency exchange and remittance controls, devaluations, capital controls and limits on imports.
Uncertainty over whether the Brazilian federal government will implement changes in policy or regulation affecting these or other factors may contribute to economic uncertainty in Brazil and to heightened volatility in the Brazilian securities markets and securities issued abroad by Brazilian companies. These and other developments in the Brazilian economy and governmental policies may adversely affect us and our business and results of operations and may adversely affect the trading price of our common shares and ADSs.
We are also subject to international bilateral air transport agreements that provide for the exchange of air traffic rights between the countries where the group operates, and we must obtain permission from the applicable foreign governments to provide service to foreign destinations. There can be no assurance that such existing bilateral agreements will continue, or that we will be able to obtain more route rights under those agreements to accommodate our future expansion plans. Certain bilateral agreements also include provisions that require substantial ownership or effective control. Any modification, suspension or revocation of one or more bilateral agreements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The suspension of our permits to operate to certain airports or destinations, the inability for us to obtain favorable take-off and landing authorizations at certain high-density airports or the imposition of other sanctions could also have a negative impact on our business. We cannot be certain that a change in ownership or effective control or in a foreign government’s administration of current laws and regulations or the adoption of new laws and regulations will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and antitrust laws and regulations in Chile, Brazil, Peru, the United States and in the various other countries in which we operate. Violations of any such laws or regulations could have a material adverse impact on our reputation and results of operations and financial condition.
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We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, antitrust and other international laws and regulations and are required to comply with the applicable laws and regulations of all jurisdictions where the group operates. In addition, we are subject to economic sanctions regulations that restrict dealings with certain sanctioned countries, individuals and entities. There can be no assurance that internal policies and procedures will be sufficient to prevent or detect all inappropriate practices, fraud or violations of law by affiliates, employees, directors, officers, partners, agents and service providers or that any such persons will not take actions in violation of our policies and procedures. Any violations by us of laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on the business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to risks relating to litigation and administrative proceedings that could adversely affect our business and financial performance in the event of an unfavorable ruling.
The nature of the business exposes us to litigation relating to labor, insurance and safety matters, regulatory, tax and administrative proceedings, governmental investigations, tort claims and contract disputes. Litigation is inherently costly and unpredictable, making it difficult to accurately estimate the outcome among other matters. Currently, as in the past, we are subject to proceedings or investigations of actual or potential litigation. Although we establish accounting provisions as we deem necessary, the amounts that we reserve could vary significantly from any amounts we actually have to pay due to the inherent uncertainties in the estimation process. We cannot assure you that these or other legal proceedings will not materially affect the business. For further information, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal and Arbitration Proceedings” and Note 30 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Rapid technological advancements and digitalization could generate risks in implementation and regulatory control.
Globally, there have been large advances in processes of digitization and technological innovation. These new technologies could generate new risks in their implementation that could impact us directly or indirectly. As an example, at the beginning of 2022, the implementation of 5G in the United States had a temporary impact on operations at certain airports and generated a review by the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) on the specific requirements for its implementation. Additionally, during the course of 2023, while the widespread adoption and growth of Generative Artificial Intelligence systems demonstrated significant innovation and advancement in our operations, they could present certain risks that would likely require a regulatory framework to effectively address them. While LATAM is working on internal policies to regulate the use of these technologies, all processes of digitization and technological innovation may be exposed to risks, or may need to adjust to comply with future regulatory frameworks.
Similarly, the rapidly increasing technological transformation may advance faster than the review and control capacity of the authorities and the knowledge about the effects of their possible impacts, which could affect us directly or indirectly in ways we cannot foresee.
Our reputation and brand could be adversely impacted if we fail to make progress towards achieving our environmental sustainability and diversity, equity and inclusion goals.
Our reputation and brand could also be adversely impacted by, among other things, failure to make progress toward and achieve our environmental sustainability and diversity, equity and inclusion goals, as well as public pressure from investors or policy groups to change our policies or negative public perception of the environmental impact of air travel. For example, we have established ambitious goals to reduce our carbon emissions, with the long-term goal to be carbon neutral by 2050. Achieving these ambitious goals will require significant capital investment from manufacturers and other stakeholders, as we are unable to achieve these goals using our existing fleet, current technologies and available fuel sources. We are continuing to develop our climate strategy and transition plan; however, our ability to execute on such a plan is subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, as it is dependent on the actions of governments and third parties and will require, among other things, significant capital investment, including from third parties, research and development from manufacturers and other stakeholders, along with government policies and incentives to reduce the cost, and incent production of technologies that are not available at scale. Significant damage to our reputation and brand could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results, including as a result of litigation related to any of these matters.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
We have substantial liquidity needs and continue to pursue various financing options. Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to service our debt or meet our future financing requirements.
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We have a high degree of debt and payment obligations under our aircraft leases and financial debt arrangements. We require significant amounts of financing to meet our aircraft capital requirements and may require additional financing to fund our other business needs. We cannot guarantee that we will have access to or be able to arrange for financing in the future on favorable terms. Higher financing costs could affect our ability to expand or renew our fleet, which in turn could adversely affect our business.
In addition, a substantial portion of our property and equipment is subject to liens securing our indebtedness, including our secured bonds and loans. In the event that we fail to make payments on our bonds and loans, creditors’ enforcement of liens could limit or end our ability to use the affected property and equipment to fulfill our operational needs and thus generate revenue. For further information, related to current contractual obligations, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Contractual Obligations—Long Term Indebtedness”.
Moreover, external conditions in the financial and credit markets may limit the availability of funding or increase its costs, which could adversely affect our profitability, our competitive position and result in lower net interest margins, earnings and cash flows, as well as lower returns on shareholders’ equity and invested capital. Factors that may affect the availability of funding or cause an increase in our funding costs include global macro-economic crises, reductions in our credit rating or in that of our issuances, and other potential market disruptions.
We have significant exposure to SOFR and other floating interest rates; increases in interest rates will increase our financing cost and may have adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations.
On July 27, 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) (the authority that regulated LIBOR) announced that it intended to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. On March 5, 2021 the FCA announced in a public statement that LIBOR for certain tenors would cease to be published on June 30, 2023. The Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York convened the Alternative Reference Rates Committee ("ARRC"), a group of private-market participants, to help ensure a successful transition from U.S. dollar LIBOR to a more robust reference rate, its recommended alternative, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). Although the adoption of SOFR was voluntary, the impending discontinuation of LIBOR made it essential that market participants considered moving to alternative rates such as SOFR and that they have appropriate fallback language in existing contracts referencing LIBOR.
Because the publication of LIBOR was discontinued on June 30, 2023, we have amended our derivative and debt contracts to replace the LIBOR rate for SOFR as an alternative rate as convened by the ARRC. SOFR will fluctuate with changing market conditions and, as SOFR increases, our interest expense will mechanically increase, which could have an adverse effect on our total financing costs. As of December 31, 2023, our variable interest rate debt amounted to US$2,027 million.
We may be unable to adequately adjust our prices to offset any increased financing costs, which would have an adverse effect on our results of operations. If we are unable to adequately adjust our prices, our revenue might not be sufficient to offset the increased payments due under our loans and this would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, there is no guarantee that SOFR or other replacement rates for LIBOR will maintain market acceptance. See also the discussion of interest rate risk in “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks—Risk of Fluctuations in Interest Rates.”
Our debt agreements contain various affirmative, negative and financial covenants, which could limit our ability to conduct our business. A breach of certain negative covenants could also trigger an event of default and acceleration of our indebtedness.
Certain of our debt instruments, including our five-year term loan facility (the “Term Loan B Facility”) and the indentures governing our 2027 Notes and 2029 Notes, contain an asset coverage ratio and certain limitations to the incurrence of additional indebtedness by us and our subsidiaries. A decline in this coverage ratio, including due to factors that are beyond our control, could require us to post additional collateral, trigger an increase in the annual interest rates stipulated under our various debt instruments, or an event of default.
Complying with certain of the covenants in our debt agreements and other restrictive covenants that may be contained in any future debt agreements could limit our ability to operate our business and to take advantage of business opportunities that are in our long-term interest. See Note 31 of our audited consolidated financial statements.
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While the covenants in our debt agreements are subject to important exceptions and qualifications, if we fail to comply with them and are unable to obtain a waiver or amendment, refinance the indebtedness subject to these covenants or take other mitigating actions, an event of default would result. These arrangements also contain other events of default customary for such financings. If an event of default were to occur, the lenders or noteholders could, among other things, declare outstanding amounts due and payable and where applicable and subject to the terms of relevant collateral agreements, repossess collateral, including aircraft or other valuable assets. In addition, an event of default or acceleration of indebtedness under one agreement could result in an event of default under other of our debt instruments. The acceleration of significant indebtedness could require us to seek to renegotiate, repay or refinance the obligations under our debt arrangements, and there is no assurance that such renegotiation or refinancing efforts would be successful.
Risks Relating to our Common shares and ADRs
Our major shareholders may have interests that differ from ADRs holders.
Under the terms of the deposit agreement governing the ADSs, if holders of ADSs do not provide JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its capacity as depositary for the ADSs, with timely instructions on the voting of the common shares underlying their ADRs, the depositary will be deemed to have been instructed to give a person designated by the board of directors the discretionary right to vote those common shares. The person designated by the board of directors to exercise this discretionary voting right may have interests that are aligned with our major shareholders, which may differ from those of our ADSs holders. Historically, our board of directors has designated its chairman to exercise this right, which is however no guarantee that it will do so in the future. The members of the board of directors elected by the shareholders in 2022 designated Ignacio Cueto, to serve in this role. For more information about LATAM beneficial ownership, see “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders.
Holders of ADRs may be adversely affected by the substantial dilution of the shares represented by ADRs.
On June 18, 2022, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York entered an order confirming the joint plan of reorganization (as amended, restated, modified, revised or supplemented from time to time, the “Plan”) filed by the Reorganized Debtors and dated as of May 25, 2022 [ECF No. 5753]. Pursuant to the Plan, on September 13, 2022, the Reorganized Debtors commenced the preemptive rights offerings for the New Convertible Notes Class A, New Convertible Notes Class B, New Convertible Notes Class C (collectively, “New Convertible Notes”) and ERO New Common Stock (each as defined in the Plan), which offerings concluded on October 12, 2022. On November 3, 2022, the Plan became effective pursuant to its terms and we emerged from bankruptcy. In connection with our emergence and the conversion of the New Convertible Notes into shares of the Company, the equity interests of existing shareholders were substantially diluted. The shares represented by ADRs currently amount to a small portion of our capital. The market prices of the shares represented by ADRs may be adversely affected by such dilution and may experience significant fluctuation and volatility.
Trading of our ADSs and common shares in the securities markets is limited and could experience further illiquidity and price volatility.
As a result of our Chapter 11 proceedings, on June 10, 2020, the NYSE notified the SEC of its intention to remove the ADSs from listing and registration on the NYSE, effective at the opening of business on June 22, 2020. As of the date of this annual report, the ADSs are traded in the over-the-counter market, which is a less liquid market, and our ADR program, with JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. as depositary, is not open for issuances. There is no defined timeline for re-opening the ADR program or for returning to the U.S. public markets. In addition, there can be no assurance that the ADSs will continue to trade in the over-the-counter market or that any public market for the ADSs will exist in the future, whether broker-dealers will continue to provide public quotes of the ADSs, whether the trading volume of the ADSs will be sufficient to provide for an efficient trading market, whether quotes for the ADSs may be blocked in the future or that we will be able to relist the ADSs on a securities exchange.
Our common shares are listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange. Chilean securities markets are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile than major securities markets in the United States. In addition, Chilean securities markets may be materially affected by developments in other emerging markets, particularly other countries in Latin America. Accordingly, although holders are entitled to withdraw the common shares underlying the ADSs from the depositary at any time, the ability to sell the common shares underlying ADSs in the amount and at the price and time of
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choice may be substantially limited. This limited trading market may also increase the price volatility of the ADSs or the common shares underlying the ADSs, which could also result in price disparity between the trading prices of the two.
Holders of ADRs may be adversely affected by currency devaluations and foreign exchange fluctuations.
If the Chilean peso exchange rate falls relative to the U.S. dollar, the value of the ADSs and any distributions made thereon from the depositary could be adversely affected. Cash distributions made in respect of the ADSs are received by the depositary (represented by the custodian bank in Chile) in pesos, converted by the custodian bank into U.S. dollars at the then-prevailing exchange rate and distributed by the depositary to the holders of the ADRs evidencing those ADSs. In addition, the depositary will incur foreign currency conversion costs (to be borne by the holders of the ADRs) in connection with the foreign currency conversion and subsequent distribution of dividends or other payments with respect to the ADSs.
Future changes in Chilean foreign investment controls and withholding taxes could negatively affect non-Chilean residents that invest in our shares.
Equity investments in Chile by non-Chilean residents have been subject in the past to various exchange control regulations that govern investment repatriation and earnings thereon. Although not currently in effect, regulations of the Central Bank of Chile have in the past imposed such exchange controls. Nevertheless, foreign investors still have to provide the Central Bank with information related to equity investments and must conduct such operations within the formal exchange market. Furthermore, any changes in withholding taxes could negatively affect non-Chilean residents that invest in our shares.
We cannot assure you that additional Chilean restrictions applicable to the holders of ADRs, the disposition of the common shares underlying ADSs or the repatriation of the proceeds from an acquisition, a disposition or a dividend payment, will not be imposed or required in the future, nor could we make an assessment as to the duration or impact, were any such restrictions to be imposed or required. For further information, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Exchange Controls — Foreign Investment and Exchange Controls in Chile".
Our ADS holders may not be able to exercise preemptive rights in certain circumstances.
As described further in “Item 10. Additional Information—Preemptive Rights and Increases in Share Capital,” to the extent that a holder of our ADSs is unable to exercise its preemptive rights because a registration statement has not been filed, the depositary may attempt to sell the holder’s preemptive rights and distribute the net proceeds of the sale, net of the depositary’s fees and expenses, to the holder, provided that a secondary market for those rights exists and a premium can be recognized over the cost of the sale. A secondary market for the sale of preemptive rights can be expected to develop if the subscription price of the shares of our common stock upon exercise of the rights is below the prevailing market price of the shares of our common stock. However, we cannot assure you that a secondary market in preemptive rights will develop in connection with any future issuance of shares of our common stock or that if a market develops, a premium can be recognized on their sale. Amounts received in exchange for the sale or assignment of preemptive rights relating to shares of our common stock will be taxable in Chile and in the United States. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation-Chilean Tax—Capital Gains.” As described further in this annual report, the inability of holders of ADSs to exercise preemptive rights in respect of common shares underlying their ADSs could result in a change in their percentage ownership of common shares following a preemptive rights offering. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Memorandum and Articles of Association—Preemptive Rights and Increases in Share Capital,” If a secondary market for the sale of preemptive rights does not develop and such rights cannot be sold, they will expire and a holder of our ADSs will not realize any value from the grant of the preemptive rights. In either case, the equity interest of a holder of our ADSs in us will be diluted proportionately. Pursuant to the registration rights agreement entered into on November 10, 2022 with certain of our creditors, which the group refers to as the “Creditor Backstop Agreement” and the “Backstop Creditors”, respectively (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), we have reached an agreement to amend the terms of the deposit agreement governing our ADSs, to provide for (a) full flexibility (subject to applicable fees and procedures contained in the deposit agreement) to deposit and withdraw, at the election of the respective holders of ADS, any ordinary shares from time to time held by the backstop parties or their transferees into or out of the ADS program; (b) participation in dividends and distributions subject to the procedures of the depositary as set forth in the deposit agreement and subject to compliance with applicable law (including, without limitation, Chilean law); (c) participation in voting at the instruction of the respective holders of ADS, subject to the procedures of the depositary as set forth in the deposit agreement and subject to compliance with applicable law (including, without limitation, Chilean law); and (d) participation in preemptive rights offerings in the form of additional ADS subject to compliance with applicable law (including, without limitation, Chilean
21
law) and the procedures of the Depositary set forth in the deposit agreement; provided that such offerings are for ordinary shares constituting at least two percent (2%) of the outstanding ordinary shares (excluding any Ordinary Shares subject to lock-up).
We are not required to disclose as much information to investors as a U.S. issuer is required to disclose and, as a result, you may receive less information about us than you would receive from a comparable U.S. company.
The corporate disclosure requirements that apply to us may not be equivalent to the disclosure requirements that apply to a U.S. company and, as a result, you may receive less information about us than you would receive from a comparable U.S. company. We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The disclosure requirements applicable to foreign issuers under the Exchange Act are more limited than the disclosure requirements applicable to U.S. issuers. Publicly available information about issuers of securities listed on Chilean stock exchanges also provides less detail in certain respects than the information regularly published by listed companies in the United States or in certain other countries. Furthermore, there is a lower level of regulation of the Chilean securities market and of the activities of investors in such markets as compared with the level of regulation of the securities markets in the United States and in certain other developed countries. For further information, see “Item 16G. Corporate Governance."
ITEM 4 INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A.
History and Development of the Company
General
LATAM Airlines Group is a Chilean-based airline and holding company that changed its name from LAN Airlines S.A. after its merger with TAM of Brazil in 2012. TAM S.A. continues to exist as a subsidiary of LATAM. The Company is primarily involved in the transportation of passengers and cargo and operates as one unified business enterprise. During 2016, we began the transition of unifying LAN and TAM into a single brand: LATAM.
LATAM’s airline holdings include LATAM and its affiliates in Chile, Peru, Argentina, Colombia and Ecuador, and LATAM Cargo and its affiliate LANCO (in Colombia), as well as TAM S.A. and its affiliates LATAM Airlines Brazil, LATAM Airlines Paraguay, ABSA and Multiplus S.A. (“Multiplus”). LATAM Airlines Group is a publicly traded corporation listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange (“SSE”), the Chilean Electronic Exchange, and its ADSs currently trade in the over-the-counter market. LATAM Airlines Group has a market capitalization of US$7,462.8 million as of January 31, 2024.
LATAM’s history goes back to 1929, when the Chilean government founded LAN. In 1989, the Chilean government sold 51.0% of LAN’s capital stock to Chilean investors and to the Scandinavian Airlines System. In 1994, the Cueto Group, one of LATAM’s current shareholders, acquired 98.7% of LAN’s stock, including the remaining shares then held by the Chilean government. In 1997, LAN became the first Latin American airline to list its shares (which trade in the form of ADSs) on the New York Stock Exchange.
Over the past decade, the LATAM group has significantly expanded its passenger operations in Latin America, initiating services in Peru in 1999, Ecuador in 2003, Argentina in 2005, and Colombia in 2010. Moreover, since June 2012 the Brazilian affiliate, TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. (“TLA” or “LATAM Airlines Brazil”), has been a leading domestic and international airline offering flights throughout Brazil with a strong domestic market share, international passenger services and significant cargo operations.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its profound impact on worldwide travel and our operations, on May 26, 2020, LATAM Airlines Group and 28 affiliates (the “Initial Debtors”) filed their petitions for relief under Chapter 11 (“Chapter 11”) of title 11 of the United States Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532, (as amended, the “Bankruptcy Code”), with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”). On July 7, 2020 and July 9, 2020 nine additional affiliates of LATAM Airlines Group (the “Subsequent Debtors,” and together with the Initial Debtors, the “Debtors”) filed their petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code with the Bankruptcy Court. Additional parallel and ancillary proceedings were filed in the Cayman Islands, Colombia, Perú and Chile. In June 2020, LATAM Airlines Argentina announced its indefinite cessation of passenger and cargo operations. Following a series of relevant milestones with respect to LATAM’s Chapter 11 proceedings, the Company emerged from its reorganization process on November 3, 2022.
For more information on the Chapter 11 proceedings, see “Item 3. Key Information—Risk
22
Factors—Risks Relating to Our Emergence from Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Proceedings” and “Item 4. Information on the Company - Business Overview—Chapter 11 Proceedings through 2022” in our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 9, 2023 (the “2022 Annual Report”).
Our principal executive offices are located at Presidente Riesco 5711, 20th floor, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile and our general telephone number at this location is (56-2) 2565-3844. We have designated LATAM Airlines Group S.A. Inc. as our agent in the United States, located at 6500 NW 22nd Street, Miami, Florida 33122. Our Investor Relations website address is www.latamairlinesgroup.net. Information obtained on, or accessible through, this website is not incorporated by reference herein and shall not be considered part of this annual report. For more information, contact Andrés del Valle, Senior Vice President of Corporate Finance and Investor Relations, at InvestorRelations@latam.com.
The SEC maintains an internet site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
Capital Expenditures
For a description of our capital expenditures, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures.”
B.
Business Overview
General
LATAM is the largest passenger airline group in South America as measured by ASKs and passenger transported for the year ended December 31, 2023. We are also one of the largest airline groups in the world in terms of network connections, as of December 31, 2023, providing passenger transport services to 148 destinations in 26 countries and cargo services to approximately 166 destinations in 33 countries, with an operating fleet of 333 aircraft and a set of bilateral alliances. In total, LATAM group has approximately 35,568 employees.
For the year 2023, LATAM transported approximately 74 million passengers. LATAM Airlines Group and its affiliates currently provide domestic services in Brazil, Chile, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador; and also provide intra-regional and long-haul operations. The cargo affiliate carriers of LATAM in Chile, Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia carry out cargo operations through the use of belly space on the passenger flights and dedicated cargo operations using freighter aircraft. The group also offers other services, such as ground handling, courier, logistics and maintenance.
As of December 31, 2023, the group provided scheduled passenger service to 16 destinations in Chile, 19 destinations in Peru, 7 destinations in Ecuador, 18 destinations in Colombia, 52 destinations in Brazil, 16 destinations in other Latin American countries and the Caribbean, 8 destinations in North America, 8 destinations in Europe, 3 destinations in Oceania and 1 destination in Africa, accompanied by strong levels of demand for air travel within the region and in the international markets where we operate.
In addition, as of December 31, 2023, through various code-sharing agreements, the group offers service to 112 destinations in North America, 62 destinations in South America, 94 destinations in Europe, 18 destinations in Australasia, 41 destinations in Asia and 19 destinations in Africa. Furthermore, during 2023 LATAM and Delta Air Lines celebrated the first anniversary of the implementation of its Joint Venture Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, Delta Air Lines and LATAM have implemented 6 new routes and increased their frequencies, improving connectivity between South America and North America.
Competitive Strengths
LATAM group's strategy is to remain the leading airline group in South America by leveraging our unique position in the airline industry. LATAM is the only airline group in the region with a domestic presence in five markets, as well as intra-regional and long-haul operations to four continents. As a result, the LATAM group has geographical diversity and operational flexibility, as well as a proven track record of acting quickly to adapt its business to economic challenges. Moreover, LATAM’s unique network and market share in a region with growth potential and the focus on our existing competitive strengths, will allow us to continue building our business model and fuel our future growth. We believe our most important competitive strengths are:
23
•
Leader in the South America Airlines Space, with a Unique Network and Market Share among Global Airlines
Through a successful regional expansion strategy, LATAM has become the leading international and domestic passenger airline group in South America as measured by ASKs in 2023 full year. LATAM and its affiliates have domestic passenger operations in Chile, Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. We are also the largest group of operators of intra-regional routes as measured by ASKs in 2023, connecting the main cities and also some secondary cities in South America. Furthermore, through our significant presence in the largest hubs in South America-Santiago, Lima and São Paulo-we believe that we are able to offer the best connectivity options between South America and the rest of the world.
•
Geographically Diversified Revenue Base, including both Passenger and Cargo Operations
LATAM group’s operations are highly geographically diversified, including domestic operations in five countries, as well as operations within South America and connecting South America with various international destinations. According to the 2023 annual ASKs, 49.2% of the group’s operations are international, 18.2% domestic Spanish speaking countries and 32.6% domestic Brazil. We believe this provides resilience to external shocks that may occur in any particular market. Furthermore, we believe that one of our distinct competitive advantages is the ability to profitably integrate scheduled passenger and cargo operations. We take into account potential cargo services when planning passenger routes, and also serve certain dedicated cargo routes using freighter aircraft when needed. By adding cargo revenues to existing passenger service, there is an increase in the productivity of assets and we are able to maximize revenue, reducing the break-even load factors and enhancing the per flight profitability. Additionally, we believe that this revenue diversification helps offset seasonal revenue fluctuations and reduces the volatility of the business over time. For the year ended December 31, 2023, passenger, cargo and other income accounted for 86.6%, 12.1% and 1.3% of total revenues, respectively.
•
Modern Fleet and Optimized Fleet Strategy
The average age of our passenger fleet was approximately 11.1 years as of December 31, 2023. Additionally, LATAM has adopted an ambitious fleet renewal plan based entirely on new technology aircraft, which includes 100 new Airbus A320neo-family aircraft and 5 Boeing 787-9 to be delivered by 2030.
LATAM selects aircraft based on their ability to effectively and efficiently serve the short- and long-haul flight needs, while still striving to reduce operational complexity by minimizing the number of different aircraft types that the group operates.
The fleet plan as of December 31, 2023, includes a short-haul fleet formed exclusively by aircraft from the A320-family, with a focus on the A321 and A320neo (Neo: New Engine Option), a more efficient version of the A320; which we introduced into our fleet in 2016, becoming then the first airline in Latin America to fly this model. For long-haul passenger flights, we operate the Boeing 787-8, the Boeing 787-9, the Boeing 767-300ER, and the Boeing 777-300ER. The Boeing 787 model allows LATAM to achieve important savings in fuel consumption, while incorporating modern technology to deliver the best travel experience for LATAM’s passengers. For cargo flights, we operate Boeing 767-300F aircraft.
•
Strong Brand Teamed with Key Global Strategic Alliances
In 2023, LATAM Airlines Group was recognized by the Skytrax World Airline Awards as the “Best Airline in South America” for the fourth year in a row, and was also awarded by such entity with the “Best Staff”, “Best Main Cabin” and “Best Business Class in South America” awards. In addition, LATAM was recognized as a Five Star Global Airline by the APEX Passengers Choice Awards, and was also awarded by such entity with the “Best Seat Comfort” award for the second year in a row and the “Best Onboard Service” award in South America. Additionally, as of January 31, 2024, LATAM was ranked second place as the most punctual airline during 2023 among the 20 largest airlines worldwide, by the Official Airline Guide ("OAG") Punctuality Index, which reflects LATAM group's commitment to its well-rounded value proposition and customer experience.
In 2022, despite the continued challenging global conditions, LATAM was recognized as South America’s Leading Airline Brand and South America’s Leading Airline by the World Travel Awards. Furthermore, in the 2022
24
edition of the APEX Passenger Choice Awards, LATAM was recognized as the airline with the “Best Food Beverage in South America.”
Our strategic global alliances and existing commercial agreements provide our customers with access to more destinations worldwide, a combined reservations system, itinerary flexibility and various other benefits, which substantially enhance our competitive position within the Latin American market. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Passenger Alliances and Commercial Agreements".
•
Recognized Loyalty Program
Our frequent flyer program, LATAM Pass, is the leading frequent flyer program in South America as measured by total number of members as of the end of 2023, with strong participation rates and brand recognition by our customers. Customers in the program earn miles and points based on the price paid for the ticket, class of ticket purchased, and elite level, as well as by using the services of outside partners in the program. We believe that our program is attractive to customers because it does not impose restrictions on those flights for which points can be redeemed, or limit the number of seats available on any particular flight to members using the loyalty program. LATAM Pass members can also accrue and redeem points for flights on other airlines with whom we have bilateral commercial agreements. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Frequent Flyer Program".
In 2023, our loyalty program LATAM Pass was recognized as “The Best Program of the Year” by the Frequent Traveler Awards.
Business Strategy
Our mission is to connect people safely, with operational excellence and a personal touch, offering a wide network for passengers and cargo transportation, and striking the balance between economic growth, efficiency, protection of the environment and passenger well-being.
Our goal is to be the leading airline group, connecting Latin America with the world while fulfilling our social responsibility by being fair, empathetic, transparent and simple in our interactions with our customers, employees and other key stakeholders.
In order to achieve our mission and vision, the principal areas on which we plan to focus our efforts going forward are as follows:
•
Continually Strengthen Our Network
LATAM intends to continue to strengthen its route network in South America, offering the best connectivity within the region at competitive prices and ensuring that LATAM is the most convenient option for passengers. LATAM is the only airline group in South America with a local presence in five home markets and an international and intra-regional operation. This is bolstered by LATAM’s enhanced infrastructure in several key hubs, allowing LATAM to further strengthen its network. LATAM intends to leverage its extensive network to create a profitable, leading portfolio of services and destinations, providing more options for its passengers and building a platform to support continued growth.
•
Enhance Brand Leadership and Customer Experience
We seek to be the preferred choice of passengers in South America. Our efforts are supported by a differentiated passenger experience and leveraging mobile digital technologies. We continue working on the implementation of our single, unified brand, culture, product and value proposition for our passengers. Additionally, we are focused on the evolution of LATAM’s e-business strategy, including applications to achieve ancillary revenues and improving the management of contingencies, so that we are able to provide information and solutions to our customers in a timely and transparent manner. We continually assess opportunities to incorporate service improvements in order to respond effectively to our customers’ needs.
Our aim is to have a driven team, with inspiring leaders that make agile decisions, while addressing security policies to ensure the health of our employees and customers, and sustainability practices that reflect our responsibility towards the communities and countries where we operate. This will allow us to deliver a distinctive value proposition to our customers and operate sustainably over the long term. During 2023, LATAM was awarded with two new sustainability-related awards: “Best for Onboard Sustainability” by Onboard Hospitality Awards, for having the most sustainable onboard service, and the “Air Cargo Sustainability Award” by The International Air Cargo Association
25
(TIACA), for having a solid sustainability strategy, encompassing Climate Change, Shared Value, Circular Economy, and LATAM’s commitment to protect the strategic ecosystems of South America.
Additionally, as of February 7, 2024, LATAM was ranked first place as the the top-performing airline group in terms of sustainability in Latin America, as well as the seventh globally, according to the Corporate Sustainability Assessment by Standard Poor's.
•
Improving Efficiency and Cost Competitiveness
We are continually working to maintain a competitive cost structure and further improve our efficiency, simplify our organization and increase flexibility and speed in decision-making. We look to continuously implement cost savings, including reductions in fuel and fees, procurement, operations, overhead and distribution costs, among others, as well as the implementation of a customized service offering in domestic and international markets. During 2020, 2021 and 2022, in the context of our Chapter 11 proceedings, we worked to reduce our fixed costs and to convert them to variable costs, specifically fleet costs and wages and benefits. In 2023, the group focused on maintaining this competitive cost structure and improving its efficiency.
Airline Operations and Route Network
The following tables set forth our operating revenues by activity and point of sale for the periods indicated:
| For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (in US$ millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total passenger revenues | 10,215 | 7,636.4 | 3,342.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total cargo revenues | 1,425 | 1,726.1 | 1,541.6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 11,640.5 | 9,362.5 | 4,884.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (in US$ millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Peru | 988.9 | 859.0 | 503.6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Argentina | 244.4 | 206.9 | 75.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| United States | 1,044.8 | 1,058.1 | 578.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 800.9 | 769.0 | 376.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Colombia | 662.3 | 540.2 | 368.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Brazil | 5,006.4 | 3,724.5 | 1,664.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Ecuador | 332.8 | 248.5 | 163.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Chile | 1,898.2 | 1,514.6 | 794.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Asia Pacific and rest of Latin America | 661.9 | 441.8 | 360.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 11,640.5 | 9,362.5 | 4,884.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Passenger Operations
General
As of December 31, 2023, LATAM passenger operations were performed by airline affiliates in Chile, Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador, where the group operates both domestic and international services. LATAM collects and reports operating data for its passenger operations in three categories: international (connecting more than one country), Domestic operations in Spanish-speaking countries or “SSC” (including Chile, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador), and Domestic Brazil (entirely within Brazil).
26
The following table sets forth certain of our passenger operating data for international and domestic routes for the periods indicated:
| For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ASKs (million) (at period end) | |||||||||||||||||
| International | 67,514.3 | 49,575.7 | 20,461.0 | ||||||||||||||
| SSC | 24,970.3 | 23,384.7 | 17,847.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Domestic Brazil | 44,765.9 | 40,891.8 | 29,326.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 137,250.5 | 113,852.2 | 67,635.7 | ||||||||||||||
| RPKs (million) | |||||||||||||||||
| International | 57,340.2 | 41,140.5 | 13,500.5 | ||||||||||||||
| SSC | 20,482.0 | 18,942.6 | 13,359.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Domestic Brazil | 36,184.5 | 32,504.8 | 23,456.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 114,006.6 | 92,587.8 | 50,316.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Passengers (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| International | 12,914.9 | 8,607 | 2,852 | ||||||||||||||
| SSC | 27,999.1 | 25,288 | 17,513 | ||||||||||||||
| Domestic Brazil | 32,984.2 | 28,573 | 19,830 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 73,898.2 | 62,467 | 40,195 | ||||||||||||||
| Passenger RASK (passenger revenues/ASK, in US cents) | |||||||||||||||||
|
International
(1)
|
US¢7.0 | US¢6.5 | US¢4.6 | ||||||||||||||
|
SSC
(1)
|
US¢8.0 | US¢7.7 | US¢5.8 | ||||||||||||||
|
Domestic Brazil
(1)
|
US¢8.2 | US¢6.7 | US¢4.8 | ||||||||||||||
|
Combined Passenger RASK
(2)
|
US¢7.6 | US¢6.8 | US¢4.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Passenger load factor (%) | |||||||||||||||||
| International | 84.9 | 83.0 | 66.0 | ||||||||||||||
| SSC | 82.0 | 81.0 | 74.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Domestic Brazil | 80.8 | 79.5 | 80.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Combined load factor | 83.1 | 81.3 | 74.4 | ||||||||||||||
______________________________________________________
(1)
RASK information for each of our business units is provided because LATAM believes that it is useful information to understand trends in each of our operations. We use our revenues as defined under IFRS Accounting Standards to calculate this metric. The revenues per business unit include ticket revenue, breakage, excess baggage fee, frequent flyer program revenues and other income. These operating measures may differ from similarly titled measures reported by other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards. This unaudited operating data is not included in or derived from LATAM’s financial statements.
(2)
The combined Passenger RASK for LATAM is calculated by dividing passenger revenues by total passenger ASKs
International Passenger Operations
LATAM group’s international network includes the international operations of our Chilean, Peruvian, Ecuadorian, Colombian and Brazilian affiliates. LATAM Airlines Group and its affiliates have operated international services out of Chile since 1946 and have since greatly expanded international services, offering flights out of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia
27
and Brazil. As of December 31, 2023, LATAM offers 52 international destinations in 26 countries, in addition to the domestic destinations and international flights and connections between the domestic destinations.
The general strategy to expand the international network is aimed at enhancing LATAM’s value proposition by offering customers more frequencies, destinations and routing alternatives. Sustained development of LATAM’s international network is a crucial factor in the long-term strategy. The group provides long-haul services out of Santiago, Lima, Bogota, São Paulo and Fortaleza. The group also provides regional services from Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil.
As part of our mission, LATAM seeks to promote tourism to South America. Due to our large network of services, visitors from around the world can experience world-renowned destinations such as Machu Picchu and Cusco in Peru, the Galapagos Islands, Iguazu Falls in Brazil, and the Atacama Desert and Patagonia in Chile, including the cities of Punta Arenas and Puerto Natales.
Market Share Information
The following table presents air passenger traffic information for international flights (including intra-regional flights) and LATAM’s market share in each geographic market in which the group operates:
|
LATAM passenger
figures % variation |
LATAM’s Market Share | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country |
2023-2022
|
2023 | 2022 | % variation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Brazil
(1)
|
14.3 | % | 22.4 | % | 20.3 | % | 2.1 | p.p. | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Chile
(2)
|
6.3 | % | 41.6 | % | 38.9 | % | 2.7 | p.p. | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Peru
(3)
|
9.9 | % | 44.8 | % | 42.9 | % | 1.9 | p.p. | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Colombia
(4)
|
33.5 | % | 6.1 | % | 5.2 | % | 0.9 | p.p. | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Ecuador
(5)
|
78.4 | % | 8.6 | % | 8.5 | % | 0.1 | p.p. | ||||||||||||||||||
______________________________________________________
(1)
Source: ANAC Brazil’s website. Passenger figures considers passengers carried, measured in RPKs, in 2023 vs 2022. Market share considers passengers carried, measured in RPKs, as of December 2023.
(2)
Source: JAC Chile’s website. Passenger figures considers passengers carried, measured in RPKs, in 2023 vs 2022. Market share considers passenger carried, measured in RPKs, as of December 2023.
(3)
Source: DGAC Peru’s website. Passenger figures considers passengers carried in 2023 vs 2022. Market share considers the number of passengers carried as of December 2023.
(4)
Source: Diio.net. Passenger figures considers ASK changes in 2023 vs 2022. Market share considers ASKs as of December 2023.
(5)
Source: Diio.net. Passenger figures considers ASK changes in 2023 vs 2022. Market share considers ASKs as of December 2023.
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Competitors in international routes
The following table
shows LATAM’s main competitors during 2023 in each geographic market in which it operates:
| Country | Route | Competitors | ||||||||||||
| Brazil | North America | American Airlines, United Airlines, Azul Linhas Aereas, Air Canada, GOL and Aeromexico. | ||||||||||||
| Latin America | Copa, Avianca, GOL, Aerolineas Argentinas, Sky Airline, JetSmart, Flybondi, Ethiopian Airlines, Turkish Airlines and Azul Linhas Aereas. | |||||||||||||
| Europe | TAP Portugal, Air France-KLM, IAG Group (British Airways, Iberia and their affiliates), Azul Linhas Aereas, Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines, ITA Airways, Swiss and Air Europa. | |||||||||||||
| Africa | Ethiopian Airlines, TAAG and South African Airways. | |||||||||||||
| Chile | North America | American Airlines, United Airlines, Air Canada and Aeromexico. | ||||||||||||
| Latin America | Sky Airline, Copa, JetSmart, Avianca and Aerolineas Argentinas. | |||||||||||||
| Europe | IAG Group (British Airways, Iberia and their affiliates) and Air France-KLM. | |||||||||||||
| South Pacific | Qantas Airways. | |||||||||||||
| Argentina | Latin America | Aerolineas Argentinas, GOL, JetSmart, Flybondi, Sky Airline, Ethiopian Airlines, Turkish Airlines, Air Canada, Air France - KLM, and Emirates. | ||||||||||||
| Peru | North America | American Airlines, United Airlines, Sky Airline, Volaris, Aeromexico, JetBlue Airways and Spirit Airlines. | ||||||||||||
| Latin America | Sky Airline, Copa, JetSmart, Avianca and Aerolineas Argentinas. | |||||||||||||
| Europe | Air France-KLM, IAG Group (British Airways, Iberia and their affiliates), Air Europa and Plus Ultra. | |||||||||||||
| Colombia | North America | Avianca, American Airlines, Spirit Airlines, United Airlines, JetBlue Airways and Wamos. | ||||||||||||
| Latin America | Avianca, Copa, Jetsmart and Sky Airline. | |||||||||||||
| Ecuador | North America | JetBlue Airways, American Airlines, Avianca, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines and Spirit Airlines. | ||||||||||||
| Latin America | Copa and Avianca. | |||||||||||||
______________________________________________________
Source: Diio.net considering competitors with more than 1% of total ASK.
Domestic Passenger Operations
As of December 31, 2023, domestic passenger services within Chile, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia were operated by LATAM Airlines Chile, LATAM Airlines Brazil, LATAM Airlines Peru, LATAM Airlines Ecuador and LATAM Airlines Colombia, respectively.
Business Model for Domestic Operations
LATAM group has operations in five domestic markets, with a business model that allows it to provide more competitive fares and contributes to the development of tourism and the growth of air travel per capita in the region. The domestic service model requires continuous cost reduction efforts, and the group continues to implement a series of initiatives to reduce cost per ASK in all domestic operations. These efforts are aimed at significantly reducing selling and distribution expenses, increasing fleet utilization and operational productivity and simplifying back-office and support functions, thereby allowing the LATAM group to expand operations while controlling fixed costs.
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Another key elements of this business model are the initiatives to increase ancillary revenues and others that allow passengers to customize their journey. Customers on domestic flights are now able to access a simpler sales platform, which allows them to choose their fare depending on the type of journey they want, and to purchase additional services such as extra luggage, a variety of food and beverage options on board, preferred seating options and the flexibility to change tickets.
In March 2020, LATAM group introduced its superior cabin class, Premium Economy, in all domestic and international flights within Latin America operated by the Airbus A320-family (A319, A320, A320neo, A321 and A321neo; “short-/medium-haul”) aircraft. This cabin class offers premium services both at the airport and in-flight, including priority check-in and boarding, VIP lounge access in airports where available, a differentiated onboard service including complimentary snacks and drinks, an exclusive overhead bin for carry-on luggage and a blocked middle seat, providing greater space and privacy.
In 2023, LATAM group incorporated seven A321neo into its fleet, which are the largest model of the A320 single-aisle aircraft family. These aircraft can accommodate up to 224 passengers, have compartments for carry-on luggage called Airspace XL bins, and stand out for being one of the most efficient aircraft on the market, according to Airbus.
During 2023, with a focus on the passenger experience, LATAM group finalized the retrofit project for its narrow-body fleet (excluding aircraft available for sale), reaching 100% of the fleet with a homologated and renovated cabin.
LATAM group continues to develop digital initiatives to empower passengers providing them with an enhanced digital experience with end-to-end control of their reservation. LATAM customers will increasingly be able to buy, check-in and manage the after sale service in a simpler and faster manner through their smartphones.
The following table shows LATAM’s number of destinations, passengers transported, market share and main competitors in each domestic market in which we operate:
| Brazil | Chile | Peru | Colombia | Ecuador | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Destinations | 52 | 16 | 19 | 18 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Passengers Transported (million) | 33.0 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 1.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change (YoY) | 15.3 | % | 9.3 | % | 7.7 | % | 14.0 | % | 15.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market share |
38.7%
(1)
|
61.0%
(2)
|
63.1%
(3)
|
31.5%
(4)
|
44.1%
(
4)
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Main competitors | Gol, Azul | Sky Airlines, JetSmart |
Sky Airlines
Peru, Star Peru, JetSmart Peru |
Avianca, EasyFly,Satena, Copa
Airlines Colombia (“Wingo”) |
Avianca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
______________________________________________________
(1)
Source: ANAC Brazil’s website. Market share considers RPKs as of December 2023.
(2)
Source: JAC Chile’s website. Market share considers RPK as of December 2023.
(3)
Source: DGAC Peru’s website. Market share considers the number of passengers carried as of December 2023.
(4)
Source: Diio.net. Market share considers ASKs as of December 2023.
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Passenger Alliances and Commercial Agreements
Strategic Alliance with Delta Air Lines
In 2020, LATAM entered into a Trans-American Joint Venture Agreement with Delta Air Lines (the “Joint Venture Agreement”), following the framework agreement previously signed by both parties in 2019 to combine the airlines’ complementary route networks between North and South America.
On September 30, 2022, LATAM and Delta Air Lines obtained the final regulatory approvals from the US Department of Transportation, allowing them to implement their Joint Venture Agreement. This partnership enables Delta Air Lines and LATAM to work together, coordinating capacity and pricing strategies and sharing corporate accounts in the United States/Canada and South America (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay) markets within the scope of the Joint Venture Agreement. This agreement has allowed the airlines to develop a network with expanded route offerings and to connect the Americas to the world with access to more than 300 destinations. Also, the airlines will deepen their level of cooperation in these markets strengthening their codeshare routes and the reciprocal loyalty benefits.
During 2023, the year marking the first anniversary of this partnership, we have successfully launched 6 new routes together; 4 of these routes are operated by LATAM group: São Paulo (Brazil) - Los Angeles (United States), Medellin (Colombia) - Miami (United States), Orlando (United States) - Bogota (Colombia) and Lima (Perú) - Atlanta (United States), which is the first LATAM operation to this destination. The routes operated by Delta Air Lines are New York (United States) - Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Atlanta (United States) - Cartagena (Colombia).
It is worth noting that in 2023, Skytrax awarded Delta Air Lines as the Best Airline in North America and LATAM Airlines as the Best Airline in South America. We believe that this Joint Venture Agreement allows LATAM and Delta Air Lines to offer the most extensive network between South and North America and will provide the best travel experience in those regions.
During 2023, Delta Air Lines and the LATAM group began the expansion of their Joint Venture that provides additional customer benefits and expanded connectivity for passengers and cargo customers in North and South America. The expansion includes the Ecuadorian affiliate, LATAM Airlines Ecuador, as well as the three cargo affiliates LATAM Cargo Chile, LATAM Cargo Brazil and LATAM Cargo Colombia, as part of the geographical scope of the Joint Venture between the U.S./Canada and Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Regulatory assessments for this expansion were conducted and concluded by U.S. Department of Transport (DOT), Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE), Superintendencia de Competencia Económica (SCE), Aeronáutica Civil Colombia (Aerocivil), Dirección General de Aviación Civil Ecuador (DGAC Ecuador), Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil Perú (DGAC Perú) and Dirección Nacional de Aviación Civil e Infraestructura Aeronáutica (Dinacia), with positive outcomes for the requested expansion.
Other alliances and material commercial agreements
As of December 31, 2023, LATAM had ongoing passenger commercial agreements with 57 airlines and codeshare agreements with 27 airlines worldwide. In addition to the Joint Venture Agreement with Delta Air Lines, LATAM and its affiliates have ongoing passenger commercial agreements with Qatar Airways, Qantas, Lufthansa, Airlink, Japan Airlines, among others. These commercial agreements allow us to provide additional benefits to our passengers,
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including access to a wider network, more flight options with better connection times, and increased potential for developing new routes and adding direct flights to new destinations and to destinations already served by LATAM.
Subscription of new codeshare agreements
On March 7, 2023, LATAM Airlines Brazil signed an extension of its codeshare agreement with Voepass Linhas Aéreas, adding
more than 20 new destinations in the Brazilian market.
On September 15, 2023, LATAM Airlines Brazil signed and implemented a codeshare agreement with Turkish Airlines. This new agreement seeks to increase the offerings and connectivity of the networks of both airlines.
Passenger Marketing and Sales
LATAM group is focused on creating a culture focused on earning the loyalty, trust and recurrence of customers while inspiring the creativity of employees and ultimately accelerating profitable and sustainable organic growth. This system’s primary key performance indicator is the Net Promoter Score (“NPS”). To calculate NPS, we have a customer survey, where we ask how likely will passengers recommend us to a friend or colleague. Customers score answers on a zero-to-ten scale and we then calculate the NPS as the percentage of customers who are promoters (those who scored 9 or 10) minus the percentage of customers who are detractors (those who scored 0 to 6).
LATAM’s Net Promoter Score for 2023 showed an improvement of 2 points over the previous year (48 NPS points in 2023 versus 46 points in 2022). During 2023, we achieved the highest NPS for our high value customers (HVCs) since we started this measurement. We also increased 6 points versus the overall LATAM NPS, surpassing 2022 result. These results are explained by improvements in information, crew friendliness, airport teams and enhancements in the contingency experience.
We have kept working on the evolution of the customer’s digital experience as the main focus of the e-business area, with the objective to maintain and enhance LATAM customer’s online experience, increase digital services coverage, automate financial processes and boost LATAM.com as the marketplace that attends all travel needs. As a result, during 2023, 57% of LATAM passengers bought their tickets through our digital channel and our 2023 Digital Net Promoter Score increased by 11 percentage points in comparison to 2022, reaching 61 percentage points as of December 31, 2023.
A series of new features and developments have been added to the marketplace to improve our customer’s digital experience: a new payment pivot, a redesigned homepage that communicates clearly and in one place our offer of travel solutions, personalization tools to offer destinations based on each customer needs, new form of payments (such as a new option to process payments with debit card in Chile), and new anti-fraud tools (such as biometrics on the payment workflow in Brazil).
LATAM will continue working to be the preferred distribution channel for our clients, positioning our digital experience as a one-stop shop for the purchase and care of all travel needs, taking care of our clients in situations of disruption, guaranteeing operational excellence and generating loyalty towards our customers, through a personalized, data-driven experience, with an emphasis on our high value customers (HVC) and Frequent Flyer Program (FFP) members.
In 2023, LATAM group continued transforming the travel experience of its passengers through cabin retrofits. As of December 31, 2023, we have 10 Boeing 777, 9 Boeing 767, 9 Boeing 787-9, and 181 Airbus A319/A320/A321 aircraft with renovated interiors. In addition, 28 Boeing 787 are currently in development to be retrofitted with the new cabin interior between 2024 and 2026. Additionally, the group continued to equip aircraft with Wi-Fi connectivity in the Brazilian and Spanish-speaking domestic markets, reaching 147 aircraft in total with in-flight connectivity.
Branding
During 2023, LATAM achieved successful results in terms of brand awareness, closeness, reputation and first choice (i.e., when respondents chose LATAM Airlines as their first choice among the airlines they know). According to Ipsos, a global leading institute focused on brand measurement, as of December 31, 2023, LATAM ranked as the first choice airline in Chile, Brazil, Peru and Ecuador, and throughout 2023 it has significantly reduced the passenger preference gap compared to its competitors in Colombia.
Our brand image also continued to strengthen, based on pillars such as trust, by offering a fair, empathetic, transparent and simple experience to our costumers; network with relevant growth in sustainability; and localization. Some of the relevant initiatives throughout 2023 that helped the group to achieve these results were: LATAM’s participation in
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Brazil's Big Brothers Program, its participation in local festivals (such as “Cordillera”, “Rock in Rio”, “The town” and “Primavera”), its sponsorship of the PanAmerican Games in Santiago, Chile, in 2023, an alliance with the Chilean Teletón, a contract with the singer Carlos Vives for a set of diverse marketing campaigns, and a partnership with the Chilean and Ecuadorian National Soccer Teams.
Distribution Channels
We are committed to being the preferred choice of our customers. Therefore, we put our focus on our passengers in our decision-making process. Our distribution structure is divided into direct and indirect distribution channels, both focused on improving their respective platforms to allow for easy interaction for our client in sales and services alike. LATAM continues to be strongly committed to the digital transformation of its distribution channels.
Direct channels owned by LATAM are city ticket offices, contact-centers and e-business (including website, mobile and smart business), which accounted for approximately 49% of LATAM's total sales in 2023 (including award passengers). These direct channels support sales and service, both before and after the flight.
Our city ticket offices include additional services in order to complement the experience of our customers. Our contact centers are a multi-service channel providing support in 6 languages (Spanish, English, Portuguese, French, German and Italian).
Our digital strategy includes mobile applications that provide trip information to our passengers. These applications improve management of contingencies, enable us to provide information and solutions to our customers in a timely and transparent manner and serve as a new direct sales channel. LATAM intends to continue to improve its e-business platforms to support expected future growth and simplify our customers’ online experience.
Indirect channels currently include travel agencies, general sales agencies, direct channels from other airlines and online agencies, and accounted for 51% of LATAM's total sales in 2023. LATAM offers travel agencies different options to connect to our systems and provide their customers our best product offering. These options include Global Distribution Systems as well as our direct connection “eLATAM" in Brazil and “NDC by LATAM”, which we are continuously expanding and improving.
On May 1, 2023, LATAM achieved a relevant milestone through the implementation of the IATA’s New Distribution Capability (“NDC”) standard. This implementation allows LATAM to improve the inventory and products offered and to provide a wider variety and improved digital services to our final passengers who buy their products through our indirect sales channels, including the possibility to easily manage refunds, changes and cancellations.
Frequent Flyer Program
Our frequent flyer program, LATAM Pass, is a strategic asset and a core source of value that differentiates LATAM from other carriers, and also a key element of our marketing and loyalty strategy. The program rewards customer loyalty, and as a result, it generates incremental revenues and promotes customer retention.
LATAM Pass members can qualify to five elite categories: Gold, Gold Plus, Platinum, Black and Black Signature. These categories determine which benefits customers are eligible to receive, including LATAM miles earning bonuses, free upgrades, VIP lounge access and preferred boarding and check-in privileges. Members of LATAM Pass program accrue “LATAM miles” for ticket purchases, depending on the dollars they spent and also by reaching a goal of number of segments flown, to access to superior categories. This rule is aligned with a simpler methodology for mileage accrual, generating efficiency to our frequent flyer program and making it accessible to more customers, especially for those domestic passengers who fly many segments a year that generally have lower rates. Customers of the program can redeem LATAM miles or points for free tickets as well as for other products or services.
As of December 31, 2023, LATAM Pass had approximately 45 million members, representing an increase of 7.1% compared to 2022. In 2023, LATAM Pass announced the following new benefits: priority contact center for all elite members, eliminate redemption fee, qualifying points roll over for 2023 and 2024, simplification of courtesy upgrades with coupons, improved upgrade priority for elite members with the cobranded credit card and mileage and cash in air redemption.
Cargo Operations
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The Cargo business is operated internationally and domestically by affiliate airlines under the unified LATAM Cargo brand, which has acquired significant market recognition. The Cargo operations are made under four of the LATAM group affiliates: LATAM Cargo Colombia, LATAM Cargo and LATAM Cargo Brazil, dedicated exclusively to cargo transport, and LATAM Airlines Ecuador, which, in addition to its passenger operations, as of 2022 was certified as a cargo operator and incorporated dedicated cargo freighters to its operations.
The cargo business operates a similar route network used by the passenger airline business. It includes 166 destinations, of which 148 are served by passenger and/or freighter aircraft and 18 are served only by freighter aircraft.
The following table sets forth certain of our cargo-operating statistics for domestic and international routes for the periods indicated:
| For the year ended and as of December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ATKs (millions) | 7,171.0 | 6,255.7 | 4,788.1 | ||||||||||||||
| RTKs (millions) | 3,704.0 | 3,532.5 | 3,034.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Weight of cargo carried (thousands of tons) | 945.5 | 900.6 | 801.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Total cargo yield (cargo revenues/RTKs, in U.S. cents) | 38.5 | 48.9 | 50.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total cargo load factor (%) | 51.6% | 56.5% | 63.4% | ||||||||||||||
We derive our revenues from the transport of cargo through our dedicated freighter fleet and in the bellies of our passenger aircraft.
LATAM considers its passenger network to be a key competitive advantage due to the synergies between passenger and cargo operations and, accordingly, we have developed a strategy aimed at increasing competitiveness by enhancing the belly offering. LATAM primarily uses the belly of the passenger aircraft for cargo operations.
The freighter fleet program has two main focus areas: first, to support the group’s belly business, improving its load factor by feeding cargo into passenger routes, and second, to enhance our product offering by providing our customers flexibility in scheduling, origins, destinations and types of cargo. As of December 31, 2023, LATAM cargo affiliates operated 9 Boeing 767-300Fs (factory freighters) and 11 Boeing 767-300BCFs (converted freighters). We intend to operate a combined fleet of 19 Boeing 767-300Fs/767-300BCFs. As a consequence, in the first half 2024 we plan to sell three Boeing 767-300Fs and incorporate two newer Boeing 767-300BCFs.
The United States is the main market for cargo traffic to and from Latin America. Besides being the main market for Latin American exports by air, cargo consolidated in the United States accounts for the majority of the goods transported by air to Latin American countries. Miami is the main gateway to and from Latin America and we operated the vast majority of our freighter operations from there. Accordingly, we have headquartered our international cargo operations in Miami. We also utilize passenger flights to and from New York, Los Angeles and Orlando and our seasonal dedicated freighter services to Chicago. Additionally, using different trucking companies LATAM offers a road-feeder network, connecting our hub in Miami and other online gateways in the United States (for example, Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, and Orlando) with key off-line origins and destinations. LATAM group also transports cargo to and from 10 destinations in Europe: Barcelona, Lisbon, London, Milan, Paris, Rome, Frankfurt, Madrid, Amsterdam and Zaragoza. The first six points are served only via passenger aircraft. Frankfurt and Madrid are served by both passenger and freighter aircraft, while Amsterdam and Zaragoza are only served through freighter operations. The group offers a road-feeder service within Europe to expand our footprint and balance traffic between our different origins.
The main destinations for southbound traffic are Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru. Southbound demand is mainly concentrated on a small number of product categories including high-tech equipment, mining equipment, electronics, auto parts and pharmaceuticals.
Chile, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil represent a large part of the northbound traffic. This demand is mainly concentrated on a small number of product categories, such as exports of fish, sea products and fruits from Chile, asparagus and fruits from Peru, and fresh flowers from Ecuador and Colombia.
The largest domestic cargo operations are in Brazil, where LATAM Cargo Brazil is the only wide body freighter operator, carrying cargo for a variety of customers, including freight-forwarding companies, logistics operators, e-commerce companies and individual consumers.
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During 2023, cargo revenues decreased by 17.4%. Total cargo capacity increased by 14.6%, in line with the increase in freighter capacity. Cargo traffic increased by 4.8%, resulting in a 4.8 percentage point decrease of the cargo load factor. This capacity increase is also explained by the recovery of passenger capacity levels, and the use of their belies for cargo. Cargo yield fell 21.3% year-over-year. As a result, revenues per ATK decreased 28.0% in comparison to the previous year.
The cargo business in the region is highly competitive, as international and regional carriers often have spare capacity in their cargo operations. In the region, LATAM group has been able to maintain solid market shares through efficient utilization of the fleet and network. The main competitors can be divided into three categories:
1.
hybrid carriers, operating mixed fleets of belly and freighters, such as Air France-KLM-MartinAir, Lufthansa, Qatar, Ethiopian, Korean Airlines and Avianca,
2.
pure freighter operators such as Atlas and Cargolux, and
3.
belly-only operators such as IAG Group (British Airways, Iberia and their affiliates), American Airlines and United Airlines.
Carriers operating freighters have greater flexibility which allows them to serve a wider variety of markets, diversifying their portfolio while pure belly carriers tend to have more stable service and are usually limited to their countries of origin.
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Cargo-Related Investigations
See “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal and Arbitration Proceedings.”
Fleet
General
As of December 31, 2023, LATAM had a total fleet of 333 aircraft, comprised of 313 passenger aircraft and 20 cargo aircraft, this includes 38 aircraft as non-current assets classified as held for sale. Please see Note 13 of our audited consolidated financial statements..
| Number of aircraft in operation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
Aircraft
classified as Property, plant and equipment |
Aircraft
classified as Rights of use assets |
Average
term of lease remaining (years) |
Average
age (years) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Passenger aircraft
(1)
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320-Family Aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A319-100 | 40 |
(3)
|
39 |
(3)
|
1 | 1.78 | 15.50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320-200 | 136 |
(4)
|
90 |
(4)
|
46 | 6.81 | 12.91 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A321-200 | 49 | 19 | 30 | 5.53 | 9.61 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320-neo | 24 | 1 | 23 | 10.48 | 2.88 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A321-neo | 7 | 0 | 7 | 11.59 | 0.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing Aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300ER | 11 | 11 | 0 | — | 14.86 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 787-8 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 5.54 | 10.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 787-9 | 26 | 2 | 24 | 8.48 | 6.48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 777-300ER | 10 | 4 | 6 | 3.57 | 12.68 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total passenger aircraft | 313 | 170 | 143 | 7.42 | 11.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cargo aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 Freighter | 20 |
(2)
|
19 |
(2)
|
1 | 7.04 | 17.20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cargo aircraft | 20 | 19 | 1 | 7.04 | 17.20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fleet | 333 | 189 | 144 | 7.42 | 11.48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
______________________________________________________
(1)
All passenger aircraft bellies are available for cargo.
(2)
This includes 3 Boeing 767-300 Freighter aircraft as non-current assets classified as held for sale. For more information, see Note 13 of our audited consolidated financial statements.
(3)
This includes 28 Airbus A319-100 aircraft as non-current assets classified as held for sale. For more information, see Note 13 of our audited consolidated financial statements.
(4)
This includes 7 Airbus A320-200 aircraft as non-current assets classified as held for sale. For more information, see Note 13 of our audited consolidated financial statements.
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LATAM Airlines Group and its affiliates operate various different aircraft types that are suited for our different services, which include short-haul domestic and intracontinental trips as well as long-haul intercontinental flights. The aircraft have been selected based on their ability to effectively and efficiently serve all of these routes while trying to minimize the number of aircraft families that we operate.
For short-haul domestic and continental flights, LATAM Airlines Group and its affiliates operate Airbus A320-family aircraft. The Airbus A320-family has been incorporated into our fleet pursuant to leases and has been acquired directly from Airbus pursuant to various purchase agreements since 1999. For long-haul passengers LATAM Airlines Group and its affiliates operate Boeing 767-300ER, Boeing 787-8 and 787-9, Boeing 777-200ER and 777-300ER. For cargo flights, we operate Boeing 767-300F aircraft.
Utilization
The average utilization rates of LATAM’s aircraft for each of the periods indicated are set forth below, in hours per day
(1)
.
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
|
Passenger aircraft
(2)
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300ER | 8.4 | 5.9 | 3.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Boeing 787-8/9 | 12.2 | 9.0 | 4.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320-Family | 10.3 | 8.9 | 6.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Boeing 777-300ER | 12.7 | 9.8 | 3.3 | ||||||||||||||
|
Airbus A350-900
(3)
|
— | — | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Total passenger aircraft | 10.5 | 8.7 | 5.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Cargo aircraft | |||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 Freighter | 11.7 | 12.5 | 13.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Total cargo aircraft | 11.7 | 12.5 | 13.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Total passenger and cargo | 10.5 | 8.9 | 5.7 | ||||||||||||||
______________________________________________________
(1)
Utilization rates are calculated by dividing total block hours by total aircraft, excluding subleased aircraft.
(2)
Passenger Utilization excluded Flights in passenger aircraft with only cargo.
(3)
LATAM retired its A350s in 2021 and they are no longer currently part of the fleet.
Fleet Leasing and Financing Arrangements
LATAM’s fleet financing and leasing structures include borrowing from financial institutions and leasing under financial leases, tax leases, sale-leaseback transactions and operating leases. As of December 31, 2023, LATAM had a total fleet of 333 aircraft, of which 3 Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft, 28 Airbus A319-100 aircraft, and 7 Airbus A320-200 aircraft are non-current assets classified as held for sale, resulting in 295 aircraft in operation.
As of December 31, 2023, LATAM’s fleet comprised 53 financial leases, 3 tax leases, 160 operational leases, 30 aircraft provided as loan collateral, and 87 unencumbered aircraft (27 aircraft reserved as collateral for the RCF). Most of LATAM’s financial and tax leases are structured with a 12-year initial term. LATAM has 19 financial aircraft leases supported by the U.S. Export-Import Bank (“EXIM Bank”) and 23 supported by the European Export Credit Agencies (the “ECAs”). LATAM’s lease maturities initially range from 7 to 12 years. Moreover, as of December 31, 2023, LATAM had a total of 139 spare engines, comprising 21 operational leases, 47 engines provided as loan collateral and 71 unencumbered engines (19 engines reserved for RCF).
LATAM’s aircraft debt, which consists of financial and tax leases, is denominated in U.S. dollars and typically has quarterly amortization payments. Both, the financial leases and tax leases have a bank (or a group of banks) as counterparty; however, the tax leases also include third parties. As of December 31, 2023, 51% of our aircraft debt has a fixed interest rate and the remaining portion has a floating rate based on USD Term SOFR.
37
In order to reduce LATAM Airlines Brazil’s balance sheet currency exchange exposure to the Brazilian real, as part of the integration plan following the merger with TAM, LATAM Airlines Brazil sought to transfer the majority of its aircraft under financial leases to LATAM Airlines Group SA. As of December 31, 2023, only 1 aircraft is subject to financial lease by LATAM Airlines Brazil. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects-B. Liquidity and Capital Resources-Sources of financing” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects-B. Liquidity and Capital Resources-Capital Expenditures” for a description of expected sources of financing and expected expenditures on aircraft.
The leases provide us with flexibility to adjust our fleet to any demand volatility that may affect the airline industry and therefore we consider such arrangements to be of great value to our strategy and financial performance. The aircraft financial debt as of December 31, 2023 for all remaining periods through maturity (the latest of which expires in December 2033) was US$1,369 million. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Contractual Obligations—Long Term Indebtedness.”
Under the aforementioned leases, LATAM is responsible for all maintenance, insurance and other costs associated with operating these aircraft. The Company has not made any residual value or similar guarantees to our lessors. There are certain guarantees and indemnities to other unrelated parties that are not reflected on the Company’s balance sheet, but we believe that these will not have a significant impact on our results of operations or financial condition.
See Note 31 to our audited consolidated financial statements for a more detailed discussion of these commitments.
Maintenance
LATAM Maintenance
LATAM Maintenance possesses a diverse range of facilities and capabilities, reaching major inspections and overhauls, as well as routine or corrective maintenance tasks that are conducted between each flight.
The heavy maintenance, line maintenance and component shops are equipped and certified to service the group’s fleet of Airbus and Boeing aircraft. LATAM’s maintenance capabilities allow the group flexibility in scheduling airframe maintenance, offering an alternative to third-party maintenance providers. More than 4,100 LATAM Maintenance professionals ensure the fleet operates safely and in compliance with all local and international regulations. LATAM group strives to provide the best experience to its passengers through the highest standards of safety, on-time performance and cabin image and functionality.
The heavy maintenance and component repair shop facilities are located in São Carlos (Brazil) and Santiago (Chile), adding up to a total of twelve heavy maintenance production lines, including painting capabilities, and component repair shops, including landing gear, hydraulics, pneumatics, avionics, electroplating, composites, wheels and brakes, emergency equipment, galleys and structures.
LATAM Maintenance’s continuous improvement efforts are focused on reducing costs and enhancing reliability. In addition to our LEAN-Six Sigma project, aimed to raise technician productivity, optimize inventory, diminish repair TATs and develop new internal repair capabilities, we have initiated a full digital transformation in collaboration with McKinsey and Thoughtworks. In 2023, we started projects focused on long-term planning, inventory optimization and preventive maintenance, which have been developed using the AGILE methodology, with a focus on exploring and incorporating new technologies that are most suitable for each specific case, such as data analytics and artificial intelligence.
LATAM Line Maintenance
The Line Maintenance Network serves over 170 locations and carried out over 2.3 million man-hours of preventive and corrective maintenance tasks on the LATAM fleet during 2023. We also rely on certified third party services in many of our international destinations where it is economically convenient, such as in Lisbon, (where we are served by Nayak), and London (served by KLM) among others.
LATAM group’s Line Maintenance Network has hangar facilities in Santiago, São Paulo (Conhongas "CGH"and Guarulhos "GRU"), Lima, Miami and Bogota, among others. These multiple locations improve the flexibility of the Line Maintenance Network by allowing the execution of tasks that might be restricted because of adverse weather conditions and environmental authority restrictions.
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In 2023, Line Maintenance continued performing heavy maintenance in its hangar located at GRU and Lima. These facilities have the ability to replace landing gear for both the Boeing 777 and Airbus 320 fleets, as well as conduct C Checks for the Boeing 777 and special Checks for the Airbus A320-family, such as the 24MO and other projects.
In order to strictly comply with applicable regulations, all of our maintenance operations are supervised and audited by the local authorities and international entities around the Network, such as Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil in Chile (“DGAC”),
Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil
in Brazil (“ANAC”), the Federal Aviation Administration in the United States (“FAA”), the International Air Transport Association Operational Safety Audit (“IOSA”) (by the International Air Transport Association or “IATA”) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (“ICAO”), among others. The audits are conducted in connection with each country’s certification procedures and enable us to perform maintenance for the aircraft types registered in the certificating jurisdictions. Our repair stations hold FAA Part-145 certifications under these approvals.
To ensure our technical personnel is properly qualified, we have developed extensive training programs at our Technical Training Centers in Chile and Brazil. Our focus is to constantly improve the skills of our technicians in order to maintain our prime safety and reliability standards.
LATAM MRO
The two main MRO (“Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul”) facilities, one in São Carlos (Brazil) and one in Santiago (Chile), are equipped and certified to service our fleet of Airbus and Boeing aircraft and provided 94.5% of all heavy maintenance services that LATAM demanded in 2023, effectively executed 1.57 million man-hours. LATAM MRO is also responsible for the planning and execution of aircraft redeliveries. The services not executed internally are contracted to our extensive network of MRO partners around the globe. LATAM occasionally performs certain heavy maintenance and component services for other airlines or OEMs.
The MRO São Carlos (LATAM Airlines Brazil MRO), is prepared to service up to nine aircraft (narrow and wide body) simultaneously with a dedicated hangar for stripping and painting. In this facility we also have 23 technical component shops, including a full landing gear repair overhaul shop, hydraulics, pneumatics, electronics, electrical components, electroplating, composites, wheels brakes, interiors and emergency equipment shops. MRO São Carlos is certified and audited by major international aeronautical authorities such as the FAA, the European Aviation Safety Agency (“EASA”), ANAC Brazil, the Chilean DGAC, the Argentinean Administración Nacional de Aviación Civil (“ANAC Argentina”), the Ecuadorian Dirección General de Aviación Civil (“DGAC”), the Paraguayan Dirección Nacional de Aeronautica Civil (“DINAC”), and Transport Canada (“TC”), among others, for Heavy Maintenance and Components Repair and Overhaul for the Airbus A320-family and Boeing 767. The MRO also has some minor capabilities for the repair and overhaul of Boeing 777 and 787 components. MRO São Carlos includes its own support engineering capabilities and a full technical training center.
In MRO Santiago, located near Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, we have two hangars capable of servicing two wide body aircraft and two narrow body aircraft simultaneously. MRO Santiago is certified and audited by FAA, ANAC Brazil, DGAC, ANAC Argentina and DGAC Ecuador, among others, for Heavy Maintenance for the Airbus A320-family (A318, A319, A320 and A321) and Boeing 767-787. MRO Santiago has 11 shops prepared to support hangar activities such as cabin shops, galleys, structures, composite materials, avionic, wheels brakes.
We also have the capability to service mid-term checks at the maintenance base in Lima for the Airbus A320-family and at the Guarulhos maintenance base for the Airbus A320-family and Boeing 777, including C-Checks for the Boeing 777.
During 2023, LATAM MRO's executed 433 services, including C checks (197) and Special Checks (236) for the LATAM fleet.
LATAM Corporate Safety and Security Management
LATAM Corporate Safety and Security Management is formed by four areas: Safety, Security, Health Safety Environmental Management (HSE) and Emergency Response Management (ERM), which continually interact with
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operational and support areas in order to guarantee acceptable levels of safety, provide an excellent service without compromising our mission and vision and always keeping in mind our clients’ well-being.
The year 2023 was marked by operational recovery of the market, which has reached high levels, requiring maximum flexibility of service providers to adapt to new conditions and have the ability to meet the increasing demand. Effectively addressing climate change and global instability while maintaining sustainability and efficient technological support poses significant challenges in terms of safety and security.
One of the main goals of 2023 was the improvement of oversight and control practices of third-party providers and the unification of management systems that allow us a harmonious, efficient and robust performance. In this regard, one of our priorities is to continue enhancing our capacity in data analysis and report systems to aim for predictive safety and security.
Organizational Structure of LATAM Safety and Security Vice-Presidency
Safety Management
The Safety Management Departments ensure that providing safe and reliable air service remains LATAM’s highest priority. Given the operational complexity, as well as the multicultural challenges that we face, LATAM group concentrates its safety management activities under the umbrella of a coordinated structure, which is responsible for the implementation and oversight of unified policies and procedures throughout the group.
The core foundation of this department lies within its robust Safety Management System (“SMS”), which is built upon four main components (Policies and Objectives, Risk Management, Safety Assurance, and Safety Promotion). These components give the SMS a proper structure and provide management with the necessary tools to oversee the safety of our operations. For example, through Flight Data Monitoring (“FDM”), also known as Flight Operations Quality Assurance (“FOQA”), we are able to capture, analyze and even visualize the data recorded during revenue flights and compare it with the company’s Standard Operating Procedures (“SOPs”). In parallel, the Line Operations Monitoring Program ("LOMP") permits us to monitor Flight Crew performance and detect errors ahead of time. As a result of these proactive activities, we intend to improve overall safety, increase maintenance effectiveness, and reduce operational costs. The company’s SMS is documented, available internally to all employees, and it provides the guidelines and responsibilities that each employee must meet, regardless of function or hierarchy, which in turn assures our commitment towards safety as a whole. Furthermore, IOSA certification ensures the proper qualification of our employees, including the provision of a Senior Safety Manager responsible for each system implementation within the Safety Department, as well as defining standardized procedures for measuring the quality of services provided by third party companies and contractors.
In 2023, LATAM focused on enhancing its performance indicators through a continuous improvement process and adjusting the Safety Performance Index ("SPI") target post-pandemic. This resulted in LATAM achieving its record levels of operational safety, effectively reducing risks associated with Runway Safety, including Runway excursion, Mid-air collision, Controlled Flight into Terrain ("CFIT"), Loss of Control In-Flight, and others.
To further enhance operational safety, LATAM has implemented FDM tools, empowering our gatekeepers to mentor pilots in developing skills, competencies, and knowledge. Additionally, LATAM has introduced Micro Learnings, short online training courses aimed at complementing gatekeeper feedback and enhancing specific skills related to observed safety events. By February 2024, a total of 10 courses will be developed, with 5 already completed in 2023.
The Safety II project in 2023 focused on the development of an SPI for the normal operations and it is providing valuable insights and correlations between collected data, enabling more robust analysis of normal operations. This analysis will facilitate the generation of recommendations and hypotheses regarding pilot behavior and various factors such as flight experience, weather conditions, aircraft dispatch conditions, planned alertness levels, and more.
In 2023, LATAM implemented new risk controls for infrastructure, adopting a risk-based approach to classify airports where we operate. Through the use of an internal tool called Infrastructure Risk Monitoring, we effectively identified and monitored key risks, assessed the impact of planned works, and ensured the effectiveness of mitigation actions in maintaining an acceptable level of safety performance.
Furthermore, LATAM has developed new methodologies to assess runway braking action conditions. Through in-house development, LATAM can now classify runways that are prone to be slippery when wet and apply specific mitigations for each operation.
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In 2023, we were also one of the first airlines in the world to adopt the IOSA risk-based assessment model, that focuses on safety risks, specific to the auditor, rather than applying a “one-size-fits-all” approach. The new approach introduces a maturity assessment of the airline's safety-critical systems and programs.
Security Management
The Security Management Departments are responsible for coordinating the security of LATAM’s passengers, employees, aircraft, equipment and facilities. This department secures LATAM’s infrastructure and patrimony while protecting people against any threat or unlawful action.
Corporate Security Policies and a Security Management System have been implemented to enhance LATAM’s security culture, resource utilization as well as regulatory collaboration and compliance, in order to detect any vulnerabilities within the operation and to prevent unlawful acts. These policies, as well as all the critical aspects of the Management System, are constantly reviewed and analyzed by qualified Corporate Security Managers, who are responsible for risk assessment and the creation of new security protocols or modification of current ones, which are controlled through security personnel, field audits, inspections, technological development (camera circuits, access control, among others) and key performance indicators.
During 2023, initiatives were promoted to mitigate the occurrence and impact of disruptive passengers that affect our operation, crew and other passengers. Preventive measures were also taken related to unadmitted passengers and refugees, which negatively impact the airports in which LATAM operates. To address the global context of political, economic and social instability, procedures related to transportation of valued cargo in aircraft, weapons and ammunition were updated, along with the creation of an airport risk map that allows us to view the status of each station.
Finally, in order to mitigate commercial and operational impacts derived from internal threat, investments have been made in technology to unify access control and remote monitoring systems, along with establishing an investigations area with dedicated and adequately trained personnel.
Health Safety Environmental Management (HSE)
Occupational health, safety and environmental management is responsible for defining guidelines to assess and mitigate labor, environmental and employees health risks. It is responsible for setting HSE standards, supporting and implementing procedures defined, and monitoring effective compliance. It also ensures compliance with applicable HSE regulations and promotes the well-being and safety of employees through training and awareness programs, as well as always seeking initiatives focused on mitigating critical risks and new proactive monitoring and control methodologies. Moreover the area supports the implementation of LATAM’s sustainability strategy through a technical expert team.
In the field of Occupational Health and Safety, the conventional measurement of injury rates has shown stability. In our continuous pursue of risk management, complementary indicators have been developed that focus on analyzing risk exposure, potential impact of serious and fatal injuries, and predict conditions that may lead to an accident.
In terms of Environment, in 2023 IENvA (IATA Environmental Assessment) Stage 2 certification was achieved and new local regulations regarding extended producer responsibility and energy management were addressed.
Emergency Response Management (ERM)
LATAM Emergency Response Management is responsible for overall corporate Emergency Response Plan (“ERP”) implementation. It has been designed to comply with airline responsibilities (as defined by ICAO) and for overall management, command and control of the crisis response. LATAM ERP sets procedures to deal with different scenarios, such as aircraft accidents, serious incidents, natural disasters, union strikes and pandemics. ERP establishes specific teams, procedures, and resources to mitigate the impact of these emergencies on our passengers, their families and for caring about others affected, besides ensuring the continuity of our operations. The ERP is an essential tool to meet the needs for those who need most, and we have different levels of teams prepared to be activated (but is not limited to): Emergency Process and Procedures, Emergency Control Centers, a Relatives Passengers Assistance Team, a Notification Team, Aircraft Recovery, and a dedicated “Go Team” that can be activated and address an emergency situation.
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Fuel Supplies
Fuel costs comprise one of the single largest categories of our operating expenses. In 2023, total fuel costs represented 37.2% of our total operating expenses. As of December 31, 2023, crude oil prices decreased slightly compared to December 31, 2022. Our average into-wing price for 2023 (fuel price plus taxes and transportation costs, including hedging and gains/losses) was US$3.3 per gallon, representing a decrease of 13.7% from the 2022 into-wing average fuel price. We can neither control nor accurately predict the volatility of fuel prices. Despite the foregoing, we believe it is possible to partially offset the price volatility risk through our hedging and fuel surcharge programs, which is in place in both our passenger and cargo business. For more information, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Risk of Fluctuations in Fuel Prices.”
The following table details our consolidated fuel consumption and operating expenses, after related hedging gains and losses (which exclude fuel costs related to charter operations because fuel expenses are covered by the entity that charters the flight) for the last three years.
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For the year ended December 31, 2023
(1)
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| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Fuel consumption (thousands of gallons) | 1,195,029.7 | 1,017,158.6 | 677,110.0 | ||||||||||||||
| ASK (millions) | 137,250.5 | 113,851.9 | 67,635.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Fuel gallons consumed per 1,000 ASK | 8.7 | 8.9 | 10.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Total fuel costs (US$ thousands) | 3,947,220 | 3,882,505 | 1,487,776 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost per gallon (US$) | 3.3 | 3.8 | 2.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Total fuel costs as a percentage of total operating expenses | 37.2% | 40.3% | 23.9% | ||||||||||||||
In our fuel supply agreements, we manage different price structures and price update calculations. The main price structure is Jet Fuel plus fixed fees and taxes, and the main fuel price updates are on a weekly, bi-weekly and monthly basis. Brazil, our largest market, bases its price on a refinery posting updated every month, which is set in Brazilian real per liter, plus fees and taxes. Refinery prices in Brazil have stabilized and matched a more transparent import parity model, creating a more competitive and predictable market for the region.
The fuel supply agreements vary by airport and are distributed among 25 suppliers. Our fuel consumption volume is mainly concentrated in Brazil (42%), Chile (15%), the United States (10%), Peru (12%) and Colombia (7%). In 2021, as part of the Chapter 11 proceedings and due to the expiration of some Fuel Supply contracts, we negotiated fuel supply in Chile, Perú, USA, Brazil, Argentina and certain major European airports. This negotiation strengthened our relations with global fuel suppliers with long term agreements and LATAM obtained generally favorable commercial conditions. In 2023, the fuel supply contracts that were part of long term agreements negotiated in Chapter 11 continued to be in effect, some of them without inflation escalation, putting LATAM in a favorable competitive position. In addition, during 2023 LATAM re-negotiated fuel supply contracts in Brazil, which improved the credit terms of such contracts, reaching better conditions than pre-pandemic, Chile, Peru, Argentina and major European airports, continuing to strengthen its commercial relationship with suppliers.
In Chile and Peru, a fuel import model is used in addition to the traditional local refinery supply, creating a more competitive market and ensuring our supply with different sources. During 2018 we implemented the fuel import model in Brazil, by creating a jet fuel import project that will allow imported jet fuel to reach the Terminal of San Sebastian in São Paulo and move from there to Guarulhos, São Paulo’s International Airport. LATAM was awarded pipeline capacity to move product from the Terminal into Guarulhos and became the first airline to do so. In 2019, refinery prices in Brazil stabilized as a result of the fuel import project from LATAM. During 2019 LATAM also worked along with the Latin American and Caribbean Air Transport Association (“ALTA”) to ensure a more competitive refinery price in Uruguay and reached an agreement that lowered its price by approximately 50 cents per gallon and which achieved competitive parity with the rest of the region. During 2020, LATAM worked along with IATA and ALTA in initiatives and financial incentives to help the industry during the crisis, and managed to accomplish a significant price reduction for international prices in Bolivia and a VAT reduction for domestic flights in Colombia. During 2022 and 2023, the political environment in Europe resulted in a decrease of jet fuel refining and lack of product, and although the region did not suffer any disruption, it saw an increase in international freight prices and therefore resulted in higher import parity costs for the countries that have that pricing model (Chile, Peru, Brazil, for example).
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As part of a comprehensive energy efficiency initiative, LATAM group worked with a team of stakeholders to generate a streamlined fuel efficiency program (the “LATAM Fuel Efficiency Program”), which encompasses a wide range of different innovations and technologies for fuel efficiency:
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Investments in more modern and efficient aircraft, such as the Boeing 787, the Airbus A320neo and the Airbus A321neo. An investment has been carried out to perform retrofits to a portion of our Airbus A320 fleet, allowing more efficient standard operational procedures. As of December 31, 2023, 88 Airbus aircraft of the A320-family remain to be received with deliveries scheduled between 2024 and 2030 and 5 Boeing aircraft of the 787 Dreamliner remain to be received with deliveries scheduled between 2027 and 2028.
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Weight reduction measures, such as minimizing unnecessary onboard water, using ultra-light service carts, optimizing fuel according to destination, improving the distribution of weight to have an optimal center of gravity and the improvement of freight factor (the combination of passenger and cargo services). During late 2019 and early 2020, the in-flight magazine was removed from all aircraft, reducing nearly 50 kg from each flight. In addition, work with local authorities in Brazil have allowed for changes in fuel policy regulations, reducing unnecessary route reserve fuel. During 2023, LATAM fuel policy was standardized in the whole region, due to some changes in fuel policy regulations in the Spanish speaking countries where the group operates, reducing the unnecessary route reserve fuel in these countries, as well as in Brazil, where it had already been applied.
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As of 2019, LATAM deployed LATAM Pilot Tools, an in-house developed mobile app. This app allows personalized feedback to flight crews, focusing on captain fuel requests and usage, and ground fuel consumption, among other efficiency and safety indicators. As of December 2019, fuel efficiency initiatives were added to the pilot app, giving more visibility to their KPIs and adding significant savings. During 2023, new capabilities have been developed in order to improve the user experience for pilots, allowing them to explore in more detail their indicators, and motivating them in matters of fuel efficiency and sustainability.
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Standardized operational procedures on every stage of the flight (taxiing, climb, cruise, approach and landing); for example, changes in climb profiles that generate savings with minimum changes in the workload of the flight crew, or minimizing the use of the auxiliary power unit when aircraft is on the ground.
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Monitoring maintenance and performance of the fleet, including frequent engine washes, which allow more efficient combustion of fuel and reduce emissions in airport areas.
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Various aircraft retrofits have taken place, among them, engine wiring that allows the reduction of fuel consumption during taxi operations, Auxiliary Power Units replacements for more efficient models, and software updates on them that improve fuel consumption.
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Improvements of the flight plan management, including continuous feedback using a post flight analysis tool called Full Tracks developed by the Fuel Team with the support and collaboration of Operations and Safety. This tool allows us to better program and optimize our flight plans. During 2019, we implemented policy changes, optimizing fuel planning according to destination, standardizing policies for all dispatch centers, allowing for centralized performance tracking and unified criteria. During 2023, operational parameters were reviewed with the objective of maximizing tankering. Finally, due to the arrival of a large number of A320neo and A321neo aircraft during 2023, the Tail Assignment tool further optimized the use of our fleet.
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During 2020, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, operational parameters flight speed/fuel cost relations (Cost Index) were revised to take into account the new variable cost structure, thus generating optimal Cost Indices for each aircraft to assure the most efficient operation. Regarding flight planning, route optimization was introduced, given the overflight cost reduction presented by some governments, hence allowing for shorter trajectories to be flown between long haul city pairs.
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Since 2020, we work together with the Advanced Analytics department in order to generate machine learning models, allowing more accurate weight and extra fuel forecasts, as well as the flight route optimization. The department will continue working in this line in order to generate more tools for flight dispatch planning and even for pilots that give them critical recommendations both in flight plan and during flight that directly influence fuel consumption.
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During 2022 LATAM implemented the new software from Airbus DPO (Descent Profile Optimization), optimizing the landing trajectory in 200 A320 airplanes. For each year, each airplane is expected to reduce 300 tons of CO2 emissions and 100 tons of fuel consumption.
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As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments established some operational restrictions related to the efficient Auxiliary Power Unit (also known as “APU”) and air packs usage during on ground, taxiing and in flight operations. Between 2020 and the first months of 2022, the fuel consumption of these units increased considerably, and LATAM began conversations with the governments to remove the restrictions, getting back to the pre-pandemic conditions.
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During 2023, LATAM incorporated new air conditioning units (“ACU”) and ground power units (“GPU”), and worked closely with ground handling, airports and operations team in order to significantly surpass the pre-pandemic performance level.
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In 2023, we implemented the IATA Service Level 2 procedure which allowed a more efficient and punctual operation of our aircraft.
As a result of LATAM’s continuous commitment with sustainability, LATAM Airlines Group was recognized between 2014 and 2019 by the Dow Jones Sustainability Index as one of the world’s leading companies in eco-efficiency (due to LATAM Airlines Group and several of its affiliates filing for Chapter 11 and the LATAM ADRs delisting from the New York Stock Exchange, the group was not eligible to be considered for the Dow Jones Sustainability Index between 2020, 2022 and 2023). The magnitude of this program has allowed us to reduce operational costs along with the improvement of environmental performance, and to enhance environmental awareness both within the Company and externally.
Ground Facilities and Services
The main operations are based at the Guarulhos Airport in São Paulo, Brazil. The Brazilian affiliate also operates significant ground facilities and services at its headquarters located at Congonhas International Airport in São Paulo, Brazil.
LATAM also has significant operations at the Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile, where we operate hangars, aircraft parking and other airport service facilities pursuant to concessions granted by the DGAC and other outsourced concessions. We also maintain a customs warehouse at the Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, additional customs warehouses in Chile and operate cargo warehouses at the Miami International Airport to service our cargo customers. Our facilities at Miami International Airport include corporate offices for our cargo and passenger operations and temperature-controlled and freezer space for imports and exports. We also operate from various other airports in Chile and abroad.
We incur certain airport usage fees and other charges for services performed by the various airports where we operate, such as air traffic control charges, take-off and landing fees, aircraft parking fees and fees payable in connection with the use of passenger waiting rooms and check-in counter space.
Ancillary Airline Activities
In recent years, LATAM group has been developing different initiatives to increase its ancillary revenues generated by its airline operations. The implementation of these initiatives aims to offer a better on-board experience, while allowing passengers to customize their journey. LATAM’s customers are able to purchase additional services such as extra luggage, preferred seating options, upgrades to our Premium cabins, among others.
In addition to airline operations, LATAM generates revenues from a variety of other activities, including aircraft leases (including subleases, dry-leases, wet-leases and capacity sales to certain alliance partners) and charter flights, tours, maintenance services for third parties, handling, storage, customs services, income from other non-airline products (LATAM Pass) and other miscellaneous income. In 2023, LATAM generated other income of US$148.6 million from these activities.
Insurance
LATAM maintains aviation insurance policies as required by law, aircraft financing, and leasing agreements, for its entire fleet (aircraft that LATAM and its affiliates own, operate, and are responsible for).
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These policies provide coverage for aircraft hulls (including war risks and spares), third-party legal liability, cargo, baggage, injuries, property damage, and loss of cargo. LATAM’s policies are in full force and are renewed annually along with IAG Group (British Airways, Iberia and their affiliates), which allows LATAM to obtain better premiums and improved coverage at the best level of the aviation industry.
LATAM also insures its physical properties and equipment from theft, fire, flood, earthquake, hurricane, and other damages. In general, LATAM’s vehicles are insured against the risk of robbery, damages, fire, and civil and general liabilities. Additionally, LATAM maintains a casualty insurance policy that provides coverage worldwide.
Information and Digital Technologies
During 2021 and 2022, LATAM successfully launched a new website and mobile app to help customers complete their purchases in less time than it took before, and manage payments, refunds and compensations through a digital wallet, all while seeking to strengthen its ancillary offering. As a result, in 2023, 9 out of 10 passengers who had an involuntary change to their itineraries (cancellations, delays, among others) used a digital channel to manage those changes, while 8 out of 10 passengers who made a voluntary change in their itineraries used a digital channel to manage them. As of December 31, 2023, 80% of the refunds were managed through the website and 96% of them were paid within the promised SLA ("Service Level Agreement").
On the other hand, improvements in customer experience and service led to an increase in our Digital Net Promoter Score (NPS) of 11 percentage points compared to 2022, reaching 61 percentage points as of December 31, 2023.
During 2023, LATAM continued to work on positioning latam.com as a single marketplace for all travel needs and increasing the sale of air ancillaries and packages. In this regard, during 2023 LATAM reached an annual market penetration of 57%, and successfully launched the IATA’s New Distribution Capability (“NDC”) standard.
During 2022, our focus was on expanding airport digitization with several projects that positively impacted our customers’ experience, such as automatic check-in (used by more than 91% of our customers), self-bag tag (used by more than 78% of our customers) and advancing with self-bag drop implementation (used by more than
54% of our customers in 26 airports).
LATAM has also incorporated a dedicated analytics and AI taskforce, focused on network optimization and flight offer personalization, fuel consumption and predictive maintenance.
In addition, LATAM has periodic reviews by internal and external advisors in cybersecurity and data protection. LATAM believes that is in alignment with best international practices and approved industry standards such as SOx (Sarbanes-Oxley Law), ISO/IEC 27001, CSF NIST and PCI-DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation - Europe) and LGPD (General Data Protection Law - Brazil), Data Protection - Colombia (Law No. 1581, 2012, and Decree No. 1377, 2013), and other local data privacy laws of each country where LATAM group operates. Also, LATAM carries out continuous self-assessments in matter of protection and privacy data that enhances effectivity of the company’s internal controls.
LATAM has been preparing itself for cybersecurity challenges, committing resources to tools and capabilities. We have also made progress on improving our systems reliability, by adopting industry practices. Finally, we have reduced our technology vendor footprint, and re-negotiated key contracts to ensure flexibility and cost efficiency. For more information see “Item 16.K Cybersecurity Management and Strategy.”
Regulation
Below is a brief reference to the material effects of aeronautical and other regulations in force in the relevant jurisdictions in which we operate. We are subject to the jurisdiction of various regulatory and enforcement agencies in each of the countries where we operate. We believe we have obtained and maintained the necessary authority, including authorizations and operative certificates where required, which are subject to ongoing compliance with statutes, rules and regulations pertaining to the airline industry, including any rules and regulations that may be adopted in the future.
The countries where we carry out most of our operations are contracting states and permanent members of the ICAO, an agency of the United Nations established in 1947 to assist in the planning and development of international air transportation. The ICAO establishes technical standards for the international aviation industry. In the absence of an applicable local regulation concerning safety or maintenance, the countries where we operate have incorporated by
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reference the majority of the ICAO’s technical standards. We believe that we are in material compliance with all such relevant technical standards.
Environmental and Noise Regulation
There are no material environmental regulations or controls in the jurisdictions in which we operate imposed upon airlines, applicable to aircraft, or that otherwise affect us, except for environmental laws and regulations of general applicability.
In Chile, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, among others, aircraft must comply with certain noise restrictions. LATAM’s aircraft substantially comply with all such restrictions, having implemented at least the standard known as “Stage 3 Requirements” across its fleet.
In 2016, the ICAO adopted a resolution creating the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), providing a framework for a global market-based measure to stabilize CO2 emissions in international civil aviation (i.e., civil aviation flights that depart in one country and arrive in a different country). With the adoption of this framework, the aviation industry became the first industry to achieve an agreement with respect to its CO2 emissions. The scheme, which defines a unified standard to regulate CO2 emissions in international flights, is being implemented in various phases by ICAO member states starting in 2021 (with the voluntary member states).
Safety and Security
Our operations are subject to the jurisdiction of various agencies in each of the countries where we operate, which set standards and requirements for the operation of aircraft and its maintenance.
In the United States, the Aviation and Transportation Security Act requires, among other things, the implementation of certain security measures by airlines and airports, such as the requirement that all passenger bags be screened for explosives. Funding for airline and airport security required under the Aviation Security Act is provided in part by a US$5.60 per segment passenger security fee, subject to a US$11.20 per round-trip cap; however, airlines are responsible for costs in excess of this fee. Implementation of the requirements of the Aviation Security Act has resulted in increased costs for airlines and their passengers. Since the events of September 11, 2001, the United States Congress has mandated, and the TSA has implemented, numerous security procedures and requirements that have imposed and will continue to impose burdens on airlines, passengers and shippers.
Below are some specific aeronautical regulations related to route rights and pricing policy in the countries where we operate.
Chile
Aeronautical Regulation
Both the DGAC and the Junta de Aeronáutica Civil (“JAC”) oversee and regulate the Chilean aviation industry. The DGAC reports directly to the Chilean Air Force and is responsible for supervising compliance with Chilean laws and regulations relating to air navigation. The JAC is the Chilean civil aviation authority. Primarily on the basis of Decree Law No. 2,564, which regulates commercial aviation, the JAC establishes the main commercial policies for the aviation industry in Chile and regulates the assignment of international routes and the compliance with certain insurance requirements, while the DGAC regulates flight operations, including personnel, aircraft and security standards, air traffic control and airport management. We have obtained and maintain the necessary authority from the Chilean government to conduct flight operations, including authorization certificates from the JAC and technical operative certificates from the DGAC, the continuation of which is subject to the ongoing compliance with applicable statutes, rules and regulations pertaining to the airline industry, including any rules and regulations that may be adopted in the future.
Chile is a contracting state, as well as a permanent member, of the ICAO. Chilean authorities have incorporated ICAO’s technical standards for the international aviation industry into Chilean laws and regulations. In the absence of an applicable Chilean regulation concerning safety or maintenance, the DGAC has incorporated by reference the majority of the ICAO’s technical standards. We believe that we are in material compliance with all such relevant technical standards.
Route Rights
Domestic Routes: Chilean airlines are not required to obtain permits in order to carry passengers or cargo on any domestic routes, but only to comply with the technical and insurance requirements established respectively by the DGAC
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and the JAC. There are no regulatory barriers that would prevent a foreign airline from creating a Chilean subsidiary and entering the Chilean domestic market using that subsidiary. On January 18, 2012, the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Economics of Chile announced a unilateral opening of the Chilean domestic skies. This was confirmed in November 2013, and has been in force since that date.
International Routes: As an airline providing services on international routes, LATAM is also subject to a variety of bilateral civil air transportation agreements that provide for the exchange of air traffic rights between Chile and various other countries. There can be no assurance that existing bilateral agreements between Chile and foreign governments will continue, and a modification, suspension or revocation of one or more bilateral treaties could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial results.
International route rights, as well as the corresponding landing rights, are derived from a variety of air transportation agreements negotiated between Chile and foreign governments. Under such agreements, the government of one country grants the government of another country the right to designate one or more of its domestic airlines to operate scheduled services to certain destinations of the former and, in certain cases, to further connect to third-country destinations. In Chile, when additional route frequencies to and from foreign cities become available, any eligible airline may apply to obtain them. If there is more than one applicant for a route frequency, the JAC awards it through a public auction for a period of five years. The JAC grants route frequencies subject to the condition that the recipient airline operates them on a permanent basis. If an airline fails to operate a route for a period of six months or more, the JAC may terminate its rights to that route. International route frequencies are freely transferable. In October 2023, a public auction was held by JAC for 13 international frequencies for the Santiago – Lima route where three Chilean airlines participated, LATAM won ten of thirteen, for which we paid US$ 315.000.
Airfare Pricing Policy
Chilean airlines are permitted to establish their own domestic and international fares without government regulation. For more information, see “-Antitrust Regulation” below. In 1997, the Antitrust Commission approved and imposed a specific self-regulatory fare plan for our domestic operations in Chile consistent with the Antitrust Commission’s directive to maintain a competitive environment. According to this plan, we must file notice with the JAC of any increase or decrease in standard fares on routes deemed “non-competitive” by the JAC and any decrease in fares on “competitive” routes at least 20 days in advance. We must file notice with the JAC of any increase in fares on “competitive” routes at least 10 days in advance. In addition, the Chilean authorities now require that we justify any modification that we make to our fares on non-competitive routes. We must also ensure that our average yields on a non-competitive route are not higher than those on competitive routes of similar distance.
Peru
Aeronautical Regulation
The Peruvian
Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil
(the “PDGAC”) oversees and regulates the Peruvian aviation industry. The PDGAC reports directly to the Ministry of Transportation and Communications and is responsible for supervising compliance with Peruvian laws and regulations relating to air navigation. In addition, the PDGAC regulates the assignment of national and international routes, and the compliance with certain insurance requirements, and it regulates flight operations, including personnel, aircraft and security standards, air traffic control and airport management. We have obtained and maintain the necessary authorizations from the Peruvian government to conduct flight operations, including authorization and technical operative certificates, the continuation of which is subject to the ongoing compliance with applicable statutes, rules and regulations pertaining to the airline industry, including any rules and regulations that may be adopted in the future.
Peru is a contracting state and a permanent member of the ICAO. The ICAO establishes technical standards for the international aviation industry, which Peruvian authorities have incorporated into Peruvian laws and regulations. In the absence of an applicable Peruvian regulation concerning safety or maintenance, the PDGAC has incorporated by reference the majority of the ICAO’s technical standards. We believe that we are in material compliance with all relevant technical standards.
Route Rights
Domestic Routes: Peruvian airlines are required to obtain permits in connection with carrying passengers or cargo on any domestic routes and to comply with the technical and legal requirements established by the PDGAC. Non-Peruvian airlines are not permitted to provide domestic air service between destinations in Peru.
47
International Routes: As an airline providing services on international routes, LATAM Airlines Peru is also subject to a variety of bilateral civil air transport agreements that provide for the exchange of air traffic rights between Peru and various other countries. There can be no assurance that existing bilateral agreements between Peru and foreign governments will continue, and a modification, suspension or revocation of one or more bilateral treaties could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial results.
International route rights, as well as the corresponding landing rights, are derived from a variety of air transport agreements negotiated between Peru and foreign governments. Under such agreements, the government of one country grants the government of another country the right to designate one or more of its domestic airlines to operate scheduled services to certain destinations of the former and, in certain cases, to further connect to third-country destinations. In Peru, when additional route frequencies to and from foreign cities become available, any eligible airline may apply to obtain them. If there is more than one applicant for a route frequency, the PDGAC awards it in compliance with different designation rules for a period of four years. The PDGAC grants route frequencies subject to the condition that the recipient airline operates them on a permanent basis. If an airline fails to operate a route for a period of 90 days or more, the PDGAC may terminate its rights to that route. In recent years the PDGAC has revoked the unused route frequencies of several Peruvian operators.
Ecuador
Aeronautical Regulation
There are two institutions that control commercial aviation on behalf of the State: (i) The
Consejo Nacional de Aviación Civil
(“CNAC”), which directs aviation policy; and (ii) the
Dirección General de Aviación Civil
(“DGAC”), which is a technical regulatory and control agency. The CNAC issues operating permits and grants operating concessions to national and international airlines. It also issues opinions on bilateral and multilateral air transportation treaties, allocates routes and traffic rights, and approves joint operating agreements such as wet leases and shared codes.
Fundamentally, the DGAC is responsible for:
•
ensuring that the national standards and technical regulations and international ICAO standards and regulations are observed;
•
keeping records on insurance, airworthiness and licenses of Ecuadorian civil aircraft;
•
maintaining the National Aircraft Registry;
•
issuing licenses to crews;
•
controlling air traffic control inside domestic air space;
•
approving shared codes; and
•
modifying operations permits.
The DGAC also must comply with the standards and recommended methods of ICAO since Ecuador is a signatory of the 1944 Chicago Convention.
Route Rights
Domestic Routes: Airlines must obtain authorization from CNAC (an operating permit or concession) to provide air transportation. For domestic operations, only companies incorporated in Ecuador can operate locally, and only Ecuadorian-licensed aircraft and dry leases are authorized to operate domestically.
International Routes: Permits for international operations are based on air transportation treaties signed by Ecuador or, otherwise, the principle of reciprocity is applied. All airlines doing business in Latin America that are incorporated in countries that are members of the
Comunidad Andina de Naciones
(the Andean Community, or “CAN”) obtain their traffic rights on the basis of decisions currently in force under that regime, in particular decision N°582 of 2004, which guarantee free access to markets, with no type of restriction except technical considerations.
48
Airfare Pricing Policy
On October 13, 2011, The Statutory Law of Regulation and Control of the Market Power was passed with a purpose to avoid, prevent, correct, eliminate and sanction the abuse of economic operators with market power, as well as to sanction restrictive, disloyal and agreements involving collusive practices. This Law creates a new public entity as the maximum authority of application and establishes the procedures of investigation and the applicable sanctions, which are severe. Rates are not regulated and are subject only to registration. In general, bilateral treaties regarding air transportation allow for airfares to be regulated by the regulation of the country of origin.
Brazil
Aeronautical Regulation
The Brazilian aviation industry is regulated and overseen by the ANAC. The ANAC reports directly to the Civil Aviation Secretary, which is subordinated by the Federal Executive Power of this country. Primarily on the basis of Law No. 11.182/2005, the ANAC was created to regulate commercial aviation, air navigation, the assignment of domestic and international routes, compliance with certain insurance requirements, flight operations, including personnel, aircraft and security standards, air traffic control, in this case sharing its activities and responsibilities with the
Departamento de Controle do Espaço Aéreo
(Department of Airspace Control or “DECEA”), which is a public secretary also subordinated to the Brazilian Defense Ministry, and airport management, in this last case sharing responsibilities with the
Empresa Brasileira de Infra-Estrutura Aeroportuária
(the Brazilian Airport Infrastructure Company, or “INFRAERO”), a public company that was created by Law No. 5862/72, and is responsible for administrating, operating and exploring Brazilian airports industrially and commercially (with the exception of airports granted to private initiative).
LATAM Airlines Brazil has obtained and maintains the necessary authority from the Brazilian government to conduct flight operations, including authorization and technical operative certificates from ANAC, the continuation of which is subject to ongoing compliance with applicable statutes, rules and regulations pertaining to the airline industry, including any rules and regulations that may be adopted in the future.
ANAC is the Brazilian civil aviation authority and it is responsible for supervising compliance with Brazilian laws and regulations relating to air navigation. Brazil is a contracting state and a permanent member of the ICAO. The ICAO establishes technical standards for the international aviation industry, which Brazilian authorities, represented by the Brazilian Defense Ministry, have incorporated into Brazilian laws and regulations. In the absence of an applicable Brazilian regulation concerning safety or maintenance, ANAC has incorporated by reference the majority of the ICAO’s technical standards.
Route Rights
Domestic Routes: Brazilian airlines operate under a public services concession, and for that reason Brazilian airlines are required to obtain a concession to provide passenger and cargo air transportation services from the Brazilian authorities. In addition, an Air Operator Certificate (“AOC”) is also required for Brazilian Airlines to provide regular domestic passenger or cargo transportation services. Brazilian Airlines also need to comply with all technical requirements established by the Brazilian Aviation Authority (ANAC). Based on the Brazilian Aeronautical Code (“CBA”) established by Brazilian Federal Law No. 7,565/86, there are no limitations to ownership of Brazilian airlines by foreign investors. The CBA also states that non-Brazilian airlines are not authorized to provide domestic air transportation services in Brazil
International Routes: Brazilian and non-Brazilian airlines providing services on international routes are also subject to a variety of bilateral civil air transport agreements that provide for the exchange of air traffic rights between Brazil and various other countries. International route rights, as well as the corresponding landing rights, are derived from a variety of air transport agreements negotiated between Brazil and foreign governments. Under such agreements, the government of one country grants the government of another country the right to designate one or more of its domestic airlines to operate scheduled services to certain destinations of the former and, in certain cases, to further connect to third-country destinations. In Brazil, when additional route frequencies to and from foreign cities become available, any eligible airline may apply to obtain them. If there is more than one applicant for a route frequency ANAC must carry out a public bid and award it to the elected airline. ANAC grants route frequencies subject to the condition that the recipient airline operates them on a permanent basis. ANAC’s resolution 491/18 indicates the requirements to establish the underuse of a frequency, and how it could be revoked and reassigned. This provision of the resolution came into force in September 2019.
49
Airfare Pricing Policy
Brazilian and non-Brazilian airlines are permitted to establish their own international and domestic fares, in this last case only for Brazilian airlines, without government regulation, as long as they do not abuse any dominant market position they may enjoy. Airlines may file complaints before the Antitrust Court with respect to monopolistic or other pricing practices by other airlines that violate Brazil’s antitrust laws.
Colombia
Aeronautical Regulation
The governmental entity in charge of regulating, directing and supervising civil aviation in Colombia is the Aeronáutica Civil (the “AC”), a technical agency ascribed to the Ministry of Transportation. The AC is the aeronautical authority for the entire domestic territory, in charge of regulating and supervising the Colombian air space. The AC may interpret, apply and complement all civil aviation and air transportation regulation to ensure compliance with the Colombian Aeronautical Regulations (“RAC”). The AC also grants the necessary permits for air transportation.
Route Rights
The AC grants operation permits to domestic and foreign carriers that intend to operate in, from and to Colombia. In the case of Colombian airlines, in order to obtain the operational permit, the company must comply with the RAC and fulfill legal, economic and technical requirements, in order to later be subject to public hearings where the public convenience and necessity of the service is considered. The same process must be followed to add national or international routes; whose concession is subject to the bilateral instruments entered into by Colombia. The only exception for not complying with the public hearing procedure is that the application comes from a country member of the CAN, or that the route or permit being applied for is part of a deregulated regime. Even if it does not go through the public hearing process, the airline must submit a complete study to the AC and the request is made public on the website of the authority. Routes cannot be transferred under any circumstance and there is no limit to foreign investment in domestic airlines.
Airfare Pricing Policy
Since July 2007, as stated in resolution 3299 of the Aeronautical Civil entity, bottom level airfares for both international and domestic transportation were eliminated. Under resolution 904 issued in February 2012, the Aeronautical Civil authority ceased to impose the obligation of charging a fuel surcharge for both domestic and international transportation of passengers and cargo. As of April 1, 2012, air carriers may now freely decide whether to charge a fuel surcharge. In the case that a fuel surcharge is charged, it must be part of the fare, but shall be informed separately on the tickets, advertising or other methods of marketing used by the company.
In the same line, as of April 1, 2012, there is no longer any restriction on maximum fares published by the airlines or with respect to the obligations for air carriers to report to the Aeronautical civil authority the fares and conditions the day after being published.
Administrative fares are not subject to any changes, and its charge is mandatory for the transport of passengers under Aeronautical Civil Regulations. Differential administrative fares apply to ticket sales made through Internet channels.
Antitrust Regulation
Chile
The Chilean antitrust authority, which we refer to as the National Economic Prosecutor Office (“FNE” by its Spanish name), oversees and investigates antitrust matters, which are governed by Decree Law No. 211 of 1973, as amended, or the “Antitrust Law.” The Antitrust Law considers as anticompetitive, any conduct that prevents, restricts or hinders competition, or sets out to produce said effects.
The Antitrust Law continues by giving examples of the following anticompetitive conducts: (i) cartels; (ii) abuse of dominance; and (iii) interlocking. The Antitrust Law defines abusive practices as (i) the abusive exploitation by an economic agent, or a group thereof, of a dominant position in the market, fixing sale or purchase prices, the imposition to acquire a specific product within a sale, allocating territories or market quotas or imposing similar abuses on other
50
competitors; and (ii) predatory practices, or unfair competition, carried out with the purpose of reaching, maintaining or increasing a dominant position in the market.
An aggrieved person may sue for damages arising from a breach of Antitrust Law by suing in the Chilean Antitrust Court (the “TDLC” by its Spanish name). The TDLC has the authority to impose a variety of sanctions for violations of the Antitrust Law, including: (i) the amendment or termination of acts and contracts; (ii) the amendment or dissolution of legal entities involved in the infringement; and/or (iii) the imposition of a fine up to 30% of the sales of the infringing entity corresponding to the line of products and/or services associated to the infraction, during the entire term for which the infringement lasted; alternatively, a fine equal to the double of the economic benefit obtained by the infringing company; or when none of these alternatives can be applied, a fine up to approximately US$50 million (60,000 UTA).
On August 17, 2023 Chilean Law No. 21,595 (the Economic Crimes Act, or “ECA”) was published in the Official Gazette. The ECA became effective on such same date with respect to individuals and will come into effect with respect to legal entities (e.g., such as LATAM Airlines Group) on September 1, 2024.
Among other things, the ECA considerably modifies the current regulation of criminal liability applicable to legal entities, including the following:
1.
The ECA expands the list of criminal offenses that can trigger the legal entity’s criminal liability from 20 to around 230 offenses.
2.
The ECA expands the individuals capable of triggering criminal liability of a legal entity, which as amended, consist of:
a.
Those who hold an office, position or perform duties within the corresponding legal entity.
b.
Those who provide services managing the legal entity’s affairs with third parties, with or without representation.
c.
Those individuals captured by (a) and (b) above that (i) provide services to another legal entity or (ii) have ownership or stake in such another legal entity in a way that the other legal entity lacks operational autonomy (i.e., an employee of a controlled subsidiary may trigger the criminal liability of the holding company).
3.
The ECA adds the appointment by the courts of a supervisor of the legal entity as a potential sanction or protective order that may be adopted during the investigation stage of the criminal procedure. The instructions provided by the supervisor are binding to the company.
4.
The ECA will no longer require that the crime be committed in the benefit of the legal entity for the entity to be criminally responsible. The legal entity will only be exempt from this responsibility when the crime is committed exclusively against such legal entity.
5.
There will be a special day-rate system of fines for legal entities. In this case, the potentially applicable fines will range from approximately US$725 to US$145 million.
As described above under “—Route Rights—Airfare Pricing Policy,” pursuant to Resolution No. 445 of August 1995, the TDLC approved a merger between LAN Chile and LADECO, but imposed a specific self-regulatory fare plan for domestic air passenger market consistent with the TDLC’s directive to maintain a competitive environment within the domestic market. This Airfare Pricing Policy Plan was updated by the TDLC particularly to maintain its objective which consists of a tariff regulation, through which maximum rates are established on non-competitive routes under a monthly compliance scheme.
Since October 1997, LATAM and LATAM Chile follow a self-regulatory plan, which was modified and approved by the TDLC in July 2005, and further in September 2011. In February 2010, the FNE closed the investigation initiated in 2007 regarding our compliance with this self-regulatory plan and no further observations were made.
In June 2012, the antitrust authorities in Chile and Brazil each imposed certain mitigation measures as part of their approval of the LAN/TAM merger. Furthermore, the association was also submitted to the antitrust authorities in Germany, Italy, Spain and Argentina. All these jurisdictions granted unconditional clearances for this transaction. For more information regarding these mitigation measures please see below.
51
On September 21, 2011, the TDLC issued a decision (the “Decision”) with respect to the consultation procedure initiated on January 28, 2011, in connection with the merger between LAN and TAM. The TDLC approved the proposed merger between LAN and TAM, subject to 14 conditions as generally described below:
1.
swap certain slots in the Guarulhos Airport at São Paulo, Brazil, to be used by an occasional third party interested in offering direct non-stop flights between São Paulo and Santiago;
2.
extension of the frequent flyer program to airlines operating or willing to operate the Santiago-São Paulo, Santiago-Río de Janeiro, Santiago-Montevideo and Santiago-Asunción routes during the five-year period from the effective time of the merger;
3.
execution of interline agreements with airlines operating the Santiago-São Paulo, Santiago-Río de Janeiro and Santiago-Asunción routes;
4.
certain capacity and other transitory restrictions applicable to the Santiago-São Paulo route;
5.
certain amendments to LAN’s self-regulatory fare plan approved by the TDLC with respect to LAN’s domestic passenger business;
6.
the obligation of LATAM to resign to one global airline alliance within 24 months from the date in which the merger becomes effective, except in the case that the TDLC approves otherwise, or to elect not to participate in any global airline alliance;
7.
certain restrictions on code-sharing agreements outside the global airline alliance to which LATAM belongs for routes with origin or destination in Chile or that connect to North America and Europe, or with Avianca/TACA or Gol for international routes in South America, including the obligation to consult with, and obtain approval from, the TDLC prior to its execution of certain of those codeshare agreements (the “Seventh Condition”);
8.
the abandonment of four air traffic frequencies with freedom rights between Chile and Peru, limitations to acquire more than 75% of the air traffic frequencies in that route, and the periods in which air traffic frequencies may be granted to LATAM by the Chilean authorities;
9.
issuance of a statement by LATAM supporting the unilateral opening of the Chilean domestic skies (
cabotage
) and abstention from any actions that would prevent such opening;
10.
promotion by LATAM of the growth and normal operation of the Guarulhos (Brazil) and Arturo Merino Benítez (Chile) airports, to facilitate access thereto to other airlines;
11.
certain restrictions regarding incentives to travel agencies;
12.
to maintain temporarily 12 round trip flights per week between Chile and the United States and at least seven round trip non-stop flights per week between Chile and Europe;
13.
certain transitory restrictions on increasing fares in the Santiago-São Paulo and Santiago-Río de Janeiro routes for the passenger business and for the Chile-Brazil routes for the cargo business; and
14.
engaging an independent consultant, expert in airline operations to, in coordination with the FNE, monitor and audit compliance with the conditions imposed by the Decision for 36 months.
Around June 2015, the FNE initiated a legal claim against LATAM before the TDLC alleging that LATAM was not complying with certain mitigation conditions related to the code share agreements with airlines outside LATAM’s global alliance as referenced above in the seventh condition. Although LATAM opposed to this allegation and responded to the claim accordingly, a settlement agreement was reached between the FNE and LATAM (the “Settlement Agreement”). The Settlement Agreement approved by the TDLC on December 22, 2015, terminated the legal proceeding initiated by the FNE and did not establish any violation by LATAM of the TDLC resolutions or any applicable antitrust regulations by LATAM. The Settlement Agreement did establish the obligation of LATAM to amend and terminate certain code share agreements and contract an independent third party consultant, which would act as an advisor to the FNE to monitor the compliance by LATAM of the Seventh Condition and the Settlement Agreement.
52
On October 31, 2018, the TDLC approved the joint business agreements between LATAM and American Airlines, and between LATAM and International Airlines Group (“IAG”), subject to nine mitigation measures. On May 23, 2019 the Supreme Court of Chile revoked the TDLC decision to approve these agreements, and by the end of 2019 LATAM decided to terminate both agreements.
On October 15, 2019, LATAM Airlines Group was notified that the Chilean Economic Prosecution (Fiscalía Nacional Económica, “FNE”) had commenced an investigation regarding a joint venture agreement entered into between LATAM Airlines Group and Delta Airlines Inc. (“Delta”). On August 13, 2021, Delta and LATAM reached an out-of-court-agreement with FNE to close the investigation and allow the implementation of their joint venture agreement, subject to certain mitigation measures. On October 28, 2021 the settlement was approved by the TDLC. The mitigation measures included, among others, obligations for LATAM to restrict and isolate information exchanges and databases related to joint venture markets, as well as updating the company’s compliance program. The settlement also imposes certain obligations on Delta and on directors to LATAM’s board nominated with Delta’s votes, such as affidavits attesting the independence of LATAM’s directors nominated with Delta’s votes, compliance measures to restrict the exchange of commercially sensitive information, and periodic antitrust training regarding their obligations under the settlement.
Relatedly, on August 12, 2021, LATAM was notified of a resolution issued by the FNE alleging non-compliance of restrictions imposed with respect to certain codeshare agreements. On November 6, 2023, LATAM, Delta Air Lines and FNE reached an out-of-court agreement to amend part of the codeshare agreements, which was approved by the TDLC on December 7, 2023.
Brazil
The CADE approved the LAN/TAM merger by unanimous decision during its hearing on December 14, 2011, subject to the following conditions: (1) the new combined group (LATAM) should leave one of the two global alliances to which it was a part of (Star Alliance or oneworld); and (2) the new combined group (LATAM) should offer to swap two pairs of slots in Guarulhos International Airport, to be used by an occasional third party interested in offering direct non-stop flights between São Paulo and Santiago, Chile. These impositions are in line with the mitigation measures adopted by the TDLC, in Chile.
On February 24, 2021, the CADE approved without remedies the Joint Venture Agreement between Delta Air Lines and LATAM Airlines Group. Previously, in a separate case, the CADE approved without remedies the acquisition by Delta Air Lines of up to 20% of LATAM common shares on March 18, 2020.
Uruguay
On December 14, 2020 the antitrust authority of Uruguay (
Comisión de Promoción y Defensa de la Competencia
) approved the Joint Venture Agreement between LATAM and Delta Air Lines. The same agreement was filed before the aeronautical authority of Uruguay (the
Dirección Nacional de Aviación Civil e Infraestructura Aeronáutica
) on September 21, 2020 and approved by default on December 20, 2020, as the timeframe provided by the Aeronautical Code Law to the authority in order to resolve on the matter expired (90 days after filing).
United States
On July 8, 2020 LATAM and Delta Air Lines applied for approval and antitrust clearance of all the agreements related to their Joint Venture Agreement before the U.S. Department of Transportation (“DOT”). On September 30, 2022, the DOT approved the Joint Venture Agreement between Delta Air Lines and LATAM group.
Colombia
On September 4, 2020 LATAM and Delta Air Lines applied for an approval of the Joint Venture Agreement before Aerocivil, which was finally received on May 10, 2021.
53
C.
Organizational Structure
LATAM Airlines Group and LATAM Airlines Brazil ownership structure as of December 31, 2023 is as follows:
|
Sixth Street Partners (27.91%)
|
Strategic Value Partners (16.02%)
|
Delta Air Lines (10.05%)
|
Qatar Airways (10.03%)
|
Cueto Group (5.03%)
|
Others (30.97%)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
TEP Chile S.A.
|
LATAM Airlines Group Chile
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
100% non voting shares
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
48.96% voting share
|
51.04% voting share
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
HoldCo S.A. Chile
|
100% non voting share
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
100% voting share
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
TAM S.A. Brazil
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
100%
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
TLA Brazil
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2023, LATAM group is composed of LATAM Airlines Group, incorporated in Chile, and 9 main operating subsidiaries as follow:
| Legal Name | Place of Incorporation | Doing Business as |
Ownership (%)
1
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Transporte Aéreo S.A | Chile | LATAM Airlines Chile | 100.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| LATAM Airlines Perú S.A. | Peru | LATAM Airlines Peru | 99.81% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| LATAM-Airlines Ecuador S.A. | Ecuador | LATAM Airlines Ecuador | Voting | 60.00% | |||||||||||||||||||
| No Voting | 100.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerovías de Integración Regional, Aires S.A | Colombia | LATAM Airlines Colombia | 99.23% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM S.A | Brazil |
LATAM Airlines Brazil
2
|
Voting | 51.04% | |||||||||||||||||||
| No Voting | 100.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transporte Aéreos del Mercosur S.A. | Paraguay | LATAM Paraguay | 94.98% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Lan Cargo S.A | Chile | LATAM Airlines Cargo | 99.90% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Linea Aérea Carguera de Colombia S.A. | Colombia | LATAM Cargo Colombia | 90.46% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. | Brazil | LATAM Cargo Brazil | 100.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Percentage of equity owned by LATAM Airlines Group directly or indirectly through subsidiaries or affiliates.
(2) TAM S.A. include its affiliate TAM Linhas Aereas S.A (“TLA”), which does business under the name “LATAM Airlines Brazil”.
For more information, see Notes 1 and 14 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
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D.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Chile
Headquarters
Our main corporate facility is located in Las Condes, where we rent 6,750 m
2
for our executive offices in a central location of Santiago, Chile. This space is distributed in seven floors along one building.
Maintenance Base
Our 160,000 m
2
maintenance base is located on a site that we own inside Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. This facility contains our aircraft hangar (12,000 m
2
), warehouses (10,000 m
2
), workshops (5,300 m
2
) and offices (11,000 m
2
), other spaces (20,000 m
2
), as well as a 98,000 m
2
aircraft parking area capable of accommodating up to seventeen short-haul aircraft. We also lease from the Sociedad Concesionaria Nuevo Pudahuel S.A. approximately 6,220 m
2
of space inside the Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport for operational and service purposes.
Other Facilities
We own sixteen acres of land and a building on the west side of the Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport that houses a flight-training center. This facility features three full-flight simulators (which are not property of LATAM), one for Boeing 787 and two for Airbus A320 aircraft.
Fast Air Almacenes de Carga S.A., one of our affiliates that operates import customs warehouses, utilizes a 10.500 m² warehouse located at Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.
Brazil
Headquarters
LATAM Airlines Brazil’s main facilities are located in São Paulo, in hangars within the Congonhas Airport and nearby. At Congonhas Airport, LATAM Airlines Brazil leases office facilities in converted hangars belonging to INFRAERO (the Local Airport Administrator). These facilities comprise an area of approximately 38,807 m².
Headquarters of the Presidency
The Headquarters of the Presidency and Service Academy is located at Rua Atica, about 2.5 km from Congonhas Airport. This property, which LATAM Airlines Brazil owns, is used for human resources selection, medical services, training, mock-ups and offices- The Service Academy comprises 15,342 m² of land area and 9,032 m² of building area.
Maintenance Base
At Hangars II and V in Congonhas Airport, which LATAM Airlines Brazil leases from INFRAERO, LATAM Airlines Brazil has 23,886 m² of offices and hangars with about 1,300 workstations. This site also houses the aircraft maintenance, procurement, aeronautical materials logistics and retrofitting departments.
Other Facilities
In São Paulo, LATAM Airlines Brazil has other facilities, including a call center building with 3,199 m2, distributed over five floors (plus a ground floor and a basement) that currently holds about 272 workstations and support rooms (meetings / training / dining room / coordination) of the operations of call center reservations, and other ABSA back office services.
In Guarulhos, LATAM has a total area of approximately 12,649 m
2
distributed within the passenger terminal, including areas such as check-in, ticket sales, check-out, operations areas, a VIP Lounge and aircraft maintenance spaces. The Hangar Complex adds an area of 65,080 m². The cargo terminal has 252 m² of office and 17,215 m² of open area. Our distribution center supplies area occupies 3,030 m².
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New Facilities
LATAM Airlines Brazil completed several infrastructure projects in Brazil during 2023, including:
1.
Delivery of a new Board Room in Hangar II, at Guarulhos airport.
2.
Optimization and adaptation to the new quality standards of the São Carlos MRO.
3.
Initiation of the project to build a new hangar at MRO in São Carlos with 5,000 m².
4.
Obtaining the “Building Accessibility Certificate of the Service Academy”, in compliance with Brazilian regulations.
5.
Update of the visual communication at Cargo Terminals.
6.
Development of the required infrastructure at Passo Fundo Airport, to enable Passo Fundo as one of LATAM's destinations.
7.
Closing of the Juiz de Fora (IZA) and Presidente Prudente (PPB) bases.
Other locations
We occupy a 36.3-acre site at the Miami International Airport that has been leased to us under a concession agreement by the Miami Dade Aviation Department. Our facilities include a 13,609 m² corporate building, a 115,824 m² cargo warehouse (including 35,561 m² refrigerated area) and a 238,658 m² aircraft-parking platform. These facilities were constructed and are now leased to us under a long-term contract by Aeroterm, a division of Realterm. For the year ended 2023, we paid US$10.8 million in rent under the foregoing leases.
In February 2014, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Miami-Dade County covering approximately 1.81 acres of land located on the grounds of the Miami International Airport. The lease has a term of 30 years with a total annual land cost of US$172,080.
Under the lease, we retained the right to construct a hangar facility on the leased premises. The Company completed construction in November 2015 and the hangar has been operational since June 2016. The property has a 15,479 m² aircraft maintenance space, sufficient to house a Boeing 777 aircraft, in addition to a 9,888 m² area designated for office space. Total investment in this hangar in construction and related expenditures by LATAM was US$16.5 million.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 5 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
A.
Operating Results
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes beginning on page F-1 of this annual report.
The summary consolidated annual financial information as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, has been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards and has been derived from our audited consolidated annual financial statements included in this annual report. The items included in the financial statements of each of the entities of LATAM Airlines Group and Subsidiaries are valued using the currency of the main economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The functional currency of LATAM is the United States dollar which is also the presentation currency of the consolidated financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group and Subsidiaries.
Overview
We derive our revenues primarily from transporting passengers on our passenger aircraft, as well as from transporting cargo in the belly of our passenger aircraft and in our dedicated freighter aircraft. In 2023, 86.6% of our total revenues (including in the total for this purpose other income from operating activities) came from passenger revenues and
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12.1% came from our cargo business. The remaining 1.3% was classified as other operating income, which consists primarily of subleases of aircraft to third parties and other miscellaneous income.
Passenger Operations
In general, LATAM’s passenger revenues are driven by international and country-specific political and economic conditions, competitive activity, and the attractiveness of the destinations that are served. Passenger revenues are also affected by our capacity, traffic, load factors, yield and unit revenue. The capacity is measured in terms of available seat kilometers (“ASKs”), which represents the sum, across the network, of the number of seats made available for sale on each flight, multiplied by the kilometers flown by the respective flight. Traffic in RPKs is measured, as the sum, across the network, of the number of revenue passengers on each flight multiplied by the number of kilometers flown by the respective flight. Load factors represent RPKs (traffic) as a percentage of ASKs (capacity), or the percentage of our capacity that is actually used by paying customers. Yield, revenue from passenger operations divided by RPKs, is used to measure the average amount that one passenger pays to fly one kilometer and unit revenue, or revenue per ASK, to measure the effect of capacity on revenues.
| For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Var. % | |||||||||||||||
| ASKs (million) (at period end) | |||||||||||||||||
| International | 67,514.3 | 49,575.7 | 36.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| SSC | 24,970.3 | 23,384.7 | 6.8 | % | |||||||||||||
| Domestic Brazil | 44,765.9 | 40,891.8 | 9.5 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total | 137,250.5 | 113,852.2 | 20.6 | % | |||||||||||||
| RPKs (million) | |||||||||||||||||
| International | 57,340.2 | 41,140.5 | 39.4 | % | |||||||||||||
| SSC | 20,482.0 | 18,942.6 | 8.1 | % | |||||||||||||
| Domestic Brazil | 36,184.5 | 32,504.8 | 11.3 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total | 114,006.6 | 92,587.8 | 23.1 | % | |||||||||||||
| Passenger load factor (%) | |||||||||||||||||
| International | 84.9 | 83.0 | 1.9 | p.p. | |||||||||||||
| SSC | 82.0 | 81.0 | 1.0 | p.p. | |||||||||||||
| Domestic Brazil | 80.8 | 79.5 | 1.3 | p.p. | |||||||||||||
| Combined load factor | 83.1 | 81.3 | 1.8 | p.p. | |||||||||||||
In terms of passengers transported by LATAM, during 2023 we carried 11.4 million more passengers than in 2022, totaling 73.9 million passengers. As of December 31, 2023, passenger traffic increased 23.1% and total passenger capacity increased 20.6%.
As of December 31, 2023, ASKs for domestic operations in Brazil increased by 9.5% compared to the previous year. Passenger traffic as measured by RPKs increased by 11.3% in 2023 with regard to 2022, resulting in a stable passenger load factor, remaining at 80.8%
The domestic operations of our affiliate carriers based in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, which accounted for 18.2% of total passenger capacity (measured by ASKs), showed an increase of 8.1% in passenger traffic (measured by RPKs) in 2023 while capacity increased 6.8% as compared to 2022. As a result, the passenger load factor increased by 1.0 percentage points to 82.0%.
The group’s international operations continued to recover notably during 2023. Compared to 2022, capacity in international operations increased by 36.2% and traffic by 39.4% in 2023, resulting in a solid increase of 1.9 percentage points in passenger load factors, which reached 84.9%.
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Cargo Operations
Cargo operations depend on exports from South America to North America and Europe, and imports from North America and Europe to South America, where Brazil is the main import market. Cargo markets are affected by economic conditions, foreign exchange rates, changes in international trade, the health of particular industries and competition and fuel prices (which we usually pass on to our customers through a cargo fuel surcharge). Cargo revenues are affected by the capacity, traffic, cargo load factors and yield. The capacity is measured in terms of available ton kilometers (“ATKs”) which represents the number of tons available across the network for the transportation of cargo on each flight, multiplied by the kilometers flown by the respective flights. Traffic in revenue ton kilometers (“RTKs”) is measured as the amount of cargo loads (measured in tons) on each flight multiplied by the number of kilometers flown by the respective flights. Load factors represent RTKs (traffic) as a percentage of ATKs (capacity), or the percentage of the cargo capacity that is actually used to transport cargo for the customers. Finally, cargo yield, or revenue from cargo operations divided by RTKs, is used to measure the average amount that the customers pay to transport one ton of cargo per kilometer.
As of December 31, 2023, cargo traffic increased by 4.8% relative to the same period in 2022, while cargo capacity increased 14.6% year-over-year, which led to a drop of 4.8 percentage points in cargo load factors to 51.6%. Cargo yield decreased 21.3% year-over-year. As a result, revenues per ATK decreased 28.0% in 2023 compared to 2022.
Cost Structure
LATAM’s costs are largely driven by the size of its operations, fuel prices, fleet costs and exchange rates. Operating expenses are calculated in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards and comprise the sum of the line items “cost of sales” plus “distribution costs” plus “administrative expenses” plus “other gains/(losses)” plus “restructuring activities” plus “other expenses,” as shown on our consolidated statement of comprehensive income. These operating expenses include wages and benefits, fuel, depreciation and amortization, commissions to agents, aircraft rentals, other rental and landing fees, passenger services, aircraft maintenance and other operating expenses. Restructuring activities expenses are those costs related to the Initial and Subsequent Debtors’ filing for Chapter 11 voluntary protection and associated restructuring. The following is a discussion of the drivers of the most important costs.
As an airline group, we are subject to fluctuations in costs that are outside of our control, particularly fuel prices. During 2023, average jet fuel prices decreased by 13.7% compared to 2022. LATAM has a hedging policy to protect medium term liquidity risk from fuel price increases, while participating in the benefits of fuel price reductions. Cost of fuel is also affected by the amount of gallons we consume, which depends on the size of our operation, the efficiency of our fleet and the impact of our efficiency programs.
Personnel expenses are another significant component of our overall costs. Because a significant portion of our labor costs are denominated in Chilean pesos and in Brazilian Reals, appreciation of these currencies against the U.S. dollar as well as increases in local inflation rates can result in increased costs in U.S. dollar terms and can negatively affect our results. Depreciation of local currencies results in decreases in costs in dollars. Other important drivers of personnel expenses are average headcount and average wages.
Commissions paid to travel and cargo agents are also a significant cost to LATAM. LATAM group competes with other airlines over the amount of commission paid per sale, particularly in connection with special programs and marketing efforts, and to maintain competitive incentives with travel agents.
Fleet related expenses, namely aircraft rentals, aircraft maintenance and depreciation, are another significant cost, and mainly depend on the number and type of aircraft that are owned and that are under leases. Generally, these costs are largely fixed and can be reduced on a per unit basis by achieving higher aircraft utilization rates. In 2024, only a small fraction of LATAM’s wide-body fleet will continue to operate on a payment-by-use basis (known as Power-by-the-Hour, “PBH”), as a result of the company’s negotiations with creditors and lessors during its Chapter 11 proceedings.
The Aircraft Rentals expense line is used to account for the expenses associated with the group’s variable payments related to aircraft with operating leases whose long-term agreements have been signed and approved by the US Court. Starting in 2021, the Company amended its Aircraft Lease Contracts which included lease payment based on Power by the Hour (PBH) at the beginning of the contract and then switches to fixed-rent payments. A right of use asset and a lease liability was recognized as result of those amendments at the date of modification of the contract, even if they initially had a variable payment period. As a result of the application of the lease accounting policy, the right of use assets continues to be amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease from the contract modification date. The expenses for the year include both: the lease expense for variable payments (Aircraft Rentals) as well as the expenses resulting from the
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amortization of the right of use assets from the beginning of the contract (included in the Depreciation line) and interest from the lease liability (included in Lease Liabilities).
Restructuring activities refer to the gains/losses in connection with the Chapter 11 proceedings, including costs related with the rejection of aircraft lease contracts, rejection of IT contracts, renegotiation of fleet contracts and legal advice fees, among others; as well as gains on the settlement of Chapter 11 claims for accounts payable. For more information on the restructuring activities gains/losses, please see Note 2, 16 and 26 of our audited consolidated financial statements.
Results of Operations
LATAM Financial Results Discussion: For the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.
The following table sets forth certain income statement data for LATAM, for the year ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
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| For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
(in US$ millions, except
per share data) |
As a percentage of total
operating revenues |
2023/2022
% change |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Results of Income by Function | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Passenger | 10,215.1 | 7,636.4 | 87.8 | % | 81.6 | % | 33.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cargo | 1,425.4 | 1,726.1 | 12.2 | % | 18.4 | % | (17.4 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 11,640.5 | 9,362.5 | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 24.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | (8,816.6) | (8,103.5) | (75.7) | % | (86.6) | % | 8.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 2,824.0 | 1,259.0 | 24.3 | % | 13.4 | % | 124.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 148.6 | 154.3 | 1.3 | % | 1.6 | % | (3.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution costs | (587.3) | (426.6) | (5.0) | % | (4.6) | % | 37.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | (683.3) | (576.4) | (5.9) | % | (6.2) | % | 18.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expenses | (532.8) | (531.6) | (4.6) | % | (5.7) | % | 0.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains/(losses) from restructuring activities | — | 1,679.9 | — | % | 17.9 | % | (100.0) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial income | 125.4 | 1,052.3 | 1.1 | % | 11.2 | % | (88.1 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial costs | (698.2) | (942.4) | (6.0) | % | (10.1) | % | (25.9 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange gains/(losses) | 85.9 | 26.0 | 0.7 | % | 0.3 | % | 230.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Result of indexation units | 5.3 | (1.4) | 0.0 | % | — | % | (479.4 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other gains/(losses) | (91.0) | (347.1) | (0.8) | % | (3.7 | %) | (73.8 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before taxes | 596.5 | 1,346.0 | 5.1 | % | 14.4 | % | (55.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense) / benefits | (14.9) | (8.9) | (0.1) | % | (0.1) | % | 67.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) for the year | 581.6 | 1,337.1 | 5.0 | % | (95.2) | % | (56.5) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) attributable to the parent company’s equity holders | 581.8 | 1,339.2 | 5.0 | % | 14.3 | % | (56.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | (0.3) | (2.1) | 0.0 | % | — | % | (86.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) for the period | 581.6 | 1,337.1 | 5.0 | % | (95.2) | % | (56.5) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning (loss) per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic earning (loss) per share (US$) | 0.00096 | 0.01386 | n.a | n.a | (93.1) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earning (loss) per share (US$) | 0.00096 | 0.01359 | n.a | n.a | (92.9) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
______________________________________________________
*
The abbreviation “n.a.” means not available.
Operating Revenues
Our total revenues increased by 24.3% to US$11,640.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from US$9,362.5 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase in revenues in 2023 was mainly attributable to the 33.8% increase in passenger revenues to US$10,215.1 million in 2023 from US$7,636.4 million in 2022, driven by the increase in
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passenger traffic by 23.1% (measured in RPKs) with respect to 2022, caused by the continued recovery of the international travel demand.
Cargo revenues decreased by 17.4%, to US$1,425.4 million in 2023 from US$1,726.1 million in 2022. Total cargo capacity increased by 14.6%, in line with the increase in freighter capacity. Cargo traffic increased 4.8%, resulting in a 4.8 percentage point decrease of the cargo load factor. This capacity increase is also explained by the recovery of passenger capacity levels, and the use of their belies for cargo. Cargo yield fell 21.3% year-over-year, as a result, revenues per ATK decreased 28.0% in comparison to the previous year.
Passenger and cargo revenues accounted for 86.6% and 12.1% of total revenues in 2023, respectively.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales increased by 8.8% to US$8,816.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 (from US$8,103.5 million in 2022), mainly due to the 20.6% increase in passenger operations.
The table below presents cost of sales information for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
| For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In US$ millions |
As a percentage of total
operating revenues |
2023/2022
% change |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | 11,640.5 | 9,362.5 | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 24.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | (8,816.6) | (8,103.5) | (75.7) | % | (86.6) | % | 8.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft Fuel | (3,947.2) | (3,882.5) | (33.9) | % | (41.5) | % | 1.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Wages and Benefits | (1,225.2) | (973.7) | (10.5) | % | (10.4) | % | 25.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Rental and Landing Fees | (1,317.2) | (1,031.5) | (11.3) | % | (11.0) | % | 27.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization | (1,102.8) | (1,083.0) | (9.5) | % | (11.6) | % | 1.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft Maintenance | (601.8) | (582.7) | (5.2) | % | (6.2) | % | 3.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Passenger Services | (271.8) | (184.4) | (2.3) | % | (2.0) | % | 47.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft Rentals | (91.9) | (202.8) | (0.8) | % | (2.2) | % | (54.7 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Costs of Sales | (258.6) | (162.9) | (2.2) | % | (1.7) | % | 58.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fuel costs increased by 1.7%, mainly as a result of a 17.5% increase in fuel consumption compared to 2022 attributed to the 20.6% increase in passenger operations during 2023, offset by a 13.7% decrease in average fuel price. During the period ended December 31, 2023, LATAM recognized a gain of US$15.7 million for fuel hedging net of premiums in the costs of sales for the year, compared to a gain of US$18.8 million as of December 31, 2022.
Wages and benefits increased by 25.8%, mainly explained by higher crew and airport staff costs, along with an 10.7% increase in the average number of employees during 2023.
Other rental and landing fees increased 27.7%, mainly due to the increase in the level of passenger operations.
Depreciation and amortization increased by 1.8%, explained by 19 additional aircraft in the operating fleet compared to the end of 2022, offset by the renegotiation of fleet operating lease contracts after the exit from Chapter 11.
Aircraft maintenance increased by 3.3% mainly attributed to a bigger average fleet and the increase in the level of passenger operations.
Passenger services costs increased by 47.4% mainly explained by an increase in the costs of catering and on-board services as a result of the cessation of food delivery restrictions presented until the first months of 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the growth in demand caused an increase of 18.3% in the number of passengers transported, mainly in the international segment.
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Aircraft rental expenses decreased by US$54.7% to US$91.9 million in 2023, due to a decrease in the number of aircraft under PBH mode. PBH contracts continued to be in place in 2023, as certain wide-body fleet contracts will remain in effect for part of 2024.
As a result of the above, gross margin (defined as revenues minus cost of sales) totaled a profit of US$2,824 million, compared to a profit of US$1,259 million in 2022.
Other Consolidated Results
Other operating income decreased in 2023 by 3.7%, from US$154.3 million in 2022 to US$148.6 million in 2023, mainly due to the cessation of compensation from Delta Air Lines in 2023, associated with the implementation of the Joint Venture Agreement signed in 2019, and partially offset by higher income from sales of spare and rotatable engines of the Airbus A350 and Airbus A320 fleet during 2023.
Distribution costs increased by 37.7%, totaling US$587.3 million, due to
an increase in sales commissions plus an increase in fixed costs related with the commercial areas.
Administrative expenses increased by 18.5% from US$576.4 million in 2022 to US$683.3 million in 2023, due to the increase in headcount, plus an increase in marketing expenses. In 2022, LATAM group had an average of 30,872 employees, while in 2023 this was increased to an average of 34,174employees.
Other expenses increased slightly by 0.2% from US$531.6 million in 2022 to US$532.8 million in 2023.
Gain from Restructuring activities had no movements in 2023 given the exit of the Company from Chapter 11 in November 2022.
Financial income decreased by 88.1% from US$1,052.3 million in 2022 to US$125.4 million in 2023, mainly due to the gains on the settlement of certain financial claims in 2022, as well as a reversal of previously recognized accrued interest for financial liabilities that were restructured during 2022, both attributable to the exit from Chapter 11. For more information, please see Note 26 of our audited consolidated financial statements.
Financial costs decreased by 25.9% from US$942.4 million in 2022 to US$698.2 million in 2023, mainly explained by interests recognized during 2022 associated with the DIP financing.
The foreign exchange gain of US$85.9 million in 2023, compared to a gain of US$26.0 million in 2022, was driven mainly by the appreciation of the Brazilian Real during 2023.
Other gains (losses) registered a loss of US$91.0 million in 2023, compared to a loss of US$347.1 million in 2022, principally due to the recognition at net realizable value of A319 family aircraft classified as held for sale during 2023.
The income tax expense for 2023 amounted to US$(14.9) million as compared to an income tax expense of US$(8.9) million in 2022. This difference is mainly explained by a reduction of US$23.4 million in the deferred tax assets and the partial offset of tax losses by US$17.4 million in taxes owed by certain affiliates of the group. For more information, see Note 17 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Net profit
Net profit for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled US$581.6 million, compared to a net profit of US$1,337.1 million recorded in 2022. Net profit attributable to the parent company’s shareholders was US$581.8 million in 2023. As a result, LATAM’s accumulated profit as of the year end, LATAM group could distribute dividends in accordance with Chilean law, subject to shareholder approval.
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Results of Operations
LATAM Financial Results Discussion: For the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.
The following table sets forth certain income statement data for LATAM, for the year ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021.
| For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In US$ millions |
As a percentage of
total operating revenues |
2022/2021
% change |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Results of Income by Function | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Passenger | 7,636.4 | 3,342.4 | 81.6 | % | 68.4 | % | 23.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cargo | 1,726.1 | 1,541.6 | 18.4 | % | 31.6 | % | 12.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 9,362.5 | 4,884.0 | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 91.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | (8,103.5) | (4,963.5) | (86.6) | % | (101.6) | % | 63.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 1,259.0 | (79.5) | 13.4 | % | (1.6) | % | (1683.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 154.3 | 227.3 | 1.6 | % | 4.7 | % | (32.1) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution costs | (426.6) | (291.8) | (4.6) | % | (6.0) | % | 46.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | (576.4) | (439.5) | (6.2) | % | (9.0) | % | 31.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expenses | (531.6) | (535.8) | (5.7) | % | (11.0) | % | (0.8) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains/(losses) from restructuring activities | 1,679.9 | (2,337.2) | 17.9 | % | (47.9) | % | (171.9 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial income | 1,052.3 | 21.1 | 11.2 | % | 0.4 | % | 4887.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial costs | (942.4) | (805.5) | (10.1) | % | (16.5) | % | 17.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange gains/(losses) | 26.0 | 131.4 | 0.3 | % | 2.7 | % | (80.2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Result of indexation units | (1.4) | (5.4) | — | % | (0.1 | %) | (157.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other gains/(losses) | (347.1) | 30.7 | (3.7 | %) | 0.6 | % | (1230.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before taxes | 1,346.0 | (4,084.2) | 14.4 | % | (83.6) | % | (133.0) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense) / benefits | (8.9) | (568.9) | (0.1) | % | (11.6 | %) | (98.4) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) for the year | 1,337.1 | (4,653.1) | (95.2) | % | (95.3) | % | 2.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) attributable to the parent company’s equity holders | 1,339.2 | (4,647.5) | 14.3 | % | (95.2) | % | (128.8 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | (2.1) | (5.7) | — | % | (0.1) | % | (41.4) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) for the period | 1,337.1 | (4,653.1) | (95.2) | % | (95.3) | % | 2.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning (loss) per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic earning (loss) per share (US$) | 0.01386 | (7.66397) | n.a | n.a | 2.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earning (loss) per share (US$) | 0.01359 | (7.66397) | n.a | n.a | 2.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The abbreviation “n.a.” means not available.
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Operating Revenues
Our total revenues increased by 91.7% to US$9,362.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to revenues of US$4,884.0 million in 2021. The 2022 increase in revenues was mainly attributable to the recovery in air travel and its direct impact on passenger revenues. Passenger and cargo revenues accounted for 81.6% and 18.4% of total revenues in 2022, respectively.
Our consolidated passenger revenues increased by 128.5% to US$7,636.4 million in 2022 from US$3,342.4 million in 2021, as a result of the easing of travel restrictions both in the region and worldwide, and its subsequent impact on passenger operations. This was driven by the increase in passenger traffic, which increased 84% (measured in RPKs) with respect to 2021.
Cargo revenues increased by 12.0%, to US$1,726.1 million in 2022 from US$1,541.6 million in 2021, mainly driven by the increase in cargo dedicated capacity also accompanied by the healthy trend in yields as compared with the pre-pandemic context. Cargo capacity increased by 30.7% and traffic increased by 16.4%, resulting in a 6.9 p.p. load factor decrease. Cargo yields fell 3.8% year over year and as a result, revenues per ATK decreased by 14.3%.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales increased by 63.3% to US$8,103.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 (from US$4,963.5 million in 2021), mainly due to the increase in fuel price during the year in addition to overall increasing costs due to the annual recovery in passenger operations.
The table below presents cost of sales information for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
| For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In US$ millions | As a percentage of total operating revenues |
2022/2021
% change |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | 9,362.5 | 4,884.0 | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 91.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | (8,103.5) | (4,963.5) | (86.6) | % | (101.6) | % | 63.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft Fuel | (3,882.5) | (1,487.8) | (41.5) | % | (30.5) | % | 161.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Wages and Benefits | (973.7) | (766.2) | (10.4) | % | (15.7) | % | 27.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Rental and Landing Fees | (1,031.5) | (749.8) | (11.0) | % | (15.4) | % | 37.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization | (1,083.0) | (1,073.0) | (11.6) | % | (22.0) | % | 0.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft Maintenance | (582.7) | (533.9) | (6.2) | % | (10.9) | % | 9.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Passenger Services | (184.4) | (77.4) | (2.0) | % | (1.6) | % | 138.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft Rentals | (202.8) | (120.6) | (2.2) | % | n.a. | n.a. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Costs of Sales | (162.8) | (154.9) | (1.7) | % | (3.2) | % | 5.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fuel costs increased by 161%, mainly as a result of a 73.4% increase in average fuel price during the year plus a 50.2% increase in fuel consumption compared to 2021 attributed to the recovery of passenger operations throughout the year.
Wages and benefits increased by 27.1%, explained by an 8% increase in the average number of employees, driven by the incorporation in areas directly linked with the operations such as crew members and airport staff, in addition to the inflationary pressures in the region.
Other rental and landing fees increased 37.6%, mainly due to the increase in the level of passenger operations.
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Depreciation and amortization slightly increased by 0.9%, as the total operating fleet did not vary significantly between 2022 and 2021.
Aircraft maintenance increased by 9.1% mainly attributed to higher unit costs in maintenance tasks due to global inflationary pressures, plus a catch up on task deferrals associated with the return of aircraft into service after extended downtime and following the increase in projected future operations.
Passenger services increased by 138.2% mainly explained by the increased level of passenger operations in addition to the recovery in international flights, which normally offer more intensive catering and onboard services.
The Aircraft Rentals line includes costs associated with lease payments based on power by the hour (PBH) for contracts that were modified to that structure. The Aircraft Rentals expense line is used to account for the expenses associated with the group’s variable payments related to aircraft with operating leases whose long-term agreements have been signed and approved by the US Court. During 2021, the Company amended its Aircraft Lease Contracts which included lease payment based on Power by the Hour (PBH) at the beginning of the contract that then switches back to fixed-rent payments. A right of use asset and a lease liability was recognized as result of those amendments at the date of modification of the contract, even if they initially had a variable payment period. As a result of the application of the lease accounting policy, the right of use assets continues to be amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease from the contract modification date. The expenses for the year include both: the lease expense for variable payments (Aircraft Rentals) as well as the expenses resulting from the amortization of the right of use assets from the beginning of the contract (included in the Depreciation line) and interest from the lease liability (included in Lease Liabilities). In 2022, aircraft rental expenses totaled US$202.8 million.
As a result of the above, gross margin (defined as revenues minus cost of sales) totaled a gain of US$1,259 million, compared to a loss of US$79.5 million in 2021.
Other Consolidated Results
Other operating income decreased in 2022 by 32.1%, from US$227.3 million in 2021 to US$154.3 million in 2022, mainly due to the cessation of certain compensation payments from Delta Air Lines as agreed upon in the signing of the Joint Venture Agreement in 2019.
Distribution costs increased 46.2%, totaling US$426.6 million, due to an increase in sales commissions plus an increase in fixed costs related with the commercial areas.
Administrative expenses increased 31.2% from US$439.5 million in 2021 to US$576.4 million in 2022, due to the increase in headcount, plus an increase in marketing expenses and administration expenses related to commissions of payment methods. In 2021, LATAM group had an average of 28,429 employees, while in 2022 this was increased to an average of 30,877 employees.
Other expenses decreased slightly by 0.8% from US$535.8 million in 2021 to US$531.6 million.
Gain from Restructuring activities totaled US$1,679.9 million in 2022, in connection with our Chapter 11 proceedings, and included an earnings effect attributable to the exit from Chapter 11, partially offset by costs related with the renegotiation of fleet contracts and legal advice fees. For more information on gain (losses) restructuring expenses, please see Note 2, 24 and 26 of our audited consolidated financial statements.
Financial income increased from US$21.1 million in 2021 to US$1,052.3 million in 2022, mainly explained by gains on the settlement of certain financial claims as well as a reversal of previously recognized accrued interest for financial liabilities that were restructured, both attributable to the exit from Chapter 11. For more information, please see Note 26 of our audited consolidated financial statements.
Financial costs increased by 17.0% to US$942.4 million in 2022 from US$805.5 million in 2021, mainly explained by the DIP financing and DIP-to-Exit financing that were in place until the Company’s emergence from Chapter 11, in addition to a progressive increase throughout the year in base interest rates.
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The foreign exchange gain of US$26.0 million in 2022, compared to a gain of US$131.4 million in 2021, was driven mainly by the appreciation of the Brazilian Real during 2022.
Other gains (losses) registered a loss of US$347.1 million, compared to a gain of US$30.7 million in 2021, principally due to the recognition at net realizable value of A319 family aircraft classified as held for sale during 2022.
The income tax expense for 2022 amounted to US$(8.9) million as compared to an income tax expense of US$(568.9) million in 2021. This difference is mainly explained by a derecognition of deferred tax assets registered in 2021. In 2022, the annual result was mainly attributed to current tax owed by LATAM and certain affiliates of the group. For more information, see Note 17 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Net profit
Net profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 totaled US$1,337.1 million, which compares with a net loss of US$4,653.1 million in 2021. Net profit attributable to the parent company’s shareholders was US$1,339.2 million in 2022. As a result of the Company’s accumulated losses as of the year end, this net profit will not be eligible for a profit distribution through dividends.
U.S. Dollar Presentation and Price-Level Adjustments
General
Foreign currency transactions
(a)
Presentation and functional currencies
The items included in the financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group and each of the subsidiaries are valued using the currency of the main economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The functional currency of LATAM Airlines Group is the United States dollar which is also the presentation currency of the consolidated financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group and Subsidiaries.
(b)
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated to the functional currency using the exchange rates on the transaction dates. Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from the liquidation of these transactions and from the translation at the closing exchange rates of the monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are shown in the consolidated statement of income by function except when deferred in Other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedges.
(c)
Adjustment due to hyperinflation
After July 1, 2018, the Argentine economy was considered, for purposes of IFRS Accounting Standards, hyperinflationary. The financial statements of the subsidiaries whose functional currency is the Argentine Peso have been restated.
The non-monetary items of the statement of financial position as well as the income statement, comprehensive incomes and cash flows of the group’s Argentina entities, whose functional currency corresponds to a hyperinflationary economy, adjusted for inflation and re-expressed in accordance with the variation of the consumer price index (“CPI”), at each presentation date of its financial statements. The re-expression of non-monetary items is made from the date of initial recognition in the statements of financial position and considering that, the financial statements are prepared under the historical cost criterion.
Net losses or gains arising from the re-expression of non-monetary items and income and costs, recognized in the consolidated income statement under “Result of indexation units.”
Net gains and losses on the re-expression of opening balances due to the initial application of IAS 29 are recognized in the consolidated retained earnings.
Re-expression due to hyperinflation will be recorded until the period or exercise in which the economy of the entity ceases to be considered as a hyperinflationary economy, at that time, the adjustments made by hyperinflation will be part of the cost of non-monetary assets and liabilities.
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The comparative amounts in the consolidated financial statements of the Company are presented in a stable currency and are not adjusted for subsequent changes in the price level or exchange rates.
(d)
Group entities
The results and the financial situation of the Group’s entities, whose functional currency is different from the presentation currency of the consolidated financial statements of LATAM, which does not correspond to the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, are converted into the currency of presentation as follows:
(i)
Assets and liabilities of each consolidated statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing exchange rate on the consolidated statement of financial position date;
(ii)
The revenues and expenses of each income statement account are translated at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates, and
(iii)
All the resultant exchange differences by conversion are shown as a separate component in other comprehensive income, within “Gain (losses) on currency translation, before tax.”
For those subsidiaries of the group whose functional currency is different from the presentation currency and, moreover, corresponds to the currency of a hyperinflationary economy; its restated results, cash flow and financial situation are converted to the presentation currency at the closing exchange rate on the date of the consolidated financial statements.
The exchange rates used correspond to those fixed in the country where the subsidiary is located, whose functional currency is different to the U.S. dollar.
Effects of Exchange Rate Fluctuations
Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar for the pricing of our products, composition of our balance sheet and effects on our results of operations. In 2023, approximately 42% of our revenues were in U.S. dollars or in currencies pegged to the U.S. dollar and approximately 70% of our expenses were denominated in dollars or pegged to the U.S. dollar, particularly fuel costs, landing and over-flight fees, aircraft rentals, insurance and aircraft components and supplies.
A substantial majority of our liabilities are denominated in U.S. dollars (70.3% as of December 31, 2023), including bank loans, certain air traffic liabilities, and certain amounts payable to our suppliers. As of December 31, 2023, 73.4% of our assets were denominated in U.S. dollars, principally aircraft, cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other fixed assets. Substantially all of our commitments, including operating lease and purchase commitments for aircraft, are denominated in U.S. dollars.
Balance sheet imbalance denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of each specific entity creates a foreign exchange rate exposure that impacts our foreign exchange losses and gains due to exchange rate fluctuations. We recorded a net foreign exchange gain of US$85.9 million in 2023, compared to a net foreign exchange gain of US$26.0 million in 2022, which are set forth in our consolidated statement of income under “Foreign Exchange gains/(losses)”. For more information, see Notes 2.3 and 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Critical Accounting Policies
The Company has used estimates to value and record some of the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and commitments. Basically, these estimates refer to:
(a)
Impairment of Intangible asset with indefinite useful life.
(b)
Depreciation expense and impairment of Properties, Plant and Equipment.
(c)
Recoverability of deferred tax assets.
(d)
Air tickets sold that will not be finally used.
(e)
Valuation of the LATAM miles and points awarded to the holders of the loyalty programs, pending use.
(f)
Legal Contingencies.
(g)
Leases
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See Note 4 (Accounting estimates and judgments) to our audited consolidated financial statements for a full description of our critical accounting policies.
IFRS Accounting Standars / Non-IFRS Accounting Standars Reconciliation
We use “Cost per ASK” and “Cost per ASK excluding fuel price variations” in analyzing operating expenses on a per unit basis. “ASKs” (available seat kilometers) measures the number of seats of capacity available for the transportation of passengers multiplied by the kilometers flown across our network. To obtain our unit costs, which are used by our management in the analysis of our results, we divide our total Operating Expenses by our total ASKs. The cost component is further adjusted to obtain “costs per ASK excluding fuel price variations,” in order to remove the impact of changes in fuel prices for the year. “Cost per ASK” and “Cost per ASK excluding fuel price variations” do not have a standardized meaning, and as such may not be comparable to similarly titled measures provided by other companies. These metrics should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating expenses or as indicators of performance or cash flows or as a measure of liquidity.
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Cost per ASK | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses (US$ thousands) | 10,619,974 | 9,638,086 | 6,230,623 | ||||||||||||||
| Divided by ASK (million) | 137,250.5 | 113,851.9 | 67,635.7 | ||||||||||||||
| = Cost per ASK (US$ cents) | 7.74 | 8.47 | 9.21 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost per ASK excluding fuel price variations | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses (US$ thousands) | 10,619,974 | 9,638,086 | 6,230,623 | ||||||||||||||
| - Aircraft fuel (US$ thousands) | 3,947,220 | 3,882,505 | 1,487,776 | ||||||||||||||
| Divided by ASK (million) | 137,250.5 | 113,851.9 | 67,635.7 | ||||||||||||||
| = Cost per ASK excluding fuel price variations (US$ cents) | 4.86 | 5.06 | 7.01 | ||||||||||||||
Other Operating Measures
LATAM uses revenues per ASK or ATK, as applicable, in analyzing revenues on a per unit basis. To obtain unit revenues, we divide our passenger revenues by our total ASKs and our cargo revenues by our total ATKs. We use our revenues as defined under IFRS Accounting Standards for purposes of the calculation of this metric. Revenues per ASK or ATK, as the case may be, do not have a standardized meaning, and as such may not be comparable to similarly titled measures provided by other companies. This metric is not an IFRS Accounting Standards measure of performance or liquidity. It should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for revenues or as indicators of performance or cash flows as a measure of liquidity.
The table below shows the calculation of our revenues per ASK or ATK, as applicable, in each of the periods indicated.
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Passenger Revenues (US$ thousands) | 10,215,148 | 7,636,429 | 3,342,381 | ||||||||||||||
| ASK (million) | 137,250.5 | 113,851.9 | 67,635.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Passenger Revenues/ASK (US$ cents) | 7.44 | 6.71 | 4.94 | ||||||||||||||
| Cargo Revenues (US$ thousands) | 1,425,393 | 1,726,092 | 1,541,634 | ||||||||||||||
| ATK (million) | 7,171.0 | 6,255.7 | 4,788.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Cargo Revenues/ATK (US$ cents) | 19.88 | 27.59 | 32.20 | ||||||||||||||
Seasonality
Operating revenues are substantially dependent on overall passenger and cargo traffic volume, which is subject to seasonal and other changes in traffic patterns. Passenger revenues are generally higher in the first and fourth quarters of each year, during the southern hemisphere’s spring and summer. In the Brazilian passenger air transportation market, there is generally higher demand for air transportation services in the second half of the year, making the second quarter the weakest for the Company. However, seasonality is partially mitigated by LATAM’s focus on business passengers (which
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are less sensitive to seasonality). Additionally, the expansion of the LATAM group into other countries and the cargo segment with different seasonal patterns has also moderated the overall seasonality of the passenger business.
Operating Data
The table below presents LATAM’s unaudited operating data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023. LATAM believes this operating data is useful in reporting the operating performance of its business and may be used by certain investors in evaluating companies operating in the global air transportation sector. However, these measures may differ from similarly titled measures reported by other companies, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards. This unaudited operating data is not included in or derived from LATAM’s financial statements.
|
For the year ended and
as of December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Data | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| ASKs (million) | 137,250.5 | 113,851.9 | 67,635.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| RPKs (million) | 114,006.6 | 92,587.8 | 50,316.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| ATKs (million) | 7,171.0 | 6,255.7 | 4,788.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| RTKs (million) | 3,704.0 | 3,532.5 | 3,034.9 | |||||||||||||||||
B.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
LATAM’s cash and cash equivalents amounted to US$1,714.8 million as of December 31, 2023, US$1,216.7 million as of December 31, 2022, and US$1,046.8 million as of December 31, 2021. The company did not have short-term marketable securities as of December 31, 2023, whereas it had US$0.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and US$0.3 million as of December 31, 2021. LATAM’s cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled US$1,714.8 million as of December 31, 2023, US$1,217.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and US$1,047.2 million as of December 31, 2021.
The US$497.8 million increase in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities from 2022 to 2023 can be explained by an increase in the cash flow from operations, which amounted to US$2,263.6 million.
The US$169.8 million increase in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities from 2021 to 2022 can be explained mainly by the successful exit from Chapter 11 with a solid financial position and the recovery in air travel demand after the COVID-19 pandemic, offset by the increase of capital expenditures in the operation given to the recovery of passenger traffic.
Cash position and liquidity
The following table provides a summary of our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and our total cash position as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| (in US$ million) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash flow from operating activities | 2,263.6 | 96.8 | (174.2) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash flow from (used in) investing activities | (659.5) | (749.0) | (552.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash flow from (used in) financing activities | (1,150.2) | 855.0 | 109.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Effects of variation in the exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents | 44.2 | (33.0) | (31.9) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | 1,216.7 | 1,046.8 | 1,695.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year | 1,714.8 | 1,216.7 | 1,046.8 | ||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2023 in addition to cash and cash equivalent, LATAM has US$1,100 million related to two undrawn Revolving Credit Facilities.
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Net cash flows from operating activities
Cash flow from operations derives primarily from providing air passenger and cargo transportation to customers. Operating cash outflows are primarily related to expenses of airline operations, including fuel consumption. Net cash inflows from operating activities in 2023 increased by US$2,166.8 million, from US$96.8 million in 2022 to US$2,263.6 million in 2023, mainly explained by a better operating margin, which was driven by the economic recovery in the domestic and international markets and LATAM’s ongoing cost efficiency initiatives.
Net cash inflows from operating activities in 2022 increased by US$271.0 million, from US$(174.2) million to US$96.8 million, mainly due to an increase in operations (a 68% increase in ASKs operated compared to 2021) thanks to the recovery of the operation and the lifting of the most severe travel restrictions across the region.
Net cash flow used in investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities in 2023 decreased to US$659.5 million from US749.0 million in 2022. The decrease is mainly due to an increase in the interest income explained by higher interest rates, which offset the cash outflow in investment activities during that period.
Net cash used in investing activities in 2022 increased to US$749.0 million from US$552.5 million in 2021. The increase is mainly due to improvements in operations following the recovery of passenger traffic after a significant decrease in the number of travelers due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which implied an increase in investing activities including maintenance activities and purchase of spare components.
Net cash flows used in financing activities
In 2023, net cash in financing activities amounted to US$(1,150.2) million, a decrease of US$2,005.2 million from the US$855.0 million in cash used in financing activities in 2022.
During 2023, the company paid US$342.0 million in loan repayments, a decrease of US$9,425.9 million compared to US$9,767.9 paid in 2022, explained mainly by the emergence from Chapter 11 and certain increased payments related to the debtor-in-possession ("DIP") financing. In 2023, we did not issue new debt, whereas in 2022 we issued US$7,988.4 million principal amount of new debt.
In 2022, net cash in financing activities amounted to US$855.0 million, an increase of US$745.3 million from the US$109.6 million in cash used in financing activities in 2021. The company paid US$9,767.9 million in loan repayments, an increase of US$9,304.8 million explained mainly by the emergence from Chapter 11 and certain increased payments related to the DIP financing. Total debt issuances in 2022 amounted to US$7,988.4 million, an increase of US$7,196.7 million compared to US$791.1 million issued in 2021. In 2022, LATAM acquired equity instruments totaling US$3,751.8 million as part of its successful emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings.
Sources of financing
Fleet Financing
LATAM typically finances the fleet with long-term loans covering between 80% and 100% of the net purchase price. It also finances our aircraft under sale and leaseback arrangements and operational leases in order to add flexibility to the fleet. For more information regarding fleet financing, please refer to the information below and to “—Contractual Obligations—Long Term Indebtedness.”
From time to time in the past, we have considered, and may consider in the future, other forms of financing such as equity or debt, either secured or unsecured, securitization of cargo or ticket receivables or the securitization of fleet and engines.
Revolving Credit Facilities
As of December 31, 2023, the Company has US$ 1,100 million fully committed and available from the undrawn Revolving Credit Facility. The available revolver capacity consists of two lines of credit: one for US$ 600 million and another for US$ 500 million.
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Capital expenditures
Capital expenditures are related to the acquisition of aircraft, maintenance CAPEX, restocking of parts, IT-related CAPEX, fleet projects such as cabin retrofits, cargo freighter conversions, and certain other strategic projects. LATAM’s capital expenditures are recorded in the cash flow statement through the following lines: Purchase of Property, Plant and Equipment, Purchases of Intangible Assets, and partially in Payments to Suppliers for the Supply of Goods and Services (Payments of Leased Maintenance). See “-Sources of financing” above.
|
Capital expenditures,
as of December 31 of each year |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in US$ millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Purchase of Property, Plant and Equipment
|
(795.8) | (780.5) | (597.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of Intangible Assets | (68.1) | (50.1) | (88.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Payments of Leased Maintenance
|
(294.5) | (149.1) | (163.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following chart sets forth LATAM’s estimated capital expenditures for the calendar years 2024 to 2026, which are subject to change and may differ from the actual capital expenditures. Pre-delivery-payments ("PDPs") and Non-fleet CAPEX, as shown in the table below, represent estimated cash out flows for the Company that will be recorded in the Net cash flow from (used in) investing activities under the Property Plant and Equipment and Purchases of Intangible Assets and in the Net cash flow from operating activities in the case of the maintenance related to the operating leases.
|
Estimated capital expenditures by year,
as of December 31, 2023 |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | |||||||||||||||
| (in US$ millions) | |||||||||||||||||
|
PDPs
(1)
|
(91) | (20) | (322) | ||||||||||||||
|
Non-fleet CAPEX
(2)
|
(1,402) | (1,182) | (1,196) | ||||||||||||||
(1)
Represents pre-delivery payments made by LATAM, or inflows received by LATAM after the delivery of the aircraft is made.
(2)
Non-fleet CAPEX includes estimates of capital expenditures on spare engines and parts, maintenance of fleet, projects and others, plus purchases of intangible assets.
Fleet commitments are presented in the table below as the purchase price from manufacturers and the present value of the fleet commitments from lessors to be received under operating lease agreements, as per IFRS 16.
| Estimates by year, as of December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in US$ millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fleet Commitments
(1)
|
(511) | (1,209) | (757) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
______________________________________________________
(1)
The number of aircraft included in Fleet Commitments calculation includes all the committed deliveries (from manufacturers and lessors) with estimates regarding current scheduled delivery dates.
In general, LATAM evaluates financing alternatives to meet its fleet commitments and therefore the amounts presented are not necessarily indicative of a cash outflow and depending on the type of lease agreement (operating or financial lease), the Cash Flow Statement will record fleet delivery differently: for financial leases, cash out will be recorded in the Net cash flow from (used in) investing activities based on the purchase price of the aircraft. However, aircraft arriving under an operating lease do not represent a cash outflow upon their arrival, but rather represent the
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recognition of a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, and therefore, will not be recorded in the Cash Flow Statement as per IFRS Accounting Standards rules.
Long Term Indebtedness
As of December 31, 2023, the average interest rate of our total financial debt was 10.7%. Out of the total financial debt, approximately 50% accrues interest at a fixed rate (through a stated fixed interest rate) or is subject to interest rate caps.
As of December 31, 2023, LATAM had US$4.0 billion in nominal financial debt liabilities. Of this amount, there are no remaining disputed claims.
Secured Debt
Aircraft Debt
1.
ECA/EX-IM: Bank loans bonds guaranteed by Export-Import Bank of the United States (“EX-IM Bank”) and Export Credit Agency (“ECA”) guaranteed loan debt. As of December 31, 2023, the total outstanding amount under these facilities was US$497 million.
2.
Commercial Bank Loans: As of December 31, 2023, secured commercial bank loans debt totaled US$585 million.
3.
Tax Leases: LATAM has secured debt through Tax Structures with a call option. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding obligations under these tax leases were US$188 million.
Non Aircraft Debt
1.
Term Loan B Facility: On October 18, 2022, LATAM Airlines Group, together with Professional Airline Services, Inc., a Florida corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of LATAM, issued a five-year term loan facility of US$ 1,100 million with an interest rate, at LATAM’s election, of either (i) Adjusted Term SOFR plus an applicable margin of 9.5%, or (ii) ABR, plus an applicable margin of 8.5%. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding amount under the Term Loan B Facility was US$ 1,089 million.
2.
Senior Secured Notes: On October 18, 2022, LATAM Airlines Group, together with Professional Airline Services, Inc., a Florida corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of LATAM, issued (i) senior secured notes due 2027 for an aggregate principal amount of US$450 million with a coupon of 13.375% and (ii) senior secured notes due 2029 for and aggregate principal amount of US$ 700 million with a coupon of 13.375%. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding amount under the Senior Secured Notes was US$1,150 million.
3.
Spare Engine Facility: On November 3, 2023, LATAM Airlines Group, acting through its Florida branch, issued a five-year credit facility guaranteed by spare engines for a principal amount of US$275 million. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding amount under the Spare Engine Facility was US$267 million. The Spare Engine Facility matures in November 2027.
4.
Other Guaranteed Obligations: As of December 31, 2023, LATAM's outstanding debt with the EXIM Bank was US$99 million. This debt is derived from the sale of old aircraft, where the sale price was less than the debt outstanding, which left a shortfall financed by EXIM Bank and now guaranteed indirectly by other EXIM aircraft. This facility matures in November 2029.
For a detailed description of the non-aircraft debt, please see Note 31 (Commitments) in our audited consolidated financial statements.
Unsecured Debt
1.
Local Bonds: On September 5, 2022, LATAM Airlines Group registered with the
Comisión para el Mercado Financiero
, the Chilean local regulator, local bonds in the aggregate amount of UF 3,818,042 comprised of the Series F Bonds (BLATM-F), with a maturity in 2042 and a coupon of 2%. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding amount of Local Bonds was US$160 million.
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As of December 31, 2023, we had purchase obligations with Airbus and Boeing totaling US$15.7 billion (according to manufacturer’s list price), with deliveries scheduled between 2024 and 2030, as set forth below:
•
Narrow-body passenger aircraft deliveries (Airbus A320-family): 88 aircraft.
•
Wide-body passenger aircraft deliveries (Boeing 787-9): 5 aircraft.
Leases
2023 Fleet Additions
During 2023, LATAM completed the addition of the following wide-body aircraft:
•
Five Boeing 787-9 through operating leases.
During 2023, LATAM completed the addition of the following narrow-body aircraft:
•
Seven Airbus A321neo through operating leases, eight Airbus A320neo through operating leases and ten Airbus A320 through operating leases.
2022 Fleet Additions
During 2022, LATAM completed the addition of the following wide-body aircraft:
•
Four Boeing 787-9 through operating leases.
During 2022, LATAM completed the addition of the following narrow-body aircraft:
•
Four Airbus A320neo through operating leases and one Airbus A320 through a short term lease.
In connection with our outstanding secured and unsecured debt, we may, at any time and from time to time, seek to retire or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity or debt, in open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will be upon such terms and at such prices as we may determine, and will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.
C.
Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
LATAM
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, European Union, Guatemala, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, South Korea, , Uruguay, the United States, United Kingdom and Venezuela;
LATAM AIRLINES
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, European Union, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Uruguay and Venezuela.
LATAM AIRLINES ARGENTINA
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina;
LATAM AIRLINES COLOMBIA
has been registered and/or renewed in Colombia;
LATAM AIRLINES ECUADOR
has been registered and/or renewed in Ecuador;
LATAM AIRLINES PARAGUAY
has been registered and/or renewed in Paraguay and
LATAM AIRLINES PERU
has been registered and/or renewed in Peru.
LAN
has been registered and/or renewed in Chile, Mexico, United Kingdom and the European Union;
LAN AMERICA
has been registered and/or renewed in Bolivia;
LAN BOLIVIA
has been registered and/or renewed in Bolivia;
LAN CHILE
has been registered and/or renewed in Chile;
LANPERU
has been registered and/or renewed in Costa Rica;
LAN PERU
has been registered and/or renewed in Brazil;
TAM
has been registered and/or renewed in Mexico and Peru;
LANTAM GRUPO LATAM AIRLINES
has been registered and/or renewed in Ecuador.
LATAM CORPORATE
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, European Union, United Kingdom and Uruguay.
LATAM LINEAS AEREAS
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina,
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Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru;
LATAM MRO
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina; Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, European Union, United Kingdom, Uruguay, the United States and Venezuela.
LATAM CARGO
has been registered and/or renewed and/or renewed in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, European Union, United Kingdom, Uruguay, the United States and Venezuela;
LATAM CARGO BRASIL
has been registered and/or renewed in Brazil;
LATAM CARGO COLOMBIA
has been registered and/or renewed in Colombia;
LINEA AEREA CARGUERA DE COLOMBIA
has been registered and/or renewed in Colombia;
LATAM CARGO MEXICO
has been registered and/or renewed in Mexico;
LAN CARGO MEXICO
has been registered and/or renewed in Mexico;
ABSA
has been registered and/or renewed in Chile;
LAN CARGO COLOMBIA
has been registered and/or renewed in Colombia;
LAN ECUADOR
has been registered and/or renewed in United Kingdom and the European Union;
TAM CARGO
been renewed in Brazil;
TAM CARGO CONVENCIONAL
has been registered and/or renewed in Brazil.
LATAM FIDELIDADE
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, Peru, European Union, United Kingdom, Uruguay and the United States;
FIDELIDAD
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina;
FIDELIDADE
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina;
FIDELIDAD TAM
has been registered and/or renewed in Paraguay;
FIDELIDADE TAM
has been registered and/or renewed in Paraguay.
LATAM PASS
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, Peru, European Union, United Kingdom, Uruguay, the United States and Venezuela;
LATAM PASS MILES
has been registered and/or renewed in New Zealand and Australia;
LAN PASS
has been registered and/or renewed in Chile.
LATAM TOURS
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru;
LATAM TRADE
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, European Union, United Kingdom and Uruguay;
LATAM TRAVEL
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, European Union, United Kingdom, Uruguay, the United States and Venezuela;
LATAM TRAVEL SOLUTIONS
has been registered and/or renewed in Panama;
LATAM VIAGENS
has been registered and/or renewed in Brazil;
TAM VIAGENS
been renewed in Brazil.
TAM VACATIONS
been renewed in Argentina and Brazil;
DESTINOS LANTOURS
has been registered and/or renewed in Peru.
LATAM, JUNTOS MÁS LEJOS
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina, Chile, and Ecuador;
LATAM, TOGETHER, FURTHER
has been registered and/or renewed in Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the European Union.
LATAMPLAY
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Ecuador;
LATIN AIRLINE NETWORK
has been registered and/or renewed in Chile;
LIBREVOLADOR
has been registered and/or renewed in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru;
LIBREVOLADORES
has been registered and/or renewed in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru;
LIDERES DEL SERVICIO
has been registered and/or renewed in Argentina.
LATAM AIRLINES, SANS FRONTIÈRES
has been registered and/or renewed in France;
LATAM AIRLINES, GRENZENLOS
has been registered and/or renewed in Germany;
LATAM AIRLINES, SIN FRONTERAS
has been registered and/or renewed in Spain;
LATAM, SIN FRONTERAS
has been registered and/or renewed in Honduras;
LATAM AIRLINES, SENZA FRONTIERE
has been registered and/or renewed in Italy.
LATAM, SOSTENIBILIDAD: UN DESTINO NECESARIO
has been registered and/or renewed in the European Union;
LATAM UN DESTINO NECESARIO
has been registered and/or renewed in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru;
LATAM A NECESSARY DESTINATION
has been registered and/or renewed in United Kingdom;
LATAM DESTINADAS A ESTAR JUNTAS
has been registered and/or renewed in Peru.
LATAM VUELA NEUTRAL
has been registered and/or renewed in Bolivia and Uruguay;
SOSELVA
has been registered and/or renewed in Peru;
POSITIVE FS POSITIVE FLIGHT SPECIFIC
has been registered and/or renewed in Canada.
LATAM RECICLE SUA VIAGEM
has been registered and/or renewed in Brazil;
LATAM RECICLA TU VIAJE
has been registered and/or renewed in Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay.
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LATAM 1+1 COMPENSAR PARA CONSERVAR
has been registered and/or renewed in Chile, Peru and Mexico;
LATAM 1+1 OFFSET TO CONSERVE
has been registered and/or renewed in Australia, United Kingdom and New Zealand.
LATAM SEGUNDO VUELO
has been registered and/or renewed in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, the European Union and Uruguay;
LATAM SECOND FLIGHT
has been registered and/or renewed in Australia, United Kingdom and New Zealand.
LATAM AVIÓN SOLIDARIO
has been registered and/or renewed in Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay;
LATAM AVIÃO SOLIDÁRIO
has been registered and/or renewed in Brazil.
TAM
has filed for trademark registration, registered or renewed the following trademarks in Brazil,
LATAM; LATAM AIRLINES; LATAM AIRLINES BRASIL; LATAM CARGO, LATAM CARGO BRASIL; LATAM FIDELIDADE; LATAM MRO, LATAM PASS; LATAM TRADE; LATAM LINHAS AÉREAS; LATAM TRAVEL; LATAM VIAGENS; LATAM TRADE; LATAMPLAY; MERCADO LATAM; VAMOS LATAM.
AJATO, BUSINESS CLASSIC, BUSINESS PLUS, CLASSIC, FIDELIDADE, FIRST, LAN. LAN CARGO, LAN COLOMBIA, LAN PERU, LAN.COM, LATAM AVIÃO SOLIDÁRIO, LATAM RECICLE SUA VIAGEM, LATAM SEM FRONTEIRAS, LATAM WALLET, MAX, MEGA PROMO, MUSEU TAM, PAIXÃO PELO RIO TAM, PREFERRED PARTNERS LAN, PROMO, RED REPORT, RELAX, TAM, TAM AIRLINES, TAM BUSCA PREÇO, TAM CARGO, TAM CARGO , ONVENCIONAL, TAM CARGO PRÓXIMO DIA, TAM CARGO PRÓXIMO VÔO, TAM ESPAÇO +, TAM ESPAÇO MAIS, , TAM EXPRESS, TAM MILOR, TAM PREMIUM BUSINESS, TAM PREMIUM ECONOMY, TAM SEARCH BY , RICE, TAM TARIFA LIGHT, TAM TARIFA MAX, TAM TARIFA PROMO, TAM TARIFA TOP, TAM VACATIONS, TAM VIAGENS.
D.
Trend Information
For 2024, LATAM expects total passenger ASK growth to be between 12% and 14% versus 2023. International passenger growth for the full year 2024 is expected to be between 16% and 18%. LATAM Airlines Brazil’s domestic passenger ASKs in the Brazilian market are expected to increase between 7% and 9%. LATAM group’s domestic ASKs in Spanish-speaking countries (SSC) are expected to increase by approximately 12% to 14%.
Regarding cargo operations, LATAM expects cargo ATKs to increase between 10% and 12% for full year 2024, driven by the increases in LATAM’s international passenger capacity which result in additional capacity related to the space in the belly of those aircrafts.
LATAM’s goal is to continue to increase the efficiency of its operations with a leaner and more efficient cost structure, allowing LATAM to keep strengthening its network by launching new routes and destinations while keeping a strong focus on profitability and cash generation.
LATAM will continue to use fuel hedging programs and fuel surcharge in our operation to help minimize the impact of short-term movements in crude oil prices. As of December 31, 2023, LATAM had hedged approximately 35%, 32%, 30% and 22% of its estimated fuel consumption for the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 2024 respectively.
E.
Critical Accounting Estimates
For information on the Company’s accounting estimated, see Note 4 of our audited consolidated financial statements below.
ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A.
Directors and Senior Management
The LATAM Airlines Group's board of directors consists of nine directors who are elected every two years for two-year terms at annual regular shareholders’ meetings or, if necessary, at an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, and may be re-elected. Pursuant to LATAM Airlines Group’s by-laws, the current board of directors elected at the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on November 15, 2022, shall remain in office for two years from its election. Upon expiration of such period, the board of directors shall summon a new extraordinary shareholders’ meeting to proceed with the election of the new board of directors. The board of directors elected at such new extraordinary shareholders’
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meeting shall exceptionally remain in office for a period longer than the two-year period established in the by-laws and shall remain in office until the first ordinary shareholders’ meeting held after the second anniversary of its appointment, at which time the board of directors shall be completely renewed in accordance with the applicable legal and regulatory provisions.
The board of directors may appoint replacements to fill any vacancies that occur during periods between elections. Scheduled meetings of the board of directors are held once a month and extraordinary board of directors’ meetings are called by the Chairman of the board of directors. Extraordinary meetings can be called by the Chairman, or when requested by one or more directors if the need for such a meeting is previously approved by the Chairman, unless the meeting is requested by a majority of the directors or the vice-chairman, in which case the meeting must be held without the previous approval of the Chairman.
On April 20, 2023, the ordinary shareholders’ meeting approved the new annual remuneration structure of the Board, for the fiscal year 2023 and until the next ordinary shareholders’ meeting scheduled to take place within the first quarter of 2024. On such meeting, the shareholders agreed on a fixed annual compensation of US$80,000 for each board member (US$160,000 in the case of the chairman). The aforementioned remuneration is payable monthly at the rate of one-twelfth of the amount, regardless of the number of board meetings directors attend, without limit of sessions.
In addition to the base remuneration, an additional remuneration was approved for each Board member within the shareholders’ meeting held on April 20, 2023, to be determined based on the following criteria:
a.
From November 15, 2022 through November 15, 2023, each Board member was entitled to receive an additional remuneration equivalent to 9,226,234 units of remuneration or “URAs”, provided that the director served continuously as a member of the Board until the end of such period.
b.
From November 16, 2023 through November 15, 2024, each Board member will be entitled to receive another additional amount equivalent to 9,226,234 URAs, provided that the director serves continuously as a member of the Board until the end of such period.
c.
Additionally, members of the Board that are also members of the Board of Directors’ Committee and Audit Committee are entitled to certain fixed and variable compensation (see “Board of Directors’ Committee and Audit Committee” below).
If a member of the Board of Directors ceases to be in his/her position after November 15, 2023 but before November 15, 2024 (other than due to a legal inability to perform as a director of the company, or due to a supervening conflict of interest or other cause that doesn’t allow him/her to continue exercising his/her fiduciary duties as a director) such member would be entitled to receive the URAs referred to in letter a. above, as well as to a pro rata portion of the URAs referred to in letter b. above. In the event of a change of control of the Company, the director who maintains his/her status on the date the change of control occurs is entitled to receive the URAs referred to in letters a. and b. above. In the event the composition of the Board of Directors changes, each new director will be entitled to the variable compensation described above on a pro rata basis based on the months in which such director would held office, and each exiting director will be paid such compensation on a pro rata basis for the time that such director held his/her position in the respective period.
Each URA will be measured against the value of a share of LATAM Airlines Group, and will be payable considering the weighted average price of the shares of the Company during the 10 stock-exchange-business-days prior to their respective accrual date (i.e., November 15, 2023, November 15, 2024, or the date in which the member of the Board of Directors’ Committee ceased to be in its position, as applicable). The transactions in the Chilean stock exchanges and non-Chilean stock exchanges will be taken into consideration for purposes of determining such weighted average price (in the latter case, if and when our ADRs are relisted).
The amounts paid during 2023 as variable compensation as per letters (a), (b) and (c) above are:
| US$ | |||||
| URAs Directors | 481,000 | ||||
| URAs Board Committee | 53,000 | ||||
| Total | 534,000 | ||||
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Directors Michael Neruda, Bouk van Geloven, and Bornah Moghbel have waived their compensations as board members, members of the Audit Committee and members of the sub committees.
The following are LATAM Airlines Group’s current directors elected on November 15, 2022:
| Directors | Position | |||||||
|
Ignacio Cueto Plaza
(1)
|
Director / Chairman | |||||||
| Bornah Moghbel | Director / Vice-Chairman | |||||||
|
Enrique Cueto Plaza
(1)
|
Director | |||||||
| Frederico P. Fleury Curado | Independent Director | |||||||
| Antonio Gil Nievas | Director | |||||||
| Michael Neruda | Director | |||||||
| Bouk van Geloven | Director | |||||||
| Sonia J.S. Villalobos | Director | |||||||
| Alexander D. Wilcox | Director | |||||||
| Senior Management | Position | |||||||
| Roberto Alvo | Chief Executive Officer LATAM | |||||||
| Ramiro Alfonsín | Chief Financial Officer LATAM | |||||||
| Emilio del Real | Chief People Officer LATAM | |||||||
| Juan Carlos Menció | Chief Legal Officer | |||||||
| Paulo Miranda | Chief Customer Officer LATAM | |||||||
| Hernán Pasman | Chief Operations Officer LATAM | |||||||
| Juliana Rios | Chief Digital and IT Officer | |||||||
|
Martin St. George
(2)
|
Chief Commercial Officer LATAM | |||||||
| Andrés Bianchi | Chief Cargo Officer LATAM | |||||||
| Juan José Tohá | Director of Corporate Affairs and Sustainability | |||||||
______________________________________________________
(1)
Ignacio and Enrique Cueto are brothers. Both are members of the Cueto Group, which is defined in “Item 7” as a “Major Shareholder.”
(2)
Martin St. George submitted his voluntary resignation effective February 23, 2024.
Biographical Information
Set forth below are brief biographical descriptions of LATAM Airlines Group’s directors and senior management. All of LATAM’s directors are Chilean citizens, with the exception of three members.
Directors
Ignacio Cueto
has served as a member of LATAM Airlines Group’s board of directors and as Chairman since April 2017 and was re-elected to the board of directors of LATAM in April 2019, April 2020 and November 2022. Ignacio Cueto’s career in the airline industry extends over 30 years. In 1985, Ignacio Cueto assumed the position of Vice President of Sales at Fast Air Carrier, a national cargo company of that time. In 1985, Ignacio Cueto became Service Manager and Commercial Manager for the Miami sales office. Ignacio Cueto later served on the board of directors of Ladeco (from 1994 to 1997) and LAN (from 1995 to 1997). Ignacio Cueto served as President of LAN Cargo from 1995 to 1998, as Chief Executive Officer-Passenger Business from 1999 to 2005, and as President and Chief Operating Officer of LAN since 2005 until the merger with TAM in 2012. Ignacio Cueto later served as LAN’s CEO until April 2017. Ignacio Cueto also led the establishment of the different affiliates that the Company has in South America, as well as the implementation of key alliances with other airlines. Ignacio Cueto is a member of the Cueto Group. As of December 31, 2023, Ignacio Cueto shared in the beneficial owner of 30,389,446,225 common shares of LATAM Airlines Group (5.03% of LATAM Airlines Group’s outstanding shares) held by the Cueto Group. For more information, see “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.”
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Bornah Moghbel
has been the Vice-Chairman of the Board at LATAM Airlines Group since November 2022. He is a Co-Founder and Partner of Sixth Street, a leading global investment firm that offers capital solutions to companies across all stages of growth. Based in New York, Bornah Moghbel leads Sixth Street’s corporate investing in public markets as well as its global asset investing business. After co-founding Sixth Street in 2009, Bornah Moghbel established the firm’s presence in Europe before returning to the United States in 2016. Prior to joining Sixth Street, Bornah Moghbel was an investor at Silver Point Capital and he began his career in the Financial Sponsors Group at UBS Investment Bank. He earned a B.A. in Economics, with high honors, and a minor in Business Administration from the University of California, Berkeley.
Enrique Cueto
has served as a member of LATAM Airlines Group’s board of directors since April 2020. Formerly, he held the position of LATAM Airlines Group’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), since the merger between LAN and TAM in June 2012. From 1983 to 1993, Enrique Cueto was Chief Executive Officer of Fast Air, a Chilean Cargo airline. From 1993 to 1994, Enrique Cueto was a member of the board of LAN Airlines. Thereafter, Enrique Cueto held the position of CEO of LAN until June 2012. Enrique Cueto is a member of the Board of the Endeavor foundation, an organization dedicated to the promotion of entrepreneurship in Chile. Enrique Cueto holds a degree in Economic Sciences from the Catholic University of Chile and is the brother of Ignacio Cueto, Chairman of the board. Enrique Cueto is also a member of the Cueto Group. As of December 31, 2023, Enrique Cueto is the beneficial owner of 30,389,446,225 common shares of LATAM Airlines Group (5.03% of LATAM Airlines Group’s outstanding shares) held by the Cueto Group. For more information, see “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.”
Frederico P. Fleury Curado
has been on the Board of LATAM Airlines Group since November 2022, as an independent director. He has also been an independent director of Transocean since 2013, is Chair of its HSE and Sustainability Committee and a member of the Corporate Governance Committee. Frederico Curado is also an independent director at ABB since 2016 and is Chair of its Compensation Committee. He was CEO of Embraer from 2007 to 2016 and CEO of Ultrapar from 2017 to 2021. Frederico Curado holds a B.Sc in Mechanical-Aeronautical Engineering from the Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA) and an Executive MBA from the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Antonio Gil Nievas
joined LATAM Airlines Group’s Board of Directors in November 2022. He is also a board member at Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A., a Chilean and NYSE publicly listed company. Antonio Gil Nievas has over 25 years of experience in strategic, management, financial and investment leadership roles at global, European and Latin American levels. He was CEO of Moneda Asset Management and worked at JP Morgan, serving as Managing Director, Global CFO and member of the global executive committees of several businesses, among other positions. Antonio Gil Nievas holds a MSc. and BSc. in industrial engineering with a major in electronics from ICAI (Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Spain). He obtained his MBA from Harvard Business School and also completed the Stanford Executive Program.
Michael Neruda
has been a member of the Board at LATAM Airlines Group since November 2022. He is a Partner of Sixth Street, a leading global investment firm that offers capital solutions to companies across all stages of growth. Michael Neruda is Head of Restructuring and Distressed Investing and leads Sixth Street’s cross-platform investing in businesses where a combination of public markets expertise and private capital financing may be utilized to improve a company’s balance sheet. Prior to joining Sixth Street in 2015, he was a Director at Watershed Asset Management, where he led that firm’s investments in the consumer and energy sectors. Michael Neruda was previously an investment analyst at MHR Fund Management, Silver Point Capital and Merrill Lynch. He received a B.S. in Management Science and Engineering from Stanford University, and is a CFA Charterholder. Michael Neruda has served as a board member and investor representative on numerous corporate boards including with LATAM Airlines, Neiman Marcus, and Stallion Infrastructure Services, as well as serving on the Board of Governors of the Boys Girls Clubs of San Francisco.
Bouk Van Geloven
joined the Board of LATAM Airlines Group in November 2022. He is the Managing Director of the North American investment team at Strategic Value Partners LLC, which he joined in 2014, with a focus on sectors such as airlines, infrastructure, packaging and industrials. From 2011 to 2014, Bouk Van Geloven was at J.P. Morgan Cazenove in their Strategic MA Advisory team. Bouk Van Geloven has two Master of Science degrees in Econometrics and Quantitative Finance from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. He has served on multiple boards whilst at SVP and he is currently a member of the Boards of Klöckner Pentaplast and Southern Graphics Systems, and is part of the Advisory Committee of Mattress Firm.
Sonia J.S. Villalobos
joined the Board of LATAM Airlines in August 2018. Sonia Villalobos is a Brazilian citizen and a regular member of the board of directors of Petrobras and Telefónica Vivo. She is a founding partner of the company Villalobos Consultoria since 2009 and a professor of post-graduate courses in finance at Insper since 2016. Between 2005 and 2009, she was the Manager of Funds in Latin America, in Chile, managing mutual and institutional funds of Larrain
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Vial AGF. From 1996 to 2002, Sonia Villalobos was responsible for Private Equity investments in Brazil, Argentina and Chile for Bassini, Playfair Associates, LLC. As of 1989 she was Head of Research of Banco de Investimentos Garantia. She graduated in Public Administration from Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo in 1984 and obtained a Master in Finance from the same institution in 2004. She was the first person to receive the CFA certification in Latin America, in 1994.
Alexander Wilcox
has served on LATAM Airlines Group's board of directors since October 2020. Alexander Wilcox resides in the United States and has broad experience in the aviation industry where he has held executive positions in several airlines between 1996 and 2005. Alexander Wilcox is a cofounder and the CEO of JSX, a public charter commuter air carrier in the U.S. Alexander Wilcox holds a BA degree in Political Science and English from the University of Vermont.
Roberto Alvo
has been the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of LATAM since March 31, 2020. Prior to this, he worked as Chief Commercial Officer (“CCO”) of LATAM, in charge of managing the group’s passenger and cargo revenue. Previously, he was Vice-President of International and Alliances at LATAM Airlines, and Vice-President of Strategic Planning and Development. Roberto Alvo joined LAN Airlines in November 2001, where he served as Chief Financial Officer of LAN Argentina, as Manager of Development and Financial Planning at LAN Airlines, and as Deputy Chief Financial Officer of LAN Airlines. Before working for the group, Roberto Alvo held various positions at Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. He is a civil engineer, and holds an MBA from IMD Business School in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ramiro Alfonsín
is LATAM’s Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), a position he has held since July 2016. Formerly, he worked 16 years for Endesa, a leading utilities company, in Spain, Italy and Chile, where he served as Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer for their Latin American operations. Before joining the utilities sector, he worked for five years in Corporate and Investment Banking for several European banks. Ramiro Alfonsin holds a degree in Business Administration from Pontificia Catholic University of Argentina.
Emilio del Real
is the LATAM Chief People Officer, a position he took over in August 2005. Between 2003 and 2005, he was Human Resources Manager at DS, a Chilean retail company. Between 1997 and 2003, he served in various positions at Unilever, including Human Resources Manager of Unilever Chile, and Manager of Training and Recruitment and Management Development for Latin America. Emilio del Real has a degree in Psychology from the Gabriela Mistral University.
Juan Carlos Menció
has been the Chief Legal Officer at LATAM Airlines Group since September 1, 2014. Previously, he held the position of General Counsel for North America for LATAM Airlines Group and its affiliates, as well as General Counsel for its worldwide Cargo Operations, both since 1998. Prior to joining LATAM, he was in private practice in New York and Florida, representing various international airlines. Juan Carlos Menció obtained his Bachelor’s Degree in International Finance and Marketing from the School of Business at the University of Miami and his Juris Doctor Degree from Loyola University.
Paulo Miranda
has been LATAM’s Chief Customer Officer since May 2019. Miranda has over 20 years of experience in the aviation industry, having held different positions, first at Delta Air Lines in the United States, and then at Gol Linhas Aéreas in Brazil. In his last role, Paulo Miranda was responsible for the Client Experience department, having previously worked in finance and alliances, as well as in the negotiation and implementation of joint ventures. Paulo Miranda holds a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, USA.
Hernán Pasman
has been the Chief Operations Officer of LATAM Airlines Group since October 2015. He joined LAN Airlines in 2005 as a head of strategic planning and financial analysis of the technical areas. Between 2007 and 2010, Hernán Pasman was the Chief operating officer of LAN Argentina, then, in 2011 he served as Chief Executive Officer for LAN Colombia. Prior to joining the company, between 2001 and 2005, Hernán Pasman was a consultant at McKinsey Company in Chicago. Between 1995 and 2001, Hernan held positions at Citicorp Equity Investments, Telefonica de Argentina and Argentina Motorola. Hernán Pasman holds a Civil Engineering degree from Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires and an MBA from Kellogg Graduate School of Management (2001).
Juliana Rios
been the Chief Digital and IT Officer of LATAM Airlines since January 2021. Juliana Rios
has over 20 years of experience in services and technology in the financial and airline industries. Her career spans business transformation, mergers acquisitions, digitization, IT, and large-scale project management, such as PSS migration. As Chief IT Digital Officer, she leads LATAM Airlines’ digital transformation efforts. Prior to joining LATAM, Juliana Rios was a senior executive at Banco Santander, Brazil, spearheading the retail business and customer experience strategy.
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She headed integration programs in Brazil, Italy and the Netherlands. Juliana Rios holds a Bachelor degree in Business Administration and an MBA in Corporate Management from IBMEC, Brazil.
Martin St. George
joined LATAM Airlines Group in 2020 as Chief Commercial Officer after a 30+ year career in the airline industry in both North America and Europe. Prior to joining LATAM, he ran a strategy-consulting firm for airlines and travel industry clients in the United States, the Caribbean and Europe, and served as acting CCO at Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA. From 2006 to 2019, he worked for JetBlue Airways in several positions in marketing and as COO. Martin St. George holds a degree in civil engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Juan José Tohá
is a journalist with a specialty in Sustainability from Oxford University, as well as a Master’s and PhD in Communication from the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Juan José Tohá has vast experience in the design and implementation of communication strategies and the interaction of organizations with their environment. Juan José Tohá has served in FAO’s Latin America and Caribbean regional office in Santiago, Chile, and as Communications Manager for Codelco and BHP South America, among others. In 2019, he joined LATAM group as Director of Corporate Affairs and Sustainability, reporting directly to the CEO of LATAM group, and he coordinates the corporate strategy of Public Affairs, External Communications, and Sustainability.
Andrés Bianchi
has been L
ATAM Cargo’s Chief Executive Officer since 2017. In this role he manages and coordinates the air freight activities of the Group’s affiliates. Andrés Bianchi joined LATAM Cargo in 2010 and has held various leadership roles prior to his current position, including VP Commercial North America, Europe Asia, VP Cargo Network and VP of Finance. Prior to joining LATAM Cargo, he worked as a consultant at McKinsey and Company. Additionally, from 2002 to 2006 he served as LAN Airlines’ Head of Investor Relations. Andrés Bianchi holds a Business Administration degree from Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and an MBA from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
B.
Compensation
For information on executive compensation, see “—Employees” below.
C.
Board Practices
Our board of directors has nine members. The terms of each of our current directors will expire in 2 years from November 15, 2022, unless previously renewed in accordance to applicable law. See “—Directors and Senior Management” above.
Committees
Board of Directors’ Committee and Audit Committee
Pursuant to the
Ley sobre Sociedades Anónimas No. 18,046
(“Chilean Corporation Act”) and the
Reglamento de Sociedades Anónimas
(the “Regulation to the Chilean Corporate Law”, and together with the Chilean Corporation Act, the “Chilean Corporate Law”), LATAM Airlines Group must have a board of directors’ committee composed of no less than three board members. LATAM Airlines Group has established a three-person Board of Directors’ Committee, which, among other duties, is responsible for:
•
examining the reports of LATAM’s external auditors, the balance sheets and other financial statements submitted by LATAM’s administrators to the shareholders, and issuing an opinion with respect thereto prior to their presentation to the shareholders for their approval;
•
evaluating and proposing external auditors and rating agencies;
•
proposing a general policy for managing conflicts of interest and pronouncing on the company’s general policies;
•
reviewing internal control reports pertaining to related-party transactions;
•
examining and reporting on all related-party transactions; and
•
reviewing the salary scale of LATAM’s senior management.
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Under Chilean Corporate Law we are required, to the extent possible, to appoint a majority of independent board members to the board of directors committee. Pursuant to the Chilean Corporation Act, no person shall be considered independent who, at any time during the previous eighteen months: (1) maintained any relationship, interest or economic, professional, credit or commercial dependence, of a nature and relevant volume, with the company, other companies of the financial conglomerate to which the company belongs, its controller, or principal executive officer of any one of them, or was a director, manager, administrator, principal executive officer or advisor of such companies; (2) was a close relative (i.e., parents, father/mother in law, siblings, sisters/brothers in law), to any one of the persons referred to in 1 above; (3) was a director, manager, administrator or principal executive officer of non-profit organizations that received contributions or large donations from any individual referred to in clause 1 above; (4) was a partner or shareholder that possessed or controlled, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the company’s capital; a director; manager; administrator or principal executive officer of entities who had provided consulting or legal services, for relevant amounts, or of external audit, to the persons referred to in 1 above; or (5) was a partner or shareholder who possessed or controlled, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the company’s capital; a director; manager; administrator or principal executive officer of principal competitors, suppliers or clients of the company. Should there be more than three directors entitled to participate in the directors committee, the board of directors shall elect the members of the directors committee by unanimous vote.
Should the board of directors fail to reach an agreement, preference to be appointed to the committee shall be given to directors elected with the highest percentage of votes cast by shareholders that individually control or possess less than 10% of the company’s shares. If there is only one independent director, such director shall appoint the other members of the committee among non-independent directors. Such directors shall be entitled to exercise full powers as members of the committee. The Chairman of the Board of directors shall not be entitled to be appointed as a member of the committee nor any of its subcommittees, unless he is an independent director.
To be elected as independent director, the candidates must be proposed by shareholders that represent 1% or more of the shares of the company, at least 10 days prior to the date of the shareholders’ meeting called to that end. The candidate who obtains the highest number of votes shall be elected as independent director.
Pursuant to U.S. regulations, we are required to have an audit committee of at least three board members, which complies with the independence requirements set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Given the similarity in the functions that must be performed by our board of directors’ committee and the audit committee, our Board of Directors’ Committee serves as our Audit Committee for purposes of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.
As of December 31, 2023, all of the members of our Board of Directors’ Committee, which also serves as our Audit Committee, were independent under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. As of December 31, 2023, the committee members were Frederico P. Fleury Curado, Michael Neruda and Sonia J.S. Villalobos. We pay each member of the committee (other than to its Chairman) a fixed annual compensation of US$50,000. In turn, we pay to the Chairman of the Board of Directors’ Committee a fixed annual compensation of US$85,417. In each case, such compensation is payable monthly, regardless of the number of board meetings they attend, without limit of sessions.
Additionally, each member of the Board of Directors’ Committee, in his/her capacity as such, is entitled to a variable compensation of (i) 3,075,411 URAs for the period between November 15, 2022 and November 15, 2023; and (ii) 3,075,411 URAs for the period between November 16, 2023 and November 15, 2024; in each case, provided the committee member remains in its position during such period.
If a member of the Board of Directors’ Committee ceases to be in his/her position after November 15, 2023 but before November 15, 2024 (other than due to a legal inability to perform as a director of the company, or due to a supervening conflict of interest or other cause that doesn’t allow him/her to continue exercising his/her fiduciary duties as a director) such member would be entitled to receive the URAs referred to in clause (i) above, as well as to a pro rata portion of the URAs referred to in clause (ii) above. In the event of a change of control of the Company, the director who maintains his/her status as member of the Board of Directors’ Committee on the date the change of control occurs is entitled to receive the URAs referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above. In the event the composition of the Board of Directors’ Committee changes, each new member will be entitled to the variable compensation described above on a pro rata basis based on the months in which such member would held office, and each exiting member will be paid such compensation on a pro rata basis for the time that such director held his/her position in the respective period.
LATAM Board Subcommittees
LATAM’s board of directors has also established four subcommittees to review, discuss and make recommendations to our board of directors. These include a Strategy Sustainability Committee, a Leadership Committee, a Finance Committee and a Customers and Businesses Committee. The Strategy Sustainability Committee focuses on
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the corporate strategy, current strategic issues and the three-year plans and budgets for the main business units and functional areas and high-level competitive strategy reviews. The Leadership Committee focuses on, among other things, group culture, high-level organizational structure, appointment of the LATAM CEO and his or her other reports, corporate compensation philosophy, compensation structures and levels for the LATAM CEO and other key executives, succession or contingency planning for the LATAM CEO and performance assessment of the LATAM CEO. The Finance Committee is responsible for financial policies and strategy, capital structure, monitoring policy compliance, taxation strategy and the quality and reliability of financial information. Finally, the Customers and Businesses Committee is responsible for setting the competitive strategies of the Customers and Commercial Vice Presidencies with a focus on sales, marketing, network and fleet initiatives, customer experience and revenue management. We pay each member of such subcommittees a fixed annual compensation of US$20,000 for each of the subcommittees of which the Director is a member, capped at US$40,000 per year for all the subcommittees of which the Director may be a member. Additionally, the Chairman of each committee is entitled to an additional fixed annual compensation of US$14,167, capped at US$28,334. These annual compensations are paid monthly at the rate of one-twelfth of the corresponding amount, regardless of the number of subcommittee sessions they attend to, without limit of sessions.
Corporate Governance Practices
The company follows strict procedures in order to comply with current legislation in the United States and in Chile on corporate governance. In this context, the Company has published a Manual for Corporate Practices which can be found on the LATAM investor relations website and incorporates the applicable legislation in its policies and decisions. Information obtained on, or accessible through, this website is not incorporated by reference herein and shall not be considered part of this annual report.
D.
Employees
The following table sets forth the number of employees in various positions at the Company.
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Employees ending the period | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Administrative | 5,149 | 4,628 | 4,372 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales | 794 | 815 | 891 | |||||||||||||||||
| Maintenance | 5,459 | 5,083 | 4,541 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operations | 11,402 | 10,904 | 9,352 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cabin crew | 8,688 | 7,423 | 6,708 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cockpit crew | 4,076 | 3,654 | 3,250 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 35,568 | 32,507 | 29,114 | |||||||||||||||||
(1)
As of December 31, 2023, approximately 52,5% of our employees worked in Brazil, 24,5% in Chile, 9,4% in Peru, 0,6% in Argentina, 6,4% in Colombia, 1,4% in Ecuador and 5,2% in the rest of the world.
Our salary structure is comprised of: (a) fixed payments (base salary and other fixed payments such as legal gratifications, local bonus, company seniority and others, depending on each country’s law and market practice); (b) short term incentives (associated with corporate, area and individual performance), applicable to our ground staff; (c) long term incentives (applicable to our senior executives (Directors and above).
According to the local law requirements, we make pension and social security contributions on behalf of our employees. Additionally, for our air staff and specialized professionals such as mechanics, we have fixed and variable payments, subject to the local collective agreements.
Regarding benefits, we usually provide life insurance and medical insurance, complementary to the coverage provided by the legal system. We also grant other benefits, according to local market practice (meal, transportation, maternal and paternal leave, etc.). In addition, we have a global staff travel program, which grants free and discounted tickets to our permanent employees.
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Long Term Incentive Compensation Program
(a)
LP3 compensation plans (2020-2023)
The Company implemented a program for a group of executives, which existed until March 2023, and granted a benefit to executives which was vested provided a specific price (defined each year) of LATAM’s shares was met. However, benefits were never awarded to executives under this Compensation Plan because the share price required for the benefit to vest was below the initial target.
(b) CIP (Corporate Incentive Plan)
With the aim of incentivizing the retention of talent among the executives of the Company and in response to the exit of the Chapter 11 Procedure, our Board of Directors approved on April 25, 2023, to extend the grant of an extraordinary and exceptional incentive called Corporate Incentive Plan (“CIP”). The CIP contemplates incentives divided in three categories tailored to three different groups or categories of employees, depending on whether employees were hired by the Company directly or by other companies of the LATAM Airlines Group. These categories are as follows: Non-Executive Employees; Executives Not part of the Global Executive Meeting o “GEM”; and GEM Executives. Employees in each of these groups are only eligible for the CIP that corresponds to their respective category. The terms of each of these CIP categories were communicated to the respective employees between the months of January to December 2023. In all cases, the respective employees must have remained as such in the Company at the corresponding accrual date to qualify for these benefits.
During 2023, the amount accrued related to the CIP was US$66.8 million, which is recorded in the "Administrative expenses" line of the Interim Consolidated Statement of Income by Function. As of December 31, 2023, the amount of the CIP recorded in the consolidated statement of financial position is US$118.9 million.
For a detailed description, please see Note 22 (Employee Benefits) in our audited consolidated financial statements.
Compensation Recovery Policy
In October 2022, the SEC adopted rules, pursuant to Section 10D-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requiring national securities exchanges and national securities associations, such as NYSE, to request listed companies to adopt a written compensation recovery (clawback) policy providing for the recovery, in the event of a required accounting restatement, of incentive-based compensation received by the Chief Executive Officer and certain other “executive officers” as defined in Rule 10D-1(d) under the Exchange Act. The amendment to NYSE’s listing rules became effective on October 2, 2023, and issuers listed on NYSE were required to adopt SEC-compliant clawback policies by December 1, 2023. Because we are currently delisted from NYSE, LATAM Airlines is not subject to this requirement. However, in anticipation of a potential relisting in the future, on December 14, 2023, our Board of Directors adopted LATAM Airlines’ compensation recovery policy, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 97 to this annual report.
Labor Relations
LATAM has intensified its efforts to ensure that labor relations between the group, its employees and their legal representatives are carried out through dialogue and result in agreements that benefit both parties, while maintaining sound criteria for the operation, efficiency, sustainability and care for people. During 2023, the company renegotiated certain of its collective agreements in order to meet this criterion, and agreed to amend some of them to adapt them to new operational conditions and costs. The company continues to constantly evaluate possible labor conflicts and prepare respective contingency plans.
Below are the main milestones of our relationship with LATAM unions:
Chile
In 2023, 6 collective bargaining processes were carried out with unions, all of which were initiated voluntarily. The aforementioned collective bargaining processes involved: 3 collective bargaining processes with the Cabin Crew, 1 with the Pilot Union and 2 with the Administrative Unions, having a total of 1,603 employees involved in such negotiations. Of the 6 collective bargaining processes carried out, all were concluded within the ordinary term for such
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processes and approved by a large majority of their respective assemblies, which limit the possibility of contingencies for the operation.
Ecuador
In July 2019, the Company renewed its voluntary agreement with the pilot’s association in Ecuador, valid until July 2023. Then, this agreement was modified on June 26, 2020, with its term being extended until December 31, 2023.
Colombia
During 2023, we initiated 3 voluntary negotiations with the following unions: the Industrial Union of Aviation Workers (SINTRATAC), the Technicians Union (ACMA) and the Cabin Crew Union (ACAV), reaching successful agreements which will be in effect until December 2025. These agreements provided for additional well-being and improved economic conditions for our cabin crew, maintenance personnel and airport personnel.
The collective agreement reached in 2022 with the Pilots’ LATAM Colombia Union (ADALAC) remained in effect throughout 2023, and will be in effect until December 2024. Similarly, individual agreements signed in 2021 with the Command Crew, framed within post-pandemic savings initiatives, remained in effect until December 2023.
On February 8, 2023, the Arbitration Tribunal of Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A and the pilot's union (ACDAC) rendered an award resolving all of the outstanding negotiation points that were pending to be resolved between LATAM and the ACDAC since 2019, thereby settling the dispute. However, on June 13, 2023, the ACDAC re-opened negotiations and presented a new list of demands to LATAM related to the well-being, economic and operational aspects for ACDAC members. Negotiations concluded in October 2023 and the parties did not reach an agreement. Consequently, the dispute is expected to be resolved by an Arbitration Tribunal.
Peru
In Peru, there are seven unions that represent workers from different functional areas: pilots, cabin crew, aircraft technicians, flight dispatchers and airport workers. Our current collective agreements were signed for a duration of four years.
During 2023, LATAM Airlines Peru concluded successfully 5 collective bargaining processes with the following unions: 2 collective bargaining processes with the aircraft technicians, 1 collective bargaining process with the airport workers, 1 collective bargaining process with the flight dispatchers and 1 collective bargaining process with the pilots.
Brazil
Under Brazilian law, the term of collective bargaining agreements is limited to two years. LATAM Airlines Brazil’s collective bargaining agreements are valid for one year. LATAM Airlines Brazil has historically negotiated collective bargaining agreements with eleven unions in Brazil- one crew flight union, which represents pilots, copilots and flight attendants, and ten ground staff unions. In December 2023, LATAM Airlines Brazil successfully renegotiated collective bargaining agreements with all unions.
E.
Share Ownership
As of December 31, 2023, the members of our board of directors and our executive officers as a group owned 5.03% of our shares. None of our directors or executive officers has voting rights that are different from any of our other shareholders. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.”
For a description of stock options granted to our executive officers, see “—D. Employees—Long Term Incentive Compensation Program.”
F.
Disclosure of a registrant’s action to recover erroneously awarded compensation
Not applicable.
ITEM 7 MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
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A.
Major Shareholders
As of December 31, 2023, Sixth Street Partners Management Company beneficially owned 27.91% of our common shares; Strategic Value Partners beneficially owned 16.02% of our common shares, Delta Air Lines owned 10.05% of our common shares; Qatar Airways Investments (UK) Ltd. owned 10.03% of our common shares and Cueto Group owned 5.03% of our common shares. This information and the information in the table below is based upon information from Schedules 13D and 13G filed with the SEC.
Ignacio Cueto (Chairman of the Board of LATAM), Enrique Cueto (LATAM board member) and certain other Cueto family members and entities controlled by them, comprise the Cueto Group. As of December 31, 2023, the Cueto Group beneficially owned (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act) 5.03% of LATAM Airlines Group’s common shares. Pursuant to a shareholders’ agreement entered into by the Backstop Creditors and the Backstop Shareholders in connection with LATAM’s emergence from bankruptcy proceedings, Delta Air Lines, Inc., Qatar Airways Investments (UK) Ltd. and the Cueto Group are entitled to elect four of the nine members of our board of directors. See “-Shareholders’ Agreements.”
The table below sets forth additional information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common shares, as of December 31, 2023, by our major shareholders or shareholder groups, and minority shareholders.
|
Beneficial ownership
(as of December 31, 2023) |
|||||||||||
|
Number of shares of common
stock beneficially owned |
Percentage of common stock
beneficially owned |
||||||||||
| Shareholder | |||||||||||
| Sixth Street Partners Management Company | 168,669,825,995 | 27.91 | % | ||||||||
| Strategic Value Partners | 96,815,692,279 | 16.02 | % | ||||||||
| Delta Air Lines, Inc. | 60,722,284,826 | 10.05 | % | ||||||||
| Qatar Airways Investments (UK) LTD | 60,640,769,249 | 10.03 | % | ||||||||
| Cueto Group | 30,389,446,225 | 5.03 | % | ||||||||
| Others | 187,199,859,013 | 30.97 | % | ||||||||
| Total | 604,437,877,587 | 100.00 | % | ||||||||
As of December 31, 2023, other minority investors held 30.97% of our stock, with 0.01% of our capital stock held in the form of ADSs. It is not practicable for us to determine the number of ADSs or common shares beneficially owned in the United States. As of December 31, 2023, we had 2,100 record holders of our common shares. It is not practicable for us to determine the portion of shares held in Chile or the number of record holders in Chile. All of our shareholders have identical voting rights.
In the past three years, the only significant changes in the percentage of ownership held by any of LATAM’s current major shareholders (with more than 5% stake) have been represented by (i) a decrease in the Cueto group's ownership from 16.39% as of February 28, 2022 to 5.03% as of December 31, 2023, (ii) a decrease in Delta Airlines’ ownership from 20.00% as of February 28, 2022 to 10.05% as of December 31, 2023, and (iii) a decrease in Sculptor Capital's ownership from 6.52% as of January 31, 2023 to 2.48% as of December 31, 2023.
Shareholders’ Agreements
On or around the date of LATAM’s emergence from bankruptcy proceedings (the “Effective Date”) in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Chapter 11 plan confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on June 18, 2022, the Backstop Creditors and the Backstop Shareholders entered into a Shareholders’ Agreement (the “Shareholders’ Agreement”) that provides, among other things, that: (A) for a two year term following the Effective Date, the parties to the Shareholders’ Agreement shall vote their shares so that the LATAM Airlines Group Board of Directors will comprise, both initially and in the filling of any vacancies thereon, nine directors, who in accordance with Chilean law, shall be appointed as follows:
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(i) five directors, including the vice-chair of the LATAM Airlines Group Board of Directors, nominated by the Backstop Creditors; and (ii) four directors, including the chair of the LATAM Airlines Group Board of Directors (who shall be a Chilean national), nominated by the Backstop Shareholders; and (B) for the first five years after the Effective Date, in the event of a wind-down liquidation or dissolution of LATAM Airlines Group, recoveries on the shares delivered in exchange for the New Convertible Notes Class B to the extent the conversion option thereunder is exercised, shall be subordinated to any right of recovery for any shares delivered or to be delivered upon conversion of the New Convertible Notes Class A or New Convertible Notes Class C, in each case held by the Backstop Creditors on the Effective Date.
Composition of the LATAM Airlines Group Board
On November 15, 2022, Ignacio Cueto Plaza was elected as President of the Board.
On November 15, 2022 the board of directors of LATAM Airlines Group was renewed, with Ignacio Cueto Plaza, Bornah Moghbel, Enrique Cueto Plaza, Frederico P. Fleury Curado, Antonio Gil Nievas, Michael Neruda, Bouk Van Geloven, Sonia J.S. Villalobos, and Alexander Wilcox elected.
Management of the LATAM Airlines Group
The CEO of LATAM Airlines Group is the highest ranked officer of LATAM and reports directly to the LATAM Airlines Group's board of directors. The CEO LATAM is tasked with the general supervision, direction and control of the business of LATAM. In the case of a departure of the current CEO LATAM, our board of directors will select the successor after receiving the recommendation of the Leadership Committee.
The head office of LATAM continues to be located in Santiago, Chile.
Voting Agreements, Transfers and Other Arrangements
Voting Agreements
The parties to the Holdco I shareholder’s agreement and TAM shareholders agreement have agreed to vote their voting shares of Holdco I and shares of TAM so as to give effect to the agreements with respect to representation on the TAM board of directors discussed above.
Transfer Restrictions
As provided in the aforementioned shareholders’ agreements, TEP Chile S.A. (“TEP Chile”) may sell all voting shares of Holdco I beneficially owned by it as a block, subject to satisfaction of the block sale provisions, if a release event (as described below) occurs. A “release event” will occur if (i) a capital increase of LATAM Airlines Group occurs, (ii) TEP Chile does not fully exercise the preemptive rights granted to it under applicable law in Chile with respect to such capital increase in respect of all of its restricted LATAM Airlines Group common shares, and (iii) after such capital increase is completed, the individual designated by TEP Chile for election to the board of directors of LATAM Airlines Group with the assistance of the Cueto Group is not elected to the board of directors of LATAM Airlines Group. As a result of the implementation of the restructuring set forth in our Plan of Reorganization, a “release event” occurred. However, no sale of the voting shares of Holdco I beneficially owned by TEP Chile has been implemented.
Restriction on transfer of TAM shares
LATAM agreed in the Holdco I shareholders’ agreement not to sell or transfer any shares of TAM stock to any person (other than our affiliates) at any time when TEP Chile owns any voting shares of Holdco I. However, LATAM will have the right to effect such a sale or transfer if, at the same time as such sale or transfer, LATAM (or its assignee) acquires all the voting shares of Holdco I beneficially owned by TEP Chile for an amount equal to TEP Chile’s then current tax basis in such shares and any costs TEP Chile is required to incur to effect such sale or transfer. TEP Chile has irrevocably granted us the assignable right to purchase all of the voting shares of Holdco I beneficially owned by TEP Chile in connection with any such sale.
Conversion Option
Pursuant to the Holdco I shareholders’ agreement, we have the unilateral right to convert our shares of non-voting stock of Holdco I into shares of voting stock of Holdco I to the maximum extent allowed under law and to increase our representation on the TAM and Holdco I boards of directors if and when permitted in accordance with foreign ownership control laws in Brazil and other applicable laws if the conversion would not have an adverse effect (as defined above under
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the “-Transfer Restrictions” section). In February 2019, we completed the procedures for the exchange of shares of Holdco I S.A., through which LATAM Airlines Group SA increased its indirect participation in TAM S.A., from 48.99% to 51.04%. This transaction was undertaken pursuant to the Provisional Measure No. 863/2018 issued by CADE on December 13, 2018, through which the participation of up to 100% of foreign capital in airlines in Brazil is permitted.
If we can purchase and/or convert our shares and we do not timely exercise our right to do so, then the controlling shareholders of TAM will have the right to put their shares of voting stock of Holdco I to us for an amount equal to the sale consideration.
Acquisitions of TAM Stock
The parties have agreed that all acquisitions of TAM common shares by LATAM Airlines Group, Holdco I, TAM or any of their respective subsidiaries from and after the effective time of the merger will be made by Holdco I.
B.
Related Party Transactions
General
We have engaged in a variety of transactions with our affiliates, including entities owned or controlled by certain of our major shareholders. In the ordinary course of business, we render to and receive from related companies’ services of various types, including aircraft leases, aircraft interchanges, freight transportation and reservation services. Such transactions, none of which is individually material, are summarized in Note 32 to our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
On August 2, 2016, the board of directors approved the Policy on Control of Related-Party Transactions of LATAM Airlines Group and its subsidiaries, which provides that:
•
Related-party means, among others, subsidiaries, affiliates, natural persons or legal entities with control of 10% or more of LATAM’s voting stock, vice presidents, directors or senior executives as well as their respective spouses, relatives, and companies in which said persons are either direct or indirect owners of 10% or more of LATAM’s voting stock, or in which they have held a position over the last 18 months.
•
Related-Party Transactions can only be executed if said transactions are in LATAM’s interest and adjust to price, terms and conditions prevalent in the market for similar transactions with other third parties at the time of its approval.
Any and all negotiations, acts, contracts or operations between LATAM Airlines Group and a LATAM related-party or among 2 or more LATAM related-parties will be subject to the Policy.
On January 8, 2024, the CMF published General Rule 501, which establishes the minimum conditions that must be met by the policies typically adopted by boards of directors of stock corporations to facilitate the approval of transactions with related parties,. The rule will become effective in September 2024 and LATAM is already working on the corresponding updates.
C.
Interests of experts and counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8 FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A.
Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information
See “Item 18. Financial Statements” and pages F-1 through F-156.
Legal and Arbitration Proceedings
We are involved in routine litigation and other proceedings relating to the ordinary course of business. The following is a description of all the material legal and arbitration proceedings.
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International Cargo Airlines Investigations
In February 2006 the European Commission (“EC”), the Department of Justice of the United States (“DOJ”), the Canadian Competition Bureau (“CCB”), and the Brazilian Administrative Counsel for Economic Defense (“Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica” or “CADE”), among others, initiated a global investigation of a large number of international cargo airlines (among them LAN Cargo) for possible price fixing of cargo fuel surcharges and other fees in the European and United States air cargo markets. As previously announced, LAN Cargo reached plea agreements with the DOJ and the CCB, which included the payment of fines, in relation to such investigation.
On November 9, 2010, the EC imposed fines on 11 air carriers for a total amount of Th€799,400 (equivalent to approximately ThUS$1,100,000). The fine imposed against LAN Cargo and its parent company, LATAM Airlines Group, totaled Th€8,220 (equivalent to approximately ThUS$9,133). LATAM Airlines Group provisioned ThUS$25,000 during the fourth quarter of 2007 for such fines, and maintained this provision until the fine was imposed in 2010. In 2010, LATAM Airlines Group recorded a ThUS$14,100 gain (pre-tax) from the reversal of a portion of this provision. This was the lowest fine applied by the EC, which includes a significant reduction due to LATAM Airlines Group’s cooperation with the Commission during the course of the investigation. In accordance with European Union law, on January 24, 2011 this administrative decision was appealed by LAN Cargo and LATAM Airlines Group to the General Court in Luxembourg. Any judgment by the General Court may also be appealed to the Court of Justice of the European Union. The European Court of Justice overturned the Commission’s decision on December 16, 2015. On May 20, 2016, the EC confirmed that they had decided not to appeal the case and to issue a new decision with the aim of correcting the faults identified in the judgment by the European Court of Justice.
On March 17, 2017, the EC re-adopted its decision and imposed on LAN Cargo and its parent company, LATAM Airlines Group, a fine in the same amount, Th€8,200, as the original fine. On May 31, 2017 LAN Cargo and LATAM Airlines Group requested the annulment of this EC decision to the General Court of the European Union. In December 2017 LAN Cargo and LATAM Airlines Group presented their arguments for this annulment and in July 2019 LAN CARGO and LATAM participated in a hearing in the Court of Justice of the European Union in which we confirmed our request for annulment of the decision or instead a reduction of the amount of the fine. On March 30, 2022, the European Court issued its ruling and reduced the amount of our fine from ThUS$9,133 (Th€8,220) to ThUS$2,477 (Th€2,240). This ruling was appealed by LAN Cargo, S.A. and LATAM Airlines Group on June 9, 2022. All the other eleven airlines also appealed the ruling affecting them. The European Commission responded to our appeal on September 7, 2022. LAN Cargo, S.A. and LATAM Airlines Group responded to the Commission’s arguments on November 11, 2022. On December 17, 2020, the European Commission submitted proof of claim for the total amount of the fine ThUS$9,133 million or Th€8,220 to the Bankruptcy Court. The amount of this claim has been modified to ThUS$2,477.
In January 2023, the European Commission replied to our defense, and on February 13, 2023, LAN Cargo, S.A. and
LATAM Airlines Group
requested the European Court to hold a hearing. The European Court set the hearing date as April 10, 2024.
Civil actions have also been initiated against many airlines, including LAN Cargo and LATAM Airlines Group, in various European countries (Great Britain, Norway, Holland and Germany). The two only judicial processes still pending in Norway and the Netherlands are in the evidentiary stages. There has been no activity in the Norway proceeding since January 2014.
In the Netherlands proceeding, most of the airlines involved in this case have been forced to withdraw their claim against
LATAM Airlines Group
and LAN Cargo after their previous claim was annulled in Bankruptcy Court during Chapter 11. In this sense, Lufthansa, Lufthansa Cargo, British Airways, Air France, KLM, Martinair and Singapore have withdrawn their claim. The only claim pending against
LATAM Airlines Group
and LAN CARGO is by Thai Airways.
The amounts are indeterminate.
On September 3, 2013, CADE published its decision to impose a fine of ThUS$51,000 against ABSA, after an investigation, commenced in 2008, against several cargo airlines and airlines officers over allegations of anticompetitive practices regarding fuel surcharges in the air cargo business. CADE also imposed fines upon a former Director and two former employees in the amounts of ThUS$1,000 and ThUS$510 respectively. On December 5, 2013 ABSA filed its application for Administrative Reconsideration before CADE. On December 19, 2014, CADE issued a new decision which reduced the fine against ABSA to ThUS$11,106 (R$53,868,685.82) (based on an exchange rate of US$1 = R$4.85). CADE also reduced the fines against ABSA’s Director and employees to US$169,080 and US$83,920, respectively (also based on an exchange rate of US$1 = R$4.85). ABSA has initiated a judicial appeal against the Union Federal seeking an additional reduction of the fine amount. In December 2018, a Federal Court Judge ruled against ABSA, indicating that it will not apply an additional reduction to the fine imposed. The court’s decision was published on March 12, 2019. On March 13, 2019, ABSA filed a motion seeking clarification of the federal court’s decision. On April 1, 2019, a response to the motions for clarification filed by ABSA was presented. On May 24, 2019, the motions for clarification of ABSA were not accepted.
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On June 18, 2019, an appeal was filed by ABSA. On August 14, 2019, CADE’s deadline for filing counter arguments was certified. On August 25, 2019, records were sent to the court. On the same date, the records were distributed to Desa Marli Marques Ferreira. On April 27, 2020, a petition was presented by ABSA attaching the renewal of the insurance-judicial policy. On April 19, 2021, a petition was presented by ABSA attaching the renewal of the insurance-judicial policy. On July 19, 2021, CADE filed a statement challenging the policy presented. On August 11, 2021, ABSA filed a petition with evidence of the regular status of the policy presented. On October 26, 2021, a decision was rendered determining the regularization of the policy by ABSA. On October 27, 2021, ABSA filed a petition reiterating the terms of its last petition, demonstrating the regularity of the policy presented. On February 8, 2022, ABSA was summoned to regularize the policy presented, by proving the existence of a reinsurance contract. On February 16, 2022, ABSA presented proof of reinsurance by Ezze Seguros. At the moment, the judgment of ABSA’s appeal is awaited.
Jose Marti Airport Complaint
On September 27, 2019 a lawsuit was filed against LATAM Airlines Group and American Airlines Inc. (“American”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida under the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act, 22 U.S.C. Section 6021 et seq., (the “Helms-Burton Act”). Plaintiff Jose Ramon Lopez Regueiro alleged in the complaint that he holds an interest in the Jose Marti Airport which was confiscated by the Cuban government in 1959, and that LATAM Airlines Group unlawfully “trafficked” in the said property. The plaintiff sought all available statutory remedies, including the award of damages for the alleged trafficking in the expropriated property, plus reasonable attorney’s fees and costs incurred, treble damages, post-judgment interest, and any other relief deemed appropriate by the court. On April 6, 2020, the Court issued an Order of Temporary Suspension given the inability to proceed with the case on a regular basis as a result of the indefinite duration and restrictions of the global pandemic and required the parties to notify on a monthly basis of the possibility of proceeding.
The stay with respect to the claims against American was lifted and consequently American successfully obtained a dismissal from the Southern District court on the grounds that: (1) the property at issue in an Helms-Burton Act lawsuit must have been confiscated from a U.S. national, and (2) an Helms-Burton Act plaintiff must have been a U.S. national when he acquired his claim to the property or at least before the Helms-Burton Act’s enactment date, March 12, 1996.
The stay with respect to the claims against LATAM Airlines Group remained in place until the conclusion of the Chapter 11 proceedings. Plaintiff’s failure to file a proof of claim against LATAM Airlines Group under the Chapter 11 proceedings barred plaintiff from any claims against LATAM Airlines Group. As a result, the plaintiff agreed to dismiss his complaint with prejudice against LATAM Airlines Group. A status report was submitted to the Court confirming the same. The Court entered an order to dismiss the case on August 2, 2023.
Chapter 11 Proceedings
On May 26, 2020, the Initial Debtors individually filed a voluntary reorganization petition with Bankruptcy Court according to Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. On July 7 and 9, 2020, 9 additional affiliated debtors Subsequent Debtors, including TAM Linhas Aereas S.A., also filed a voluntary reorganization petition with the Court. On November 26, 2021, the Debtors submitted a joint reorganization plan, which was confirmed by the Court on June 18, 2022 (the “Confirmation Order”). The Debtors exited the Chapter 11 proceedings on November 3, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), and the proceedings were closed on June 29, 2023. Additional information regarding recent developments in the Chapter 11 proceedings can be found in “Item 4. Information on the Company —Business Overview— Recent Developments in 2022 involving our Chapter 11 Proceedings” and “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Chapter 11 Proceedings” in our 2022 Annual Report.
LATAM filed additional parallel and ancillary proceedings (including the recognition of the U.S. Chapter 11 proceedings) in the Cayman Islands, Colombia, Perú and Chile. As described further below, ancillary proceedings in Cayman Islands remain outstanding.
On May 26, 2020, LATAM Finance Limited and Peuco Finance Limited submitted separate requests for provisional liquidation in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, covered in the reorganization proceeding filed before the Bankruptcy Court of the United States of America, which were accepted on May 27, 2020 by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. LATAM Finance Limited and Peuco Finance Limited filed several petitions to suspend the liquidation in 2020, 2021 and 2022, all of which were accepted by the court. Currently both proceedings remain open.
On July 7, 2020, Piquero Leasing Limited submitted a request for a provisional liquidation in Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, covered in the reorganization proceeding filed before the Bankruptcy Court of the United States of
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America, which was accepted on May 27, 2020 by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. Piquero Leasing Limited filed several petitions to suspend the liquidation in 2020, 2021 and 2022, all of which were accepted by the court. Currently the proceeding remains open.
Class Actions
Class Action filed by the National Corporation of Consumers and Users (“CONADECUS”)
On June 25, 2020, the National Corporation of Consumers and Users (“CONADECUS”) filed a class action against LATAM Airlines Group in the 23° Juzgado Civil de Santiago, for alleged breaches of the Law on Protection of Consumer Rights due to flight cancellations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, requesting the nullity of alleged abusive clauses in consumer contracts, the imposition of fines and compensation for damages in defense of the interest of consumers. On July 4, 2020 we filed a motion to reverse the court’s ruling declaring the admissibility of the action filed by CONADECUS. On July 11, 2020 we requested the Court to comply with the Chilean Insolvency Court’s ruling to suspend the case in connection with the foreign reorganization procedure pursuant to the Chilean Insolvency Act, a request that was accepted by the Court. CONADECUS filed a motion for reconsideration and an appeal against this resolution should the motion for reconsideration be dismissed. The Court dismissed the reconsideration motion on August 3, 2020, but admitted the appeal. On December 22, 2022, LATAM Airlines Group filed a motion requesting the stay of the proceedings to be lifted, given the current state of the reorganization procedure. On December 30, 2022, CONADECUS agreed to LATAM Airlines Group’s request. On January 23, 2023, the Santiago Court of Appeals granted LATAM’s motion and lifted the stay. On November 24, 2023, the Court dismissed LATAM’s motion for reversal against the ruling that declared the action filed by CONADECUS admissible. On December 4, 2023, LATAM filed a statement of defense against said decision. The amount at the moment is undetermined.
Parallel to the lawsuit in Chile, on August 31, 2020, CONADECUS filed on appeal with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court because of the automatic suspension imposed by Section 362 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code that, among other things, prohibits the parties from filing or continuing with claims that involve a preliminary petition against the Debtors. CONADECUS filed a petition to (i) stay the automatic suspension to the extent necessary to continue with the class action against LATAM Airlines Group in Chile, and (ii) request a joint hearing by the Bankruptcy Court in the U.S. and the Chilean Insolvency Court to hear the matters relating to the claims of CONADECUS in Chile. On September 16, 2020, the Debtors filed their objection against CONADECUS’ appeal and the Official Unsecured Creditors Committee presented a statement in support of the Debtors’ position. On December 18, 2020, the Bankruptcy Court partially granted CONADECUS’s request, only for purposes of allowing them to continue with their appeal and so that the Court of Appeals determine whether or not the suspension is appropriate under the Chilean Insolvency Act. On February 9, 2021, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order to lift the automatic stay to permit the continuation of CONADECUS’ appeal in Chile against the judicial approval of a class action settlement with the Chilean Association of Consumers and Users (“AGRECU”).
Class Action filed by the Chilean Association of Consumers and Users (“AGRECU”)
On July 7, 2020 we were notified of a lawsuit filed by AGRECU against LATAM Airlines Group for alleged breaches of the Law on Protection of Consumer Rights due to flight cancellations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, requesting the nullity of alleged abusive clauses in consumer contracts, the imposition of fines and compensation for damages in defense of the interest of consumers. We filed our statement of defense on August 21, 2020. The 25° Juzgado Civil de Santiago admitted the statement of defense and convened the parties to a settlement hearing on October 1, 2020. A settlement was reached with AGRECU at that hearing that was approved by the Court on October 5, 2020. On October 7, 2020, the 25th Civil Court confirmed that the decision approving the settlement was final and binding. CONADECUS filed a brief on October 4, 2020 to become a party and oppose the agreement, which was dismissed on October 5, 2020. CONADECUS further petitioned for an official correction on October 8, 2020 and the annulment of all proceedings on October 22, 2020, which were dismissed, costs payable by CONADECUS, on November 16, 2020 and November 20, 2020, respectively. LATAM Airlines Group presented reports on the implementation of the agreement on May 19, 2021, November 19, 2021 and May 19, 2022, which concluded its obligation to report on that implementation. On December 28, 2022 the Civil Court ordered to dismiss the file. CONADECUS filed appeals against these decisions with the appellate court of Santiago, and arguments were made on March 8, 2023. In a decision dated August 8, 2023, the appellate court dismissed the appeals by CONADECUS, costs included. On August 26, 2023, CONADECUS appealed against the appellate court ruling, and on November 30, 2023, the Supreme Court declared CONADECUS’ petition inadmissible. On December 7, 2023, LATAM Airlines Group requested the appellate court to determine that the costs of the proceedings be borne by CONADECUS. CONADECUS currently has no petitions against the settlement reached between LATAM Airlines Group and AGRECU. The amount at the moment is undetermined.
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Class Action filed by the National Corporation of Consumers and Users (“CONADECUS”)
On September 21, 2023, LATAM Airlines Group was notified of a class action lawsuit filed by CONADECUS in a Chilean Court (23° Juzgado Civil de Santiago), for alleged breaches of the Law on Protection of Consumer Rights because of the cancellation of tickets for international flights purchased through travel agencies. CONADECUS petitioned for fines and damages in defense of the collective and/or diffuse interest of consumers. On September 30, 2023, LATAM Airlines Group filed a motion for reversal against the ruling that declared the action filed by CONADECUS admissible, which was dismissed by the Court on November 11, 2023. A decision on that appeal is pending at this time. The amount at the moment is undetermined.
Legal proceedings with the Antitrust Court in Chile (“TDLC”)
A preliminary injunction was filed by the Tourism Companies Trade Association of Chile seeking that LATAM’s New Distribution Capability (NDC) system cease to be implemented or, alternatively, that collection of the distribution cost recovery fee be suspended and that LATAM be forbidden to limit the inventory of tickets available through the indirect distribution channel. On May 24, 2023 the preliminary injunction was initially rejected. However, said resolution was overturned by the TDLC on June 8, 2023, and instead ordered a partial injunction only in terms of suspending the distribution cost recovery fee and prohibiting any unjustified limitation of the inventory of tickets available for the indirect distribution channel. On July 27, 2023, the TDLC issued a ruling favorable to LATAM, reversing the injunction.
On August 11, 2012, the Civil Aviation Administration (“JAC”) filed a petition for clarification with the TDLC regarding certain capacity and other transitory restrictions applicable to the Santiago-São Paulo under the Seventh Condition. The petition seeks to impose a temporary 5-year limitation on 23 frequencies assigned by the JAC to LATAM after the decision was issued.
LATAM filed a brief with the TDLC on August 27, 2023, petitioning that the JAC petition for clarification be dismissed because it was an improper request to change the Seventh Condition. The TDLC dismissed the JAC’s petition for clarification on September 13, 2023. The JAC filed an appeal against the TDLC’s ruling dismissing its petition for clarification on September 23, 2023. LATAM petitioned that said appeal by the JAC be declared inadmissible on September 30, 2023. The TDLC declared the appeal admissible on October 2, 2023, and LATAM filed a motion for reconsideration against that decision on October 7, 2023. The TDLC accepted LATAM’s motion for reconsideration on October 17, 2023, amended its previous ruling and dismissed the JAC’s petition for clarification. On October 23, 2023, the JAC presented an appeal to the Supreme Court requesting that the TDLC resolution be overturned and petitioned that its appeal be declared admissible. On November 3, 2023, LATAM became part of the de facto appeal and requested its rejection. On December 20, 2023, the TDLC sent a report to the Supreme Court with a summary of its decision on this matter. On January 6, 2024, the JAC presented a note in relation to the TDLC report. On January 9, 2024, LATAM presented a document in response to the JAC documentation before the same Court. The amount at the moment is undetermined.
In a separate but related process, JetSmart filed a non-contentious inquiry on September 26, 2023, in relation to the terms of the future public tender of aviation frequencies on the Santiago-Lima route. JetSmart requested an injunction to suspend the tender and maintain the aviation frequency assignments as currently held until the inquiry has been finalized. The TDLC declared the inquiry admissible on October 2, 2023, but only to begin a procedure to determine whether the rules in the terms of the public aviation frequency tender violate Chilean Decree Law 211, and dismissed the request for provisional measures. On October 4, 2023, JetSmart filed two motions for reconsideration against the TDLC’s decision. The JAC became a party to such motions on October 6, 2023 and LATAM became a party to the process on October 10, 2023, and it requested that the motions filed by JetSmart be dismissed. On October 16, 2023, the TDLC took into account the considerations presented by LATAM and rejected the two motions for reconsideration filed by JetSmart. On October 20, 2023 CONADECUS requested to become part of this process and requested the same injunction previously rejected twice by the TDLC. On October 23, 2023 LATAM submitted a brief to the TDLC requesting the rejection of said injunction now requested by CONADECUS. On October 23, 2023, a public auction was held by JAC for thirteen international frequencies for the Santiago - Lima route, LATAM won ten of thirteen of these routes. On October 24, 2023, JetSmart once again requested that an injunction be issued regarding the public tender of aviation frequencies on the Santiago-Lima route. On October 30, 2023, LATAM filed a brief requesting the dismissal of JetSmart’s new request for injunction. On November 2, 2023, the TDLC rejected the request for injunctions submitted by JetSmart and CONADECUS. On December 5, 2023, JetSmart complied with TDLC procedural order and published in the Chilean official newspaper a notice calling interested parties and stakeholders to submit information and opinions regarding
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JetSmart’s inquiry. On December 21, 2023, the FNE requested to be an intervening party in the process and requested to extend the deadline to provide background information. The TDLC accepted the postponement, leaving the deadline for providing information as February 5, 2024. On February 1, 2024, LATAM submitted a brief to TDLC advocating for its position and providing background information regarding JetSmart’s inquiry. The amount at the moment is undetermined.
Legal proceedings involving LATAM Airlines Peru
On January 26, 2023, LATAM Airlines Peru filed an appeal against the determination and fine resolutions issued by SUNAT for indirect disposal of income during the fiscal year 2015, for an aggregate amount of ThUS$185,987. Through Resolution of the National Taxpayer Intendency (
Intendencia de Principales Contribuyentes Nacionales
) N°. 4070340000928 dated December 19, 2023, SUNAT granted the appeal filed by the Company and, consequently, the previous resolutions were declared void. Currently, SUNAT is pending to issue the inspection requirements necessary to correct the invalidity defects declared by its agency.
Legal proceedings involving LATAM Airlines Brazil
TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. is party to one action filed by relatives of victims of an accident that occurred in October 1996 involving one of its Fokker 100 aircraft, in addition to 22 actions filed by residents of the region where the accident occurred, who claimed pain and suffering, and a class action related to this accident. All suits have now been concluded except one suit brought by the association of residents of a local street in respect of which TAM has been found liable by the second instance court of São Paulo for damages to be assessed, subject to an appeal to the Superior Court. Most residents of the relevant street appear to have already been compensated through individual claims, which have been satisfied and thus should not be entitled to further compensation. No steps have been taken by any residents to try to obtain further compensation through the decision in favor of the residents’ association. Any further damages resulting from the aforementioned legal claim are covered by the civil liability guarantee provided for in TAM’s insurance policy with Itaú Unibanco Seguros S.A. (now Chubb Seguros).
In relation to the Airbus A320 aircraft (PR-MBK) accident of TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. (TAM) at CGH on July 17, 2007, settlements were concluded directly between the insurers/reinsurers and the victims’ families, third parties and ex-employees. Almost all claims and suits have now been concluded and there is ongoing litigation against TAM relating to only one fatal victim and one third party land owner. The administrative action regarding the extent of the primary insurance coverage payable regarding victims on board the aircraft remains on appeal by TAM and the other defendants to the Superior Court in Brasília. No steps have been taken by any party to attempt preliminary execution of the second instance court decision and there should be sufficient grounds to defend any such action based on the releases signed by all claimants upon receiving final compensation. The insurance coverage with Itaú Unibanco Seguros S.A. (now Chubb Seguros) adequately covers all liabilities arising out of the accident, and therefore LATAM Airlines Brazil does not expect to incur in any additional expenses.
Tax related proceedings
In July, 2011, the Brazilian National Institute of Social Security ("INSS") issued a tax assessment notice requesting LATAM to pay certain charging amounts as a result of TAM Linhas Aereas’ lack of payment of the Airline Workers Fund, a tax charged monthly at the rate of 2.5% of an airline’s total payroll, between 2004 and 2012. TAM Linhas Aereas and other plaintiffs filed an ordinary claim with a request for injunctive relief against the INSS decision. The company made cash deposits to the Court of total amounts required to guarantee the debts allegedly owed. The administrative proceedings have been suspended until the conclusion of the judicial claim, which is still pending. The approximate adjusted value of amounts potentially due in such proceeding as of December 31, 2012 was ThUS$43,300. In the opinion of our legal advisors, the possibility for the court to rule against TAM Linhas Aereas is high. Therefore, we have established a provision for this litigation which amounts to ThUS$84,078 (R$407,778,562.13) as of December 31, 2023.
Since 1993, TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. is a plaintiff in a judicial claim against the Brazilian government seeking indemnity for damages arising out of the termination of an air transportation concession agreement that resulted in the freezing of TAM’s prices from 1988 to September 1993 in order to maintain operations with the prices set by the Brazilian government during that period. The process is currently being heard before the Federal Regional Court and judgment is pending an appeal by TAM. The amount of potential recovery is indeterminate at this time. The original amount is estimated at ThUS$44,100 (R$246,086,745.00). This sum is subject to delinquent interest since September 1993 and inflation adjustment since November 1994. Based on the opinion of TAM’s legal advisors, and recent rulings issued by the
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Brazilian Supreme Court of Justice in favor of airlines in similar cases (specifically, actions filed by Transbrasil and Varig), we believe that TAM’s likelihood of success is high, even if the court of second instance issued decision denying the claim. The Company is planning to appeal the court’s decision before the higher courts in Brazil (STJ and STF).We have not recognized these credits in our financial statements and will only do so if and when a positive decision is rendered final by the Court.
TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. filed an ordinary claim, with a request for early judgment, to discuss the legality of charging the
Adicional das Tarifas Aeroportuárias
(“Additional Airport Tariffs,” or “ATAERO”), which are charged at a rate of 50% on the value of tariffs and airport tariffs. A decision by the superior court is pending. The amount of potential recovery is indeterminate at this time. The decision by the superior court (STJ) is pending since May 2020.
A tax assessment was issued by the Brazilian IRS for the collection of Income Tax (“IRPJ”) and Social Contribution on Net Income (“CSLL”), and a fine of 150% and interest was imposed on TAM. In summary, the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service intends to levy IRPJ and CSLL on the alleged capital gain earned by TAM S.A. as a result of the reduction of the capital stock of the controlled company Multiplus S.A. As of December 31, 2023, the updated amount of the assessment and related fees was approximately ThUS$131,864 (R$639,541,367.35). The Administrative Court issued a second level decision overruling the tax assessment. This decision was challenged by the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service before the third level Administrative Superior Court, and was dismissed on November 7, 2023.
On October 29, 2018, the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service issued a tax assessment notice against TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. in the amount of ThUS$124,507 (R$603,862,080.72), due to alleged irregularities of the Company on social security contribution related to work accidents (“GILRAT,” former “SAT”) from November 2013 until December 2017. TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. has presented their defense to the Administrative Court, but on February 7, 2019 the court denied the defense and kept the tax assessment. The proceedings are now pending the judgment on the appeal filed before the second level Court (the “CARF”). On December 30, 2022, the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service issued a tax assessment notice against TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. in the amount of ThUS$18,974 (R$87,659,289.63), due to alleged irregularities of the Company on social security contribution related to GILRAT between January and December, 2018. TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. filed the administrative defense on January 27, 2023. In the opinion of our legal advisors, the possibility for the court to rule against TAM Linhas Aereas is high. However, the Company had won a similar case where the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service made the same assessment for irregularities on social security contributions between 2011 and 2012, and this assessment was overruled by the Administrative Court.
On December 12, 2019, the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service Brazilian issued a tax assessment on the amount of ThUS$43,256 (R$209,794,178.29) related to certain tax credits on about “PIS COFINS” (Federal Social Contributions Levied on Gross Revenue) during 2014. The company filed its defense, which was denied in September 2020. The appeal filed by the Company is pending judgment.
On February 26, 2016, SNEA (Sindicato Nacional das Empresas Aéreas) on behalf of their members: Tam Linhas Aereas S/A, Absa Aerolinhas Brasileiras S/A, Gol Linhas Aéreas S/A and Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras S/A filed an ordinary claim in the Federal Court of the Federal District to discuss the 72% increase in the values of TAT-ADR (Aerodrome Control Fee) and TAT-APP (Approach Control Fee) imposed by the Department of Airspace Control (“DECEA”). Regarding this increase in tariffs, the companies (Tam Linhas Aéreas S/A and Absa Aerolinhas Brasileiras S/A) are currently making judicial deposits monthly and attemp to replace these deposited amounts with guarantee insurances. On October 13, 2017, the Federal District Court of first instance ruled against SNEA’s claim maintaining the legality of the 72% increase in the values of the fees. On January 30, 2024, SNEA obtained a favorable court decision from the 2nd Instance (TRF1), regarding its appeal. The SNEA awaits the publication of the decision to assess the viability of possible appeals.
For additional relevant legal proceedings relating to the ordinary course of the business, please see Note 30 (Contingencies) in our audited consolidated financial statements.
On February 7, 2024, the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service issued a tax assessment against TAM Linhas Aéreas on the amount of ThUS$52,281 (R$253,564,994.72) related to certain tax credits on about “PIS COFINS” (Federal Social Contributions Levied on Gross Revenue) during the period of 2019/2020. The company will be filing an administrative response disputing the total amount of the tax assessment. Please see Note 35 in our audited consolidated financial statements.
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Dividend Policy
In accordance with the Chilean Corporate Law, LATAM must distribute cash dividends equal to at least 30% of its annual consolidated net profits calculated in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards, provided no financial losses are carried over and subject to limited exceptions. If there is no net income in a given year, LATAM can elect but is not legally obligated to distribute dividends out of retained earnings. The board of directors may declare interim dividends out of profits earned during such interim period to the extent the economic situation of the Company allows for such distribution. Pursuant to LATAM’s by-laws, the annual cash dividend is approved by the shareholders at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting held during the first four months of the following year during which the dividend is proposed. All outstanding common shares are entitled to share equally in all dividends declared by LATAM, except for the shares that have not been fully paid by the shareholder after being subscribed.
We declare cash dividends in U.S. dollars, but make dividend payments in Chilean pesos, converted from U.S. dollars at the observed exchange rate five business days prior to the day we first make payment to shareholders. Holders of ADSs will be entitled to receive dividends on the underlying common shares to the same extent as holders of common shares. Holders of ADRs on the applicable record dates will be entitled to receive dividends paid on the common shares represented by the ADSs evidenced by such ADRs. Dividends payable to holders of ADSs will be paid by us to the depositary in Chilean pesos and remitted by the depositary to such holders net of foreign currency conversion fees and expenses of the depositary and will be subject to Chilean withholding tax currently imposed at a rate of 35% (subject to credits in certain cases as described under “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation-Cash Dividends and Other Distributions”). The amount of U.S. dollars distributed to holders of ADSs may be adversely affected by a devaluation of the Chilean currency that may occur before such dividends are converted and remitted. Owners of the ADSs will not be charged any dividend remittance fee by the depositary with respect to cash dividends.
Chilean law requires that holders of shares of Chilean companies that are not residents of Chile register as foreign investors under one of the foreign investment regimes established by Chilean law in order to have dividends, sale proceeds or other amounts with respect to their shares remitted outside Chile through the Formal Exchange Market (
Mercado Cambiario Formal
).
The table below sets forth the cash dividends per common share and per ADS paid by LATAM, as well as the number of common shares entitled to such dividends, for the years indicated. Dividends per common share amounts reflect common share amounts outstanding immediately prior to the distribution of such dividend.
| Dividend for year: |
Payment
Date(s) |
Total dividend payment |
Number of common shares
entitled to dividend |
Cash dividend per common
share |
Cash dividend per ADS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (U.S. dollars) | (in millions) | (U.S. dollars) | (U.S. dollars) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | n.a. | $ | 0.0 | 606.41 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | n.a. | $ | 0.0 | 606.41 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | n.a. | $ | 0.0 | 606,407.69 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
B.
Significant Changes
Except as otherwise disclosed in our audited consolidated financial statements and in this annual report, there have been no significant changes in our business, financial conditions or results of operations since December 31, 2023.
ITEM 9 THE OFFER AND LISTING
A.
Offer and Listing Details
The principal trading market for our common shares is the Santiago Stock Exchange (“SSE”). The common shares have been listed on the SSE under the symbol “LAN” since 1989, and the ADSs were listed on the NYSE under the symbol “LFL” on November 7, 1997. LATAM was delisted from the NYSE on June 22, 2020, following its filing for voluntary protection under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. As of the date of this annual report, the ADSs are traded in the over-the-counter market, which is a less liquid market, and our ADR program, with JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. as depositary,
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is not open for issuances. There is no defined timeline for re-opening the ADR program or for returning to the U.S. public markets.
In August 2022, LATAM filed a registration statement on Form F-1 for the proposed resale of its common shares in the form of ADSs pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement entered into by and among LATAM, the Backstop Creditors and the Backstop Shareholders. LATAM then filed an amendment to its registration statement on Form F-1 in October 2022. On August 30, 2023, LATAM filed a request for withdrawal of the registration statement. There is no defined timeline for the effectiveness of the registration statement.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s statutory capital was represented by 606,407,693,000 shares, all issued, ordinary and without nominal value. On September 6, 2023, the Company's statutory capital was reduced as of right, effective as of the same date.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s statutory capital is represented by 604,441,789,335 shares, all issued, ordinary and without nominal value. The Company's statutory capital is the sum of US$6,539,758,049.96, divided into 604,441,789,335 shares, of the same series, with no par value, of which: (i) US$6,539,715,726.81 represented by 604,437,877,587 shares, are fully subscribed and paid, including common shares represented by ADSs; and (ii) US$42,323.16, represented by 3,911,748 shares, to be subscribed and paid in full and exclusively for the conversion of 42,398 Series H Convertible Bonds (ex class B) pending conversion.
B.
Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C.
Markets
Trading
Chile
The Chilean stock market, which is regulated by the CMF under Law 18,045 of October 22, 1981, as amended, which we refer to as the “Securities Market Act”, is one of the most developed among emerging markets, reflecting the particular economic history and development of Chile. The Chilean government’s policy of privatizing state-owned companies, implemented during the 1980s, led to an expansion of private ownership of shares, resulting in an increase in the importance of stock markets. Privatization extended to the social security system, which was converted into a privately managed pension fund system. These pension funds have been allowed, subject to certain limitations, to invest in stocks and are currently major investors in the stock market. Some market participants, including pension fund administrators, are highly regulated with respect to investment and remuneration criteria, but the general market is less regulated than the U.S. market with respect to disclosure requirements and information usage.
Equities, closed-end funds, fixed-income securities, short-term and money market securities, gold and U.S. dollars are traded on the SSE. In 1991, the SSE initiated a futures market with two instruments: U.S. dollar futures and Selective Shares Price Index, or IPSA, futures. Securities are traded primarily through an open voice auction system; a firm offers system or daily auctions. Trading through the open voice system occurs on each business day from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. The SSE has an electronic system of trade, called
Telepregón HT
, which operates continuously for stocks trading in high volumes from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. The Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange operates continuously from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. each business day. In February 2000, the SSE Off-Shore Market began operations. In the Off-Shore Market, publicly offered foreign securities are traded and quoted in U.S. dollars.
D.
Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E.
Dilution
Not applicable.
F.
Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
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ITEM 10 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This Item reflects legal amendments affected by Chilean Law No. 20,382 on Corporate Governance, which was enacted on October 13, 2009, and came into effect on October 20, 2009, and Chilean Law No. 20,552, which modernized and encouraged competition in the financial system, which was enacted on November 6, 2011 and came into effect on December 17, 2011.
A.
Share Capital
Not applicable.
B.
Memorandum and Articles of Association
Set forth below is information concerning our share capital and a brief summary of certain significant provisions of our by-laws and Chilean law. This description contains all material information concerning the common shares but does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our by-laws, the Chilean Corporate Law and the Securities Market Law, each referred to below. For additional information regarding the common shares, reference is made to our by-laws, a copy of which is included as Exhibit 1.1 to this annual report on Form 20-F.
Organization and Register
LATAM Airlines Group is a publicly held stock corporation (S
ociedad Anónima Abierta
) incorporated under the laws of Chile. LATAM Airlines Group was incorporated by a public deed dated December 30, 1983, an abstract of which was published in the Chilean Official Gazette
(Diario Oficial de la República de Chile
) No. 31,759 on December 31, 1983, and registered on page 20,341, No. 11,248 of the Santiago, Chile, Commerce Registry
(Registro de Comercio de Santiago, Chile)
for the year 1983. Our corporate purpose, as stated in our by-laws, is to provide a broad range of transportation and related services, as more fully set forth in Article Four thereof.
General
Shareholders’ rights in a Chilean corporation are generally governed by the company’s by-laws and the Chilean Corporate Law. Article 22 of the Chilean Corporation Act states that the purchaser of shares of a corporation implicitly accepts its by-laws and any prior agreements adopted at shareholders’ meetings. Additionally, the Chilean Corporate Law regulates the government and operation of corporations (“
sociedades anónimas,
” or S.A.) and provides for certain shareholder rights. Article 137 of the Chilean Corporation Act provides that the provisions of the Chilean Corporation Act take precedence over any contrary provision in a corporation’s by-laws. The Chilean Corporate Law and our by-laws also provide that all disputes arising among shareholders in their capacity as such or between us or our administrators and the shareholders may either be submitted to arbitration in Chile or to the courts of Chile at the election of the plaintiff initiating the action. Despite the foregoing, it is forbidden for certain individuals (directors, senior managers, administrators and main executives of the corporation, and any shareholder that directly or indirectly holds shares whose book or market value exceed 5,000 UF at the moment of filing of the action) from submitting such action before the ordinary courts, thus obligating them to proceed with arbitration in all situations. Finally, Decree-Law No. 3,500 on Pension Fund Administrators, which allows pension funds to invest in the stock of qualified corporations, indirectly affects corporate governance and prescribes certain rights of shareholders. The Chilean Corporation Act sets forth the rules and requirements under which a corporation is deemed to be “publicly held.” Article 2 of the Chilean Corporation Act defines publicly held corporations as corporations that register their shares with the
Registro de Valores
(Securities Registry) of the CMF. Article 2 also indicates that corporations must register their shares with the Securities Registry in the event that they have had more than 2,000 shareholders (or such higher number established by the CMF through a general rule, provided that such number does not compromise public faith, taking into account the type of shareholder, nature of the company or similar circumstances) registered in the shareholders registry for twelve consecutive months.
The framework of the Chilean securities market is regulated by the CMF under the Securities Market Act and the Chilean Corporate Law, which imposes certain disclosure requirements, restricts insider trading, prohibits price manipulation and protects minority investors. In particular, the Securities Market Act establishes requirements for public offerings, stock exchanges and brokers and outlines disclosure requirements for corporations that issue publicly offered securities.
Ownership Restrictions
Under Articles 12 and 20 of the Securities Market Act and General Rule 269 issued by the CMF in 2009, certain information regarding transactions in shares of publicly held corporations must be reported to the CMF and the Chilean
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stock exchanges on which the shares are listed. Since the ADRs are deemed to represent the shares underlying the ADSs, transactions in ADRs will be subject to those reporting requirements. Among other matters, the beneficial owners of ADSs that directly or indirectly hold 10% or more of the subscribed capital of LATAM Airlines Group, or that reach or exceed such percentage through an acquisition, are required to report to the CMF and the Chilean stock exchanges, the day following the event:
•
any acquisition or disposition of shares; and
•
any acquisition or disposition of contracts or securities, which price or performance depends on the price variation of the LATAM Airlines Group’s shares.
These obligations are extended (i) to certain individuals (immediate family, next of kin and others) if the ADS holder is a natural person; (ii) to any entity controlled by the holder, if the ADS is a legal entity; and (iii) to groups, if a holder has any joint action agreement with other holders and the group reaches or exceeds the cited threshold.
In addition, majority shareholders must state in their report whether their purpose is to acquire control of the company or if they are making a financial investment.
Under Article 54 of the Securities Market Act and under CMF regulations, persons or entities that intend to acquire control, whether directly or indirectly, of a publicly held corporation, must follow certain notice requirements, regardless of the acquisition vehicle or procedure or whether the acquisition will be made through direct subscriptions or private transactions. In the first place, the potential acquirer must send a written communication to the target corporation, any companies controlling or controlled by the target corporation, the CMF and the Chilean stock exchanges on which the target’s securities are listed, stating, among other things, the person or entity purchasing or selling and the price and material conditions of any negotiations. Subsequently, the potential acquirer must also inform the public of its planned acquisition by means of a publication in two Chilean newspapers with national distribution and by uploading such notice to the acquirer’s website, if available. Both requirements shall be met at least ten business days prior to the date on which the acquisition transaction is to close, and in any event, as soon as negotiations regarding the change of control have been formalized or when confidential information or documents concerning the target are delivered to the potential acquirer. The notices must state, among other things, the person or entity purchasing or selling and the price and conditions of any negotiations.
In addition to the foregoing, Article 54A of the Securities Market Act requires that within two business days of the completion of the transactions pursuant to which a person has acquired control of a publicly traded company, a notice shall be published in the same newspapers in which the notice referred to above was published and notices shall be sent to the same persons mentioned in the preceding paragraphs.
Consequently, a beneficial owner of ADSs intending to acquire control of LATAM Airlines Group will be subject to the foregoing reporting requirements.
The provisions of the aforementioned articles do not apply whenever the acquisition is being made through a tender or exchange offer.
Title XXV of the Securities Market Act on tender offers and CMF regulations provide that certain transactions entailing the acquisition on control of a publicly held corporation must be carried out through a tender offer. In addition, Article 199 bis of the Chilean Securities Market Act extends the obligation to make a tender offer for the remaining outstanding shares to any person, or group of persons with a joint action agreement, that, as a consequence of the acquisition of shares, becomes the owner of two-thirds or more of the issued shares with voting rights of a publicly held corporation. Such tender offer must be effected within 30 days from the date of such acquisition.
Article 200 of the Securities Market Act prohibits any shareholder that has taken control of a publicly traded company from acquiring, for a period of 12 months from the date of the transaction that granted it control of the publicly traded company, a number of shares equal to or higher than 3.0% of the outstanding issued shares of the target without making a tender offer at a price per share not lower than the price paid at the time of taking control. Should the acquisition from the other shareholders of the company be made on the floor of a stock exchange and on a pro rata basis, the controlling shareholder may purchase a higher percentage of shares, if so permitted by the regulations of the stock exchange.
Title XV of the Securities Market Act sets forth the basis for determining what constitutes a controlling power, a direct holding and a related party.
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Capitalization
Under Chilean law, the shareholders of a corporation, acting at an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, have the power to authorize an increase in the corporation’s share capital. When an investor subscribes issued shares, the shares are registered in that investor’s name even without payment, and the investor is treated as a shareholder for all purposes except with regard to receipt of dividends and returns of capital, provided that the shareholders may, by amending the by-laws, also grant the right to receive dividends or distributions of capital despite not having paid for the subscribed shares. The investor becomes eligible to receive dividends once it has paid for the shares, or, if it has paid for only a portion of such shares, it is entitled to receive a corresponding pro rata portion of the dividends declared with respect to such shares, unless the company’s by-laws provide otherwise. If an investor does not pay for shares for which it has subscribed on or prior to the date agreed upon for payment, the company is entitled under Chilean law to auction the shares on the appropriate stock exchange, and it has a cause of action against the investor to recover the difference between the subscription price and the price received for the sale of those shares at auction. However, until such shares are sold at auction, the investor continues to exercise all the rights of a shareholder (except the right to receive dividends and returns of capital, as noted above). Regarding shares issued but not paid for within the period determined by the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting for their payment (which period cannot exceed three years from the date of such shareholders’ meeting), until January 1, 2010 they were canceled and no longer available for subscription and payment. As of January 1, 2010, the board of directors of LATAM Airlines Group has a legal obligation to initiate the necessary legal actions to collect the unpaid amounts, unless the shareholders’ meeting which authorized the capital increase allowed the board to abstain from taking such action by a vote of two thirds of the issued shares, in which case the former rule still applies. Once the foregoing legal actions are exhausted, the board of directors shall propose to the shareholders’ meeting the appropriate capital adjustment measures, to be decided by simple majority. Fully paid shares are not subject to further calls or assessments or to liabilities of LATAM Airlines Group.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s statutory capital is represented by 604,441,789,335 ordinary shares without nominal value. As of the same date, LATAM had a total of 604,437,877,587 shares subscribed and paid; and the balance, corresponding to 3,911,748 shares underlying convertible bonds issued (still unconverted as of such date) as part of LATAM’s capital increase approved in July 5, 2022, is pending subscription and payment.
Chilean law recognizes the right of corporations to issue shares of common and preferred stock. To date, we have issued and are authorized by our shareholders to issue only shares of common stock. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote.
Preemptive Rights and Increases in Share Capital
Chilean Corporate Law requires Chilean corporations to offer existing shareholders the right to subscribe a sufficient number of shares to maintain their existing percentage of ownership in a company whenever that corporation issues new shares for cash, except for up to 10% of the subscribed shares arising from the capital increase which may be designated to employee compensation pursuant to article 24 of the Chilean Corporation Act. Under this requirement, any preemptive rights will be offered by us to the depositary as the registered owner of the common shares underlying the ADSs, but holders of ADSs and shareholders located in the United States will not be allowed to exercise preemptive rights with respect to new issuances of shares by us unless a registration statement under the Securities Market Act is effective with respect to those common shares or an exemption from the registration requirements thereunder is available.
On September 13, 2022, we commenced preemptive rights offerings in Chile for New Convertible Notes and ERO New Common Stock (each as defined in the Plan), which offerings concluded on October 12, 2022. In the case of potential subsequent preemptive rights, we intend to evaluate the costs and potential liabilities associated with the preparation and filing of a registration statement with the SEC, as well as the indirect benefits of enabling the exercise by the holders of ADSs and shareholders located in the United States of preemptive rights.
When preemptive rights are not made available to ADS holders, the depositary may sell those holders’ preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds thereof if a secondary market for such rights exists and a premium can be recognized over the cost of such sale. In the event that the depositary does not sell such rights at a premium over the cost of any such sale, all or certain holders of ADRs may receive no value for the preemptive rights. Amounts received in exchange for the sale or assignment of preemptive rights relating to shares of our common stock will be taxable in Chile and in the United States. See “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation-Chilean Tax—Capital Gains.” If the rights cannot be sold, they will expire and a holder of our ADSs will not realize any value from the grant of the preemptive rights. In either case, the equity interest of a holder of our ADSs in us will be diluted proportionately. Thus, the inability of holders of ADSs to exercise preemptive rights in respect of common shares underlying their ADSs could result in a change in their percentage ownership of common shares following a preemptive rights offering.
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Under Chilean law, preemptive rights are freely exercisable, transferable or waived by shareholders during a 30-day period commencing upon publication of the official notice announcing the start of the preemptive rights period in the newspaper designated by the shareholders’ meeting. The preemptive right of the shareholders is the pro rata amount of the shares registered in their name in the shareholders’ registry of LATAM Airlines Group as of the fifth business day prior to the date of publication of the notice announcing the start of the preemptive rights period. During such 30-day period (except for shares as to which preemptive rights have been waived), Chilean companies are not permitted to offer any newly issued common shares for sale to third parties. For that 30-day period and an additional 30-day period, Chilean publicly held corporations are not permitted to offer any unsubscribed common shares for sale to third parties on terms that are more favorable to the purchaser than those offered to shareholders. At the end of such additional 30-day period, Chilean publicly held corporations are authorized to sell non-subscribed shares to third parties on any terms, provided they are sold on a Chilean stock exchange.
Directors
Our by-laws provide for a board of nine directors. Compensation to be paid to directors must be approved by vote at the annual shareholders’ meeting. We hold elections for all positions on the board of directors every two years. Under our by-laws, directors are elected by cumulative voting. Each shareholder has one vote per share and may cast all of his or her votes in favor of one nominee or may apportion his or her votes among any number of nominees. These voting provisions currently ensure that a shareholder owning more than 10% of our outstanding shares is able to elect at least one representative to our board of directors.
Under the Chilean Corporate Law, transactions of a publicly-held corporation with a “related” party must be conducted on an arm’s-length basis and must satisfy certain approval and disclosure requirements which are different from the ones that apply to a privately-held company. The conditions apply to the publicly-held corporation and to all of its subsidiaries.
These transactions include any negotiation, act, contract or operation in which the publicly-held corporation intervenes together with either (i) parties which are legally deemed related pursuant to article 100 of the Chilean Securities Market Act, (ii) a director, senior manager, administrator, main executive or liquidator of the company, either on their own behalf or on behalf of a third party, including those individuals’ spouses or close relatives, (iii) companies in which the foregoing individuals own at least 10% (directly or indirectly), or in which they serve as directors, senior managers, administrators or main executives, (iv) parties indicated as such in the publicly-traded company’s by-laws, or identified by the board of directors’ committee or (v) those who have served as directors, senior managers, administrators, main executives or liquidators of the counterparty in the last 18 months and are now serving in one of those positions at the publicly-traded company.
Pursuant to Article 147 of Chapter XVI of the Chilean Corporation Act, a publicly held corporation shall only be entitled to enter into a related-party transaction when it is in the interest of the company, the price, terms and conditions are similar to those prevailing in the market at the time of its approval and the transaction complies with the requirements and procedures stated below:
1.
The directors, managers, administrators, principal executive officers or liquidators that have an interest or that take part in negotiations conducive to the execution of an arrangement with a related party of the open stock corporation, shall report it immediately to the board of directors or whomever the board designates. Those who breach this obligation will be jointly liable for damages caused to the company and its shareholders.
2.
Prior to the company’s consent to a related party transaction, it must be approved by the absolute majority of the members of the board of directors, with exclusion of the interested directors or liquidators, who nevertheless shall make public his/her/their opinion with respect to the transaction if it is so requested by the board of directors, which opinion shall be set forth in the minutes of the meeting. Likewise, the grounds of the decision and the reasons for excluding such directors from its adoption must also be recorded in the minutes.
3.
The resolutions of the board of directors approving a related party transaction shall be reported at the next following shareholders’ meeting, including a reference to the directors who approved such transaction. A reference to the transaction is to be included in the notice of the respective shareholders’ meeting.
4.
In the event that an absolute majority of the members of the board of directors should abstain from voting, the related-party transaction shall only be executed if it is approved by the unanimous vote of the members of the board of directors not involved in such transaction, or if it is approved in a shareholders’ extraordinary meeting by two-thirds of the voting shares of the company.
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5.
If a shareholders’ extraordinary meeting is called to approve the transaction, the board of directors shall appoint at least one independent advisor who shall report to the shareholders the terms of the transaction, its effects and the potential impact for the company. In the report, the independent advisor shall include all the matters or issues the directors committee may have expressly requested to be evaluated. The directors committee of the company or, in the absence of such committee, directors not involved in the transaction, shall be entitled to appoint an additional independent advisor, in the event they disagree with the appointment made by the board. The reports of the independent advisors shall be made available to the shareholders by the board on the business day immediately following their receipt by the company, at the company’s business offices and on its internet site, for a period of at least 15 business days from the date the last report was received from the independent advisor, and such arrangement shall be communicated to the shareholders by means of a “Relevant Fact” (Communication sent to the CMF and the stock exchanges in Chile). The directors shall express their view on whether the transaction is in the best interest of the corporation, within five business days from the date the last report was received from the independent advisors.
6.
When the directors of the company must express their view on a related party-transaction, they must expressly state the relationship with the transaction counterparty or the interest involved. They shall also express their opinion on whether the transaction is in the best interest of the corporation, their objection or objections that the directors committee may have expressed, as well as the conclusions of the reports of the advisors. The opinions of the directors shall be made available to the shareholders the day after they were received by the company, at the business offices of the company as well as on its internet site, and such arrangement shall be reported by the company as a “Relevant Fact.”
7.
Notwithstanding the applicable sanctions, any infringement of the above provisions will not affect the validity of the transaction, but will grant the company or the shareholders the right to sue the related party involved in the transaction for reimbursement to the company of a sum equivalent to the benefits that the operation reported to the counterpart involved in the transaction, as well as indemnity for damages incurred. In this case, the defendant bears the burden of proof that the transaction complies with the requirements and procedures referred to above.
Notwithstanding the above, the following related party transactions may be executed, pursuant to letters a), b) and c) of Article 147 of the Chilean Corporation Act, without complying with the requirements and procedures stated above, with prior authorization by the board:
1.
Transactions that do not involve a “material amount.” For this purpose, any transaction that is both greater than UF 2,000 (as of December, 31, 2023, approximately Ch$73.6 million) and in excess of 1% of the corporation’s equity, or involving an amount in excess of UF 20,000 (as of December 31, 2023, approximately Ch$735.8 million) shall be deemed to involve a material amount. All transactions executed within a 12-month period that are similar or complementary to each other, with identical parties, including related parties, or objects, shall be deemed to be a single transaction.
2.
Transactions that pursuant to the company’s policy of habitual practice as determined by its board of directors, are in the ordinary course of business of the company. Any agreement or resolution establishing or amending such policies shall have the approval of the board of directors’ committee and shall be communicated as a “Relevant Fact” and made available to shareholders at the company’s business offices and on its internet site, and the transaction shall be reported as a “Relevant Fact,” if applicable. Such policy shall not authorize the subscription of acts or contracts that compromise more than the 10% of the assets of the company.
3.
Transactions between legal entities in which the company possesses, directly or indirectly, at least 95% of the equity of the counterpart.
The habitual practice policy adopted by the board of directors in the meeting held on December 29, 2009 established policies setting forth the transactions that fall within the ordinary course of business. That determination was publicly disclosed on the same day and is currently available on LATAM Airlines Group’s website under the “Corporate Governance” section.
Shareholders’ Meetings and Voting Rights
Chilean Corporate Law requires that an ordinary annual meeting of shareholders be held within the first four months of each year after being called by the board of directors (generally they are held in April, but in any case following the preparation of our financial statements, including the report of our auditors, for the previous fiscal year). The shareholders at the ordinary annual meeting approve the annual financial statements, including the report of our auditors, the annual report, the dividend policy and the final dividend on the prior year’s profits, elect the board of directors (when applicable) and approve any other matter that does not require an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting. The most recent
100
extraordinary meeting of our shareholders was held on April 20, 2023, and the most recent ordinary annual meeting of our shareholders was held on April 20, 2023.
Extraordinary shareholders’ meetings may be called by the board of directors, if deemed appropriate, and ordinary or extraordinary shareholders’ meetings must be called by the board of directors when requested by shareholders representing at least 10.0% of the issued voting shares or by the CMF. In addition, as from January 1, 2010 there are two new rules in this regard: (i) the CMF may directly call for an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting in case of a publicly-traded company, and (ii) any kind of shareholders’ meeting may be self-convened and take place if all voting shares attend, regardless of the fulfillment of the notice and other type of procedural requirements.
Notice to convene the ordinary annual meeting or an extraordinary meeting is given by means of three notices which must be published in a newspaper of our corporate domicile (currently Santiago, Chile) designated by the shareholders at their annual meeting and, if the shareholders fail to make such designation, the notice must be published in the Chilean Official Gazette pursuant to legal requirements. The first notice must be published no less than 10 days and no more than 20 days in advance of the scheduled meeting. Notice also must be sent to the CMF and the Chilean stock exchanges no less than 10 days in advance of the meeting. Currently, we publish our official notices in the newspaper
La Tercera
(available online at www.latercera.com).
The quorum for a shareholders’ meeting is established by the presence, in person or by proxy, of shareholders representing a majority of our issued common shares. If that quorum is not reached, the meeting can be reconvened within 45 days, and at the second meeting the shareholders present are deemed to constitute a quorum regardless of the percentage of the common shares that they represent.
Only shareholders registered with us at midnight of the fifth business day prior to the date of a meeting are entitled to attend and vote their shares. A shareholder may appoint another individual (who need not be a shareholder) as his or her proxy to attend and vote on his or her behalf. The proxies must fulfill the requirements set forth by the Chilean Corporate Law and its regulatory norms. Every shareholder entitled to attend and vote at a shareholders’ meeting has one vote for every share subscribed.
The following matters can only be considered at an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting:
•
our dissolution;
•
a merger, transformation, division or other change in our corporate form or the amendment of our by-laws;
•
the issuance of bonds or debentures convertible into shares;
•
the conveyance of 50% or more of our assets (whether or not it includes our liabilities);
•
the adoption or amendment of any business plan which contemplates the conveyance of assets in excess of the foregoing percentage;
•
the conveyance of 50% or more of the assets of a subsidiary, if the latter represents at least 20% of our assets;
•
the conveyance of shares of a subsidiary which entails the transfer of control;
•
granting of a security interest or a personal guarantee in each case to secure the obligations of third parties, unless to secure or guarantee the obligations of a subsidiary, in which case only the approval of the board of directors will suffice; and
•
other matters that require shareholder approval according to Chilean law or the by-laws.
The matters referred to in the first seven items listed above may only be approved at a meeting held before a notary public, who shall certify that the minutes are a true record of the events and resolutions of the meeting.
The by-laws establish that resolutions are passed at shareholders’ meetings by the affirmative vote of an absolute majority of those voting shares present or represented at the meeting. However, pursuant to the second paragraph of article 67 of the Chilean Corporation Act, the vote of a two-thirds majority of the outstanding voting shares is required to approve any of the following actions:
•
a change in our corporate form, division or merger with another entity;
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•
amendment to our term of existence, if any;
•
our early dissolution;
•
change in our corporate domicile;
•
decrease of our capital stock;
•
approval of contributions and the assessment thereof whenever consisting of assets other than money;
•
any modification of the authority reserved for the shareholders’ meetings or limitations on the powers of the board of directors;
•
decrease in the number of members of the board of directors;
•
the conveyance of 50% or more of our assets (whether or not it includes our liabilities);
•
the adoption or amendment of any business plan which contemplates the conveyance of assets in excess of the foregoing percentage;
•
the conveyance of 50% or more of the assets of a subsidiary, if the latter represents at least 20% of our assets;
•
the conveyance of shares of a subsidiary which entails the transfer of control;
•
the form that dividends are paid in;
•
granting a security interest or a personal guarantee in each case to secure obligations of third parties that exceeds 50% of our assets, unless to secure or guarantee the obligations of a subsidiary, in which case only approval of the board of directors will suffice;
•
the acquisition of our own shares, when, and on the terms and conditions, permitted by law;
•
all other matters provided for in the by-laws;
•
the correction of any formal defect in our incorporation or any amendment to our by-laws that refers to any of the matters indicated in the first 16 items listed above;
•
the institution of the right of the controlling shareholder who has purchased at least 95% of the shares to purchase shares of the outstanding minority shareholders pursuant to the procedure set forth in article 71 bis of the Chilean Corporation Act; and
•
the approval or ratification of transactions with related parties, as per article 147 of the Chilean Corporation Act (described above).
Pursuant to the third transitory article of LATAM’s by-laws, during a period of two years ending on November 3, 2024, all items referred to in the second paragraph of article 67 of the Chilean Corporation Act shall require the affirmative vote of at least 73% of the outstanding voting shares. Upon expiration of said term, this restriction shall automatically cease and the two-thirds majority contemplated in the second paragraph of said article 67 shall apply thereafter. Amendments to the by-laws that have the effect of establishing, modifying or eliminating any special rights pertaining to any series of shares require the consenting vote of holders of two-thirds of the shares of the affected series. As noted above, LATAM Airlines Group does not have a special series of shares.
In general, Chilean law does not require a publicly held corporation to provide the level and type of information that the U.S. securities laws require a reporting company to provide to its shareholders in connection with a solicitation of proxies. However, shareholders are entitled to examine the books of the company and its subsidiaries within the 15-day period before a scheduled meeting. No later than 10 days ahead of the scheduled shareholder’s meeting, the board of directors of a publicly held corporation is required to publish on its website certain information, including that related to the matters to be discussed in such a meeting together with instructions to obtain copies of the relevant supporting documents. The board is also required to make available to the shareholders the annual report and the financial statements of the company, and to publish such information in the company’s webpage at least 10 days in advance of the scheduled shareholders meeting. In addition to these requirements, we regularly have provided, and currently intend to continue to
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provide, together with the notice of shareholders’ meeting, a proposal for the final annual dividend for shareholder approval. See “-Dividend and Liquidation Rights,” below.
Chilean Corporate Law provides that, whenever shareholders representing 10% or more of the issued voting shares so request, a Chilean company’s annual report must include such shareholders’ comments and proposals in relation to the company’s affairs, together with the comments and proposals set forth by the board of directors’ committee. Similarly, Chilean Corporate Law provides that whenever the board of directors of a publicly held corporation convenes an ordinary meeting of the shareholders and solicits proxies for that meeting, or distributes information supporting its decisions or other similar material, it is obligated to include as an annex to its annual report any pertinent comments and proposals that may have been made by shareholders owning 10% or more of the company’s voting shares who have requested that such comments and proposals be included, together with the comments and proposals set forth by the board of directors’ committee.
Dividend and Liquidation Rights
In accordance with Chilean Corporate Law, LATAM Airlines Group must distribute an annual cash dividend equal to at least 30% of its annual net profits calculated in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards, unless otherwise decided by a unanimous vote of the holders of all issued shares, and unless and except to the extent it has accumulated losses. If there are no net profits in a given year, LATAM Airlines Group can elect but is not legally obligated to distribute dividends out of retained earnings. All outstanding common shares are entitled to share equally in all dividends declared by LATAM Airlines Group, except for the shares that have not been fully paid by the shareholder after being subscribed.
For all dividend distributions agreed by the board of directors in excess of the mandatory minimum of 30% noted in the preceding paragraph, LATAM Airlines Group may grant an option to its shareholders to receive those dividends in cash, or in shares issued by either LATAM Airlines Group or other public corporations. Shareholders who do not expressly elect to receive a dividend other than in cash are legally presumed to have decided to receive the dividend in cash. A U.S. holder of ADSs may, in the absence of an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or an available exemption from the registration requirement thereunder, effectively be required to receive a dividend in cash. See “-Preemptive Rights and Increases in Share Capital,” above
.
Dividends that are declared but not paid within the appropriate time period set forth in the Chilean Corporate Law (as to minimum dividends, 30 days after declaration; as to additional dividends, the date set for payment thereof at the time of declaration, provided, however, payment of additional dividends shall take place within the fiscal year in which they are declared) are adjusted to reflect the change in the value of the UF. The UF is a daily indexed, Chilean peso-denominated accounting unit designed to discount the effect of Chilean inflation and it is based on the previous month’s inflation rate as officially determined. Such dividends also accrue interest at the then-prevailing rate for UF-denominated deposits during such period. The right to receive a dividend lapses if it is not claimed within five years from the date such dividend is payable. After that period, the amount not claimed is given to a non-profit organization, the National Corporation of Firefighters (
Cuerpos de Bomberos de Chile
).
In the event of LATAM Airlines Group’s liquidation, the holders of fully paid common shares would participate pro rata in the distribution of assets remaining after payment of all creditors. Holders of shares not fully paid will participate in such distribution in proportion to the amount paid.
Approval of Financial Statements
The board of directors is required to submit our consolidated financial statements to the shareholders for their approval at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting. If the shareholders reject the financial statements, the board of directors must submit new financial statements no later than 60 days from the date of that meeting. If the shareholders reject the new financial statements, the entire board of directors is deemed removed from office and a new board is to be elected at the same meeting. Directors who approved such financial statements are disqualified for re-election for the ensuing period.
Right of Dissenting Shareholders to Tender Their Shares
Chilean Corporate Law provides that, upon the adoption at an extraordinary meeting of shareholders of any of the resolutions or if any of the situations enumerated below takes place, dissenting shareholders acquire the right to withdraw and to compel the company to repurchase their shares, subject to the fulfillment of certain terms and conditions. However, such right shall be suspended if we are a debtor in a bankruptcy liquidation proceeding, or if we are subject to a reorganization agreement approved in accordance with the Chilean Insolvency Act, unless such agreement allows the right
103
to withdraw, or unless it is terminated by the issuance of a liquidation resolution. In the case of holders of ADRs, however, in order to exercise such rights, holders of ADRs would be required to first withdraw the common shares represented by the ADRs pursuant to the terms of the deposit agreement. Such holders of ADRs would need to perfect the withdrawal of the common shares on or before the fifth business day prior to the date of the meeting.
“Dissenting shareholders” are defined as those who attend a shareholders’ meeting and vote against a resolution which results in the withdrawal right, or, if absent at such a meeting, those who state in writing to the company their opposition to such resolution within the following 30 days. Dissenting shareholders must perfect their withdrawal rights by tendering their stock to the company within thirty days after adoption of the resolution.
The price to be paid to a dissenting shareholder of a publicly held corporation is its market value. In the case of corporations which shares are actively traded on a stock exchange (
acciones con presencia bursátil
) pursuant to a General Rule issued by the CMF, the weighted average of the sales prices for the shares as reported on the Chilean stock exchanges on which the shares are quoted during the 60 stock-exchange-business-day period elapsed between the 30
th
and the 90
th
stock-exchange-business-days-preceding the shareholder resolution giving rise to the withdrawal right. If the shares of the corporation do not qualify as “actively traded” pursuant to the General Rules dictated by the CMF, the market price corresponds to the book value of the shares. Book value for this purpose equals paid capital plus reserves and profits, less losses, divided by the total number of subscribed and paid shares. For the purpose of making this calculation, the last balance sheet submitted to the CMF is used and adjusted to reflect inflation up to the date of the shareholders’ meeting that gave rise to the withdrawal right.
The resolutions and situations that result in a shareholder’s right to withdraw are the following:
•
the transformation of the company;
•
the merger of the company with or into another company;
•
the conveyance of 50% or more of the assets of the company, whether or not such sale includes the company’s liabilities;
•
the adoption or amendment of any business plan which contemplates the conveyance of assets in excess of the foregoing percentage;
•
the conveyance of 50% or more of the assets of a subsidiary, if the latter represents at least 20% of our assets;
•
the conveyance of shares of a subsidiary which entails the transfer of control, if the subsidiary represents at least 20% of our assets;
•
the creation of preferential rights for a class of shares or an extension, amendment or reduction to those already existing, in which case the right to withdraw only accrues to the dissenting shareholders of the class or classes of shares adversely affected;
•
the correction of any formal defect in the incorporation of the company or any amendment to the company’s by-laws that grants the right to withdraw;
•
the granting of security interests or personal guarantees to secure or guarantee third parties’ obligations exceeding 50% of the company’s assets, except with regard to subsidiaries;
•
if the CMF approves de-registering the shares of a publicly held corporation in the Securities Registry of the CMF, as resolved by the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting;
•
if the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting resolves to close a publicly held corporation, in the event that the CMF had previously de-registered its shares in the Securities Registry of the CMF as a consequence of a sanctioning administrative process;
•
if the controlling shareholder of a publicly-traded company reaches over 95% of the shares (in such case, the right must be exercised within 30 days of the date in which the threshold is reached, circumstance that must be communicated by means of a publication); and
•
such other causes as may be established by the company’s by-laws (no such additional resolutions currently are specified in our by-laws).
104
In addition, shareholders of publicly held corporations have the right to withdraw if a person acquires two-thirds or more of the outstanding shares of such corporation with the right to vote (except as a result of other shareholders not having subscribed and paid a capital increase) and does not make a tender offer for the remaining shares within 30 days after acquisition.
Under article 69 bis of the Chilean Corporation Act, the right to withdraw also is granted to shareholders (other than pension funds that administer private pension plans under the national pension law), under certain terms and conditions, if a company were to become controlled by the Chilean government, directly or through any of its agencies, and if two independent rating agencies downgrade the rating of its stock from first class because of certain actions specified in Article 69 bis undertaken by the company or the Chilean government that affect negatively and substantially the earnings of the company. Shareholders must perfect their withdrawal rights by tendering their shares to the company within 30 days of the date of the publication of the new rating by two independent rating agencies. If the withdrawal right is exercised by a shareholder invoking Article 69 bis, the price paid to the dissenting shareholder shall be the weighted average of the sales price for the shares as reported on the stock exchanges on which the company’s shares are quoted for the six-month period preceding the publication of the new rating by two independent rating agencies. If, as previously described, the CMF determines that the shares are not actively traded on a stock exchange, the price shall be the book value calculated as described above.
There is no legal precedent as to whether a shareholder that has voted both for and against a proposal (such as the depositary) may exercise withdrawal rights with respect to the shares voted against the proposal. As such, there is doubt as to whether holders of ADRs who have not surrendered their ADRs and withdrawn common shares on or before the fifth business day prior to the shareholder meeting will be able to exercise withdrawal rights either directly or through the depositary with respect to the shares represented by ADRs. Under the provisions of the deposit agreement the depositary will not exercise these withdrawal rights.
The circumstance indicated above regarding ownership in excess of 95% by the controlling shareholder creates not only a withdrawal right for the remaining minority shareholders, but as of January 1, 2010, it could also potentially create a “squeeze out” right by the controlling shareholder with respect to those same shareholders (granting a call option by means of which the controlling shareholder may buy-out the existing ownership participations) pursuant to the provisions of article 71 bis of the Corporation Act. However, the “squeeze out” right would apply to the extent expressly contemplated in the by-laws of the corporation, and only with respect to the shares acquired by a shareholder during the effectiveness of such provision in the by-laws of the corporation. LATAM’s by-laws currently do not contemplate a “squeeze out”.
Registration and Transfers
DCV Registros S.A.
(“DCV”), a local depository corporation, acts as LATAM Airlines Group’s registration agent. In the case of jointly owned common shares, an attorney-in-fact must be appointed to represent the joint owners in dealings with us.
C.
Material Contracts
Table of Material Contracts for the Purchase of Aircraft
| Agreement | Date | Aircraft (number purchased) |
Estimated
Gross Value of Aircraft at List Price |
|||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 787-8/9 Fleet | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase Agreement No. 3256 with the Boeing Company | October 29, 2007 | ⮚ Boeing 787-8 aircrafts (18) | US$ | 3,200,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Boeing 787-9 aircrafts (8) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Option of purchasing fifteen additional aircraft to be delivered in 2017 and 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||
105
| Agreement | Date | Aircraft (number purchased) |
Estimated
Gross Value of Aircraft at List Price |
|||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | March 22, 2010 | ⮚ Advance scheduled delivery date of ten Boeing 787-8 aircraft and substitute four Boeing 787-9 aircraft into four Boeing 787-8 aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 3 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | August 24, 2012 | ⮚ Replace two Boeing 787-8 aircraft with two Boeing 787-8 aircraft with a later delivery. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Delay Settlement Agreement to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | September 16, 2013 | ⮚ Agreed to update delivery dates, settle consequences of delays and convert several future deliveries of B787-8 aircraft to B787-9 aircraft. This agreement was amended on April 22, 2015 to update delivery dates of certain aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 4 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | April 22, 2015 | ⮚ Reschedule the delivery dates of four Boeing 787-8 aircraft and replace four Boeing 787-8 aircraft with four Boeing 787-9 aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 6 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | May 27, 2016 | ⮚ Convert four Model 787-8 Aircraft to four Model 787-9 Aircraft, and Defer of two Model 787-9 Aircraft from 1Q 2018 and 2Q 2018 to 3Q 2018 and 4Q 2018 respectively. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 13 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | July 3, 2019 | ⮚ To include certain letter agreements | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 14 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | October 11, 2019 | ⮚ Reschedule the delivery dates of four Boeing 787-8 aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 15 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | October 11, 2019 | ⮚ To incorporate Exhibit A1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 16 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | October 11, 2019 | ⮚ Deferral of PDPs. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 17 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | February 17, 2020 | ⮚ To include certain letter agreements. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 18 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | April 29, 2021 | ⮚ Covering the cancellation of the delivery of four Boeing 787-9 aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 787 Settlement Agreement | June 17, 2022 | ⮚ Agreed to update delivery dates and settle certain consequences. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 19 to the Purchase Agreement No. 3256 | August 30, 2023 | ⮚ Incremental order of 5 additional Boeing 787 Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320-Family Fleet | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement with Airbus S.A.S. | March 20, 1998 | ⮚ Airbus A320-Family aircrafts (5) | US$ | 230,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Agreement | Date | Aircraft (number purchased) |
Estimated
Gross Value of Aircraft at List Price |
|||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 1 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | November 14, 2003 | ⮚ Exercise three purchase rights for Airbus 319 aircraft, among other things. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 2 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | October 4, 2005 | ⮚ Acquire 25 additional Airbus 320 family aircraft and 15 purchase rights for Airbus A320-Family aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 3 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | March 6, 2007 | ⮚ Exercise 15 purchase rights for 15 Airbus A320-Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ According to clause 12.2 of the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement, applicable to all subsequent amendments, in case of a failure, as defined in such agreement, a service life policy for a period of 12 years after delivery of any given aircraft shall apply. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 5 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | December 23, 2009 | ⮚ Airbus A320-Family aircrafts (30) | US$ | 2,000,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 6 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | May 10, 2010 | ⮚ Convert the aircraft type of three aircraft and advance the scheduled delivery date of 13 aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 8 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | September 23, 2010 | ⮚ Convert the aircraft type of one aircraft and advance the scheduled delivery date of four aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 9 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | December 21, 2010 | ⮚ Airbus A320-Family aircrafts (50) | US$ | 2,600,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 10 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | June 10, 2011 | ⮚ Convert the aircraft type of three aircraft, to select sharklets for some aircraft and to notify delivery dates for some aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 11 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | November 3, 2011 | ⮚ Convert the aircraft type of three aircraft and defer the scheduled delivery date of four aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 12 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | November 19, 2012 | ⮚ Convert the aircraft type of three aircraft, identify certain aircraft as Sharklet Installed Aircraft and others as Sharklet Capable Aircraft, as those are defined in such Purchase Agreement, and notify the scheduled delivery month for certain aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 13 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | August 19, 2013 | ⮚ Convert several A320 aircraft to A321 aircraft and to postpone the scheduled delivery dates of several aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 16 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | July 15, 2014 | ⮚ Covering cancellation and substitution of certain Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
107
| Agreement | Date | Aircraft (number purchased) |
Estimated
Gross Value of Aircraft at List Price |
|||||||||||||||||
| Novation Agreement to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | October 30, 2014 | ⮚ Novation of the original TAM A320/A330 Family Purchase Agreement from TAM to LATAM. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 17 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | December 11, 2014 | ⮚ Covering the substitution of certain Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 18 to the Second A320-Family Purchase Agreement | August 4, 2021 | ⮚ Covering the postponement of certain relevant deadlines. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320 NEO-Family Fleet | ||||||||||||||||||||
| A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | June 22, 2011 | ⮚ Airbus 320 NEO Family aircraft (20) | US$ | 1,700,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Delivery scheduled to take place in 2017 and 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 1 to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | February 27, 2014 | ⮚ Covering the advancement of the date by which LATAM selects the propulsion systems. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 2 to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | July 15, 2014 | ⮚ Covering the order of incremental A320 NEO Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 3 to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | December 11, 2014 | ⮚ Covering the order of incremental A320 NEO Aircraft and A321 NEO Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 4 to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | April 15, 2016 | ⮚ Covering the reschedule of the delivery of eight Original NEO Aircraft and the conversion of four Original NEO Aircraft into A321 NEO Aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 5 to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | April 15, 2016 | ⮚ Changes in the technical specifications of the aircraft to be received under this agreement. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 6 to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | August 8, 2016 | ⮚ Covering the cancellation of the delivery of four A320 NEO Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 7 to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | September 22, 2017 | ⮚ Covering the rescheduling of certain A320 NEO Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 8 to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | December 21, 2018 | ⮚ Covering the rescheduling of certain A320 NEO Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 9 to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | August 4, 2021 | ⮚ Covering the rescheduling of certain A320 NEO Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 10 to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement | August 17, 2023 | ⮚ Covering the rescheduling of certain A320 NEO Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Material Contracts – A320/A330 Family Purchase Agreement | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase Agreement with Airbus S.A.S. | November 2006 | ⮚ Airbus A320-Family aircrafts (31) | US$ | 3,300,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Airbus A330-200 aircrafts (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Delivery was scheduled to take place between 2007 and 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| New Purchase Agreement with Airbus S.A.S. | January 2008 | ⮚ Airbus A320-Family aircrafts (20) | US$ | 2,140,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
108
| Agreement | Date | Aircraft (number purchased) |
Estimated
Gross Value of Aircraft at List Price |
|||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Airbus A330-200 aircrafts (4) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Delivery was scheduled to take place between 2007 and 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| New Purchase Agreement with Airbus S.A.S. | July 2010 | ⮚ Airbus A320-Family aircrafts (20) | US$ | 1,450,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Delivery was scheduled to take place between 2014 and 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| New Purchase Agreement with Airbus S.A.S. | October 2011 | ⮚ Airbus A320-Family aircrafts (10) | US$ | 1,730,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Airbus A320 NEO Family aircrafts (22) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Delivery scheduled to take place between 2016 and 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Ten option rights for Airbus A320 NEO Family aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 13 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | November 2012 | ⮚ Convert the aircraft type of A320 family aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 14 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | December 2012 | ⮚ Convert the aircraft type of an A320 family aircraft and reschedule the delivery date of such aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 15 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | February 2013 | ⮚ Changes to the scheduled delivery month of certain A320 Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 16 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | February 2013 | ⮚ Change to the aircraft type of certain A320 Family Aircraft, to the scheduled delivery month/quarter of certain A320 Family Aircraft and make certain changes to the dates by which TAM will select the propulsion systems and NEO propulsion systems for certain Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 17 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | August 2013 | ⮚ Change to the scheduled delivery month of a certain A320 Family Aircraft and to make the selection of the propulsion systems and NEO propulsion systems for certain Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 20 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | June 2015 | ⮚ Change to the schedule delivery month of one A321 Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 21 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | December 2015 | ⮚ Change to the schedule delivery month of two A320 NEO Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 23 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | April 15, 2016 | ⮚ Reflect the changes in the technical specifications of the aircraft to be received under this agreement. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 24 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | August 8, 2016 | ⮚ Cancel the delivery of eight A320 NEO Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
109
| Agreement | Date | Aircraft (number purchased) |
Estimated
Gross Value of Aircraft at List Price |
|||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 26 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | December 21, 2018 | ⮚ Rescheduled delivery of five A320 NEO Aircraft and eleven A321 NEO Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Cancel the delivery of one A321 Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 27 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | August 4, 2021 | ⮚ Incremental order of 28 additional A320 NEO Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Rescheduling of certain A320 NEO Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 28 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | July 20, 2022 | ⮚ Incremental order of 17 additional A320 NEO Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Rescheduling and type conversion of certain A320 NEO Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 29 to the A320/A330 Purchase Agreement | August 2023 | ⮚ Incremental order of 13 additional A320 NEO Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Rescheduling of certain A320 NEO Family Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Material Contracts - A350 Family Purchase Agreement | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase Agreement with Airbus S.A.S. | January 2008 | ⮚ Airbus A350 aircrafts (22) | US$ | 6,480,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Ten option rights for Airbus A350 aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 1 to the A350 Purchase Agreement | July 2010 | ⮚ Exercise its option of five A350 XWB options. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 2 to the A350 Purchase Agreement | July 2014 | ⮚ Reschedule the delivery of certain A350-900XWB and to amend certain provisions to reflect the latest aircraft specification. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Novation Agreement to the A350 Purchase Agreement | July 2014 | ⮚ Novating the A350 purchase agreement from TAM to LATAM. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 4 to the A350 Purchase Agreement | September 2015 | ⮚ Modify certain terms and conditions of such agreement and to convert a number of A350-900 XWB Aircraft into A350-1000 XWB Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 5 to the A350 Purchase Agreement | November 2015 | ⮚ Convert a number of A350-900 XWB aircraft into six A350-1000 XWB aircraft and to reschedule the delivery of certain A350-900 XWB. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 7 to the A350 Purchase Agreement | August 8, 2016 | ⮚ Change aircraft type, from two A350-900 XWB Aircraft to two A350 - 1000 XWB Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 9 to the A350 Purchase Agreement | September 22, 2017 | ⮚ Convert two A350-1000 XWB Aircraft into A350-900 XWB Aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||
110
| Agreement | Date | Aircraft (number purchased) |
Estimated
Gross Value of Aircraft at List Price |
|||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 10 to the A350 Purchase Agreement | December 21, 2018 | ⮚ Convert four A350-1000 XWB Aircraft into A350-900 XWB Aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ⮚ Reschedule of six A350-900 XWB Aircraft and eight A350-1000 XWB. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 11 to the A350 Purchase Agreement | April 29, 2019 | ⮚ Reschedule of two A350-900 XWB Aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 12 to the A350 Purchase Agreement | August 5, 2019 | ⮚ Reschedule of one A350-900 XWB Aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||
| Termination Agreement in respect of the A350 Purchase Agreement | August 4, 2021 | ⮚ Cancellation of 2 remaining deliveries of A350-1000 XWB Aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||
TAM Material Contracts - Boeing 777 Purchase Agreement
| Agreement | Date | Aircraft (number purchased) |
Estimated
Gross Value of Aircraft at List Price |
|||||||||||||||||
| Purchase Agreement with Boeing | February 2007 | ⮚ Boeing 777-32WER aircrafts (4) | US$ | 1,070,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement | August 2007 | ⮚ Exercise four option aircraft and to define certain aircraft configuration. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 2 to the Purchase Agreement | March 2008 | ⮚ Document its agreement on the descriptions and pricing of some options and master changes related to certain aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 3 to the Purchase Agreement | December 2008 | ⮚ Purchase of two incremental 777 aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 5 to the Purchase Agreement | July 2010 | ⮚ Reschedule the delivery of certain aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 6 to the Purchase Agreement | February 2011 | ⮚ Purchase of two incremental 777 aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 7 to the Purchase Agreement | May 2014 | ⮚ Substitute two 777-300ER aircraft originally scheduled for delivery in 2014 for two 777-F aircraft for scheduled delivery in 2017. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 8 to the Purchase Agreement | April 2015 | ⮚ Reschedule the delivery of certain aircraft. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 11 to the Purchase Agreement | October 11, 2019 | ⮚ Option to cancel two Aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 12 to the Purchase Agreement | February 3, 2020 | ⮚ Cancellation of one Aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Agreement No. 13 to the Purchase Agreement | April 29, 2021 | ⮚ Cancellation of one Aircraft | ||||||||||||||||||
111
Other Material Contracts
Boeing
On May 9, 1997, we entered into the Aircraft General Terms Agreement with The Boeing Company (“AGTA”), applicable to all Boeing aircraft contracted for purchase from The Boeing Company.
Boeing Aircraft Holding Company
On May 8, 2018, we also entered into an Aircraft Lease Common Terms Agreement with The Boeing Aircraft Holding Company for the lease of two Boeing 777-200ER aircraft. The average term of the lease is 12 months.
Airbus A320-Family Fleet
Between April and August 2011, we entered into Buyback Agreements No. 3001, 3030, 3062, 3214 and 3216 with Airbus Financial Services for the sale of five A318 aircraft for approximately US$107 million.
Between August 2012 and January 2013, we entered into Buyback Agreements No. 3371, 3390, 3438, 3469 and 3509 with Airbus Financial Services for the sale of five A318 aircraft for approximately US$102 million.
Aercap Holdings N.V.
On May 28, 2013, we entered into a framework deed with Aercap Holdings N.V. for the sale and leaseback of several used A330-200 aircraft, which were returned to the lessor, and several new aircraft to be received from the manufacturer including Airbus 350-900, Boeing 787-8 and Boeing 787-9 aircraft. The estimated gross value (at list prices) of these aircraft is US$3.0 billion.
On February 25, 2022, we entered into lease agreements with Bank of Utah, not in its individual capacity but solely in its capacity as owner trustee (all having AerCap Group acting as a servicer) for the lease of six A321neo to be delivered in 2023 and 2024. Also, on March 31, 2022, we entered into lease agreements with Bank of Utah, not in its individual capacity but solely in its capacity as owner trustee (all having AerCap Group acting as a servicer) for the lease of two additional A321neo to be delivered in 2024. These lease agreements are for a duration of twelve years.
On March 02, 2023, we entered into lease agreements with Bank of Utah, not in its individual capacity but solely in its capacity as owner trustee (all having AerCap Group acting as a servicer) for the lease of four B787-9 to be delivered in 2025. These lease agreements are for a duration of twelve years.
Aircastle Holding Corporation Limited
On February 21, 2014, we entered into a framework deed with Aircastle Holding Corporation Limited for the lease of four Boeing 777-300ER already in the fleet. The four aircraft were manufactured in 2012 and the estimated market value (at list prices) of these aircraft is US$580 million. The average term of the original leases were 60 months, and the agreement was extended for another 84 months.
One of the four aircraft has been sold in July 2019 and is no longer part of such framework deed with Aircastle, but the aircraft remains in our fleet with a different lessor.
On January 11, 2019, we entered into lease agreements with Aircastle for the lease of 10 A320 aircraft. The lease agreements are for a duration of approximately seven to eight years.
GE Commercial Aviation
On April 30, 2007, we also entered into an Aircraft Lease Common Terms Agreement with GE Commercial Aviation Services Limited and two Aircraft Lease Agreements with Wells Fargo Bank Northwest N.A., as owner trustee, for the lease of two Boeing Boeing 777-200LRF aircraft. These aircraft were delivered in 2009 and the leases shall remain in place for a term of 96 months.
112
GE Engine Services LLC
On June 12, 2014, we (and TAM Linhas Aereas S.A.) entered into engine services agreement with GE Engine Services, LLC and GE Celma Ltda. for the provision of maintenance services of CF6-80C2B6F engines (which powers our Boeing 767 fleet) during 200 shop visits or 10 years, whichever occurs first.
On June 18, 2021, we entered into an engine services agreement with GE Engine Services, LLC for the provision of maintenance services of GE90-115BL engines, which power 10 Boeing 777 passenger fleet and 3 spare engines, for a period of 6 years.
CFM International
On December 17, 2010, we entered into General Terms Agreement No. CFM-1-2377460475 (the “GTA”) and Letter Agreement No. 1 to GTA with CFM International, Inc. (“CFM”) for the sale and support by CFM of CFM56-5B engines to power 70 A320-family aircraft and up to 14 CFM56-5B spare engines. On the same date, we entered into a Rate Per Flight Hour Engine Shop Maintenance Services Agreement with CFM for the provision by CFM of maintenance services for the above-mentioned installed and spare engines.
On December 31, 2014, we entered Letter Agreement No. 2 to GTA with CFM for the sale and support by CFM of CFM56-5B engines to power 20 A320-family aircraft and one spare engine.
On March 15, 2006, TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. entered into an engine services agreement with GE Celma Ltda. for the provision of maintenance services for CFM56-5B engines, which power 47 A320-family passenger fleet and 6 spare engines, for a period of 15 years per engine.
PW1100G-JM Engine Maintenance Agreement
In February 2014, we entered into an engine support and maintenance agreement with United Technologies International Corporation, Pratt Whitney Division (“PW”) for the sale, support and maintenance by PW of PW1100G-JM engines to power 42 A320neo-family aircraft and nine spare engines. It is also a rate per engine flight hour contract agreement, which includes cost control mechanisms for LATAM.
On April 30, 2015, PW assigned the agreement described above to International Aero Engines, LLC.
On November 22, 2022, we entered into Amendment 7 to the above-mentioned services agreement with International Aero Engines, LLC, for the sale and support by IAE of PW1100 engines to power additional A320neo-family aircraft and additional option aircraft, and additional PW1100 spare engines.
Rolls-Royce PLC Rolls-Royce TotalCare Services Limited
On September 30, 2009, we entered into General Terms Agreement No. DEG5307 (the “GTA”) with Rolls-Royce PLC for the sale and support by Rolls-Royce of Trent 1000 engines to power 32 Boeing 787 family aircraft and up to 10 Trent 1000 spare engines. On the same date, we entered into a Rate Per Flight Hour Engine Shop Maintenance Services Agreement with Rolls-Royce TotalCare Services Limited for the provision by Rolls-Royce of maintenance services for the above-mentioned installed and spare engines, for a period of 15 years per engine.
On December 1, 2021, we entered into Amendment 7 to the above-mentioned services agreement with Rolls-Royce PLC, for the sale and support by Rolls-Royce of Trent 1000 engines to power 28 Boeing 787 family aircraft and additional option aircraft, and up to 13 Trent 1000 spare engines.
International Aero Engines AG
On October 12, 2006, we entered into an engine services agreement with IAE International Aero Engines AG for the provision of maintenance services of V2500-A5 engines, which power 53 A320-family passenger fleet and 9 spare engines, for a period of 12 years per engine.
On October 21, 2010, TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. entered into an engine services agreement with IAE International Aero Engines AG for the provision of maintenance services of V2500-A5 engines, which power 26 A320-family passenger fleet and 7 spare engines, for a period of 12 years per engine.
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CFM International
On June 29, 2016, we entered into a Rate Per Flight Hour Agreement for Engine Shop Maintenance Services with CFM International, Inc., covering the maintenance, repair and overhaul of certain CFM56-5B engines.
On December 22 2023, LATAM and TAM entered into a seventh amendment to the above-mentioned services agreement with CFM International, Inc. and GE Celma Ltda., incorporating all engines out of their original contract for an additional period of coverage.
Avolon Aerospace
On September 8, 2017, we entered into a lease agreement with Avolon Aerospace for the Sale and Leaseback of five A320neo aircraft. The estimated market value of these aircraft is US$ 241,000,000. The average term of the leases is 144 months.
On January 16, 2018, we entered into a lease agreement with Avolon Aerospace of two A321-200 aircraft. The estimated market value of these aircraft is US$ 88,600,000. The average term of the lease is 124 months.
On September 9, 2021, we entered into lease agreements with Avolon for the lease of three 787-9. The lease agreements are for a duration of approximately thirteen years.
Vermillion Aviation
On September 3, 2019, we entered into lease agreements with Vermillion Aviation (Two) Limited (all having Vermillion Aviation Holdings Ireland Limited as servicer) for the lease of four A320 aircraft. The lease agreements are for a duration of approximately seven and eight years.
On February 1, 2021, we entered into additional lease agreements for the lease of two additional A320 aircraft with Vermillion Aviation (Nine) Limited (all having AMCK Aviation Holdings Ireland Limited acting as a servicer) for a duration of approximately nine years.
Sky Aero Management/ Dubai Aerospace Entreprise (DAE) Ltd.
On February 16, 2022, we entered into lease agreements with SFV Aircraft Holdings IRE 7 DAC, SFV Aircraft Holdings IRE 8 DAC and SFI Aircraft Holdings IX Designated Activity Company (all having Sky Aero Management acting as a servicer) for the lease of ten A320neo aircraft to be delivered on 2022, 2023 and 2024. The lease agreements are for a duration of twelve years.
In December 2022, four of the ten aircraft changed the servicer for Dubai Aerospace Entreprise (DAE) Ltd.
VMO Aircraft Leasing Ireland Service Co
On March 5, 2021, we entered into lease agreements with Wilmington Trust Company, not in its individual capacity but solely in its capacity as owner trustee, (all having VMO Aircraft Leasing Ireland Service Co. acting as a servicer) for the lease of eleven A321 aircraft. On April 23, 2021, we entered into lease agreements with UMB Bank N.A. not in its individual capacity but solely in its capacity as owner trustee (all having VMO Aircraft Leasing Ireland Service Co. acting as a servicer) for the lease of four 787-9 aircraft. The lease agreements are for a duration of approximately nine to ten years.
In July 2022, we entered into lease agreements for the lease of two Airbus A321-271NX aircraft with UMB Bank N.A. not in its individual capacity but solely in its capacity as owner trustee (all having Avolon Aerospace Leasing Limited acting as a servicer) for a duration of approximately 12 years.
In October 2022, we entered into lease agreements for the lease of two additional Boeing 787 aircraft with UMB Bank N.A. not in its individual capacity but solely in its capacity as owner trustee (all having VMO Aircraft Leasing Ireland Service Co. acting as a servicer) for a duration of approximately twelve years.
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SABRE Contract
On May 4, 2015, we entered into a Master Services License Agreement with SABRE Inc. Pursuant to this agreement SABRE Inc., will grant LATAM access and use of certain reservation systems. This agreement will be effective for an initial period of 10 years.
In addition, LATAM has distribution agreements in place with SABRE as well as with other distribution providers. On May 1, 2020 we entered into a new Sabre Participant Carrier Distribution and Services Agreement. This agreement will be effective for successive 1-year periods until terminated anytime by either party upon at least 180 days’ notice.
AMADEUS Contract
On May 1, 2020, we entered into the Amended and Restated Addendum to the Global Distribution Agreement for Full Content and Channel Parity with Amadeus, an agreement effective for an initial period of two years. On January 14, 2021, LATAM rejected this contract, as part of its Chapter 11 proceedings, which took effect on March 1, 2021. Notwithstanding the foregoing, on March 12, 2021 LATAM and Amadeus entered into a new Amended and Restated Addendum to the Global Distribution Agreement for Full Content and Channel Parity. This Addendum will be automatically renewed for periods of one year, until terminated anytime upon at least 90 days’ notice.
TRAVELPORT Contract
On June 1, 2021, we entered into the Content Amendment to the Travelport International Global Airline Distribution Agreements. This Addendum will be automatically renewed for periods of one year, until terminated anytime upon at least 90 days’ notice before the end of any Additional Term.
V2500-A5 Engine Maintenance Service Agreement
In 2020, LATAM together with TAM entered into an Engine Maintenance Services Agreement with MTU Maintenance Hannover GmBH, for the maintenance of certain V2500 engines.
CFM56-5B Engine Maintenance Contract
In March 2006, TAM entered into a services agreement with GE Celma, a Brazilian subsidiary of General Electric Engine Services division, for the maintenance by GE Celma of CFM56-5B engines to power 25 A320-family aircraft and four spare engines.
In March 2007 TAM entered into the Amendment 1 to the above-mentioned services agreement with GE Celma, extending the maintenance services to the engines powering additional 16 A320-family aircraft and two spare engines.
Petrobras
In July 2021, we entered into an Aviation Fuel Supply Agreement with Petrobras Distribuidora S.A. and a local agreement for services in Brazil. These Agreements will be effective until June 30, 2024.
World Fuel Services
In October 2006, we entered into an Aviation Fuel Supply Agreement with World Fuel Services INC. Later we entered into local agreements for services in Chile, México, Colombia and USA. These Agreements will be effective until December 31, 2023.
Air BP-Copec
In December 2021, we entered into an Aviation Fuel Supply Agreement with Air BP Copec S.A. for services in Chile. These Agreements will be effective until January 31, 2023. An extension until April 30, 2023 has been agreed until new conditions are negotiated.
Repsol
In January 2023, we entered into an Aviation Fuel Supply Agreement with Repsol Marketing SAC and related companies. The agreement includes a local agreement for services in Peru valid until December 31, 2023.
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General Electric Company, GE Engine Services Distribution LLC GE Engine Services LLC
On December 1, 2023, we entered into a General Terms Agreement No. 1-1057041 with General Electric Company and GE Engine Services Distribution, LLC (jointly referred as “GE”) for the sale and support by GE of GEnx engines to power 9 Boeing 787-9 aircraft, additional option aircraft and spare engines. On the same date, we entered into a TrueChoice
TM
Engine Service Agreement with GE Engine Services, LLC for the provision by GE Engine Services, LLC of maintenance services for the above-mentioned installed and spare engines.
D.
Exchange Controls
Foreign Investment and Exchange Controls in Chile
The Central Bank of Chile is responsible, among other things, for monetary policies and exchange controls in Chile. Equity investments, including investments in shares of stock by persons who are non-Chilean residents, have been generally subject in the past to various exchange control regulations restricting the repatriation of their investments and the earnings thereon.
Article 47 of the Central Bank Act and former Chapter XXVI of the Central Bank Foreign Exchange Regulations regulated the foreign exchange aspects of the issuance of ADSs by a Chilean company until April 2001. According to former Chapter XXVI, the Central Bank of Chile and the depositary had to enter into an agreement in order to gain access to the formal exchange market. The issuers of the shares underlying the ADSs and the custodian could also be parties to these agreements.
On April 16, 2001, the Central Bank of Chile agreed that, effective April 19, 2001:
•
prior foreign exchange restrictions would be eliminated; and
•
a new Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations (
Compendio de Normas de Cambios Internacionales
) would be applied
The main objective of these amendments, as declared by the Central Bank of Chile, is to facilitate movement of capital in and out of Chile and to encourage foreign investment.
In connection with the change in policy, the Central Bank of Chile eliminated the following restrictions:
•
a reserve requirement with the Central Bank of Chile for a period of one year (this mandatory reserve was imposed on foreign loans and funds brought into Chile to purchase shares other than those acquired in the establishment of a new company or in the capital increase of the issuing company; the reserve requirement was gradually decreased from 30% of the proposed investment to 0%);
•
the requirement of prior approval by the Central Bank of Chile for certain operations;
•
mandatory return of foreign currency to Chile;
•
mandatory conversion of foreign currency into Chilean pesos;
•
Under the new regulations, only the following limitations apply to these operations:
•
the Central Bank of Chile must be provided with information related to certain operations; and
•
certain operations must be conducted with the Formal Exchange Market.
The Central Bank of Chile also eliminated Chapter XXVI of the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations, which regulated the establishment of an ADR facility by a Chilean company. Pursuant to the new rules, it is no longer necessary to seek the Central Bank of Chile’s prior approval in order to establish an ADR facility or to enter into a foreign investment contract with the Central Bank of Chile.
However, all contracts executed under the provisions of former Chapter XXVI (including the foreign investment contract among LATAM Airlines Group, the Central Bank of Chile and the ADS depositary, or the “Foreign Investment Contract”), remained in full force and effect and continued to be governed by the provisions, and continued to be subject to the restrictions, set forth in former Chapter XXVI at the time of its abrogation. Our Foreign Investment Contract
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guaranteed ADS investors access to the Formal Exchange Market to convert amounts from Chilean pesos into U.S. dollars and repatriate amounts received with respect to deposited common shares or common shares withdrawn from deposit or surrender of ADRs (including amounts received as cash dividends and proceeds from the sale in Chile of the underlying common shares and any rights arising from them).
On May 10, 2007, the Board of the Central Bank of Chile resolved to interpret the regulations regarding the former Chapter XXVI in connection with the access granted to the Formal Exchange Market. These regulations allowed entities that carry out capital increases by means of the issuance of cash shares before August 31, 2007 to apply the aforementioned regulation to their capital increases, but only once and only if those shares can be fully subscribed and paid by August 31, 2008, among other conditions. Consequently, capital increases carried out after August 31, 2007 will have no guaranteed access to the Formal Exchange Market.
On October 17, 2012, the Central Bank of Chile, the depositary and LATAM Airlines Group entered into a termination agreement in respect of LATAM’s existing foreign investment contract. ADR holders were notified about this termination in accordance with Section 16 of the Deposit Agreement. Upon termination of the foreign investment contract, holders of ADSs and the depositary no longer have guaranteed access to the Formal Exchange Market. Currently, the ADS facility is governed by Chapter XIV of the Compendium on “Regulations applicable to Credits, Deposits, Investments and Capital Contributions from Abroad.” According to Chapter XIV, the establishment or maintenance of an ADS facility is regarded as an ordinary foreign investment, and it is not necessary to seek the Central Bank of Chile’s prior approval in order to establish an ADS facility. The establishment or maintenance of an ADS facility only requires that the Central Bank of Chile be informed of the transaction, and that the foreign currency transactions related thereby be conducted through the Formal Exchange Market.
Investment in Our Shares and ADRs
Currently, investments made by foreign investors in shares of our common stock are subject to the following requirements:
•
any foreign investor acquiring shares of our common stock who brought funds into Chile for that purpose must bring those funds through an entity participating in the Formal Exchange Market;
•
any foreign investor acquiring shares of our common stock to be converted into ADSs or deposited into an ADR program who brought funds into Chile for that purpose must bring those funds through an entity participating in the Formal Exchange Market;
•
in both cases, the entity of the Formal Exchange Market through which the funds are brought into Chile must report such investment to the Central Bank of Chile;
•
all remittances of funds from Chile to the foreign investor upon the sale of the acquired shares of our common stock or from dividends or other distributions made in connection therewith must be made through the Formal Exchange Market;
•
all remittances of funds from Chile to the foreign investor upon the sale of shares underlying ADSs or from dividends or other distributions made in connection therewith must be made through the Formal Exchange Market; and
•
all remittances of funds made to the foreign investor must be reported to the Central Bank of Chile by the intervening entity of the Formal Exchange Market.
When funds are brought into Chile for a purpose other than to acquire shares to convert them into ADSs or deposit them into an ADR program and subsequently such funds are used to acquire shares to be converted into ADSs or deposited into an ADR program such investment must be reported to the Central Bank of Chile by the custodian within 10 days following the end of each month within which the custodian is obligated to deliver periodic reports to the Central Bank of Chile.
When funds to acquire shares of our common stock or to acquire shares to convert them into ADSs or deposit them into an ADR program are received by us abroad (i.e., outside of Chile), such investment must be reported to the Central Bank of Chile directly by the foreign investor or by an entity participating in the Formal Exchange Market within ten days following the end of the month in which the investment was made.
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All payments in foreign currency in connection with our shares of common stock or ADSs made from Chile through the Formal Exchange Market must be reported to the Central Bank of Chile by the entity participating in the transaction. In the event there are payments made outside of Chile, the foreign investor must provide the relevant information to the Central Bank of Chile directly or through an entity of the Formal Exchange Market within the first ten calendar days of the month following the date on which the payment was made.
There can be no assurance that additional Chilean restrictions applicable to the holders of ADSs, the disposition of shares of our common shares underlying ADSs or the conversion or repatriation of the proceeds from such disposition will not be imposed in the future, nor can we assess the duration or impact of such restriction if imposed.
This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified by reference to Chapter XIV of the Central Bank of Chile’s Foreign Exchange Regulations, a copy of which is available in Spanish and English versions at the Central Bank’s website at www.bcentral.cl.
Voting Rights
Holders of our ADSs, which represent common shares, may instruct the depositary to vote the shares underlying their ADRs. If we ask holders for instructions, the depositary will notify such holders of the upcoming vote and arrange to deliver our voting materials to such holders. The materials will describe the matters to be voted on and explain how holders may instruct the depositary to vote the shares or other deposited securities underlying their ADSs as they direct by a specified date. For instructions to be valid, the depositary must receive them on or before the date specified as “Vote Cut-Off Date.” The depositary will try, as far as practical, subject to Chilean law and the provisions of our by-laws, to vote or to have its agents vote the shares or other deposited securities as holders instruct. Otherwise, holders will not be able to exercise their right to vote unless they withdraw the shares. However, holders may not know about the meeting far enough in advance to withdraw the shares. We will use our best efforts to request that the depositary notify holders of upcoming votes and ask for their instructions.
If the depositary does not receive voting instructions from a holder by the specified date, it will consider such holder to have authorized and directed it to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by our board of directors to vote the number of deposited securities represented by such holder’s ADSs. The depositary will give a discretionary proxy in those circumstances to vote on all questions to be voted upon unless we notify the depositary that:
•
we do not wish to receive a discretionary proxy;
•
we think there is substantial opposition to the particular question; or
•
we think the particular question would have an adverse impact on our shareholders.
The depositary will only vote or attempt to vote as such holder instructs or as described above.
We cannot assure holders that they receive the voting materials in time to ensure that they can instruct the depositary to vote their shares. This means that holders may not be able to exercise their right to vote and there may be nothing they can do if their shares are not voted as they requested.
Exchange Rates
Prior to 1989, Chilean law permitted the purchase and sale of foreign exchange only in those cases explicitly authorized by the Central Bank of Chile. The Central Bank Act liberalized the rules that govern the ability to buy and sell foreign currency. The Central Bank Act empowers the Central Bank of Chile to determine that certain purchases and sales of foreign currency specified by law must be carried out exclusively in the Formal Exchange Market, which is made up of the banks and other entities authorized by the Central Bank of Chile. All payments and distributions with respect to the ADSs must be conducted exclusively in the Formal Exchange Market.
For purposes of the operation of the Formal Exchange Market, the Central Bank of Chile sets a reference exchange rate (
dólar acuerdo
). The Central Bank of Chile resets the reference exchange rate monthly, taking internal and external inflation into account, and adjusts the reference exchange rate daily to reflect variations in parities between the Chilean peso, the U.S. dollar, the Japanese yen and the European euro.
The observed exchange rate (
dólar observado
) is the average exchange rate at which transactions were actually carried out in the Formal Exchange Market on a particular day, as certified by the Central Bank of Chile on the next banking day.
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In order to keep fluctuations in the average exchange rate within certain limits, the Central Bank of Chile has in the past intervened by buying or selling foreign currency on the formal exchange market. In September 1999, the Central Bank of Chile decided to limit its formal commitment to intervene and decided to exercise it only under extraordinary circumstances, which are to be announced in advance. The Central Bank of Chile also committed to provide periodic information about the levels of its international reserves.
Purchases and sales of foreign exchange effectuated outside the Formal Exchange Market are made through the Informal Exchange Market (
Mercado Cambiario Informal
). There are no limits on the extent to which the rate of exchange in the Informal Exchange Market can fluctuate above or below the observed exchange rate.
Although our results of operations have not been significantly affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates between the peso and the U.S. dollar because our functional currency is the U.S. dollar, we are exposed to foreign exchange losses and gains due to exchange rate fluctuations. Even though the majority of our revenues are denominated in or pegged to the U.S. dollar, the Chilean government’s economic policies affecting foreign exchange and future fluctuations in the value of the peso against the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our results of operations and an investor’s return on an investment in ADSs.
E.
Taxation
Chilean Tax
The following discussion relates to Chilean income tax laws presently in force, including Ruling No. 324 of January 29, 1990 of the Chilean
Servicio de Impuestos Internos
(“Chilean IRS”) and other applicable regulations and rulings, all of which are subject to change. The discussion summarizes the principal Chilean income tax consequences of an investment in the ADSs or common shares by a person who is neither domiciled in, nor a resident of, Chile or by a legal entity that is incorporated abroad not organized under the laws of Chile and does not have a branch or a permanent establishment located in Chile (such an individual or entity is referred to herein as a Foreign Holder). For purposes of Chilean tax law, an individual holder is (i) a resident of Chile if such person remains in Chile, whether continuously or not, for a period or periods exceeding a total of 183 days, within any twelve-month period; and/or (ii) domiciled in Chile if such person’s main place of business is located in the country. The discussion is not intended as tax advice to any particular investor, which can be rendered only in light of that investor’s particular tax situation.
Under Chilean law, provisions contained in statutes such as tax rates applicable to foreign investors, the computation of taxable income for Chilean purposes and the manner in which Chilean taxes are imposed and collected may only be amended by another statute. In addition, the Chilean tax authorities enact rulings and regulations of either general or specific application and interpret the provisions of Chilean tax law. Chilean tax may not be assessed retroactively against taxpayers who act in good faith relying on such rulings, regulations, and interpretations, but Chilean tax authorities may change these rulings, regulations, and interpretations prospectively.
On December 19, 2023, an income tax treaty between the United States and Chile (Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion or “Convention”) entered into force. With respect to taxes withheld at the source of income, the Convention will have effect for amounts paid or credited on or after February 1, 2024. For all other taxes, the Convention will have effect for taxable periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024. Some of the main implications of the Convention are:
•
Generally reduces rates of withholding taxes.
•
Generally eliminates withholding tax in the source country on service payments.
•
Withholding tax rates on royalties will be limited to 2% or 10%.
•
As a general rule, capital gains of a resident may be taxed in both countries, although reduced rates or exemptions from one country’s tax may apply to gains derived by a resident of the other country, depending on the type of asset disposed of. In the case of shares or other rights or interests representing the capital of a company resident in a country, 16% is the maximum rate allowed to be imposed by that country on a resident of the other country who alienates the shares or other rights or interests, if the seller previously owned shares representing no more than 50% of the capital of the company (and in the case of alienators of other rights, rights previously owned by the seller represented less than 20% of the capital). Exemptions for pension funds and institutional investors are
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applicable. Likewise, tax exemptions apply to the sale of shares with stock market presence, being taxed only in the taxpayer's country of residence when certain requirements are met.
•
It does not preclude the United States from taking payments from Chilean residents into account in computing the “Base Erosion Anti-abuse Tax” (known as the “BEAT”) of a U.S. taxpayer.
Law No. 21,420, published on February 4, 2022, aims to reduce or eliminate certain tax exemptions. The new law limits the non-taxable income benefit on capital gain on the disposal of public traded instruments, incorporating a 10% single tax on capital gains obtained by non-institutional investors on the sale of those instruments, tax effective for operations as of September 2, 2022. If all the requirements stated in the Convention for exemption from tax of capital gains on this type of assets are met, then this single tax will generally not be applicable after the relevant effective date in the Convention.
Additionally, on July 7, 2022, the Chilean government submitted to Congress a tax reform bill that includes amendments to the Income Tax Law, the Tax Code, the VAT Law, the introduction of a new wealth tax, among others however, this bill was not passed in Congress. A new tax reform bill is likely to be presented to Congress for discussion and eventual Congress and Senate approval during 2024. So far, the final content and details of the tax measures is unknown.
Finally, on December 19, 2023, the government presented before the Congress a bill that creates a Register of Beneficial Ownership. Such registry will contain information of final beneficiaries of legal persons, investment funds, and other entities without legal personality, incorporated or domiciled in Chile, or with any type of permanent establishment in Chile.
Cash Dividends and Other Distributions
Under the Partially Integrated Regime, cash dividends we pay with respect to the ADSs or common shares held by a Foreign Holder will be subject to a 35% Chilean withholding tax, which we withhold and pay over to the Chilean tax authorities (the “Withholding Tax”). A credit against the Withholding Tax is available based on the corporate income tax rate of the year of distribution and provided a sufficient balance of accumulated corporate income tax credits is available. These credits correspond to corporate income tax we actually paid on the accumulated income (referred to herein as the “First Category Tax” or “FCIT”). However, this credit does not reduce the Withholding Tax on a one-for-one basis because it also increases the base on which the Withholding Tax is imposed. In addition, if we distribute less than all of our distributable income, the credit for First Category Tax we pay is proportionately reduced. If we register net income and a tax loss, no credit against the Withholding Tax may be available.
The Partially Integrated Regime reduces the amount of First Category Tax creditable against the Withholding Tax for certain Foreign Holders. As a general rule, only 65% of the First Category Income Tax credit will actually offset the Withholding Tax. However, if a tax treaty is in place between Chile and the country of domicile of a Foreign Holder and such Foreign Holder is entitled to treaty benefits in relation to the income, as it the case, the full First Category Tax credit will continue to be available to be offset against the Withholding Tax.
In general, the example below illustrates the effective Withholding Tax burden on a cash dividend received by a Foreign Holder assuming a Withholding Tax rate of 35%, a First Category Tax rate of 27% and a distribution of 30% of the consolidated net income of the Company after payment of the First Category Tax:
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|
Foreign Holder in Treaty
Country |
Foreign Holder in Non-Treaty
Country |
||||||||||
| The Company’s taxable income | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||||||||
| First Category Tax (27% of Ch$100). | (27.00) | (27.00) | |||||||||
| Net distributable income | 73.00 | 73.00 | |||||||||
| Dividend distributed (*) | 21.90 | 21.90 | |||||||||
| First category increase | 8.10 | 8.10 | |||||||||
| Amount subject to Withholding Tax (**) | 30.00 | 30.00 | |||||||||
| Withholding Tax | (10.50) | (10.50) | |||||||||
| Credit for First Category Tax | 8.10 | 8.10 | |||||||||
| Add back 35% of the First Category Tax | N/A | (2.84) | |||||||||
| Net tax withheld | (2.40) | (5.27) | |||||||||
| Net dividend received | 19.5 | 16.64 | |||||||||
| Effective dividend withholding rate | 11% | 24% | |||||||||
______________________________________________________
(*)
30% of net distributable income.
(**)
The dividend of Ch$21.90 grossed up with the First Category Tax credit of Ch$8.10.
The effective rate of Withholding Tax to be imposed on dividends we pay will depend on the First Category Tax rate applicable in the year of distribution and on the balance of First Category Income Tax credits accumulated by the Company. The First Category Tax rate is 27% for 2018 and following years. The First Category Tax credits generated as of 2017, will be allocated first. Once the balance of First Category Tax credits generated as of 2017 are exhausted, the First Category Tax credits accumulated until December 31, 2016 will be used. In that event the First Category Tax credit available against the Withholding Tax will not correspond to the First Category Tax rate of the year of distribution but to the average rate of First Category Tax credits accumulated until December 31, 2016. This average rate will be determined by dividing the aggregate First Category Tax Credits accumulated until December 31, 2016 by the aggregate retained taxable profits accumulated at the same date. The First Category Tax credits accumulated until December 31, 2016 are not subject to the First Category Tax Credit Restitution irrespective of whether a tax treaty is in place with the country of the Foreign Holder or not.
The First Category Tax credits accumulated until December 31, 2016 correspond to the First Category Tax we actually paid on the income generated in a given year. For earnings generated from 1991 until 2001, the First Category Tax rate was 15%. The rate was 16.0% in 2002, 16.5% in 2003, 17% from 2004 until 2010, 20% from 2011 until 2013, 21% in 2014, 22.5% in 2015, 24% in 2016 and 25.5% in 2017 for companies subject to the Partially Integrated Regime.
In the event that the accumulated First Category Tax credits are not sufficient to cover any particular dividend, we will generally withhold tax from the dividend at the full 35% rate.
Dividend distributions made in kind would be subject to the same Chilean tax rules as cash dividends based on the fair market value of the relevant assets. Stock dividends and the distribution of preemptive rights are not subject to Chilean taxation.
Capital Gains
Gains from the sale or other disposition by a Foreign Holder of ADRs evidencing ADSs outside Chile will not be subject to Chilean taxation. The deposit and withdrawal of common shares in exchange for ADRs will not be subject to any Chilean taxes.
Gains realized on a sale or disposition of common shares by a Foreign Holder (as distinguished from sales or exchanges of ADRs evidencing ADSs representing such common shares) may be subject to a 35% Tax. However, a gain not exceeding 10 Annual Tax Units (app US $8,759.22 as of December 13, 2023) recognized by a Foreign Holder without
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taxable presence in Chile in a sale to a non-related buyer will not be taxable. The proceeds of the sale or disposition are subject to a withholding of 35% applicable on the gain. If the gain subject to taxation cannot be determined, the Foreign Holder is subject to a provisional withholding of 10% of the total proceeds, without any deduction, when the amounts are paid to, credited to, accounted for, put at the disposal of, or corresponding to, the Foreign Holder. The Foreign Holder would be entitled to request a tax refund for any amounts withheld in excess of the taxes actually due in April of the following year upon filing its corresponding tax return.
Notwithstanding the above, Article 107 of the Chilean Income Tax Law provides for a 10% sole tax on capital gains arising from the sale of shares of listed companies traded in the stock markets (except for capital gains obtained by “institutional investors” –as defined in Article 4 bis (d) of the Chilean Securities Market Act–, whether domiciled or resident in Chile or abroad, which will be tax exempt if the legal requirements are met). In general terms, the referred provision mandates that in order to qualify for this special tax treatment: (i) the shares must be of a publicly held stock corporation with a “high trading presence” status in the Chilean Stock Exchanges; (ii) the sale must be carried out in a Chilean Stock Exchange authorized by the CMF, or in a tender offer subject to Chapter XXV of the Chilean Securities Market Act or as the consequence of a contribution to a fund as regulated in Article 109 of the Chilean Income Tax Law; (iii) the shares which are being sold must have been acquired on a Chilean Stock Exchange, or in a tender offer subject to Chapter XXV of the Chilean Securities Market Act, or in an initial public offering (due to the creation of a company or to a capital increase), or due to the exchange of convertible publicly offered securities, or due to the redemption of a fund’s quota as regulated in Article 109 of the Chilean Income Tax Law; and (iv) the shares must have been acquired after April 19, 2001.
The buyer or stockbroker or securities agent acting on behalf of the Foreign Holder shall withhold the amount of the sole tax at the time the sales price is paid, remitted, credited into account or placed at the disposal of the Foreign Holder. The withholding shall be made at 10% rate on the taxable gain, unless the buyer or stockbroker or securities agent acting on behalf of the Foreign Holder does not have sufficient information to determine such capital gain, in which case the withholding shall be made at a provisional rate of 1% on the total price, without any deduction. In this last case, the Foreign Holder must file an annual tax return to pay any differences between the withheld amounts and the final applicable tax, or to request a refund if the first were made in excess of the final tax.
According to Ruling No. 1,480 (issued on August 22, 2014), the Chilean IRS confirmed that capital gains stemming from the sale of shares with high stock market presence acquired through the exchange of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) for shares is subject to the same tax regime as the gain on the sale of any stock with high stock market presence, which according to the rules enforce as of such date, were not subject to taxes in Chile. Thus, according to the recent modifications, such ruling should imply that they would be subject to the sole tax at a rate of 10%. Such reduced rate is applicable provided that the ADRs comply with the requirements established by the CMF for the public offering of securities in Chile (i.e. if the ADRs are registered in the Foreign Securities Registry of the CMF, or their registration has been exempted by the CMF under a cooperation agreement signed with regulators of foreign markets), and the underlying shares have been registered in the Securities Registry of the CMF and on a Chilean Stock Exchange. According to General Ruling No. 327, issued by the CMF on January 17, 2012, shares are considered to have a high presence in the stock exchange when they:
| ● | are registered in the Securities Registry; | |||||||
| ● | are registered in a Chilean Stock Exchange; and | |||||||
| ● | meet at least one of the following requirements: | |||||||
| ● | have an adjusted presence equal to or above 25%; | |||||||
| ● | have a Market Maker (this requirement is limited under Law No. 21,420). | |||||||
To calculate the adjusted presence of a particular share, the aforementioned regulation first requires a determination of the number of days in which the operations regarding the stock exceeded, in Chilean pesos, the equivalent of 1,000 UF (app US$ 41,648.93 as of December 13, 2023) within the previous 180 business days of the stock market. That number must then be divided by 180, multiplied by 100, and expressed in a percentage value.
To meet the “Market Maker” requirement the issuer of the shares must execute a written contract with a stockbroker incorporated in Chile that fulfills some additional requirements. Law No. 21,210 modified this provision in
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those cases where the high stock market presence is given exclusively by virtue of a Market Maker. In such cases, the capital gain tax exemption would apply only for the term of one year from the first public offering of the securities.
The tax basis of common shares received in exchange for ADRs will be the acquisition value of the common shares on the date of exchange duly adjusted for local inflation. For purposes of Ruling No. 324, dated January 29, 1990, issued by the Chilean IRS, the valuation procedure set forth in the deposit agreement, which values the shares that are being exchanged at the highest reported sales price at which they trade on the stock exchange on the day on which the transfer of such shares is recorded on the books of the company’s share registrar, will determine the Foreign Holder’s acquisition value for this purpose. In the case where the sale of the shares is made on a day that is different from the date on which the exchange is recorded, capital gains subject to taxation in Chile may be generated. Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the criteria of Ruling No. 3708, dated October 1, 1999, issued by the Chilean IRS, the deposit agreement provides that in the event that the exchanged shares are sold by the Foreign Holder on a Chilean stock exchange on the same day on which the transfer is recorded on the company’s share registrar or within two Chilean business days prior to the date on which the sale is recorded on those books, the acquisition value of such exchanged shares shall be the price registered in the invoice issued by the stock broker that participated in the sale transaction.
Notwithstanding the above mentioned tax exemption under article 107 of the Chilean Income Tax Law in benefit of institutional investors which is still applicable, a previous specific capital gain tax exemption for “foreign institutional investors” such as mutual funds and pension funds was repealed as from May 1, 2014, by Law 20,712. However, the law includes a grandfathering provision for shares acquired before May 1, 2014. This provision establishes an exemption on the capital gain obtained in the sale of shares that are publicly traded and have a high presence in a stock exchange when the sale is made by a foreign institutional investor, provided that the sale is made in a local stock exchange or in a public tender in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Market Act, or in the redemption of fund quotas, and the shares were acquired before May 1, 2014.
Pursuant to the regulations of the grandfathering rule, to qualify for the exemption, the taxpayer must be incorporated or formed outside of Chile, not have a domicile in Chile, and must qualify as a foreign institutional investor according to the requirements set forth in the law. In addition, the foreign institutional investor must not directly or indirectly participate in the control of the corporations issuing the shares it invests in, nor possess or participate directly or indirectly in 10% or more of the capital or the profits of such corporations. Furthermore, the foreign institutional investor must execute a written contract with a bank, or a stockbroker incorporated in Chile. In this contract, the bank or stockbroker must undertake to execute purchase and sale orders, verify the applicability of the tax exemption or tax withholding, and inform the Chilean IRS of the investors it works with and the transactions it performs. Finally, the foreign institutional investor must register with the Chilean IRS by means of a sworn statement issued by such bank or stockbroker.
The date of acquisition of the ADSs is considered to be the date of acquisition of the shares for which the ADSs are exchanged.
The exercise of preemptive rights relating to the common shares will not be subject to Chilean taxation. Any gain obtained by a Foreign Holder without taxable presence in Chile on the sale of preemptive rights relating to the common shares will be subject to Withholding Tax (the former being creditable against the latter).
It should be noted that the single 10% tax indicated above with respect to the disposal of shares with stock market presence would not be applicable for capital gains obtained by taxpayers domiciled in the U.S. eligible for the benefits of the Convention who meet all the requirements for exemption. In this regard, the Convention sets out that earnings obtained by a resident of a state that has ratified the Convention (a “Contracting State”) and the disposal of shares in a company resident in the other Contracting State with a stock market presence on a recognized stock exchange located in in that other Contracting State, may be taxed only in the country where the transferor resides if the following requirements are met: (a) the shares are sold on a stock exchange recognized in the another Contracting State or in a takeover bid process of shares in accordance with applicable law, and (b) such shares have been previously acquired in (i) a stock exchange recognized in that other Contracting State, (ii) in a legally regulated takeover bid process, (iii) in a primary placement of shares, (iv) upon the incorporation of the company or of a subsequent capital increase, or (v) in an exchange of bonds convertible into shares.
Other Chilean Taxes
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Please note that there should not be Chilean inheritance, gift or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of ADSs by a Foreign Holder, but such taxes generally will apply to the transfer at death or by gift of the common shares by a Foreign Holder. However, in the inheritance of a Foreign Holder, assets located abroad may only be subject to inheritance, gift or succession taxes when they have been acquired with resources originating in Chile. There are no Chilean stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by Foreign Holders of ADSs or common shares.
Withholding Tax Certificates
Upon request, we will provide to Foreign Holders appropriate documentation evidencing the payment of the Withholding Tax (net of the applicable First Category Tax credit).
Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
This section describes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. holder (as defined below) of owning common shares or ADSs. It applies to you only if you hold your common shares or ADSs as capital assets for tax purposes. This section does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to U.S holders with respect to their ownership and disposition of ADSs or common shares. Accordingly, it is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice. This section does not apply to you if you are a member of a special class of holders subject to special rules, including:
| ● | a dealer in securities, | |||||||
| ● | a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for securities holdings, | |||||||
| ● | a tax-exempt organization, | |||||||
| ● | a financial institution, | |||||||
| ● | a regulated investment company, | |||||||
| ● | a real estate investment trust, | |||||||
| ● | a life insurance company, | |||||||
| ● | a person liable for alternative minimum tax, | |||||||
| ● | a person that directly, indirectly or constructively owns 10% or more of the vote or value of our stock, | |||||||
| ● | a person that holds common shares or ADSs as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction, | |||||||
| ● | a person that purchases or sells common shares or ADSs as part of a wash sale for tax purposes, | |||||||
| ● | a U.S. holder (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, | |||||||
| ● | a U.S. expatriate, | |||||||
| ● | a person who acquired our ADSs or common shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share option or otherwise as compensation, or | |||||||
| ● | a partnership or other pass-through entity or arrangement treated as such (or a person holding our ADSs or common shares through a partnership or other pass-through entity or arrangement treated as such). | |||||||
If you are a member of a special class of holders subject to special rules, you should consult your tax advisor with regard to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in the common shares or ADSs. Moreover, this summary does not address the U.S. federal estate, gift, or the Medicare contribution tax applicable to net investment income of certain non-corporate U.S. holders or alternative minimum tax considerations, or any U.S. state, local, or non-U.S. tax considerations of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares and ADSs.
This section is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), its legislative history, existing and proposed Treasury regulations, published rulings and court decisions, all as of the date hereof. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. In addition, obligations of the United States under the Convention may affect the tax liability imposed by the Code. With respect to taxes withheld at source, the Convention has effect for
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amounts paid or credited on or after February 1, 2024. For all other taxes, the Convention has effect for taxable periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024.
The laws on which this section is based are subject to differing interpretations. No ruling has been sought from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “U.S. IRS”) with respect to any U.S. federal income tax consequences described below, and there can be no assurance that the U.S. IRS or a court will not take a contrary position.
In addition, this section is based in part upon the representations of the Depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.
If an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds the common shares or ADSs, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the tax treatment of the partnership. A partner in a partnership holding the common shares or ADSs should consult its tax advisor with regard to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in the common shares or ADSs.
For purposes of this summary, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of common shares or ADSs that is a citizen or resident of the United States or a U.S. domestic corporation or that otherwise is subject to U.S. federal income taxation on a net income basis in respect of such common shares or ADSs.
ADSs
As a result of our Chapter 11 proceedings, LATAM was delisted from the NYSE on June 22, 2020. Our ADSs continue to trade in the over-the-counter market under the ticker “LTMAY.” In general, and taking into account the earlier assumptions, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, if you hold ADRs evidencing ADSs, you will be treated as the beneficial owner of the common shares represented by those ADRs. Exchanges of common shares for ADRs, and ADRs for common shares, generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that intermediaries in the chain of ownership between the holder of an ADS and the issuer of the security underlying the ADS may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the beneficial ownership of the underlying security. Accordingly, the creditability of any foreign taxes paid and the availability of the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders (as discussed below), could be affected by actions taken by intermediaries in the chain of ownership between the holders of ADSs and us if as a result of actions the holders of ADSs are not properly treated as beneficial owners of the underlying common shares.
Taxation of Dividends
Under the U.S. federal income tax laws, and subject to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules discussed below, if you are a U.S. holder, the gross amount of any dividend we pay out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is subject to U.S. federal income taxation. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of your adjusted tax basis in the common shares or ADSs, as the case may be, and thereafter as capital gain from the sale or exchange of the common shares or ADSs, as the case may be. However, we do not expect to calculate earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. Accordingly, you should expect to generally treat any distributions we make as dividend income for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
If you are a U.S. holder who is an individual, trust, or estate, then dividends paid on the ADSs or common shares that constitute qualified dividend income will be taxable to you at the preferential rates applicable to long-term capital gains. Dividends paid on the ADSs or common shares will be treated as qualified dividend income if:
| ● | (a) the ADSs or common shares, as applicable, are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States; or (b) we are eligible for benefits of a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, which the U.S. Treasury determines is satisfactory for this purpose, which includes an exchange of information program; | |||||||
| ● | we were not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a PFIC; and | |||||||
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| ● | you hold the ADSs or common shares, as applicable, for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date and meet other holding period requirements; and you are not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. | |||||||
We believe that our common shares and ADSs should not be treated as stock of a PFIC for 2023. See additional discussion under the “PFIC Rules,” below.
U.S. IRS guidance provides that shares and ADSs are considered as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States if they are listed on certain national U.S. securities exchanges, including the NYSE. In the case of stock that is not listed in a manner that meets this definition (such as stock listed on the OTC Bulletin Board or on the electronic pink sheets), the U.S. IRS indicated in 2003 that it was considering whether, or to what extent, treatment as “readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States” should be conditioned on the satisfaction of parameters regarding minimum trading volume, minimum number of market makers, maintenance and publication of historical trade or quotation data, issuer reporting requirements under SEC or exchange rules, or issuer disclosure or determinations regarding PFIC or similar status. To date the U.S. IRS has not issued further guidance on this topic.
Accordingly, because our ADSs were delisted from the NYSE on June 22, 2020 and currently trade only on the over-the-counter market, the U.S. IRS may take the position that dividends we pay with respect to the common shares are not paid with respect to stock that is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States.
We may, however, be eligible for benefits of the Convention and the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury has determined that the Convention is satisfactory for purposes of the qualified dividend income, definition. If we are so eligible and the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury determines that the Convention is satisfactory for purposes of the qualified dividend income definition, dividends received by an individual, trust, or estate U.S. holder may be subject to taxation at the preferential rates applicable to long-term capital gains if our common shares and ADSs are not treated as stock of a PFIC for the year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding year. Corporate U.S. holders are taxed on dividend income at the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate whether or not the dividend income is qualified dividend income.
The dividend is taxable to you when you receive, in the case of common shares, or the Depositary receives, in the case of ADSs, the dividend, actually or constructively. The dividend will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to U.S. domestic corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. domestic corporations or certain foreign corporations. The amount of the dividend distribution that you must include in your income as a U.S. holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the Chilean pesos payments made, determined at the spot Chilean pesos/U.S. dollar rate on the date the dividend distribution is includible in your income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date you include the dividend payment in income to the date you convert the payment into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss and will not be eligible for the special tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income. The gain or loss generally will be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The amount of any distribution of property other than cash will be the fair market value of such property on the date of distribution.
The amount of dividend income includes the amount of any Chilean tax withheld from the dividend payment even though you do not in fact receive such amount. Subject to generally applicable limitations and conditions under the Code, Chilean Withholding Tax withheld and paid over to the Chilean tax authorities (after taking into account the credit for the First Category Tax, when it is available) may be creditable or deductible against your U.S. federal income tax liability. These generally applicable limitations and conditions include new requirements adopted by the U.S. IRS in December 2021 and any Chilean withholding tax will need to satisfy these requirements in order to be eligible to be a creditable tax for a U.S. holder. If you either (i) are eligible for, and properly elect, the benefits of the Convention, or (ii) consistently elect to apply a modified version of these rules under recently issued temporary guidance and comply with specific requirements set forth in such guidance, the Chilean withholding tax on dividends will be treated as meeting the new requirements and therefore as a creditable tax. In the case of all other U.S. holders, The application of the requirements to the Chilean Withholding Tax on dividends is uncertain, and we have not determined whether these requirements have been met. If the Chilean withholding tax on dividends is not creditable for you or if you do not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued in the same taxable year, you may be able to deduct the Chilean withholding tax in computing your taxable income for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
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Dividends will generally be income from sources outside the United States and, for U.S. holders that elect to claim foreign tax credits, will, depending on your circumstances, generally be “passive category income” for foreign tax credit purposes. The availability and calculation of foreign tax credits and deductions for foreign taxes depend on your particular circumstances and involve the application of complex rules to those circumstances. The temporary guidance discussed above also indicates that the Treasury and the U.S. IRS are considering proposing amendments to the December 2021 regulations and that the temporary guidance can be relied upon until additional guidance is issued that withdraws or modifies the temporary guidance. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors concerning the application of these rules in their particular circumstances.
Taxation of Capital Gains
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, if you sell or otherwise dispose of your common shares or ADSs, you will generally recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount that you realize and your adjusted tax basis, in your common shares or ADSs, as determined in U.S. dollars. Capital gain of a U.S. holder who is an individual, trust, or estate, is generally taxed at preferential rates where the property is held for more than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations. You will generally not be entitled to credit any Chilean tax imposed on the sale or other disposition of the common shares or ADSs against your U.S. federal income tax liability, except in the case you either (i) are eligible for, and properly elect to claim, the benefits of the Convention, or (ii) consistently elect to apply a modified version of the U.S. foreign tax credit rules that is permitted under recently issued temporary guidance and comply with the specific requirements set forth in such guidance. Additionally, the gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Consequently, even if the Chilean tax qualifies as a creditable tax, you may not be able to credit the tax against your U.S. federal income tax liability unless such credit can be applied (subject to generally applicable conditions and limitations) against tax due on other income treated as derived from foreign sources. However, if you are eligible for the benefits of the Convention, you may elect to treat such gain as Chilean-source gain under the Convention. If the Chilean tax is not a creditable tax or you do not claim it as a credit pursuant to the Convention, the tax would reduce the amount realized on the sale or other disposition of the common shares or ADSs even if you have elected to claim a foreign tax credit for other taxes in the same year. The temporary guidance discussed above also indicates that the Treasury and the U.S. IRS are considering proposed amendments to the December 2021 regulations and that the temporary guidance can be relied upon until additional guidance is issued that withdraws or modifies the temporary guidance. U.S holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the foreign tax credit rules to a sale or other disposition of the common shares or ADSs and any Chilean tax imposed on such sale or disposition.
If the consideration received for our common shares or ADSs is paid in foreign currency, the amount realized will generally be the U.S. dollar value of the payment received translated at the spot rate of exchange on the date of disposition (or, if the common shares or ADSs are traded on an established securities market at such time, in the case of cash-basis and electing accrual-basis U.S. holders, the settlement date). An accrual basis U.S. holder that does not elect to determine the amount realized using the spot exchange rate on the settlement date will recognize foreign currency gain or loss equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount received based on the spot exchange rates in effect on the date of the sale or other disposition and the settlement date. Our ADSs were delisted from the NYSE on June 22, 2020 and currently trade only on the over-the-counter market. It is unclear whether an over-the-counter market is treated as an established securities market for purposes of these rules. A U.S. holder’s initial tax basis in our common shares or ADSs will equal the cost of such ADSs or common shares. If a U.S. holder used foreign currency to purchase our common shares or ADSs, the cost of our common shares or ADSs will be the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency purchase price on the date of purchase. If our common shares or ADSs are treated as traded on an established securities market and the relevant U.S. holder is either a cash basis taxpayer or an accrual basis taxpayer who has made the special election described above, such holder will determine the U.S. dollar value of the cost of such common shares or ADSs by translating the amount paid at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the purchase.
PFIC Rules
We believe that our common shares and ADSs should not be treated as stock of a PFIC for 2022 and we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC in future taxable years, but this conclusion is a factual determination that is made annually and thus may be subject to change. If we were to be treated as a PFIC, gain realized on the sale or other disposition of your common shares or ADSs would in general not be treated as capital gain. Instead, if you are a U.S. holder, unless you make a timely “mark-to-market” election electing to be taxed annually on a mark-to-market basis with respect to your common shares or ADSs, or you make a timely “qualified electing fund” election to be taxed annually on the earnings and gains of the PFIC attributable to your shares or ADSs (irrespective of distributions), you would be treated as if you had realized
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such gain ratably over your holding period in the common shares or ADSs and would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for each such year to which the gain was allocated, together with an interest charge in respect of the tax attributable to each such year except for the current year. In addition, distributions that you receive from us will not be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income if we are treated as a PFIC with respect to you either in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year, but instead will be taxable at the tax rates applicable to ordinary income, and to the extent they are treated as “excess distributions” under the PFIC rules, they will also be subject to the PFIC interest charge described above. A U.S. holder will be required to make an annual filing with the U.S. IRS if such holder holds ADSs or common shares in any year in which we are classified as a PFIC. With certain exceptions, your common shares or ADSs will continue to be treated as stock in a PFIC if we were a PFIC at any time during your holding period in your common shares or ADSs even if we no longer meet the PFIC tests in a later year.
The U.S. federal income tax rules relating to PFICs are complex. Prospective U.S. holders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the application of the PFIC rules to their investment in the common shares or ADSs.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividends paid on, and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, the shares or ADSs to a U.S. holder generally are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Code and may be subject to backup withholding unless the U.S. holder provides an accurate taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification or otherwise establishes an exemption. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. holder will be allowed as a refund or credit against the U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is furnished to the U.S. IRS in a timely manner.
A holder that is not a U.S. holder may be required to comply with certification and identification procedures in order to establish its exemption from information reporting and backup withholding.
Foreign Asset Reporting
Certain U.S. holders who are individuals (and certain entities) that hold an interest in “specified foreign financial assets” (which may include the common shares or ADSs) with an aggregate value in excess of U.S.$50,000 on the last day of the taxable year, or $75,000 at any time during the taxable year, are required to report information relating to such assets, currently on Form 8938, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for stock held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions). Penalties can apply if U.S. holders fail to satisfy such reporting requirements. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this requirement on their ownership and disposition of common shares and ADSs.
F.
Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G.
Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
H.
Documents on Display
We file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC that apply to foreign private issuers. Filings we make electronically with the SEC are available to the public on the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and at our website at http://www.latamairlinesgroup.net/financial-information/sec-filings. (This URL is intended to be an inactive textual reference only. It is not intended to be an active hyperlink to our website. The information on our website, which might be accessible through a hyperlink resulting from this URL, is not and shall not be deemed to be incorporated into this annual report.)
I.
Subsidiary Information
Not applicable.
J.
Annual Report to Security Holders
Not applicable.
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ITEM 11 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS
General
Given the nature of its business, LATAM is exposed mainly to three types of market risk:
•
Fuel price fluctuations;
•
Foreign exchange fluctuations; and
•
Interest rate fluctuations.
Management assesses the level of our exposure to these risks periodically to determine which one should be hedged and the most effective mechanisms to be implemented. LATAM purchases derivative instruments in foreign markets to offset market risk exposure, typically utilizing a mix of financial and commodity derivatives. LATAM does not enter into or hold derivative contracts for trading purposes.
For more information on Market Risk, see Note 3 “Financial Risk Management” to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Risk of Fluctuations in Fuel Prices
Jet fuel price fluctuations are largely dependent on supply and demand for crude oil, OPEC decisions, refinery capacities, stock levels of crude oil, natural disasters, climatic risk and geopolitical factors.
LATAM fuel consumption for 2023 was 1,195 million gallons. To manage its exposure to the cost of fuel, LATAM has a hedging program based on our Fuel Hedging Policy, which is annually updated and approved by the board of directors. LATAM’s Fuel Hedging Policy aims to mitigate the liquidity risk in the short/medium term, avoiding cash and financial distress. LATAM has established four hedging zones based on advance purchase behavior, pass-through and fuel invoicing process.
Jet Fuel is not the only underlying asset that LATAM may use for hedging purposes. It may also consider derivative instruments in other underlying commodity assets such as ICE Brent, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) or NYMEX Heating Oil (HO).
LATAM has decided to use protective and non-speculative instruments to reduce the operating margin exposure. Also, LATAM will not use financial derivatives to speculate on financial markets and consequently obtain gains from these types of transactions, and will not receive premiums as cash from sold options (nevertheless LATAM could buy and sell options as a structured product).
LATAM periodically reviews its exposure with each counterparty in order to monitor its credit concentration. For more information, see “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Company—Our operations are subject to fluctuations in the supply and cost of jet fuel, which could adversely impact our business
.
”
During 2023, 2022, and 2021 we entered into a mix of swaps and option contracts on JET FUEL 54 USGC with investment grade banks and other financial entities for notional fuel purchases (non-delivery). Details of the fuel hedging program are shown below:
|
LATAM Fuel Hedging Year
ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2023 LATAM | 2022 LATAM | 2021 LATAM | |||||||||||||||
| Gallons Purchased (million) | 499.6 | 249.4 | 117.4 | ||||||||||||||
| % Total Annual Fuel Consumption | 41.6 | % | 24.6 | % | 16.1 | % | |||||||||||
| Combined Result of Hedges (in millions of US$) | 15.7 | 18.8 | 10.1 | ||||||||||||||
______________________________________________________
As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of our outstanding fuel related derivative contracts was US$22.1 million (positive).
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Gains and losses on the hedging contracts outlined above are recognized as a cost of sales in the income statement when the fuel subject to the hedge is consumed. Premiums paid related to fuel derivative contracts are recorded as prepaid expenses (current assets) and recorded as an expense at the time the contract expires.
Under IFRS Accounting Standards, the fair value of the hedging derivatives is booked as a non-current asset or liability if the remaining maturity of the item is hedged for more than 12 months, and as a current asset or liability if the remaining term of the item is hedged for less than 12 months. The fair value of the derivative contracts is deferred within an equity reserve account. [Please see Note 2.9 to our audited consolidated financial statements]. As the current positions do not represent changes in cash flows but a variation in the exposure to the market value, the Company’s current hedge positions have no impact on income; they are booked as cash flow hedge contracts, so a variation in fuel prices has an impact on the Company’s net equity.
The following table shows the sensitivity analysis of our hedging contracts to reasonable changes in fuel prices and their effect on equity. The term used for the projection was December 31, 2024, the last maturity date of our current fuel hedge contracts. The calculations were made considering a parallel movement of US$5 per barrel in the curve of the JET futures benchmark price at the end of December 2023, 2022, 2021.
| LATAM fuel price sensitivity Position as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
|
2023 LATAM
(effect on equity) |
2022 LATAM
(effect on equity) |
2021 LATAM
(effect on equity) |
|||||||||||||||
| (millions of US$ per barrel) | |||||||||||||||||
| HO or JET benchmark price | |||||||||||||||||
| +5 | +10.8 | +2.2 | +2.7 | ||||||||||||||
| -5 | -10.7 | -2.3 | -3.3 | ||||||||||||||
During the periods presented, the Company has not recorded amounts for ineffectiveness in the consolidated income statement pursuant to IFRS Accounting Standards principles for recognizing and measuring financial instruments.
Given the fuel hedge structure during the year 2023, which considers a portion free of hedge, a vertical drop of US$5 in the JET reference price (considered as the monthly daily average), would have had an approximate impact of US$131.6 million lower fuel cost. For the same period, a vertical increase of US$5 dollars in the JET reference price (considered as the monthly daily average), would have had an approximate impact of US$131.3 million higher fuel costs.
Risk of Variation in Foreign Exchange Rates
The functional currency of the LATAM holding company is the U.S. dollar. Since LATAM conducts its business in local currencies in several countries, it faces the risk of variations in multiple foreign currency exchange rates. Depreciation of these currencies against the U.S. dollar could have adverse effects both transactional and translational, because part of our revenues and expenses are denominated in those currencies.
At the same time, LATAM’s affiliates are exposed to foreign exchange risk, which could in turn impact the consolidated results of the Company.
The greatest exposure to future cash flows is mainly presented by the subsidiary LATAM Airlines Brazil and volatility in the R$/US$ exchange rate. LATAM Airlines Brazil’s earnings are generated largely in R$. We actively manage the R$/US$ exchange rate risk by entering into FX derivative contracts and carrying out internal operations for obtaining natural hedging.
To a lesser extent, the company also faces foreign exchange risk relating to additional currencies such as: Great Britain Pound, Euro, Chilean Peso, Australian Dollars, Argentine Peso, Paraguayan Guaraní, Mexican Peso, Peruvian Nuevo Sol, Colombian Peso and New Zealand Dollars. Those currencies could be hedged as long as they turn relevant (higher exposure and volatility) to the LATAM’s market risk management. As of December 31, 2023, LATAM has US$414 million in notional for FX Hedges.
Because of changes in the values of existing FX derivative positions do not represent changes in cash flows, but a variation in the exposure of market value, the outstanding hedging positions do not impact results (they are registered as
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cash flow hedges under IFRS Accounting Standards, therefore, a change in the foreign exchange rate has an impact on the equity of the Company).
Balance sheet exposure of LATAM to the Brazilian Real is related to the functional currency of LATAM Airlines Brazil and its balance sheet currency mismatch, as LATAM Airlines Brazil has a net US$ liability position. When the balance sheet denominated in U.S. dollars is translated to Brazilian Real, the financial results of LATAM Airlines Brazil may fluctuate and therefore could impact LATAM’s financial results.
The exposure to the Brazilian real on LATAM Airlines Brazil balance sheet has been reduced from over US$ 4 billion since the merger between LAN and TAM in June 2012 to around US$ 66 million as of December 31, 2023. The Company continues working to mitigate this exposure through financial and operational mechanisms.
The following table shows the sensitivity of LATAM Airlines Brazil’s financial results to changes in the R$/US$ exchange rate:
|
LATAM Airlines Brazil exchange rate sensitivity Position
effect on pre-tax earnings as of December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2023 LATAM | 2022 LATAM | 2021 LATAM | |||||||||||||||
| (millions of US$) | |||||||||||||||||
| Appreciation (depreciation) of R$/US$ | |||||||||||||||||
| -10% | +6.6 | +70.7 | +51.9 | ||||||||||||||
| +10% | -6.6 | -70.7 | -51.9 | ||||||||||||||
Our foreign currency exchange exposure as of December 31, 2023 was as follows:
| LATAM foreign currency exchange exposure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Dollars MUS$ | % of total |
Brazilian real
MUS$ |
% of total |
Chilean pesos
MUS$ |
% of total |
Other currencies
MUS$ |
% of total | Total MUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current assets | 2,053,133 | 48.8 | % | 1,431,319 | 34.1 | % | 283,999 | 6.8 | % | 434,911 | 10.3 | % | 4,203,362 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 8,716,043 | 83.3 | % | 1,625,725 | 15.5 | % | 65,215 | 0.6 | % | 56,970 | 0.5 | % | 10,463,953 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 10,769,176 | 73.4 | % | 3,057,044 | 20.8 | % | 349,214 | 2.4 | % | 491,881 | 3.4 | % | 14,667,315 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | 2,742,397 | 48.2 | % | 103,808 | 1.8 | % | 916,034 | 16.1 | % | 1,925,896 | 33.9 | % | 5,688,135 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term liabilities | 7,267,532 | 85.1 | % | 926,289 | 10.8 | % | 278,265 | 3.3 | % | 68,819 | 0.8 | % | 8,540,905 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 10,009,929 | 70.3 | % | 1,030,097 | 7.2 | % | 1,194,299 | 8.4 | % | 1,994,715 | 14.0 | % | 14,229,040 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | 438,275 | 100.0 | % | — | — | — | — | — | — | 438,275 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | 10,448,204 | 71.2 | % | 1,030,097 | 7.0 | % | 1,194,299 | 8.1 | % | 1,994,715 | 13.6 | % | 14,667,315 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk of Fluctuations in Interest Rates
As of December 31, 2023, LATAM had US$4.0 billion in outstanding interest-bearing loans. LATAM usually uses interest rate derivatives to reduce the impact of an increase of interest rates, although at this moment, given the Chapter 11 proceedings, LATAM has no derivatives ongoing. Given this situation, approximately 50% of LATAM outstanding debt as of December 31, 2023, was effectively at a fixed rate.
LATAM’s interest-bearing loans can be classified by: variable interest rate debt and fixed interest rate. LATAM’s variable interest rate debt amounts to US$2,027 million, from which 46% is assigned to aircraft financing and 54% to non-aircraft financing. The fixed interest rate debt amounts are US$2,007 million of which 35% is assigned to aircraft financing and 65% to non-aircraft financing.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not maintain interest rate derivative positions in force. As of December 31, 2022, the value of interest rate derivative positions amounted to US$8.8 million (positive) corresponding to operating lease hedges in order to fix the rents upon delivery of the aircraft.
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During the period ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized losses of US$1.8 million (negative) corresponding to the recognition for premiums paid.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a decrease in the right-of-use asset due to the expiration of derivatives for US$14.9 million associated with aircraft leases. As of December 31, 2023, a lower depreciation expense of the right-of-use asset for US$1.1 million (positive) was recognized. As of December 31, 2022, the Company recognized US$0.1 million (positive) for this same concept.
As of December 31, 2023, the average interest rate of our outstanding interest-bearing long-term debt rate was 10.7%.
The following table summarizes our principal payment obligations on all of our interest-bearing debt as of December 31, 2023, and the related average interest rate for such debt. The average interest rate has been calculated based on the prevailing interest rate on December 31, 2023 for each loan.
|
LATAM’s principal payment obligations by year of expected maturity
(1)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Average
interest rate
(2)
|
2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 and thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (millions of US$) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | 10.7 | % | 207 | 257 | 211 | 1,903 | 176 | 1,296 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
______________________________________________________
(1)
At cost.
(2)
Average interest rate means the average prevailing interest rate on our debt on December 31, 2023.
The following table shows the sensitivity of changes in our long-term interest-bearing liabilities and capital leases that are not hedged against interest-rate variations. These changes are considered reasonably possible based on current market conditions.
|
LATAM’s interest rate sensitivity
(effect on pre-tax earnings) Position as of December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2023 LATAM | 2022 LATAM | 2021 LATAM | |||||||||||||||
| (millions of US$) | |||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) of future curve SOFR rate | |||||||||||||||||
| +100 | -20.27 | -22.64 | -46.31 | ||||||||||||||
| -100 basis points | +20.27 | +22.64 | +46.31 | ||||||||||||||
Changes in market conditions produce a change in the valuation of current financial instruments hedging against fluctuations in interest rates, causing an effect on the Company’s equity (because they are booked as cash-flow hedges). These changes are considered reasonably possible based on current market conditions. The calculations were made by increasing (decreasing) 100 basis points of the interest rate curve.
| LATAM’s interest rate sensitivity (effect on equity) Position as of December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 LATAM | 2022 LATAM | 2021 LATAM | |||||||||||||||
| (millions of US$) | |||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) interest rate curve | |||||||||||||||||
| Future Rates | |||||||||||||||||
| +100 basis points | — | +6.9 | — | ||||||||||||||
| -100 basis points | — | -8.2 | — | ||||||||||||||
During the periods presented, the Company has recorded $0.1 million (negative) for ineffectiveness in the consolidated income statement for this type of coverage.
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There are market-related limitations in the method used for the sensitivity analysis. These limitations derive from the fact that the levels indicated by the futures curves may not be necessarily met and may change in each period.
ITEM 12 DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
A.
Debt Securities
Not applicable.
B.
Warrants and Rights
Not applicable.
C.
Other Securities
Not applicable.
D.
American Depositary Shares
In the United States, our common shares trade in the form of ADS. Since August 2007, each ADS represents one common share, issued by The Bank of New York Mellon, as Depositary pursuant to a Deposit Agreement. ADSs commenced trading on the NYSE in 1997. In October 2011, our Depositary bank changed from The Bank of New York Mellon to JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JP Morgan”).
Fees and Charges for ADR Holders
JP Morgan, as depositary, collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of the distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may also collect its annual fee for depositary services by deductions from cash distributions, by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of
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participants acting for them. The depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.
| Persons depositing or withdrawing shares must pay: | For: | |||||||
| US$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs) |
•
Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property
•
Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates
|
|||||||
| US$0.05 (or less) per ADS |
•
Any cash distribution to ADS registered holders
|
|||||||
| A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs |
•
Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to ADS registered holders
|
|||||||
| US$0.05 (or less) per ADSs per calendar year |
•
Depositary services
|
|||||||
| Registration or transfer fees |
•
Transfer and registration of shares on the depositary’s share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when investors deposit or withdraw shares
|
|||||||
| Expenses of the depositary |
•
Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions
•
Conversion of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars
|
|||||||
| Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian has to pay on any ADS or share underlying an ADS, such as stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes |
•
As necessary
|
|||||||
| Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities |
•
As necessary
|
|||||||
Fees and Direct and Indirect Payments Made by the Depositary to the Foreign Issuer
Past Fees and Payments
During 2023, the Company did not received any payment from the depositary for continuing annual stock exchange listing fees, standard out-of-pocket maintenance costs for the ADRs (consisting of the expenses of postage and envelopes for mailing annual and interim financial reports, printing and distributing dividend checks, electronic filing of U.S. Federal tax information, mailing required tax forms, stationery, postage, facsimile, and telephone calls), payments related to applicable performance indicators relating to the ADR facility, underwriting fees and legal fees.
Future Fees and Payments
JP Morgan, as the depositary bank, has agreed to reimburse the Company for certain of our reasonable expenses related to our ADS program and incurred by us in connection with the program. The reimbursements include direct payments (legal and accounting fees incurred in connection with preparation of Form 20-F and ongoing SEC compliance and listing requirements, listing fees, investor relations expenses, advertising and public relations expenses and fees payable to service providers for the distribution of hard copy materials to beneficial ADR holders in the Depositary Trust Company, such as information related to shareholders’ meetings and related voting instruction cards); and indirect payments (third-party expenses paid directly and fees waived).
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PART II
ITEM 13 DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
ITEM 14 MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 15 CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
A.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management carried out an evaluation, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon such evaluation, management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2023, were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
B.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The management of the Company, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, as amended.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, and that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. LATAM Airlines Group S.A.’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on the criteria established in Internal Control - “Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and, based on such criteria, LATAM Airlines Group S.A.’s management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective. The company’s internal control over financial reporting effectiveness as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers Consultores Auditores y Compañía Limitada, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report included herein.
C.
Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.
See page F-2 of our audited consolidated financial statements.
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D.
Changes in internal controls over financial reporting.
There have been no changes that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16 RESERVED
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our Board of Directors has appointed on February 22, 2024, Fred Curado, Sonia Villalobos and Michael Neruda as “audit committee financial experts” as defined in the instructions to Item 16A of the SEC’s Form 20-F. These individuals meet the applicable independence requirements of the SEC and Section 303A.02 of the New York Stock Exchange’s Listed Company Manual. For a discussion of the role of our audit committee, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—C. Board Practices—Committees— Board of Directors’ Committee and Audit Committee.”
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
We have adopted a code of ethics and conduct, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Exchange Act. Our code of ethics applies to our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and our Chief Accounting Officer, as well as to other employees. Our code is freely available online at our website, www.latamairlinesgroup.net, under the heading “Corporate Governance” on the Investor Relations page. In addition, upon written request, by regular mail, to the following address: LATAM Airlines Group S.A., Investor Relations Department, attention: Investor Relations, Av. Presidente Riesco 5711, 20th Floor, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile or by e-mail at InvestorRelations@latam.com we will provide any person with a copy of it without charge. If we amend the provisions of our code of ethics that apply to our senior management or to other persons performing similar functions, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose such amendment or waiver on our website.
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Audit and Non-Audit Fees
The following table sets forth the fees paid to our independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers Consultores Auditores y Compañía Limitada, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| USD (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Audit fees | 1,637 | 3,026 | |||||||||
| Audit-related fees | - | - | |||||||||
| Tax fees | - | - | |||||||||
| All Other fees | 2 | 45 | |||||||||
| Total fees | 1,639 | 3,071 | |||||||||
Audit-related fees in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers Consultores Auditores y Compañía Limitada for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements or that are traditionally performed by the external auditor, including due diligence and other audit related services.
Board of Directors’ Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Since January 2004, LATAM has complied with SEC regulations regarding the type of additional services our independent auditors are authorized to offer to us. In addition, our board of directors’ Committee (which serves as our Audit Committee) has decided to automatically authorize any such accepted services, individually or jointly considered during one calendar year, for an amount of up to 20% of the fees charged by the auditing firm. If the amount of any services, individually or jointly considered during one calendar year, is larger than these thresholds, approval by the board of directors’ Committee will be required.
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ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
None.
ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
None.
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
As a result of our Chapter 11 proceedings, the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) filed with the SEC a notice on June 10, 2020 in order to delist our American Depositary Shares (ADSs). The delisting became effective on June 22, 2020. Our ADSs continue to trade in the over-the-counter market under the ticker “LTMAY.”
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
ITEM 16J. RESERVED
ITEM 16K. CYBERSECURITY MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY
It is a priority for LATAM to ensure adequate levels of protection and cybersecurity for its operations and business processes, as well as for the security of customer, investor and employee information. In light of this priority, LATAM has designed a robust risk management process, which is under continuous improvement seeking to adapt to the latest standards and technology. This process includes the creation of a cybersecurity risk assessment program that allows the identification and timely management of current group's risks, including financial fraud, confidential data loss, regulatory noncompliance, unavailable technologies and reputational damage, by performing the necessary reviews on the technological assets that support the business. The program is governed by three layers of control: the first one is led by risk managers and those responsible for IT controls, the second one is led by the compliance and legal department, as well as the Technological and CyberSecurity risk area, and the third one is led by our internal audit team.
The cybersecurity risk management process is based on the best practices provided by ISO/IEC 27000, ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 3100 and international standards such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”), mainly to delimit the phases of identification and contextualization, evaluation, treatment, monitoring, communication and awareness of cybersecurity risks. In addition, LATAM Airlines Group is certified in the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI DSS”) and complies with applicable local data privacy legislation, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and IATA safety standards.
LATAM has a team (the “Cybersecurity Team”) duly trained to provide transversal support on issues of cybersecurity governance, risk and compliance, vulnerability management, awareness training, data protection, cybersecurity architecture, red team, identities and logical access, cyber defense and threat intelligence, all of which are interconnected and strongly involved throughout the risk management process and are under the leadership of the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). Similarly, the cybersecurity operating model adopted by the company is based on the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (“CSF”).
During the last five years, the business strategy, results of operations and financial situation have not been materially affected by cybersecurity threat risks and, although it cannot be guaranteed that they will not be materially affected in the future by such risks or any material incident, it is understood that the threat environment is dynamic and therefore, it requires the combination of emerging strategies that are at the forefront of new attack trends, without leaving aside the traditional or core strategies that give life to the management of cybersecurity in the company.
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In relation to cybersecurity risk management processes, the Cybersecurity Team is involved from the beginning in the development of technological projects that support the business, as a strategy to ensure the operations and business of LATAM group, generating a positive impact on key areas of the company and contributing to the satisfaction of customers, shareholders, investors, among other stakeholder groups.
In addition, cyber risk management extends to the monitoring and identification of threats associated with the use of outsourced service providers, which is why a third-party risk management program has been designed and implemented on an ongoing basis, based on a framework that collects the best international practices such as ISO/IEC 27000 and 31000 to manage these risks in a timely manner, also NIST SP 800-161 for the evaluation of the maturity level. Through this program, LATAM manages to classify suppliers according to their critical risk levels and implementing appropriate strategies for the verification of their internal controls, which, in turn, allow strengthening the control of our cybersecurity. The company's external service critical vendors are continuously monitored using the BitSight automated tool and are contractually obliged to report to LATAM the occurrence of incidents that affect its services, business and data.
Between 2022 and 2023, the vulnerability management process has been strengthened, and we created a Technical Vulnerability Management Program which is part of the cybersecurity risk management program and allows us to address all the company’s processes in a transversal manner. This program is based on the early detection of vulnerabilities in technological and information assets, prioritizing those that are critical for the business. It is fed back to the processes of active threat hunting and threat intelligence, which has allowed directing efforts towards prevention.
As a key complement to risk management in this area, LATAM has defined tactics and strategies for the defense of cybersecurity, which are executed by a multidisciplinary team dedicated exclusively to the chain of protection, detection, response and recovery of the company's operations in the event of any cybersecurity event or incident. The company has a Security Operations Center (SOC) for the detection of cybersecurity incidents through the System Information and Event Management (SIEM) tool, as well as a group of expert IT and Cybersecurity engineers performs containment and the CSIRT team prepares the response. There is also an external service specialized in forensic analysis if required.
The technical controls implemented are periodically tested through simulated attack exercises and independent evaluations, in order to verify the degree of effectiveness and efficiency and thus, be the kick-off of the continuous improvement program of cybersecurity. In addition, these strategies keep the company permanently alert to advanced threats and possible attack vectors that could compromise the availability of commercial services or threaten the privacy and integrity of information. In the last three fiscal years, we have not faced any significant incident of information security violation, and the costs associated with possible incidents of this type were insignificant.
As a reinforcement of tactical and operational strategies to maintain cybersecurity standards, LATAM develops an annual training and awareness plan under the Information Security Awareness and Training Standard. The activities of this plan include the updating of e-learning based on awareness, training and education adapted to all roles in the company. This translates into the creation of a culture based on the constant development of knowledge for internal personnel, suppliers and customers.
Governance
With regard to cybersecurity governance, LATAM has defined an organizational structure with specialized and dedicated personnel and formal instances of high hierarchical level, with powers and competencies required to manage information security and cybersecurity. As part of this organizational structure, the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) performs a risk function and is responsible for the design and maintenance of an adequate system of identification, monitoring, control and mitigation of data protection and cybersecurity risks. The CISO reports hierarchically to the IT Vice President (CIO) and the CIO, in turn, to the CEO of the company.
During the second half of 2023, the CISO role began to be occupied by André Pires Magalhaes, who has academic training in Electronics Engineering at the University of Sao Paulo (Brazil, 2000) and MBA in Corporate Management at the Getulio Vargas Foundation (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2004). Likewise, André has international level certificates in the Information Security and Governance areas, among which ITIL Foundation V3 (2012), CRISC (2010), ISO/IEC 27001 Audit Leader (2010), CGEIT 2009), CISM (2008), CISA (2007) and has a professional career of 21 years of experience in Risk Management Information Security, developing management, strategy and project management activities. André successfully lead cybersecurity and information security teams in companies from various economic sectors in the South America Region, including FALABELLA Corporated, Santander Chile Bank, PRODUBAN Chile (ISBAN), General
138
Motors (Chile, Perú and Brazil), CPM Brazis Technology (Brazil), Natura Cosmetics (Brazil), Alcoa Aluminio S.A (Brazil).
LATAM group also has an Executive Committee responsible for assessing the company’s tolerance to cybersecurity risks, as well as ensuring the allocation of necessary resources, infrastructure personnel and tools for the proper management of these risks. The CISO provides monthly reports to the Executive Committee on the results of the monitoring of the strategies defined for the adequate management of risks in this area, including the results of the periodic evaluation carried out by independent experts on the company’s cybersecurity management program, such as MANDIANT and GM Sectec, among others.
The primary role of the Board and Executive Committee is to oversee the company’s security management program, recognizing that management is responsible for designing, implementing and maintaining an effective program to protect and mitigate data privacy and cybersecurity risks. The full Board receives annual information security and privacy training provided by the CISO. During quarterly meetings, the CIO presents to the Board the status of cyber threats and the effectiveness of measures taken to mitigate them. The independent third party-providers, through its periodic internal control report, also report on cybersecurity issues.
LATAM’s Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things, independently supervising the company’s risk management, including data privacy and cybersecurity risks, which is managed by the Internal Audit department, incorporating strategic metrics, reviewing status of ongoing initiatives, significant incidents and their impact, emerging threats in the sector as well as the results of internal audits.
Finally, the Cybersecurity team annually reviews and updates its governance documents, including the Information Security Policy, the internal regulations that dictate the general guidelines for securing the company’s information and technological assets, and the Information Security Program Plan. Compliance with the information security and cybersecurity documentary framework is reviewed annually by the Internal Audit team and by independent third parties who carry out compliance reviews associated with regulatory standards and laws such as PCI DSS, SOx, IOSA, among others.
ITEM 17 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
ITEM 18 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See our consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-1.
139
ITEM 19 EXHIBITS
Documents filed as exhibits to this annual report
| Exhibit No. | Description | ||||||||||
| 1.1 | |||||||||||
| 2.1 | |||||||||||
| 2.2 | |||||||||||
| 2(d)* | |||||||||||
| 2.3 | We hereby agree to furnish to the SEC, upon its request, copies of any instruments defining the rights of holders of our long-term debt (or any long-term debt of our subsidiaries for which we are required to file consolidated or unconsolidated financial statements), where such indebtedness does not exceed 10% of our total consolidated assets. | ||||||||||
| 2.4 | |||||||||||
| 2.5 | |||||||||||
| 4.1.1 | |||||||||||
| 4.1.2 | |||||||||||
| 4.1.3 | |||||||||||
| 4.1.4 | |||||||||||
| 4.1.5 | |||||||||||
140
| Exhibit No. | Description | ||||||||||
| 4.1.6 | |||||||||||
| 4.1.7 | |||||||||||
| 4.1.8 | |||||||||||
| 4.1.9 | |||||||||||
| 4.1.10 | |||||||||||
| 4.2 | |||||||||||
| 4.3 | |||||||||||
| 4.3.1 | |||||||||||
| 4.3.2 | |||||||||||
| 4.3.3 | |||||||||||
| 4.3.4 | |||||||||||
141
142
| Exhibit No. | Description | ||||||||||
| 4.12 | |||||||||||
| 4.13 | |||||||||||
| 4.13.1 | |||||||||||
| 4.13.2 | |||||||||||
| 4.13.3 | |||||||||||
|
4.13.4
|
|||||||||||
|
4.13.5*##
|
Amendment No. 10 (dated as of August 17, 2023) to the A320 NEO Purchase Agreement dated as of June 22, 2011, between the Company and Airbus S.A. [Portions of this document have been omitted. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally an unredacted copy of the exhibit to the SEC upon its request]
.
|
||||||||||
| 4.14 | |||||||||||
| 4.15 | |||||||||||
| 4.16 | |||||||||||
| 4.17 | |||||||||||
| 4.18 | |||||||||||
| 4.19 | |||||||||||
143
| Exhibit No. | Description | ||||||||||
| 4.20 | |||||||||||
| 4.21 | |||||||||||
| 4.22 | |||||||||||
| 4.23 | |||||||||||
| 4.24 | |||||||||||
| 4.25 | |||||||||||
| 4.25.1 | |||||||||||
| 4.25.2 | |||||||||||
| 4.25.3 | |||||||||||
| 4.26 | |||||||||||
| 4.26.1 | |||||||||||
| 4.26.2 | |||||||||||
144
| Exhibit No. | Description | ||||||||||
| 4.26.3 | |||||||||||
| 4.26.4 | |||||||||||
| 4.26.5 | |||||||||||
| 4.26.6 | |||||||||||
| 4.27 | |||||||||||
| 4.27.1 | |||||||||||
|
4.27.2##
|
|||||||||||
| 4.28 | |||||||||||
| 4.29 | |||||||||||
|
4.29.1
|
|||||||||||
|
4.29.2
|
|||||||||||
145
| Exhibit No. | Description | ||||||||||
|
4.29.3
|
|||||||||||
|
4.29.4
|
|||||||||||
|
4.29.5*##
|
|||||||||||
|
4.29.6*##
|
|||||||||||
| 4.30 | |||||||||||
|
4.30.1
|
|||||||||||
|
4.30.2
|
|||||||||||
| 4.31 | |||||||||||
| 4.32 | |||||||||||
| 4.33 | |||||||||||
| 4.34 | |||||||||||
| 4.35 | |||||||||||
146
147
________________________________________________________
*
Filed herewith.
##
Certain portions of this exhibit have been redacted pursuant to 4(a) of the Instructions as to Exhibits of Form 20-F. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally an unredacted copy of the exhibit to the SEC upon its request.
148
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023
CONTENTS
| CLP | - | CHILEAN PESO | ||||||
| UF | - | CHILEAN UNIDAD DE FOMENTO | ||||||
| ARS | - | ARGENTINE PESO | ||||||
| US$ | - | UNITED STATES DOLLAR | ||||||
| THUS$ | - | THOUSANDS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS | ||||||
| MUS$ | - | MILLIONS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS | ||||||
| COP | - | COLOMBIAN PESO | ||||||
| BRL/R$ | - | BRAZILIAN REAL | ||||||
| THR$ | - | THOUSANDS OF BRAZILIAN REAL | ||||||
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Latam Airlines Group S.A.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Latam Airlines Group S.A. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income by function, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows–direct method for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in
Internal Control - Integrated Framework
(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in
Internal Control - Integrated Framework
(2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the
| PwC Chile, Av. Andrés Bello 2711 - piso 5, Las Condes - Santiago, Chile | ||||||||
| RUT: 81.513.400-1 | Teléfono (56 2) 2940 0000 | www.pwc.cl | ||||||||
F-2
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated
financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Valuation of Loyalty Programs Breakage
As described in Notes 2.19, 4(e) and 21 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has recorded deferred income of US$3,394 million as of December 31, 2023, of which US$1,279 million was related to deferred income associated with the loyalty programs. The deferred income of loyalty programs is determined based on the estimated stand-alone selling price of unused miles and points awarded to the members of the loyalty programs reduced for breakage. Management used statistical models to estimate the breakage which involved significant judgments and assumptions relating to the historical redemption and expiration activity and forecasted redemption and expiration patterns.
F-3
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of loyalty programs breakage is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the breakage estimate; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to estimating the historical redemption and expiration activity and forecasted redemption and expiration patterns; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s valuation of loyalty programs breakage, including controls over management’s review of the statistical models and resulting breakage estimates. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s process for developing the breakage estimate; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the statistical models; and (iii) testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of underlying data used in the models. Evaluating management’s assumptions used to develop the breakage estimate involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the available information regarding the miles and points redemption and expiration patterns; (ii) management’s actions to incentive holders of the loyalty programs to redeem their miles and points; and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s methodology and assumptions used to develop the breakage estimate.
|
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers
|
||
|
PricewaterhouseCoopers Consultores
Auditores y Compañia Limitada
|
||
February 22, 2024
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1991.
F-4
Contents of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries.
| Notes | Page | |||||||
|
F-
14
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F-5
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
ASSETS
| Note |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
|||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||
| Current Assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 6 - 7 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other financial assets | 7 - 11 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other non-financial assets | 12 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Trade and other accounts receivable | 7 - 8 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable from related entities | 7 - 9 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Inventories | 10 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Current tax assets | 17 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total current assets other than non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for sale |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for sale | 13 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total current assets |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Non-current assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Other financial assets | 7 - 11 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other non-financial assets | 12 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 7 - 8 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets other than goodwill | 15 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 16 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 17 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total non-current assets |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total assets |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes 1 to 35 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
| Note |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
|||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Other financial liabilities | 7 - 18 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Trade and other accounts payables | 7 - 19 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable to related entities | 7 - 9 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other provisions | 20 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Current tax liabilities | 17 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other non-financial liabilities | 21 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Other financial liabilities | 7 - 18 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | 7 - 23 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other provisions | 20 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | 17 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Employee benefits | 22 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other non-financial liabilities | 21 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||
| Share capital | 24 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings/(losses) | 24 |
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Treasury Shares | 24 |
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Other equity | 24 |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other reserves | 24 |
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Parent’s ownership interest |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | 14 |
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total equity |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes 1 to 35 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME BY FUNCTION
| For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 5 - 25 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 26 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 27 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution costs | 26 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | 26 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 26 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Gains/(losses) from restructuring activities | 26 |
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other gains/(losses) | 26 |
(
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operation activities |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial income | 26 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Financial costs | 26 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange gains/(losses) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Result of indexation units |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before taxes |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense)/benefits | 17 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE YEAR |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) attributable to owners of the parent |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 14 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income (loss) for the year |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| EARNING (LOSS) PER SHARE | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per share (US$) | 29 |
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share (US$) | 29 |
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes 1 to 35 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME/(LOSS) |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Components of other comprehensive income (loss) that will not be reclassified to income before taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), before taxes, gains (losses) by new measurements on defined benefit plans | 24 |
(
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive (loss) that will not be reclassified to income before taxes |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Components of other comprehensive income that will be reclassified to income before taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation differences Gains (losses) on currency translation, before tax |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss, before taxes, currency translation differences |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges before taxes | 24 |
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment on cash flow hedges before tax | 24 |
(
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts removed from equity and included in the carrying amount of non-financial assets (liabilities) that were acquired or incurred through a highly probable hedged forecast transaction, before tax | 24 |
(
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (losses), before taxes, cash flow hedges |
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in value of time value of options | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains/(Losses) on change in value of time value of options before tax | 24 |
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments on change in value of time value of options before tax | 24 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, before taxes, changes in the time value of the options |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income that will be reclassified to income before taxes |
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Other components of other comprehensive income (loss), before taxes |
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax relating to new measurements on defined benefit plans | 17 |
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax relating to other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to income |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax relating to other comprehensive income (loss) that will be reclassified to income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax related to cash flow hedges in other comprehensive income (loss) |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes related to components of other comprehensive loss will be reclassified to income |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Other comprehensive income (loss) |
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to owners of the parent |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes 1 to 35 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| Attributable to owners of the parent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in other reserves | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note |
Share
capital |
Other
equity |
Treasury
shares |
Currency
translation reserve |
Cash flow
hedging reserve |
Gains
(Losses) from changes in the time value of the options |
Actuarial
gains or losses on defined benefit plans reserve |
Shares
based payments reserve |
Other
sundry reserve |
Total
other reserve |
Retained
earnings/(losses) |
Parent’s
ownership interest |
Non-
controlling interest |
Total
equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity as of January 1, 2023 |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total increase (decrease) in equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income/(loss) for the period | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — |
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
— | — |
(
|
— |
(
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | — | — | — |
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
— | — |
(
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transactions with shareholders | 24-34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
(
|
(
|
— |
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase for other contributions from the owners | 24 | — |
|
— | — | — | — | — | — |
(
|
(
|
— |
|
— |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) through transfers and other changes, equity | 24-34 |
(
|
(
|
|
— | — | — | — | — |
|
|
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total transactions with shareholders |
(
|
|
|
— | — | — | — | — |
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes 1 to 35 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-10
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| Attributable to owners of the parent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in other reserves | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note |
Share
capital |
Other equity |
Treasury
shares |
Currency
translation reserve |
Cash flow
hedging reserve |
Gains (Losses)
from changes in the time value of the options |
Actuarial gains
or losses on defined benefit plans reserve |
Shares based
payments reserve |
Other
sundry reserve |
Total
other reserve |
Retained
earnings/(losses) |
Parent’s
ownership interest |
Non-
controlling interest |
Total
equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity as of January 1, 2022 |
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total increase (decrease) in equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income/(loss) for the period | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — |
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
— | — |
|
— |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | — | — | — |
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
— | — |
|
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transactions with shareholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity issue | 24 -33 |
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
— |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase for other contributions from the owners | 24 | — |
|
— | — | — | — | — | — |
(
|
(
|
— |
|
— |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) through transfers and other changes, equity | 24 -33 |
|
(
|
— | — | — | — | — | — |
(
|
(
|
— |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total transactions with shareholders |
|
|
— | — | — | — | — | — |
(
|
(
|
— |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2022 |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes 1 to 35 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-11
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| Attributable to owners of the parent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in other reserves | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note |
Share
capital |
Treasury
shares |
Currency
translation reserve |
Cash flow
hedging reserve |
Gains (Losses) from changes in the time value of the options |
Actuarial gains
or losses on defined benefit plans reserve |
Shares based
payments reserve |
Other
sundry reserve |
Total
other reserve |
Retained
earnings/(losses) |
Parent’s
ownership interest |
Non-
controlling interest |
Total
equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity as of January 1, 2021 |
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) by application of new accounting standards | 2-25 |
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial balance restated |
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total increase (decrease) in equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income/(loss) for the year | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — |
|
|
(
|
|
— | — |
|
— |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | — | — |
|
|
(
|
|
— | — |
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transactions with shareholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) through transfers and other changes, equity | 25-34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
(
|
(
|
— |
(
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total transactions with shareholders | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
(
|
(
|
— |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2021 |
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes 1 to 35 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-12
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - DIRECT METHOD
|
For the year ended
December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash collection from operating activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of goods and services |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Other cash receipts from operating activities |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for operating activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments to suppliers for the supply goods and services | 34 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Payments to and on behalf of employees |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Other payments for operating activities |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes (paid) |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Other cash inflows (outflows) | 34 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (outflow) inflow from operating activities |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from losses of control of subsidiaries or other businesses |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Other cash receipts from sales of equity or debt instruments of other entities |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Other payments to acquire equity or debt instruments of other entities |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts raised from sale of property, plant and equipment |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of intangible assets |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest received |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Other cash inflows (outflows) | 34 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (outflow) inflow from investing activities |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the issuance of shares | 34 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in loss of control |
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts from the issuance of other equity instruments | 34 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts raised from long-term loans | 34 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts raised from short-term loans | 34 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Loans from related entities | 32 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Loans repayments | 34 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Payments of lease liabilities | 34 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Payments of loans to related entities | 34 |
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Interest paid |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Other cash (outflows) inflows | 34 |
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities |
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents before effect of exchanges rate change |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Effects of variation in the exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR | 6 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR | 6 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes 1 to 35 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-13
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023
NOTE 1 -
GENERAL INFORMATION
LATAM Airlines Group S.A. (“LATAM” or the "Company") is an open stock company which holds the values inscribed in the Registro de Valores of the Commission for the Financial Market, whose shares are listed in Chile on the Electronic Stock Exchange of Chile - Stock Exchange and the Santiago Stock Exchange. LATAM’s ADRs are currently trading in the United States of America on the OTC (Over-The-Counter) markets.
Its main business is the air transport of passengers and cargo, both in the domestic markets of Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil, as well as in a series of regional and international routes in America, Europe and Oceania. These businesses are developed directly or by its subsidiaries in Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Colombia and Paraguay. In addition, the Company has subsidiaries that operate in the cargo business in Chile, Brazil and Colombia.
The Company is located in Chile, in the city of Santiago, on Avenida Presidente Riesco No. 5711, Las Condes commune.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s statutory capital is represented by
604,441,789,335
ordinary shares without nominal value. Of such amount, as of said date,
604,437,877,587
shares were subscribed and paid. The foregoing, considering the capital increase approved by the shareholders of the company at an extraordinary meeting held on July 5, 2022, in the context of the implementation of its reorganization plan approved and confirmed in the Chapter 11 Proceedings, as well as the Capital decrease required for the Chilean Capital Markets law that appears in a public deed dated September 6, 2023, granted at the Notaría of Santiago of Mr. Eduardo Javier Diez Morello.
The major shareholders of the Company, considering the total amount of subscribed and paid shares, are Banco de Chile on behalf of State Street which owns
45.81
%, Banco de Chile on behalf of Non-Resident Third Parties with
11.94
% Delta Air Lines with
10.05
% and Qatar Airways with
10.03
% ownership.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a total of
2,100
shareholders in its registry. At that date, approximately
0.01
% of the Company’s capital stock was in the form of ADRs.
During 2023, the LATAM Group had an average of
34,174
employees, ending this year with a total number of
35,568
collaborator, distributed in
5,149
Administration employees,
17,655
in Operations,
8,688
Cabin Crew and
4,076
Command crew.
F-14
The main subsidiaries included in these consolidated financial statements are as follows:
a)
Percentage ownership
| Tax No. | Company |
Country
of origin |
Functional
Currency |
As December 31, 2023 | As December 31, 2022 | As December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct | Indirect | Total | Direct | Indirect | Total | Direct | Indirect | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.969.680-0 | Lan Pax Group S.A. and Subsidiaries | Chile | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Latam Airlines Perú S.A. | Peru | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 93.383.000-4 | Lan Cargo S.A. | Chile | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 76.717.244-3 | Prime Cargo SpA. | Chile | CLP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Connecta Corporation | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Prime Airport Services Inc. and Subsidiary | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.951.280-7 | Transporte Aéreo S.A. | Chile | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.631.520-2 | Fast Air Almacenes de Carga S.A. | Chile | CLP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Foreign | Laser Cargo S.R.L. | Argentina | ARS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Lan Cargo Overseas Limited and Subsidiaries | Bahamas | US$ |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.969.690-8 | Lan Cargo Inversiones S.A. and Subsidiary | Chile | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.575.810-0 | Inversiones Lan S.A. | Chile | US$ |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.847.880-K | Technical Training LATAM S.A. | Chile | CLP |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Foreign | Latam Finance Limited | Cayman Island | US$ |
|
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|
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| Foreign | Peuco Finance Limited | Cayman Island | US$ |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Foreign | Professional Airline Services INC. | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Foreign | Jarletul S.A. | Uruguay | US$ |
|
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|
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| Foreign | Latam Travel S.R.L. | Bolivia | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 76.262.894-5 | Latam Travel Chile II S.A. | Chile | US$ |
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
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| Foreign | Latam Travel S.A. | Argentina | ARS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries (*) | Brazil | BRL |
|
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|
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|
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(*)
As of December 31, 2023, the indirect participation percentage on TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries is from Holdco I S.A., a company over which LATAM Airlines Group S.A. it has a
100
% share on economic rights and
51.04
% of political rights. Its percentage arose as a result of the provisional measure No.863 of the Brazilian government implemented in December 2018 that allows foreign capital to have up to
100
% of the share ownership of a Brazilian Airline.
F-15
b)
Financial Information
| Statement of financial position | Net Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | As of December 31, 2021 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax No. | Company | Assets | Liabilities | Equity | Assets | Liabilities | Equity | Assets | Liabilities | Equity | Gain /(loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.969.680-0 | Lan Pax Group S.A. and Subsidiaries (*) |
|
|
(
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(
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(
|
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(
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(
|
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| Foreign | Latam Airlines Perú S.A. |
|
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(
|
(
|
(
|
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| 93.383.000-4 | Lan Cargo S.A. |
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(
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| 76.717.244-3 | Prime Cargo SpA. |
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| Foreign | Connecta Corporation |
|
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|
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| Foreign | Prime Airport Services Inc. and Subsidiary (*) |
|
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|
|
(
|
|
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|
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| 96.951.280-7 | Transporte Aéreo S.A. |
|
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|
|
(
|
(
|
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| 96.631.520-2 | Fast Air Almacenes de Carga S.A. |
|
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| Foreign | Laser Cargo S.R.L. |
|
|
(
|
|
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(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
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| Foreign | Lan Cargo Overseas Limited and Subsidiaries (*) |
|
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|
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(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.969.690-8 | Lan Cargo Inversiones S.A. and Subsidiary (*) |
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
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| 96.575.810-0 | Inversiones Lan S.A. (*) |
|
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|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
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| 96.847.880-K | Technical Training LATAM S.A. |
|
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| Foreign | Latam Finance Limited |
|
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(
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(
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(
|
(
|
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| Foreign | Peuco Finance Limited |
|
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| Foreign | Professional Airline Services INC. |
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| Foreign | Jarletul S.A. |
|
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(
|
|
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
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| Foreign | Latam Travel S.R.L. |
|
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|
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|
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
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| 76.262.894-5 | Latam Travel Chile II S.A. |
|
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
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| Foreign | Latam Travel S.A. |
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
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(
|
(
|
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| Foreign | TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries (*) |
|
|
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|
|
(
|
|
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(
|
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(
|
(
|
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(*)
The Equity reported corresponds to Equity attributable to owners of the parent, it does not include Non-controlling participation.
F-16
In addition, the following special purpose entities have been consolidated: (1) Chercán Leasing Limited, intended to finance advance payments of aircraft; (2) Guanay Finance Limited, intended for the issue of a securitized bond with future credit card payments (Liquidated in May 2023)
;
and (3) Yamasa Sangyo Aircraft LA1 Kumiai, Yamasa Sangyo Aircraft LA2 Kumiai, earmarked for aircraft financing. These companies have been consolidated as required by IFRS 10.
All entities over which LATAM has control have been included in the consolidation. The Company has analyzed the control criteria in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 10.
Changes occurred in the consolidation perimeter between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2023, are detailed below:
(1)
Incorporation or acquisition of companies
-
On December 22, 2022, LATAM Airlines Group S.A. purchased of
1,390,468,967
preferred shares of Latam Travel S.A.;consequently, the shareholding composition of Latam Travel S.A. is as follows: Lan Pax Group S.A. with
5.69
%, Inversora Cordillera S.A. with
0.30
% and LATAM Airlines Group S.A. with
94.01
%. These transactions were between LATAM Airlines Group entities and therefore did not generate any effects within the consolidated financial statements.
-
On March 29, 2023, a capital increase was made in TAM S.A. carried out a capital increase, through the contribution of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. of accounts receivable for ThUS$
785,865
; consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholder composition and therefore did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On March 29, 2023, a capital increase was made in TAM Linheas Aéreas S.A carried out a capital increase, through the contribution of TAM S.A. of accounts receivable for ThUS$
785,865
; consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholder composition and therefore did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On March 29, 2023, a capital increase was made in Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A. through the contribution of made a capital increase where Holdco Colombia I SpA made a contribution through accounts receivable for ThUS$
120,410
, consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholder composition and therefore did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On April 14, 2023, a capital reduction was carried out in Lan Argentina S.A. through the absorption of losses in the sum of ThUS$
160,170
. Consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholding composition and therefore it did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On June 7, 2023, a capital increase was made in TAM S.A. carried out a capital increase, through the contribution of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. of accounts receivable for ThUS$
308,031
, consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholder composition and therefore did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On June 7, 2023, a capital increase was made in TAM Linheas Aéreas S.A carried out a capital increase, through the contribution of TAM S.A. of accounts receivable for ThUS$
308,031
, consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholder composition and therefore did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On June 13 and 14, 2023, Inversiones Lan S.A. made a purchase of
923
shares from third parties, for an a total amount of ThUS$
23
, of the subsidiary Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A., consequently, these transactions generated a decrease in the non-controlling interest, without generating significant effects on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On July 21, 2023, a capital increase was carried out in Latam Airlines Ecuador S.A through the contribution of accounts receivable held by Holdco Ecuador S.A for ThUS$
3,100
, consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholding composition and Therefore, it did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-17
-
On July 28, 2023, Lan Cargo S.A purchased
1
share of Lan Cargo Overseas Limited from Inversiones Lan S.A. Consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholding composition and therefore did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On August 1, 2023, Inversiones Lan S.A. purchased
1
share of Americonsult SA de CV from Lan Cargo Overseas Limited. Consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholding composition and therefore did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On August 4, 2023, the merger of Holdco Colombia II SpA into Lan Pax Group S.A takes place, acquiring the latter all of its assets, liabilities, rights and obligations. As a result of the above, Holdco Colombia II SpA was dissolved. On the same date Lan Pax Group S.A carries out a capital increase of ThUS$
347
in Holdco Colombia I SpA through the contribution of
47,010
shares of Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. These transactions were carried out between entities under common control of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. Group. and, therefore, did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On September 11, 2023, the company Mas Investment Limited was liquidated and its shareholder Lan Cargo Overseas Limited acquired all its assets, liabilities, rights and obligations, as a result of the liquidation, including the investments that Mas Investment Limited held in the following companies: (i) Consultoría Administrativa Profesional S.A. de C.V., equivalent to
49,500
shares; (ii) Americonsult, S.A. de C.V., equivalent to
499
shares; (iii) Transporte Aéreo S.A. equivalent to
109,662
shares; and (iv) Inversiones Aereas S.A., equivalent to
15,216
shares. These transactions were carried out between entities under common control of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and, therefore, did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On September 11, 2023, the company Lan Cargo Overseas Limited was liquidated and its shareholder Lan Cargo S.A acquired all its all its assets, liabilities, rights and obligations, as a result of the liquidation, including the investments that Lan Cargo Overseas Limited held in the following companies: (i) Prime Airport Services Inc., equivalent to
105
shares; (ii) Americonsult de Costa Rica S.A, equivalent to
66
shares; (iii) Americonsult de Guatemala, Sociedad Anónima, equivalent to
50
shares; (iv) Consultoría Administrativa Profesional S.A. de C.V., equivalent to
49,500
shares; (v) Americonsult, S.A. de C.V., equivalent to
499
shares; (vi) Transporte Aéreo S.A. equivalent to
109,662
shares; and (vii) Inversiones Aereas S.A., equivalent to
15,216
shares. These transactions were carried out between entities under common control of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and, therefore, did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On September 15, 2023, a capital increase was made in TAM S.A. through the contribution of ThUS$
106,104
on accounts receivable from LATAM Airlines Group S.A.; consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholder composition and therefore did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On September 15, 2023, a capital increase was made in TAM Linheas Aéreas S.A through the contribution of ThUS$
106,104
on accounts receivable from TAM S.A., consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholder composition and therefore did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On October 23 and 30, 2023, Inversiones Lan S.A. purchased a total
183
shares from Non- controlling interest, for an a total amount of ThUS$
2
, of the subsidiary Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A., consequently, these transactions generated a decrease in non-controlling interest, with no generating significant effects on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On December 6, 2023, the company Prime Cargo SpA was incorporated, which is
100
% owned by Lan Cargo S.A., whose exclusive purpose is to carry out storage activities for all types of products and/or merchandise. This transaction was between entities of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and therefore did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-
On December 29, 2023, LATAM Airlines Group S.A. purchased of
2,392,166
preferred shares of Inversora Cordillera S.A. a Transportes Aéreos del Mercosur S.A.;consequently, the shareholding composition of Inversora Cordillera S.A. is as follows: Lan Pax Group S.A. with
99.95
% and LATAM Airlines Group S.A. with
0.05
%. These transactions were between subsidiaries of LATAM Airlines Group not generating any effects within the consolidated financial statements.
F-18
-
On December 29, 2023, LATAM Airlines Group S.A. purchased of
53,376
preferred shares of LAN Argentina S.A. a Transportes Aéreos del Mercosur S.A.;consequently, the shareholding composition of LAN Argentina S.A. is as follows: Lan Pax Group S.A. with
4.99
%, Inversora Cordillera S.A. with
94.96
% and LATAM Airlines Group S.A. with
0.05
%. These transactions were between subsidiaries of LATAM Airlines Group not generating any effects within the consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 2 -
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The following describes the principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements.
2.1.
Basis of Preparation
These consolidated financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS Accounting Standards) and with the interpretations issued by the International Financial Reporting Standards Interpretations Committee (IFRIC IC).
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historic-cost criterion, although modified by the valuation at fair value of certain financial instruments.
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to use its judgment in applying the Company’s accounting policies. Note 4 describe the areas that imply a greater degree of judgment or complexity or the areas where the assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements.
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies used by the Company in the preparation of the 2022 consolidated financial statements, except for the standards and interpretations adopted as of January 1, 2023.
(a)
Application of new standards for the year 2023 :
Accounting pronouncements with implementation effective from January 1, 2023:
| Issuance Date | Effective Date: | ||||||||||
| (i) Standards and amendments | |||||||||||
| IFRS 17: Insurance contracts, replaces IFRS 4. | May 2017 | 01/01/2023 | |||||||||
| Initial Application of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 — Comparative Information (Amendment to IFRS 17) | December 2021 | An entity that elects to apply the amendment applies it when it first applies IFRS 17 | |||||||||
| Amendment to IAS 1: Presentation of financial statements, on materiality accounting policies. | February 2021 | 01/01/2023 | |||||||||
| Amendment to IAS 8: Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and error, on separating between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies. | February 2021 | 01/01/2023 | |||||||||
| Amendment to IAS 12: Income taxes, on international tax reform – rules of the two pillar model. | May 2023 | 01/01/2023 | |||||||||
| Amendment to IAS 12: Income taxes, Deferred taxes related to assets and liabilities that arise from a single transaction. | May 2021 | 01/01/2023 | |||||||||
F-19
The application of these accounting standards as of January 1, 2023, had no significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
(b)
Accounting pronouncements not in force for the financial year beginning on January 1, 2023:
| Issuance Date | Effective Date: | ||||||||||
| (i) Standards and amendments | |||||||||||
| Amendment to IAS 1: Presentation of financial statements, on classification of liabilities. | January 2020 | 01/01/2024 | |||||||||
| Amendment to IAS 1: Presentation of financial statements, on non-current liabilities with covenants. | October 2022 | 01/01/2024 | |||||||||
| Amendment to IFRS 16: Leases, on sales with leaseback. | September 2022 | 01/01/2024 | |||||||||
| Amendment to IFRS 10: Consolidated financial statements and IAS 28: Investments in associates and joint ventures. | September 2014 | Not determined | |||||||||
| Amendments to IAS 7 "Statement of cash flows" and IFRS 7 "Financial Instruments: Information to be Disclosed" | May 2023 | 01/01/2024 | |||||||||
| Amendments to IAS 21: Lack of Exchangeability | August 2023 | 01/01/2025 | |||||||||
The Company’s management estimates that the adoption of the standards, amendments and interpretations described above will not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the exercise of their first application.
(c)
Chapter 11 Filing and Exit
Chapter 11 Filing and Procedure: Due to the effects on the operation of the restrictions established in the countries to control the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, on May 25, 2020 the Board of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. (“LATAM Parent”) resolved unanimously that LATAM Parent and some its subsidiaries should initiate a reorganization process in the United States of America according to the rules established in the Bankruptcy Code by filing a voluntary petition for relief in accordance with the same, which petition was submitted on May 26, 2020 and was jointly administered under Case Number 20-11254. Subsequently, Piquero Leasing Limited (July 7, 2020) and TAM S.A. and its subsidiaries in Brazil (July 9, 2020) joined the process (the voluntary petitions, collectively, the “Bankruptcy Filing” and each LATAM entity that filed a petition, a “Debtor” and jointly, the “Debtors”).
The Bankruptcy Filing for each of the Debtors (each one, respectively, a “Petition Date”) was jointly administered under the caption “In re LATAM Airlines Group S.A. et al.” Case Number 20-11254. On June 18, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court issued a memorandum decision approving the Debtors’ joint plan of reorganization (the “Plan”) and rejecting all remaining objections and entered an order confirming the Plan (the “Confirmation Order”). On November 3, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), the Plan was substantially consummated
and each of the Debtors emerged from the Chapter 11 proceedings as “Reorganized Debtors”. Pursuant to the Plan, the Company received an infusion of approximately US$
8.19
billion through a mix of new equity, convertible notes and debt, which enabled the Company to exit Chapter 11 with appropriate capitalization to effectuate its business plan. Upon emergence, the Company had total debt of approximately US$
6.8
billion,
cash and cash equivalents of approximately US$
1.1
billion and revolving undrawn facilities in the amount of US$
1.1
billion.
Specifically, the Plan provided that:
F-20
•
The Company conducted a US$
800
million common equity rights offering, open to all shareholders in accordance with their preemptive rights under applicable Chilean law, and fully backstopped by the parties participating in the Restructuring Support Agreement (RSA);
•
Three
distinct classes of convertible notes were issued by the Company, all of which were preemptively offered to shareholders. The preemptive rights offering period closed on October 12, 2022. For those securities not subscribed by the Company’s shareholders during the respective preemptive rights period:
•
New Convertible Notes Class A, hereinafter Class G Convertible notes (by
the denomination with which they were registered in the Registro de Valores of the CMF),
were delivered to certain general unsecured creditors of the Company in settlement of their allowed claims under the Plan.
The Issuance conditions:
Nominal Value : Approximately ThUS$
1,257,003
Conversion Ratio:
15.9046155045956
. The Convertible Notes Class G Conversion Ratio shall step down by
50
% after the
days (
60
) counted from the Effective Date.
Backup Shares:
19,992,142,087
Maturity: 31 Dec. 2121
Interest rate:
0
%
Conversion Conditions: They may be converted into shares of the Company within
twelve months
from the Effective Date of the Plan. As soon as
50
% of the holders of New Class G Convertible Notes have opted to convert, the remaining Class G Convertible Notes will be automatically converted.
•
New Convertible Notes Class B, hereinafter Class H Convertible notes (by the denomination with which they were registered in the Registro de Valores of the CMF), were subscribed and purchased by the shareholder that are part of the RSA.
The Issuance conditions:
Nominal Value: Approximately ThUS$
1,372,840
Conversion Ratio:
92.2623446840237
. The conversion ratio of Class H Convertible Notes will
be reduced by
50
% after the
days (
60
) counted from the fifth (5th) anniversary counted from the Effective Date .
Backup Shares:
126,661,409,136
Maturity: 31 Dec. 2121
Interest rate:
1
% interest rate payable in cash annually with no interest in the first
60
days.
Conversion Conditions:
a.
First Convertible Notes Class H Conversion Period: Each holder of Convertible Notes Class H will have the ability to convert its Convertible Notes Class H into shares of the Company within
(
60
) days from the Effective Date.
b.
Second Convertible Notes Class H Conversion Period: Each holder of Convertible Notes Class H will have the subsequent ability to convert their Convertible Notes Class H into shares of the Company beginning on the fifth (5th) anniversary of the Effective Date and until the sixth (6th) anniversary of the Effective Date.
•
New Convertible Notes Class C, hereinafter Class I Convertible notes (by the denomination with which they were registered in the Registro de Valores of the CMF), were provided to certain general unsecured creditors in exchange for a combination of a contribution of new money to the Company and the settlement of their allowed claims under the Plan, subject to certain limitations and holdbacks by the backstopping parties.
The Issuance conditions:
Nominal Value: Approximately ThUS$
6,863,427
Conversion Ratio:
56.143649821654
. The Convertible Notes Class I Conversion Ratio shall step down
50
% after the
days (
60
) counted from the Effective Date.
Backup Shares:
385,337,858,290
Maturity: 31 Dec. 2121
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Interest rate:
0
%
Conversion Conditions: They may be converted into shares within
12
months from the
Effective Date of the Plan. As soon as
50
% of the holders of Class I Convertible Notes have opted to convert, then the remaining Class I Convertible Notes will be automatically converted.
•
The election period for the Convertible Notes Class G and Convertible Notes Class I by creditors ended on October 6, 2022
.
•
General unsecured creditors that elected to receive Convertible Notes Class G or Convertible Notes Class I were entitled to receive a one-time cash distribution in an aggregate amount of approximately US$
175
million.
•
The Convertible Notes Classes H and I
were issued
, totally or partially, in consideration of a new money contribution for the aggregate amount of approximately US$
4.64
billion fully backstopped by the parties to the RSA.
•
In lieu of receiving Convertible Notes Class G or Convertible Notes Class I (and the aforementioned one-time cash distribution), general unsecured creditors were provided with the alternative of opting to receive New Local Notes issued by LATAM. As set forth in the Plan and based on the elections made by general unsecured creditors, such notes were issued in the amount of UF
3,818,042
(equal to approximately US$
130
million as of the date of their issuance).
Pursuant to the Plan and Backstop Agreements, LATAM raised up to
US$
500
million
through a new revolving credit facility and approximately US$
2.25
billion in total new money debt financing through exit financing (new term loan and new notes).
On September 2, 2022, the Convertible Notes Classes G, H and I together with the shares contemplated in the Plan were registered with the Chilean Registro de Valores of the Financial Market Commission (the “CMF”).
The CMF approved the New Local Notes on September 5, 2022.
The Debtors established September 12, 2022 as the record date with respect to creditors entitled to participate in the Convertible Notes Class G and Convertible Notes Class I, and commenced the offering of the Convertible Notes to claimholders on the same day.
As of
December 31, 2023
,
100.000
% of the Convertible Notes Class G was placed,
99.997
% of the Convertible Notes Class H was placed and
100.000
% of the Convertible Notes Class I was placed had been converted into equity, respectively (See Note 24).
As of the Effective Date, the Plan was substantially consummated. Pursuant to the Plan, the Reorganized Debtors were permitted to operate their businesses and manage their properties without supervision of the Bankruptcy Court and free of the restrictions of the Bankruptcy Code.
As customary in this type of restructurings, the docket of the Chapter 11 proceedings remained open after the Effective Date to finalize the reconciliation process of certain claims that were still outstanding as of the Effective Date, as well as to resolve certain administrative matters.
On June 29, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered a final decree in the Chapter 11 proceedings ordering that Case Number 20-11254 and its docket be closed (the “Final Decree”). The foregoing, as a result of the resolution of substantially all remaining matters in the Chapter 11 proceedings and all appeals of the Confirmation Order.
As part of their overall reorganization process, while the Chapter 11 proceedings were outstanding the Debtors sought and received relief in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions (i.e., Cayman Islands, Chile and Colombia).
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2.2. Basis of Consolidation
(a) Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all the entities (including special-purpose entities) over which the Company has the power to control the financial and operating policies, which are generally accompanied by a holding of more than half of the voting rights. In evaluating whether the Company controls another entity, the existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible at the date of the consolidated financial statements are considered. The subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is passed to the Company and they are excluded from the consolidation on the date they cease to be so controlled. The results and cash are incorporated from the date of acquisition.
Balances, transactions and unrealized gains on transactions between the Company’s entities are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment loss of the asset transferred. When necessary, in order to ensure uniformity with the policies adopted by the Company, the accounting policies of the subsidiaries are modified.
To account for and identify the financial information to be disclosed when carrying out a business combination, such as the acquisition of an entity by the Company, the acquisition method provided for in IFRS 3: Business combinations is used.
(b) Transactions with non-controlling interests
The Group applies the policy of considering transactions with non-controlling interests, when not related to the loss of control, as equity transactions without an effect on income.
(c) Sales of subsidiaries
When a subsidiary is sold and a percentage of participation is not retained, the Company derecognizes the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, the non-controlling interest and other components of equity related to the subsidiary. Any gain or loss resulting from the loss of control is recognized in the consolidated income statement by function within Other gains (losses).
If LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries retain an ownership of participation in the disposed subsidiary which does not represent control, this is recognized at fair value on the date that control is lost and the amounts previously recognized in Other comprehensive income are accounted as if the Company had disposed directly the assets and related liabilities, which can cause these amounts to be reclassified to profit or loss. The percentage retained valued at fair value is subsequently accounted using the equity method.
(d) Investees or associates
Investees or associates are all entities over which LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries have significant influence but have no control. This usually arises from holding between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are booked using the equity method and are initially recognized at their cost.
2.3. Foreign currency transactions
(a) Presentation and functional currencies
The items included in the financial statements of each of the entities of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and its Subsidiaries are valued using the currency of the main economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The functional currency of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. is the United States Dollar, which is also the presentation currency of the consolidated financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries.
(b) Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated to the functional currency using the exchange rates on the transaction dates. Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from the liquidation of these transactions and from the translation at the closing
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exchange rates of the monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are shown in the consolidated statement of income by function except when deferred in Other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedges.
(c) Adjustment due to hyperinflation
After July 1, 2018, the Argentine economy was considered, for purposes of IFRS Accounting Standards, hyperinflationary. The consolidated financial statements of the subsidiaries whose functional currency is the Argentine Peso have been restated.
The non-monetary items of the statement of financial position as well as the income statement, comprehensive income and cash flows of the group's entities, whose functional currency corresponds to a hyperinflationary economy, are adjusted for inflation and re-expressed in accordance with the variation of the consumer price index ("CPI"), at each presentation date of its financial statements. The re-expression of non-monetary items is made from the date of initial recognition in the statements of financial position and considering that the financial statements are prepared under the historical cost criterion.
Net losses or gains arising from the re-expression of non-monetary ítems and income and costs are recognized in the consolidated income statement under "Result of indexation units".
Net gains and losses on the re-expression of opening balances due to the initial application of IAS 29 are recognized in consolidated retained earnings.
Re-expression due to hyperinflation will be recorded until the period or exercise in which the economy of the entity ceases to be considered as a hyperinflationary economy. At that time, the adjustments made by hyperinflation will be part of the cost of non-monetary assets and liabilities.
The comparative amounts in the consolidated financial statements of the Company are presented in a stable currency and are not adjusted for subsequent changes in the price level or exchange rates.
(d) Group entities
The results and the financial situation of the Group's entities, whose functional currency is different from the presentation currency of the consolidated financial statements, of LATAM Airlines Group S.A., which does not correspond to the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, are converted into the currency of presentation as follows:
(i) Assets and liabilities of each consolidated statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing exchange rate on the consolidated statement of financial position date;
(ii) The revenues and expenses of each income statement account are translated at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates, and
(iii) All the resultant exchange differences by conversion are shown as a separate component in other comprehensive income, within "Gain (losses) from exchange rate difference, before tax".
For those subsidiaries of the group whose functional currency is different from the presentation currency and corresponds to the currency of a hyperinflationary economy; its restated results, cash flow and financial situation are converted to the presentation currency at the closing exchange rate on the date of the consolidated financial statements.
The exchange rates used correspond to those fixed in the country where the subsidiary is located, whose functional currency is different to the U.S. dollar.
2.4. Property, plant and equipment
The land of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and its Subsidiaries, are recognized at cost less any accumulated impairment loss. The rest of the Property, plant and equipment are recorded, both at their initial recognition and their subsequent measurement, at their historical cost, restated for inflation when appropriate, less the corresponding depreciation and any loss due to impairment.
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The amounts of advances paid to the aircraft manufacturers are capitalized by the Company under Construction in progress until they are received.
Subsequent costs (replacement of components, improvements, extensions, etc.) are included in the value of the initial asset or are recognized as a separate asset, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the elements of property, plant and equipment, will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be determined reliably. The value of the replaced component is written off. The rest of the repairs and maintenance are charged to income when they are incurred.
The depreciation of the Property, plant and equipment is calculated using the linear method over their estimated technical useful lives; except in the case of certain technical components which are depreciated on the basis of cycles and hours flown. This charge is recognized in the captions "Cost of sale" and "Administrative expenses".
The residual value and the useful life of assets are reviewed and adjusted, if necessary, once a year. Useful lives are detailed in Note 16 (d).
When the value of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount, its value is immediately reduced to its recoverable amount.
2.5. Intangible assets other than goodwill
(a) Airport slots and Loyalty program
Airport slots and the Loyalty program correspond to intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and are annually tested for impairment as an integral part of the CGU Air Transport.
Airport Slots correspond to an administrative authorization to carry out operations of arrival and departure of aircraft, at a specific airport, within a certain period of time.
The Loyalty program corresponds to the system of accumulation and exchange of points that is part of TAM Linhas Aereas S.A.
The airport slots and Loyalty program were recognized at fair value under IFRS 3, as a consequence of the business combination with TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries.
(b) Computer software
Licenses for computer software acquired are capitalized on the basis of the costs incurred in acquiring them and preparing them for using the specific software. These costs are amortized over their estimated useful lives, for which the Company has defined useful lives between
3
and
10
years .
Expenses related to the development or maintenance of computer software which do not qualify for capitalization, are shown as an expense when incurred. The personnel costs and other costs directly related to the production of unique and identifiable computer software controlled by the Company, are shown as intangible Assets other than Goodwill when they have met all the criteria for capitalization.
2.6. Borrowing costs
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2.7. Losses for impairment of non-financial assets
Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Assets subject to amortization are tested for impairment losses whenever any event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the fair value of an asset less the costs of sale or the value in use, whichever is greater. For the purpose of evaluating impairment losses, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are largely independent cash inflows (cash generating unit. Non-financial assets, other than goodwill, that would have suffered an impairment loss are reviewed if there are indicators of reversal of losses. Impairment losses are recognized in the consolidated statement of income by function under "Other gains (losses)".
2.8. Financial assets
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following categories: at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through gains or losses), and at amortized cost. The classification depends on the business model of the entity to manage the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.
The group reclassifies debt investments when, and only when, it changes its business model to manage those assets.
In the initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset classified at amortized cost, the transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets accounted for at fair value through profit or loss are recorded as expenses in the consolidated statement of income by function.
(a) Debt instruments
The subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the group's business model to manage the asset and cash flow characteristics of the asset. The Company has two measurement categories in which the group classifies its debt instruments:
Amortized cost: the assets held for the collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent only payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortized cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in income when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in financial income using the effective interest rate method.
Fair value through profit or loss: assets that do not meet the criteria of amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in profit or loss and is presented net in the consolidated statement of income by function within other gains / (losses) in the period or exercise in which it arises.
(b) Equity instruments
Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognized in other gains / (losses) in the consolidated statement of income by function as appropriate.
The Company evaluates in advance the expected credit losses associated with its debt instruments recorded at amortized cost. The applied impairment methodology depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit.
The group reclassifies debt investments when, and only when, it changes its business model to manage those assets.
In the initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset classified at amortized cost, the transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets accounted for at fair value through profit or loss are recorded as expenses in the consolidated statement of income by function.
(a) Debt instruments
The subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the group's business model to manage the asset and cash flow characteristics of the asset. The Company has two measurement categories in which the group classifies its debt instruments:
Amortized cost: the assets held for the collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent only payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortized cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in income when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in financial income using the effective interest rate method.
Fair value through profit or loss: assets that do not meet the criteria of amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in profit or loss and is presented net in the consolidated statement of income by function within other gains / (losses) in the period or exercise in which it arises.
(b) Equity instruments
Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognized in other gains / (losses) in the consolidated statement of income by function as appropriate.
The Company evaluates in advance the expected credit losses associated with its debt instruments recorded at amortized cost. The applied impairment methodology depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit.
2.9. Derivative financial instruments and embedded derivatives
Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities
Initially at fair value on the date on which the derivative contract was made and are subsequently valued at their fair value. The method to recognize the resulting loss or gain depends on whether the derivative designated as a hedging instrument and, if so, the nature of the item being hedged.
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The Company designates certain derivatives as:
(a) Hedge of an identified risk associated with a recognized liability or an expected highly- probable transaction (cash-flow hedge), or
(b) Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting.
At the beginning of the transaction, the Company documents the economic relationship between the hedged items existing between the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its objectives for risk management and the strategy to carry out various hedging operations. The Company also documents its assessment, both at the beginning and on an ongoing basis, as to whether the derivatives used in the hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting the changes in the fair value or cash flows of the items being hedged.
The total fair value of the hedging derivatives is booked as Other non-current financial asset or liability if the remaining maturity of the item hedged is over 12 months, and as an Other current financial asset or liability if the remaining term of the item hedged is less than 12 months. Derivatives not booked as hedges are classified as Other financial assets or liabilities.
(a) Cash flow hedges
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is shown in the statement of other comprehensive income. The loss or gain relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income by function under other gains (losses). Amounts accumulated in equity are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods or exercise when the hedged item affects profit or loss. When these amounts correspond to hedging derivatives of highly probable items that give rise to non-financial assets or liabilities, in which case, they are recorded as part of the non-financial assets or liabilities.
For fuel price hedges, the amounts shown in the statement of other comprehensive income are reclassified to results under the line-item Cost of sales to the extent that the fuel subject to the hedge is used.
Gains or losses related to the effective part of the change in the intrinsic value of the options are recognized in the cash flow hedge reserve within equity. Changes in the time value of the options related to the part are recognized within Other Consolidated Comprehensive Income in the costs of the hedge reserve within equity.
When a hedging instrument matures, is sold, or fails to meet the requirements to be accounted for as a hedge, any gain or loss accumulated in the statement of Other comprehensive income until that moment, remains in the statement of other comprehensive income and is reclassified to the consolidated statement of income when the hedged transaction is finally recognized.
When it is expected that the hedged transaction is no longer going to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in the statement of other comprehensive income is taken immediately to the consolidated statement of income by function as “Other gains (losses)”.
(b) Derivatives not booked as a hedge
The changes in fair value of any derivative instrument that is not booked as a hedge are shown immediately in the consolidated statement of income in “Other gains (losses)”.
Embedded derivatives
The Company assesses the existence of embedded derivatives in financial instrument contracts. Derivatives embedded in non-derivative host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when they meet the definition of a derivative, their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the contracts are not measured at FVTPL as a whole. LATAM Airlines Group S.A. has determined that no embedded derivatives currently exist.
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2.10. Inventories
Inventories, are shown at the lower of cost and their net realizable value. The cost is determined on the basis of the weighted average cost method (WAC). The net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the normal course of business, less estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
2.11. Trade and other accounts receivable
Commercial accounts receivable are initially recognized at their fair value and subsequently at their amortized cost in accordance with the effective rate method, less the provision for impairment according to the model of the expected credit losses. The Company applies the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9, which requires that expected lifetime losses be recognized upon initial recognition of accounts receivable.
In the event that the Company transfers its rights to any financial asset (generally accounts receivable) to a third party in exchange for a cash payment, the Company evaluates whether all risks and rewards have been transferred, in which case the account receivable is derecognized.
The existence of significant financial difficulties on the part of the debtor, the probability that the debtor goes bankrupt or financial reorganization are considered indicators of a significant increase in credit risk.
The carrying amount of the asset is reduced as the provision account is used and the loss is recognized in the consolidated income statement under "Cost of sales". When an account receivable is written off, it is regularized against the provision account for the account receivable.
2.12. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and bank balances, time deposits in financial institutions, and other short-term and highly liquid investments and a low risk of loss of value.
2.13. Capital
The common shares are classified as net equity.
Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new shares or options are shown in net equity as a deduction from the proceeds received from the placement of shares.
2.14. Trade and other accounts payables
Trade payables and other accounts payable are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently at amortized cost.
2.15. Interest-bearing loans
Financial liabilities are shown initially at their fair value, net of the costs incurred in the transaction. Later, these financial liabilities are valued at their amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds obtained (net of the necessary arrangement costs) and the repayment value, is shown in the consolidated statement of income during the term of the debt, according to the effective interest rate method.
Financial liabilities are classified in current and non-current liabilities according to the contractual payment dates of the nominal principal.
Convertible Notes
The component parts of the convertible notes issued by LATAM Airlines Group S.A. are classified separately as financial liabilities and equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for similar non-convertible instruments. This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortized cost basis using the effective
F-28
interest method until extinguished upon conversion or at the instrument’s maturity date.
The conversion option classified as equity is determined by the deducting the amount of the liability component from the fair value of the compound instrument as a whole. This is recognized and included in other equity, net of income tax effects. and is not subsequently remeasured. In addition, the conversion option classified as equity will remain in other equity until the conversion option is exercised, in which case, the balance recognized in other equity will be transferred to share capital. Where the conversion option remains unexercised at maturity date of the convertible bond, the balance recognized in other equity will be transferred to retained earnings. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss upon conversion or expiration of the conversion option.
Transaction costs that relate to the issue of the convertible notes are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the gross proceeds. Transaction costs relating to the equity component are charged directly to equity.
2.16. Current and deferred taxes
The tax expense for the period or exercise comprises income and deferred taxes.
The current income tax expense is calculated based on tax laws enacted at the date of the statement of financial position, in the countries in which the subsidiaries and associates operate and generate taxable income.
Deferred taxes are recognized on the temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. However, deferred income tax is accounted for if it arises from the initial recognition of an asset or a liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction does not affect the accounting or the taxable profit or loss. Deferred tax is determined using the tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the date of the consolidated statements of financial position and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realized or the deferred tax liability discharged.
Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent it is probable that the future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.
The tax (current and deferred) is recognized in the statement of income by function, unless it relates to an item recognized in other comprehensive income, directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or, directly in the statement of income by function, respectively.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if:
(a) there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and liabilities, and
(b) the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either: (i) the same taxable entity, or (ii) different taxable entities which intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.
LATAM Airlines Group S.A has evaluated the potential impact from the implementation of the “GloBE or Pillar Two rules”, which seeks to ensure that multinational groups pay a minimum effective tax rate of 15%. As of December 31, 2023, this regulation has not been adopted in Chile (where LATAM has its headquarters) or in other jurisdictions where LATAM Airlines Group S.A has operating companies. Therefore, it has not been necessary to estimate a potential impact of its application from its entry into force (January 1, 2023). At the close of this Financial Statements, the group does not present expenses or income for current taxes related to the Pillar Two income tax.
LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and its Subsidiaries have adopted the exception of paragraph 4A of IAS 12, incorporated in the amendment published on May 23, 2023.
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2.17. Employee benefits
(a) Personnel vacations
The Company recognizes the expense for personnel vacations on an accrual basis.
(b) Share-based compensation
The compensation plans implemented based on the value of the shares of the Company are recognized in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS 2: Share-based payments, for cash settled awards the fair value, updated as of the closing date of each reporting period or exercise, is recorded as a liability with charge to remuneration.
(c) Post-employment and other long-term benefits
Provisions are made for these obligations by applying the method of the projected unit credit method, and considering estimates of future permanence, mortality rates and future wage increases determined on the basis of actuarial calculations. The discount rates are determined by reference to market interest-rate curves. Actuarial gains or losses are shown in other comprehensive income.
(d) Incentives
The Company has an annual incentives plan for its personnel for compliance with objectives and individual contribution to the results. The incentives eventually granted consist of a given number or portion of monthly remuneration and the provision is made on the basis of the amount estimated for distribution.
(e) Termination benefits
2.18. Provisions
Provisions are recognized when:
(i) The Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event;
(ii) It is probable that payment is going to be required to settle an obligation; and
2.19. Revenue from contracts with customers
(a) Transportation of passengers and cargo
The Company recognizes the sale for the transportation service as a deferred income liability, which is recognized as income when the transportation service has been provided or expired. In the case of air transport services sold by the Company and that will be made by other airlines, the liability is reduced when they are remitted to said airlines. The Company periodically reviews whether it is necessary to make an adjustment to deferred income liabilities, mainly related to returns, changes, among others.
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Compensations granted to clients for changes in the levels of services or billing of additional services such as additional baggage, change of seat, among others, are considered modifications of the initial contract, therefore, they are deferred until the corresponding service is provided.
(b) Expiration of air tickets
The Company estimates on a monthly basis the probability of expiration of air tickets, with refund clauses, based on their history of use. Air tickets without a refund clause expire on the date of the flight in case the passenger does not show up.
(c) Costs associated with the contract
The costs related to the sale of air tickets are capitalized and deferred until the moment of providing the corresponding service. These assets are included under the heading "Other current non-financial assets" in the Consolidated Classified Statement of Financial Position.
(d) Frequent passenger program
The Company maintains the following loyalty programs: LATAMPASS’s and LATAMPASS’s Brazil, whose objective is building customer loyalty through the delivery of miles or points.
These programs give their frequent passengers the possibility of earning LATAMPASS’s miles or points, which grant the right to a selection of both air and non-air awards. Additionally, the Company sells the LATAMPASS miles or points to financial and non-financial partners through commercial alliances to award miles or points to their customers.
To reflect the miles and points earned, the loyalty program mainly includes two types of transactions that are considered revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations: (1) Passenger Ticket Sales Earning miles or points (2) miles or points sold to financial and non-financial partner.
(1) Passenger Ticket Sales Earning Miles or Points.
In this case, the miles or points are awarded to customers at the time that the company performs the flight.
To value the miles or points earned with travel, we consider the quantitative value a passenger receives by redeeming miles for a ticket rather than paying cash, which is referred to as Equivalent Ticket Value ("ETV"). Our estimate of ETV is adjusted for miles and points that are not likely to be redeemed ("breakage").
The balance of miles and points that are pending to redeem are included within deferred revenue.
(2) Miles sold to financial and non-financial partners
To value the miles or points earned through financial and non-financial partners, the performance obligations with the client are estimated separately. To calculate these performance obligations, different components that add value in the commercial contract must be considered, such as marketing, advertising and other benefits, and finally the value of the points awarded to customers based on our ETV. The value of each of these components is finally allocated in proportion to their relative prices. The performance obligations associated with the valuation of the points or miles earned become part of the Deferred Revenue, and the remaining performance obligations are recorded as revenue when the miles or points are delivered to the client.
When the miles and points are exchanged for products and services other than the services provided by the Company, the income is recognized immediately; when the exchange is made for air tickets of any airline of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries, the income is deferred until the air transport service is provided.
The miles and points that the Company estimates will not be exchanged are recognized in the results based on the consumption pattern of the miles or points effectively exchanged by customers. The Company uses statistical models to estimate the probability of exchange, which is based on historical patterns and projections.
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2.20. Leases
The Company recognizes contracts that meet the definition of a lease as a right of use asset and a lease liability on the date when the underlying asset is available for use.
Right of use assets are measured at cost including the following:
-
The amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability;
-
Lease payment made at or before commencement date;
-
Initial direct costs, and
-
Restoration costs.
The right of use assets are recognized in the statement of financial position in Property, plant and equipment.
Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following payments:
-
Fixed payments including in substance fixed payment.
-
Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate;
-
The exercise price of a purchase option, if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.
The discount rate that LATAM Airlines Group S.A. uses is the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. This is the rate of interest that causes the present value of (a) lease payments and (b) the unguaranteed residual value to equal the sum of (i) the fair value of the underlying asset and (ii) any initial direct costs of the lessor.
LATAM Airlines Group S.A. uses its incremental borrowing rate if the interest rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined.
Lease liabilities are recognized in the statement of financial position under “Other financial liabilities, current or non-current”.
Interest accrued on financial liabilities is recognized in the consolidated statement of income in "Financial costs".
Principal and interest are present in the consolidated cash flow as "Payments of lease liability" and "Interest paid", respectively, within financing cash flows.
Payments associated with short-term leases without purchase options and leases of low-value assets are recognized on a straight-line basis in profit or loss at the time of accrual. Those payments are presented within operating cash flows.
The Company analyzes the financing agreements of aircraft, mainly considering characteristics such as:
(a) That the Company initially acquired the aircraft or took an important part in the process of direct acquisition with the manufacturers.
(b) Due to the contractual conditions, it is virtually certain that the Company will execute the purchase option of the aircraft at the end of the lease term.
Since these financing agreements are “substantially purchases” and not leases, the related liability is considered as a financial debt classified under IFRS 9 and continues to be presented within the “Other financial liabilities” described in Note 18. On the other hand, the aircraft are presented in Property, Plant and Equipment, as described in Note 16, as “own aircraft”.
The Group qualifies as sale and lease transactions, operations that lead to a sale according to IFRS 15. More specifically, a sale is considered as such if there is no option to purchase the goods at the end of the lease term.
If the sale by the seller-lessee is classified as a sale in accordance with IFRS 15, the underlying asset is derecognized, and a right-of-use asset equal to the portion retained proportionally of the amount of the asset is recognized.
F-32
If the sale by the seller-lessee is not classified as a sale in accordance with IFRS 15, the transferred assets are kept in the financial statements and a financial liability equal to the sale price is recognized (received from the buyer-lessor).
2.21. Non-current assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale
Non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as assets held for sale are shown at the lesser of their book value and the fair value less costs to sell.
2.22. Maintenance
The costs incurred for scheduled heavy maintenance of the aircraft’s fuselage and engines are capitalized and depreciated until the next maintenance. The depreciation rate is determined on technical grounds, according to the use of the aircraft expressed in terms of cycles and flight hours.
In case of aircraft include in property, plant and equipment, these maintenance cost are capitalized as Property, plant and equipment, while in the case of aircraft on right of use, a liability is accrued based on the use of the main components is recognized, since a contractual obligation with the lessor to return the aircraft on agreed terms of maintenance levels exists. These are recognized as Cost of sales.
Additionally,
some contracts that comply with the definition of lease establish the obligation of the lessee to make deposits to the lessor as a guarantee of compliance with maintenance and return conditions. These deposits, often called maintenance reserves, accumulate until a major maintenance is performed. Once made, the recovery is requested to the lessor. At the end of the contract period, there is comparison between the reserves that have been paid and required return conditions, and compensation between the parties are made if applicable
.
The unscheduled maintenance of aircraft and engines, as well as minor maintenance, are charged to results as incurred.
2.23. Environmental costs
Disbursements related to environmental protection are charged to results when incurred or accrue.
NOTE 3 -
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
3.1. Financial risk factors
The Company is exposed to different financial risks: (a) market risk, (b) credit risk, and (c) liquidity risk. The risk management of the Company aims to minimize the adverse effects of financial risks affecting the company.
(a) Market risk
Due to the nature of its operations, the Company has exposure to market factors such as: (i) fuel-price risk, (ii) exchange -rate risk (FX), and (iii) interest -rate risk.
The Company has developed manuals and procedures to manage the market risk, which goal is to identify, quantify, monitor and mitigate the adverse effects of changes in market factors mentioned above.
For the foregoing, Management monitors the evolution of fuel price levels, exchange rates and interest rates, quantifies their exposures and their risk, and develops and executes hedging strategies.
F-33
(i) Fuel-price risk
Exposure:
For the execution of its operations, the Company purchases a fuel called Jet Fuel grade 54 USGC, which is subject to the fluctuations of international fuel prices.
Mitigation:
To hedge the fuel-price risk exposure, the Company operates with derivative instruments (swaps and options) whose underlying assets may be different from Jet Fuel, such as West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) crude, Brent (“BRENT”) crude and distillate Heating Oil (“HO”), which may have a high correlation with Jet Fuel and greater liquidity.
Fuel Hedging Results:
During the period ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized gains of $
15.7
million for fuel hedging net of premiums in the costs of sales for the year. During the period ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized gains of US$
18.8
million for fuel hedging net of premiums in the costs of sales for the year.
As of December 31, 2023, the market value of the fuel positions amounted to US$
22.1
million (positive). At the end of December 31, 2022, this market value was US$
12.6
million (positive).
The following tables show the level of hedge for different periods:
| Positions as of December 31, 2023 (*) | Maturities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q124 | Q224 | Q324 | Q424 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of coverage over the expected volume of consumption |
|
% |
|
% |
|
% |
|
% |
|
% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Positions as of December 31, 2022 (*) | Maturities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q123 | Q223 | Q323 | Q423 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of coverage over the expected volume of consumption |
|
% |
|
% |
|
% |
|
% |
|
% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(*) The percentage shown in the table considers all the hedging instruments (swaps and options).
Sensitivity analysis
A drop in fuel price positively affects the Company through a reduction in costs. However, also negatively affects contracted positions as these are acquired to protect the Company against the risk of a rise in price. Therefore, the policy is to maintain a hedge-free percentage in order to be competitive in the event of a drop in price.
The current hedge positions are booked as cash flow hedge contracts, so a variation in the fuel price has an impact on the Company’s net equity.
The following table shows the sensitivity of financial instruments according to reasonable changes in the price of fuel and their effect on equity.
The calculations were made considering a parallel movement of US$
5
per barrel in the underlying reference price curve at the end of December 2023 and the end of December of 2022 . The projection period was defined until the end of the last fuel hedging contract in force, being the last business day of the second half of
2024
.
|
Benchmark price
(US$ per barrel) |
Positions as of December 31, 2023
effect on Equity (MUS$) |
Positions as of December 31, 2022
effect on Equity (MUS$) |
||||||||||||
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
||||||||||||
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
||||||||||||
F-34
Given the fuel hedging structure for the year 2023, which considers a portion free of hedges, a vertical drop of
5
dollars in the JET reference price (considered as the monthly daily average), would have meant an impact of approximately US$
131.6
million lower fuel cost. For the same period, a vertical rise of
5
dollars in the JET reference price (considered as the monthly daily average), would have meant an approximate impact of US$
131.3
million in higher fuel costs.
(ii) Foreign exchange rate risk:
Exposure:
The functional currency of the financial statements of the Parent Company is the US dollar, so that the risk of the Transactional and Conversion exchange rate arises mainly from the Company's business, strategic and accounting operating activities that are expressed in a monetary unit other than the functional currency.
The subsidiaries of LATAM are also exposed to foreign exchange risk whose impact affects the Company's Consolidated Income.
The largest operational exposure to LATAM's exchange risk comes from the concentration of businesses in Brazil, which are mostly denominated in Brazilian real (R$), and are actively managed by the Company.
At a lower concentration, the Company is also exposed to the fluctuation of other currencies, such as: Euro, Pound sterling, Australian dollar, Colombian peso, Chilean peso, Argentine peso, Paraguayan guarani, Mexican peso, Peruvian Sol and New Zealand dollar.
Mitigation
:
The Company mitigates currency risk exposures by contracting hedging or non-hedging derivative instruments or through natural hedges or execution of internal operations.
Exchange Rate Hedging Results (FX)
:
As of December 31, 2023, the Company recognized losses of US$
10.1
million for FX hedging derivatives net of premiums reflected in cost of sales. At the end of December of 2022, the Company recognize gains for US$
5.2
million for FX hedging derivatives reflected in cost of sales.
As of December 31, 2023, the market value of hedging FX derivative positions is US$
1.5
million (negative). As of December 31, 2022, the market value of the hedging FX derivative positions was US$
0.2
million (positive). As of December 31, 2023, the Company has current hedging FX derivatives for US$
414
million. As of December 31, 2022, the Company holds current hedging FX derivatives of US$
108
million.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company does
not
maintain current non-hedged FX derivatives. At the end of December of 2022, the Company recognize losses of US$
1.8
million in non-hedging FX derivatives net of premiums reflected in Other gains/(losses).
Sensitivity analysis:
A depreciation of the R$/US$ exchange rate, negatively affects the Company's operating cash flows, however, also positively affects the value of the positions of derivatives contracted.
The following table shows the sensitivity of current hedging FX derivative instruments according to reasonable changes in the exchange rate and its effect on equity.
|
Appreciation (depreciation)
of R$/US$ |
Effect on equity as of
December 31, 2023 (MUS$) |
Effect on equity as of
December 31, 2022 (MUS$) |
||||||||||||
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
||||||||||||
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
||||||||||||
F-35
Impact of Exchange rate variation in the Consolidated Income Statements (Foreign exchange gains/losses).
In the case of TAM S.A., whose functional currency is the Brazilian real, a large part of its liabilities is expressed in US dollars. Therefore, when converting financial assets and liabilities, from dollar to real, they have an impact on the result of TAM S.A., which is consolidated in the Company's Income Statement.
In order to reduce the impact on the Company's result caused by appreciations or depreciations of R$/US$, the Company carries out internal operations to reduce the net exposure in US$ for TAM S.A.
The following table shows the impact of the Exchange Rate variation on the Consolidated Income Statement when the R$/US$ exchange rate appreciates or depreciates by
10
%:
|
Appreciation (depreciation)
of R$/US$ |
Effect on Income Statement
for the year ended December 31, 2023 (MUS$) |
Effect on Income Statement
for the year ended December 31, 2022 (MUS$) |
||||||||||||
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
||||||||||||
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
||||||||||||
Impact of the exchange rate variation in the Equity, from translate the subsidiaries financial statements into US Dollars (Cumulative Translate Adjustment).
Since the functional currency of TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries is the Brazilian real, the Company presents the effects of the exchange rate fluctuations in Other comprehensive income (Cumulative Translation Adjustment) by converting the Statement of financial position and Income statement of TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries from their functional currency to the U.S. dollar, which is the presentation currency of the consolidated financial statement of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries.
The following table shows the impact on the Cumulative Translation Adjustment included in Other comprehensive income recognized in Total equity in the case of an appreciation or depreciation
10
% the exchange rate R$/US$:
|
Appreciation (depreciation)
of R$/US$ |
Effect at December 31, 2023
MUS$ |
Effect at December 31, 2022
MUS$ |
||||||||||||
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
||||||||||||
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
||||||||||||
(iii) Interest -rate risk:
Exposure:
The Company has exposure to fluctuations in interest rates affecting the markets future cash flows of the assets, and current and future financial liabilities.
The Company is mainly exposed to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and other less relevant interest rates such as Brazilian Interbank Certificates of Deposit (“CDI”) . Due to the fact that the publication of LIBOR ceased by June 30th 2023, the company has effectively migrated to SOFR as an alternative rate, which was fully materialized on September 30th 2023.
Of the company's financial debt subject to variable rates, all of the contracts maintain exposure to the SOFR reference rate.
Mitigation
:
Currently,
50
% (
52
% as of December 31, 2022) of the debt is fixed against fluctuations in interest rates. The variable debt, is indexed to the reference rate based on SOFR.
F-36
Likewise, most of the company's liquidity is denominated in dollars and indexed to a return rate similar and with alike fluctuation to the SOFR rate, which helps reduce exposure.
Rate Hedging Results
:
During the period ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized losses of US$
1.8
million (negative) corresponding to the recognition for premiums paid.
As of December 31, 2023, there are
no
interest rate derivatives outstanding, at the end of December 2022, this market value was US$
8.8
million (positive).
As of December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a decrease in the right-of-use asset due to the expiration of derivatives for US$
14.9
million associated with the aircraft lease. On this same date, a lower depreciation expense of the right-of-use asset for US$
1.1
million (positive) is recognized. At the end of December 2022, the Company recognized US$
0.1
million for this same concept.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company settled a derivative for US$ US$
14.8
million associated with hedges of leased aircraft.
Sensitivity analysis:
The following table shows the sensitivity of changes in financial obligations that are not hedged against interest-rate variations. These changes are considered reasonably possible, based on current market conditions each date.
|
Increase (decrease)
of future curve SOFR rate |
Positions as of December 31, 2023 effect on Income (Loss) before taxes
(MUS$) |
Positions as of December 31, 2022 effect on Income (Loss) before tax
(MUS$) |
||||||||||||
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
||||||||||||
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
||||||||||||
A large part of the derivatives of current rates are recorded as cash flow hedge contracts, therefore, a variation in interest rates has an impact on the market value of the derivatives, whose changes affect the equity of the entity.
The calculations were made by vertically increasing (decreasing) 100 base points of the interest rate curve, both scenarios being reasonably possible according to historical market conditions.
|
Increase (decrease)
interest rate curve |
Positions as of December 31, 2023
effect on equity (MUS$) |
Positions as of December 31, 2022
effect on equity (MUS$) |
||||||||||||
|
+
|
|
+
|
||||||||||||
|
-
|
|
-
|
||||||||||||
The sensitivity calculation hypothesis must assume that the forward curves of interest rates will not necessarily reflect the real value of the compensation of the flows. In addition, the interest rate structure is dynamic over time.
During the periods presented, the Company has recorded US$
0.1
million (negative) for ineffectiveness in the consolidated income statement for this type of coverage.
(b)
Credit risk
Credit risk occurs when the counterparty does not comply with its obligations to the Company under a specific contract or financial instrument, resulting in a loss in the market value of a financial instrument (only financial assets, not liabilities). The customer portfolio as of December 31, 2023 has experienced an increased by
24
%compared to the balance as of
F-37
December 31, 2022, mainly due to an increase in passenger transportation operations (travel agencies and corporate) that increased by
22
% in its sales, mainly affecting the payment methods credit card
29
%%, and cash sales
9
%. In relation to the cargo business, it presented a decrease in its operations of
5
% compared to December 2022. There was especial consideration for the Expected Credit Loss calculation for the clients with balance at the year end that management considered risky. The Expect Credit Loss at the end of December 2023 had a decreased
4
% compared to the end of December 2022, as a result of the decrease in the portfolio due to collection, and due to the application of write-offs.
The Company is exposed to credit risk due to its operational activities and its financial activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions, investments in other types of instruments, exchange rate transactions and derivatives contracts.
To reduce the credit risk related to operational activities, the company has implemented credit limits to limit the exposure of its debtors, which are permanently monitored for the LATAM network, when deemed necessary, agencies have been blocked for cargo and passenger businesses.
(i)
Financial activities
Cash surpluses that remain after the financing of assets necessary for the operation are invested according to credit limits approved by the Company’s Board, mainly in time deposits with different financial institutions, private investment funds and short-term mutual funds. These investments are booked as Cash and cash equivalents and other current financial assets.
In order to reduce counterparty risk and to ensure that the risk assumed is known and managed by the Company, investments are diversified among different banking institutions (both local and international). The Company evaluates the credit standing of each counterparty and the levels of investment, based on (i) its credit rating, and (ii) investment limits according to the Company’s level of liquidity. According to these two parameters, the Company chooses the most restrictive parameter of the previous two and based on this, establishes limits for operations with each counterparty.
The Company has no guarantees to mitigate this exposure.
(ii) Operational activities
The Company has
four
large sales “clusters”: travel agencies, cargo agents, airlines and credit-card administrators. The first three are governed by International Air Transport Association (“IATA”), international organization comprising most of the airlines that represent over
90
% of scheduled commercial traffic and one of its main objectives is to regulate the financial transactions between airlines and travel agents and cargo. When an agency or airline does not pay their debt, it is excluded from operating with IATA’s member airlines. In the case of credit-card administrators, they are fully guaranteed by
100
% by the issuing institutions.
Under certain of the Company’s credit card processing agreements, the financial institutions have the right to require that the Company maintain a reserve equal to a portion of advance ticket sales that have been processed by that financial institution, but for which the Company has not yet provided the air transportation. Additionally, the financial institutions have the ability to require additional collateral reserves or withhold payments related to receivables to be collected if increased risk is perceived related to liquidity covenants in these agreements or negative balances occur.
The exposure consists of the term granted, which fluctuates between
1
and
45
days.
One of the tools the Company uses for reducing credit risk is to participate in global entities related to the industry, such as IATA, Business Sales Processing (“BSP”), Cargo Account Settlement Systems (“CASS”), IATA Clearing House (“ICH”) and banks (credit cards). These institutions fulfill the role of collectors and distributors between airlines and travel and cargo agencies. In the case of the Clearing House, it acts as an offsetting entity between airlines for the services provided between them. A reduction in term and implementation of guarantees has been achieved through these entities.
The sales invoicing of TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. related with cargo agents for domestic transportation in Brazil is done directly by TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A.
F-38
Credit quality of financial assets
The external credit evaluation system used by the Company is provided by IATA. Internal systems are also used for particular evaluations or specific markets based on trade reports available on the local market. The internal classification system is complementary to the external one, i.e. for agencies or airlines not members of IATA, the internal demands are greater.
To reduce the credit risk associated with operational activities, the Company has established credit limits to abridge the exposure of their debtors which are monitored permanently (mainly in case of operational activities of TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. with travel agents). The bad-debt rate in the principal countries where the Company has a presence is insignificant.
(c) Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk represents the risk that the Company does not have sufficient funds to pay its obligations.
Due to the cyclical nature of its business, the operation and investment needs, along with the need for financing, the Company requires liquid funds, defined as Cash and cash equivalents plus other short-term financial assets, to meet its payment obligations.
The balance of liquid funds, future cash generation and the ability to obtain financing, provide the Company with alternatives to meet future investment and financing commitments.
As of December 31, 2023, the balance of liquid funds is US$
1,715
million (US$
1,217
million as of December 31, 2022), which are invested in short-term instruments through financial entities with a high credit rating classification.
As of December 31, 2023, LATAM maintains engaged
two
Revolving Credit Facility for a total of US$
1,100
millon, one for an amount of US$
600
million and another for an amount of US$
500
million, which are fully available. The first of these lines is secured by and subject to the availability of certain collateral (i.e. aircraft, engines and spare parts). The second one, is secured by certain intangibles assets of the Company, which are shared with other Chapter 11 exit financing.
F-39
Class of liability for the analysis of liquidity risk ordered by date of maturity as of December 31, 2023
Debtor: LATAM Airlines Group S.A., Tax No. 89.862.200-2 Chile
| Tax No. | Creditor |
Creditor
country |
Currency |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More than
five years |
Total |
Nominal
value |
Amortization | Annual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Effective
rate |
Nominal
rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | GOLDMAN SACHS | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations with the public | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.036.000-K | SANTANDER | Chile | UF | — |
|
|
|
|
|
|
To the expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY | U.S.A. | US$ | — |
|
|
|
|
|
|
To the expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.036.000-K | SANTANDER | Chile | US$ | — | — | — | — |
|
|
|
To the expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | BNP PARIBAS | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly/Monthly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other guaranteed obligation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | EXIM BANK | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | MUFG | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | CREDIT AGRICOLE | France | US$ |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
To the expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial lease | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | NATIXIS | France | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | US BANK | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | EXIM BANK | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | BANK OF UTAH | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monthly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | OTHERS (*) | Chile | US$ |
|
— | — | — | — |
|
|
To the expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*)
Obligation with creditors for executed letters of credit.
Class of liability for the analysis of liquidity risk ordered by date of maturity as of December 31, 2023
Debtor: TAM S.A., Tax No. 02.012.862/0001-60, Brazil.
| Tax No. | Creditor |
Creditor
country |
Currency |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More than
five years |
Total |
Nominal
value |
Amortization | Annual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Effective
rate |
Nominal
rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial leases | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | NATIXIS | France | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class of liability for the analysis of liquidity risk ordered by date of maturity as of December 31, 2023
Debtor: LATAM Airlines Group S.A., Tax No. 89.862.200-2, Chile.
| Tax No. | Creditor |
Creditor
country |
Currency |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More than
five years |
Total |
Nominal
value |
Amortization | Annual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Effective
rate |
Nominal
rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Liability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AIRCRAFT | OTHERS | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OTHER ASSETS | OTHERS | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLP |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| COP |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EUR |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BRL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MXN |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and other accounts payables | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | OTHERS | OTHERS | US$ |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLP |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BRL |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable to related parties currents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Qatar Airways | Qatar | US$ | — |
|
— | — | — |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Delta Air Lines, Inc. | U.S.A | US$ | — |
|
— | — | — |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class of liability for the analysis of liquidity risk ordered by date of maturity as of December 31, 2022
Debtor: LATAM Airlines Group S.A., Tax No. 89.862.200-2 Chile.
| Tax No. | Creditor |
Creditor
country |
Currency |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More than
five years |
Total |
Nominal
value |
Amortization | Annual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Effective
rate |
Nominal
rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.023.000-9 | GOLDMAN SACHS | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | SANTANDER | Spain | US$ |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations with the public | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.030.000-7 | SANTANDER | Chile | UF | — |
|
|
|
|
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY | U.S.A. | US$ | — |
|
|
|
|
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.036.000-K | SANTANDER | Chile | US$ | — | — | — | — |
|
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | BNP PARIBAS | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly / Monthly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other guaranteed obligation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | EXIM BANK | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | MUFG | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | CREDIT AGRICOLE | France | US$ |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial lease | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | CITIBANK | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
- | — | — |
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | BNP PARIBAS | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | NATIXIS | France | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | US BANK | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | PK AIRFINANCE | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | EXIM BANK | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | BANK OF UTAH | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monthly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | OTHERS (*) | Chile | US$ |
|
— | — | — | — |
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*)
Obligation with creditors for executed letters of credit.
Class of liability for the analysis of liquidity risk ordered by date of maturity as of December 31, 2022
Debtor: TAM S.A., Tax No. 02.012.862/0001-60, Brazil.
| Tax No. | Creditor |
Creditor
country |
Currency |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More than
five years |
Total |
Nominal
value |
Amortization | Annual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Effective
rate |
Nominal
rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Leases | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | NATIXIS | France | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Semiannual/Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | MERRILL LYNCH CREDIT PRODUCTS, LLC | Brazil | BRL |
|
— | — | — | — |
|
|
Monthly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class of liability for the analysis of liquidity risk ordered by date of maturity as of December 31, 2022
Debtor: LATAM Airlines Group S.A., Tax No. 89.862.200-2, Chile.
| Tax No. | Creditor |
Creditor
country |
Currency |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More than
five years |
Total |
Nominal
value |
Amortization | Annual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Effective
rate |
Nominal
rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Liability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AIRCRAFT | OTHERS | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OTHER ASSETS | OTHERS | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| COP |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EUR |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BRL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and other accounts payables | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OTHERS | OTHERS | US$ |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLP |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BRL |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable to related parties currents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Inversora Aeronáutica Argentina S.A. | Argentina | US$ |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Patagonia Seafarms | U.S.A | US$ |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-40
The Company has fuel, interest rate and exchange rate hedging strategies involving derivatives contracts with different financial institutions.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company maintains guarantees for US$
11.0
million corresponding to derivative transactions. The increase is due to: i) Increase in the number of hedging contracts and ii) changes in fuel prices, exchange rates and interest rates. At the end of 2022, the Company had guarantees for US$
7.5
million corresponding to derivative transactions.
3.2. Capital risk management
The objectives of the Company, in relation to capital management are: (i) to meet the minimum equity requirements and (ii) to maintain an optimal capital structure.
The Company monitors contractual obligations and regulatory requirements in the different countries where the group’s companies are domiciled to ensure faithful compliance with the minimum equity requirement, the most restrictive limit of which is to maintain positive liquid equity.
Additionally, the Company periodically monitors the short and long term cash flow projections to ensure that it has sufficient cash generation alternatives to meet future investment and financing commitments.
The international credit rating of the Company is the result of the ability to meet long-term financial commitments. As of December 31, 2023, The Company has a national rating of BBB by Fitch, a rating of B in a positive outlook by Standard Poor’s, and a rating of B1 by Moody's with stable outlook, either way as international scale.
3.3. Estimates of fair value.
At December 31, 2023, the Company maintained financial instruments that should be recorded at fair value. These are grouped into two categories:
1.
Derivative financial instruments:
This category includes the following instruments:
-
Interest rate derivative contracts,
-
Fuel derivative contracts,
-
Currency derivative contracts.
2.
Financial Investments:
This category includes the following instruments:
-
Investments in short-term Mutual Funds (cash equivalent)
The Company has classified the fair value measurement using a hierarchy that reflects the level of information used in the assessment. This hierarchy consists of 3 levels (I) fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, (II) fair value calculated through valuation methods based on inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices) and (III) fair value based on inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data.
The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets, such as investments acquired for trading, is based on quoted market prices at the close of the period using the current price of the buyer. The fair value of financial assets not traded in active markets (derivative contracts) is determined using valuation techniques that maximize use of available market information. Valuation techniques generally used by the Company are quoted market prices of similar instruments and / or estimating the present value of future cash flows using forward price curves of the market at period end.
F-41
The following table shows the classification of financial instruments at fair value, depending on the level of information used in the assessment:
| As of December 31, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fair value measurements using
values considered as |
Fair value measurements using
values considered as |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value | Level I | Level II | Level III | Fair value | Level I | Level II | Level III | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term mutual funds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial assets, current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value interest rate derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of fuel derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of foreign currency derivative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial liabilities, current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of foreign currency derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-42
Additionally, at December 31, 2023, the Company has financial instruments which are not recorded at fair value.
In order to meet the disclosure requirements of fair values, the Company has valued these instruments as shown in the table below:
| As of December 31, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Book value | Fair value | Book value | Fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Cash on hand |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Bank balance |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Overnight |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial assets, current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Trade debtors, other accounts receivable and Current accounts receivable |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable from entities related, current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial assets, non-current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, non-current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other current financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable for trade and other accounts payable, current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable to entities related, current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial liabilities, non current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, non current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
The book values of accounts receivable and payable are assumed to approximate their fair values, due to their short-term nature. In the case of cash on hand, bank balances, overnight, time deposits and accounts payable, non-current, fair value approximates their carrying values.
The fair value of other financial liabilities is estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows at the current market interest rate for similar financial instruments (Level II). In the case of Other financial assets, the valuation was performed according to market prices at period end. The book value of Other financial liabilities, current or non-current, do not include lease liabilities.
F-43
NOTE 4 -
ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS
The Company has used estimates to value and record some of the assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and commitments. Basically, these estimates refer to:
(a) Impairment of Intangible asset with indefinite useful life
Management conducts an impairment test annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate potential impairment. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the cash generating unit (CGU) exceeds its recoverable amount.
Management’s value-in-use calculations included significant judgments and assumptions relating to revenue growth rates, exchange rates, discount rates, inflation rates, fuel price. The estimation of these assumptions requires significant judgment by management as these variables are inherently uncertain; however, the assumptions used are consistent with the Company’s forecasts approved by management. Therefore, management evaluates and updates the estimates as necessary in light of conditions that affect these variables. The main assumptions used as well as the corresponding sensitivity analyses are shown in Note 15.
(b) Depreciation expense and impairment of Properties, Plant and Equipment
The depreciation of assets is calculated based on a straight-line basis, except for certain technical components depreciated on cycles and hours flown. These useful lives are reviewed on an annual basis according to the Company’s future economic benefits associated with them.
Changes in circumstances such as: technological advances, business model, planned use of assets or capital strategy may result in a useful life different from what has been estimated. When it is determined that the useful life of property, plant, and equipment must be reduced, as may occur in line with changes in planned usage of assets, the difference between the net book value and estimated recoverable value is depreciated, in accordance with the revised remaining useful life.
The residual values are estimated according to the market value that the assets will have at the end of their life. The residual value and useful life of the assets are reviewed, and adjusted if necessary, once a year. When the value of an asset is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, its value is immediately reduced to its recoverable amount.
The Company has concluded that the Properties, Plant and Equipment cannot generate cash inflows to a large extent independent of other assets, therefore the impairment assessment is made as an integral part of the only Cash Generating Unit maintained by the Company, Air Transport. The Company checks when there are signs of impairment, whether the assets have suffered any impairment losses at the Cash Generated Unit level.
(c) Recoverability of deferred tax assets
Management records deferred taxes on the temporary differences that arise between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets on tax losses are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future tax benefits will be available to offset temporary differences.
The Company applies significant judgment in evaluating the recoverability of deferred tax assets. In determining the amounts of the deferred tax asset to be accounted for, management considers tax planning strategies, historical profitability, projected future taxable income (considering assumptions such as: growth rate, exchange rate, discount rate and fuel price consistent with those used in the impairment analysis of the group's cash-generating unit) and the expected timing of reversals of existing temporary differences.
F-44
(d) Air tickets sold that will not be finally used.
The Company records the sale of air tickets as deferred revenue. Ordinary revenue from the sale of tickets is recognized in the statement of income when the passenger transportation service is provided or expires due to non-use. The Company evaluates the probability of expiration of air tickets on a monthly basis, based on the history of use. A change in this probability could impact revenue in the year in which the change occurs and in future years.
As of December 31, 2023, deferred revenue associated with air tickets sold amounts to ThUS$
2,009,242
(ThUS$
1,574,145
as of December 31, 2022). An hypothetical change of one percentage point in the behavior of the passenger regarding the use would impact of up to ThUS$
10,150
per month (
Th
US$
7,453
as of December 31, 2022).
(e)
Valuation of miles and points awarded to holders of loyalty programs, pending use.
As of
December 31, 2023
, deferred income associated with the LATAM Pass loyalty program from Spanish-speaking countries increased to ThUS$
1,099,580
(ThUS$
1,120,565
as of
December 31, 2022
). An hypothetical change of one percentage point in the probability of redemption would translate into a cumulative impact of ThUS$
31,510
on the results of
2023 (ThUS$
29,571
as of December 31, 2022). Deferred income associated with the LATAM Pass Brazil loyalty program increased to ThUS$
179,151
as of
December 31, 2023
(ThUS$
140,486
as of
December 31, 2022
). An hypothetical change of one percentage point in the exchange probability would result in an accumulated impact of ThUS$
5,125
on the results of 2023
(ThUS$
3,772
as of December 31, 2022).
Management used statistical models to estimate the miles and points awarded that will not be redeemed by the
program’s members (breakage) which involved significant judgments and assumptions relating to the historical
redemption and expiration activity and forecasted redemption and expiration patterns.
The Management in conjunction with an external specialist developed a predictive model of non -use miles or
points, which allows to generate non-use rates on the basis of historical information, based on behavior of the
accumulation, use and expiration of the miles or points.
(f) Legal Contingencies
In the case of known contingencies, the Company records a provision when it has a present obligation, whether legal or constructive, as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the obligation amount can be made. The assessment of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and estimates of the outcome of future events, the likelihood of loss being incurred and when determining whether a reliable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company assesses its liabilities and contingencies based upon the best information available, uses the knowledge, experience and professional judgment to the specific characteristics of the known risks. This process facilitates the early assessment and quantification of potential risks in individual cases or in the development of contingent matters. If we are unable to reliably estimate the obligation or conclude no loss is probable but it is reasonably possible that a loss may be incurred, no provision is recorded but the contingency is disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Company recognized as the present obligation under an onerous contract as a provision when a contract under which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it.
(g)
Leases
During
2022
, as a result of the arrival of new aircraft and the significant change in the flows of many current contracts, the Company evaluated the relevance in the current scenario of continuing to use the implicit rate, a methodology used in recent years, or whether it should in instead use a different approximation for calculating the rate. It was concluded that the implicit rate was not being able to reflect the economic environment in which the company operates, therefore it was not
F-45
accurately representing the Company's indebtedness conditions. Because of this, all new contracts entered into from
2022
and all contracts that were modified from
2022
used the incremental rate. Existing contracts that remained unchanged continued using the original implicit discount rate.
(i)
Discount rate
The discount rates used to calculate the aircraft lease debt correspond to: (i) For aircraft that did not have contractual changes associated with the exit from Chapter 11, the rate used was the implicit rate of the contract, this is the discount rate that results from the aggregate present value of the minimum lease payments and the unguaranteed residual value, and (ii) For aircraft that had contractual changes associated with exit from Chapter 11, the rate used was the incremental rate, this discount rate was calculated considering our recent aircraft debt negotiations, as well as publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics when calculating our incremental borrowing rates.
For assets other than aircraft, the estimated lessee’s incremental borrowing rate, which is derived from information available at the lease inception date, was used to determine the present value of the lease payments. We consider our recent debt issuances as well as publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics when calculating our incremental borrowing ratios.
A decrease of one percentage point in our estimate of the rates used to determine the lease liabilities current registered fleet as of December 31, 2023 would increase the lease liability by approximately US$
111
million.
(ii)
Lease term
In determining the lease term, all facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive to exercise an extension option are considered. Extension options (or periods after termination options) are only included in the lease term if it is reasonably certain that the lease will be extended (or not terminated). This is reviewed if a significant event or significant change in circumstances occurs that affects this assessment and is within the lessee's control.
In any case, it is possible that events that may take place in the future make it necessary to modify them in future periods, which would be done prospectively.
NOTE 5 -
SEGMENT INFORMATION
As of December 31, 2023, the Company considers that it has a single operating segment, Air Transport. This segment corresponds to the route network for air transport and is based on the way in which the business is managed, according to the centralized nature of its operations, the ability to open and close routes, as well as reassignment (airplanes, crew, personnel, etc.) within the network, which implies a functional interrelation between all of them, making them inseparable. This segment definition is one of the most common in the worldwide airline industry.
F-46
The Company’s revenues by geographic area are as follows:
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Peru |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Argentina |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| U.S.A. |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Europe |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Colombia |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Brazil |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Ecuador |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Chile |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Asia Pacific and rest of Latin America |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Income from ordinary activities |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other operating income |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
The Company allocates revenues by geographic area based on the point of sale of the passenger ticket or cargo. Assets are composed primarily of aircraft and aeronautical equipment, which are used throughout the different countries, so it is not possible to assign a geographic area.
The Company has no customers that individually represent more than 10% of sales.
NOTE 6 -
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Cash on hand |
|
|
|||||||||
| Bank balances (1) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Overnight |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total Cash |
|
|
|||||||||
| Cash equivalents | |||||||||||
| Time deposits |
|
|
|||||||||
| Mutual funds |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total cash equivalents |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|||||||||
(1) As of December 31, 2023, This balances includes ThUS$
391,966
related to banks accounts that pay interest to the Company for the daily or monthly balances (ThUS$
274,235
as of December 31, 2022)
F-47
Cash and cash equivalents are denominated in the following currencies:
| Currency |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
||||||||||||
| US Dollar |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Mexican peso |
|
|
||||||||||||
| R.P. Chinese Yuan |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Other currencies |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
||||||||||||
NOTE 7 -
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial instruments by category
As of December 31, 2023
| Assets |
Measured at amortized
cost |
At fair value
with changes in results |
Hedge
derivatives |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial assets, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and others accounts receivable, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable from related entities, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial assets, non current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, non current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
F-48
| Liabilities |
Measured at
amortized cost |
At fair value
with changes in results |
Hedge
derivatives |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial liabilities, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and others accounts payable, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable to related entities, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial liabilities, non-current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, non-current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2022
| Assets |
Measured at
amortized cost |
At fair value
with changes in results |
Hedge
derivatives |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial assets, current (*) |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and others accounts receivable, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable from related entities, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial assets, non current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, non current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities |
Measured at
amortized cost |
At fair value
with changes in results |
Hedge
derivatives |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial liabilities, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and others accounts payable, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable to related entities, current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial liabilities, non-current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, non-current |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
(*) The value presented as measured at amortized cost, mainly correspond to ThUS$
340,008
of funds delivered as restricted advances (as described in Note 11) and guarantees delivered.
F-49
NOTE 8 -
TRADE AND OTHER ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE CURRENT, AND NON- CURRENT ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
| As of December 31, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other accounts receivable |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total trade and other accounts receivable |
|
|
|||||||||
| Less: Expected credit loss |
(
|
(
|
|||||||||
| Total net trade and accounts receivable |
|
|
|||||||||
| Less: non-current portion – accounts receivable |
(
|
(
|
|||||||||
| Trade and other accounts receivable, current |
|
|
|||||||||
The fair value of trade and other accounts receivable does not differ significantly from the book value.
To determine the expected credit losses, the Company groups accounts receivable for passenger and cargo transportation depending on the characteristics of shared credit risk and maturity.
| As of December 31, 2023 | As December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio maturity |
Expected
loss rate (1) |
Gross book
value (2) |
Impairment loss Provision |
Expected
loss rate (1) |
Gross book
value (2) |
Impairment loss Provision | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Up to date |
|
% |
|
(
|
|
% |
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From 1 to 90 days |
|
% |
|
(
|
|
% |
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From 91 to 180 days |
|
% |
|
(
|
|
% |
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From 181 to 360 days |
|
% |
|
(
|
|
% |
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over 360 days |
|
% |
|
(
|
|
% |
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)
Corresponds to the consolidated expected rate of accounts receivable.
Currency balances composition of Trade and other accounts receivable and non-current accounts receivable are as follow:
F-50
| Currency | As of December 31, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||
| Argentine Peso |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Brazilian Real |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Chilean Peso |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Colombian Peso |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
||||||||||||
| US Dollar |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Australian Dollar |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Japanese Yen |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Pound Sterling |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Korean Won |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Other Currencies |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
||||||||||||
The movements of the expected credit losses of the trade accounts receivables are as follows:
| Opening balance | Write-offs | (Increase) Decrease | Closing balance | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Periods | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2021 |
(
|
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2022 |
(
|
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2023 |
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Once pre-judicial and judicial collection efforts are exhausted, the assets are written off against the allowance. The Company only uses the allowance method rather than direct write-off, to ensure control.
The historical and current renegotiations are not significant, and the policy is to analyze case by case to classify them according to the existence of risk, determining they need to be reclassified to pre-judicial collection accounts.
The maximum credit-risk exposure at the date of presentation of the information is the fair value of each one of the categories of accounts receivable indicated above.
| As of December 31, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Gross exposure
according to balance |
Gross
impaired exposure |
Exposure net
of risk concentrations |
Gross exposure
according to balance |
Gross
Impaired exposure |
Exposure net
of risk concentrations |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other accounts receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
There are no relevant guarantees covering credit risk and these are valued when they are settled; no materially significant direct guarantees exist. Existing guarantees, if appropriate, are made through IATA.
F-51
NOTE 9 -
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE FROM/PAYABLE TO RELATED ENTITIES
(a)
Accounts receivable
| Tax No. | Related party | Relationship | Country of origin | Currency |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Qatar Airways | Indirect shareholder | Qatar | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Delta Air Lines, Inc. | Shareholder | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 76.335.600-0 | Parque de Chile S.A. | Related director | Chile | CLP |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.989.370-3 | Rio Dulce S.A. (*) | Related director | Chile | CLP |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.810.370-9 | Inversiones Costa Verde Ltda. y CPA. | Related director | Chile | CLP |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Inversora Aeronáutica Argentina S.A. | Related director | Argentina | ARS |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(b)
Current accounts payable
| Current liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax No. | Related party | Relationship | Country of origin | Currency |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Qatar Airways | Indirect shareholder | Qatar | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Delta Air Lines, Inc. | Shareholder | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Inversora Aeronáutica Argentina S.A. | Related director | Argentina | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Patagonia Seafarms INC (*) | Related director | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current and non current liabilities |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*)
Related until November 2022.
Transactions between related parties have been carried out on arm’s length conditions between interested and duly-informed parties. The transaction terms for the Liabilities of the period 2023 correspond from
30
days to
1
year of maturity, and the nature of the settlement of transactions are monetary.
F-52
NOTE 10 -
INVENTORIES
The composition of Inventories is as follows:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Technical stock (*) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Non-technical stock (**) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|||||||||
(*) Correspond to spare parts and materials that will be used in both own and third-party maintenance services.
(**) Consumption of on-board services, uniforms and other indirect materials
These are valued at their average acquisition cost net of their obsolescence provision according to the following detail:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Provision for obsolescence Technical stock |
|
|
|||||||||
| Provision for obsolescence Non-technical stock |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|||||||||
The resulting amounts do not exceed the respective net realization values.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company registered ThUS$
296,423
(ThUS$
148,790
for the year ended, December 31, 2022 and ThUS$
47,362
for the year ended December 31, 2021) the income statements, mainly related to on-board consumption and maintenance, which is part of the Cost of sales.
F-53
NOTE 11 -
OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS
(a)
The composition of other financial assets is as follows:
| Current Assets | Non-current assets | Total Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | As of December 31, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | As of December 31, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
(1) Other financial assets
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits in guarantee (aircraft) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guarantees for margins of derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed debt advances Chapter 11 (*) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other guarantees given |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal of other financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
(2) Hedging derivative asset
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of interest rate derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of foreign currency derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of fuel price derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal of derivative assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Other Financial Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*)
As of December 31, 2022, there are ThUS$
340,008
of funds delivered to an agent as restricted advances, the purpose of which is to settle the claims pending resolution existing at the exit of the Chapter 11 process.
The different derivative hedging contracts maintained by the Company are described in Note 18.
(b)
The balances composition by currencies of the Other financial assets are as follows:
| Type of currency |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
||||||||||||
| U.S.A dollar |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Other currencies |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
||||||||||||
F-54
NOTE 12 -
OTHER NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS
The composition of other non-financial assets is as follows:
| Current assets | Non-current assets | Total Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) Advance payments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft insurance and other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal advance payments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (b) Contract assets (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GDS costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit card commissions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Travel agencies commissions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal advance payments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (c) Other assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions to the International Aeronautical Telecommunications Society (“SITA”) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions to Aeronautical Service Companies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Judicial deposits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal other assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Other Non - Financial Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)
Movement of Contracts assets:
| Initial balance | Activation | Cumulative translation adjustment | Amortization | Final balance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2021 |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2022 |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-55
NOTE 13 -
NON-CURRENT ASSETS AND DISPOSAL GROUP CLASSIFIED AS HELD FOR SALE
Non-current assets and disposal group classified as held for sale at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are detailed below:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Aircraft |
|
|
|||||||||
| Engines and rotables |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other assets |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|||||||||
The balances are presented at the lower of book value and fair value less cost to sell. The fair value of these assets was determined based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities. This is a level II measurement as per the fair value hierarchy set out in Note 3.3 (2). There were no transfers between levels for recurring fair value measurements during the exercise.
Assets reclassified from Property, plant and equipment to Non-current assets or groups of assets for disposal classified as held for sale.
During 2020,
11
Boeing 767 aircraft were transferred from the Property, plant and equipment, to Non-current assets item or groups of assets for disposal classified as held for sale. During 2021, the sale of
5
aircraft was completed.
During the year 2022 the sale of
3
aircraft was finalized and during the year 2023 the sale of
1
aircraft was finalized.
During 2021, associated with the fleet restructuring plan,
3
engines of the Airbus A350 fleet were transferred from the Property, plant and equipment to Non-current assets or groups of assets for disposal classified as held for sale, of which during the same year the sale of
1
engine was finalized. Additionally, during the year 2022, the sale of
1
engine was finalized and some materials and spare parts of this same fleet were transferred to Non-current assets or groups of assets for disposal classified as held for sale. During the year
2023
, the sale of
1
engine, some spare parts, and materials was finalized.
During 2022,
28
A319 family aircraft were transferred from Property, plant and equipment to Non-current assets or asset groups for disposal classified as held for sale. Additionally, adjustments for US$
345
million of expenses were recognized within results as part of Other gains (losses) to record these assets at their net realizable value. During 2023, the engines associated with these aircraft were added, generating additional adjustments of US$
39
million, which were recorded in the result as part of Other gains (losses), in order to register these assets at their net realizable value.
During the year 2022,
6
aircraft and
8
engines of the Airbus A320 family were transferred from Property, plant and equipment to Non-current assets or asset groups for disposal classified as held for sale, and as December 31, 2022 the sale of
3
aircraft was finalized. As of December 31, 2023, the sale of
2
aircraft and
8
engines were finalized. Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2022, adjustments for US$
25
million of expenses were recognized to record these assets at their net realizable value, and since the fleet restructuring process had already been completed, these adjustments were recorded in results as part of Other expenses by function. During the year 2023,
6
Airbus A320 aircraft were transferred from the Property, Plant, and Equipment category to the Non-current Assets or Asset Groups held for sale category. Additionally, during the year 2023, adjustments of US$
9
million in expenses were recognized to record these assets at their net realizable value. These adjustments were recorded in the results as part of Other expenses by function.
F-56
During 2023,
1
Boeing 767 family aircraft was transferred from Property, plant and equipment to Non-current assets or asset groups for disposal classified as held for sale. Additionally, adjustments for US$
3
million of expenses were recognized within results as part of Other expenses by function to record these assets at their net realizable value.
The detail of the fleet classified as non-current assets and disposal group classified as held for sale is as follows:
| Aircraft | Model |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
|||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767 | 300F |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320 | 200 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A319 | 100 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
NOTE 14 -
INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES
(a) Investments in subsidiaries
The Company has investments in companies recognized as investments in subsidiaries. All the companies defined as subsidiaries have been consolidated within the financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries. The consolidation also includes special-purpose entities.
Detail of significant subsidiaries:
| Ownership | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name of significant subsidiary |
Country of
incorporation |
Functional
currency |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latam Airlines Perú S.A. | Peru | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lan Cargo S.A. | Chile | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Línea Aérea Carguera de Colombia S.A. | Colombia | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transporte Aéreo S.A. | Chile | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latam Airlines Ecuador S.A. | Ecuador | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A. | Colombia | COP |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas aéreas S.A. | Brazil | BRL |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| ABSA Aerolimhas Brasileiras S.A. | Brazil | US$ |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transportes Aéreos del Mercosur S.A. | Paraguay | PYG |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
The consolidated subsidiaries do not have significant restrictions for transferring funds to the parent company.
F-57
Summary financial information of significant subsidiaries
| Statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023 |
Income for the year
ended December 31, 2023 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name of significant subsidiary |
Total
Assets |
Current
Assets |
Non-current
Assets |
Total
Liabilities |
Current
Liabilities |
Non-current
Liabilities |
Revenue |
Net
Income/(loss) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latam Airlines Perú S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lan Cargo S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Línea Aérea Carguera de Colombia S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transporte Aéreo S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latam Airlines Ecuador S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ABSA Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transportes Aéreos del Mercosur S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Statement of financial position as of December 31, 2022 |
Income for the year
ended December 31, 2022 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name of significant subsidiary |
Total
Assets |
Current
Assets |
Non-current
Assets |
Total
Liabilities |
Current
Liabilities |
Non-current
Liabilities |
Revenue |
Net
Income/(loss) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latam Airlines Perú S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lan Cargo S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Línea Aérea Carguera de Colombia S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transporte Aéreo S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latam Airlines Ecuador S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ABSA Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transportes Aéreos del Mercosur S.A. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-58
(a)
Non-controlling interests
| Equity | Tax No. |
Country
of origin |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % | % | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latam Airlines Perú S.A. | Foreign | Peru |
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A. | Foreign | Colombia |
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Linea Aérea Carguera de Colombia S.A. | Foreign | Colombia |
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transportes Aéreos del Mercosur S.A. | Foreign | Paraguay |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lan Cargo S.A. and Subsidiaries | 93.383.000-4 | Chile |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other companies |
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
For the year ended
At December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incomes | Tax No. |
Country
of origin |
2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % | % | % | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latam Airlines Perú S.A | Foreign | Peru |
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A. | Foreign | Colombia |
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Linea Aérea Carguera de Colombia S.A. | Foreign | Colombia |
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transportes Aéreos del Mercosur S.A. | Foreign | Paraguay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lan Cargo S.A. and Subsidiaries | 93.383.000-4 | Chile |
|
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other companies |
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-59
NOTE 15 -
INTANGIBLE ASSETS OTHER THAN GOODWILL
The details of intangible assets are as follows:
|
Classes of intangible assets
(net) |
Classes of intangible assets
(gross) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Airport slots |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Loyalty program |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Computer software |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Developing software |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
a)
Movement in Intangible assets other than goodwill:
|
Computer
software and others Net |
Developing
software |
Airport
slots |
Loyalty
program (1) |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Withdrawals |
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer software and others |
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange |
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization |
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Withdrawals |
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer software and others |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange |
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer software and others |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-60
The amortization of each period is recognized in the consolidated income statement within administrative expenses.
The cumulative amortization of computer software and others as of December 31, 2023 amounts to ThUS$
442,142
(ThUS$
414,614
as of December 31, 2022).
The cumulative amortization of computer software and others as of December 31, 2023 amounts to ThUS$
b)
Impairment Test Intangible Assets with an indefinite useful life
As of December 31, 2023, the Company maintains only the CGU “Air Transport”.
The CGU “Air transport” considers the transport of passengers and cargo, both in the domestic markets of Chile, Peru, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil, as well as in a series of regional and international routes in America, Europe, Africa and Oceania.
The CGU “Air transport” considers the transport of passengers and cargo, both in the domestic markets of Chile, Peru, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil, as well as in a series of regional and international routes in America, Europe, Africa and Oceania.
As of December 31, 2023, in accordance with the accounting policy, the Company performed the annual impairment test.
The recoverable amount of the CGU was determined based on calculations of the value in use. These calculations use projections of
5
years of cash flows after taxes from the financial budgets approved by management. Cash flows beyond the budgeted period are extrapolated using growth rates and estimated average volumes, which do not exceed long-term average growth rates.
Management’s cash flow projections included significant judgements and assumptions related to annual revenue growth rates, discount rate, inflation rates, the exchange rate and the price of fuel. The annual revenue growth rate is based on past performance and management’s expectations of market development in each of the countries in which it operates. The discount rates used for the CGU "Air transport" are determined in US dollars, after taxes, and reflect specific risks related to the relevant countries of each of the operations. Inflation rates and exchange rates are based on the data available from the countries and the information provided by the Central Banks of the various countries where it operates, and the price of fuel is determined based on estimated levels of production, the competitive environment of the market in which they operate and their commercial strategy.
The recoverable values were determined using the following assumptions:
|
CGU
Air transport |
||||||||
| Annual growth rate (Terminal) | % |
|
||||||
| Exchange rate | R$/US$ |
|
||||||
| Discount rate based on the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) | % |
|
||||||
| Fuel Price | US$/barrel |
|
||||||
The result of the impairment test, which includes a sensitivity analysis of its main variables, showed that the recoverable amount exceeded the book value of the cash-generating unit, and therefore
no
impairment was identified.
The CGU is sensitive to annual growth rates, discounts and exchange rates and fuel price. The sensitivity analysis included the individual impact of changes in critical estimates in determining recoverable amounts, namely:
|
Increase
WACC Maximum |
Decrease rate
Terminal growth Minimal |
Increase
fuel price Maximum US$/barrel |
|||||||||||||||
| % | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Air Transportation CGU |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
In none of the above scenarios an impairment of the cash-generating unit was identified.
F-61
NOTE 16 -
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
The composition by category of Property, plant and equipment is as follows:
| Gross Book Value | Accumulated depreciation | Net Book Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a) Property, plant and equipment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction in progress (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Land |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Buildings |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plant and equipment |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Own aircraft (3) |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (2) |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Machinery |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Information technology equipment |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed installations and accessories |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motor vehicles |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal Properties, plant and equipment |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| b) Right of use | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft (3) |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal Right of use |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)
As of December 31, 2023, includes advances paid to aircraft manufacturers for ThUS$
242,069
(ThUS$
357,979
as of December 31, 2022).
(2)
Consider mainly rotables and tools.
(3)
There were reclassified to Non-current assets or groups of assets for disposal as held for sale the following aircrafts: As of December 31, 2023,
one
Boeing B767 and
six
Airbus A320, as of December 31, 2022,
six
Airbus A320 and
twenty-eight
Airbus A319 (see Note 13).
F-62
(a)
Movement in the different categories of Property, plant and equipment:
|
Construction
in progress |
Land |
Buildings
net |
Plant and
equipment net |
Information
technology equipment net |
Fixed
installations accessories net |
Motor
vehicles net |
Leasehold
improvements net |
Property,
Plant and equipment net |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposals |
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rejection fleet |
|
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retirements |
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expenses |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange |
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other increases (decreases) (*) |
|
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes, total |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposals |
|
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retirements |
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expenses |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other increases (decreases) (*) |
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes, total |
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposals |
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retirements |
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expenses |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other increases (decreases) (*) |
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes, total |
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*) This Amount included the following aircrafts reclassified to Non-current assets or groups of assets for disposal as held for sale: As of December 31, 2023,
one
Boeing B767 ThUS$(
21,578
) and
six
Airbus A320 ThUS$(
36,326
). As of December 31, 2022,
six
Airbus A320 ThUS$(
29,328
) and
twenty-eight
Airbus A319 ThUS$(
373,410
). As of December 31, 2021, includes advances paid to aircraft manufacturers for ThUS$
377,590
.
F-63
(b)
Right of use assets:
| Aircraft | Others |
Net right
of use assets |
|||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2021 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Additions |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Fleet rejection (*) |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Cumulative translate adjustment |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Other increases (decreases) (**) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total changes |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2021 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2022 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Additions |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Cumulative translate adjustment |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other increases (decreases) (***) |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total changes |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2023 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Additions |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Cumulative translate adjustment |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other increases (decreases) |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total changes |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
(*) Include aircraft lease rejection due to Chapter 11.
(**) Includes the renegotiations of
92
aircraft (
1
A319,
37
A320,
12
A320N,
19
A321,
1
B767,
6
B777 and
16
B787).
(***) Include the renegotiations of
115
aircraft (
1
A319,
39
A320,
14
A320N,
30
A321,
1
B767,
6
B777 and
24
B787).
F-64
(c)
Fleet composition
|
Aircraft included
in Property, plant and equipment |
Aircraft included
as Rights of use assets |
Total fleet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft | Model |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767 | 300ER |
|
(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767 | 300F |
|
(2) (3) |
|
(2) |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 777 | 300ER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 787 | 8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 787 | 9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A319 | 100 |
|
|
(2) |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320 | 200 |
|
(2) |
|
(2) |
|
|
(1) |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320 | NEO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A321 | 200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A321 | NEO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Include
one
aircraft with a short-term lease, which was excluded from the right of use.
(2) Some aircraft of these fleets were reclassified to non-current assets or groups of assets for disposal as held for sale, (see Note 13).
(3) Considers the conversions from Boeing 767-300ER to Boeing 767-300F Aircraft.
(d)
Method used for the depreciation of Property, plant and equipment:
| Useful life (years) | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation method | minimum | maximum | |||||||||||||||
| Buildings | Straight line without residual value |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Plant and equipment |
Straight line with residual value of
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Information technology equipment | Straight line without residual value |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Fixed installations and accessories | Straight line without residual value |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Motor vehicle | Straight line without residual value |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | Straight line without residual value |
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Assets for rights of use | Straight line without residual value |
|
|
||||||||||||||
(*)
Except in the case of the Boeing 767 300ER, Airbus 320 Family and Boeing 767 300F fleets that consider a lower residual value, due to the extension of their useful life to
22
,
25
and
30
years respectively. Additionally, certain technical components are depreciated based on cycles and hours flown.
F-65
(e)
Additional information regarding Property, plant and equipment:
(i)
Property, plant and equipment pledged as guarantee:
Description of Property, plant and equipment pledged as guarantee:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Guarantee
agent (1) |
Creditor
company |
Committed
Assets |
Fleet |
Existing
Debt |
Book
Value |
Existing
Debt |
Book
Value |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wilmington Trust Company | MUFG | Aircraft and engines | Airbus A319 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320 |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767 |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 777 |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit Agricole | Credit Agricole | Aircraft and engines | Airbus A319 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A320 |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus A321 |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767 |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 787 |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank Of Utah | BNP Paribas | Aircraft and engines | Boeing 787 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total direct guarantee |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)
For syndicated loans, given their own characteristics, the guarantee agent is the representative of the creditors.
The amounts of the current debts are presented at their nominal value. The net book values correspond to the assets granted as collateral.
Additionally, there are indirect guarantees associated with assets booked within Property, Plant and Equipment whose total debt as of December 31, 2023, amounts to ThUS$
898,166
(ThUS$
1,037,122
as of December 31, 2022). The book value of the assets with indirect guarantees as of December 31, 2023, amounts to ThUS$
1,925,069
(ThUS$
2,306,233
as of December 31, 2022).
As of December 31, 2023, the Company keeps valid letters of credit related to right of use assets according to the following detail:
| Creditor Guarantee | Debtor | Type |
Value
ThUS$ |
Release
date |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| GE Capital Aviation Services Ltd. | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
|
Dec 6, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merlin Aviation Leasing (Ireland) 18 Limited RB Comercial Properties 49 | Tam Linhas Aéreas S.A. |
|
|
Mar 11, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empreendimentos Imobiliarios LTDA | Tam Linhas Aéreas S.A. |
|
|
Apr 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-66
(ii)
Commitments and others
Fully depreciated assets and commitments for future purchases are as follows:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Gross book value of fully depreciated property, plant and equipment still in use |
|
|
|||||||||
| Commitments for the acquisition of aircraft (*) |
|
|
|||||||||
(*) According to the manufacturer’s price list.
Aircraft purchase commitments:
| Year of delivery | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturer | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027-2030 | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Airbus S.A.S. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A320neo Family |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Boeing Company | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 787-9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2023, as a result of the different aircraft purchase contracts signed with Airbus S.A.S.,
88
Airbus aircraft of the A320 family remain to be received with deliveries between 2024 and 2030. The approximate amount, according to manufacturer list prices, is ThUS$
13,800,000
.
As of December 31, 2023, as a result of the different aircraft purchase contracts signed with The Boeing Company,
5
Boeing aircraft of the 787 Dreamliner remain to be received with deliveries between 2027 and 2028. The approximate amount, according to manufacturer list prices, is ThUS$
1,900,000
.
Aircraft operational lease commitments:
As of December 31, 2023, as a result of the different aircraft operating lease contracts signed with AerCap Holdings N.V.,
4
Airbus aircraft of the Airbus A320neo family with delivery between 2024 and
4
Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft with delivery dates within 2025 remain to be received.
As of December 31, 2023, as a result of the different aircraft operating lease contracts signed with Aergo,
1
Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft, with delivery dates within 2024, remain to be received.
As of December 31, 2023,
as a result of the different aircraft operating lease contracts signed with Air Lease Corporative ,
1
Airbus aircraft of the A320neo family with delivery dates within 2024 remain to be received.
As of December 31, 2023,
as a result of the different aircraft operating lease contracts signed with Avolon Aerospace Leasing Limited,
2
Airbus aircraft of the A320neo family with delivery date within 2024 remain to be received.
As of December 31, 2023, as a result of the different aircraft operating lease contracts signed with Air Lease Corporation,
5
Airbus A321XLR family aircraft with delivery dates between 2025 and 2026 remain to be received.
F-67
(iii)
Capitalized interest costs with respect to Property, plant and equipment.
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Average rate of capitalization of capitalized interest costs | % |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Costs of capitalized interest | ThUS$ |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
(f) Assumption, Amendment Rejection of Executory Contracts Leases
On June 28, 2020, the Bankruptcy Court authorized the Debtors to establish procedures for the rejection of certain executory contracts and unexpired leases and on September 24, 2020, the Bankruptcy Court authorized the Debtors to establish procedures for the rejection of certain unexpired aircraft lease agreements, aircraft engine agreements and the abandonment of certain related assets. In accordance with these rejection procedures, the Bankruptcy Code and the Bankruptcy Rules the Debtors have or will reject certain contracts and leases (see notes 18 and 26). Relatedly, the Bankruptcy Court approved the Debtors’ request to extend the date by which the Debtors may assume or reject unexpired non-residential, real property leases until December 22, 2020. Pursuant to the Disclosure Statement Order, the Debtors have until the Effective Date of the Plan (as defined in the Plan) to assume or reject executory contracts and unexpired leases.
Further, the Debtors have filed motions to reject certain aircraft and engine leases and related agreements:
Bankruptcy Court approval date: Asset rejected:
January 29, 2021 (i)
2
Airbus A320-family aircraft
April 23, 2021 (i)
1
Airbus A350-941 aircraft
May 14, 2021 (i)
6
Airbus A350 aircraft
June 17, 2021 (i)
1
Airbus A350-941 aircraft
June 24, 2021 (i)
3
Airbus A350-941 aircraft
November 3, 2021 (i)
1
Rolls-Royce Trent XWB-84K engine;
(ii)
1
Rolls-Royce International Aero Engine AG V2527M-A5;
January 5, 2022 (i) General Terms Agreement between Rolls-Royce PLC and Rolls-
Royce Totalcare Services Limited and TAM Linhas Aereas S.A.;
March 22, 2022 (i)
1
International Aero Engines AG V2527-A5 engine; and
May 18, 2022 (i) Framework Deed Relating to the purchase and leaseback of
ten
used Airbus A330-200 aircraft,
nine
new Airbus A350-900 aircraft,
As of December 31, 2021, and as a result of these contract rejections, performance obligations with the lenders and lessors
were extinguished and the Company lost control over the related assets resulting in the derecognition of the assets and the liabilities associated with these aircraft. See Note 18 and 26.
Contracts rejected during 2022 in the previous table do not result in changes in the asset or liabilities structure of the Company, since these were general terms of agreement for purchases, engine maintenance contracts and short term leases which according to the accounting policies (see Note 2) should not be registered as right of use assets.
F-68
The Debtors also have filed motions to enter into certain new aircraft lease agreements, including:
Bankruptcy Court Approval Date: Counterparty / Aircraft
March 8, 2021 Vermillion Aviation (nine) Limited, Aircraft MSNs 4860 and 4827
April 12, 2021 Wilmington Trust Company, Solely in its Capacity as Trustee,
Aircraft MSNs 6698, 6780, 6797, 6798, 6894, 6895, 6899, 6949,
7005, 7036, 7081
May 30, 2021 UMB Bank N.A., Solely in its Capacity as Trustee, Aircraft MSNs
38459, 38478, 38479, 38461
August 31, 2021 (i) Avolon Aerospace Leasing Limited or its Affiliates, Aircraft
MSNs 38891, 38893, 38895
(ii) Sky Aero Management Ltd. ten Airbus A320neo
February 23, 2022 Vmo Aircraft Leasing,
Two
Boeing 787-9
March 17, 2022 Avolon Aerospace Leasing Limited,
two
Airbus A321neo
March 17, 2022 Air Lease Corporation,
three
Airbus A321NX
March 17, 2022 AerCap Ireland,
two
Airbus A321-200NEO
March 18, 2022 CDB Aviation Lease Finance DAC,
two
Airbus A321NX
April 14, 2022 Macquarie Aircraft Leasing Services (Ireland) Ltd.,
one
Airbus
A320-233
June 29, 2022 UK Export Finance,
four
Boeing 787-9
August 12, 2022 Air Lease Corporation,
three
Airbus A321XLR
September 8, 2022 Air Lease Corporation,
two
Airbus A321XLR
In addition, the Debtors also have filed motions to enter into certain aircraft lease amendment agreements which have the effect of, among other things, reducing the Debtors’ rental payment obligations and extension on the lease term. Certain amendments also involved updates to related financing arrangements. These amendments include:
Bankruptcy Court Approval Date: Amended Lease Agreement/Counterparty
April 14, 2021 (1) Bank of Utah
(2) AWAS 5234 Trust
(3) Sapucaia Leasing Limited, PK Airfinance US, LLC and PK Air 1
LP
April 15, 2021 Aviator IV 3058, Limited
April 27, 2021 Bank of America Leasing Ireland Co.,
May 4, 2021 (1) NBB Grosbeak Co., Ltd , NBB Cuckoo Co., Ltd., NBB-6658
Lease Partnership, NBB-6670 Lease Partnership and NBB Redstart
Co. Ltd.
(2) Sky High XXIV Leasing Company Limited and Sky High XXV
Leasing Company Limited
(3) SMBC Aviation Capital Limited
F-69
May 5, 2021 (1) JSA International US Holdings LLC and Wells Fargo Trust
Company N.A.
(2) Orix Aviation Systems Limited
May 27, 2021 (1) Shenton Aircraft Leasing 3 (Ireland) Limited.
(2) Chishima Real Estate Company, Limited and PAAL Aquila Company Limited
May 28, 2021 MAF Aviation 1 Designated Activity Company
May 30, 2021 (1) IC Airlease One Limited
(2) UMB Bank, National Association, Macquarie Aerospace
Finance 5125-2 Trust and Macquarie Aerospace Finance 5178
Limited
(3) Wilmington Trust SP Services (Dublin) Limited
(4) Aercap Holdings N.V.
(5) Banc of America Leasing Ireland Co.
(6) Castlelake L.P.
July 1, 2021 EX-IM Fleet
July 8, 2021 Greylag Goose Leasing 38887 Designated Activity Company
July 15, 2021 (1) ECAF I 40589 DAC
(2) Wells Fargo Company, National Associates, as Owner Trustee
(3) Orix Aviation Systems Limited
(4) Wells Fargo Trust Company, N.A.
July 20, 2021 (1) Avolon AOE 62 Limited
(2) Avolon Aerospace (Ireland) AOE 99 Limited, Avolon Aerospace (Ireland) AOE 100 Limited, Avolon Aerospace (Ireland) AOE 101 Limited, Avolon Aerospace (Ireland) AOE 102 Limited, Avolon Aerospace (Ireland) AOE 103 Limited, Avolon Aerospace AOE 130 Limited, Avolon Aerospace AOE 134 Limited
July 27, 2021 (1) Merlin Aviation Leasing (Ireland) 18 Limited
(2) JSA International U.S. Holdings, LLC
August 30, 2021 (1) Yamasa Sangyo Aircraft LA 1 Kumiai and Yamasa Sangyo
Aircraft LA2 Kumiai
(2) Dia Patagonia Ltd. and DIa Iguazu Ltd. Condor Leasing Co.,
Ltd., FC Initial Leasing Ltd., Alma Leasing Co., Ltd., and FI
Timothy Leasing Ltd.
(3) Platero Fleet
(4) SL Alcyone Ltd.
(5) NBB Crow Co., Ltd.
(6) NBB Sao Paulo Lease Co., Ltd., NBB Rio Janeiro Lease Co., Ltd. And NBB Brasilia Lease LLC
(7) Gallo Finance Limited
(8) Orix Aviation Systems Limited
The lease amendment agreements were accounted for as lease modifications (see Note 18).
In relation to several of these lease amendment agreements, the Debtors entered into claims settlement stipulations for
prepetition amounts due upon assumption of those agreements
F-70
NOTE 17 -
CURRENT AND DEFERRED TAXES
In the year ended December 31, 2023 the income tax provision was calculated and recorded, applying the semi-integrated tax system and a rate of
27
%, based on the provisions of the Law. No. 21,210, published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Chile, dated February 24, 2020, which updates the Tax Legislation.
The net result for deferred tax corresponds to the variation of the period, of the assets and liabilities for deferred taxes generated by temporary differences and tax losses.
For the permanent differences that give rise to a book value of assets and liabilities other than their tax value, no deferred tax has been recorded since they are caused by transactions that are recorded in the financial statements and that will have no effect on income tax expense.
(a.1)
Current taxes
(a.1)
The composition of the current tax assets is the following:
| Current assets | Non-current assets | Total assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provisional monthly payments (advances) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other recoverable credits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current tax assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a.2)
The composition of the current tax liabilities are as follows:
| Current liabilities | Non-current liabilities | Total liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current tax liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-71
(b) Deferred taxes
The balances of deferred tax are the following:
| Assets | Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concept |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Properties, Plants and equipment |
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Assets by right of use |
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Liabilities |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization |
(
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Provisions |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Revaluation of financial instruments |
(
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Tax losses |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Intangibles |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
The balance of deferred tax assets and liabilities are composed primarily of temporary differences to be reversed in the long term.
Movements of Deferred tax assets and liabilities
(b.1)
From January 1 to December 31, 2021
|
Opening
balance Assets/(liabilities) |
Recognized in
consolidated income |
Recognized in
comprehensive income |
Exchange
rate variation |
Ending
balance Asset (liability) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets for right of use |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Liabilities |
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provisions |
|
|
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revaluation of financial instruments |
(
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax losses (*) |
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangibles |
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others |
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-72
(b.2)
From January 1 to December 31, 2022
|
Opening
balance Assets/(liabilities) |
Recognized in
consolidated income |
Recognized in
comprehensive income |
Exchange
rate variation |
Ending
balance Asset (liability) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets for right of use |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Liabilities |
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization |
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provisions |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revaluation of financial instruments |
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax losses (*) |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangibles |
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others |
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
(
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
(b.3)
From January 1 to December 31, 2023
|
Opening
balance Assets/(liabilities) |
Recognized in
consolidated income |
Recognized in
comprehensive income |
Exchange
rate variation |
Ending
balance Asset (liability) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets for right of use |
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization |
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provisions |
(
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revaluation of financial instruments |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax losses (*) |
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangibles |
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*) Unrecognized deferred tax assets:
Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable profits will be generated in the future. In total the Company has not recognized deferred tax assets for ThUS$
3,572,528
at December 31, 2023 (ThUS$
3,651,023
as of December 31, 2022) which include deferred tax assets related to negative tax results of ThUS$
12,206,634
at December 31, 2023 (ThUS$
14,930,487
at December 31, 2022).
As stated in note 2c) the Company filed a Reorganization Plan and Disclosure Statement in which, among other items, financial forecasts were included together with the proposed issuance of new shares and convertible notes. With that information the Company´s management updated its analysis on the recoverability of deferred tax assets and determined that during the time covered by the financial forecast it will not be probable that part of such deferred tax assets may be offset by future taxable profits. Therefore, the Company during the fourth quarter of 2021 derecognized deferred tax assets not considered recoverable in the amount of ThUS$1,251,912.
As of December 31, 2022, the Management of the subsidiary Lan Cargo S.A., taking into account financial projections for future years, company derecognized DTA in the amount of Th US$
6,173
because it is not probable that future taxable profits would be generated in the future.
F-73
(Expenses)/income from deferred taxes and income tax:
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense)/benefit | |||||||||||||||||
| Current tax (expense) benefit |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to the current tax of the previous year |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total current tax (expense) benefit |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | |||||||||||||||||
| (Expense)/benefit for deferred tax recognition for tax losses (*) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Deferred income for relative taxes to the creation and reversal of temporary differences |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total deferred income tax |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense)/benefit |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
Income tax (expense)benefit
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Current tax (expense) benefit, foreign |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Current tax (expense) benefit, domestic |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total current tax (expense) benefit |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Foreign Deferred tax (expense) benefit, for tax losses compensation (*) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax (expense) benefit, foreign |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax (expense) benefit, domestic |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax (expense)benefit |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense)/benefit |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
(*) As a result of an agreement reached with the Brazilian tax authority TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. was authorized to use part of its available tax losses to pay some tax contingencies. As the company does not have recognized deferred tax asset for those tax losses, it was recognized as income to write off those tax contingencies.
F-74
Income before tax from the Chilean legal tax rate (
27
% as of December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021)
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
For the year ended
At December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit/(expense) using the legal tax rate |
(
|
(
|
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax effect by change in tax rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax effect of rates in other jurisdictions |
(
|
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax effect of non-taxable income |
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax effect of disallowable expenses |
(
|
(
|
(
|
-
|
-
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other increases (decreases): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derecognition of deferred tax liabilities for early termination of aircraft financing |
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax effect for goodwill impairment losses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derecognition of deferred tax assets not recoverable |
|
(
|
(
|
|
-
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax asset not recognized |
|
(
|
(
|
|
-
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other increases (decreases) |
(
|
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total adjustments to tax expense using the legal rate |
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit/(expense) using the effective rate |
(
|
(
|
(
|
-
|
-
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred taxes related to items charged to equity:
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Aggregate deferred taxation of components of other comprehensive income |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
F-75
NOTE 18 -
OTHER FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
The composition of other financial liabilities is as follows:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Current | |||||||||||
| (a) Interest bearing loans |
|
|
|||||||||
| (b) Lease Liability |
|
|
|||||||||
| (c) Hedge derivatives |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total current |
|
|
|||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||
| (a) Interest bearing loans |
|
|
|||||||||
| (b) Lease Liability |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total non-current |
|
|
|||||||||
(a) Interest bearing loans
Obligations with credit institutions and debt instruments:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Current | |||||||||||
| Bank loans (2) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Guaranteed obligations |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other guaranteed obligations (1)(2) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Subtotal bank loans |
|
|
|||||||||
| Obligation with the public (2) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Financial leases |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other loans |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total current |
|
|
|||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||
| Bank loans (2) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Guaranteed obligations |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other guaranteed obligations (1) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Subtotal bank loans |
|
|
|||||||||
| Obligation with the public (2) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Financial leases |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total non-current |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total obligations with financial institutions |
|
|
|||||||||
F-76
(1)
The committed "Revolving Credit Facility (RCF)" is guaranteed by collateral composed of aircraft, engines and spare parts, which was fully drawn until November 3, 2022. Once emerged from Chapter 11, the line was fully paid and of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, it is available to be used.
(2)
On March 14, 2022, a new consolidated and modified text of the Existing DIP Credit Agreement (the “New Consolidated and Modified DIP Credit Agreement”) was submitted to the Court for its approval. The New Consolidated and Amended DIP Credit Agreement (i) fully refinanced and replaced the existing Tranches A, B and C in the Existing DIP Credit Agreement; (ii) contemplated a maturity date in accordance with the calendar that the Debtors anticipated to emerge from the Chapter 11 Procedure; and (iii) included certain reductions in fees and interest compared to the Existing DIP Credit Agreement and the Recast and Amended DIP Initial Financing Proposal. The obligations under the DIP were secured by assets owned by LATAM and certain of its affiliates, including, but not limited to, shares, certain engines and spare parts.
On April 8, 2022, a consolidated and modified text was signed(the "Recast and Modified DIP Credit Agreement”) of the Original DIP Credit Agreement, which modified and consolidated said agreement and repaid the obligations pending payment under it. (that is, under its Tranches A, B and C). The total amount of the Consolidated and Modified DIP Credit Agreement was US$
3.700
million. The Consolidated and Amended DIP Credit Agreement (i) included certain reductions in fees and interest compared to the Existing DIP Credit Agreement; and (ii) contemplated an expiration date in accordance with the calendar that LATAM anticipated to emerge from the Chapter 11 Procedure. Regarding the latter, the scheduled expiration date of the Consolidated and Modified DIP Credit Agreement was August 8, 2022, subject to to possible extensions that, in certain cases, had a deadline of November 30, 2022.
Likewise, on April 8, 2022, the initial disbursement took place under the Consolidated and Modified DIP Credit Agreement for the amount of MUS$
2,750
. On April 28, 2022, an amendment to said contract was signed, extending the expiration date from August 8, 2022 to October 14, 2022.
On October 12, 2022, said Consolidated and Modified DIP Credit Agreement was repaid in its entirety with the DIP-to-Exit financing, which contemplated bridge financing for senior secured bonds maturing in 2027 for MUS$
750
, MUS$
750
in other bridge financing for senior secured notes due 2029, a MUS$
750
Term Financing, a financing called Junior DIP, for a total of MUS$
1,146
, and, lastly, a US Revolving Credit Facility MUS$
500
, which is not drawn. The DIP-to-exit financing was collateralized by assets owned by LATAM and certain of its affiliates. Of these, the Junior DIP contemplated a subordinate priority to the rest of the credits.
On October 18, 2022, the Bridge Loans were partially repaid by: i) a bond issue exempt from registration under U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S, both under the Securities Act, due 2027 (the “5-Year Bonds”), by a total principal amount of MUS$
450
and ii) a bond issue exempt from registration under the Securities Law pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S, both under the Securities Law, due 2029 (the “Bonds to 7 Years”), for a total principal amount of MUS$
700
.
In the context of the exit of the Company from the Chapter 11 Procedure on November 3, 2022, the Bridge Loans were repaid with additional: MUS$
350
corresponding to an incremental loan of Term Loan B.
On November 3, 2022, the company and all of its subsidiaries successfully emerged from Chapter 11.
Balances by currency of interest bearing loans are as follows:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| Currency | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso (U.F.) |
|
|
|||||||||
| US Dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|||||||||
F-77
Interest-bearing loans due in installments to December 31, 2023
Debtor: LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries, Tax No. 89.862.200-2, Chile.
Debtor: LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries, Tax No. 89.862.200-2, Chile.
| Nominal values | Accounting values | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax No. | Creditor |
Creditor
country |
Currency |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More than
five years |
Total
nominal value |
Up to
90 days |
More
than 90 days to one year |
More
than one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More than
five years |
Total
accounting value |
Amortization | Annual | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Effective
rate |
Nominal
rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | GOLDMAN SACHS | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations with the public | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.036.000-K | SANTANDER | Chile | UF | — | — | — | — |
|
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.036.000-K | SANTANDER | Chile | US$ | — | — | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | — |
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY | U.S.A. | US$ | — | — | — |
|
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | BNP PARIBAS | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly/Monthly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other guaranteed obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | CITIBANK | U.S.A. | US$ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
— | — | — | — |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | JP MORGAN CHASE | U.S.A. | US$ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
— | — | — | — |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | CREDIT AGRICOLE | France | US$ | — |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
At Expiration |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | MUFG | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
|
|
— | — |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | EXIM BANK | U.S.A. | US$ | — | — |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial leases | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | NATIXIS | France | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | US BANK | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
|
|
— | — |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | PK AIRFINANCE | U.S.A. | US$ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Quarterly | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | EXIM BANK | U.S.A. | US$ | — | — |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | BANK OF UTAH | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monthly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | Various (*) | US$ |
|
— | — | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | — |
|
At Expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*) Obligation to creditors for executed letters of credit.
F-78
Interest-bearing loans due in installments to December 31, 2023
Debtor: TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries, Tax No. 02.012.862/0001-60, Brazil
Debtor: TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries, Tax No. 02.012.862/0001-60, Brazil
| Nominal values | Accounting values | Annual | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More
than five years |
Total
nominal value |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More
than five years |
Total
accounting value |
Amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax No. |
Creditor
Country |
Currency |
Effective
rate |
Nominal
rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial lease | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | NATIXIS | France | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-79
Interest-bearing loans due in installments to December 31, 2022
Debtor: LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries, Tax No. 89.862.200-2, Chile.
Debtor: LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries, Tax No. 89.862.200-2, Chile.
| Nominal values | Accounting values | Amortization | Annual | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax No. | Creditor |
Creditor
country |
Currency |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More
than five years |
Total
nominal value |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More
than five years |
Total
accounting value |
Effective
rate |
Nominal
rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | SANTANDER | Spain | US$ | — | — |
|
— | — |
|
|
— |
|
— | — |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | GOLDMANSACHS | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations with the public | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.036.000- K | SANTANDER | Chile | UF | — | — | — | — |
|
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.036.000- K | SANTANDER | Chile | US$ | — | — | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | — |
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY | U.S.A. | US$ | — | — | — |
|
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
|
At Expiration |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | BNP PARIBAS | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly/Monthly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other guaranteed obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | CREDIT AGRICOLE | France | US$ | — |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | MUFG | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
|
|
— | — |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | CITIBANK | U.S.A. | US$ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
— | — | — | — |
|
At Expiration |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | EXIM BANK | U.S.A. | US$ | — | — |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial leases | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | CITIBANK | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
— | — | — |
|
|
|
— | — | — |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | BNP PARIBAS | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
|
|
— | — |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | NATIXIS | France | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | US BANK | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
|
|
— | — |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | PK AIRFINANCE | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
— | — |
|
|
|
|
— | — |
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | EXIM BANK | U.S.A. | US$ | — | — |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
Quarterly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | BANK OF UTAH | U.S.A. | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monthly |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other loan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | Various (*) | US$ |
|
— | — | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | — |
|
At Expiration |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*) Obligation to creditors for executed letters of credit.
F-80
Interest-bearing loans due in installments to December 31, 2022
Debtor: TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries, Tax No. 02.012.862/0001-60, Brazil
Debtor: TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries, Tax No. 02.012.862/0001-60, Brazil
| Tax No. |
Creditor
Country |
Currency | Nominal values | Accounting values | Amortization | Annual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More
than five years |
Total
nominal value |
Up to
90 days |
More than
90 days to one year |
More than
one to three years |
More than
three to five years |
More
than five years |
Total
accounting value |
Effective
rate |
Nominal
rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | Merril Lynch Credit Products LLC | Brazil | BRL |
|
— | — | — | — |
|
|
— | — | — | — |
|
Monthly |
|
% |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial lease | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-E | NATIXIS | France | US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Semiannual/Quarterly |
|
% |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*) Obligation to creditors for executed letters of credit.
F-81
(b) Lease Liability:
The movement of the lease liabilities corresponding to the period reported are as follow:
| Aircraft | Others |
Lease
Liability Total |
|||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2021 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| New contracts |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Lease termination |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Renegotiations |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Payments |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Cumulative translation adjustment |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Other increases (decreases) |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Changes |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2021 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2022 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| New contracts |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Lease termination |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Renegotiations |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Exit effect of chapter 11 (*) |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Payments |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Cumulative translation adjustment |
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other increases (decreases) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Changes |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2023 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| New contracts |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Lease termination |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Renegotiations |
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Payments |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Subsidiaries conversion difference |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Changes |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
(*) Corresponds to the effect of emergence from Chapter 11 ThUS$
679,273
associated with claim settlement (Derecognition of assets for right of use for ThUS$
639,728
(See Note 24 letter g (4)) and conversion of Notes forThUS$
39,545
) and ThUS$
316,615
due to IBR rate change.
The Company recognizes interest payments related to lease liabilities in the consolidated result under Finance costs (See Note 26(c)). The Average discount rates for calculation of lease liability are as follows.
|
Discount rate
December 2023 |
Discount rate
December 2022 |
||||||||||
| Aircraft |
|
|
|||||||||
| Others |
|
|
|||||||||
F-82
(c)
Hedge derivatives
| Current liabilities | Non-current liabilities | Total hedge derivatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of foreign currency derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total hedge derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The foreign currency derivatives correspond to options, forwards and swaps.
Hedging operation
The fair values of net assets/ (liabilities), by type of derivative, of the contracts held as hedging instruments are presented below:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Interest rate option (1) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Fuel options (2) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Foreign currency derivative R$/BRL$ (3) |
(
|
|
|||||||||
(1)
They cover significant variations in cash flows associated with the market risk implicit in increases in the SOFR interest rate for long-term loans originating from the acquisition of aircraft and bank loans. These contracts are recorded as cash flow hedge contracts.
(2)
Hedge significant variations in cash flows associated with market risk implicit in the changes in the price of future fuel purchases. These contracts are recorded as cash flow hedges.
(3)
Hedge significant variations in expected cash flows associated with the market risk implicit in changes in exchange rates, particularly the US$/BRL. These contracts are recorded as cash flow hedge contracts.
The Company only maintains cash flow hedges. In the case of fuel and currency hedges, the cash flows subject to said hedges will occur and will impact results in the next
12
months months from the date of the consolidated statement of financial position. In the case of interest rate derivatives, the settlements will occur in the next
6
months and will remain in the balance until the date of arrival of the associated aircraft, date on which it will be part of the right-of-use asset and will begin to impact results on a monthly basis until the expiration of the respective lease
All hedging operations have been performed for highly probable transactions, except for fuel hedge. See Note 3.
See Note 24 (f) for reclassification to profit or loss for each hedging operation and Note 17 (b) for deferred taxes related.
F-83
NOTE 19 -
TRADE AND OTHER ACCOUNTS PAYABLES
The composition of Trade and other accounts payables is as follows:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Current | |||||||||||
|
(a) Trade and other accounts payables
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
(b) Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total trade and other accounts payables |
|
|
|||||||||
(a)
Trade and other accounts payable:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Trade creditors |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other accounts payable |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|||||||||
F-84
The details of Trade and other accounts payables are as follows:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Boarding Fees |
|
|
|||||||||
| Maintenance |
|
|
|||||||||
| Airport charges and overflight |
|
|
|||||||||
| Handling and ground handling |
|
|
|||||||||
| Suppliers technical purchases |
|
|
|||||||||
| Leases, maintenance and IT services |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other personnel expenses |
|
|
|||||||||
| Aircraft Fuel |
|
|
|||||||||
| Professional services and advisory |
|
|
|||||||||
| Services on board |
|
|
|||||||||
| Marketing |
|
|
|||||||||
| Air companies |
|
|
|||||||||
| Crew |
|
|
|||||||||
| Agencies sales commissions |
|
|
|||||||||
| Aircraft Insurance |
|
|
|||||||||
| Others |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total trade and other accounts payables |
|
|
|||||||||
(b)
Liabilities accrued:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Aircraft and engine maintenance |
|
|
|||||||||
| Accrued personnel expenses |
|
|
|||||||||
| Accounts payable to personnel (1) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Others accrued liabilities |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total accrued liabilities |
|
|
|||||||||
(1) Participation in profits and bonuses (Note 22 letter b).
F-85
NOTE 20 -
OTHER PROVISIONS
| Current liabilities | Non-current liabilities | Total Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for contingencies (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax contingencies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Civil contingencies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Labor contingencies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for European | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commission investigation (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other provisions (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)
Provisions for contingencies:
The tax contingencies correspond to litigation and tax criteria related to the tax treatment applicable to direct and indirect taxes, which are found in both administrative and judicial stage.
The civil contingencies correspond to different demands of civil order filed against the Company.The labor contingencies correspond to different demands of labor order filed against the Company.
Provisions are recognized in the consolidated income statement in administrative expenses or tax expenses, as appropriate.
The Company maintains other judicial processes, individually and cumulatively , do not have a significant impact on these financial statements
(2) Provision made for proceedings brought by the European Commission for possible breaches of free competition in the freight market.
(3) Total other provision as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, include the fair value of the contingencies arising at the time of the business combination with TAM S.A and subsidiaries,with a probability of loss under
50
%, which are not recognized in the normal course of IFRS Accounting Standards application and which only in the context of a business combination should be recognized under IFRS Accounting Standards.
F-86
Movement of provisions:
|
Legal
claims (1) |
European
Commission Investigation (1) |
Onerous
Contracts |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2021 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Increase in provisions |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Provision used |
(
|
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Difference by subsidiaries conversion |
(
|
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Reversal of provision |
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange difference |
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2021 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Increase in provisions |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Provision used |
(
|
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Difference by subsidiaries conversion |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Reversal of provision |
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange difference |
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Increase in provisions |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Provision used |
(
|
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Difference by subsidiaries conversion |
(
|
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Reversal of provision |
(
|
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange difference |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
F-87
NOTE 21 -
OTHER NON-FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
| Current liabilities | Non-current liabilities | Total Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue (1)(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retentions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other sundry liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other non-financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred Revenue Movement
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial balance |
(1)
Recognition |
Use |
Loyalty
program (Award and redeem) |
Expiration of
tickets |
Translation
Difference |
Others
provisions |
Final
balance |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2021 |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2022 |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2023 |
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)
The balance includes mainly, deferred revenue for services not provided as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and for the frequent flyer LATAM Pass program.
LATAM Pass is LATAM’s frequent flyer program that allows rewarding the preference and loyalty of its customers with multiple benefits and privileges, through the accumulation of miles or points that can be exchanged for tickets or for a varied range of products and services. Clients accumulate miles or LATAM Pass points every time they fly in LATAM and other airlines associated with the program, as well as by buying in stores or use the services of a vast network of companies that have agreements with the program around the world.
(2)
As of
December 31, 2023
, Deferred Income includes ThUS$
40,500
related to the compensation from Delta Air Lines, Inc., which is recognized in the income statement based on the estimation of income differentials until the implementation of the strategic alliance.
F-88
NOTE 22 -
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Retirements payments |
|
|
|||||||||
| Resignation payments |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other obligations |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total liability for employee benefits |
|
|
|||||||||
(a)
The movement in retirements, resignations and other obligations:
|
Opening
balance |
Increase (decrease)
current service provision |
Benefits
paid |
Actuarial
(gains) losses |
Currency
translation |
Closing
balance |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2021 |
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2022 |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2023 |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The main assumptions used in the calculation of the provision in Chile are presented below:
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
||||||||||||||
| Assumptions | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Discount rate |
|
% |
|
% | ||||||||||
| Expected rate of salary increase |
|
% |
|
% | ||||||||||
| Rate of turnover |
|
% |
|
% | ||||||||||
| Mortality rate | RV-2020 | RV-2014 | ||||||||||||
| Inflation rate |
|
% |
|
% | ||||||||||
| Retirement age of women |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Retirement age of men |
|
|
||||||||||||
The discount rate is based on the bonds issued by the Central Bank of Chile with a maturity of
20
years. The RV-2020 and RV-2014 mortality tables correspond to those established by the Commission for the Financial Market of Chile. The inflation rates are based on the yield curves of the long term nominal and inflation adjusted bonds based on BCU and BCPs issued by the Central Bank of Chile.
The calculation of the present value of the defined benefit obligation is sensitive to the variation of some actuarial assumptions such as discount rate, salary increase, rotation and inflation.
F-89
The sensitivity analysis for these variables is presented below:
| Effect on the liability | |||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Discount rate | |||||||||||
| Change in the accrued liability an closing for increase in 100 b.p. |
(
|
(
|
|||||||||
| Change in the accrued liability an closing for decrease of 100 b.p. |
|
|
|||||||||
| Rate of wage growth | |||||||||||
| Change in the accrued liability an closing for increase in 100 b.p. |
|
|
|||||||||
| Change in the accrued liability an closing for decrease of 100 b.p. |
(
|
(
|
|||||||||
(b)
The liability for short-term:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Profit-sharing and bonuses (*) |
|
|
|||||||||
(*)
Accounts payables to employees (Note 19 letter b)
The participation in profits and bonuses related to an annual incentive plan for achievement of certain objectives.
(c) CIP (Corporate Incentive Plan)
With the aim of incentivizing the retention of talent among the executives of the Company and in response to the exit of the Chapter 11 Procedure, it was agreed to grant an extraordinary and exceptional incentive called Corporate Incentive Plan (hereinafter also "CIP"), which will be enforceable and paid subject to compliance with the terms, clauses and conditions approved at the Board meeting dated April 25, 2023. In summary, the CIP contemplates
three
categories oriented to
three
different groups or categories of employees, whether they are hired by the Company directly, or in other companies of the LATAM group. These categories are as follows: Non-Executive Employees; Executives Not part of the Global Executive Meeting o “GEM”; and GEM Executives. Employees in each of these groups are only eligible for the CIP that corresponds to their respective category. The terms of each of these CIP categories were communicated to the respective employees between the months of January to December 2023.
Below are more background on each of the different categories of the CIP. Additionally, in Note 33 describes in more detail the main terms and conditions of the last
two
categories of the CIP (i.e., Non-GEM Executives; and GEM Executives):
i) Non-Executive Employees: The first subprogram was aimed at non-executive employees who, while hired in LATAM as of December 31, 2020, were still in their position as of April 30, 2023, which includes a fixed and guaranteed payment in cash on certain dates, depending on the country where the employee is hired.
This subprogram is available to those employees who were unable to qualify for one of the
two
categories below, or who were able to do so, chose not to participate in them.
F-90
ii) Executives Not part of the GEM: The second subprogram applies to senior executives not part of the GEM (Global Executive Meeting – Senior Managers, Managers, Assistant Managers). This program contemplates the creation of remuneration synthetic Units (hereinafter, simply "Units") that, by reference, are considered as equivalent to the price of
one
share of LATAM Airlines Group S.A., and consequently, in case they become effective, they grant the worker the right to receive the payment in cash that results from multiplying the number of Units that become effective by the value per share of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. that should be considered in accordance with CIP.
In this context, this program contemplates
two
different bonuses: (1) a withholding bonus, consisting of the amount in cash resulting from Units that are assigned to the respective employee, these Units being paid at
20
% at month
15
and
80
% at month
24
, in each case, counted from the exit date of Chapter 11 Procedure (i.e., November 3, 2022) (the "Exit Date"). This is consequently a guaranteed payment for these employees; and (2) a bonus associated with the certain financial indicators of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and its subsidiaries, which is reflected in Note 19 (b), becoming effective
20
% at month
15
and
80
% at month
24
, in each case, from the Exit Date. Consequently, this is an eventual payment that is only made if these indicators are reached.
iii) GEM Executives: The third subprogram applies to the Company´s GEM executives (Global Executive Meeting) (CEO and employees whose job description is "vice presidents" or "directors"). This program, in essence, contemplates the creation of remuneration synthetic Units that, by referential means, are considered as equivalent to the price of
one
share of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and consequently, in case they become effective, they grant the worker the right to receive the payment in cash that results from multiplying the number of Units that become effective by the value per share of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. that must be considered according to the CIP.
These Units are divided into:
(1) Units associated with the employee's permanence in the Company ("RSUs" – Retention Shares Units); and (2) Units associated with both the employee's permanence in the Company and the performance of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. ("PSUs" – Performance Shares Units). This performance is ultimately measured according to the share price of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. in the terms and conditions of the CIP.
Both the RSUs and the PSUs are consequently associated with the passage of time, becoming effective by partialities according to the calendar contemplated by the CIP. For the case of RSUs, having a vesting guaranteed by partialities as explained in more detail in Note 33. On the other hand, the PSUs also consider the market value of the share of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. considering a liquid market. However, as long as there is no such liquid market, the share price will be determined on the basis of representative transactions. As explained in more detail in Note 33, PSUs constitute a contingent and non-guaranteed payment.
In addition, some GEM Executives will also be entitled to receive a fixed and guaranteed cash payment ("MPP" – Management Protection Plan) on certain dates according to the CIP. Those employees who are eligible for this MPP will also be eligible for a limited number of additional MSUs ("MPP Based RSUs").
In all cases, the respective employees must have remained as such in the Company at the corresponding accrual date to qualify for these benefits.
During the year of 2023 until the month of December, the amount accrued related to this CIP was US$
66.8
million, which is recorded in the "Administrative expenses" line of the Interim Consolidated Statement of Income by Function. As of December 31, 2023, the amount of this plan recorded in the consolidated statement of financial position is US$
118.9
million.
F-91
(d)
Employment expenses are detailed below:
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Salaries and wages |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Short-term employee benefits |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other personnel expenses |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
NOTE 23 -
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE, NON-CURRENT
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Aircraft and engine maintenance |
|
|
|||||||||
| Fleet (JOL) |
|
|
|||||||||
| Airport and Overflight Taxes |
|
|
|||||||||
| Provision for vacations and bonuses |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other sundry liabilities |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total accounts payable, non-current |
|
|
|||||||||
NOTE 24 -
EQUITY
(a)
Capital
The Company’s objective is to maintain an appropriate level of capitalization that enables it to ensure access to the financial markets for carrying out its medium and long-term objectives, optimizing the return for its shareholders and maintaining a solid financial position.
The paid capital of the Company at December 31, 2023 amounts to ThUS$
5,003,534
divided into
604,437,877,587
common stock of a same series (ThUS$
13,298,486
divided into
604,437,584,048
shares as of December 31, 2022), a single series nominative, ordinary character with
no
par value. The total number of authorized shares of the Company as of December 31, 2023, corresponds to
604,441,789,335
shares. There are no special series of shares and no privileges. The form of its stock certificates and their issuance, exchange, disablement, loss, replacement and other similar circumstances, as well as the transfer of the shares, is governed by the provisions of the Corporate Law and its regulations.
At the Company's Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting held on July 5, 2022, it was agreed to increase the Company's capital by ThUS$
10,293,270
through the issuance of
73,809,875,794
paid shares and
531,991,409,513
backup shares, all ordinary, of the same and single series, without par value, of which: (a)ThUS$
9,493,270
represented by
531,991,409,513
new shares, to be used to respond to the conversion of the Convertible Notes, according to this term is defined below (the “Support Shares”); and (b) ThUS$
800,000
represented by
73,809,875,794
new paid shares (the “New Paid Shares”), to be offered preferentially to shareholders. On September 13, 2022, the preferential placement of the convertible notes and, in turn, of the new paid shares began, ending on the following dates, as explained below:
1.
On October 12, 2022 expired the 30-day preemptive rights offering period (the “POP”) of (i) the
73,809,875,794
new paid shares, issued and registered in the Securities Registry of the Comisión para el Mercado Financiero (“CMF”) (the “ERO”); and (ii)
1,257,002,540
notes convertible into shares Serie G, the
1,372,839,695
notes
F-92
convertible into shares Serie H, and the
6,863,427,289
notes convertible into shares Serie I, all registered in the Securities Registry of the CMF (jointly, the “Convertible Notes”).
2.
On October 13, 2022, the second round (the “Second Round”) of subscription of the ERO has taken place, in which had the right to participate, the shareholders (or their assignees) that subscribed ERO in the POP and expressed to LATAM, at the time of the subscription, their intention to participate in the Second Round.
3.
As previously reported, the Remainder will be placed, in compliance with the applicable laws and regulations, according to the rules governing the offering of the ERO and the Convertible Notes, as provided in Article 10 of the Regulations of the Corporations Law. Such placement includes, among other things, the placement of a portion of the Remainder with (i) a group of unsecured creditors of LATAM represented by Evercore and certain holders of Chilean notes issued by LATAM (collectively, the “Backstop Creditors”); and (ii) Delta Air Lines, Inc., Qatar Airways Investments (UK) Ltd. and the Cueto group (collectively, the “Backstop Shareholders”; and them jointly with the Backstop Creditors, the “Backstop Parties”) according to the rules of their respective backstop commitment agreements (the “Backstop Agreements”).
4.
For purposes of the above, the Company will exercise its rights under the Backstop Agreements and will therefore require the Backstop Parties to subscribe and pay their respective portion of the Remainder, as provided in such agreements. Given the funding period contemplated in the Backstop Agreements, the Company managed to exit the Chapter 11 on November 3, 2022. Consequently, on this same date the Company, together with its various subsidiaries that were part of the Chapter 11 Procedure, have emerged from bankruptcy.
5.
As part of the implementation of its Reorganization Plan within the framework of the exit from Chapter 11, LATAM issued US$
800
million in new paid shares and ThUS$
9,493,270
through the issue of
three
classes of notes convertible into Company shares, backed by
531,991,409,513
shares totaling of
605,801,285,307
shares. As of December 31, 2023, of the aforementioned capital increase,
603,831,469,894
shares were subscribed and paid (
603,831,176,355
shares as of December 31, 2022), equivalent to ThUS$
10,169,622
as of December 31, 2023 (ThUS$
10,152,221
as of December 31, 2022) and as of December 31, 2022 costs of issuance and placement of shares and convertible bonds were generated for ThUS$
810,279
, which are presented as part of the Other reserves and was reclassified to "paid-in capital" according to the Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting held on April 20, 2023, as explained below
6.
At the Company's Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting held on April 20, 2023, it was agreed to:
6.i) A decrease in the Company's capital for an amount of ThUS$
7,501,896
, without altering the number and characteristics of the shares into which it is divided, by absorbing the Company's accumulated losses as of December 31, 2022 for the same amount;
6.ii) Others decrease of the Company's capital for an amount of ThUS$
178
, without altering the number and characteristics of the shares into which it is divided, through the absorption of the equity account of "Treasury Shares" as of December 31, 2022 for the same amount, produced on the occasion of the January 2013 reduction of capital stock by operation of law that took place in accordance with the provisions of Article 27 of the Corporations Law.
6.iii) Deduction of the Company´s capital the account "Costs of issuing shares and new convertible notes, for an amount of ThUS$
810,279
.
On September 6, 2023, by public deed granted at the Notary of Santiago of Mr. Eduardo Diez Morello, under repertoire number 15,327-2023 entitled "Declaración de Colocación y Vencimiento Plazo de Colocación Bonos Convertibles "Series G", "Series H" and "Series I" and Reducción de Capital de Pleno Derecho", it was realized that on September 5, 2023 the maturity of the placement term (the "Placement Term") of Convertible Notes. Consequently, in accordance with the mentioned in number Four of Clause Six of the respective notes issuance contract (the "Issuance Agreement"), as of that date the amount placed against it remained unchanged, and consequently the Convertible Notes not placed on that date were null and void. For the sake of completeness, it was declared that upon maturity of the Placement Term,
123,605,720
Series G Convertible Notes and
37
Series I Convertible Notes (collectively, the "Unplaced Convertible Notes") remained unplaced, for an amount of US$
123,605,720
and US$
37
, respectively (hereinafter, together, the "Unplaced Amount"). The conversion option of the Unplaced Convertible Notes was backed by
1,965,903,665
shares as equity.
F-93
Likewise, in the aforementioned deed it was realized that since all the Unplaced Convertible Bonds have been terminated, since they have been null and void, they cannot be converted into shares of the issuer, consequently reducing the Company's Capital Share by an amount equal to the Unplaced Amount.
Therefore, as of September 6, 2023, the amount of the Share Capital has been reduced by law in the amount of ThUS$
123,606
, equivalent to
1,965,903,665
shares. As a result of the foregoing, as of December 31, 2023, the total statutory share capital of the Company was reduced by law from the amount of ThUS$
5,127,182
, divided into
606,407,693,000
shares, of the same and unique series, without par value, to the amount of ThUS$
5,003,576
, divided into
604,441,789,335
shares, of which US$
5,003,534
million, equivalent to
604,437,877,587
shares, are fully paid. To date, the balance of ThUS$
42
, equivalent to
3,911,748
shares, are pending of subscription and payment and are intended exclusively to respond to the conversion of
42,398
Series H Convertible Notes.
(b)
Movement of authorized shares
The following table shows the movement of the authorized, fully paid shares and back-up shares to be delivered in the event that the respective conversion option is exercised under the convertible notes currently issued by the Company:
| As of December 31, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N° of authorized shares | N° of Subscribed of shares and paid or delivered pursuant to the exercise of the conversion option | N° of convertible notes back-up shares pending to place | N° of shares to subscribe or not used | N° of authorized shares | N° of Subscribed of shares and paid or delivered pursuant to the exercise of the conversion option | N° of convertible notes back-up shares pending to place | N° of shares to subscribe or not used | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening Balance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New shares issued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible Notes G |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible Notes H |
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible Notes I |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reduction of full right (*) |
(
|
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal |
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing Balance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*) See letter (a) above, in the same Note.
F-94
(c)
Share capital
The following table shows the movement of share capital:
|
Paid- in
Capital |
|||||
| ThUS$ | |||||
| Initial balance as of January 1, 2021 |
|
||||
| There are no movements of shares paid during the 2021 period |
|
||||
| Ending balance as of December 31, 2021 |
|
||||
| Initial balance as of January 1, 2022 |
|
||||
| New shares issued (ERO) |
|
||||
| Conversion options of convertible notes exercised during the year - Convertible Notes G (1) |
|
||||
| Conversion options of convertible notes exercised during the year - Convertible Notes H |
|
||||
| Conversion options of convertible notes exercised during the year - Convertible Notes I (2) |
|
||||
| Subtotal |
|
||||
| Ending balance as of December 31, 2022 |
|
||||
| Initial balance as of January 1, 2023 |
|
||||
| Placement during the conversion options period - Convertible Notes G |
|
||||
| Absorption of Accumulated Losses as of December 31, 2022 (3) |
(
|
||||
| Absorption of treasury shares (3) |
(
|
||||
| Deduction of issuance and placement costs of shares and bonds convertible into shares (3) |
(
|
||||
| Subtotal |
(
|
||||
| Ending balance as of December 31, 2023 |
|
||||
(1)
It only includes Convertible Notes bonds delivered as payment of debts recognized in Chapter 11.
(2)
Part of the Convertible Notes were to extinguish through exchange credits that were recognized in Chapter 11.
(3)
As explained in letter a) of this Note, at the Company's Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting held on April 20, 2023, it was agreed to absorb retained losses and reduce the Company's capital.
(d)
Treasury stock
At December 31, 2023, the Company held
no
treasury stock. The remaining of ThUS$(
178
) corresponds to the difference between the amount paid for the shares and their book value, at the time of the full right decrease of the shares which held in its portfolio.As explained in letter a) of this same Note, at the Company's Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting held on April 20, 2023, an absorption of the Company's capital was agreed for an amount of ThUS$
178
.
(e)
Other equity- Value of conversion right - Convertible Notes
(e.1)
Notes subscription
The Convertible Notes were issued to be place in exchange for a cash contribution, in exchange for settlement of Chapter 11 Proceeding or a combination of both. Convertible Notes issued in exchange for cash were valued at fair value (the cash received). Notes issued in exchange for settlement of Chapter 11 claims were valued considering the discount that each group of liabilities settled on at the emergence date. The table below shows the 3 Convertible Notes at their nominal values, the adjustment, if any, to arrive at their fair values and the amount of transaction costs. The conversion option classified as equity is determined by deducting the amount of the liability component from the fair value of the compound instrument as a whole. The equity portion is recognized under Other equity at the time the Convertible Notes are issued.
F-95
| As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concepts |
Convertible
Notes G |
Convertible
Notes H |
Convertible
Notes I |
Total
Convertible Notes |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Face Value |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment to fair value Convertible Notes at the date of issue |
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance cost |
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal |
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value of Notes |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt component at the date of issue |
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity component at the date of issue |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concepts |
Convertible
Notes G |
Convertible
Notes H |
Convertible
Notes I |
Total
Convertible Notes |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Face Value |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment to fair value Convertible Notes at the date of issue |
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal |
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value of Notes |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity component at the date of issue |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
F-96
(e.2)
Conversion of notes into shares
As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 the following notes have been converted into shares:
| As of December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concepts |
Convertible
Notes G |
Convertible
Notes H |
Convertible
Notes I |
Total
Convertible Notes |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion percentage |
|
% |
|
% |
|
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion option of convertible notes exercised |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Converted Notes |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concepts |
Convertible
Notes G |
Convertible
Notes H |
Convertible
Notes I |
Total
Convertible Notes |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion percentage |
|
% |
|
% |
|
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion option of convertible notes exercised |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Converted debt component |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Converted Notes |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
The conversion option from the issuance of convertible notes classified as equity is determined by deducting the amount of the liability component from the fair value of the compound instrument (i.e. convertible notes) as a whole. This is recognized and included in equity, net of income tax effects, and is not subsequently remeasured. In addition, the conversion option classified as equity will remain in equity until the conversion option is exercised, in which case, the balance recognized in equity will be transferred to share capital. As of December 31, 2023, the portion not converted into equity corresponds to ThUS$
39
.
(e.3)
The Convertible Notes
The contractual conditions of the G, H and I Convertible Notes consider the delivery of a fixed number of shares of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. at the time of settlement of the conversion option of each of them. The foregoing determined the classification of convertible notes as equity instruments, with the exception of Bond H, which considers, in addition to the delivery of a fixed number of shares, the payment of
1
% annual interest with certain conditions for its payment and its accrual from
60
days after the exit Date. The payment of this interest gives rise to the recognition of a liability component for the class H convertible notes.
At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component in the amount of ThUS$
102,031
was estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for similar non-convertible instruments.
Transaction costs relating to the liability component are included in the carrying amount of the liability portion and amortized over the period of the convertible notes using the effective interest method.
F-97
(f)
Reserve of share- based payments
Movement of Reserves of share- based payments:
| Periods |
Opening
balance |
Stock
option plan |
Closing
balance |
|||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2021 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
These reserves are related to share based payment plans that expired during the first quarter of 2023.
No
equity instruments were issued and
no
amounts were paid associated with these plans.
(g)
Other sundry reserves
Movement of Other sundry reserves:
| Periods |
Opening
balance |
Transactions with
non-controlling interest |
Legal
reserves |
Other sundry
reserves |
Others increases (Decreases) (5) |
Closing
balance |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2021 |
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2023 |
(
|
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance of Other sundry reserves comprise the following:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2021 |
|||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Higher value for TAM S.A. share exchange (1) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Reserve for the adjustment to the value of fixed assets (2) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Transactions with non-controlling interest (3) |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Adjustment to the fair value of the New Convertible Notes (4) |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Cost of issuing shares and New Convertible Notes (5) |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Others |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
(1)
Corresponds to the difference between the value of the shares of TAM S.A., acquired by Sister Holdco S.A. (under the Subscriptions) and by Holdco II S.A. (by virtue of the Exchange Offer), which is recorded in the declaration of completion of the merger by absorption, and the fair value of the shares exchanged by LATAM Airlines Group S.A. as of June 22, 2012.
F-98
(2)
Corresponds to the technical revaluation of the fixed assets authorized by the Commission for the Financial Market in the year 1979, in Circular No. 1529. The revaluation was optional and could be made only once; the originated reserve is not distributable and can only be capitalized.
(3)
The balance as of December 31, 2022 corresponds to the loss generated by: Lan Pax Group S.A. e Inversiones Lan S.A. in the acquisition of shares of Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A. for ThUS$ (
3,480
) and ThUS$ (
20
), respectively; the acquisition of TAM S.A. of the minority interest in Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. for ThUS$ (
885
), the acquisition of Inversiones Lan S.A. of the minority participation in Aerovías de Integración S.A. Aires S.A. for an amount of ThUS$ (
2
) and the acquisition of a minority stake in Aerolane S.A. by Lan Pax Group S.A. for an amount of ThUS$ (
21,526
) through Holdco Ecuador S.A. (3) The loss due to the acquisition of the minority interest of Multiplus S.A. for ThUS$(
184,135
) (see Note 1), (4) and the acquisition of a minority interest in LATAM Airlines Perú S.A. through LATAM Airlines Group S.A for an amount of ThUS$(
3,225
) and acquisition of the minority stake in LAN Argentina S.A. and Inversora Cordillera through Transportes Aéreos del Mercosur S.A. for an amount of ThUS$(
3,383
). The movements during 2023 was the following: (5) acquisition of the non-controlling interest of Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A.
for an amount of ThUS$(
23
) and (6) amendment of articles in the legal statutes of association related to premiums for the issuance of shares in the subsidiaries Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. Aires S.A. for a total amount of ThUS$
5,097
.
(4)
The adjustment to the fair value of the Convertible Notes delivered in exchange for settlement of Chapter 11 claims was valued considering the discount that each group of liabilities settled on at the emergence date. These relate to: gain on the haircut for the accounts payable and other accounts payable ThUS$
2,564,707
(ThUS$
2,550,306
as of December 31, 2022), gain on the haircut for the financial liabilities for ThUS$
420,436
and gain on the haircut of lease liabilities which is booked against the right of use asset for THUS$
639,728
as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(5)
Corresponds to
20
% of the sum of the commitment of new funds of the Backstop Parties under the Series I Convertible Bonds and the New Paid Shares, plus additional costs for extension of the Backstop agreement. At the Company's Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting held on April 20, 2023, it was agreed to deduct from the paid-in capital of the Company the account "Costs of issuance and placement of shares and bonds convertible into shares", for the sum of ThUS$
810,279
.
(h)
Reserves with effect in other comprehensive income.
F-99
Movement of Reserves with effect in other comprehensive income:
|
Currency
translation reserve |
Cash flow
hedging reserve |
Gains (Losses)
on change on value of time value of options |
Actuarial gain
or loss on defined benefit plans reserve |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2021 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of hedging instrument recognized in OCI |
|
|
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassified from OCI to profit or loss |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial reserves by employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax actuarial IAS by employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation difference subsidiaries |
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2021 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2022 |
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of hedging instrument recognized in OCI |
|
|
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassified from OCI to profit or loss |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassified from OCI to the value of the hedged asset |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial reserves by employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax actuarial IAS by employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation difference subsidiaries |
(
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2022 |
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2023 |
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of hedging instrument recognized in OCI |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassified from OCI to profit or loss |
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassified from OCI to the value of the hedged asset |
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial reserves by employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax actuarial IAS by employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation difference subsidiaries |
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2023 |
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-100
(h.1)
Cumulative translate difference
These are originated from exchange differences arising from the translation of any investment in foreign entities (or Chilean investments with a functional currency different to that of the parent), and from loans and other instruments in foreign currency designated as hedges for such investments. When the investment (all or part) is sold or disposed and a loss of control occurs, these reserves are shown in the consolidated statement of income as part of the loss or gain on the sale or disposal. If the sale does not involve loss of control, these reserves are transferred to non-controlling interests
(h.2)
Cash flow hedging reserve
These are originated from the fair value valuation at the end of each period of the outstanding derivative contracts that have been defined as cash flow hedges. When these contracts expire, these reserves should be adjusted, and the corresponding results recognized.
(h.3)
Reserves of actuarial gains or losses on defined benefit plans
Correspond to the increase or decrease in the present value obligation for defined benefit plans due to changes in actuarial assumptions, and experience adjustments, which are the effects of differences between the previous actuarial assumptions and the actual events that have occurred.
(i)
Retained earnings/(losses)
Movement of Retained earnings/(losses):
| Periods |
Opening
balance |
Result
for the period |
Dividends | Others increase (decreases) (1) |
Closing
balance |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2021 |
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2022 |
(
|
|
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| From January 1 to December 31, 2023 |
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) The detail of Other increases (decreases) is as follows:
| ThUS$ | ||||||||
| Absorption accumulated losses (*) |
|
|||||||
| Out of Period Adjustment (**) |
|
|||||||
| Total |
|
|||||||
(*) See letter a) under this same Note.
(**) Out of Period Adjustment
On April 30, 2020, LATAM's Shareholders approved the distribution of a dividend in the amount of ThUS$
57,129
to be paid on May 28, 2020. On May 26, 2020, LATAM entered Chapter 11 proceedings which granted an automatic stay prohibiting the Company from making dividend payments. At that time it was not clear when this dividend would be paid. On November 3, 2022, upon emergence from Chapter 11 it was clear this dividend would not be paid, however, it was not derecognized from liabilities and transferred to retained earnings at that time. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company corrected this matter and recorded an out of period adjustment to derecognized the dividend payable resulting in an increase of ThUS$
57,129
to retained earnings and a decrease in Trade and other accounts payable in the same amount.
F-101
Management has evaluated the impact of this out-of-period adjustment and concluded that it is not material to the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, or to any previously reported quarter, semester or annual financial statements.
(j)
Dividends per share
| Description of dividend | Minimum mandatory dividend 2023 | Minimum mandatory dividend 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Amount of the dividend (ThUS$)(*) |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Number of shares among which the dividend is distributed |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Dividend per share (US$) |
|
|
||||||||||||
(*) It Corresponds to mandatory minimum dividend provision charged to the net income for the year 2023, As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, the Board of Directors has not yet approved a proposal for payment..
NOTE 25 -
REVENUE
The detail of revenues is as follows:
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Passengers |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Cargo |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
F-102
NOTE 26 -
COSTS AND EXPENSES BY NATURE
(a)
Costs and operating expenses
The main operating costs and administrative expenses are detailed below:
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Aircraft fuel |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Other rentals and landing fees |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Aircraft maintenance |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Aircraft rental (*) |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Commissions |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Passenger services |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
(*)
During December 31, 2022, the Company amended its Aircraft Lease Contracts to include lease payments based on Power by the Hour (PBH) at the beginning of the contract and fixed-rent payments later on. For these contracts that contain an initial period based on PBH and then a fixed amount, a right of use asset and a lease liability was recognized at the date of modification of the contract. These amounts continue to be amortized over the contract term on a straight-line basis starting from the modification date of the contract. Therefore, as a result of the application of the lease accounting policy, the expenses for the year include both the lease expense for variable payments (Aircraft Rentals) as well as the expenses resulting from the amortization of the right of use assets (included in the Depreciation line included in b) below) and interest from the lease liability (included in Lease Liabilities letter c) below)
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Payments for leases of low-value assets |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
(b)
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization are detailed below:
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation (*) |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Amortization |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
(*)
Included within this amount is the depreciation of the Property, plant and equipment (See Note 16 (a)) and the maintenance of the aircraft recognized as right of use assets. The maintenance cost amount included in the depreciation line for the period ended December 31, 2023 is ThUS$
565,384
(ThUS$
463,306
for the same period in December 31, 2022 and ThUS$ $
351,701
in December 31, 2021).
F-103
(c)
Financial costs
The detail of financial costs is as follows:
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Bank loan interests |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Financial leases |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Other financial instruments |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
Costs and expenses by nature presented in this note plus the Employee expenses disclosed in Note 22, are equivalent to the sum of cost of sales, distribution costs, administrative expenses, other expenses and financing costs presented in the consolidated statement of income by function.
(d)
Gains (losses) from restructuring activities
Gains (losses) from restructuring activities are detailed below:
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Renegotiation of fleet contracts |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Legal advice |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Employee restructuring plan |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Rejection of fleet contracts |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Rejection of IT contracts |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Adjustment net realizable value fleet available for sale |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Gains resulting from the settlement of Chapter 11 claims (*) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Others |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
(*)
See Note 24 (g)
The Company did not recorded gains/(losses) restructuring activities during 2023.
F-104
(e)
Financial income
Financial income is detailed below:
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Financial claims (*) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Gains resulting from the settlement of Chapter 11 claims (**) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Finance lease rate change effect |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other miscellaneous income |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
(*)
See Note 34 (a.4.)
(**)
See Note 24 (g)
(f)
Other gains (losses)
Other gains (losses) are detailed below:
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Provision for onerous contract related to purchase commitment |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Adjustment net realizable value fleet available for sale |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
F-105
NOTE 27 -
OTHER INCOME, BY FUNCTION
Other income, by function is as follows:
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Tours |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Aircraft leasing |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Customs and warehousing |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Maintenance |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Income from non-airlines products LATAM Pass |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other miscellaneous income (*) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
(*)
Included within this amount ThUS$
30,408
in December 31, 2022 and ThUS$
118,188
in December 31, 2021 related to the compensation of Delta Air Lines Inc. for the JBA signed during 2019.
NOTE 28 -
FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE RATE DIFFERENCES
The functional currency of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. is the US dollar, LATAM has subsidiaries whose functional currency is different to the US dollar, such as the chilean peso, argentine peso, colombian peso, brazilian real and guaraní.
The functional currency is defined as the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates. For each entity and all other currencies are defined as a foreign currency.
Considering the above, the balances by currency mentioned in this note correspond to the sum of foreign currency of each of the entities that are part of the LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries.
Following are the current exchange rates for the US dollar, on the dates indicated:
| As of December 31, | As of December 31, | As of December 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Australian dollar |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Boliviano |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Mexican peso |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| New Zealand dollar |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Peruvian Sol |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Paraguayan Guarani |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Uruguayan peso |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
F-106
Foreign currency
The foreign currency detail of balances of monetary items in current and non-current assets is as follows:
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other financial assets, current |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other non - financial assets, current |
|
|
|||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
| Trade and other accounts receivable, current |
|
|
|||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
F-107
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable from related entities, current |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Tax current assets |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Peruvian sun |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total current assets |
|
|
|||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. Dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
F-108
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Non-current assets | |||||||||||
| Other financial assets, non-current |
|
|
|||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other non - financial assets, non-current |
|
|
|||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
| Accounts receivable, non-current |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Deferred tax assets |
|
|
|||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total non-current assets |
|
|
|||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
F-109
The foreign currency detail of balances of monetary items in current liabilities and non-current is as follows:
| Up to 90 days | 91 days to 1 year | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial liabilities, current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Trade and other accounts payables, current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Peruvian sol |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Mexican peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Pound sterling |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Uruguayan peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable to related entities, current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other provisions, current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
F-110
| Up to 90 days | 91 days to 1 year | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-financial liabilities, current |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
F-111
| More than 1 to 3 years | More than 3 to 5 years | More than 5 years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financial liabilities, non-current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, non-current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other provisions, non-current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provisions for employees benefits, non-current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-112
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| General summary of foreign currency: | |||||||||||
| Total assets |
|
|
|||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total liabilities |
|
|
|||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Brazilian real |
|
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
|
|||||||||
| Net position | |||||||||||
| Argentine peso |
|
(
|
|||||||||
| Brazilian real |
(
|
(
|
|||||||||
| Chilean peso |
(
|
(
|
|||||||||
| Colombian peso |
|
|
|||||||||
| Euro |
|
|
|||||||||
| U.S. dollar |
(
|
|
|||||||||
| Other currency |
|
(
|
|||||||||
F-113
NOTE 29 –
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per share | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) attributable to owners of the parent (ThUS$) |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares, basic |
|
(*) |
|
(*) |
|
||||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per share (US$) |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| For the year ended at December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) attributable to owners of the parent (ThUS$) |
|
|
(***) |
(
|
||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares, diluted |
|
(**) |
|
(**) |
|
|||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share (US$) |
|
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||
(*)
As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average number of shares considers
604,437,584,048
shares outstanding from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023. From January 10, 2023 to December 31, 2023, the number of shares outstanding increased due to the partial conversion of the Convertible Note H (See movement of shares in Note 24).As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average number of shares considers
606,407,693
shares outstanding from January 1, 2022 until November 2, 2022. From November 3, 2022 until December 31, 2022 the number of shares outstanding increases due to the equity rights offering and then increases daily as the holders of the convertible notes convert them into shares (See movement of shares in Note 24).
(**)
As of December 31, 2023, the number of weighted diluted shares considers
604,437,584,048
shares from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023. From January 10, 2023 to December 31, 2023, the number of shares outstanding increased due to the partial conversion of the Convertibles Notes (See movement of shares in Note 24) and
3,911,748
shares outstanding from January 1, 2023 until December 31, 2023, assuming the full conversion of the Convertibles Notes that were issued on the date of exit from Chapter 11 (See movement of shares in Note 24). As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average number of fully diluted shares considers
606,407,693
shares outstanding from January 1, 2022 until November 2, 2022, and
605,801,285,307
shares outstanding from November 3, 2022 until December 31, 2022 which includes the equity rights offering and assumes the conversion of all Convertibles Notes that were issued upon emergence from Chapter 11 (See movement of shares in Note 24).
(***) Income (Loss) attributable to owners of equity instruments of the parent company is unchanged when calculating diluted EPS because only Convertible Note H accrued interest. However, this Note was converted into shares immediately after issuance and therefore did not accrue interest during the year.
F-114
NOTE 30 –
CONTINGENCIES
I. Lawsuits
1)
Lawsuits filed by LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LATAM Finance Limited | Grand Court of the Cayman Islands | - | Request for a provisional bankruptcy process. |
On May 26, 2020, LATAM Finance Limited submitted a request for a provisional liquidation in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, covered in the reorganization proceeding filed before the Bankruptcy Court of the United States of America, which was accepted on May 27, 2020 by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. On September 28, 2020, LATAM Finance Limited filed a petition to suspend the liquidation. On October 9, 2020, the Grand Court of Cayman Islands accepted the petition and extended the status of temporary liquidation for a period of
|
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-115
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Peuco Finance Limited | Grand Court of the Cayman Islands | - | Request for a provisional bankruptcy process. |
On May 26,2020, Peuco Finance Limited submitted a request for a provisional liquidation in Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, covered in the reorganization proceeding filed before the Bankruptcy Court of the United States of America, which was accepted on May 27, 2020 by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. On September 28, 2020, Peuco Finance Limited filed a petition to suspend the liquidation. On October 9, 2020, the Grand Court of Cayman Islands accepted the petition and extended the status of temporary liquidation for a period of
|
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Piquero Leasing Limited | Grand Court of the Cayman Islands | - | Request for a provisional bankruptcy process. |
On July 08, 2020, Piquero Leasing Limited submitted a request for a provisional liquidation in Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, covered in the reorganization proceeding filed before the Bankruptcy Court of the United States of America, which was accepted on July 10, 2020, by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. Piquero Leasing Limited entered a motion to suspend the liquidation on September 28, 2020. On October 9, 2020 the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands granted the motion and extended the provisional liquidation status for
|
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-116
2) Lawsuits received by LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries.
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LATAM Airlines Group S.A. y Lan Cargo S.A. | Comisión Europea | – |
Investigation of alleged infringements to free competition of cargo airlines, especially fuel surcharge. On December 26th, 2007, the General Directorate for Competition of the European Commission notified Lan Cargo S.A. and LATAM Airlines Group S.A. the instruction process against
|
On April 14th, 2008, the notification of the European Commission was replied. The appeal was filed on January 24, 2011.
On May 11, 2015, we attended a hearing at which we petitioned for the vacation of the Decision based on discrepancies in the Decision between the operating section, which mentions
On November 9th, 2010, the General Directorate for Competition of the European Commission notified Lan Cargo S.A. and LATAM Airlines Group S.A. the imposition of a fine in the amount of ThUS$
This fine is being appealed by Lan Cargo S.A. and LATAM Airlines Group S.A. On December 16, 2015, the European Court of Justice revoked the Commission’s decision because of discrepancies. The European Commission did not appeal the decision, but presented a new
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-117
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lan Cargo S.A. y LATAM Airlines Group S.A. | In the Ovre Romerike Disrtict Court (Noruega) y Directie Juridische Zaken Afdeling Ceveil Recht (Países Bajos) | — | Lawsuits filed against European airlines by users of freight services in private lawsuits as a result of the investigation into alleged breaches of competition of cargo airlines, especially fuel surcharge. Lan Cargo S.A. and LATAM Airlines Group S.A., have been sued in court proceedings directly and/or in third party, based in England, Norway, the Netherlands and Germany, these claims were filed in England, Norway, the Netherlands and Germany, but are only ongoing in Norway and the Netherlands. |
The
|
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. | Justicia Federal. | 0008285-53.2015.403.6105 | An action seeking to quash a decision and petitioning for early protection in order to obtain a revocation of the penalty imposed by the Brazilian Competition Authority (CADE) in the investigation of cargo airlines alleged fair trade violations, in particular the fuel surcharge. |
This action was filed by presenting a guaranty – policy – in order to suspend the effects of the CADE’s decision regarding the payment of the following fines: (i) ABSA:ThUS$
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-118
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. | Justicia Federal. | 0001872-58.2014.4.03.6105 | An annulment action with a motion for preliminary injunction, was filed on 28/02/2014, in order to cancel tax debts of PIS, CONFINS, IPI and II, connected with the administrative process 10831.005704/2006-43 |
The statement was authenticated on January 29, 2016. A new insurance policy was submitted on March 30, 2016 with the change to the guarantee requested by PGFN. On 05/20/2016 the process was sent to PGFN, which was manifested on 06/03/2016. The Decision denied the company's request in the lawsuit. The court (TRF3) made a decision to eliminate part of the debt and keep the other part (already owed by the Company, but which it has to pay only at the end of the process: ThUS$
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tam Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Tribunal Regional Federal da 2a Região. | 2001.51.01.012530-0 (vinculado a este proceso los Pas 19515.721154/2014-71, 19515.002963/2009-12) | Ordinary judicial action brought for the purpose of declaring the nonexistence of legal relationship obligating the company to collect the Air Fund. |
Unfavorable court decision in first instance. Currently expecting the ruling on the appeal filed by the company.In order to suspend chargeability of Tax Credit a Guaranty Deposit to the Court was delivered for R$
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tam Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil. | 10880.725950/2011-05 | Ordinary judicial action brought for the purpose of declaring the nonexistence of legal relationship obligating the company to collect the Air Fund. | The objection (manifestação de inconformidade) filed by the company was rejected, which is why the voluntary appeal was filed. The case was assigned to the 1st Ordinary Group of Brazil’s Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (CARF) on June 8, 2015. TAM’s appeal was included in the CARF session held August 25, 2016. An agreement that converted the proceedings into a formal case was published on October 7, 2016. The company has received the results of the due diligence and presented a claim. We must wait for an administrative decision. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-119
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tam Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil. | 10880.722.355/2014-52 | On August 19th, 2014 the Federal Tax Service issued a notice of violation stating that compensation credits Program (PIS) and the Contribution for the Financing of Social Security COFINS by TAM are not directly related to the activity of air transport. | An objection was filed administratively on September 17, 2014. The lower court rendered a partially favorable ruling on June 1, 2016 that reversed the previous separate fine. A voluntary remedy was filed on June 30, 2015 on which a judgment by the Board of Tax Appeals is pending. The case was sent to the Second Panel of the Fourth Room of the Third Judgment Section of the Board of Tax Appeals (abbreviated as CARF in Portuguese). The CARF judges partially sustained the company’s appeal to pay part of the debt (we did not appeal the other part). The Ministry of Finance of Brazil filed a special remedy. The CARF dismissed the Ministry’s remedy in September 2019, but it filed a complaint that was denied by the CARF. The final calculations by the Federal Internal Revenue Service are pending. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-120
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LATAM Airlines Group S.A. | 22° Juzgado Civil de Santiago | C-29.945-2016 | The Company received notice of a civil liability claim by Inversiones Ranco Tres S.A. on January 18, 2017. It is represented by Mr. Jorge Enrique Said Yarur. It was filed against LATAM Airlines Group S.A. for an alleged contractual default by the Company and against Ramon Eblen Kadiz, Jorge Awad Mehech, Juan Jose Cueto Plaza, Enrique Cueto Plaza and Ignacio Cueto Plaza, directors and officers, for alleged breaches of their duties. In the case of Juan Jose Cueto Plaza, Enrique Cueto Plaza and Ignacio Cueto Plaza, it alleges a breach, as controllers of the Company, of their duties under the incorporation agreement. LATAM has retained legal counsel specializing in this area to defend it. | The claim was answered on March 22, 2017 and the plaintiff filed its replication on April 4, 2017. LATAM filed its rejoinder on April 13, 2017, which concluded the argument stage of the lawsuit. A reconciliation hearing was held on May 2, 2017, but the parties did not reach an agreement. The Court issued the evidentiary decree on May 12, 2017. We filed a petition for reconsideration because we disagreed with certain points of evidence. That petition was partially sustained by the Court on June 27, 2017. The evidentiary stage commenced and then concluded on July 20, 2017. Observations to the evidence must now be presented. That period expires August 1, 2017. We filed our observations to the evidence on August 1, 2017. We were served the decision on December 13, 2017 that dismissed the claim since LATAM was in no way liable. The plaintiff filed an appeal on December 26, 2017. Arguments were pled before the Santiago Court of Appeals on April 23, 2019, and on April 30, 2019, this Court confirmed the ruling of the trial court absolving LATAM. The losing party was ordered to pay costs in both cases. On May 18, 2019, Inversiones Ranco Tres S.A. filed a remedy of vacation of judgment based on technicalities and on substance against the Appellate Court decision. The Appellate Court admitted both appeals on May 29, 2019. On August 11, 2021 Inversiones Ranco Tres S.A. requested the suspension of the hearing of the Appeal, after the recognition by the 2nd Civil Court of Santiago of the foreign reorganization procedure in accordance with Law No. 20,720, for the entire period that said procedure lasts, a request that was accepted by the Supreme Court. In December 2022 LATAM requested the end of the suspension, which was granted on February 17, 2023. Arguments were presented to the Supreme Court on April 27, 2023. On August 4, 2023, the Supreme Court dismissed the remedies of vacation of judgment based on substance and form filed by Inversiones Ranco Tres S.A.. The resolution rejecting the claim remains firm and enforceable. The assessment of personal and procedural costs in favor of LATAM was carried out by both the Court of Appeals and the Court of First Instance. |
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | 10 ª Vara das Execuções Fiscais Federais de São Paulo | 0061196-68.2016.4.03.6182 | Tax Enforcement Lien No. 0020869-47.2017.4.03.6182 on Profit-Based Social Contributions from 2004 to 2007. | This tax enforcement was referred to the 10th Federal Jurisdiction on February 16, 2017. A petition reporting our request to submit collateral was recorded on April 18, 2017. At this time, the period is pending for the plaintiff to respond to our petition. The bond was replaced. The evidentiary stage has begun. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-121
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Secretaría de Receita Federal | 5002912.29.2019.4.03.6100 | A lawsuit disputing the debit in the administrative proceeding 16643.000085/2009-47, reported in previous notes, consisting of a notice demanding recovery of the Income and Social Assessment Tax on the net profit (SCL) resulting from the itemization of royalties and use of the TAM trademark | The lawsuit was assigned on February 28, 2019. A decision was rendered on March 1, 2019 stating that no guarantee was required. On 04/06/2020 TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. had a favorable decision (sentence). The National Treasury can appeal. Today, we await the final decision. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Delegacía de Receita Federal | 10611.720852/2016-58 | An improper charge of the Contribution for the Financing of Social Security (COFINS) on an import | There is no predictable decision date because it depends on the court of the government agency. On June 29, 2023, the company decided to propose a composition to the National Treasurer on payment of the debt, but with the legal deductions stipulated in Law 246/2022. We are awaiting a response from the authority. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Delegacía de Receita Federal | 16692.721.933/2017-80 | The Internal Revenue Service of Brazil issued a notice of violation because TAM applied for credits offsetting the contributions for the Social Integration Program (PIS) and the Social Security Funding Contribution (COFINS) that do not bear a direct relationship to air transport (Referring to 2012). | An administrative defense was presented on May 29, 2018. The process has become a judicial proceeding. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-122
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SNEA (Sindicato Nacional das empresas aeroviárias) | União Federal | 0012177-54.2016.4.01.3400 |
A claim against the
|
A decision is now pending on the appeal presented by SNEA. On January 30th, 2024, SNEA obtained a favorable court decision from the 2nd Instance (TRF1), regarding its appeal. The SNEA awaits the publication of the decision to assess the viability of possible appeals. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | União Federal | 2001.51.01.020420-0 | TAM and other airlines filed a recourse claim seeking a finding that there is no legal or tax basis to be released from collecting the Additional Airport Fee (“ATAERO”). | A decision by the superior court is pending. The amount is indeterminate because even though TAM is the plaintiff, if the ruling is against it, it could be ordered to pay a fee. |
-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal do Brasil | 19515-720.823/2018-11 | An administrative claim to collect alleged differences in SAT payments for the periods 11/2013 to 12/2017. | A defense was presented on November 28, 2018. The Court dismissed the Company’s appeal in August 2019. Then on September 17, 2019, Company filed a voluntary appeal (CRSF (Administrative Tax Appeals Board)) that is pending a decision. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.938832/2013-19 | The decision denied the reallocation petition and did not equate the Social Security Tax (COFINS) credit declarations for the second quarter of 2011, which were determined to be in the non-cumulative system | An administrative defense was argued on March 19, 2019. The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal to the Brazilian Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.938834/2013-16 | The decision denied the reallocation petition and did not equate the Social Security Tax (COFINS) credit declarations for the third quarter of 2011, which were determined to be in the non-cumulative system. | An administrative defense was argued on March 19, 2019. The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal to the Brazilian Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-123
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.938837/2013-41 | The decision denied the reallocation petition and did not equate the Social Security Tax (COFINS) credit declarations for the fourth quarter of 2011, which were determined to be in the non-cumulative system. | An administrative defense was argued on March 19, 2019. The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal to the Brazilian Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.938838/2013-96 | The decision denied the reallocation petition and did not equate the Social Security Tax (COFINS) credit declarations for the first quarter of 2012, which were determined to be in the non-cumulative system. | We presented our administrative defense. The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal to the Brazilian Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
|
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| LATAM Airlines Group Argentina, Brasil, Perú, Ecuador, y TAM Mercosur. | Juzgado de 1° Instancia en lo Civil y Comercial Federal N° 11 de la ciudad de Buenos Aires | 1408/2017 |
Consumidores Libres Coop. Ltda. filed this claim on March 14, 2017 regarding a provision of services. It petitioned for the reimbursement of certain fees or the difference in fees charged for passengers who purchased a ticket in the last
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Federal Commercial and Civil Trial Court No. 11 in the city of Buenos Aires. After
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10.880.938842/2013-54 | The decision denied the petition for reassignment and did not equate the COFINS credit statements for the third quarter of 2012 that had been determined to be in the non-accumulative system. | We presented our administrative defense. The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal to the Brazilian Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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F-124
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10.880.938844/2013-43 | The decision denied the petition for reassignment and did not equate the COFINS credit statements for the third quarter of 2012 that had been determined to be in the non-accumulative system. | We presented our administrative defense. The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.938841/2013-18 | The decision denied the petition for reassignment and did not equate the COFINS credit statements for the second quarter of 2012 that had been determined to be in the non-accumulative system. | We presented our administrative defense. The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10840.727719/2019-71 | Collection of PIS / COFINS tax for the period of 2014. | We presented our administrative defense on January 11, 2020. The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| Latam-Airlines Ecuador S.A. | Tribunal Distrital de lo Fiscal | 17509-2014-0088 | An audit of the 2006 Income Tax Return that disallowed fuel expenses, fees and other items because the necessary support was not provided, according to Management. |
On August 6, 2018, the District Tax Claims Court rendered a decision denying the request for a refund of a mistaken payment. An appeal seeking vacation of this judgment by the Court was filed on September 5th and we are awaiting a decision by the Appellate judges. As of December 31, 2018, the attorneys believed that the probability of recovering this sum had fallen to
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F-125
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.910559/2017-91 | Compensation non equate by Cofins | It is about the non-approved compensation of Cofins. Administrative defense submitted (Manifestação de Inconformidade). The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.910547/2017-67 | Compensation non equate by Cofins | We presented our administrative defense (Manifestação de Inconformidade). The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.910553/2017-14 | Compensation non equate by Cofins | We presented our administrative defense (Manifestação de Inconformidade). The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.910555/2017-11 | Compensation non equate by Cofins | We presented our administrative defense (Manifestação de Inconformidade). The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.910560/2017-16 | Compensation non equate by Cofins | We presented our administrative defense (Manifestação de Inconformidade). The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.910550/2017-81 | Compensation non equate by Cofins | We presented our administrative defense (Manifestação de Inconformidade). The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.910549/2017-56 | Compensation non equate by Cofins | We presented our administrative defense (Manifestação de Inconformidade). The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 10880.910557/2017-01 | Compensation non equate by Cofins | We presented our administrative defense (Manifestação de Inconformidade). The Court dismissed the Company’s defense in December 2020. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | Receita Federal do Brasil | 10840.722712/2020-05 | Administrative trial that deals with the collection of PIS/Cofins proportionality (fiscal year 2015). | We presented our administrative defense (Manifestação de Inconformidade). A decision is pending. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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F-126
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal do Brasil | 10880.978948/2019-86 | It is about the non-approved compensation/reimbursement of Cofins for the 4th Quarter of 2015. | TAM filed its administrative defense on July 14, 2020. A decision is pending. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal do Brasil | 10880.978946/2019-97 | It is about the non-approved compensation/reimbursement of Cofins for the 3th Quarter of 2015 | TAM filed its administrative defense on July 14, 2020. A decision is pending. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. | Receita Federal do Brasil | 10880.978944/2019-06 | It is about the non-approved compensation/reimbursement of Cofins for the 2th Quarter of 2015 | TAM filed its administrative defense on July 14, 2020. A decision is pending. The Company filed a voluntary appeal (CARF) that is pending a decision. |
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| Latam Airlines Group S.A | 23° Juzgado Civil de Santiago | C-8498-2020 | Class Action Lawsuit filed by the National Corporation of Consumers and Users (CONADECUS) against LATAM Airlines Group S.A. for alleged breaches of the Law on Protection of Consumer Rights due to flight cancellations caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic, requesting the nullity of possible abusive clauses, the imposition of fines and compensation for damages in defense of the collective interest of consumers. LATAM has hired specialist lawyers to undertake its defense. | On 06/25/2020 we were notified of the lawsuit. On 04/07/2020 we filed a motion for reversal against the ruling that declared the action filed by CONADECUS admissible, the decision is pending to date. On 07/11/2020 we requested the Court to comply with the suspension of this case, ruled by the 2nd Civil Court of Santiago, in recognition of the foreign reorganization procedure pursuant to Law No. 20,720, for the entire period that said proceeding lasts, a request that was accepted by the Court. CONADECUS filed a remedy of reconsideration and an appeal against this resolution should the remedy of reconsideration be dismissed. The Court dismissed the reconsideration on August 3, 2020, but admitted the appeal. On March 1, 2023, the Court of Appeals resolved to omit the hearing of the case and pronouncement regarding the appeal, in view of the fact that in January 2023 LATAM's request the end of the suspension of the process that was decreed by resolution of July 17, 2020 in case file C-8498-2020 of the 23rd Civil Court of Santiago, for which the file was sent to the first instance to continue processing. On November 24, 2023, the Court dismissed LATAM’S motion for reversal against the ruling that declared the action filed by CONADECUS admissible. Accordingly, on December 4, 2023, LATAM filed the statement of defense. The amount at the moment is undetermined. |
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F-127
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latam Airlines Group S.A. | 25° Juzgado Civil de Santiago | C-8903-2020 | Class Action Lawsuit filed by AGRECU against LATAM Airlines Group S.A. for alleged breaches of the Law on Protection of Consumer Rights due to flight cancellations caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic, requesting the nullity of possible abusive clauses, the imposition of fines and compensation for damages in defense of the collective interest of consumers. LATAM has hired specialist lawyers to undertake its defense. | On July 7, 2020 we were notified of the lawsuit. We filed our answer to the claim on August 21, 2020. A settlement was reached with AGRECU at that hearing that was approved by the Court on October 5, 2020. On October 7, 2020, the 25th Civil Court confirmed that the decision approving the settlement was final and binding. CONADECUS filed a brief on October 4, 2020 to become a party and oppose the agreement, which was dismissed on October 5, 2020. It petitioned for an official correction on October 8, 2020 and the annulment of all proceedings on October 22, 2020, which were dismissed, costs payable by CONADECUS, on November 16, 2020 and November 20, 2020, respectively. LATAM presented reports on the implementation of the agreement on May 19, 2021, November 19, 2021 and May 19, 2022, which concluded its obligation to report on that implementation. On December 28, 2022 the Civil Court ordered the filing of the file. The National Consumer and User Association (CONADECUS) filed appeals against these decisions with the Santiago Appellate Court that were joined under Case #14,213-2020. Arguments were made on March 8, 2023. In a decision on August 8, 2023, the Appellate Court dismissed the appeals by CONADECUS, costs included. On August 26, 2023, CONADECUS filed a petition based on technicalities and substance against the Appellate Court ruling in order to have it reversed by the Supreme Court. LATAM petitioned that such appeals be declared inadmissible in a brief filed September 13, 2023. On November 30, 2023, the Supreme Court declared CONADECUS’ petition inadmissible. On December 7, 2023, LATAM requested the Appellate Court to determine the costs of the procedure which must be borne by CONADECUS. CONADECUS currently has no petitions against the settlement reached between LATAM and AGRECU. The amount at the moment is undetermined. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | Receita Federal de Brasil | 13074.726429/2021-41 | It is about the non-approved compensation/reimbursement of Cofins for the periods 07/2016 to 06/2017. | TAM filed its administrative defense. (Manifestação de Inconformidade). A decision is pending |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Receita Federal de Brasil | 2007.34.00.009919-3(0009850-54.2007.4.01.3400) | A lawsuit seeking to review the incidence of the Social Security Contribution taxed on 1/3 of vacations, maternity payments and medical leave for accident. | A decision is pending |
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F-128
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Tribunal del Trabajo de Brasília/DF | 0000038-25.2021.5.10.0017 | This civil suit was filed by the National Pilots Union seeking that the company be ordered to pay for meals daily when pilots are on alert status. | The hearing is scheduled for April 15, 2024. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | UNIÃO FEDERAL | 0052711-85.1998.4.01.0000 | An indemnity claim to collect a differentiated price from the Federal Union because of the disruption of the economic equilibrium in the concession agreements between 1988 and 1992. The indemnity, should the action prosper, cannot be estimated (Price Freeze). | The lawsuit began in 1993. In 1998, there was a decision favorable to TAM. The process reached the Court, and in 2019, the decision was against TAM. The company has appealed and a decision is pending. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | Tribunal do Trabajo de São Paulo | 1000115-90.2022.5.02.0312 | A class action whereby the Air Transport Union is petitioning for payment of additional hazardous and unhealthy work retroactively and in the future for maintenance/CML employees. | The instruction hearing is pending in this case, scheduled for 12:02 p.m. on April 25, 2024 |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | Receita Federal | 15746.728063/2022-00 | This is an administrative claim regarding alleged irregularities in the payment of Technical Assistance (SAT) in 2018. | The administrative defense has been presented and a decision is pending. |
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F-129
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | União Federal | 1003320-78.2023.4.06.3800 | Legal action to discuss the debit of the administrative process 10611.720630/2017-16 (fine for violation of incorrect registration in DI- import declaration) | Distributed on January 19, 2023. The company obtained a precautionary measure suspending the collection without the need for a guarantee. Process awaiting response from the National Treasury |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | União Federal | 12585.720017/2012-84 | This is a petition to recover a credit (proportional) in the 3rd quarter of 2010 under the Social Security Financing Contribution program (abbreviated as COFINS in Portuguese). | An administrative defense was presented but was dismissed. The company filed a voluntary remedy before CARF that was also dismissed. A decision on the special remedy is now pending. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | União Federal | 10880-982.487/2020-80 | This is a petition to recover a credit (proportional) in the 4rd quarter of 2016 under the Social Security Financing Contribution program (abbreviated as COFINS in Portuguese) | An administrative defense was presented but was dismissed. The company filed a voluntary remedy before CARF. A decision on the special remedy is now pending. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | União Federal | 10880-967.530/2022-49 | This is a petition to recover a credit (proportional) in the 1rd quarter of 2018 under the Social Security Financing Contribution program (abbreviated as COFINS in Portuguese). | An administrative defense was presented. A decision is pending. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | União Federal | 10880-967.532/2022-38 | This is a petition to recover a credit (proportional) in the 2rd quarter of 2018 under the Social Security Financing Contribution program (abbreviated as COFINS in Portuguese). | An administrative defense was presented and a decision is pending. |
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F-130
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | União Federal | 10880-967.533/2022-82 | This is a petition to recover a credit (proportional) in the 4rd quarter of 2018 under the Social Security Financing Contribution program (abbreviated as COFINS in Portuguese). | An administrative defense was presented and a decision is pending. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | União Federal | 19613.725650/2023-86 | A Notice of Violation prepared in the petition by the Social Integration Program (abbreviated as PIS in Portuguese) and by COFINS on taxable events allegedly occurring between May 2018 and December 2018. | An administrative defense was presented and a decision is pending. |
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| LATAM Airlines Group S.A. | Tribunal de Defensa de la Libre Competencia | 445-2022 | On May 21, 2022, Agunsa filed a petition to TDLC for a preliminary preparatory measure of exhibition of documents in respect of Aerosan, Depocargo, Sociedad Concesionaria Nuevo Pudahuel and Fast Air in which Agunsa claimed that it was impacted by alleged anti-competition practices on the import cargo warehousing market at the Arturo Merino Benitez International Airport. |
Fast Air was served on June 9, 2022 and on June 13, 2022, it lodged opposition against this petition, which was partially sustained by the Antitrust Court (TDLC) on July 19, 2022, in which the new exhibition date was set as August 22nd (the original date set by the court was July 1, 2022). On July 25, 2022, Fast Air requested a reconsideration of this latter court decision and petitioned that the temporary scope of the exhibition be reduced. Fast Air’s petition was sustained and the scope of the documents to be revealed was limited even further. On August 12th, Fast Air petitioned that a new date and time be set for the exhibition hearing. The court granted this latter request on August 17th and set the exhibition date as August 31st. Fast Air appeared with
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F-131
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LATAM Airlines Group S.A. | Tribunal de Defensa de la Libre Competencia | 489-2023 | A preliminary precautionary measure was filed by the Tourism Companies Trade Association of Chile seeking that LATAM’s NDC system cease to be implemented or, alternatively, that collection of the Distribution Cost Recovery Fee be suspended and that LATAM be forbidden to limit the inventory of tickets available through the indirect distribution channel. | On May 24, 2023 the preliminary measure was initially rejected. However, after accepting an appeal for reinstatement of ACHET, said resolution was annulled on June 8, 2023, providing instead that partially accepts the precautionary measure only in terms of suspending the Distribution Cost Recovery Fee and prohibiting any unjustified limitation of the inventory of tickets available for the indirect distribution channel. Currently awaiting a final ruling from the Court. The preliminary measure cannot be implemented until such a decision is rendered. For the time being, the amount is indeterminate. |
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| LATAM Airlines Group S.A. | 23° Juzgado Civil de Santiago | C-8156-2022 | A class action filed by CONADECUS against LATAM Airlines Group S.A. for alleged violations of the Consumer Protection Law because of the cancellation of tickets for international flights purchased through travel agencies. It petitioned for fines and damage indemnities to be imposed in defense of the collective and/or diffuse interest of consumers. LATAM has retained specialized legal counsel to defend it. | We were served the claim on September 21, 2023. On September 30, 2023, we filed a remedy of reconsideration against the decision that declared the lawsuit filed by CONADECUS admissible, which was dismissed by the Court on November 11, 2023. A decision on that appeal is pending at this time. On November 18, 2023, LATAM filed the statement of defense. For the time being, the amount is undetermined. |
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F-132
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | União Federal | 10880.967587/2022-48 | This is about the unaccredited compensation/reimbursement and redress regarding the improper payment of the monthly federal social assistance contribution (Cofins, as abbreviated in Portuguese) made in the third quarter of 2018. | The administrative defense has been presented and a decision is pending. |
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F-133
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LATAM Airlines Group S.A. | Tribunal de Defensa de la Libre Competencia | NC-388-2011 |
On August 11, 2012, the Civil Aviation Administration (“JAC,” as abbreviated in Spanish) filed a petition for clarification with the Anti-Trust Court (“TDLC,” as abbreviated in Spanish) regarding Condition VIII.4 of Decision #37/2011 (“Condition VII.4”). The petition seeks to impose a temporary
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LATAM filed a brief with the TDLC on August 27, 2023, petitioning that the JAC petition for clarification be dismissed because it was an improper request to change Condition VIII.4. The TDLC dismissed the JAC’s petition for clarification on September 13, 2023. The JAC filed an appeal against the TDLC’s ruling dismissing its petition for clarification on September 23, 2023. LATAM petitioned that said appeal by the JAC be declared inadmissible on September 30, 2023. The TDLC declared it admissible (it admitted the appeal for processing) on October 2, 2023, and LATAM filed a remedy of reconsideration against that decision on October 7, 2023, accompanied by a legal opinion. The TDLC accepted LATAM’s remedy of reconsideration on October 17, 2023 and amended its previous ruling and dismissed the JAC’s petition for clarification. On October 23, 2023, the JAC presented an appeal to the Supreme Court requesting that the TDLC resolution be annulled and petitioned declared admissible the remedy of reconsideration. On November 3, 2023, LATAM became part of the de facto appeal and requested its rejection. On December 20, 2023, the TDLC sent a report to the Supreme Court. On January 6, 2024, the JAC presented a note in relation to the TDLC report. On January 9, 2024, LATAM presented a document in response to the JAC presentation in which it analyzed the TDLC report.
In a separate but related process, JetSmart filed a non-contentious inquiry on September 26, 2023, in relation to the terms of the future public tender of aviation frequencies on the Santiago-Lima route. JetSmart requested an injunction to suspend the tender and maintain the aviation frequency assignments as currently held until the inquiry has finalized. The TDLC declared the inquiry admissible on October 2, 2023, but only to begin a procedure to determine whether the rules in the terms of the public aviation frequency tender violate Decree Law 211, and dismissed the request for provisional measures. On October 4, 2023, JetSmart filed
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F-134
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | União Federal | 10880.967612/2022-93 | This is a petition to recover a credit Cofins in the 1rd quarter of 2019 (proportional) | The administrative defense has been presented and a decision is pending. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. | Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) | 0042711-61.2007.8.05.0001 (1449899) | Trial involving a commercial representation contract signed directly with the company Gm Serviços Auxiliares de Transporte Aéreo Ltda. alleging the irregular closing of the contract, requesting payment of compensation. | The procedure before the Court of Appeal is pending |
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F-135
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LATAM Airlines Group S.A Sucursal Perú | Tribunal Fiscal | 12511-2022 |
Appeal for US$
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The resolution is pending. |
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| TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A | UNIÃO FEDERAL | 1012674-80.2018.4.01.3400 | Legal actions for members to have the right to collect contributions in the payroll collectible on the basis of gross sales. |
This claim was filed in 2018. In January 2020, a decision favorable to the Company was rendered so that contributions would be collected on the basis of gross income. The company recently learned that the Superior Courts are rendering decisions unfavorable to contributors. They have ruled against the contributor in a recent decision. In December/2023 the position was withdrawn.
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F-136
| Company | Court | Case Number | Origin | Stage of trial |
Amounts
Committed (*) |
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| ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LATAM Airlines Perú S.A. | Tribunal Fiscal | Expediente de Apelación N° 2545-2023 |
Appeal against the resolution of the Intendencia No. 4070140000253 that declared the claim against Determination Resolutions No. 0120030126112 to 0120030126123 and RM No. 0120020037412 to 0120020037423 partially founded. The objections contested through the values indicated above correspond to the taxable base of the IGV for the national interline (domestic national sale).
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On September 16, 2022, an appeal was filed against the determination and fine resolutions issued by SUNAT; being that, through Resolution of the Intendencia No. 4070140000253, the claim filed by the company was partially founded and, in addition, (i) it rectified Annexes No. 01, 04, 05 and 06 of RD No. 0120030126112 to No. 0120030126123. , (ii) the Annex to RM N° 0120020037412 to N° 0120020037423, (iii) the balance in favor of the IGV for the tax periods of January and July 2016 contained in RD N° 0120030126112 and 0120030126118; and, (iv) rectified and continued the collection of the tax debt contained in RD No. 0120030126113 to 0120030126117 and 0120030126119 to 0120030126123 and RM No. 0120020037412 to 0120020037423. On January 11, 2023, an appeal was filed against the aforementioned resolution, which was admitted for processing and elevated to room 9 of the Tax Court. Currently the file is pending resolution.
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| LATAM Airlines Perú S.A. | Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria (SUNAT) | Expediente de Reclamación N° 4070340000412. | Claim against Determination Resolution No. 0120030130232, Fine Resolution No. 0120020038314, notified on 12.22.2022 and Determination Resolution No. 0120030130245 for indirect disposal of income not susceptible to subsequent tax control linked to the objections made to determination of third category net income for fiscal year 2015 |
On January 26, 2023, the Company filed an appeal against the determination and fine resolutions issued by SUNAT. Through Resolution of the Intendencia No. 4070340000928 dated December 19, 2023, SUNAT declared the appeal filed by the Company founded and, consequently, Determination Resolutions No. 012-003-0130232, No. 012-003- 0130245 and Fine Resolution No. 012-002-0038314 are void. Currently, the Gerencia de Fiscalización I and the Gerencia de Fiscalización Internacional y de Precios de Transferencia de la Intendencia de Principales Contribuyentes Nacionales of the SUNAT are pending to issue the inspection requirements necessary to correct the invalidity defects declared by the Intendencia Nacional de Impugnaciones.
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F-137
In order to deal with any financial obligations arising from legal proceedings in effect at December 31, 2023, whether civil, tax, or labor, LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries, has made provisions, which are included in Other non-current provisions that are disclosed in Note 20.
The Company has not disclosed the individual probability of success for each contingency in order to not negatively affect its outcome.
(*) The Company has reported the amounts involved only for the lawsuits for which a reliable estimation can be made of the financial impacts and of the possibility of any recovery, pursuant to Paragraph 86 of IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.
II. Governmental Investigations.
1.)
On April 6, 2019, LATAM Airlines Group S.A. received the resolution issued by the National Economic Prosecutor's Office (FNE), which begins an investigation Role No. 2530-19 into the LATAM Pass frequent passenger program. The last activity in this investigation corresponds to request for information received in May 2019.
2.)
On July 26, 2019, the National Consumer Service of Chile (SERNAC) issued the Ordinary Resolution No. 12,711 which proposed to initiate a collective voluntary mediation procedure on effectively informing passengers of their rights in cases of cancellation of flights or no show to boarding, as well as the obligation to return the respective boarding fees as provided by art. 133 C of the Aeronautical Code. The Company has voluntarily decided to participate in this proceeding, in which an agreement was reached on March 18, 2020, which implies the return of shipping fees from September 1, 2021, with an initial amount of ThUS$
5,165
, plus ThUS$
565
, as well as information to each passenger who has not flown since March 18, 2020, that their boarding fees are available. On January 18, 2021, the 14th Civil Court of Santiago approved the aforesaid agreement. LATAM published an abstract of the decision in nationwide newspapers in compliance with the law. LATAM began performance of the agreement on September 3, 2021. In April and October 2022, and in April and November 2023 the external auditors presented preliminary reports agreed upon with the National Consumer Service (SERNAC). The implementation of a voluntary class procedure concluded on September 3, 2023.
3.)
On October 15, 2019, LATAM Airlines Group S.A. received the resolution issued by the National Economic Prosecuting Authority (“FNE”) which begins an investigation Role N°2585-19 into the agreement between LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Delta Air Lines, Inc (“Delta”). On August 13, 2021 FNE, Delta and LATAM reached an out-of-court agreement that put an end to this investigation. On October 28, 2021, the Tribunal de Defensa de la Libre Competencia approved the out-of-court agreement reached by LATAM and Delta with the FNE.
4.)
LATAM Airlines Group S.A. received a resolution by the National Economic Prosecutor (FNE) on February 1, 2018 beginning Investigation 2484-18 on air cargo carriage. On August 29, 2023, the Office of the National Economic Prosecutor (FNE) decided to separate part of the information from such investigation and created a new Case #2729-23 relative to cargo carriage on charter flights from Santiago to Easter Island during the pandemic. The latest activity in the investigation of Case 2484-18 is an Official Ordinary Letter issued August 28, 2023 in which it requested additional information from LATAM. That letter was answered on September 27, 2023.
5.)
LATAM Airlines Group S.A. received a resolution by the National Economic Prosecutor (FNE) on August 12, 2021 beginning Investigation N° 2669-21 on compliance with condition VII Res. N° 37/2011 from TDLC related to restrictions as to certain codeshare agreements. On October 2, 2023, the FNE decided to separate part of the information in such investigation. Case #2737-23 will be about the code share agreements between LATAM and Delta that LATAM petitioned be amended; and Case #2669-21 will be about the remaining code share agreements. In relation to the investigation with Role No. 2737-23, dated November 06, 2023, the FNE and LATAM reached an extrajudicial agreement in order to allow certain codeshare agreements between LATAM and Delta to be modified. On December, 7, 2023, TDLC approved the extrajudicial agreement reached by LATAM and the FNE.
6.)
The competition authority sent an inquiry [or request] to TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. (LATAM Airlines Brasil) with the objective of obtaining information regarding certain pricing issues, which was received by the company on November 27, 2023. LATAM Airlines Brasil is cooperating with the authority and remains committed to transparency and compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.
F-138
NOTE 31 -
COMMITMENTS
(a)
Commitments arising from loans
In relation to certain contracts committed by the Company for the financing of the Boeing 777 aircraft, which are guaranteed by the Export – Import Bank of the United States of America, limits have been established for some financial indicators of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. on a consolidated basis. Under no circumstance does non-compliance with these limits generate loan acceleration.
The Company and its subsidiaries do not have credit agreements that impose limits on financial indicators of the Company or its subsidiaries, with the exception of those detailed below:
On October 12, 2022, LATAM Airlines Group S.A., acting through its Florida branch, closed a new
four years
revolving credit facility (“Exit RCF”) of US$
500
million with a consortium of
five
banks led by JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. As of
December 31, 2023
, this credit facility is undrawn and fully available. In addition, LATAM Airlines Group S.A., together with Professional Airline Services, Inc., a Florida corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of LATAM Airlines Group S.A., issued (i) on October 12, 2022, as modified on November 3, 2022, a
five years
term loan facility (“Term Loan B Facility”) of US$
1,100
million (US$
1,089
million outstanding as of
December 31, 2023
), (ii) on October 18, 2022, a
13.375
% senior secured notes due 2027 (“2027 Notes”) for an aggregate principal amount of US$
450
million and (iii) on October 18, 2022, a
13.375
% senior secured notes due 2029 (“2029 Notes”, together with the 2027 Notes, the “Notes”) for and aggregate principal amount of US$
700
million. The Exit RCF, the Term Loan B Facility and the Notes (together, the “Exit Financing”) share the same intangible collateral composed mainly of the FFP (LATAM Pass loyalty program) business receivables, Cargo business receivables, certain slots, gates and routes and LATAM’s intellectual property and brands. The Exit Financing contains certain covenants limiting us and our restricted subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, make certain types of restricted payments, incur debt or liens, merge or consolidate with others, dispose of assets, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, engage in certain business activities or make certain investments. In addition, the agreements include a minimum liquidity restriction, requiring us to maintain a minimum liquidity, measured at the consolidated Company (LATAM Airlines Group S.A.) level, of US$
750
million
On November 3, 2022, LATAM Airlines Group S.A., acting through its Florida branch, amended and extended the 2016 revolving credit facility (“RCF”) with a consortium of
thirteen
financial institutions led by Citibank, N.A., guaranteed by aircraft, engines and spare parts for a total committed amount of US$
600
million. The RCF includes restrictions of minimum liquidity measured at the consolidated Company level (with a minimum level of US$
750
million and measured individually for LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. (with a minimum level of US$
400
million jointly). Compliance with these restrictions is a prerequisite for drawing under the line; if the line is used, compliance with said restrictions must be reported periodically, and non-compliance with these restrictions may trigger an acceleration of the loan. As of December 31, 2023, this line of credit is undrawn and fully available.
On November 3, 2022, LATAM Airlines Group S.A., acting through its Florida branch, executed a
five years
credit facility (“Spare Engine Facility”) with, among others, Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, acting through its New York branch, as facility agent and arranger and guaranteed by spare engines for a principal amount of US$
275
million. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding amount under the Spare Engine Facility is US$
266.8
million. The facility includes restrictions of minimum liquidity measured at the consolidated Company level (with a minimum level of US$
750
million) and measured individually for LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. (with a minimum level of US$
400
million jointly).
As of December 31, 2023, the Company complies with the aforementioned minimum liquidity covenants.
F-139
b)
Other commitments
As of December 31, 2023, the Company maintains valid letters of credit, guarantee notes and guarantee insurance policies, according to the following detail:
| Creditor Guarantee | Debtor | Quantity | Type |
Value
ThUS$ |
Release
Date |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SUPERINTENDENCIA NACIONAL DE ADUANAS Y DE ADMINISTRACION TRIBUTARIA | LATAM Airlines Perú S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Jan 11, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SÉTIMA TURMA DO TRIBUNAL REGIONAL FEDERAL DA 1ª REGIÃO - PROCEDIMENTO COMUM CÍVEL - DECEA - 0012177-54.2016.4.01.3400 | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Apr 20, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ISOCELES | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Aug 1, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UNIÃO FEDERAL ( FAZENDA NACIONAL) | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Jul 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UNIÃO FEDERAL - PGFN | ABSA Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Feb 22, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UNIÃO FEDERAL - PGFN | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Sep 28, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UNIÃO FEDERAL - FAZENDA NACIONAL | ABSA Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Apr 14, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UNIÃO FEDERAL | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Feb 4, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FUNDACAO DE PROTECAO E DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR PROCON | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Apr 2, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| VARA DAS EXECUÇÕES FISCAIS ESTADUAIS DE SÃO PAULO - FORO DAS EXECUÇÕES FISCAIS DE SÃO PAULO | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Mar 4, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AMERICAN ALTERNATIVE INS. CO. C/O ROANOKE INS. GROUP INC | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Feb 1, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO | ABSA Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Dec 31, 2099 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BBVA | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Jan 23, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1° VARA DE EXECUÇÕES FISCAIS E DE CRIMES CONTRA A ORDEM TRIB DA COM DE FORTALEZA | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Dec 31, 2099 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FUNDAÇÃO DE PROTEÇÃO E DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR DE SÃO PAULO - PROCON | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Mar 7, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BOND SAFEGUARD INSURANCE COMPANY | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Jul 20, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| COMISÓN EUROPEA | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Mar 29, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UNIAO FEDERAL (FAZENDA NACIONAL) | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Nov 16, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17ª VARA CÍVEL DA COMARCA DA CAPITAL DE JOÃO PESSOA/PB | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Jun 25, 2028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PROCON - FUNDACAO DE PROTECAO E DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Nov 17, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| JFK INTERNATIONAL AIR TERMINAL LLC | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Jan 27, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-140
| Creditor Guarantee | Debtor | Quantity | Type |
Value
ThUS$ |
Release
Date |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| METROPOLITAN DADE CONTY (MIAMI - DADE AVIATION DEPARTMENT) | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Mar 13, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SÉTIMA TURMA DO TRIBUNAL REGIONAL FEDERAL DA 1ª REGIÃO - PROCEDIMENTO COMUM CÍVEL - DECEA - 0012177-54.2016.4.01.3400 | ABSA Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
May 7, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SERVICIO NACIONAL DE ADUANA DEL ECUADOR | LATAM-Airlines Ecuador S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
May 8, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| VARA DE EXECUÇÕES FISCAIS ESTADUAIS DA COMARCA DE SÃO PAULO/SP - EXECUÇÃO FISCAL N.º 1507367-03.2016.8.26.0014 | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Apr 24, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOCIEDAD CONCESIONARIA NUEVO PUDAHUEL S.A. | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Mar 29, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14ª VARA FEDERAL DA SEÇÃO JUDICIÁRIA DO DISTRITO FEDERAL / TRIBUNAL: 7ª TURMA DO TRIBUNAL REGIONAL FEDERAL DA 1ª REGIÃO - ANULATÓRIA N.º 0007263-25.2008.4.01.3400 | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
May 29, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UNIÃO FEDERAL, REPRESENTADO PELA PROCURADORIA SECCIONAL DA FAZENDA NACIONAL EM CAMPINAS | ABSA Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Nov 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FIANÇA TAM LINHAS AÉREAS X JUIZ FEDERAL DE UMA DAS VARAS DA SEÇÃO JUDICIÁRIA DE BRASÍLIA/ | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Dec 31, 2099 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIMA AIRPORT PARTNERS S.R.L. | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Dec 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Dec 31, 2099 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UNIDAD ADMINISTRATIVA BOGOTÁ | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Apr 17, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| JUIZO DE DIREITO DA VARA DA FAZENDA PUBLICA ESTADUAL DA COMARCA DA CAPITAL DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Dec 31, 2099 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| JFK INTERNATIONAL AIR TERMINAL LLC | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Jan 25, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MUNICIPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Dec 31, 2099 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AENA AEROPUERTOS S.A | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Nov 15, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CITY OF LOS ANGELES, DEPARTMENT OF AIRPORTS | LATAM Airlines Group S.A. |
|
Letter of Credit |
|
Jan 2, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FUNDAÇÃO DE PROTEÇÃO E DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Dec 31, 2099 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PARQUE DE MAETERIAL AERONAUTICO DO GALEAO - PAMA GL | TAM Linhas Aereas S.A. |
|
Guarantee Insurance |
|
Jun 18, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-141
Letters of credit related to right-of-use assets are included in Note 16 Property, plant and equipment letter (d) Additional information Property, plant and equipment, in numeral (i) Property, plant and equipment delivered as collateral.
NOTE 32 -
TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES
(a)
Details of transactions with related parties as follows:
| Tax No. | Related party | Nature of relationship with related parties |
Country
of origin |
Nature of related parties transactions | Currency | For the year ended At December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.810.370-9 | Inversiones Costa Verde Ltda. y CPA. | Related director | Chile | Tickets sales | CLP |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 81.062.300-4 | Costa Verde Aeronautica S.A. | Common shareholder | Chile | Loans received (*) | US$ |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest received (*) | US$ |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contribution | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 87.752.000-5 | Granja Marina Tornagaleones S.A. | Common shareholder | Chile | Services provided | CLP |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96.989.370-3 | Rio Dulce S.A. (**) | Related director | Chile | Tickets sales | CLP |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Patagonia Seafarms INC | Related director | U.S.A | Services provided of cargo transport | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Inversora Aeronáutica Argentina S.A. | Related director | Argentina | Real estate leases received | ARS |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense recovery | ARS |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | TAM Aviação Executiva e Taxi Aéreo S.A. | Common shareholder | Brazil | Services provided of passenger transport | BRL |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Qatar Airways | Indirect shareholder | Qatar | Interlineal received service | US$ |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services provided by aircraft lease | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interlineal provided service | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services received of handling | US$ |
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services provided of handling | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services received miles | US$ |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services provided miles | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation for early return of aircraft | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services provided / received others | US$ |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Delta Air Lines, Inc. | Shareholder | U.S.A | Interlineal received service | US$ |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interlineal provided service | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans received (*) | US$ |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest received (*) | US$ |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contribution | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services provided of handling | US$ |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services received miles | US$ |
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services provided miles | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Engine sale | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services provided maintenance | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joint venture | US$ |
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estates leases provided | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services provided / received others | US$ |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | QA Investments Ltd | Common shareholder | U.K. | Loans received (*) | US$ |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest received (*) | US$ |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contribution | US$ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | QA Investments 2 Ltd | Common shareholder | U.K. | Loans received (*) | US$ |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest received (*) | US$ |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | Lozuy S.A. | Common shareholder | Uruguay | Loans received (*) | US$ |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest received (*) | US$ |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-142
The balances corresponding to Accounts receivable and accounts payable to related entities are disclosed in Note 9.
Transactions between related parties have been carried out under market conditions and duly informed.
(**) Related companies until November 2022
(b)
Compensation of key management
The Company has defined for these purposes that key management personnel are the executives who define the Company’s policies and macro guidelines and who directly affect the results of the business, considering the levels of Vice-Presidents, Chief Executives and Senior Directors.
| For the year ended at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Remuneration |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Board compensation |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Non-monetary benefits |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Short-term benefits |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Termination benefits (*) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
In accordance with current legislation, the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 20, 2023, determined the amount of the annual remuneration for the Board for the period from that date until the next Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting scheduled to take place within the first quarter of 2024. In this context, in addition to the base remuneration, an additional remuneration was approved for each Board member, with an incremental amount based on the following criteria:
(a)
During the first year following their appointment, until November 15, 2023, provided that the Director serves continuously in their position, each Director will be entitled to receive an additional amount to the base remuneration, equivalent to
9,226,234
units of remuneration or “URAs.”
(b)
For the second year following their appointment, covering the period from the end of the first anniversary since their designation until November 15, 2024, under the same condition mentioned previously and approved by the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting in the first quarter of 2024, each Director will be entitled to receive another additional amount equivalent to
9,226,234
URAs.
(c)
Likewise, each Director who becomes part of the Board Committee will also receive, as additional compensation, a variable amount equivalent to an additional one-third (1/3) calculated on the incremental remuneration that the respective Committee member is entitled to as a Director, in accordance with the resolution of the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting.
For payment purposes, the value of each URA will be considered as referentially equivalent to the price of a company’s share. Consequently, URAs will be paid at the weighted average price of stock market transactions of the company’s shares during the
10
business days preceding the effective date (“Weighted Average Price”). For the calculation of the Weighted Average Price, transactions on national stock exchanges, as well as those on foreign exchanges recognized at the national level where LATAM’s American Depositary Shares may eventually be listed again, will be taken into account.
The amounts paid during the 2023 fiscal year for this concept, in accordance with the above, are:
| Paid during the year | |||||
| 2023 | |||||
| ThUS$ | |||||
| URAs Directors |
|
||||
| URAs Board Committee |
|
||||
| Total |
|
||||
F-143
NOTE 33 -
SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS
(a) LP3 compensation plans (2020-2023)
The Company implemented a program for a group of executives, which existed until March 2023, with a demand period between October 2020 and March 2023, where the collection percentage was annual and cumulative. The methodology is an estimate of the number of units, where a goal of the value of the action is set.
The benefit is vested if the target of the share price defined in each year is met. In case the benefit accumulates up to the last year the total benefit is doubled (in case the share price is achieved).
This Compensation Plan was finally not executed because the share price required for its collection is below the initial target.
(b) CIP (Corporate Incentive Plan)
As indicated in Note 22, in the context of the exit from Chapter 11 Proceedings, the Company implemented a talent retention program for the Company's employees, which is divided into
three
categories. The first
one
(i.e., Non-Executive Employees) simply contemplates guaranteed payments in cash to the respective employees on certain dates depending on the country where the employee is hired. On the other hand, the remaining
two
categories (i.e., Non-GEM Executives and GEM Executives) contemplated the granting of synthetic units of remuneration (the "Units") that, by reference, are considered as equivalent to the price of
one
share of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and consequently, in case they become effective, grant the worker the right to receive the payment in cash that results from multiplying the number of Units that are pay for the value per share of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. that must be considered in accordance with the CIP.
Below are more details of these
two
categories.
Non-GEM Executives
The first subprogram applies to senior executives not part of the GEM (Global Executive Meeting - Senior Managers, Managers, Deputy Managers). In this context, this program contemplates
two
different bonuses: (1) a retention bonus, consisting of the amount in money resulting from Units that are assigned to the respective employee and these Units being paid
20
% on month
15
and
80
% at month
24
, in each case, counted from Exit date from the Chapter 11 Procedure (i.e., November 3, 2022) (the "Exit Date"). This is consequently, a guaranteed payment for these employees; and (2) a bonus associated to the performance defined on based on the compliance of certain financial indicators of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and its subsidiaries, which is reflected in Note 19(b), becoming effective
20
% at month
15
and
80
% at month
24
, in each case, from the Exit Date. Consequently, this is a temporary payment that is only made if these indicators are met.
GEM Executives
Applies to senior executives of the Company who are part of the GEM (CEO and employees whose job description is "vice presidents" or "directors"). Employees that participating in this program are eligible to receive cash payments for Units. These Units are as follows:
1. "RSUs" (Retention Shares Units): That is, Units associated with the employee's permanence in the Company, and consequently, are associated with the passage of time. In its totality, the CIP contemplates up to
3,107,603,293
RSUs which are made effective by partialities in the terms indicated below.
As a general rule, RSUs will be eligible to become effective at the rate of one third on each of the following dates: month
24
, month
36
and month
42
, in each case, counted from the Exit Date. The mentioned above, subject to the occurrence of a trigger event related to the volume of transactions of securities issued by LATAM Airlines Group S.A. in the terms contemplated in the CIP (hereinafter, a "VTE" – Volume Triggering Event). The number of RSUs actually paid will be determined based on the net resources accumulated as a result of a VTE on the respective determination date (hereinafter, this adjustment will be referred to as the "Pro Rata Factor").
F-144
Notwithstanding the mentioned above, the CIP also contemplates a "Minimum Guaranteed Vesting" according to which, the percentage of RSUs indicated below will be effective on each date indicated, even if a VTE has not occurred. The foregoing, net of the RSUs that may eventually have become effective previously.
| Minimum Guaranteed Vesting of RSUs | |||||
| Percentage of Units that become effective | |||||
| Month 30 from Exit Date |
|
% | |||
| Month 42 from Exit Date |
|
% | |||
| Month 60 from Exit Date |
|
% | |||
2. "PSUs" (Performance Shares Units): That is, Units associated with both the employee's permanence in the Company and the performance of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. measured according to the share price. Consequently, like RSUs, these Units are associated with the passage of time. However, PSUs also consider the market value of the share of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. considering a liquid market. However, as long as there is no such liquid market, the share price will be determined on the basis of representative transactions. In its totality, the CIP contemplates up to
4,251,780,158
PSUs which are made effective by partialities in the terms indicated below.
As a general rule, PSUs will be eligible to become effective at the rate of one third on each of the following dates: month
24
, month
36
and month
42
, in each case, counted from the Exit Date. The foregoing, subject to (i) a VTE having occurred; and (ii) that the quotient (hereinafter, the "Net Price/ERO (Equity Rigths offering) Quotient") between the net price of sales originating in a VTE, divided by the price of share at which the shares issued were placed under the capital increase agreed at the extraordinary shareholders' meeting of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. dated July 5, 2022 (that is, US$
0.01083865799
), is greater than
150
%. The number of PSUs that actually becomes effective will be determined according to the Factor Pro Rata and the Quotient Net Price/ERO Price).
From the above it flows that the PSUs constitute an eventual and not guaranteed payment.
In addition, some of the GEM Executives will also be entitled to receive a fixed and guaranteed payment in cash ("MPP" – Management Protection Plan) on certain dates under the Plan, at the rate of
33
% in the month
18
,
34
% in the month
24
and
33
% in the
30
th month, all from the Exit Date. On the other hand, those employees who are eligible for this MPP will also be eligible for a limited number of additional RSUs ("MPP Based RSUs"). In its totality, the CIP includes
1,438,926,658
MPP based RSUs. As a general rule, MPP Based RSUs will be eligible to become effective on the same terms and conditions as RSUs; however, that they will be eligible to become effective at a rate of one third on each of the following dates: month
18
, month
24
and month
30
, in each case, from the Exit Date. The valuation of these Units will be equivalent to the value of the Company's share less the ERO Price at the time they become effective.
In all cases, the respective employees must have remained as such in the Company at the corresponding accrual date to qualify for these benefits.
Given the characteristics of this program, it has been recorded in accordance with the provisions of IFRS 2 "Share-based payments" and has been considered as a "cash settlement award" and, therefore, recorded at fair value as a liability that is part of the items Trade and other accounts payables and Provisions for employee benefits, non-current, which is updated at the closing date of each financial statement with effect on profit or loss for the period and classified in the line "Administrative expenses" of the Interim Consolidated Statement of Income by function.
The fair value has been determined on the basis of the current share price and the best estimate of the future value of the Company's share, multiplied by the number of underlying units granted. This estimate was made based on the Company's Business Plan and its main indicators such as EBITDAR, adjusted net debt.
F-145
The movement of units as of December 31, 2023, is as follows:
| Opening balance as of 01.01.2023 | Granted during the period | Vested | Exercised during the period | Forfeited during the period | Closing balance as of 12.31.2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSU - Retention |
|
|
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PSU - Performance |
|
|
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MPPBASEDRSU - Protection |
|
|
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
|
|
|
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NOTE 34 -
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(a)
The Company has carried out the following transactions with non-monetary impact:
a.1.)
Proceeds from the issuance of shares as of December 31, 2022:
| Detail | ThUS$ | |||||||
| Issuance of shares |
|
|||||||
| Issuance costs |
(
|
|||||||
| DIP Junior offset |
(
|
|||||||
| Total cash flow |
|
|||||||
From the total capital increase for ThUS$
800,000
, ThUS$
549,038
were cash Inflows presented in Financing Activities. ThUS$
170,962
were offset against a portion of the Junior DIP maintained with the shareholder Inversiones Costa Verde Ltda. y CPA Additionally, there were ThUS$
80,000
deducted related to equity issuance cost, that are presented within Other sundry reserves of equity.
a.2.)
Amount from the issuance of other equity instruments as of December 31, 2022:
| Detail |
Convertible
Notes H |
Convertible
Notes I |
Total | |||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value (see note 24) |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Use for settlement of claim |
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Issuance costs |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||
| DIP Junior offset |
(
|
(
|
(
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Cash inflow |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
The payment of DIP Junior offset is related to payment of the Junior Dip through the issues of the Convertible Notes subscribed for the shareholders Delta Air Lines, Inc and QA Investment Ltd. for ThUS$
327,957
and of the other creditor for Th$
381,018
.
a.3.) As a result of the exit from Chapter 11, in relation to trade accounts payable and other accounts payable, the conversion into shares for Notes G and I was carried out, for a total of ThUS$
3,610,470
and a decrease in said item with effect in result which is included in Earning (Loss) from restructuring activities for ThUS$
2,550,306
(see note 26d) and with effect in results in financial income for ThUS$$
420,436
(see note 26e).
a.4.) As a result of the exit from Chapter 11, the Other financial liabilities item decreased its balance by ThUS$
2,673,256
, which is detailed in letter, d). The break down of this decrease corresponds mainly to ThUS$
491,326
(see note 26e), Th$US$
354,249
(decrease with effect in Property, plant and equipment, mainly related to the effect of rate change),
F-146
ThUS$
381,018
related to the compensation of the debt with the effect of increasing Capital, ThUS$
1,443,066
associated with the conversion of debt into shares and other minor effects of Th$US$
3,596
.
a.5.) The Company has also carried out non-monetary transactions related to Right of use assets, Lease liabilities and Financial leases.
(b)
Other inflows (outflows) of cash:
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Restricted Advances |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Bank commissions, taxes paid and other |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Taxes on financial transactions |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Guarantees |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Payment for hedging instruments |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Court deposits |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Derivative margin guarantees |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Payment for derivatives premiums |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Total Other inflows (outflows) Operation activities |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Tax paid on bank transactions |
|
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Guarantee deposit received from the sale of aircraft |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Insurance recovery |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total Other inflows (outflows) Investment activities |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Interest rate derivatives |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Funds delivered as restricted advances |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Payments of claims associated with the debt |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Debt Issuance Cost - Stamp Tax |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Taxes on financial transactions |
(
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Debt-related legal advice |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| RCF guarantee placement |
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total Other inflows (outflows) Financing activities |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
(c)
Dividends:
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were
no
disbursements associated with this concept.
F-147
(d)
Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities:
| Cash flows | Non cash-Flow Movements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2022 |
Obtainment | Payment |
Interest
accrued and others |
Reclassifications (***) |
As of
December 31, 2023 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital (*) | Capital (**) | Interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations with financial institutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed obligations |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other guaranteed obligations |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligation with the public |
|
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial leases |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other loans |
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liability |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Obligations with financial institutions |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows | Non cash-Flow Movements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2021 |
Obtainment | Payment |
Extinguishment
of debt under Chapter 11 |
Interest
accrued and others |
Reclassifications |
As of
December 31, 2022 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital (*) | Capital (**) | Interests | Legal advices related to debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations with financial institutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans to exporters |
|
|
|
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed obligations |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other guaranteed obligations |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligation with the public |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial leases |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other loans |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liability |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Obligations with financial institutions |
|
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-148
| Cash flows | Non cash-Flow Movements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of
December 31, 2020 |
Obtainment | Payment |
Interest
accrued and others (****) |
Reclassifications |
As of
December 31, 2021 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Capital (**) | Interests |
Transaction
cost |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations with financial institutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans to exporters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans |
|
|
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed obligations |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other guaranteed obligations |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligation with the public |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial leases |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liability |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Obligations with financial institutions |
|
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*) During the year 2023, the Company did not obtain financing. During the year 2022, The Company obtained ThUS$
2,361,875
amounts from long-term loans and ThUS$
4,856,025
(ThUS$$
661,609
in 2021) amounts from short-term loans, totaling ThUS$
7,217,900
.
(**) As of December 31, 2023, loan repayments ThUS$
342,005
and repayments of lease liabilities ThUS$
225,358
, disclosed in flows from financing activities, as of December 31, 2022, loan repayments ThUS$
8,759,413
and liability payments for leases ThUS$
131,917
disclosed in flows from financing activities and as of December 31, 2021, loan repayments ThUS$
463,048
and liability payments for leases ThUS$
103,366
disclosed in flows from financing activities.
(***) As a result of the exit from Chapter 11, Bank Loans decreased mainly by ThUS$
297,161
, related to the cancellation of the claim of TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A., which was pending resolution upon exit from the Chapter 11 process and which was compensated during 2023 with a fund delivered to an agent as restricted advances made in November 2022.
(****) As of December 31, 2021, Accrued interest and others, includes ThUS$
458,642
, associated with the rejection of fleet contracts.
F-149
Below are the details obtained (payments) of flows related to financing:
|
For the years ended
December 31 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Capital
raising |
Payments |
Capital
raising |
Payments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Flow of | Capital | Interest | Capital | Interest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft financing |
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liability |
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-aircraft financing |
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total obligations with Financial institutions |
|
(
|
(
|
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(e)
Advances of aircraft
Corresponds to the cash flows associated with aircraft purchases, which are included in the statement of consolidated cash flows, within Purchases of property, plant and equipment.
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Increases (payments) |
(
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
| Recoveries |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Total cash flows |
|
(
|
(
|
||||||||||||||
(f)
Additions of property, plant and equipment and Intangibles
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ThUS$ | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash flows from | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Additions associated with maintenance |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other additions |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Purchases of intangible assets |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Other additions |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
F-150
(g)
The net effect of the application of hyperinflation in the consolidated cash flow statement corresponds to:
|
For the year ended
At December 31, |
|||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ThUS$ | ThUS$ | ||||||||||
| Net cash flows from (used in) operating activities |
(
|
(
|
|||||||||
| Net cash flows from (used in) investment activities |
|
(
|
|||||||||
| Net cash flows from (used in) financing activities |
|
|
|||||||||
| Effects of variation in the exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|||||||||
(h)
Payments of leased maintenance
Payments to suppliers for the supply of goods and services include the value paid associated with leased maintenance capitalizations for ThUS$
294,549
(ThUS$
149,142
as of December 31, 2022 and ThUS$
163,717
as of December 31, 2021).
(i)
Payments of loans to related entities as December 31, 2022:
| ThUS$ | |||||
| Delta Air Lines, Inc. |
(
|
||||
| Qatar Airways |
(
|
||||
| Costa Verde Aeronautica S.A. |
(
|
||||
| Lozuy S.A. |
(
|
||||
| QA Investments Ltd |
(
|
||||
| QA Investments 2 Ltd |
(
|
||||
| Payments of loans to related entities |
(
|
||||
F-151
NOTE 35 -
EVENTS SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
On February 7, 2024, the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service Brazilian issued a tax assessment against TAM Linhas Aéreas on the amount of ThUS$
52,281
(ThR$
253,565
) related to certain tax credits on about “PIS COFINS” (Federal Social Contributions Levied on Gross Revenue) during the period of 2019/2020. The company will be filing an administrative response disputing the total amount of the tax assessment.
After December 31, 2023 and up to the date of issuance of these financial statements, there is no knowledge of other events of a financial or other nature that significantly affect the balances or their interpretation.
The consolidated financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023, have been approved in the Extraordinary Session of the Board of Directors on February 22, 2024.
F-152
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
|
Date: February 22, 2024
|
LATAM AIRLINES GROUP S.A. | |||||||
| By: | /s/ Ramiro Alfonsín Balza | |||||||
| Name: | Ramiro Alfonsín Balza | |||||||
| Title: | LATAM Airlines Group CFO | |||||||
143
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part IItem 1 Identity Of Directors, Senior Management and AdvisersItem 2 Offer Statistics and Expected TimetableItem 3 Key InformationItem 4 Information on The CompanyItem 4A. Unresolved Staff CommentsItem 5 Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsItem 6 Directors, Senior Management and EmployeesItem 7 Major Shareholders and Related Party TransactionsItem 8 Financial InformationItem 9 The Offer and ListingItem 10 Additional InformationItem 11 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market RisksItem 12 Description Of Securities Other Than Equity SecuritiesPart IIItem 13 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and DelinquenciesItem 14 Material Modifications To The Rights Of Security Holders and Use Of ProceedsItem 15 Controls and ProceduresItem 16 ReservedItem 16A. Audit Committee Financial ExpertItem 16B. Code Of EthicsItem 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and ServicesItem 16D. Exemptions From The Listing Standards For Audit CommitteesItem 16E. Purchases Of Equity Securities By The Issuer and Affiliated PurchasersItem 16F. Change in Registrant S Certifying AccountantItem 16G. Corporate GovernanceItem 16H. Mine Safety DisclosureItem 16I. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent InspectionsItem 16J. ReservedItem 16K. Cybersecurity Management and StrategyItem 17 Financial StatementsItem 18 Financial StatementsItem 19 ExhibitsNote 1 - General InformationNote 2 - Summary Of Significant Accounting PoliciesNote 3 - Financial Risk ManagementNote 4 - Accounting Estimates and JudgmentsNote 5 - Segment InformationNote 6 - Cash and Cash EquivalentsNote 7 - Financial InstrumentsNote 8 - Trade and Other Accounts Receivable Current, and Non- Current Accounts ReceivableNote 9 - Accounts Receivable From/payable To Related EntitiesNote 10 - InventoriesNote 11 - Other Financial AssetsNote 12 - Other Non-financial AssetsNote 13 - Non-current Assets and Disposal Group Classified As Held For SaleNote 14 - Investments in SubsidiariesNote 15 - Intangible Assets Other Than GoodwillNote 16 - Property, Plant and EquipmentNote 17 - Current and Deferred TaxesNote 18 - Other Financial LiabilitiesNote 19 - Trade and Other Accounts PayablesNote 20 - Other ProvisionsNote 21 - Other Non-financial LiabilitiesNote 22 - Employee BenefitsNote 23 - Accounts Payable, Non-currentNote 24 - EquityNote 25 - RevenueNote 26 - Costs and Expenses By NatureNote 27 - Other Income, By FunctionNote 28 - Foreign Currency and Exchange Rate DifferencesNote 29 Earnings (loss) Per ShareNote 30 ContingenciesNote 31 - CommitmentsNote 32 - Transactions with Related PartiesNote 33 - Share-based PaymentsNote 34 - Statement Of Cash FlowsNote 35 - Events Subsequent To The Date Of The Financial Statements