MOFG 10-Q Quarterly Report June 30, 2025

MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

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mofg-20250630

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to


			Commission file number			001-35968

MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


Iowa						42-1206172
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

102 South Clinton Street , Iowa City , IA 52240						( 319 ) 356-5800
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)						(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, $1.00 par value

MOFG

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes x No

As of August 1, 2025, there were 20,706,267 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Form 10-Q Quarterly Report

Table of Contents

Page No.

PART I

Item 1.

Financial Statements (unaudited)

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Income

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Item 2.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

Part II

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Item 5.

Other Information

Item 6.

Exhibits

Signatures

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Glossary of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Terms

As used in this report, references to "MidWest One ", "we", "our", "us", the "Company", and similar terms refer to the consolidated entity consisting of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. MidWest One Bank or the "Bank" refers to MidWest One 's bank subsidiary, MidWest One Bank.

The acronyms, abbreviations, and terms listed below are used in various sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Form 10-Q"), including "Item 1. Financial Statements" and "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."


ACL	Allowance for Credit Losses	FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
AFS	Available for Sale	FDIC	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
AOCI	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	FHLB	Federal Home Loan Bank
ASC	Accounting Standards Codification	FHLBDM	Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines
ASU	Accounting Standards Update	FHLMC	Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
ATM	Automated Teller Machine	FRB	Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
BHCA	Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended	GAAP	U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
BOD	Bank of Denver	GLBA	Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999
BOLI	Bank Owned Life Insurance	HTM	Held to Maturity
CECL	Current Expected Credit Loss	MBS	Mortgage-Backed Securities
CMO	Collateralized Mortgage Obligations	RPA	Credit Risk Participation Agreement
CRE	Commercial Real Estate	RRE	Residential Real Estate
DNVB	Denver Bankshares, Inc.	SBA	U.S. Small Business Administration
ECL	Expected Credit Losses	SEC	U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
EVE	Economic Value of Equity	SOFR	Secured Overnight Financing Rate

Table of Contents

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited).

MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
(unaudited) (in thousands, except per share amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	78,696	$	71,803
Interest earning deposits in banks	90,749		133,092

Total cash and cash equivalents	169,445		204,895
Debt securities available for sale at fair value	1,235,045		1,328,433


Loans held for sale	16,812		749
Gross loans held for investment	4,391,426		4,328,413
Unearned income, net	( 10,238 )		( 12,786 )
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income	4,381,188		4,315,627
Allowance for credit losses	( 65,800 )		( 55,200 )
Total loans held for investment, net	4,315,388		4,260,427
Premises and equipment, net	89,910		90,851
Goodwill	69,788		69,788
Other intangible assets, net	22,359		25,019
Foreclosed assets, net	3,414		3,337
Other assets	238,612		252,830
Total assets	$	6,160,773	$	6,236,329

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Noninterest bearing deposits	$	910,693	$	951,423
Interest bearing deposits	4,477,405		4,526,559
Total deposits	5,388,098		5,477,982
Short-term borrowings	—		3,186
Long-term debt	112,320		113,376
Other liabilities	71,315		82,089
Total liabilities	5,571,733		5,676,633

Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value; authorized 500,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $ 1.00 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; issued shares of 21,580,067 and 21,580,067 ; outstanding shares of 20,769,577 and 20,777,485	21,580		21,580
Additional paid-in capital	414,485		414,987
Retained earnings	232,718		217,776
Treasury stock at cost, 810,490 and 802,582 shares	( 22,186 )		( 21,885 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	( 57,557 )		( 72,762 )
Total shareholders' equity	589,040		559,696
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	6,160,773	$	6,236,329

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(unaudited) (in thousands, except per share amounts)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest income
Loans, including fees	$	62,276	$	61,643	$	121,738	$	119,590
Taxable investment securities	12,928		9,228		26,255		18,688
Tax-exempt investment securities	699		1,663		1,402		3,373
Other	1,517		242		2,764		660
Total interest income	77,420		72,776		152,159		142,311
Interest expense
Deposits	25,665		28,942		51,149		56,668
Short-term borrowings	19		5,409		44		10,384
Long-term debt	1,754		2,078		3,545		4,181
Total interest expense	27,438		36,429		54,738		71,233
Net interest income	49,982		36,347		97,421		71,078
Credit loss expense	11,889		1,267		13,576		5,956
Net interest income after credit loss expense	38,093		35,080		83,845		65,122
Noninterest income
Investment services and trust activities	3,705		3,504		7,249		7,007
Service charges and fees	2,190		2,156		4,321		4,300
Card revenue	1,934		1,907		3,678		3,850
Loan revenue	1,417		1,525		2,611		2,381
Bank-owned life insurance	677		668		1,734		1,328


Investment securities gains, net	—		33		33		69
Other	326		11,761		759		12,369
Total noninterest income	10,249		21,554		20,385		31,304
Noninterest expense
Compensation and employee benefits	21,011		20,985		42,223		41,915
Occupancy expense of premises, net	2,540		2,435		5,128		5,248
Equipment	2,550		2,530		4,976		5,130
Legal and professional	2,153		2,253		4,379		4,312
Data processing	1,486		1,645		3,184		3,005
Marketing	762		636		1,314		1,234
Amortization of intangibles	1,252		1,593		2,660		3,230
FDIC insurance	851		1,051		1,768		1,993
Communications	161		191		320		387
Foreclosed assets, net	83		138		157		496

Other	2,918		2,304		5,951		4,376
Total noninterest expense	35,767		35,761		72,060		71,326
Income before income tax expense	12,575		20,873		32,170		25,100
Income tax expense	2,595		5,054		7,052		6,012
Net income	$	9,980	$	15,819	$	25,118	$	19,088

Per common share information
Earnings - basic	$	0.48	$	1.00	$	1.21	$	1.21
Earnings - diluted	$	0.48	$	1.00	$	1.20	$	1.21
Dividends paid	$	0.2425	$	0.2425	$	0.4850	$	0.4850

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(unaudited) (in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	9,980	$	15,819	$	25,118	$	19,088

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized gain from AFS debt securities:
Unrealized net gain on debt securities AFS	7,581		3,023		20,862		5,174
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income	—		( 33 )		( 33 )		( 69 )
Reclassification of the change in fair value of AFS debt securities attributable to change in hedged risk	55		104		223		986
Income tax expense	( 1,993 )		( 783 )		( 5,389 )		( 1,541 )
Unrealized net gain on AFS debt securities, net of reclassification adjustments	5,643		2,311		15,663		4,550
Reclassification of AFS debt securities to HTM on January 1, 2022:
Amortization of the net unrealized loss from the reclassification of AFS debt securities to HTM	—		489		—		990
Income tax expense	—		( 124 )		—		( 251 )
Amortization of net unrealized loss from the reclassification of AFS debt securities to HTM, net	—		365		—		739
Unrealized (loss) gain from cash flow hedging instruments:
Unrealized net (loss) gain in cash flow hedging instruments	144		778		( 54 )		3,550
Reclassification adjustment for net gain in cash flow hedging instruments included in income	( 280 )		( 787 )		( 559 )		( 1,575 )
Income tax benefit (expense)	34		2		155		( 500 )
Unrealized net (losses) gains on cash flow hedging instruments, net of reclassification adjustment	( 102 )		( 7 )		( 458 )		1,475
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	5,541		2,669		15,205		6,764
Comprehensive income	$	15,521	$	18,488	$	40,323	$	25,852

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY


Three Months Ended June 30,
	Common Stock
(unaudited) (in thousands, except per share amounts)	Par Value		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total







Balance at March 31, 2024	$	16,581	$	300,845	$	294,066	$	( 22,648 )	$	( 60,804 )	$	528,040
Net income	—		—		15,819		—		—		15,819
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		2,669		2,669
Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs ( 22,997 shares, net)	—		( 598 )		( 30 )		627		—		( 1 )
Repurchase of common stock ( 0 shares)	—		—		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—		584		—		—		—		584
Dividends paid on common stock ($ 0.2425 per share)	—		—		( 3,825 )		—		—		( 3,825 )
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	16,581	$	300,831	$	306,030	$	( 22,021 )	$	( 58,135 )	$	543,286















Balance at March 31, 2025	$	21,580	$	414,258	$	227,790	$	( 20,905 )	$	( 63,098 )	$	579,625
Net income	—		—		9,980		—		—		9,980
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		5,541		5,541
Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs ( 17,264 shares, net)	—		( 472 )		—		472		—		—
Repurchase of common stock ( 63,402 shares)	—		—		—		( 1,753 )		—		( 1,753 )
Share-based compensation	—		699		—		—		—		699
Dividends paid on common stock ($ 0.2425 per share)	—		—		( 5,052 )		—		—		( 5,052 )
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	21,580	$	414,485	$	232,718	$	( 22,186 )	$	( 57,557 )	$	589,040









Six Months Ended June 30,
	Common Stock
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Par Value		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	16,581	$	302,157	$	294,784	$	( 24,245 )	$	( 64,899 )	$	524,378
Net income	—		—		19,088		—		—		19,088
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		6,764		6,764
Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs ( 79,162 shares, net)	—		( 2,551 )		( 197 )		2,224		—		( 524 )
Repurchase of common stock ( 0 shares)	—		—		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—		1,225		—		—		—		1,225
Dividends paid on common stock ($ 0.4850 per share)	—		—		( 7,645 )		—		—		( 7,645 )
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	16,581	$	300,831	$	306,030	$	( 22,021 )	$	( 58,135 )	$	543,286

Balance at December 31, 2024	$	21,580	$	414,987	$	217,776	$	( 21,885 )	$	( 72,762 )	$	559,696
Net income	—		—		25,118		—		—		25,118
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		15,205		15,205

Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs ( 55,494 shares, net)	—		( 1,796 )		( 76 )		1,452		—		( 420 )
Repurchase of common stock ( 63,402 shares)	—		—		—		( 1,753 )		—		( 1,753 )
Share-based compensation	—		1,294		—		—		—		1,294
Dividends paid on common stock ($ 0.4850 per share)	—		—		( 10,100 )		—		—		( 10,100 )
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	21,580	$	414,485	$	232,718	$	( 22,186 )	$	( 57,557 )	$	589,040

Table of Contents

MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(unaudited) (in thousands)	2025		2024
Operating Activities:
Net income	$	25,118	$	19,088
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Credit loss expense	13,576		5,956

Depreciation, amortization, and accretion	177		5,752


Net change in premises and equipment due to writedown or sale	213		78
Share-based compensation	1,294		1,225
Net gain on call or sale of debt securities available for sale	( 33 )		( 69 )




Net change in foreclosed assets due to writedown or sale	60		287
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale	( 731 )		( 600 )
Origination of loans held for sale	( 41,212 )		( 29,834 )
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	36,920		28,629
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance	616		( 1,328 )
Decrease (increase) in deferred income taxes, net	4,278		( 123 )
Gain on branch sale	—		( 11,056 )
Change in:
Other assets	3,789		8,375
Other liabilities	( 10,474 )		8,440
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	33,591	$	34,820
Investing Activities:

Purchases of equity securities	$	( 750 )	$	( 500 )
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale	—		52,323
Proceeds from maturities, calls and payments of debt securities available for sale	121,883		56,542
Purchases of debt securities available for sale	( 5,015 )		( 28,376 )

Proceeds from maturities, calls, and payments of debt securities held to maturity	—		22,141
Net increase in loans held for investment	( 77,556 )		( 116,809 )
Purchases of premises and equipment	( 1,541 )		( 1,149 )
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets	186		50
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	—		7
Net cash paid in business acquisition	—		( 28,621 )
Net cash received in divestiture of branches	—		43,732

Proceeds of principal and earnings from bank-owned life insurance	380		—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	37,587	$	( 660 )
Financing Activities:
Net (decrease) increase in:
Deposits	$	( 89,958 )	$	( 74,470 )
Short-term borrowings	( 3,186 )		76,920


Payments on finance lease liability	( 112 )		( 100 )
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings	901		—
Payments of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings	—		( 6,000 )

Payments of other long-term debt	( 2,000 )		( 2,500 )

Taxes paid relating to the release/lapse of restriction on RSUs	( 420 )		( 524 )
Dividends paid	( 10,100 )		( 7,645 )


Repurchase of common stock	( 1,753 )		—
Net cash used in financing activities	$	( 106,628 )	$	( 14,319 )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	( 35,450 )	$	19,841
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	204,895		81,727
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	169,445	$	101,568

Table of Contents


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(unaudited) (in thousands)	2025		2024
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	54,113	$	64,584
Cash paid during the period for income taxes, net of refunds	—		2,317
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of loans to foreclosed assets, net	$	323	$	2,461
Transfer of loans held for investment to loans held for sale	11,040		—



Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities from acquisition:
Non-cash assets acquired:
Investment securities	$	—	$	52,493
Total loans held for investment, net	—		207,095
Premises and equipment	—		11,091
Assets held for sale	—		2,379
Goodwill	—		8,641
Core deposit intangible	—		7,100

Other assets	—		4,987
Total non-cash assets acquired	$	—	$	293,786
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits	$	—	$	224,248
Short-term borrowings	—		37,500

Other liabilities	—		3,417
Total liabilities assumed	$	—	$	265,165
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities from divestiture:
Non-cash assets divested:
Total loans held for investment, net	$	—	$	161,359
Premises and equipment	—		3,511
Goodwill	—		1,730
Other assets	—		375
Total non-cash assets divested	$	—	$	166,975
Liabilities divested:
Deposits	$	—	$	133,296
Other liabilities	—		231
Total liabilities divested	$	—	$	133,527

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

MidWest One Financial Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

The Company, an Iowa corporation formed in 1983, is a bank holding company under the BHCA and a financial holding company under the GLBA. Our principal executive offices are located at 102 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, Iowa 52240.

The Company owns all of the outstanding common stock of MidWest One Bank, an Iowa state non-member bank chartered in 1934 with its main office in Iowa City, Iowa. We operate primarily through MidWest One Bank, our bank subsidiary.

On January 31, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of DNVB, a bank holding company whose wholly-owned banking subsidiary was BOD. Immediately following completion of the acquisition, BOD was merged with and into the Bank. As consideration for the merger, the Company paid cash in the amount of $ 32.6 million.

On June 7, 2024, MidWest One Bank completed the sale of its Florida banking operations for a 7.5 % deposit premium, which consisted of one MidWest One Bank branch in each of Naples and Ft. Myers, Florida.

In the first quarter of 2025, MidWest One Bank reclassified $ 11.0 million of credit card receivables to loans held for sale. The sale is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Accordingly, certain disclosures accompanying annual consolidated financial statements are omitted. In the opinion of management, all significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated and adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals and considered necessary for the fair presentation of financial statements for the interim periods, have been included. The current period's results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that ultimately may be achieved for the year. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect: (1) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (2) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and (3) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available to management at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 may not be indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2025, or for any other period.

All significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the quarterly financial statements are disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025.

Segment Reporting

The Company’s activities are considered to be one reportable segment for financial reporting purposes. The Company is engaged in the business of commercial and retail banking and trust and investment management services with operations throughout central and eastern Iowa, the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area, southwestern Wisconsin, and Denver, Colorado. Substantially all income is derived from a diverse base of commercial, mortgage and retail lending activities, and investments.

Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards

Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at June 30, 2025

On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, which was updated in ASU 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). This ASU requires disclosure of additional

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information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements. This ASU does not change or remove current expense disclosure requirements, but does affect where this information appears in the notes to the financial statements. The amendments are effective for the first fiscal year period beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The amendments should be applied on a prospective or a retrospective basis, with an option to early adopt. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 and ASU 2025-01.

On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures . Additional transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information, will be required. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with an option to early adopt. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application being permitted. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

2. Business Combinations and Divestitures

Business Combinations:

On January 31, 2024, the Company acquired 100 % of the equity of DNVB through a merger and acquired its wholly-owned banking subsidiary, Bank of Denver, for cash consideration of $ 32.6 million. The primary reason for the acquisition was to increase our presence in Denver, Colorado. Immediately following the completion of the acquisition, BOD was merged with and into the Bank.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The assets and liabilities, both tangible and intangible, were recorded at their fair values as of the January 31, 2024 acquisition date, net of any applicable tax effects using a methodology similar to the Company's legacy assets and liabilities (refer to Note 14. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements for additional information regarding the fair value methodology). The excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. This goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The revenue and earnings amount specific to DNVB since the acquisition date that are included in the consolidated results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not readily determinable. The disclosures of these amounts are impracticable due to the merging of certain processes and systems at the acquisition date.

The table below summarizes the amounts recognized as of the acquisition date for each major class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:


(in thousands)	January 31, 2024

Merger consideration
Cash consideration	$	32,600
Identifiable net assets acquired, at fair value
Assets acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	462
Interest earning deposits in banks	3,517
Debt securities	52,493
Loans held for investment	207,095
Premises and equipment	12,857
Core deposit intangible	7,100
Other assets	5,200
Total assets acquired	288,724
Liabilities assumed
Deposits	$	( 224,248 )
Short-term borrowings	( 37,500 )
Other liabilities	( 3,417 )
Total liabilities assumed	( 265,165 )
Identifiable net assets acquired, at fair value	23,559
Goodwill	$	9,041

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For illustrative purposes only, the following table presents certain unaudited pro forma information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. This unaudited, estimated pro forma information was calculated as if DNVB had been acquired as of the beginning of the year prior to the date of acquisition. This unaudited pro forma information combines the historical results of DNVB and the Company and includes adjustments for the estimated impact of certain fair value purchase accounting, interest expense, acquisition-related expenses, and income tax expense for the respective periods. The pro forma information is not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the year prior to the acquisition. Additionally, the Company expects to achieve further operating cost savings and other business synergies, including revenue growth as a result of the acquisition, which are not reflected in the pro forma amounts that follow. As a result, actual amounts would have differed from the unaudited pro forma information presented.


	Unaudited
	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	June 30,			June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)		2024			2024
Total revenues		$	57,791		$	103,075
Net income		$	16,407		$	22,812
EPS - basic		$	1.04		$	1.45
EPS - diluted		$	1.04		$	1.45

Divestitures:

On June 7, 2024, the Bank completed the sale of its Florida banking operations for a 7.5 % deposit premium, which consisted of one bank branch in each of Naples and Ft. Myers, Florida. The sale of our Florida banking operations resulted in a gain on sale of $ 10.9 million that was recorded in other revenue.

The following is a summary of the assets and liabilities related to the branch sale:


(in thousands)	June 7, 2024

Assets
Cash and due from banks		$	353
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income		163,302
Allowance for credit losses		( 1,943 )
Total loans held for investment, net		161,359
Premises and equipment		3,511
Goodwill		1,730
Other assets		375
Total assets		$	167,328
Liabilities
Deposits		$	133,403
Other liabilities		231
Total liabilities		$	133,634

The following table summarizes acquisition and divestiture-related expenses incurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, which are included in the respective income statement line items, for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	$	—	$	73	$	—	$	314
Occupancy expense of premises, net	—		—		—		152
Equipment	—		28		—		177
Legal and professional	—		462		40		1,035
Data processing	—		251		—		312
Marketing	—		—		—		32
Communications	—		8		—		9
Other	—		32		—		137
Total acquisition and divestiture-related expenses	$	—	$	854	$	40	$	2,168

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3. Debt Securities

The following tables summarize the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and the resulting fair value of debt securities AFS as of the dates indicated:


	As of June 30, 2025
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Loss related to Debt Securities		Fair Value

U.S. treasuries	$	35,879	$	4	$	2	$	—	$	35,881
U.S. government agencies and corporations	15,014		41		41		—		15,014
State and political subdivisions	149,189		1		23,335		—		125,855
Mortgage-backed securities	308,406		1,332		3,894		—		305,844
Collateralized loan obligations	33,697		100		8		—		33,789
Collateralized mortgage obligations	649,057		1,413		44,506		—		605,964
Corporate debt securities	121,541		43		8,886		—		112,698
Total available for sale debt securities	$	1,312,783	$	2,934	$	80,672	$	—	$	1,235,045


	As of December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Loss related to Debt Securities		Fair Value

U.S. treasuries	$	50,371	$	28	$	—	$	—	$	50,399
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	10,000		—		59		—		9,941
State and political subdivisions	159,293		2		23,575		—		135,720
Mortgage-backed securities	331,956		6		8,523		—		323,439
Collateralized loan obligations	48,747		148		26		—		48,869
Collateralized mortgage obligations	702,138		83		56,112		—		646,109
Corporate debt securities	124,495		86		10,625		—		113,956
Total available for sale debt securities	$	1,427,000	$	353	$	98,920	$	—	$	1,328,433

Investment securities with a fair value of $ 433.5 million and $ 485.3 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged on public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes, as required or permitted by law.

Accrued interest receivable on debt securities AFS is recorded within 'Other Assets,' and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the accrued interest receivable on debt securities AFS was $ 5.4 million and $ 5.8 million, respectively.

The following table presents debt securities AFS in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses had not been recorded as of June 30, 2025, aggregated by investment category and length of time in a continuous loss position:


		As of June 30, 2025
	Number of Securities	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
(in thousands, except number of securities)
U.S. Treasury securities	3	$	18,896	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	18,896	$	2
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	1	9,959		41		—		—		9,959		41
State and political subdivisions	112	300		—		121,104		23,335		121,404		23,335
Mortgage-backed securities	23	155,832		846		13,430		3,048		169,262		3,894
Collateralized loan obligations	2	11,685		—		2,100		8		13,785		8
Collateralized mortgage obligations	42	127,958		763		181,220		43,743		309,178		44,506
Corporate debt securities	81	746		4		101,990		8,882		102,736		8,886
Total	264	$	325,376	$	1,656	$	419,844	$	79,016	$	745,220	$	80,672

As of June 30, 2025, 3 U.S. treasury securities and 1 U.S. government agencies and corporations security with total unrealized losses of $ 43 thousand were held by the Company. Management considered the explicit or implied U.S. treasury and U.S. government guarantee of these securities. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.

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As of June 30, 2025, 112 state and political subdivisions securities with total unrealized losses of $ 23.3 million were held by the Company. Management evaluated these securities through a process that included consideration of credit agency ratings and payment history. In addition, management evaluated securities by considering the yield spread to treasury securities and the most recent financial information available. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.

As of June 30, 2025, 23 mortgage-backed securities and 42 collateralized mortgage obligations with unrealized losses totaling $ 48.4 million were held by the Company. Management evaluated the payment history of these securities, and considered the implied U.S. government guarantee of these agency securities and the level of credit enhancement for non-agency securities. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.

As of June 30, 2025, 2 collateralized loan obligations with unrealized losses of $ 8 thousand were held by the Company. Management evaluated these securities through a process that included consideration of credit agency ratings, priority of cash flows and the amount of over-collateralization. In addition, management may evaluate securities by considering the yield spread to treasury securities and the most recent financial information available. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.

As of June 30, 2025, 81 corporate debt securities with total unrealized losses of $ 8.9 million were held by the Company. Management evaluated these securities by considering credit agency ratings and payment history. In addition, management evaluated securities by considering the yield spread to treasury securities and the most recent financial information available. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.

The following table presents debt securities AFS in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses had not been recorded as of December 31, 2024, aggregated by investment category and length of time in a continuous loss position:


		As of December 31, 2024
	Number of Securities	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
(in thousands, except number of securities)
U.S. government agencies and corporations	1	$	9,941	$	59	$	—	$	—	$	9,941	$	59
State and political subdivisions	121	839		11		127,094		23,564		127,933		23,575
Mortgage-backed securities	48	305,140		5,091		17,699		3,432		322,839		8,523
Collateralized loan obligations	2	5,014		13		2,133		13		7,147		26
Collateralized mortgage obligations	56	432,201		7,196		186,883		48,916		619,084		56,112
Corporate debt securities	83	—		—		103,496		10,625		103,496		10,625
Total	311	$	753,135	$	12,370	$	437,305	$	86,550	$	1,190,440	$	98,920

Proceeds and gross realized gains and losses on debt securities AFS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, were as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	52,323


Gross realized losses from sales of debt securities available for sale (1)	—		—		—		—
Net realized loss from sales of debt securities available for sale (1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1) There was no difference in investment securities (losses) gains, net reported herein as compared to the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended June 30, 2025, while the difference in investment securities (losses) gains, net for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is associated with the net realized gain from the call of debt securities of $ 33 thousand. The difference in investment securities (losses) gains, net reported herein as compared to the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 is associated with the net realized gain from the call of debt securities of $ 33 thousand and $ 69 thousand, respectively.

The contractual maturity distribution of debt securities AFS at June 30, 2025 is shown below. Expected maturities of MBS, CLO and CMO may differ from contractual maturities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or prepaid without any penalties. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following summary.

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(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	39,096	$	39,057
Due after one year through five years	59,692		58,255
Due after five years through ten years	180,172		158,718
Due after ten years	42,663		33,418
	$	321,623	$	289,448
Mortgage-backed securities	308,406		305,844
Collateralized loan obligations	33,697		33,789
Collateralized mortgage obligations	649,057		605,964
Total	$	1,312,783	$	1,235,045

4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses

The composition of loans by class of receivable was as follows:



(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2025		As of December 31, 2024
Agricultural	$	128,717	$	119,051
Commercial and industrial	1,226,265		1,126,813
Commercial real estate:
Construction & development	280,918		324,896
Farmland	186,494		182,460
Multifamily	438,193		423,157
Commercial real estate-other	1,407,469		1,414,168
Total commercial real estate	2,313,074		2,344,681
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	467,970		477,150
One- to four- family junior liens	188,671		179,232
Total residential real estate	656,641		656,382
Consumer	56,491		68,700
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income	4,381,188		4,315,627
Allowance for credit losses	( 65,800 )		( 55,200 )
Total loans held for investment, net	$	4,315,388	$	4,260,427

Loans with unpaid principal in the amount of $ 1.09 billion and $ 1.19 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged to the FHLB as collateral for borrowings.

Non-accrual and Delinquent Status

Loans are placed on non-accrual status when (1) payment in full of principal and interest is no longer expected or (2) principal or interest has been in default for 90 days or more for all loan types, except owner occupied residential real estate, which are moved to non-accrual at 120 days or more past due, unless the loan is both well secured with marketable collateral and in the process of collection. All loans rated doubtful or worse, and certain loans rated substandard, are placed on non-accrual.

A non-accrual loan may be restored to accrual status when (1) all past due principal and interest has been paid (excluding renewals and modifications that involve the capitalizing of interest) or (2) the loan becomes well secured with marketable collateral and is in the process of collection. An established track record of performance is also considered when determining accrual status.

Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement or any portion thereof remains unpaid after the due date of the scheduled payment.

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The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans based on delinquency status at the dates indicated:


			Age Analysis of Past-Due Financial Assets								90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing
(in thousands)	Current		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total
June 30, 2025
Agricultural	$	128,406	$	126	$	—	$	185	$	128,717	$	—
Commercial and industrial	1,223,880		336		21		2,028		1,226,265		—
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	280,558		360		—		—		280,918		—
Farmland	186,116		97		—		281		186,494		—
Multifamily	437,936		257		—		—		438,193		—
Commercial real estate-other	1,375,999		2,613		2,346		26,511		1,407,469		—
Total commercial real estate	2,280,609		3,327		2,346		26,792		2,313,074		—
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	460,302		4,218		1,450		2,000		467,970		390
One- to four- family junior liens	187,473		748		237		213		188,671		4
Total residential real estate	647,775		4,966		1,687		2,213		656,641		394
Consumer	55,975		301		105		110		56,491		77
Total	$	4,336,645	$	9,056	$	4,159	$	31,328	$	4,381,188	$	471























			Age Analysis of Past-Due Financial Assets								90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing
(in thousands)	Current		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total
December 31, 2024
Agricultural	$	118,659	$	—	$	—	$	392	$	119,051	$	—
Commercial and industrial	1,122,382		918		651		2,862		1,126,813		—
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	324,896		—		—		—		324,896		—
Farmland	182,025		71		—		364		182,460		—
Multifamily	423,157		—		—		—		423,157		—
Commercial real estate-other	1,405,377		2,806		26		5,959		1,414,168		—
Total commercial real estate	2,335,455		2,877		26		6,323		2,344,681		—
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	470,300		2,770		1,680		2,400		477,150		49
One- to four- family junior liens	178,225		580		98		329		179,232		6
Total residential real estate	648,525		3,350		1,778		2,729		656,382		55
Consumer	68,232		239		142		87		68,700		87
Total	$	4,293,253	$	7,384	$	2,597	$	12,393	$	4,315,627	$	142

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The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status, amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status with no allowance for credit losses recorded, and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan at the dates presented:


	Nonaccrual				Nonaccrual with no Allowance for Credit Losses				90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing
(in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

Agricultural	$	238	$	447	$	—	$	208	$	—	$	—
Commercial and industrial	2,453		2,986		147		1		—		—
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	—		27		—		—		—		—
Farmland	280		483		269		352		—		—
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate-other	29,614		12,982		1,795		623		—		—
Total commercial real estate	29,894		13,492		2,064		975		—		—
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	3,266		3,667		1,314		1,748		390		49
One- to four- family junior liens	768		1,015		110		378		4		6
Total residential real estate	4,034		4,682		1,424		2,126		394		55
Consumer	102		98		13		—		77		87
Total	$	36,721	$	21,705	$	3,648	$	3,310	$	471	$	142

There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, as all interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income and is generally accounted for using the cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. The interest income recognized on loans that were on nonaccrual and had subsequently been paid-off for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 was $ 119 thousand and $ 123 thousand, respectively. The interest income recognized on loans that were on nonaccrual and had subsequently been paid-off for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 was $ 126 thousand and $ 252 thousand, respectively.

Credit Quality Information

The Company aggregates loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes non-homogenous loans, such as agricultural, commercial and industrial, commercial real estate and non-owner occupied residential real estate loans. Loans not meeting the criteria described below that are analyzed individually are considered to be pass-rated. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Special Mention - A special mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard - Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

Homogenous loans, including owner occupied residential real estate and consumer loans, are not individually risk rated. Instead, these loans are categorized based on performance: performing and nonperforming. Nonperforming loans include those loans on nonaccrual and loans greater than 90 days past due and on accrual.

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The following tables set forth the amortized cost basis of loans by class of receivable by credit quality indicator and vintage, in addition to the current period gross write-offs by class of receivable and vintage, based on the most recent analysis performed, as of June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, there were no 'doubtful' or 'loss' rated credits.


	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans
June 30, 2025 (in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior				Total
Agricultural
Pass	$	10,841	$	7,323	$	5,979	$	6,827	$	4,295	$	2,480	$	84,815		$	122,560
Special mention	1,427		434		113		132		182		19		3,124			5,431
Substandard	—		126		35		—		236		185		144			726

Total	$	12,268	$	7,883	$	6,127	$	6,959	$	4,713	$	2,684	$	88,083		$	128,717



Commercial and industrial
Pass	$	155,794	$	98,204	$	131,322	$	150,569	$	154,758	$	220,537	$	237,109		$	1,148,293
Special mention	141		5,844		2,025		8,560		5,021		5,930		3,502			31,023
Substandard	245		3,331		1,269		16,017		589		16,742		8,756			46,949

Total	$	156,180	$	107,379	$	134,616	$	175,146	$	160,368	$	243,209	$	249,367		$	1,226,265



CRE - Construction and development
Pass	$	65,957	$	74,305	$	65,650	$	50,521	$	12,132	$	4,350	$	7,865		$	280,780
Special mention	—		138		—		—		—		—		—			138
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—

Total	$	65,957	$	74,443	$	65,650	$	50,521	$	12,132	$	4,350	$	7,865		$	280,918



CRE - Farmland
Pass	$	26,299	$	24,353	$	21,812	$	36,230	$	37,515	$	27,766	$	2,829		$	176,804
Special mention	—		1,904		—		465		1,178		2,827		—			6,374
Substandard	1,416		—		139		1,066		566		129		—			3,316

Total	$	27,715	$	26,257	$	21,951	$	37,761	$	39,259	$	30,722	$	2,829		$	186,494



CRE - Multifamily
Pass	$	45,770	$	19,075	$	107,473	$	61,511	$	102,056	$	83,219	$	2,944		$	422,048
Special mention	12,129		49		1,026		1,210		256		1,475		—			16,145
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—

Total	$	57,899	$	19,124	$	108,499	$	62,721	$	102,312	$	84,694	$	2,944		$	438,193



CRE - Other
Pass	$	95,050	$	171,130	$	164,394	$	300,719	$	234,904	$	280,825	$	58,937		$	1,305,959
Special mention	13,432		2,357		826		4,480		2,805		6,870		3,023			33,793
Substandard	1,110		5,129		8,235		36,017		2,754		14,199		273			67,717

Total	$	109,592	$	178,616	$	173,455	$	341,216	$	240,463	$	301,894	$	62,233		$	1,407,469




RRE - One- to four- family first liens
Pass / Performing	$	29,022	$	54,863	$	48,244	$	115,809	$	82,819	$	110,352	$	14,181		$	455,290
Special mention	245		164		1,205		2,816		213		1,451		—			6,094
Substandard / Nonperforming	—		—		1,142		1,266		1,182		2,996		—			6,586

Total	$	29,267	$	55,027	$	50,591	$	119,891	$	84,214	$	114,799	$	14,181		$	467,970







RRE - One- to four- family junior liens
Performing	$	5,272	$	8,264	$	14,363	$	19,722	$	13,449	$	11,794	$	114,474		$	187,338
Nonperforming	—		131		211		647		79		265		—			1,333
Total	$	5,272	$	8,395	$	14,574	$	20,369	$	13,528	$	12,059	$	114,474		$	188,671



Consumer
Performing	$	10,511	$	10,730	$	13,273	$	7,855	$	4,292	$	2,550	$	7,102		$	56,313
Nonperforming	—		29		93		40		—		16		—			178
Total	$	10,511	$	10,759	$	13,366	$	7,895	$	4,292	$	2,566	$	7,102		$	56,491

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	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans
June 30, 2025 (in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior				Total
Total by Credit Quality Indicator Category
Pass	$	428,733	$	449,253	$	544,874	$	722,186	$	628,479	$	729,529	$	408,680		$	3,911,734
Special mention	27,374		10,890		5,195		17,663		9,655		18,572		9,649			98,998
Substandard	2,771		8,586		10,820		54,366		5,327		34,251		9,173			125,294

Performing	15,783		18,994		27,636		27,577		17,741		14,344		121,576			243,651
Nonperforming	—		160		304		687		79		281		—			1,511
Total	$	474,661	$	487,883	$	588,829	$	822,479	$	661,281	$	796,977	$	549,078		$	4,381,188

	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans
June 30, 2025 (in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior				Total
Year-to-date Current Period Gross Write-offs
Agricultural	$	—	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	27
Commercial and industrial	—		59		45		82		—		—		—			186



CRE - Other	—		—		—		—		—		2,636		—			2,636
RRE - One-to-four-family first liens	—		—		—		—		17		14		—			31
RRE - One-to-four-family junior liens	—		—		—		25		—		16		—			41
Consumer	—		289		186		176		4		20		—			675
Total Current Period Gross Write-offs	$	—	$	375	$	231	$	283	$	21	$	2,686	$	—		$	3,596

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The following tables set forth the amortized cost basis of loans by class of receivable by credit quality indicator and vintage based on the most recent analysis performed, as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, there were no 'doubtful' or 'loss' rated credits.


	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans
December 31, 2024 (in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior				Total
Agricultural


Pass	$	13,364	$	7,533	$	8,405	$	5,452	$	1,772	$	1,131	$	78,123		115,780
Special mention	234		186		152		224		—		28		761			1,585
Substandard	30		—		209		109		211		185		942			1,686

Total	$	13,628	$	7,719	$	8,766	$	5,785	$	1,983	$	1,344	$	79,826		$	119,051
Commercial and industrial


Pass	$	132,974	$	150,944	$	168,448	$	165,044	$	95,206	$	121,761	$	211,223		$	1,045,600
Special mention	6,262		2,306		24,261		3,121		5,042		2,202		8,856			52,050
Substandard	864		545		1,859		2,977		39		20,596		2,283			29,163

Total	$	140,100	$	153,795	$	194,568	$	171,142	$	100,287	$	144,559	$	222,362		$	1,126,813
CRE - Construction and development


Pass	$	97,609	$	137,742	$	65,684	$	12,571	$	2,994	$	1,972	$	6,101		$	324,673
Special mention	—		—		27		—		—		—		—			27
Substandard	196		—		—		—		—		—		—			196

Total	$	97,805	$	137,742	$	65,711	$	12,571	$	2,994	$	1,972	$	6,101		$	324,896
CRE - Farmland


Pass	$	31,398	$	22,842	$	39,300	$	39,489	$	18,802	$	13,259	$	5,594		$	170,684
Special mention	1,684		—		2,350		960		495		1,001		478			6,968
Substandard	561		516		355		585		1,131		1,660		—			4,808

Total	$	33,643	$	23,358	$	42,005	$	41,034	$	20,428	$	15,920	$	6,072		$	182,460
CRE - Multifamily


Pass	$	32,274	$	70,843	$	99,228	$	104,206	$	82,750	$	18,663	$	122		$	408,086
Special mention	78		1,031		448		260		1,444		11,810		—			15,071
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—

Total	$	32,352	$	71,874	$	99,676	$	104,466	$	84,194	$	30,473	$	122		$	423,157
CRE - Other


Pass	$	192,608	$	145,595	$	322,545	$	232,349	$	191,697	$	134,798	$	60,681		$	1,280,273
Special mention	1,902		8,546		19,573		18,577		4,702		5,129		8,350			66,779
Substandard	4,517		86		24,314		1,242		17,792		19,165		—			67,116

Total	$	199,027	$	154,227	$	366,432	$	252,168	$	214,191	$	159,092	$	69,031		$	1,414,168
RRE - One- to four- family first liens
Pass / Performing	$	60,765	$	53,273	$	121,536	$	88,067	$	45,026	$	82,679	$	13,187		$	464,533
Special mention	588		1,123		1,944		197		593		991		546			5,982
Substandard / Nonperforming	—		1,302		1,019		690		102		3,522		—			6,635

Total	$	61,353	$	55,698	$	124,499	$	88,954	$	45,721	$	87,192	$	13,733		$	477,150
RRE - One- to four- family junior liens
Performing	$	10,503	$	16,894	$	22,506	$	14,906	$	6,237	$	7,481	$	99,690		$	178,217
Nonperforming	—		—		701		69		—		245		—			1,015
Total	$	10,503	$	16,894	$	23,207	$	14,975	$	6,237	$	7,726	$	99,690		$	179,232
Consumer
Performing	$	17,808	$	19,253	$	10,262	$	5,877	$	2,035	$	7,612	$	5,668		$	68,515
Nonperforming	11		63		90		—		21		—		—			185
Total	$	17,819	$	19,316	$	10,352	$	5,877	$	2,056	$	7,612	$	5,668		$	68,700

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	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans
December 31, 2024 (in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior				Total
Total by Credit Quality Indicator Category


Pass	$	560,992	$	588,772	$	825,146	$	647,178	$	438,247	$	374,263	$	375,031		$	3,809,629
Special mention	10,748		13,192		48,755		23,339		12,276		21,161		18,991			148,462
Substandard	6,168		2,449		27,756		5,603		19,275		45,128		3,225			109,604

Performing	28,311		36,147		32,768		20,783		8,272		15,093		105,358			246,732
Nonperforming	11		63		791		69		21		245		—			1,200
Total	$	606,230	$	640,623	$	935,216	$	696,972	$	478,091	$	455,890	$	502,605		$	4,315,627

	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans
December 31, 2024 (in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior				Total
Year-to-date Current Period Gross Write-offs
Agricultural	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	48	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	48
Commercial and industrial	—		59		327		145		29		1,658		—			2,218



CRE - Other	836		—		—		—		—		243		—			1,079
RRE - One-to-four-family first liens	—		—		53		22		—		—		—			75

Consumer	23		839		413		11		4		69		—			1,359
Total Current Period Gross Write-offs	$	859	$	898	$	793	$	226	$	33	$	1,970	$	—		$	4,779

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following are the economic factors utilized by the Company for its loan credit loss estimation process at June 30, 2025, and the forecast for each factor at that date: (1) national unemployment - increases over the next four forecasted quarters; (2) year-to-year change in national retail sales - increases over the next four forecasted quarters; (3) year-to-year change in CRE index - increases over the next two forecasted quarters, with decreases in the third and fourth forecasted quarters; and (4) year-to-year change in U.S. GDP - increases over the next four forecasted quarters. In addition, management utilized qualitative factors to adjust the calculated ACL as appropriate. Qualitative factors are based on management’s judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.

The ACL as of June 30, 2025 was $ 65.8 million, an increase from $ 55.2 million at December 31, 2024. The increase reflected credit loss expense of $ 13.6 million during the first six months of 2025, which primarily reflected the specific reserve established in connection with a single CRE office credit. Also reflected in the ACL were net loan charge-offs of $ 0.2 million and $ 3.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to net loan charge-offs of $ 0.5 million and $ 0.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.

We have made a policy election to report interest receivable as a separate line on the balance sheet. Accrued interest receivable, which is recorded within 'Other Assets', totaled $ 20.0 million at June 30, 2025 and $ 20.2 million at December 31, 2024, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

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The changes in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment were as follows for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
(in thousands)	Agricultural		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Total
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Beginning balance	$	394	$	22,091	$	24,803	$	5,180	$	1,432	$	53,900

Charge-offs	( 27 )		( 83 )		( 1 )		( 33 )		( 297 )		( 441 )
Recoveries	1		27		170		9		45		252
Credit loss expense (1)	51		733		11,104		110		91		12,089
Ending balance	$	419	$	22,768	$	36,076	$	5,266	$	1,271	$	65,800

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Beginning balance	$	648	$	21,882	$	26,772	$	5,014	$	1,584	$	55,900
Allocated to banking office sale	—		( 51 )		( 1,795 )		( 94 )		( 3 )		( 1,943 )
Charge-offs	—		( 469 )		—		( 56 )		( 260 )		( 785 )
Recoveries	—		223		6		4		28		261
Credit loss expense (benefit) (1)	( 246 )		1,423		( 659 )		( 209 )		158		467
Ending balance	$	402	$	23,008	$	24,324	$	4,659	$	1,507	$	53,900
(1) The difference in the credit loss expense reported herein as compared to the Consolidated Statements of Income is associated with the credit loss benefit of $ 0.2 million and credit loss expense of $ 0.8 million related to off-balance sheet credit exposures for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
(in thousands)	Agricultural		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Total
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Beginning balance	$	249	$	21,040	$	27,641	$	4,929	$	1,341	$	55,200

Charge-offs	( 27 )		( 186 )		( 2,636 )		( 72 )		( 675 )		( 3,596 )
Recoveries	2		54		175		13		76		320
Credit loss expense (1)	195		1,860		10,896		396		529		13,876
Ending balance	$	419	$	22,768	$	36,076	$	5,266	$	1,271	$	65,800

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Beginning balance	$	613	$	21,743	$	23,759	$	4,762	$	623	$	51,500
Allocated to banking office sale	—		( 51 )		( 1,795 )		( 94 )		( 3 )		( 1,943 )
Charge-offs	( 4 )		( 768 )		( 35 )		( 75 )		( 550 )		( 1,432 )
Recoveries	355		269		14		13		68		719
Credit loss expense (benefit) (1)	( 562 )		1,815		2,381		53		1,369		5,056
Ending balance	$	402	$	23,008	$	24,324	$	4,659	$	1,507	$	53,900
(1) The difference in the credit loss expense reported herein as compared to the Consolidated Statements of Income is associated with the credit loss benefit of $ 0.3 million related to off-balance sheet credit exposure for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and $ 0.9 million of expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

The composition of the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment based on evaluation method was as follows:


	As of June 30, 2025
(in thousands)	Agricultural		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Total
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	1,741	$	31,270	$	2,008	$	31	$	35,050
Collectively evaluated for impairment	128,717		1,224,524		2,281,804		654,633		56,460		4,346,138
Total	$	128,717	$	1,226,265	$	2,313,074	$	656,641	$	56,491	$	4,381,188
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	436	$	14,696	$	216	$	7	$	15,355
Collectively evaluated for impairment	419		22,332		21,380		5,050		1,264		50,445
Total	$	419	$	22,768	$	36,076	$	5,266	$	1,271	$	65,800

Table of Contents


	As of December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Agricultural		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Total
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	208	$	2,488	$	15,334	$	2,710	$	21	$	20,761
Collectively evaluated for impairment	118,843		1,124,325		2,329,347		653,672		68,679		4,294,866

Total	$	119,051	$	1,126,813	$	2,344,681	$	656,382	$	68,700	$	4,315,627
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	406	$	4,011	$	164	$	8	$	4,589
Collectively evaluated for impairment	249		20,634		23,630		4,765		1,333		50,611

Total	$	249	$	21,040	$	27,641	$	4,929	$	1,341	$	55,200

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, by the primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans:


	As of June 30, 2025
	Primary Type of Collateral
(in thousands)	Real Estate		Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation

Commercial and industrial	$	1,215	$	358	$	168	$	1,741	$	436
Commercial real estate:

Farmland	2,123		—		—		2,123		—

Commercial real estate-other	29,147		—		—		29,147		14,696
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	1,756		—		—		1,756		135
One- to four- family junior liens	252		—		—		252		81
Consumer	—		31		—		31		7
Total	$	34,493	$	389	$	168	$	35,050	$	15,355


	As of December 31, 2024
	Primary Type of Collateral
(in thousands)	Real Estate		Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation
Agricultural	$	208	$	—	$	—	$	208	$	—
Commercial and industrial	203		—		2,285		2,488		406
Commercial real estate:

Farmland	2,449		70		—		2,519		—

Commercial real estate-other	12,815		—		—		12,815		4,011
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	2,189		—		—		2,189		79
One- to four- family junior liens	521		—		—		521		85
Consumer	—		21		—		21		8
Total	$	18,385	$	91	$	2,285	$	20,761	$	4,589

Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Occasionally, the Company may modify loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of principal forgiveness, term extension, other-than-insignificant payment delays, interest rate reduction, or a combination thereof.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans as of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 and experiencing financial difficulty at the time of the modification by class and by type of modification:

Table of Contents


	For the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
									Combination:
(in thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension & Interest Rate Reduction		Principal Forgiveness & Term Extension		Payment Delay & Term Extension		Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, & Payment Delay		Total Class of Financing Receivable
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Agricultural	$	—	$	—	$	70	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	0.05	%
Commercial and industrial	—		138		602		—		—		—		80		—		0.07	%

CRE - Farmland	—		—		102		—		—		—		—		—		0.05	%

CRE - Other	—		1,097		390		—		—		—		809		—		0.16	%
RRE - One- to four- family first liens	—		—		—		—		—		—		292		—		0.06	%


Total	$	—	$	1,235	$	1,164	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,181	$	—

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Agricultural	$	—	$	—	$	123	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	0.10	%
Commercial and industrial	—		138		1,047		—		18		—		80		—		0.10	%

CRE - Farmland	—		—		473		—		—		—		—		—		0.25	%

CRE - Other	—		1,097		575		—		—		—		809		—		0.18	%
RRE - One- to four- family first liens	—		—		—		—		—		—		292		—		0.06	%


Total	$	—	$	1,235	$	2,218	$	—	$	18	$	—	$	1,181	$	—


	For the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
									Combination:
(in thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension & Interest Rate Reduction		Principal Forgiveness & Term Extension		Payment Delay & Term Extension		Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, & Payment Delay		Total Class of Financing Receivable
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	78	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	0.01	%
CRE - Construction and development	—		—		231		—		—		—		—		—		0.07	%
CRE - Farmland	—		—		381		—		—		—		—		—		0.21	%

CRE - Other	—		—		4,910		—		—		—		—		—		0.36	%
RRE - One- to four- family first liens	—		—		393		—		—		—		—		—		0.08	%


Total	$	—	$	—	$	5,993	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	453	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	0.04	%
CRE - Construction and development	—		—		231		—		—		—		—		—		0.07	%
CRE - Farmland	—		—		381		—		—		—		—		—		0.21	%

CRE - Other	—		—		5,107		—		—		—		—		—		0.38	%
RRE - One- to four- family first liens	—		252		393		—		—		—		—		—		0.13	%
RRE - One- to four- family junior liens	—		—		136		—		—		—		—		—		0.08	%

Total	$	—	$	252	$	6,701	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The Company had no additional commitments to lend amounts to the borrowers included in the previous tables as of June 30, 2025 and $ 5 thousand in such commitments as of June 30, 2024. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company had 9 modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that redefaulted within 12 months subsequent to the modification. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company had 2 modified loans totaling $ 0.6 million and 8 modified loans totaling $ 0.9 million, respectively, to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that redefaulted within 12 months subsequent to the modification.

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The following tables present the performance based upon delinquency status, as of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, of loans that were modified while the borrower was experiencing financial difficulty and modified in the last 12 months:


	As of June 30, 2025
(in thousands)	Current		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total
Agricultural	$	123	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	123
Commercial and industrial	1,351		50		18		81		1,500

CRE - Farmland	473		—		—		—		473

CRE - Other	6,240		—		—		—		6,240
RRE - One- to four- family first liens	380		—		—		—		380

Consumer	—		10		—		—		10
Total	$	8,567	$	60	$	18	$	81	$	8,726

	As of June 30, 2024
(in thousands)	Current		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total

Commercial and industrial	$	522	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	522
CRE - Construction and development	312		—		231		—		543
CRE - Farmland	381		—		—		352		733

CRE - Other	10,662		—		—		—		10,662
RRE - One- to four- family first liens	645		—		—		—		645
RRE - One- to four- family junior liens	149		—		—		—		149

Total	$	12,671	$	—	$	231	$	352	$	13,254

The following tables present the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024:


(in thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted Average Term Extension (Months)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Agricultural	$	—	—	%	2.00
Commercial and industrial	—		—		12.2

CRE - Farmland	—		—		24.5

CRE - Other	—		—		17.5
RRE - One- to four- family first liens	—		—		175.4


Total	$	—	—	%	35.5

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Agricultural	$	—	—	%	2.4
Commercial and industrial	—		—		9.0

CRE - Farmland	—		—		57.7

CRE - Other	—		—		16.7
RRE - One- to four- family first liens	—		—		175.4


Total	$	—	—	%	32.1

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(in thousands)	Principal Forgiveness		Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted Average Term Extension (Months)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

Commercial and industrial	$	—	—	%	26.0
CRE - Construction and development	—		—		0.8
CRE - Farmland	—		—		5.4

CRE - Other	—		—		7.1
RRE - One- to four- family first liens	—		—		210.1


Total	$	—	—	%	20.4

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Commercial and industrial	$	—	—	%	8.1
CRE - Construction and development	—		—		0.8
CRE - Farmland	—		—		5.4

CRE - Other	—		—		7.1
RRE - One- to four- family first liens	—		—		210.1
RRE - One- to four- family junior liens	—		—		122.0

Total	$	—	—	%	21.1

5. Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Balance Sheet Offsetting

The following table presents the total notional amounts and gross fair values of the Company’s derivatives as of the dates indicated. The derivative asset and liability balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of master netting agreements, as included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of the Company's derivative instrument assets and liabilities are summarized as follows:


	As of June 30, 2025						As of December 31, 2024
	Notional Amount		Fair Value				Notional Amount		Fair Value
(in thousands)			Assets		Liabilities				Assets		Liabilities
Designated as hedging instruments:
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate swaps - loans	$	54,922	$	1,628	$	1,196	$	49,486	$	2,416	$	294
Interest rate swaps - securities	—		—		—		150,000		—		239
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps	150,000		251		78		200,000		813		26
Total	$	204,922	$	1,879	$	1,274	$	399,486	$	3,229	$	559

Not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	$	719,702	$	19,630	$	19,648	$	697,969	$	21,145	$	21,153
RPAs - participated out contracts	55,549		10		—		55,088		4		—
RPAs - participated in contracts	29,462		—		—		29,982		—		—
Interest rate lock commitments	2,414		48		—		912		10		—
Interest rate forward loan sales contracts	2,763		—		20		1,312		9		—
Total	$	809,890	$	19,688	$	19,668	$	785,263	$	21,168	$	21,153

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company uses derivative instruments to hedge its exposure to economic risks. Certain hedging relationships are formally designated and qualify for hedge accounting under GAAP as fair value or cash flow hedges.

Fair Value Hedges - Derivatives are designated as fair value hedges to limit the Company's exposure to changes in the fair value of assets or liabilities due to movements in interest rates. The Company entered into pay-fixed receive-floating interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value in certain fixed-rate assets, including AFS debt securities and loans. As of June 30, 2025, the Company no longer holds any pay-fixed receive-floating interest rate swaps on the securities portfolio as these swaps have matured and no new swaps have been entered into. The gain or loss on the loan fair value hedge derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income. The change in the fair value of the available for sale securities attributable to changes in the hedged risk was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income, as applicable, in the same period(s) to offset the changes in the fair value of the swap, which was also recognized in interest income.

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Cash Flow Hedges - Derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges in order to minimize the variability in cash flows of earning assets or forecasted transactions caused by movement in interest rates. The Company has previously entered into pay-fixed receive-floating interest rate swaps to hedge against adverse fluctuations in interest rates by reducing exposure to variability in cash flows relating to interest payments on the Company's variable rate debt, including brokered deposits. The gain or loss on the derivatives is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest expense, as applicable, in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. During the 12 months following June 30, 2025, the Company estimates that an additional $ 0.2 million of income will be reclassified into interest expense.

The table below presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:


	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income	Amount of Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income
	Three Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024			2025		2024
Interest rate swaps	$	144	$	778	Interest Expense	$	280	$	787

	Six Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024			2025		2024
Interest rate swaps	$	( 54 )	$	3,550	Interest Expense	$	559	$	1,575

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated:


	Location and Amount of Gain or Loss Recognized in Income on Hedging Relationships
	For the Three Months Ended June 30,								For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025				2024				2025				2024
(in thousands)	Interest Income		Other Income		Interest Income		Other Income		Interest Income		Other Income		Interest Income		Other Income
Income and expense included in the consolidated statements of income related to the effects of fair value hedges are recorded	$	110	$	—	$	483	$	—	$	122	$	—	$	891	$	—

The effects of fair value hedging:
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships in subtopic 815-20:
Interest contracts - loans:
Hedged items	497		—		( 233 )		—		1,698		—		( 997 )		—
Derivative designated as hedging instruments	( 337 )		—		507		—		( 1,382 )		—		1,530		—

Interest contracts - securities:
Hedged items	( 57 )		—		( 103 )		—		( 225 )		—		( 986 )		—
Derivative designated as hedging instruments	7		—		284		—		31		—		1,343		—

As of June 30, 2025, the following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:


Line Item in the Balance Sheet in Which the Hedged Item is Included	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Asset
(in thousands)
Loans	$	54,544	$	( 429 )

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Interest Rate Swaps - The Company periodically enters into commercial loan interest rate swap agreements in order to provide commercial loan customers with the ability to convert from variable to fixed interest rates. These derivative contracts relate to transactions in which the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a customer, while simultaneously entering into an offsetting interest rate swap with an institutional counterparty.

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Credit Risk Participation Agreements -The Company enters into RPAs to manage the credit exposure on interest rate contracts associated with a syndicated loan or participation agreement. The Company may enter into protection purchased RPAs with institutional counterparties to decrease or increase its exposure to a borrower. Under the RPA, the Company will receive or make payment if a borrower defaults on the related interest rate contract. The notional amount of the RPAs reflects the Company’s pro-rata share of the derivative instrument.

Interest Rate Forward Loan Sales Contracts & Interest Rate Lock Commitments - The Company enters into forward delivery contracts to sell residential mortgage loans at specific prices and dates in order to hedge the interest rate risk in its portfolio of mortgage loans held for sale and its residential mortgage interest rate lock commitments.

The following table presents the net gains (losses) recognized on the consolidated statements of income related to the derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the periods indicated:


	Location in the Consolidated Statements of Income	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)		2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest rate swaps	Other income	$	( 8 )	$	—	$	( 9 )	$	1
RPAs	Other income	4		2		5		7
Interest rate lock commitments	Loan revenue	( 9 )		( 28 )		39		( 1 )
Interest rate forward loan sales contracts	Loan revenue	( 7 )		21		( 29 )		36
Total		$	( 20 )	$	( 5 )	$	6	$	43

Offsetting of Derivatives

The Company has entered into agreements with certain counterparty financial institutions, which include master netting agreements. However, the Company has elected to account for all derivatives with counterparty financial institutions on a gross basis. The Company manages the risk of default by its borrower counterparties through its normal loan underwriting and credit monitoring policies and procedures.

The table below presents gross derivatives and the respective collateral received or pledged in the form of other financial instruments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, which are generally marketable securities and/or cash. The collateral amounts in the table below are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability (after netting is applied); thus instances of over-collateralization are not shown. Further, the net amounts of derivative assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that derivative assets and liabilities are presented on the consolidated balance sheets.


							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
(in thousands)	Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts presented in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received / Paid		Net Assets /Liabilities
As of June 30, 2025
Asset Derivatives	$	21,567	$	—	$	21,567	$	—	$	12,496	$	9,071
Liability Derivatives	20,942		—		20,942		—		5,460		15,482

As of December 31, 2024
Asset Derivatives	$	24,397	$	—	$	24,397	$	—	$	17,011	$	7,386
Liability Derivatives	21,712		—		21,712		—		110		21,602

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

The Company has an unsecured federal funds line with its institutional derivative counterparties. The Company has an agreement with its institutional derivative counterparties that contains a provision under which, if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including a default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has an agreement with its derivative counterparties that contains a provision under which the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the Company’s default on the indebtedness. As of June 30, 2025, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $ 9.3 million.

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6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill as of the dates indicated:


(in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

Goodwill, beginning of period	$	69,788	$	62,477
Established in acquisition	—		9,041
Allocated to divestiture	—		( 1,730 )

Total goodwill, end of period	$	69,788	$	69,788

As indicated in Note 2. Business Combinations , the Company acquired a core deposit intangible in connection with its acquisition of DNVB on January 31, 2024 with an estimated fair value of $ 7.1 million, which will be amortized over its estimated useful life of 10 years.

The following table presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization, and net carrying amount of other intangible assets as of the dates indicated:


	As of June 30, 2025						As of December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Core deposit intangible	$	65,345	$	( 50,026 )	$	15,319	$	65,345	$	( 47,388 )	$	17,957
Customer relationship intangible	5,265		( 5,265 )		—		5,265		( 5,243 )		22

	$	70,610	$	( 55,291 )	$	15,319	$	70,610	$	( 52,631 )	$	17,979
Indefinite-lived trade name intangible					7,040						7,040
Total other intangible assets, net					$	22,359					$	25,019

The following table provides the estimated future amortization expense for the remaining six months of the year ending December 31, 2025 and the succeeding annual periods:


(in thousands)	Core Deposit Intangible

2025	$	2,286
2026	3,840
2027	2,757
2028	2,110
2029	1,681
Thereafter	2,645
Total	$	15,319

7. Other Assets

The components of the Company's other assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:


(in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Bank-owned life insurance	$	98,814	$	99,810
Interest receivable	25,829		26,467
FHLB stock	5,184		5,156
Mortgage servicing rights	11,755		12,232
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	2,314		1,576
Federal and state income taxes, current	5,722		8,282
Federal and state income taxes, deferred	48,613		58,127
Derivative assets	21,567		24,397
Other receivables/assets	18,814		16,783
	$	238,612	$	252,830

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8. Deposits

The following table presents the composition of our deposits as of the dates indicated:


(in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Noninterest bearing deposits	$	910,693	$	951,423
Interest checking deposits	1,206,096		1,258,191
Money market deposits	971,048		1,053,988
Savings deposits	851,636		820,549
Time deposits of $250 and under	1,037,302		1,026,793
Time deposits over $250	411,323		367,038
Total deposits	$	5,388,098	$	5,477,982

The Company had $ 25.6 million and $ 25.3 million in reciprocal time deposits as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Included in money market deposits at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $ 123.2 million and $ 156.2 million, respectively, of interest-bearing reciprocal deposits. Included in noninterest bearing deposits at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $ 69.8 million and $ 95.0 million, respectively, of noninterest-bearing reciprocal deposits. These reciprocal deposits are part of the IntraFi Network Deposits program, which is used by financial institutions to distribute deposits that exceed the FDIC insurance coverage limits to numerous institutions in order to provide insurance coverage for all participating deposits. In addition, included within the time deposits of $250 thousand and under was $ 200.0 million of brokered deposits as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had public entity deposits, which were collateralized by investment securities balances of $ 10.8 million and $ 19.9 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the public entity deposits were also collateralized by FHLB letters of credit totaling $ 145.3 million and $ 116.1 million, respectively.

9. Short-Term Borrowings

The following table summarizes the Company's short-term borrowings as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Weighted Average Rate		Balance		Weighted Average Rate		Balance
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—	%	$	—	0.70	%	$	3,186

Securities Sold Under an Agreement to Repurchase: Securities sold under agreements to repurchase were agreements in which the Company acquired funds by selling assets to another party under a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same assets at a specified price and date. The Company entered into repurchase agreements and also offered a demand deposit account product to customers that swept their balances in excess of an agreed upon target amount into overnight repurchase agreements. All securities sold under agreements to repurchase are recorded on the face of the balance sheet.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances: The Bank has a secured line of credit with the FHLBDM. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had FHLB borrowing capacity of $ 541.5 million and $ 624.0 million, respectively. Advances from the FHLBDM are collateralized primarily by one- to four-family residential, commercial and agricultural real estate first mortgages equal to various percentages of the total outstanding notes. See Note 4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses .

Federal Funds Purchased: The Bank has unsecured federal funds lines totaling $ 135.0 million from multiple correspondent banking relationships. There were no borrowings from such lines outstanding at either June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Federal Reserve Bank Borrowing: At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no Federal Reserve Discount Window borrowings outstanding, while its borrowing capacity was $ 302.9 million as of June 30, 2025 and $ 330.1 million as of December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the bank had pledged debt securities with a market value of $ 323.0 million and $ 353.9 million, respectively.

Unsecured Line of Credit: The Company has a credit agreement with a correspondent bank with a revolving commitment of $ 25.0 million. The credit agreement was amended on September 30, 2024 such that the revolving commitment matures on September 30, 2025, with no other alterations made to the fee structure or interest rate. Fees are paid on the average daily unused revolving commitment in the amount of 0.30 % per annum. Interest is payable at a rate equal to the monthly reset term SOFR rate plus 1.55 %. The Company had no borrowings outstanding under this revolving credit facility as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

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10. Long-Term Debt

Junior Subordinated Notes Issued to Capital Trusts

The table below summarizes the terms of each issuance of junior subordinated notes outstanding as of the dates indicated:


			June 30,		December 31,			June 30,		December 31,
			2025		2024			2025		2024
(in thousands)	Face Value		Book Value				Interest Rate (1)	Rate				Maturity Date	Callable Date
ATBancorp Statutory Trust I	$	7,732	$	7,038	$	7,014	1.68 % Margin	6.26	%	6.30	%	06/15/2036	06/15/2011
ATBancorp Statutory Trust II	12,372		11,138		11,103		1.65 % Margin	6.23	%	6.27	%	09/15/2037	06/15/2012
Barron Investment Capital Trust I	2,062		1,901		1,888		2.15 % Margin	6.74	%	6.75	%	09/23/2036	09/23/2011
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II	7,217		7,019		7,002		3.50 % Margin	8.08	%	8.12	%	03/15/2038	03/15/2013
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II	15,464		15,464		15,464		1.59 % Margin	6.17	%	6.21	%	12/15/2037	12/15/2012
Total	$	44,847	$	42,560	$	42,471









(1) Interest rate is equal to the Three-month CME Term SOFR + 0.26 % Spread + Applicable Margin

The trust preferred securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the junior subordinated notes at the stated maturity date or upon redemption of the junior subordinated notes. Each trust’s ability to pay amounts due on the trust preferred securities is solely dependent upon the Company making payment on the related junior subordinated notes. The Company’s obligation under the junior subordinated notes and other relevant trust agreements, in aggregate, constitutes a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of each trust’s obligations under the trust preferred securities issued by each trust. The Company has the right to defer payment of interest on the junior subordinated notes and, therefore, distributions on the trust preferred securities, for up to five years , but not beyond the stated maturity date in the table above. During any such deferral period the Company may not pay cash dividends on its stock and generally may not repurchase its stock.

Subordinated Debentures

On July 28, 2020, the Company completed the private placement offering of $ 65.0 million of its 5.75 % Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due July 30, 2030, of which $ 63.75 million had been exchanged for subordinated notes registered under the Securities Act of 1933. On June 24, 2025, the Company provided notice to the trustee of its intent to redeem all $ 65.0 million aggregate principal of the subordinated notes, which were set to reprice on July 30, 2025 at a floating rate of three-month term SOFR plus 5.68 %. The redemption was completed on July 30, 2025. See Note 17. Subsequent Events .

At June 30, 2025, 100 % of the subordinated notes qualified as Tier 2 capital. Per applicable Federal Reserve rules and regulations, the amount of the subordinated notes qualifying as Tier 2 regulatory capital will be phased-out by 20 % of the amount of the subordinated notes in each of the five years beginning on the fifth anniversary preceding the maturity date of the subordinated notes. At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding subordinated debentures of $ 64.3 million.

Other Long-Term Debt

Other long-term borrowings were as follows as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Weighted Average Rate		Balance		Weighted Average Rate		Balance
Finance lease payable	8.89	%	$	286	8.89	%	$	398
FHLB borrowings	—		5,140		—		4,239
Note payable to unaffiliated bank	—		—		6.10		2,000
Total	0.47	%	$	5,426	2.37	%	$	6,637

On June 7, 2022, pursuant to a credit agreement with a correspondent bank, the Company entered into a $ 35.0 million term note payable maturing on June 30, 2027. Principal and interest are payable quarterly, and began on September 30, 2022. Interest accrues at the monthly reset term SOFR plus 1.55 %. The credit agreement includes customary covenants requiring the Company to, among other things, maintain minimum levels of both regulatory capital and certain financial ratios; the Company certifies compliance with the covenants on a quarterly basis. On February 12, 2024, the credit agreement, including certain of

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its covenants, was amended. On September 30, 2024, the credit agreement was again amended to alter certain terms and to extend the maturity date of the line of credit to September 30, 2025.

As a member of the FHLBDM, the Bank may borrow funds from the FHLB, provided the Bank is able to pledge an adequate amount of qualified assets to secure the borrowings. In addition, the FHLB has established a credit capacity limit to the Bank that is equal to 45 % of the Bank’s total assets. This credit capacity limit includes short-term and long-term borrowings, federal funds, letters of credit and other sources of credit exposure to the FHLB. Advances from the FHLB are collateralized primarily by one- to four-family residential, commercial and agricultural real estate first mortgages equal to various percentages of the total outstanding notes. See Note 4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses .

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had outstanding FHLB borrowings of $ 4.2 million due in 2029 with a 0 % fixed interest rate and $ 0.9 million due in 2030 with a 0 % fixed interest rate.

11. Earnings per Share

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Basic Earnings Per Share:
Net income	$	9,980	$	15,819	$	25,118	$	19,088
Weighted average shares outstanding	20,816,411		15,763,414		20,806,560		15,743,056
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.48	$	1.00	$	1.21	$	1.21

Diluted Earnings Per Share:
Net income	$	9,980	$	15,819	$	25,118	$	19,088
Weighted average shares outstanding, including all dilutive potential shares	20,843,471		15,780,935		20,845,572		15,775,110
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.48	$	1.00	$	1.20	$	1.21

12. Regulatory Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Subsidiary Cash

Regulatory Capital and Reserve Requirement: The Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

As of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank was not required to maintain reserve balances in cash on hand or on deposit with Federal Reserve Banks, and therefore no amounts were held in reserve for each of these periods.

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A comparison of the Company's and the Bank's capital, with the corresponding minimum regulatory requirements in effect at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, is presented below:


	Actual		For Capital Adequacy Purposes With Capital Conservation Buffer (1)		To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(in thousands)	Amount	Ratio	Amount	Ratio	Amount	Ratio
At June 30, 2025
Consolidated:
Total capital/risk weighted assets	$ 717,663	14.44 %	$ 521,836	10.50 %	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	590,442	11.88	422,438	8.50	N/A	N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	547,882	11.02	347,890	7.00	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets	590,442	9.62	245,504	4.00	N/A	N/A
MidWest One Bank:
Total capital/risk weighted assets	$ 703,140	14.20 %	$ 519,873	10.50 %	$ 495,117	10.00 %
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	641,150	12.95	420,850	8.50	396,094	8.00
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	641,150	12.95	346,582	7.00	321,826	6.50
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets	641,150	10.43	245,930	4.00	307,413	5.00

At December 31, 2024
Consolidated:
Total capital/risk weighted assets	$ 692,834	14.07 %	$ 517,026	10.50 %	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	570,896	11.59	418,545	8.50	N/A	N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	528,425	10.73	344,684	7.00	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets	570,896	9.15	249,689	4.00	N/A	N/A
MidWest One Bank:
Total capital/risk weighted assets	$ 688,190	14.02 %	$ 515,575	10.50 %	$ 491,024	10.00 %
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	631,252	12.86	417,370	8.50	392,819	8.00
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	631,252	12.86	343,717	7.00	319,166	6.50
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets	631,252	10.12	249,584	4.00	311,980	5.00

(1) Includes a capital conservation buffer of 2.50 %.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Credit-related financial instruments: The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans, and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets.

The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. The following table summarizes the Bank’s commitments as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
(in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit	$	1,049,907	$	1,073,297
Commitments to sell loans	16,812		749
Standby letters of credit	25,028		7,440
Total	$	1,091,747	$	1,081,486

The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, crops, livestock, inventory, property and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing commercial properties.

Commitments to sell loans are agreements to sell loans held for sale to third parties at an agreed upon price.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements and, generally, have terms of one year or less. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to

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customers. The Bank holds collateral, which may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, equipment and income-producing properties, that support those commitments, if deemed necessary. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, the Bank would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Bank could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount shown in the summary above. If the commitment is funded, the Bank would be entitled to seek recovery from the customer.

Liability for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Losses: The Company records a liability for off-balance sheet credit losses through a charge to credit loss expense (or a reversal of credit loss expense) on the Company's consolidated statements of income and other liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the liability for off-balance-sheet credit losses totaled $ 4.3 million and $ 4.6 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, $ 0.3 million of credit loss benefit was recorded, with $ 0.9 million of credit loss expense recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Litigation: In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries have been named, from time to time, as defendants in various legal actions. Certain of the actual or threatened legal actions may include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. Management, after consulting with legal counsel, is of the opinion that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from these pending or threatened actions and proceedings will not have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.

Concentrations of Credit Risk: Substantially all of the Bank’s loans, commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Bank’s market areas. Although the loan portfolio of the Bank is diversified, approximately 64 % of the loans were real estate loans, excluding farmland, and approximately 7 % were agriculturally related as of June 30, 2025. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses . Commitments to extend credit are primarily related to commercial loans and home equity loans. Standby letters of credit were granted primarily to commercial borrowers. Investments in securities issued by state and political subdivisions involve certain governmental entities within Iowa and Minnesota. The carrying value of investment securities of Iowa and Minnesota political subdivisions totaled 26 % and 17 %, respectively, as of June 30, 2025.

14. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

• Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

• Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

• Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

For additional information regarding the valuation methodologies used to measure the Company's assets recorded at fair value, and for estimating fair value for financial instruments not recorded at fair value, see Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 20. Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025.

The Company uses fair value to measure certain assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, primarily available for sale debt securities, derivatives and mortgage servicing rights. For assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value, the fair value measurement criteria may or may not be met during a reporting period, and such measurements are therefore considered “nonrecurring ” for purposes of disclosing the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to adjust carrying values for collateral dependent individually analyzed loans and foreclosed assets.

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Recurring Basis

The following tables summarize assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, by level within the fair value hierarchy:


	Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2025 Using
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	35,881	$	—	$	35,881	$	—
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	15,014		—		15,014		—
State and political subdivisions	125,855		—		125,855		—
Mortgage-backed securities	305,844		—		305,844		—
Collateralized loan obligations	33,789		—		33,789		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations	605,964		—		605,964		—
Corporate debt securities	112,698		—		112,698		—
Derivative assets	21,567		—		21,519		48
Mortgage servicing rights	11,755		—		11,755		—

Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	20,942	$	—	$	20,942	$	—


	Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2024 Using
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	50,399	$	—	$	50,399	$	—
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	9,941		—		9,941		—
State and political subdivisions	135,720		—		135,720		—
Mortgage-backed securities	323,439		—		323,439		—
Collateralized loan obligations	48,869		—		48,869		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations	646,109		—		646,109		—
Corporate debt securities	113,956		—		113,956		—
Derivative assets	24,397		—		24,387		10
Mortgage servicing rights	12,232		—		12,232		—

Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	21,712	$	—	$	21,712	$	—

There were no transfers of assets between Level 3 and other levels of the fair value hierarchy during the six months ended June 30, 2025 or the year ended December 31, 2024. Changes in the fair value of available for sale debt securities, including the changes attributable to the hedged risk, are included in other comprehensive income.

The following table presents the valuation technique, significant unobservable inputs, and quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used for fair value measurements of the financial instruments held by the Company and categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at the dates indicated:


	Fair Value at
(in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		Valuation Techniques(s)	Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs			Weighted Average
Interest rate lock commitments	$	48	$	10	Quoted or published market prices of similar instruments, adjusted for factors such as pull-through rate assumptions	Pull-through rate	91 %	-	100 %	93 %

Nonrecurring Basis

The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the dates indicated:


	Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2025 Using
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans	$	14,248	$	—	$	—	$	14,248
Foreclosed assets, net	3,414		—		—		3,414


	Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2024 Using
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans	$	10,697	$	—	$	—	$	10,697
Foreclosed assets, net	3,337		—		—		3,337

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The following table presents the valuation technique(s), unobservable inputs, and quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used for fair value measurements of the financial instruments held by the Company and categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at the dates indicated:


	Fair Value at
(in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		Valuation Techniques(s)	Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs			Weighted Average
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans	$	14,248	$	10,697	Fair value of collateral	Valuation adjustments	— %	-	55 %	7 %
Foreclosed assets, net	$	3,414	$	3,337	Fair value of collateral	Valuation adjustments	8 %	-	21 %	20 %

Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on these estimated fair values.

Carrying Amount and Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:


	June 30, 2025
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	169,445	$	169,445	$	169,445	$	—	$	—
Debt securities available for sale	1,235,045		1,235,045		—		1,235,045		—

Loans held for sale	16,812		18,177		—		18,177		—
Loans held for investment, net	4,315,388		4,246,509		—		—		4,246,509
Interest receivable	25,829		25,829		—		25,829		—
FHLB stock	5,184		5,184		—		5,184		—
Derivative assets	21,567		21,567		—		21,519		48
Financial liabilities:
Noninterest bearing deposits	910,693		910,693		910,693		—		—
Interest bearing deposits	4,477,405		4,439,190		3,028,780		1,410,410

Finance leases payable	286		286		—		286		—
FHLB borrowings	5,140		4,927		—		4,927		—
Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts	42,560		37,997		—		37,997		—
Subordinated debentures	64,334		64,760		—		64,760		—

Derivative liabilities	20,942		20,942		—		20,942		—


	December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	204,895	$	204,895	$	204,895	$	—	$	—
Debt securities available for sale	1,328,433		1,328,433		—		1,328,433		—

Loans held for sale	749		758		—		758		—
Loans held for investment, net	4,260,427		4,156,142		—		—		4,156,142
Interest receivable	26,467		26,467		—		26,467		—
FHLB stock	5,156		5,156		—		5,156		—
Derivative assets	24,397		24,397		—		24,387		10
Financial liabilities:
Noninterest bearing deposits	951,423		951,423		951,423		—		—
Interest bearing deposits	4,526,559		4,508,773		3,132,728		1,376,045		—
Short-term borrowings	3,186		3,186		3,186		—		—
Finance leases payable	398		398		—		398		—
FHLB borrowings	4,239		4,064		—		4,064		—
Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts	42,471		37,845		—		37,845		—
Subordinated debentures	64,268		63,469		—		63,469		—
Other long-term debt	2,000		2,000		—		2,000		—
Derivative liabilities	21,712		21,712		—		21,712		—

15. Leases

The Company's lease commitments consist primarily of real estate property for banking offices and office space with terms extending through 2045. Substantially all of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases, with the Company holding only one existing finance lease for a banking office location with a lease term through 2026.

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(in thousands)	Classification	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Other assets	$	2,314		$	1,576
Finance lease right-of-use asset	Premises and equipment, net	111			159
Total right-of-use assets		$	2,425		$	1,735

Operating lease liability	Other liabilities	$	2,845		$	2,179
Finance lease liability	Long-term debt	286			398
Total lease liabilities		$	3,131		$	2,577


Weighted-average remaining lease term:	Operating leases	11.60 years			12.26 years
	Finance lease	1.17 years			1.67 years
Weighted-average discount rate:	Operating leases	4.69		%	4.92		%
	Finance lease	8.89		%	8.89		%

The following table represents lease costs and other lease information for the periods indicated. As the Company elected, for all classes of underlying assets, not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead to account for them as a single lease component, the variable lease cost primarily represents variable payments such as common area maintenance and utilities.


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Lease Costs
Operating lease cost	$	175	$	233	$	345	$	621
Variable lease cost	18		7		27		14
Interest on lease liabilities (1)	7		11		15		24
Amortization of right-of-use assets	24		24		48		48
Net lease cost	$	224	$	275	$	435	$	707

Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	363	$	694	$	741	$	1,516
Operating cash flows from finance lease	7		11		15		24
Finance cash flows from finance lease	56		51		112		100

Supplemental non-cash information on lease liabilities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	382		39		1,009		195

(1) Included in long-term debt interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. All other lease costs in this table are included in occupancy expense of premises, net.

Future minimum payments for finance leases and operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more for the remaining six months ending December 31, 2025 and the succeeding annual periods were as follows:


(in thousands)	Finance Leases		Operating Leases
December 31, 2025	$	128	$	366
December 31, 2026	172		659
December 31, 2027	—		519
December 31, 2028	—		360
December 31, 2029	—		325
Thereafter	—		1,555
Total undiscounted lease payment	$	300	$	3,784
Amounts representing interest	( 14 )		( 939 )
Lease liability	$	286	$	2,845

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16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following tables summarize the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax for the periods indicated:


Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	Unrealized Gain (Loss) from AFS Debt Securities		Reclassification of AFS Debt Securities to HTM		Unrealized Gain (Loss) from Cash Flow Hedging Instruments		Total
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	( 67,676 )	$	4,885	$	1,987	$	( 60,804 )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	2,258		365		581		3,204
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	53		—		( 588 )		( 535 )
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	2,311		365		( 7 )		2,669
Balance, June 30, 2024	$	( 65,365 )	$	5,250	$	1,980	$	( 58,135 )

Balance, March 31, 2025	$	( 63,330 )	$	—	$	232	$	( 63,098 )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	5,602		—		107		5,709
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	41		—		( 209 )		( 168 )
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	5,643		—		( 102 )		5,541

Balance, June 30, 2025	$	( 57,687 )	$	—	$	130	$	( 57,557 )

Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	Unrealized Gain (Loss) from AFS Debt Securities		Reclassification of AFS Debt Securities to HTM		Unrealized Gain (Loss) from Cash Flow Hedging Instruments		Total
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	( 69,915 )	$	4,511	$	505	$	( 64,899 )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	3,865		739		2,652		7,256
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	685		—		( 1,177 )		( 492 )
Net current-period other comprehensive income	4,550		739		1,475		6,764
Balance, June 30, 2024	$	( 65,365 )	$	5,250	$	1,980	$	( 58,135 )

Balance, December 31, 2024	$	( 73,350 )	$	—	$	588	$	( 72,762 )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	15,521		—		( 40 )		15,481
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	142		—		( 418 )		( 276 )
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	15,663		—		( 458 )		15,205

Balance, June 30, 2025	$	( 57,687 )	$	—	$	130	$	( 57,557 )

The following table presents reclassifications out of AOCI for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Investment securities gains, net	$	—	$	( 33 )	$	( 33 )	$	( 69 )
Interest income	55		104		223		986
Interest expense	( 280 )		( 787 )		( 559 )		( 1,575 )
Income tax benefit	57		181		93		166
Net of tax	$	( 168 )	$	( 535 )	$	( 276 )	$	( 492 )

17. Subsequent Events

On July 22, 2025, the board of directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $ 0.2425 per share, payable on September 16, 2025 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on September 2, 2025.

On July 30, 2025 (the "Redemption Date") the Company redeemed the entire $ 65.0 million outstanding principal amount of the Company's 5.75 % Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030 (the "2030 Notes") and recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $ 0.7 million. The 2030 Notes were redeemed pursuant to the terms of that certain Indenture, dated as

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of July 28, 2020, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the "Trustee"), at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, the Redemption Date (the "Redemption Price"). As provided in the notice of redemption, dated June 24, 2025, previously provided to the holders of the 2030 Notes, each such holder is entitled to receive the Redemption Price upon surrender of the 2030 Notes to the Trustee. To complete the redemption, the Company utilized a combination of cash on hand and proceeds from a $ 50.0 million senior term note that closed on July 29, 2025 and is included as an appendix within the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Restated Credit Agreement"). The senior term note is structured as a 5 -year maturity, 7 -year amortization facility, and bears interest at a floating rate of 1-month term SOFR plus 1.75 %. The Restated Credit Agreement also extended the maturity of the $ 25.0 million revolving commitment to September 30, 2026.

On April 27, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program, allowing for the repurchase of up to $ 15.0 million of the Company's common stock through December 31, 2025. Since April 28, 2023 and through August 1, 2025, the Company has repurchased 126,712 shares of common stock, leaving $ 11.5 million available to be repurchased. The program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any shares of its common stock, and other than repurchases that have been completed to date, there is no assurance that the Company will do so or that the Company will repurchase shares at favorable prices. The program may be suspended or terminated at any time and, even if fully implemented, the program may not enhance long-term shareholder value.

The Company has evaluated events that have occurred subsequent to June 30, 2025, and has concluded there are no other subsequent events that would require recognition in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of such term in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We and our representatives may, from time to time, make written or oral statements that are “forward-looking” and provide information other than historical information. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement. These factors include, among other things, the factors listed below. Forward-looking statements, which may be based upon beliefs, expectations and assumptions of our management and on information currently available to management, are generally identifiable by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “plans,” “intend,” “project,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “may” or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Additionally, we undertake no obligation to update any statement in light of new information or future events, except as required under federal securities law.

Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Factors that could have an impact on our ability to achieve operating results, growth plan goals and future prospects include, but are not limited to, the following:

• the effects of changes in interest rates, including on our net income and the value of our securities portfolio;

• fluctuations in the value of our investment securities;

• effects on the U.S. economy resulting from the implementation of proposed policies and executive orders, including the imposition of tariffs, changes in immigration policy, changes to regulatory or other governmental agencies, DEI and ESG initiative trends, changes in consumer protection policies, and changes in foreign policy and tax regulations;

• volatility of rate-sensitive deposits;

• asset/liability matching risks and liquidity risks;

• the ability to successfully manage liquidity risk, which may increase dependence on non-core funding sources such as brokered deposits, and may negatively impact the Company’s cost of funds;

• the concentration of large deposits from certain clients, including those who have balances above current FDIC insurance limits;

• credit quality deterioration, pronounced and sustained reduction in real estate market values, or other uncertainties, including the impact of inflationary pressures and future monetary policies of the Federal Reserve in response thereto on economic conditions and our business, resulting in an increase in the allowance for credit losses, an increase in the credit loss expense, and a reduction in net earnings;

• the sufficiency of the allowance for credit losses to absorb the amount of expected losses inherent in our existing loan portfolio;

• the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of allowances for credit losses and estimation of values of collateral and various financial assets and liabilities;

• credit risks and risks from concentrations (by type of borrower, collateral, geographic area and by industry) within our loan portfolio;

• changes in the economic environment, competition, or other factors that may affect our ability to acquire loans or influence the anticipated growth rate of loans and deposits and the quality of the loan portfolio and loan and deposit pricing;

• governmental monetary and fiscal policies;

• new or revised general economic, political, or industry conditions, nationally, internationally or in the communities in which we conduct business, including the risk of a recession;

• the imposition of domestic or foreign tariffs or other governmental policies impacting the global supply chain and the value of the agricultural or other products of our borrowers;

• war or terrorist activities, including ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, widespread disease or pandemic, or other adverse external events, which may cause deterioration in the economy or cause instability in credit markets;

• legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities, trade, and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators, and including changes in interpretation or prioritization of such laws and regulations;

• changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by state and federal regulatory agencies and the FASB;

• the effects of competition from other commercial banks, thrifts, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, credit unions, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market and other mutual funds, financial technology companies, and other financial institutions operating in our markets or elsewhere or providing similar services;

• changes in the business and economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry, and the effects of recent developments and events in the financial services industry, including the large-scale deposit withdrawals over a short period of time that resulted in prior bank failures;

• the occurrence of fraudulent activity, breaches, or failures of our or our third party vendors' information security controls or cyber-security related incidents, including as a result of sophisticated attacks using artificial intelligence and similar tools or as a result of insider fraud;

• the ability to attract and retain key executives and employees experienced in banking and financial services;

• our ability to adapt successfully to technological changes implemented by us and other parties in the financial services industry, including third-party vendors, which may be more difficult to implement or more expensive than anticipated or which may have unforeseen consequence to us and our customers, including the development and implementation of tools incorporating artificial intelligence;

• operational risks, including data processing system failures and fraud;

• the costs, effects and outcomes of existing or future litigation or other legal proceedings and regulatory actions;

• the risks of mergers or branch sales (including the sale of our Florida banking operations and the acquisition of DNVB), including, without limitation, the related time and costs of implementing such transactions, integrating operations as part of these transactions and possible failures to achieve expected gains, revenue growth and/or expense savings from such transactions;

• the economic impacts on the Company and its customers of climate change, natural disasters and exceptional weather occurrences, such as: tornadoes, floods and blizzards; and

• factors and risks described under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other reports we file with the SEC.

We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by the foregoing cautionary statements. Because of these risks and other uncertainties, our actual future results, performance or achievement, or industry results, may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our future results.

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OVERVIEW

The Company provides financial services to individuals, businesses, governmental units and institutional customers located primarily in the upper Midwest through its bank subsidiary, MidWest One Bank. The Bank has locations throughout central and eastern Iowa, the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area, southwestern Wisconsin, and Denver, Colorado.

On January 31, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of DNVB, a bank holding company headquartered in Denver, Colorado, and the parent company of BOD. Immediately following completion of the acquisition, BOD was merged with and into the Bank. As consideration for the merger, we paid cash of $32.6 million.

On June 7, 2024, the Bank completed the sale of its Florida banking operations for a 7.5% deposit premium, which consisted of one bank branch in each of Naples and Ft. Myers, Florida.

In the first quarter of 2025, MidWest One Bank reclassified $11.0 million of credit card receivables to loans held for sale. The sale is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2025.

The Bank is focused on delivering relationship-based banking products and services to its customers. The Bank offers commercial, real estate, agricultural, credit card, and consumer loans as well as transaction, savings, and time deposit accounts. Complementary to our loan and deposit products, the Bank provides products and services including treasury management, Zelle, online and mobile banking, credit and debit cards, ATMs, and safe deposit boxes. The Bank also provides expertise in specialty business lines, such as: public finance, sponsor finance, SBA, and agri-business. The Bank also offers wealth management services including the administration of estates, trusts, and conservatorships, as well as financial planning, investment advisory, and brokerage services (the latter of which is provided through an arrangement with a third-party registered broker-dealer).

Our results of operations are significantly affected by our net interest income. Results of operations are also affected by noninterest income and expense, credit loss expense and income tax expense. Significant external factors that impact our results of operations include general economic and competitive conditions, as well as changes in market interest rates, government policies, and actions of regulatory authorities.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and the statistical information and financial data appearing in this report as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025. Results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of results to be attained for any other period.

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

The Company reported net income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 of $10.0 million, a decrease of $5.8 million, compared to net income of $15.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, with diluted earnings per share of $0.48 and $1.00 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Adjusted earnings (a non-GAAP financial measure - see the "Non-GAAP Presentations" section for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 were $10.2 million, compared to $8.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, with adjusted earnings per share (a non-GAAP financial measure - see the "Non-GAAP Presentations" section for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent) of $0.49 and $0.52 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company reported net income of $25.1 million, an increase of $6.0 million, compared to net income of $19.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, with diluted earnings per share of $1.20 and $1.21 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Adjusted earnings (a non-GAAP financial measure - see the "Non-GAAP Presentations" section for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were $25.5 million, compared to $12.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, with adjusted earnings per share (a non-GAAP financial measure - see the "Non-GAAP Presentations" section for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent) of $1.22 and $0.80 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The periods as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 were also highlighted by the following results:

Balance Sheet:

• Total assets decreased to $6.16 billion at June 30, 2025 from $6.24 billion at December 31, 2024, primarily driven by lower cash and security volumes, partially offset by higher loan volumes.

• Total debt securities AFS at June 30, 2025 were $1.24 billion, as compared to $1.33 billion at December 31, 2024.

• Gross loans held for investment increased $63.0 million, from $4.33 billion at December 31, 2024 to $4.39 billion at June 30, 2025, primarily due to organic loan growth and higher line of credit usage, partially offset by the reclassification of $11.0 million of credit card receivables to loans held for sale in the first quarter of 2025.

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• Nonperforming assets increased $15.4 million, from $25.2 million at December 31, 2024, to $40.6 million at June 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to a single $24.0 million CRE office credit, partially offset by the sale of a $3.9 million CRE office credit.

• The allowance for credit losses was $65.8 million, or 1.50% of total loans, at June 30, 2025, compared with $55.2 million, or 1.28% of total loans, at December 31, 2024. The increase in the ACL primarily reflected the specific reserve established in connection with the single CRE office credit discussed previously.

• Total deposits decreased $89.9 million, from $5.48 billion at December 31, 2024, to $5.39 billion at June 30, 2025.

• There were no short-term borrowings at June 30, 2025, compared to $3.2 million of short-term borrowings at December 31, 2024. Long-term debt decreased to $112.3 million at June 30, 2025, from $113.4 million at December 31, 2024.

• The Company was well-capitalized with a total risk-based capital ratio of 14.44% at June 30, 2025.

Income Statement:

Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

• Tax equivalent net interest income (a non-GAAP financial measure - see the "Non-GAAP Presentations" section for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent) was $51.2 million for the second quarter of 2025, an increase of $13.5 million, from $37.7 million in the second quarter of 2024. The increase in tax equivalent net interest income was due primarily to an increase of $2.5 million in investment securities interest income, a $0.7 million increase in loan interest income, and a decrease in interest expense on borrowed funds and interest-bearing deposits of $5.7 million and $3.3 million, respectively.

• Credit loss expense of $11.9 million was recorded during the second quarter of 2025, compared to credit loss expense of $1.3 million recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Credit loss expense in the second quarter of 2025 primarily reflected the specific reserve established in connection with the single CRE office credit previously discussed.

• Noninterest income decreased $11.3 million, from $21.6 million in the second quarter of 2024, to $10.2 million in the second quarter of 2025, primarily due to the decline in other revenue stemming from the $11.1 million gain realized in connection with the sale of our Florida banking operations in the second quarter of 2024.

• Noninterest expense in the second quarter of 2025 was stable at $35.8 million when compared to the second quarter of 2024.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

• Tax equivalent net interest income (a non-GAAP financial measure - see the "Non-GAAP Presentations" section for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent) was $99.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of $26.0 million from the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in tax equivalent net interest income was due primarily to an increase of $5.2 million in interest income earned from investment securities, coupled with an increase of $2.3 million in loan interest income. Also contributing to the increase were declines in interest expense on borrowed funds and interest bearing deposits of $11.0 million and $5.5 million, respectively.

• Credit loss expense of $13.6 million was recorded in the first six months of 2025, as compared to credit loss expense of $6.0 million for the first six months of 2024. Credit loss expense in the first six months of 2025 primarily reflected the specific reserve established in connection with the single CRE office credit previously discussed.

• Noninterest income decreased $10.9 million, from $31.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, to $20.4 million in the first six months of 2025, primarily due to the decline in other revenue stemming from the $11.1 million gain realized in connection with the sale of our Florida banking operations in the second quarter of 2024.

• Noninterest expense increased $0.7 million, from $71.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, to $72.1 million in the first six months of 2025, and was largely driven by increases of $1.6 million and $0.3 million in other expense and compensation and employee benefits, respectively. Those increases were partially offset by lower intangible amortization, foreclosed assets, net costs, and FDIC insurance costs, which decreased $0.6 million, $0.3 million, and $0.2 million, respectively.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Management has identified the accounting policies related to the ACL and the annual impairment testing of goodwill and other intangible assets to be critical accounting policies. Information about our critical accounting estimates is included under Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025, and there have been no material changes in these critical accounting policies since December 31, 2024.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024

Summary


	As of or for the Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2025			2024
Net Interest Income	$	49,982		$	36,347
Noninterest Income	10,249			21,554
Total Revenue, Net of Interest Expense	60,231			57,901
Credit Loss Expense	11,889			1,267
Noninterest Expense	35,767			35,761
Income Before Income Tax Expense	12,575			20,873
Income Tax Expense	2,595			5,054
Net Income	9,980			15,819
Adjusted Earnings (1)	$	10,176		$	8,132
Diluted Earnings Per Share	$	0.48		$	1.00
Adjusted Earnings Per Share (1)	0.49			0.52




Return on Average Assets	0.65		%	0.95		%
Return on Average Equity	6.81			11.91
Return on Average Tangible Equity (1)	8.84			15.74
Efficiency Ratio (1)	56.20			56.29
Dividend Payout Ratio	50.52			24.25

Common Equity Ratio	9.56			8.25
Tangible Common Equity Ratio (1)	8.19			6.88
Book Value per Share	$	28.36		$	34.44
Tangible Book Value per Share (1)	23.92			28.27
(1) A non-GAAP financial measure. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalents.

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Net Interest Income

The following table shows consolidated average balance sheets, detailing the major categories of assets and liabilities, the interest income earned on interest-earning assets, the interest expense paid for interest-bearing liabilities, and the related yields and costs for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025						2024
	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Cost		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Cost
(in thousands)
ASSETS
Loans, including fees (1)(2)(3)	$	4,370,196	$	63,298	5.81	%	$	4,419,697	$	62,581	5.69	%
Taxable investment securities	1,168,048		12,928		4.44		1,520,253		9,228		2.44
Tax-exempt investment securities (2)(4)	102,792		859		3.35		322,092		2,040		2.55
Total securities held for investment (2)	1,270,840		13,787		4.35		1,842,345		11,268		2.46
Other	104,628		1,517		5.82		20,452		242		4.76
Total interest earning assets (2)	$	5,745,664	$	78,602	5.49	%	$	6,282,494	$	74,091	4.74	%
Other assets	426,985						431,079
Total assets	$	6,172,649					$	6,713,573

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest checking deposits	$	1,221,266	$	2,101	0.69	%	$	1,297,356	$	3,145	0.97	%
Money market deposits	986,029		6,057		2.46		1,072,688		7,821		2.93
Savings deposits	843,223		3,161		1.50		738,773		2,673		1.46
Time deposits	1,436,301		14,346		4.01		1,470,956		15,303		4.18
Total interest bearing deposits	4,486,819		25,665		2.29		4,579,773		28,942		2.54
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	896		1		0.45		5,300		10		0.76

Other short-term borrowings	—		18		—		442,546		5,399		4.91
Total short-term borrowings	896		19		8.51		447,846		5,409		4.86
Long-term debt	112,035		1,754		6.28		120,256		2,078		6.95
Total borrowed funds	112,931		1,773		6.30		568,102		7,487		5.30
Total interest bearing liabilities	$	4,599,750	$	27,438	2.39	%	$	5,147,875	$	36,429	2.85	%

Noninterest bearing deposits	912,097						935,151
Other liabilities	73,094						96,553
Shareholders’ equity	587,708						533,994
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	6,172,649					$	6,713,573
Net interest income (2)			$	51,164					$	37,662
Net interest spread (2)					3.10	%					1.89	%
Net interest margin (2)					3.57	%					2.41	%

Total deposits (5)	$	5,398,916	$	25,665	1.91	%	$	5,514,924	$	28,942	2.11	%
Cost of funds (6)					2.00	%					2.41	%


(1)			Average balance includes nonaccrual loans.
(2)			Tax equivalent (a non-GAAP financial measure - see the "Non-GAAP Presentations" section for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent). The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(3)			Interest income includes net loan fees, loan purchase discount accretion and tax equivalent adjustments. Net loan fees were $272 thousand and $337 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Loan purchase discount accretion was $1.1 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Tax equivalent adjustments were $1.0 million and $938 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(4)			Interest income includes tax equivalent adjustments of $160 thousand and $377 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(5)			Total deposits is the sum of total interest bearing deposits and noninterest bearing deposits. The cost of total deposits is calculated as annualized interest expense on deposits divided by average total deposits.
(6)			Cost of funds is calculated as annualized total interest expense divided by the sum of average total deposits and borrowed funds.

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The following table shows changes to tax equivalent net interest income (a non-GAAP financial measure - see the "Non-GAAP Presentations" section for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent) attributable to (i) changes in volume and (ii) changes in rate. Changes attributable to both rate and volume have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025 Compared to 2024
	Change due to
(in thousands)	Volume		Yield/Cost		Net
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Loans, including fees (1)	$	(668)	$	1,385	$	717
Taxable investment securities	(2,526)		6,226		3,700
Tax-exempt investment securities (1)	(1,688)		507		(1,181)
Total securities held for investment (1)	(4,214)		6,733		2,519
Other	1,210		65		1,275
Change in interest income (1)	(3,672)		8,183		4,511
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Interest checking deposits	(176)		(868)		(1,044)
Money market deposits	(591)		(1,173)		(1,764)
Savings deposits	408		80		488
Time deposits	(351)		(606)		(957)
Total interest-bearing deposits	(710)		(2,567)		(3,277)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(6)		(3)		(9)

Other short-term borrowings	(5,381)		—		(5,381)
Total short-term borrowings	(5,387)		(3)		(5,390)
Long-term debt	(134)		(190)		(324)
Total borrowed funds	(5,521)		(193)		(5,714)
Change in interest expense	(6,231)		(2,760)		(8,991)
Change in net interest income	$	2,559	$	10,943	$	13,502
Percentage increase in net interest income over prior period					35.9		%
(1) Tax equivalent, using a federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

Our tax equivalent net interest income for the second quarter of 2025 was $51.2 million, an increase of $13.5 million, or 35.9%, compared to $37.7 million for the second quarter of 2024. The increase in tax equivalent net interest income in the second quarter of 2025 compared to the second quarter of 2024 was partially due to an increase of $2.5 million, or 22.4%, in interest income earned from investment securities, which stemmed from higher asset yields, partially offset by lower volumes of securities. The increase was also due to an increase of $0.7 million, or 1.1%, in loan interest income stemming from higher yields, partially offset by a decrease in loan volume, an increase of $1.3 million in other interest income, coupled with decreases in interest expense on borrowed funds and interest bearing deposits of $5.7 million and $3.3 million, respectively, stemming from lower costs and volumes.

The tax equivalent net interest margin for the second quarter of 2025 improved to 3.57% from 2.41% in the second quarter of 2024, driven by higher earning asset yields and lower interest bearing liability costs. Total earning asset yield increased 75 basis points ("bps") from the second quarter of 2024, primarily due to increases of 189 bps, 12 bps, and 106 bps in total investment securities, loan, and other interest earning assets yields, respectively. Interest bearing liability costs decreased 46 bps to 2.39%, due to long-term debt costs of 6.28% and interest bearing deposit costs of 2.29%, which decreased 67 bps and 25 bps, respectively, from the second quarter of 2024.

Credit Loss Expense

Credit loss expense of $11.9 million was recorded during the second quarter of 2025, compared to $1.3 million of credit loss expense recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Credit loss expense in the second quarter of 2025 primarily reflected the specific reserve established in connection with a single $24.0 million CRE office credit previously discussed, offset by a reduction of $0.2 million in the reserve for unfunded loan commitments. Net charge-offs were $0.2 million in the second quarter of 2025, compared to net charge-offs of $0.5 million in the second quarter of 2024. The estimation model utilized by the Company is sensitive to changes in the following forecast inputs: (1) national unemployment; (2) year-to-year change in national retail sales; (3) year-to-year change in CRE index; and (4) year-to-year change in U.S. GDP. In addition, management utilized qualitative factors to adjust the calculated ACL as appropriate. Qualitative factors are based on management’s judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.

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Noninterest Income

The following table presents significant components of noninterest income and the related dollar and percentage change from period to period:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Investment services and trust activities	$	3,705	$	3,504	$	201	5.7	%
Service charges and fees	2,190		2,156		34		1.6
Card revenue	1,934		1,907		27		1.4
Loan revenue	1,417		1,525		(108)		(7.1)
Bank-owned life insurance	677		668		9		1.3

Investment securities gains, net	—		33		(33)		(100.0)
Other	326		11,761		(11,435)		(97.2)
Total noninterest income	$	10,249	$	21,554	$	(11,305)	(52.4)	%

Total noninterest income for the second quarter of 2025 decreased $11.3 million to $10.2 million, from $21.6 million in the second quarter of 2024, primarily due to the decline in other revenue stemming from the $11.1 million gain realized in connection with the sale of our Florida banking operations in the second quarter of 2024. Also contributing to the decline in noninterest income was a $0.4 million unfavorable change in the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights, which is included in loan revenue, and a decline of $0.4 million in swap origination fee income, which is recorded in other revenue. Partially offsetting these declines was an increase of $0.2 million in investment services and trust activities revenue, driven by higher assets under administration.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents significant components of noninterest expense and the related dollar and percentage change from period to period:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Compensation and employee benefits	$	21,011	$	20,985	$	26	0.1	%
Occupancy expense of premises, net	2,540		2,435		105		4.3
Equipment	2,550		2,530		20		0.8
Legal and professional	2,153		2,253		(100)		(4.4)
Data processing	1,486		1,645		(159)		(9.7)
Marketing	762		636		126		19.8
Amortization of intangibles	1,252		1,593		(341)		(21.4)
FDIC insurance	851		1,051		(200)		(19.0)
Communications	161		191		(30)		(15.7)
Foreclosed assets, net	83		138		(55)		(39.9)
Other	2,918		2,304		614		26.6


Total noninterest expense	$	35,767	$	35,761	$	6	—	%

The following table summarizes acquisition and divestiture-related expenses incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, which are included in the respective income statement line items, for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
Merger-related expenses:	2025		2024
(in thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits	$	—	$	73

Equipment	—		28
Legal and professional	—		462
Data processing	—		251

Communications	—		8
Other	—		32
Total merger-related expenses	$	—	$	854

Noninterest expense for the second quarter of 2025 compared to the second quarter in the prior year was stable at $35.8 million. The $0.6 million increase in other noninterest expense stemmed primarily from customer deposits costs. Further, excluding merger-related expenses, legal and professional costs increased $0.4 million due primarily to higher litigation-related legal

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expenses. Those increases were partially offset by lower intangible amortization and FDIC insurance costs, which decreased $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective income tax rate, or income tax expense divided by income before income tax expense, was 20.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 24.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The effective tax rate for the full year 2025 is expected to be in the range of 22% to 23%.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was signed into law in the U.S., which contains a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the OBBBA on its business and operations; however, it is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024

Summary


	As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	2025			2024
Net Interest Income	$	97,421		$	71,078
Noninterest Income	20,385			31,304
Total Revenue, Net of Interest Expense	117,806			102,382
Credit Loss Expense	13,576			5,956
Noninterest Expense	72,060			71,326
Income Before Income Tax Expense	32,170			25,100
Income Tax Expense	7,052			6,012
Net Income	25,118			19,088
Adjusted Earnings (1)	$	25,479		$	12,621
Diluted Earnings Per Share	$	1.20		$	1.21
Adjusted Earnings Per Share (1)	1.22			0.80




Return on Average Assets	0.82		%	0.58		%
Return on Average Equity	8.74			7.23
Return on Average Tangible Equity (1)	11.24			9.98
Efficiency Ratio (1)	57.75			62.83
Dividend Payout Ratio	40.08			40.08

Common Equity Ratio	9.56			8.25
Tangible Common Equity Ratio (1)	8.19			6.88
Book Value per Share	$	28.36		$	34.44
Tangible Book Value per Share (1)	23.92			28.27

(1) A non-GAAP financial measure. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalents.

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Net Interest Income


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025						2024
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Cost		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Cost
ASSETS
Loans, including fees (1)(2)(3)	$	4,330,659	$	123,741	5.76	%	$	4,358,957	$	121,448	5.60	%
Taxable investment securities	1,187,836		26,255		4.46		1,538,928		18,688		2.44
Tax-exempt investment securities (2)(4)	104,170		1,724		3.34		325,414		4,137		2.56
Total securities held for investment (2)	1,292,006		27,979		4.37		1,864,342		22,825		2.46
Other	114,327		2,764		4.88		25,529		660		5.20
Total interest-earning assets (2)	$	5,736,992	$	154,484	5.43	%	$	6,248,828	$	144,933	4.66	%

Other assets	433,617						425,648
Total assets	$	6,170,609					$	6,674,476

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest checking deposits	$	1,230,873	$	4,228	0.69	%	$	1,299,413	$	6,035	0.93	%
Money market deposits	994,340		12,390		2.51		1,087,616		15,886		2.94
Savings deposits	839,498		6,218		1.49		716,458		4,720		1.32
Time deposits	1,417,054		28,313		4.03		1,458,969		30,027		4.14
Total interest-bearing deposits	4,481,765		51,149		2.30		4,562,456		56,668		2.50
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	1,795		6		0.67		5,315		21		0.79

Other short-term borrowings	—		38		—		426,036		10,363		4.89
Total short-term borrowings	1,795		44		4.94		431,351		10,384		4.84
Long-term debt	112,696		3,545		6.34		121,761		4,181		6.91
Total borrowed funds	114,491		3,589		6.32		553,112		14,565		5.30
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	4,596,256	$	54,738	2.40	%	$	5,115,568	$	71,233	2.80	%

Noninterest bearing deposits	917,103						935,564
Other liabilities	77,662						92,581
Shareholders' equity	579,588						530,763
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	6,170,609					$	6,674,476
Net interest income (2)			$	99,746					$	73,700
Net interest spread (2)					3.03	%					1.86	%









Net interest margin (2)					3.51	%					2.37	%

Total deposits (5)	$	5,398,868	$	51,149	1.91	%	$	5,498,020	$	56,668	2.07	%
Cost of funds (6)					2.00	%					2.37	%


(1)			Average balance includes nonaccrual loans.
(2)			Tax equivalent. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(3)			Interest income includes net loan fees, loan purchase discount accretion and tax equivalent adjustments. Net loan fees were $528 thousand and $574 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Loan purchase discount accretion was $2.3 million and $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Tax equivalent adjustments were $2.0 million and $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(4)			Interest income includes tax equivalent adjustments of $0.3 million and $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(5)			Total deposits is the sum of total interest bearing deposits and noninterest bearing deposits. The cost of total deposits is calculated as annualized interest expense on deposits divided by average total deposits.
(6)			Cost of funds is calculated as annualized total interest expense divided by the sum of average total deposits and borrowed funds.

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The following table shows changes to tax equivalent net interest income attributable to (i) changes in volume and (ii) changes in rate. Changes attributable to both rate and volume have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025 Compared to 2024
	Change due to
(in thousands)	Volume		Yield/Cost		Net
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Loans, including fees (1)	$	(856)	$	3,149	$	2,293
Taxable investment securities	(5,026)		12,593		7,567
Tax-exempt investment securities (1)	(3,405)		992		(2,413)
Total securities held for investment (1)	(8,431)		13,585		5,154
Other	2,148		(44)		2,104
Change in interest income (1)	(7,139)		16,690		9,551
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Interest checking deposits	(307)		(1,500)		(1,807)
Money market deposits	(1,292)		(2,204)		(3,496)
Savings deposits	856		642		1,498
Time deposits	(891)		(823)		(1,714)
Total interest-bearing deposits	(1,634)		(3,885)		(5,519)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(12)		(3)		(15)

Other short-term borrowings	(10,325)		—		(10,325)
Total short-term borrowings	(10,337)		(3)		(10,340)
Long-term debt	(302)		(334)		(636)
Total borrowed funds	(10,639)		(337)		(10,976)
Change in interest expense	(12,273)		(4,222)		(16,495)
Change in net interest income	$	5,134	$	20,912	$	26,046
Percentage decrease in net interest income over prior period					35.3		%
(1) Tax equivalent, using a federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

Our tax equivalent net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $99.7 million, an increase of $26.0 million, or 35.3%, compared to $73.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. This increase in tax equivalent net interest income was due to an increase of $5.2 million, or 22.6%, in interest income earned from investment securities, which stemmed from higher asset yields, partially offset by lower volumes of securities. The increase was also due to an increase of $2.3 million, or 1.9%, in loan interest income stemming from higher yields, partially offset by a decrease in loan volume, an increase of $2.1 million in other interest income, coupled with decreases in interest expense on borrowed funds and interest bearing deposits of $11.0 million and $5.5 million, respectively, stemming from lower costs and volumes in all interest expense categories, except savings deposits.

The tax equivalent net interest margin for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was 3.51%, or 114 bps higher than the tax equivalent net interest margin of 2.37% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Total earning asset yield increased 77 bps compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to increases of 191 bps and 16 bps in total investment securities and loan yields, respectively. Interest bearing liability costs decreased 40 bps to 2.40%, due to long-term debt costs of 6.34% and interest bearing deposit costs of 2.30%, which decreased 57 bps and 20 bps, respectively, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Credit Loss Expense

Credit loss expense of $13.6 million was recorded in the first six months of 2025, as compared to credit loss expense of $6.0 million for the first six months of 2024. Credit loss expense in the first six months of 2025 primarily reflected the specific reserve established in connection with a single $24.0 million CRE office credit previously discussed, offset by a reduction of $0.3 million in the reserve for unfunded loan commitments. Net charge-offs in the first six months of 2025 were $3.3 million, as compared to net charge-offs of $0.7 million in the first six months of 2024. The estimation model utilized by the Company is sensitive to changes in the following forecast inputs: (1) national unemployment; (2) year-to-year change in national retail sales; (3) year-to-year change in CRE index; and (4) year-to-year change in U.S. GDP. In addition, management utilized qualitative factors to adjust the calculated ACL as appropriate. Qualitative factors are based on management’s judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.

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Noninterest Income

The following table presents the significant components of noninterest income and the related dollar and percentage change from period to period:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Investment services and trust activities	$	7,249	$	7,007	$	242	3.5	%
Service charges and fees	4,321		4,300		21		0.5
Card revenue	3,678		3,850		(172)		(4.5)
Loan revenue	2,611		2,381		230		9.7
Bank-owned life insurance	1,734		1,328		406		30.6

Investment securities gains, net	33		69		(36)		(52.2)
Other	759		12,369		(11,610)		(93.9)
Total noninterest income	$	20,385	$	31,304	$	(10,919)	(34.9)	%

Total noninterest income for the first six months of 2025 decreased $10.9 million to $20.4 million, from $31.3 million during the same period of 2024, primarily due to the decline in other revenue stemming from the $11.1 million gain realized in connection with the sale of our Florida banking operations in the second quarter of 2024, coupled with a $0.5 million decrease in swap origination fee income. Partially offsetting these decreases were increases of $0.4 million, $0.2 million, and $0.2 million in BOLI, investment services and trust activities, and loan revenue, respectively. The increase in BOLI was due primarily to a death benefit recognized in the first quarter of 2025. The increase in investment services and trust activities revenue was driven by higher assets under administration. The increase in loan revenue was due primarily to a $0.4 million increase in SBA gain on sale revenue, partially offset by an unfavorable change in the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents the significant components of noninterest expense and the related dollar and percentage change from period to period:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Compensation and employee benefits	$	42,223	$	41,915	$	308	0.7	%
Occupancy expense of premises, net	5,128		5,248		(120)		(2.3)
Equipment	4,976		5,130		(154)		(3.0)
Legal and professional	4,379		4,312		67		1.6
Data processing	3,184		3,005		179		6.0
Marketing	1,314		1,234		80		6.5
Amortization of intangibles	2,660		3,230		(570)		(17.6)
FDIC insurance	1,768		1,993		(225)		(11.3)
Communications	320		387		(67)		(17.3)
Foreclosed assets, net	157		496		(339)		(68.3)
Other	5,951		4,376		1,575		36.0


Total noninterest expense	$	72,060	$	71,326	$	734	1.0	%

The following table summarizes the acquisition and divestiture-related expenses incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, which are included in the respective income statement line items, for the periods indicated:


Merger-related expenses:	Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Compensation and employee benefits	$	—	$	314
Occupancy expense of premises, net	—		152
Equipment	—		177
Legal and professional	40		1,035
Data processing	—		312
Marketing	—		32
Communications	—		9
Other	—		137
Total merger-related expenses	$	40	$	2,168

Noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $72.1 million, an increase of $0.7 million, or 1.0%, from $71.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and was largely driven by increases of $1.6 million and $0.3 million in

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other expense and compensation and employee benefits, respectively. The increase in other expense stemmed primarily from customer deposit costs. The increase in compensation and employee benefits was primarily driven by annual compensation adjustments, increased incentives and commission and employee benefits expenses, partially offset by the receipt of $1.1 million from Employee Retention Credit claims. Further, excluding merger-related expenses, legal and professional costs increased $1.1 million due primarily to higher litigation-related legal expenses, coupled with increases in consulting and audit fees. Those increases were partially offset by lower intangible amortization, foreclosed assets, net costs, and FDIC insurance costs, which decreased $0.6 million, $0.3 million, and $0.2 million, respectively.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective income tax rate, or income tax expense divided by income before tax expense, was 21.9% for the first six months of 2025, compared to an effective tax rate of 24.0% for the first six months of 2024. The effective tax rate for the full year 2025 is expected to be in the range of 22 to 23%.

On July 4, 2025, the OBBBA was signed into law in the U.S., which contains a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the OBBBA on its business and operations; however, it is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

The table below presents the major categories of the Company's balance sheet as of the dates indicated:


(in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		$ Change		% Change
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	169,445	$	204,895	$	(35,450)	(17.3)	%
Loans held for sale	16,812		749		16,063		n/m
Debt securities available for sale at fair value	1,235,045		1,328,433		(93,388)		(7.0)

Loans held for investment, net of unearned income	4,381,188		4,315,627		65,561		1.5
Allowance for credit losses	(65,800)		(55,200)		(10,600)		19.2
Total loans held for investment, net	4,315,388		4,260,427		54,961		1.3
Other assets	424,083		441,825		(17,742)		(4.0)
Total assets	$	6,160,773	$	6,236,329	$	(75,556)	(1.2)	%
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Total deposits	$	5,388,098	$	5,477,982	$	(89,884)	(1.6)	%
Total borrowings	112,320		116,562		(4,242)		(3.6)
Other liabilities	71,315		82,089		(10,774)		(13.1)
Total shareholders' equity	589,040		559,696		29,344		5.2
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	6,160,773	$	6,236,329	$	(75,556)	(1.2)	%

n/m - Not Meaningful

Debt Securities

The composition of debt securities available for sale as of the dates indicated was as follows:


	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Balance		% of Total		Balance		% of Total
Available for Sale
U.S. Treasuries	$	35,881	2.9	%	$	50,399	3.8	%
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	15,014		1.2		9,941		0.7
States and political subdivisions	125,855		10.2		135,720		10.2
Mortgage-backed securities	305,844		24.8		323,439		24.3
Collateralized loan obligations	33,789		2.7		48,869		3.7
Collateralized mortgage obligations	605,964		49.1		646,109		48.7
Corporate debt securities	112,698		9.1		113,956		8.6
Fair value of debt securities available for sale	$	1,235,045	100.0	%	$	1,328,433	100.0	%

Total investment securities at June 30, 2025 decreased $93.4 million, or 7.03%, from December 31, 2024 to $1.24 billion. This decrease stemmed from principal cash flows received from scheduled payments, calls, and maturities. As of June 30, 2025, there was $2.9 million of gross unrealized gains and $80.7 million of gross unrealized losses in our debt securities available for sale portfolio for a net unrealized loss of $77.7 million.

See Note 3. Debt Securities to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to debt securities.

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Loans

The composition of our loan portfolio by type of loan was as follows, as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Balance		% of Total		Balance		% of Total
Agricultural	$	128,717	2.9	%	$	119,051	2.8	%
Commercial and industrial	1,226,265		28.0		1,126,813		26.1





Commercial real estate	2,313,074		52.8		2,344,681		54.2



Residential real estate	656,641		15.0		656,382		15.3
Consumer	56,491		1.3		68,700		1.6
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income	$	4,381,188	100.0	%	$	4,315,627	100.0	%
Loans held for sale	$	16,812			$	749

Loans held for investment, net of unearned income, at June 30, 2025, increased $65.6 million, or 1.5%, from December 31, 2024 to $4.38 billion, primarily driven by organic loan growth and higher line of credit usage, partially offset by a decline due to the reclassification of $11.0 million of credit card receivables to loans held for sale in the first quarter of 2025. Management expects the credit card portfolio sale to close in the fourth quarter of 2025. Our loan to deposit ratio increased to 81.31% as of June 30, 2025, as compared to 78.78% as of December 31, 2024. See Note 4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our loan portfolio.

Commitments under standby letters of credit, unused lines of credit and other conditionally approved credit lines totaled approximately $1.07 billion and $1.08 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The composition of our CRE loan portfolio as of June 30, 2025 was as follows:



(in thousands)	Amount		% of Total Loans
Construction & Development	$	280,918	6.4	%
Farmland	186,494		4.3
Multifamily	438,193		10.0
CRE Other:
NOO CRE Office	126,900		2.9
OO CRE Office	72,348		1.7
Industrial and Warehouse	421,025		9.6
Retail	299,442		6.8
Hotel	121,383		2.8
Other	366,371		8.4
Total CRE	$	2,313,074	52.8	%

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Nonperforming Assets

The following table sets forth information concerning nonperforming loans by class of receivable and our nonperforming assets at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


(in thousands)	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024

Nonaccrual loans held for investment	$	36,721		$	21,705
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	471			142
Total nonperforming loans	37,192			21,847
Foreclosed assets, net	3,414			3,337
Total nonperforming assets	40,606			25,184

Nonaccrual loans ratio (1)	0.84		%	0.50		%
Nonperforming loans ratio (2)	0.85		%	0.51		%
Nonperforming assets ratio (3)	0.66		%	0.40		%

(1) Nonaccrual loans ratio is calculated as nonaccrual loans divided by loans held for investment, net of unearned income, at the end of the period.
(2) Nonperforming loans ratio is calculated as total nonperforming loans divided by loans held for investment, net of unearned income, at the end of the period.
(3) Nonperforming assets ratio is calculated as total nonperforming assets divided by total assets at the end of the period.

Compared to December 31, 2024, nonperforming loans and asset ratios increased 34 and 26 bps, respectively, primarily due to a single $24.0 million CRE office credit, partially offset by the sale of a $3.9 million CRE office credit.

Loan Review and Classification Process for Agricultural, Commercial and Industrial, and Commercial Real Estate Loans

The Bank maintains a loan review and classification process which involves multiple officers of the Bank and is designed to assess the general quality of credit underwriting and to promote early identification of potential problem loans. All commercial and agricultural loan officers are charged with the responsibility of risk rating all loans in their portfolios and updating the ratings, positively or negatively, on an ongoing basis as conditions warrant. Risk ratings are selected from a 9-point scale with ratings as follows: ratings 1- 5 Satisfactory (pass), rating 6 Special Mention (potential weakness), rating 7 Substandard (well-defined weakness), rating 8 Doubtful, and rating 9 Loss.

When a loan officer originates a new loan, based upon proper loan authorization, they document the credit file with an offering sheet summary, supplemental underwriting analysis, relevant financial information and collateral evaluations. This information is used in the determination of the initial loan risk rating. Segregation of owner-occupied and non-owner occupied residential real estate loans is made at the time of origination. The Bank’s loan review department undertakes independent credit reviews of relationships based on either criteria established by loan policy, risk-focused sampling, or random sampling. Credit relationships with larger exposure may pose incrementally higher risks. As a result, the Bank's loan review department is required to review all credit relationships with total exposure of $7.5 million or more at least annually. In addition, the individual loan reviews consider such items as: loan type; nature, type and estimated value of collateral; borrower and/or guarantor estimated financial strength; most recently available financial information; related loans and total borrower exposure; and current and anticipated performance of the loan. The results of such reviews are presented to both executive management and the Audit Committee.

Through the review of delinquency reports, updated financial statements or other relevant information, the lending officer and/or loan review personnel may determine that a loan relationship has weakened to the point that either a Special Mention (risk rating 6) or Classified (risk ratings 7 through 9) rating is warranted. At least quarterly, the loan strategy committee meets to discuss Special Mention rated credits with total relationship exposure of $1.0 million and above, Substandard or worse rated credits with total relationship exposure of $500 thousand and above, as well as non-accrual credits with total relationships exposure of $250 thousand and above. Loan relationships outside these designated thresholds are reviewed upon request. The lending officer is charged with preparing a loan strategy summary worksheet that outlines the background of the credit problem, current repayment status of the loans, current collateral evaluation and a workout plan of action. This plan may include goals to improve the credit rating, assist the borrower in moving the loans to another institution and/or collateral liquidation. All such reports are presented to the loan strategy committee. Further, a report on all Pass (risk rating 5) loans with total exposure of $2.0 million and above is made verbally to the loan strategy committee, with loan relationships outside this threshold being reviewed upon request. The minutes of the loan strategy committee meetings are provided to the board of directors of the Bank.

Depending upon the individual facts and circumstances and the result of the loan strategy review process, loan officers and/or loan review personnel may categorize a loan relationship as requiring an individual analysis. Once that determination has occurred, the credit analyst will complete an individually analyzed worksheet that contains an evaluation of the collateral (for collateral-dependent loans) based upon the estimated collateral value, adjusting for current market conditions and other local

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factors that may affect collateral value. Loan review personnel may also complete an independent individual analysis when deemed necessary. These judgmental evaluations may produce an initial specific reserve for recognition in the Company’s allowance for credit losses calculation. An analysis for the underlying collateral value of each individually analyzed loan relationship is completed in the last month of the quarter. The individually analyzed worksheets are reviewed by the Credit Administration department prior to quarter-end. The board of directors of the Bank on a quarterly basis reviews the special mention/classified reports including changes in credit grades of 6 or higher as well as all individually analyzed loans, the related allowances and foreclosed assets, net.

The review process also provides for the upgrade of loans that show improvement since the last review. All requests for an upgrade of a credit are approved by the proper authority based upon the aggregate credit exposure before the rating can be changed.

Loan Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Infrequently, the Company makes modification to certain loans in order to alleviate temporary difficulties in the borrower's financial condition and/or constraints on the borrower's ability to repay a loan, and to minimize potential losses to the Company. GAAP requires that certain types of modifications be reported, including:

• Principal forgiveness.

• Interest rate reduction.

• An other than-insignificant payment delay.

• Term extension.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the amortized cost of the loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress was $3.6 million, which represented 0.08% of total loans held for investment, net of unearned income. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the amortized cost of the loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress was $4.7 million, which represented 0.11% of total loans held for investment, net of unearned income.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table sets forth the allowance for credit losses by loan portfolio segment compared to the percentage of loans to total loans by loan portfolio segment for the periods indicated:


	June 30, 2025					December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Allowance for Credit Losses			% of Loans in Each Segment to Total Loans		Allowance for Credit Losses			% of Loans in Each Segment to Total Loans
Agricultural	$	419		2.9	%	$	249		2.8	%
Commercial and industrial	22,768			28.0		21,040			26.1
Commercial real estate	36,076			52.8		27,641			54.2
Residential real estate	5,266			15.0		4,929			15.3
Consumer	1,271			1.3		1,341			1.6
Total	$	65,800		100.0	%	$	55,200		100.0	%

Allowance for credit losses ratio (1)	1.50		%			1.28		%

Allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans ratio (2)	179.19		%			254.32		%

(1) Allowance for credit losses ratio is calculated as allowance for credit losses divided by loans held for investment, net of unearned income at the end of the period.

(2) Allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans ratio is calculated as allowance for credit losses divided by nonaccrual loans at the end of the period.

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The following table sets forth the net (charge-offs) recoveries by loan portfolio segments for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
(in thousands)	Agricultural			Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Total
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Charge-offs	$	(27)		$	(83)		$	(1)		$	(33)		$	(297)		$	(441)
Recoveries	1			27			170			9			45			252
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	$	(26)		$	(56)		$	169		$	(24)		$	(252)		$	(189)

Net (charge-off) recovery ratio (1)	—		%	(0.01)		%	0.02		%	—		%	(0.02)		%	(0.02)		%

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Charge-offs	$	—		$	(469)		$	—		$	(56)		$	(260)		$	(785)
Recoveries	—			223			6			4			28			261
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	$	—		$	(246)		$	6		$	(52)		$	(232)		$	(524)

Net (charge-off) recovery ratio (1)	—		%	(0.02)		%	—		%	—		%	(0.02)		%	(0.05)		%

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
(in thousands)	Agricultural			Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Total
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Charge-offs	$	(27)		$	(186)		$	(2,636)		$	(72)		$	(675)		$	(3,596)
Recoveries	2			54			175			13			76			320
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	$	(25)		$	(132)		$	(2,461)		$	(59)		$	(599)		$	(3,276)

Net (charge-off) recovery ratio (1)	—		%	(0.01)		%	(0.11)		%	—		%	(0.03)		%	(0.15)		%

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Charge-offs	$	(4)		$	(768)		$	(35)		$	(75)		$	(550)		$	(1,432)
Recoveries	355			269			14			13			68			719
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	$	351		$	(499)		$	(21)		$	(62)		$	(482)		$	(713)

Net (charge-off) recovery ratio (1)	0.02		%	(0.02)		%	—		%	—		%	(0.02)		%	(0.03)		%

(1) Net (charge-off) recovery ratio is calculated as the annualized net (charge-offs) recoveries divided by average loans held for investment, net of unearned income and average loans held for sale, during the period.

Actual Results: Our ACL as of June 30, 2025 was $65.8 million, which was 1.50% of loans held for investment, net of unearned income as of that date. This compares with an ACL of $55.2 million as of December 31, 2024, which was 1.28% of loans held for investment, net of unearned income as of that date. The increase in the ACL primarily reflected the specific reserve established in connection with the single CRE office credit previously discussed. The liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures totaled $4.3 million as of June 30, 2025 and $4.6 million as of December 31, 2024, and is included in 'Other liabilities' on the balance sheet.

The Company recorded a credit loss expense related to loans of $13.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to credit loss expense related to loans of $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Gross charge-offs for the first six months of 2025 totaled $3.6 million, while there were $0.3 million in gross recoveries of previously charged-off loans. The ratio of annualized net charge-offs to average loans for the first six months of 2025 was 0.15% compared to 0.03% for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Economic Forecast: At June 30, 2025, the economic forecast used by the Company showed the following: (1) national unemployment - increases over the next four forecasted quarters; (2) year-to-year change in national retail sales - increases over the next four forecasted quarters; (3) year-to-year change in CRE index - increases over the next two forecasted quarters, with decreases in the third and fourth forecasted quarters; and (4) year-to-year change in U.S. GDP - increases over the next four forecasted quarters. In addition, management utilized qualitative factors to adjust the calculated ACL as appropriate. Qualitative factors are based on management’s judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.

Loan Policy: We review all nonaccrual relationships greater than $250 thousand individually on a quarterly basis to measure any amount to be recognized in the Company's allowance for credit losses by analyzing the borrower's ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies, and other relevant factors. We review loans 90 days or more past due that are still accruing

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interest no less than quarterly to determine if the asset is both well secured and in the process of collection. If not, such loans are placed on non-accrual status. Upon the Company's determination that a loan balance has been deemed uncollectible, the uncollectible balance is charged-off.

Management believed that, as of June 30, 2025, the ACL was adequate; however, there is no assurance losses will not exceed the ACL. In addition, growth in the loan portfolio or general economic deterioration may require the recognition of additional credit loss expense in future periods. See Note 4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the allowance for credit losses.

Deposits

The composition of deposits was as follows:


	As of June 30, 2025				As of December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Balance		% of Total		Balance		% of Total
Noninterest bearing deposits	$	910,693	16.9	%	$	951,423	17.4	%
Interest checking deposits	1,206,096		22.5		1,258,191		22.9
Money market deposits	971,048		18.0		1,053,988		19.2
Savings deposits	851,636		15.8		820,549		15.0
Total non-maturity deposits	3,939,473		73.2		4,084,151		74.5
Time deposits of $250 and under	837,302		15.5		826,793		15.1
Brokered deposits	200,000		3.7		200,000		3.7
Time deposits over $250	411,323		7.6		367,038		6.7
Total time deposits	$	1,448,625	26.8	%	$	1,393,831	25.5	%
Total deposits	$	5,388,098	100.0	%	$	5,477,982	100.0	%

Deposits as of June 30, 2025 decreased $89.9 million from December 31, 2024, or 1.6%, to $5.39 billion. Brokered time deposits were $200.0 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Core deposits, which include the total of all deposits other than time deposits greater than $250 thousand and brokered deposits, were approximately 88.7% of our total deposits as of June 30, 2025, compared to 89.6% as of December 31, 2024. See Note 8. Deposits to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our deposits.

Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

The following table sets forth the composition of short-term borrowings and long-term debt as of the dates presented:


(in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	—	$	3,186







Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts	$	42,560	$	42,471
Subordinated debentures	64,334		64,268
Finance lease payable	286		398
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings	5,140		4,239
Other long-term debt	—		2,000
Total long-term debt	$	112,320	$	113,376

In June 2025, the Company provided notice to the trustee of its intent to redeem all $65.0 million aggregate principal of its 5.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated notes due 2030. To complete the redemption, the Company utilized a combination of cash on hand and proceeds from a $50.0 million senior term note. The senior term note is structured as a 5-year maturity, 7-year amortization facility, and bears interest at a floating rate of 1-month term SOFR plus 1.75%. The financing pursuant to the senior note closed on July 29, 2025, and the redemption of the subordinated notes occurred on July 30, 2025.

See Note 9. Short-Term Borrowings and Note 10. Long-Term Debt to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to short-term borrowings and long-term debt.

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Capital Resources

Shareholders' Equity and Capital Adequacy

The following table summarizes certain equity capital ratios and book value per share amounts of the Company at the dates presented:


	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Common equity ratio	9.56		%	8.97		%
Tangible common equity ratio (1)	8.19		%	7.57		%
Total risk-based capital ratio	14.44		%	14.07		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	11.88		%	11.59		%
Common equity tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	11.02		%	10.73		%
Tier 1 leverage ratio	9.62		%	9.15		%
Book value per share	$	28.36		$	26.94
Tangible book value per share (1)	$	23.92		$	22.37
(1) A non-GAAP financial measure - see the “Non-GAAP Presentations” section for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent.

Shareholders' Equity: Total shareholders’ equity was $589.0 million as of June 30, 2025, compared to $559.7 million as of December 31, 2024, an increase of $29.3 million, or 5.2%, due primarily to a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss and an increase in retained earnings.

Capital Adequacy: Risk-based capital guidelines require the classification of assets and some off-balance-sheet items in terms of credit-risk exposure and the measuring of capital as a percentage of the risk-adjusted asset totals. Management believed that, as of June 30, 2025, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which we were subject. As of that date, the Bank was “well capitalized” under regulatory prompt corrective action provisions. See Note 12. Regulatory Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Subsidiary Cash to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our capital.

Stock Compensation

Restricted stock units were granted to certain officers of the Company on February 15, 2025, in the aggregate amount of 99,284. In the second quarter of 2025, a total of 14,183 restricted stock units were also granted to directors of the Company and the Bank on May 15, 2025. Additionally, during the first six months of 2025, 68,508 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the vesting of previously awarded grants of restricted stock units, of which 13,014 shares were surrendered by grantees to satisfy tax requirements, and 4,468 unvested restricted stock units were forfeited.

Liquidity

Liquidity risk management involves meeting the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers. We conduct liquidity risk management on both a daily and long-term basis, and adjust our investments in liquid assets based on expected loan demand, projected loan maturities and payments, expected deposit flows, yields available on interest-bearing deposits, and the objectives of our asset/liability management program. Generally, excess liquidity is invested in short-term U.S. government and agency securities, short- and medium-term state and political subdivision securities, and other investment securities. Our most liquid assets are cash and due from banks, interest-bearing bank deposits, and federal funds sold. The balances of these assets are dependent on our operating, investing, and financing activities during any given period.

Cash and cash equivalents are summarized in the table below:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2025		As of December 31, 2024
Cash and due from banks	$	78,696	$	71,803
Interest-bearing deposits	90,749		133,092

Total	$	169,445	$	204,895

Generally, our principal sources of funds are deposits, advances from the FHLB, principal repayments on loans, proceeds from the sale of loans, proceeds from the maturity and sale of investment securities, our federal funds lines, and funds provided by operations. While scheduled loan amortization and maturing interest-bearing deposits are relatively predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by economic conditions, the general level of interest rates, and competition. We utilized particular sources of funds based on comparative costs and availability. The Bank maintains unsecured lines of credit with several correspondent banks and secured lines with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and the

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FHLB that would allow us to borrow funds on a short-term basis, if necessary. We also hold debt securities classified as available for sale that could be sold to meet liquidity needs if necessary.

Net cash provided by operations was another major source of liquidity. The net cash provided by operating activities was $33.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the net cash provided by operating activities was $34.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Inflation

The effects of price changes and inflation can vary substantially for most financial institutions. While management believes that inflation affects the growth of total assets, it is difficult to assess its overall impact on the Company. The price of one or more of the components of the Consumer Price Index may fluctuate considerably and thereby influence the overall Consumer Price Index without having a corresponding effect on interest rates or upon the cost of those goods and services normally purchased by us. Inflation and related increases in market rates by the Federal Reserve generally decrease the market value of investments and loans held and may adversely affect liquidity, earnings and shareholders' equity. Ongoing higher inflation levels and higher interest rates could have a negative impact on both our consumer and commercial borrowers. We anticipate our noninterest income may be adversely affected in future periods as a result of sustained high interest rates and inflationary pressure, which negatively impact mortgage originations and mortgage banking revenue. Additionally, the economic impact of the sustained higher levels of inflation and higher interest rates could place increased demand on our liquidity if we experience significant credit deterioration and as we meet borrowers' needs. There is also a risk that additional interest rate increases to fight inflation could lead to a recession.

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements

During the normal course of business, we are a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in order to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans, and standby letters of credit. We follow the same credit policy (including requiring collateral, if deemed appropriate) to make such commitments as is followed for those loans that are recorded in our financial statements.

Our exposure to credit losses in the event of nonperformance is represented by the contractual amount of the commitments. Management does not expect any significant losses as a result of these commitments, and also expects to have sufficient liquidity available to cover these off-balance-sheet instruments. Off-balance-sheet transactions are more fully discussed in Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements.

Contractual Obligations

There have been no material changes to the Company's contractual obligations existing at December 31, 2024, as disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Certain ratios and amounts not in conformity with GAAP are provided to evaluate and measure the Company’s operating performance and financial condition, including return on average tangible equity, tangible common equity, tangible book value per share, tangible common equity ratio, efficiency ratio, net interest margin (tax equivalent), core net interest margin, adjusted earnings, and adjusted earnings per share. Management believes these ratios and amounts provide investors with useful information regarding the Company’s profitability, financial condition and capital adequacy, consistent with how management evaluates the Company’s financial performance.

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The following tables provide a reconciliation of each non-GAAP measure to the most comparable GAAP equivalent:


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(in thousands)	June 30,						June 30,
Return on Average Tangible Equity	2025			2024			2025			2024

Net income	$	9,980		$	15,819		$	25,118		$	19,088
Intangible amortization, net of tax (1)	931			1,195			1,978			2,423

Tangible net income	$	10,911		$	17,014		$	27,096		$	21,511

Average shareholders' equity	$	587,708		$	533,994		$	579,588		$	530,763
Average intangible assets, net	(92,733)			(99,309)			(93,447)			(97,302)
Average tangible equity	$	494,975		$	434,685		$	486,141		$	433,461

Return on average equity	6.81		%	11.91		%	8.74		%	7.23		%
Return on average tangible equity (2)	8.84		%	15.74		%	11.24		%	9.98		%

(1) The income tax rate utilized was the blended marginal rate.
(2) Annualized tangible net income divided by average tangible equity.


(in thousands, except per share data)
Tangible Common Equity/Tangible Book Value per Share / Tangible Common Equity Ratio	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024

Total shareholders’ equity	$	589,040		$	559,696
Intangible assets, net	(92,147)			(94,807)
Tangible common equity	$	496,893		$	464,889

Total assets	$	6,160,773		$	6,236,329
Intangible assets, net	(92,147)			(94,807)
Tangible assets	$	6,068,626		$	6,141,522

Book value per share	$	28.36		$	26.94
Tangible book value per share (1)	$	23.92		$	22.37
Shares outstanding	20,769,577			20,777,485

Equity to assets ratio	9.56		%	8.97		%
Tangible common equity ratio (2)	8.19		%	7.57		%

(1) Tangible common equity divided by shares outstanding.
(2) Tangible common equity divided by tangible assets.


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(in thousands)	June 30,						June 30,
Net Interest Margin, Tax Equivalent/Core Net Interest Margin	2025			2024			2025			2024
Net interest income	$	49,982		$	36,347		$	97,421		$	71,078
Tax equivalent adjustments:
Loans (1)	1,022			938			2,003			1,858
Securities (1)	160			377			322			764
Net interest income, tax equivalent	$	51,164		$	37,662		$	99,746		$	73,700
Loan purchase discount accretion	(1,142)			(1,261)			(2,308)			(2,413)
Core net interest income	$	50,022		$	36,401		$	97,438		$	71,287

Net interest margin	3.49		%	2.33		%	3.42		%	2.29		%
Net interest margin, tax equivalent (2)	3.57		%	2.41		%	3.51		%	2.37		%
Core net interest margin (3)	3.49		%	2.33		%	3.42		%	2.29		%
Average interest earning assets	$	5,745,664		$	6,282,494		$	5,736,992		$	6,248,828

(1) The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(2) Annualized tax equivalent net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.
(3) Annualized core net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.

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	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(in thousands)	June 30,						June 30,
Efficiency Ratio	2025			2024			2025			2024

Total noninterest expense	$	35,767		$	35,761		$	72,060		$	71,326
Amortization of intangibles	(1,252)			(1,593)			(2,660)			(3,230)
Merger-related expenses	—			(854)			(40)			(2,168)

Noninterest expense used for efficiency ratio	$	34,515		$	33,314		$	69,360		$	65,928

Net interest income, tax equivalent (1)	$	51,164		$	37,662		$	99,746		$	73,700
Noninterest income	10,249			21,554			20,385			31,304
Investment security gains, net	—			(33)			(33)			(69)
Net revenues used for efficiency ratio	$	61,413		$	59,183		$	120,098		$	104,935

Efficiency ratio (2)	56.20		%	56.29		%	57.75		%	62.83		%
(1) The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(2) Noninterest expense adjusted for amortization of intangibles and merger-related expenses divided by the sum of tax equivalent net interest income, noninterest income and net investment securities gains.


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)	June 30,				June 30,
Adjusted Earnings	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	9,980	$	15,819	$	25,118	$	19,088


Less: Investment securities gains, net of tax (1)	—		24		24		51

Less: Mortgage servicing rights loss, net of tax (1)	(196)		96		(355)		(177)


Plus: Merger-related expenses, net of tax (1)	—		634		30		1,608
Less: Gain on branch sale, net of tax (1)	—		8,201		—		8,201

Adjusted earnings	$	10,176	$	8,132	$	25,479	$	12,621

Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	20,843,471		15,780,935		20,845,572		15,775,110

Earnings per common share
Earnings per common share - diluted	$	0.48	$	1.00	$	1.20	$	1.21
Adjusted earnings per common share (2)	$	0.49	$	0.52	$	1.22	$	0.80
(1) The income tax rate utilized was the blended marginal tax rate.
(2) Adjusted earnings divided by weighted average diluted common shares outstanding.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

In general, market risk is the risk of change in asset values due to movements in underlying market rates and prices. Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and capital arising from movements in interest rates. Interest rate risk is the most significant market risk affecting us as other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk, do not arise in the normal course of our business activities.

In addition to interest rate risk, economic conditions in recent years have made liquidity risk (namely, funding liquidity risk) a more prevalent concern among financial institutions. In general, liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to fund an entity’s obligations to creditors (including, in the case of banks, obligations to depositors) as such obligations become due and/or fund its acquisition of assets.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity refers to our ability to fund operations, to meet depositor withdrawals, to provide for our customers’ credit needs, and to meet maturing obligations and existing commitments. Our liquidity principally depends on cash flows from operating activities, investment in and maturity of assets, changes in balances of deposits and borrowings, and our ability to borrow funds.

Net cash inflows from operating activities were $33.6 million in the first six months of 2025, compared with net cash inflows from operating activities of $34.8 million in the first six months of 2024. Net cash inflows from investing activities were $37.6 million in the first six months of 2025, compared to net cash outflows from investing activities of $0.7 million in the comparable six month period of 2024. Net cash outflows from financing activities in the first six months of 2025 were $106.6 million, compared with net cash outflows from financing activities of $14.3 million for the same period of 2024.

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To manage liquidity risk, the Bank has several sources of liquidity in place to maximize funding availability and increase the diversification of funding sources. The criteria for evaluating the use of these sources include volume concentration (percentage of liabilities), cost, volatility, and the fit with the current asset/liability management plan. These acceptable sources of liquidity include:

• Federal Funds Lines;

• Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window;

• Federal Home Loan Bank Advances;

• Brokered Deposits; and

• Brokered Repurchase Agreements

Federal Funds Lines: Federal funds positions provide a source of short-term liquidity funding for the Bank. Unsecured federal funds purchased lines are viewed as a volatile liability and are not used as a long-term funding solution, especially when used to fund long-term assets. The current federal funds purchased limit is 10% of total assets, or the amount of established federal funds lines, whichever is smaller. As of June 30, 2025, the Bank maintains several unsecured federal funds lines totaling $135.0 million, which lines are tested annually to ensure availability. There were no amounts outstanding under such lines at June 30, 2025.

Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window: The Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window is an additional source of liquidity, particularly during periods of economic uncertainty or stress. As of June 30, 2025, the Bank had investment securities consisting primarily of corporate debt, state and political subdivisions, mortgage backed, collateralized loan obligations and collateralized mortgage obligations, with an approximate market value of $323.0 million, pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago for liquidity purposes and had additional borrowing capacity of $302.9 million. There were no outstanding borrowings through the FRB Discount Window at June 30, 2025.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances: FHLB advances provide both a source of liquidity and long-term funding for the Bank. All credit exposure, including advances and federal funds borrowings from the FHLBDM are collateralized primarily by one- to four-family residential, commercial and agricultural real estate first mortgages equal to various percentages of the total outstanding notes. The current credit limit established by the FHLBDM is equal to 45% of the Bank's total assets. This credit capacity limit includes short-term and long-term borrowings, federal funds, letters of credit, and other sources of credit exposure to the FHLB. As of June 30, 2025, the Bank had no short-term FHLB advances and $5.1 million in long-term FHLB borrowings and additional borrowing capacity of $541.5 million.

Brokered Deposits and Reciprocal Deposits: The Bank has brokered time deposit and non-maturity deposit relationships available to diversify its funding sources. Brokered deposits offer several benefits relative to other funding sources, such as: maturity structures which cannot be duplicated in the current retail market, deposit gathering which does not cannibalize the existing deposit base, the unsecured nature of these liabilities, and the ability to quickly generate funds. The Bank’s internal policy limits the use of brokered deposits as a funding source to no more than 20% of total assets. Board approval is required to exceed this limit. The Bank must maintain a “well capitalized” rating to access brokered deposits without FDIC waiver. An “adequately capitalized” rating requires an FDIC waiver to access brokered deposits and an “undercapitalized” rating prohibits the Bank from using brokered deposits. The Company had brokered deposits of $200.0 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Under a final rule that was issued by the FDIC in December 2018, financial institutions that are considered "well capitalized" qualify for the exemption of certain reciprocal deposits from being considered brokered deposits. Such exemption is limited to the lesser of 20 percent of total liabilities or $5.00 billion, with some exceptions for financial institutions that do not meet such criteria. At June 30, 2025, the Company had $25.6 million of reciprocal time deposits, $123.2 million of reciprocal interest bearing non-maturity deposits, and $69.8 million noninterest bearing non-maturity deposits that qualified for the brokered deposit exemption. These reciprocal deposits are part of the IntraFi Network Deposits program, which is used by financial institutions to spread deposits that exceed the FDIC insurance coverage limits out to numerous institutions in order to provide insurance coverage for all participating deposits.

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Brokered Repurchase Agreements: Brokered repurchase agreements may be established with approved brokerage firms and banks. Repurchase agreements create rollover risk (the risk that a broker will discontinue the relationship due to market factors) and are not used as a long-term funding solution, especially when used to fund long-term assets. Collateral requirements and availability are evaluated and monitored. The current policy limit for brokered repurchase agreements is 15% of total assets. There were no outstanding brokered repurchase agreements at June 30, 2025.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is defined as the exposure of net interest income and fair value of financial instruments (interest-earning assets, deposits and borrowings) to movements in interest rates. The Company’s results of operations depend to a large degree on its net interest income and its ability to manage interest rate risk. The Company considers interest rate risk to be a significant market risk. The major sources of the Company’s interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and re-pricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the shape of the yield curve, changes in customer behavior and changes in relationships between rate indices (basis risk). Management measures these risks and their impact in various ways, including through the use of income simulation and valuation analyses. Multiple interest rate scenarios are used in this analysis which include changes in interest rates, spread narrowing and widening, yield curve twists and changes in assumptions about customer behavior in various interest rate scenarios. A mismatch between maturities, interest rate sensitivities and prepayment characteristics of assets and liabilities results in interest rate risk. Like most financial institutions, we have material interest rate risk exposure to changes in both short-term and long-term interest rates, as well as variable interest rate indices (e.g., the prime rate or SOFR).

The Bank’s asset and liability committee meets regularly and is responsible for reviewing its interest rate sensitivity position and establishing policies to monitor and limit exposure to interest rate risk. Our asset and liability committee seeks to manage interest rate risk under a variety of rate environments by structuring our balance sheet and off-balance-sheet positions in such a way that changes in interest rates do not have a large negative impact. The risk is monitored and managed within approved policy limits.

We use a third party service to model and measure our exposure to potential interest rate changes. For various assumed hypothetical changes in market interest rates, numerous other assumptions are made, such as prepayment speeds on loans and securities backed by mortgages, the slope of the Treasury yield-curve, the rates and volumes of our deposits, and the rates and volumes of our loans. There are two primary tools used to evaluate interest rate risk: net interest income simulation and EVE. In addition, interest rate gap is reviewed to monitor asset and liability repricing over various time periods.

Net Interest Income Simulation: Management utilizes net interest income simulation models to estimate the near-term effects of changing interest rates on its net interest income. Net interest income simulation involves projecting net interest income under a variety of scenarios, which include varying the level of interest rates and shifts in the shape of the yield curve. Management exercises its best judgment in making assumptions regarding events that management can influence, such as non-contractual deposit re-pricings, and events outside management’s control, such as customer behavior on loan and deposit activity and the effect that competition has on both loan and deposit pricing. These assumptions are subjective and, as a result, net interest income simulation results will differ from actual results due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, changes in market conditions, customer behavior and management strategies, among other factors. We perform various sensitivity analyses on assumptions of deposit attrition and deposit re-pricing.

The following table presents the anticipated effect on net interest income over a twelve month period if short- and long-term interest rates were to sustain an immediate decrease of 100 bps or 200 bps, or an immediate increase of 100 bps or 200 bps:


	Immediate Change in Rates
(in thousands)	-200			-100			+100			+200
June 30, 2025
Dollar change	$	(12,845)		$	(5,117)		$	4,725		$	9,268
Percent change	(5.9)		%	(2.4)		%	2.2		%	4.3		%
December 31, 2024
Dollar change	$	(16,026)		$	(7,283)		$	6,707		$	13,028
Percent change	(7.8)		%	(3.5)		%	3.2		%	6.3		%

As of June 30, 2025, 43.6% of the Company’s earning asset balances will reprice or are expected to pay down in the next twelve months, and 39.3% of the Company’s deposit balances are low cost or no cost deposits.

Economic Value of Equity: Management also uses EVE to measure risk in the balance sheet that might not be taken into account in the net interest income simulation analysis. Net interest income simulation highlights exposure over a relatively short

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time period, while EVE analysis incorporates all cash flows over the estimated remaining life of all balance sheet positions. The valuation of the balance sheet, at a point in time, is defined as the discounted present value of asset cash flows minus the discounted present value of liability cash flows. EVE analysis addresses only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate the run-off replacement assumptions that are used in the net interest income simulation model. As with the net interest income simulation model, EVE analysis is based on key assumptions about the timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows and does not take into account any potential responses by management to anticipated changes in interest rates.

Interest Rate Gap: The interest rate gap is the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities re-pricing within a given period and represents the net asset or liability sensitivity at a point in time. An interest rate gap measure could be significantly affected by external factors such as loan prepayments, early withdrawals of deposits, changes in the correlation of various interest-bearing instruments, competition, or a rise or decline in interest rates.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, and the Chief Accounting Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, and the Chief Accounting Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, and the Chief Accounting Officer, have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2025.

The effectiveness of our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, and evaluating the controls and procedures, the assumptions used in identifying the likelihood of future events, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. As a result, there can be no assurance that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors or fraud or ensure that all material information will be made known to appropriate management in a timely fashion. By their nature, our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance regarding management’s control objectives.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We and our subsidiaries are from time to time parties to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. We believe that there is no threatened or pending proceeding, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business, against us or our subsidiaries or of which our property is the subject, which, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated business or financial condition.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Repurchase of Equity Securities

The following table sets forth information about the Company’s purchases of its common stock during the second quarter of 2025:


	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (2)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
April 1 - 30, 2025	—	$	—	—	$	15,000,000
May 1 - 31, 2025	—	—		—	15,000,000
June 1 - 30, 2025	63,402	27.65		63,402	13,247,140
Total	63,402	$	27.65	63,402	$	13,247,140

(1) During the three months ended June 30, 2025, 63,402 shares of common stock were repurchased by the Company under the current share repurchase program, with no shares surrendered by employees of the Company to pay withholding taxes on vesting of restricted stock unit awards.

(2) On April 27, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program, allowing for the repurchase of up to $15.0 million of the Company's common stock through December 31, 2025. Since April 28, 2023 and through June 30, 2025, the Company has repurchased 126,712 shares of common stock, leaving $11.5 million available to be repurchased. The Company expects to acquire shares of common stock under the program through open market or private transactions as may be deemed advisable from time to time (including, without limitation, pursuant to one or more 10b5-1 trading plans which would permit shares to be repurchased when the Company might otherwise be precluded from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or other regulatory restrictions). The program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any shares of its common stock, and other than repurchases that have been completed to date, there is no assurance that the Company will do so or that the Company will repurchase shares at favorable prices. The program may be suspended or terminated at any time and, even if fully implemented, the program may not enhance long-term shareholder value.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit

Number

Description

Incorporated by Reference to:

3.1

Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on March 14, 2008

Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-147628) filed with the SEC on January 14, 2008

3.2

Articles of Amendment (First Amendment) to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on January 23, 2009

Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 23, 2009

3.3

Articles of Amendment (Second Amendment) to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on February 4, 2009 (containing the Certificate of Designations for the Company’s Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A)

Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2009

3.4

Articles of Amendment (Third Amendment) to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc., filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on April 21, 2017

Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on May 4, 2017

3.5

Third Amended and Restated Bylaws, as Amended of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. as of July 22, 2025

Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 24, 2025

4.1

Form of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement

Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Form S-8 filed with the SEC on May 5, 2023

4.2

Form of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement

Exhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Form S-8 filed with the SEC on May 5, 2023

4.3

Amended Form of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement

Exhibit 10.19 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025

4.4

Amended Form of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement

Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025

10.1

Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement by and between MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association dated February 12, 2024

Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024

10.2

Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and between MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association dated July 29, 2025

Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 31, 2025

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)

Filed herewith

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)

Filed herewith

31.3

Certification of Principal Accounting Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)

Filed herewith

32.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed herewith

32.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed herewith

32.3

Certification of Principal Accounting Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed herewith

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Exhibit

Number

Description

Incorporated by Reference to:

101

The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.

Filed herewith

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

Filed herewith

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

M ID W EST O NE F INANCIAL G ROUP , I NC .

Dated:

August 5, 2025

By:

/s/ CHARLES N. REEVES

Charles N. Reeves

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

By:

/s/ BARRY S. RAY

Barry S. Ray

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

By:

/s/ JOHN J. RUPPEL

John J. Ruppel

Chief Accounting Officer

(Principal Accounting Officer)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

MOFG 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2025

Exhibits