MPU 10-Q Quarterly Report March 31, 2019

MEGA MATRIX CORP.

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10-Q 1 acy1q201910q.htm AEROCENTURY CORP. REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2019

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 001-13387

AeroCentury Corp.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware		94-3263974
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1440 Chapin Avenue, Suite 310

Burlingame, California 94010

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(650) 340-1888

(Registrant’s Telephone Number Including Area Code)

None

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	ACY	NYSE American

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding a s of May 15, 2019 was 1,545,884.

As used in this report, unless the context indicates otherwise, “AeroCentury” refers to AeroCentury Corp. and the “Company” refers to AeroCentury together with its consolidated subsidiaries.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). All statements in this report other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements for purposes of these provisions, including any statements of the Company’s plans and objectives for future operations, the Company’s future financial or economic performance (including known or anticipated trends), and the assumptions underlying or related to the foregoing. Statements that include the use of terminology such as "may," "will," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "estimates," "potential," or "continue," or the negative thereof, or other comparable terminology, are forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements in this report include statements about the following matters, although this list is not exhaustive:

·	The Company’s business plans and strategies, including its continued focus on acquiring used regional aircraft, any potential for acquiring and managing new types and models of regional aircraft, and its expectation that most of its future growth will be outside of North America;

Matters related to the Company’s merger with JetFleet Holding Corp. ("JHC"), which was completed on October 1, 2018, and the anticipated impact of the merger on the Company and its performance, including any changes to the Company’s risk profile now that the Company has internalized the management services previously performed for the Company by JetFleet Management Corp. ("JMC"), a subsidiary of JHC, and the expectation that the combination effected by the merger could be accretive to the Company and create value for the stockholders of the combined post-merger company;

Certain industry trends and their impact on the Company and its performance, including: increasing competition that results in higher acquisition prices for many of the aircraft types that the Company has targeted to buy and, at the same time, downward pressure on lease rates for these aircraft; increased production of new regional aircraft in competition with used aircraft; relatively lower market demand for older aircraft types that are no longer in production, which could cause certain of the Company’s aircraft to remain off lease for significant periods of time; and expectations of shakeouts of weaker carriers in economically troubled regions, which could impact the financial condition and viability of certain of the Company’s customers, and as a result, their demand for the Company’s aircraft and their ability to fulfill their lease commitments and other obligations to the Company under existing leases;

·	Expectations about the Company’s future liquidity, cash flow and capital requirements;

The Company’s ability to comply with its credit facility (the “Credit Facility”), recently established term loans (the “Term Loans”) and other outstanding debt instruments, including making payments of principal and interest thereunder as and when required and complying with the financial and other covenants included in these instruments and the Company’s ability to effectively hedge interest rate fluctuation risk;

·	The Company’s ability to access additional sources of capital in the future as and when needed, in the amounts desired, on terms favorable to the Company, or at all;

·	The expected impact of existing or known threatened legal proceedings;

·	The effect on the Company and its customers of complying with applicable government and regulatory requirements in the numerous jurisdictions in which the Company and its customers operate;

·	The Company’s cyber vulnerabilities and the anticipated effects on the Company if a cybersecurity threat or incident were to materialize;

·	General economic, market, political and regulatory conditions, including anticipated changes in these conditions and the impact of such changes on customer demand and other facets of the Company’s business; and

·	The impact of the foregoing on the prevailing market price and trading volume of the Company’s common stock.

All of the Company’s forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially from those projected or assumed by such forward-looking statements. Among the factors that could cause such differences are: the continued availability of financing under the Credit Facility or otherwise; the Company’s ability to comply with the covenants under its Credit Facility, Term Loans and other debt instruments; the potential impact on the Company’s debt obligations of developments regarding LIBOR, including the potential phasing out of this metric; the Company's ability to locate and acquire appropriate and revenue-producing assets; deterioration of the market for or appraised values of aircraft owned by the Company; a surge in interest rates; any noncompliance by the Company's lessees with obligations under their respective leases, including payment obligations; any economic downturn or other financial crisis; the timing, rate and amount of maintenance expenses for the Company’s asset portfolio, as well as the distribution of these expenses among the assets in the portfolio; following completion of the merger with JHC, the Company's ability to internalize the management services previously performed by JMC and the costs to the Company to internally perform these services; the Company's ability to raise capital on acceptable terms when needed and in desired amounts, or at all; limited trading volume in the Company's stock; and the other factors detailed under " Factors That May Affect Future Results and Liquidity " in Item 2 of this report. In addition, the Company operates in a competitive and evolving industry in which new risks emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict all of the risks it may face, nor can it assess the impact of all factors on its business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors could cause actual results to differ from expectations. As a result of these and other potential risks and uncertainties, the Company’s forward-looking statements should not be relied on or viewed as predictions of future events.

This cautionary statement should be read as qualifying all forward-looking statements included in this report, wherever they appear. All forward-looking statements and descriptions of risks included in this report are made as of the date hereof based on information available to the Company as of the date hereof, and except as required by applicable law, the Company assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statement or risk for any reason. You should, however, consult the risks and other disclosures described in the reports the Company files from time to time with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) after the date of this report for updated information.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

AeroCentury Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

ASSETS
	March 31,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,045,200		$	1,542,500
Securities		121,000			121,000
Accounts receivable, including deferred rent of $1,250,000 and $869,600 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		5,131,100			3,967,200
Finance leases receivable		14,249,300			15,250,900
Aircraft and aircraft engines held for lease, net of accumulated depreciation of $36,133,500 and $36,675,500 at March 31 , 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		174,310,900			184,019,900
Assets held for sale		10,134,800			10,223,300
Property, equipment and furnishings, net of accumulated depreciation of $4,000 and $2,200 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		68,500			69,100
Lease right of use, net of accumulated amortization of $100,300 at March 31, 2019		1,372,500			-
Favorable lease acquired, net of accumulated amortization of $61,700 at December 31, 2018		-			863,300
Deferred tax asset		315,100			254,900
Prepaid expenses and other assets		365,300			840,100
Total assets	$	214,113,700		$	217,152,200
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	412,100		$	1,025,600
Accrued payroll		100,600			78,600
Notes payable and accrued interest, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $5,497,700 and $674,300 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		131,230,700			131,092,200
Derivative liability		941,000			-
Lease liability		573,900			-
Maintenance reserves		25,796,900			28,527,500
Accrued maintenance costs		666,700			463,300
Security deposits		3,052,800			3,367,800
Unearned revenues		4,594,600			3,274,800
Deferred income taxes		7,020,400			7,537,100
Income taxes payable		172,100			497,400
Total liabilities		174,561,800			175,864,300
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding		-			-
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 1,759,216 shares issued and 1,545,884 shares outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		1,800			1,800
Paid-in capital		16,782,800			16,782,800
Retained earnings		26,232,400			27,540,600
Accumulated other comprehensive income		(427,800	)		-
		42,589,200			44,325,200
Treasury stock at cost, 213,332 shares at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		(3,037,300	)		(3,037,300	)
Total stockholders’ equity		39,551,900			41,287,900
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	214,113,700		$	217,152,200

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

AeroCentury Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Revenues and other income:
Operating lease revenue	$	7,148,300		$	6,462,900
Maintenance reserves revenue, net		-			1,050,000
Finance lease revenue		236,100			379,000
Net gain/(loss) on disposal of assets		178,300			(8,200	)
Other income		4,200			1,400
		7,566,900			7,885,100
Expenses:
Depreciation		3,200,700			2,941,900
Interest		2,912,400			2,254,100
Provision for impairment in value of aircraft		1,408,400			-
Professional fees, general and administrative and other		825,500			577,400
Salaries and employee benefits		599,000			-
Management fees		-			1,446,800
Maintenance		107,400			91,200
Insurance		140,500			79,700
Other taxes		37,600			22,600
		9,231,500			7,413,700
(Loss)/income before income tax benefit		(1,664,600	)		471,400
Income tax (benefit)/provision		(356,400	)		154,100
Net (loss)/income	$	(1,308,200	)	$	317,300
(Loss)/earnings per share:
Basic	$	(0.85	)	$	0.22
Diluted	$	(0.85	)	$	0.22
Weighted average shares used in (loss)/earnings per share computations:
Basic		1,545,884			1,416,699
Diluted		1,545,884			1,416,699

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

AeroCentury Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Net (loss)/income	$	(1,308,200	)	$	317,300
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized losses on derivative instruments		(544,800	)		-
Tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive loss		117,000			-
Other comprehensive loss		(427,800	)		-
Total comprehensive (loss)/income	$	(1,736,000	)	$	317,300

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

AeroCentury Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019

(Unaudited)

	Number of Common Stock Shares Outstanding		Common Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Total
Balance, December 31, 2017		1,416,699	$	1,600	$	14,780,100	$	35,621,800		$	(3,036,800	)	$	-		$	47,366,700
Net income		-		-		-		317,300			-			-			317,300
Balance, March 31, 2018		1,416,699	$	1,600	$	14,780,100	$	35,939,100		$	(3,036,800	)	$	-		$	47,684,000

Balance, December 31, 2018		1,545,884	$	1,800	$	16,782,800	$	27,540,600		$	(3,037,300	)	$	-		$	41,287,900
Net loss		-		-		-		(1,308,200	)		-			-			(1,308,200	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		-		-		-		-			-			(427,800	)		(427,800	)
Balance, March 31, 2019		1,545,884	$	1,800	$	16,782,800	$	26,232,400		$	(3,037,300	)	$	(427,800	)	$	39,551,900

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

AeroCentury Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,957,200		$	4,552,000
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of aircraft and aircraft engines held for lease, net of re-sale fees		1,710,600			3,195,000
Proceeds from sale of assets held for sale, net of re-sale fees		1,079,900			1,683,500
Investment in aircraft parts and acquisition costs		-			(1,236,000	)
Net cash provided by investing activities		2,790,500			3,642,500
Financing activities:
Issuance of notes payable – Credit Facility		5,100,000			-
Repayment of notes payable – Credit Facility		(33,800,000	)		(11,000,000	)
Issuance of notes payable – Term Loans		44,310,000			-
Repayment of notes payable - UK LLC SPE Financing		(9,211,100	)
Repayment of notes payable – Term Loans		(1,580,700	)		(1,059,200	)
Debt issuance costs		(5,063,200	)		-
Net cash used in financing activities		(245,000	)		(12,059,200	)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		6,502,700			(3,864,700	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		1,542,500			8,657,800
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	8,045,200		$	4,793,100

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid interest totaling $2,014,200 and $2,055,100, respectively. The Company paid income taxes of $421,400 and $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

AeroCentury Corp.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) The Company and Basis of Presentation

AeroCentury Corp. (“AeroCentury”) is a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1997. AeroCentury together with its consolidated subsidiaries is referred to as the “Company.”

In August 2016, AeroCentury formed two wholly-owned subsidiaries, ACY 19002 Limited (“ACY 19002”) and ACY 19003 Limited (“ACY 19003”) for the purpose of acquiring aircraft using a combination of cash and third-party financing (“UK LLC SPE Financing” or “special purpose financing”) separate from AeroCentury’s credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). The UK LLC SPE Financing was repaid in full in February 2019 as part of a refinancing involving new non-recourse term loans totaling approximately $44.3 million (“Term Loans”) made to ACY 19002, ACY 19003 and two other newly formed special purpose subsidiaries of AeroCentury. See Note 4(b) for more information about the Term Loans.

On October 1, 2018, AeroCentury acquired JetFleet Holding Corp. (“JHC”) in a reverse triangular merger (“Merger”) for consideration of approximately $2.9 million in cash and 129,217 shares of common stock of AeroCentury, as determined pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) entered into by AeroCentury, JHC and certain other parties in October 2017. JHC is the sole shareholder of JetFleet Management Corp. (“JMC”), which is an integrated aircraft management, marketing and financing business and the manager of the Company’s assets. Upon completion of the Merger, JHC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and as a result, JHC's results are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements beginning on October 1, 2018.

In November 2018, AeroCentury formed two wholly-owned subsidiaries, ACY SN 15129 LLC (“ACY 15129”) and ACY E-175 LLC (“ACY E-175”), for the purpose of refinancing four of the Company’s aircraft using the Term Loans. Because the Term Loans did not close until February 2019, the subject aircraft remained as collateral under the Credit Facility as of December 31, 2018, and ACY 15129 and ACY E-175 had no activity in 2018.

Financial information for AeroCentury and its consolidated subsidiaries is presented on a consolidated basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three- month period ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019 or for any other period. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

(b) Use of Estimates

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable for making judgments that are not readily apparent from other sources.

The most significant estimates with regard to these condensed consolidated financial statements are the residual values and useful lives of the Company’s long-lived assets, the amount and timing of future cash flows associated with each asset that are used to evaluate whether assets are impaired, accrued maintenance costs, accounting for income taxes, the assumptions used to value the Company’s derivative instruments and the amounts recorded as allowances for doubtful accounts.

The Company reflects changes in the fair value of its interest rate swap derivatives that are designated as hedges in other comprehensive income. Such amounts are reclassified into earnings in the periods in which the hedged transaction occurs, and are included in interest expense.

(d) Finance Leases

As of March 31 , 2019, the Company had three aircraft subject to sales-type finance leases and three aircraft subject to direct financing leases. All six leases contain lessee bargain purchase options at prices substantially below the subject asset’s estimated residual value at the exercise date for the option. Consequently, the Company has classified each of these six leases as finance leases for financial accounting purposes. For such finance leases, the Company reports the discounted present value of (i) future minimum lease payments (including the bargain purchase option) and (ii) any residual value not subject to a bargain purchase option, as a finance lease receivable on its balance sheet, and accrues interest on the balance of the finance lease receivable based on the interest rate inherent in the applicable lease over the term of the lease. For each of the three sales-type finance leases, the Company recognized as a gain or loss the amount equal to (i) the net investment in the sales-type finance lease plus any initial direct costs and lease incentives less (ii) the net book value of the subject aircraft at inception of the applicable lease.

The Company recognized interest earned on finance leases in the amount of $236,100 and $379,000 in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(e) Interest Rate Hedging

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company entered into certain derivative instruments to mitigate its exposure to variable interest rates under the Term Loans debt and a portion of the Credit Facility debt. Hedge accounting is applied to such a transaction only if specific criteria have been met, the transaction is deemed to be “highly effective” and the transaction has been designated as a hedge at its inception. Under hedge accounting treatment, generally, the effects of derivative transactions are recorded in earnings for the period in which the hedge transaction affects earnings. A change in value of a hedging instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the period in which the transaction being hedged affects earnings.

(f) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Topic 842

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (“ Topic 842 ”) in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). Topic 842 substantially modifies lessee accounting for leases, requiring that lessees recognize lease assets and liabilities for leases extending beyond one year. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company adopted Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, electing to apply its provisions on the date of adoption and to record the cumulative effect as an adjustment to retained earnings. Lessor accounting under Topic 842 is similar to the prior accounting standard and the Company has elected to apply practical expedients under which the Company will not have to reevaluate whether a contract is a lease, the classification of its existing leases or its capitalized initial direct costs. In addition, the Company, as lessor, has elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components as one combined component for its leased aircraft for purposes of determining whether that combined component should be accounted for under Topic 606 or Topic 842.

The new standard requires a lessor to classify leases as sales-type, finance, or operating. A lease is treated as sales-type if it transfers all of the risks and rewards, as well as control of the underlying asset, to the lessee. If risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, the lease is treated as a finance lease. If the lessor does not convey risks and rewards or control, an operating lease results. As a result of application of the practical expedients, the Company was not required to alter the classification or carrying value of its leased or finance lease assets.

Lessee reporting was changed by the new standard, requiring that the balance sheet reflect a liability for most operating lease obligations as well as a “right of use” asset. As such, the Company was required to record a lease obligation of approximately $600,000 in connection with the lease of its headquarters office, and to increase the capitalized leasehold interest / right of use asset by a similar amount upon adoption, as discussed in Note 6. There was no effect on retained earnings recorded as a result of adoption of the standard. The Company did not elect the lessee practical expedient to combine the lease and non-lease components.

ASU 2016-13

The FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) , in June of 2016 (“ASU 2016-13”) . ASU 2016-13 provides that financial assets measured at amortized cost are to be presented as a net amount, reflecting a reduction for a valuation allowance to present the amount expected to be collected (the “current expected credit loss” model of reporting). As such, expected credit losses will be reflected in the carrying value of assets and losses will be recognized before they become probable, as is required under the Company’s present accounting practice. In the case of assets held as available for sale, the amount of the valuation allowance will be limited to an amount that reflects the marketable value of the debt instrument. This amendment to GAAP is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 (for the Company, its fiscal year ending December 31, 2020) unless elected earlier, and adoption is to be reflected as a cumulative effect on the first date of adoption. The Company does not expect to early adopt ASU 2016-13.

ASU 2017-12

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities (“ASU 2017-12”). ASU 2017-12 was effective for public companies for years beginning after December 15, 2018, and the Company therefore adopted it on January 1, 2019. The revised guidance includes reduced limitations on items that can be hedged in order to more closely align hedge accounting with entities’ risk management activities through changes to designation and measurement guidance as well as new disclosure requirements of balance sheet and income statement information designed to increase the transparency of the impact of hedging. Since the Company was not a party to any derivative transactions during 2018, there was no effect on its financial statements upon adoption. Derivatives entered into after adoption are accounted for under the new standards.

ASU 2018-13

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 was promulgated for the purpose of simplifying disclosures related to fair values by eliminating certain disclosures previously required (including, with respect to public companies, the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the hierarchy, the policy for timing of the transfers between levels, and the valuation process for Level 3 fair value measurements and by modifying others), as well as modifying other disclosure requirements. Additional disclosures are also required by ASU 2018-13, including (i) changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period, and (ii) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements (although disclosure of other quantitative information in lieu of weighted average is permitted if it is determined that such would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect distribution of unobservable inputs). Adoption is required for years beginning after December 31, 2019, although early adoption is permitted. The Company has chosen to early adopt ASU 2018-13 and there was no effect on the Company’s financial statements.

2. Aircraft Lease Assets

As discussed in Note 1, the Company adopted Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, and elected to use certain practical expedients that resulted in continuing the classification and capitalized indirect cost associated with its operating and finance leases. As such, there was no adjustment to its accounts related to the carrying value of its sales-type and finance leases or capitalized initial direct costs, and its leases continue to be accounted for the same as they had been before adoption of the new accounting standard.

The Company’s leases are normally “triple net leases” under which the lessee is obligated to bear all costs, including tax, maintenance and insurance, on the leased assets during the term of the lease. In most cases, the lessee is obligated to provide a security deposit or letter of credit to secure its performance obligations under the lease, and in some cases is required to pay maintenance reserves based on utilization of the aircraft, which reserves are available for qualified maintenance costs during the lease term and may or may not be refundable at the end of the lease. Typically, the leases also contain minimum return conditions, as well as one form or another of economic adjustment payable by the lessee (and in some instances by the lessor) for amounts by which the various aircraft or engine components are worse or better than a targeted condition set forth in the lease. Some leases contain renewal or purchase options, although the Company’s sales-type and finance leases all contain a bargain purchase option at lease end which the Company expects the lessees to exercise.

Because all of the Company’s aircraft or engine leases transfer use and possession of the aircraft or engine to the lessee and contain no other substantial undertakings by the Company, the Company has concluded that all of its lease contracts qualify for lease accounting under Topic 842. Certain lessee payments of what would otherwise be lessor costs (such as insurance and property taxes) are excluded from both revenue and expense.

The Company evaluates the expected return on its leased assets by considering both the rents receivable over the lease term, any expected additional consideration at lease end, and the residual value of the asset at the end of the lease. In some cases, the Company depreciates the asset to the expected residual value because it expects to sell the asset at lease end; in other cases, it may expect to re-lease the asset to the same or another lessee and the depreciation term and related residual value will differ from the initial lease term and residual value. Residual value is estimated by considering future estimates provided by independent appraisers, although it may be adjusted by the Company based on expected return conditions or location, specific lessee considerations, or other market information.

Two of the Company’s operating lease assets are subject to manufacturer residual value guarantees at the end of their lease terms in the fourth quarter of 2020 and totaling approximately $20 million. Three additional aircraft are subject to residual value guarantees, but the Company expects to retain the aircraft after the date of such guarantees and re-lease them to the current or other lessees. The Company considers the best market for managing and/or selling its assets at the end of its leases, although it does not expect to retain ownership of the assets under finance leases given the lessees’ bargain purchase options.

(a) Assets Held for Lease

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s aircraft and aircraft engines held for lease consisted of the following:

	March 31 , 2019					December 31 , 2018
Type	Number Owned		% of net book value			Number owned		% of net book value
Regional jet aircraft		13		85	%		13		81	%
Turboprop aircraft		3		15	%		4		18	%
Engines		-		-	%		1		1	%

The Company purchased no aircraft during the first quarter of 2019.

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company sold one aircraft held for lease for cash and recorded a net gain of $151,600. The Company also reclassified an engine from held for lease to held for sale.

None of the Company’s aircraft and engines held for lease were off lease at March 31, 2019. As discussed below, the Company has three off-lease aircraft that were reclassified in 2018 as held for sale and an engine that was reclassified in the first quarter of 2019 as held for sale.

As of March 31 , 2019, minimum future lease revenue payments receivable under noncancelable operating leases were as follows:

Years ending December 31

Remainder of 2019	$	20,493,300
2020		25,701,400
2021		18,600,000
2022		16,642,400
2023		12,959,600
Thereafter		21,547,500
	$	115,944,200

(b) Sales-Type and Finance Leases

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the net investment included in sales-type finance leases and direct financing leases receivable were as follows:

	March 31 , 2019			December 31, 2018
Gross minimum lease payments receivable	$	15,869,400		$	17,107,100
Less unearned interest		(1,620,100	)		(1,856,200	)
Finance leases receivable	$	14,249,300		$	15,250,900

As of March 31, 2019 , minimum future payments receivable under finance leases were as follows:

Years ending December 31

Remainder of 2019	$	3,647,800
2020		4,208,600
2021		4,805,000
2022		3,208,000
	$	15,869,400

3. Assets Held for Sale

During the first quarter of 2019, based on its sales price, the Company reclassified a spare engine that was previously held for lease as being held for sale and recorded an impairment provision of $487,400. The Company also recorded impairment provisions totaling $921,000 for two turboprop aircraft based on expected sales proceeds. The Company expects the sales of the engine and two aircraft to occur during the second quarter.

In addition to the spare engine and two aircraft noted above, assets held for sale at March 31, 2019 consist of airframe parts from two turboprop aircraft and a turboprop aircraft for which a short-term operating lease was entered into during the first quarter.

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company received $216,900 in cash and accrued $94,400 in receivables for parts sales. These amounts were accounted for as follows: $133,100 reduced accounts receivable for parts sales accrued in 2018; $151,500 reduced the carrying value of the parts; and $26,700 was recorded as gains in excess of the carrying value of the parts. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company received $931,800 in cash and accrued $10,600 in receivables for parts sales. These amounts were accounted for as follows: $779,700 reduced accounts receivable for parts sales accrued in 2017; $144,600 reduced the carrying value of the parts; and $18,100 was recorded as gains in excess of the carrying value of the parts.

4. Notes Payable and Accrued Interest

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s notes payable and accrued interest consisted of the following:

	March 31 , 2019			December 31 , 2018
Credit Facility:
Principal	$	93,700,000		$	122,400,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(4,129,200	)		(674,300	)
Accrued interest		180,700			139,300
Special purpose financing:
Principal:
UK SPE Financing		-			9,211,200
Term Loans		42,729,400			-
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(1,368,500	)		-
Accrued interest		118,300			16,000
	$	131,230,700		$	131,092,200

(a) Credit Facility

Before modification, the Company’s Credit Facility was provided by a syndicate of banks and was secured by all of the assets of the Company, including its aircraft and engine portfolio, except for the two aircraft in the UK LLC SPE Financing. In February 2019, the Company entered into a Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement to the Credit Facility (the “Restated Loan Agreement”) which, among other things, extended the maturity date of the Credit Facility with the lenders thereunder from May 31, 2019 to February 19, 2023; decreased the maximum availability thereunder from $170 million (with the ability for the Company to request an increase up to $180 million) to $145 million (with the ability for the Company to request an increase to up to $160 million); and modified certain of the Company’s financial ratio covenants. Borrowings under the Credit Facility will continue to bear interest at floating rates that reset periodically to a market benchmark rate plus a credit margin, and the Company will also continue to be obligated to pay a quarterly fee on any unused portion of the Credit Facility at a rate of 0.50%. The Credit Facility requires that within 30 days after closing of the financing, the Company enter into an interest rate protection derivative instrument with respect to a minimum $50 million of the outstanding loan balance at closing. In March 2019, the Company entered into interest rate protection instruments with respect to $50 million of its Credit Facility debt.

The borrowings under the Restated Loan Agreement are secured by a first priority lien on all of the Company's assets, including the Company’s aircraft portfolio, except those aircraft that are subject to the Term Loans. The Restated Loan Agreement requires the Company to comply with certain covenants relating to payment of taxes, preservation of existence, maintenance of property and insurance, and periodic financial reporting, as well as compliance with several financial ratio covenants. The Restated Loan Agreement restricts the Company with respect to certain corporate level transactions and transactions with affiliates or subsidiaries without consent of the lenders. Events of default under the Restated Loan Agreement include failure to make a required payment within three business days of a due date or to comply with other obligations under the Restated Loan Agreement (subject to specified cure periods for certain events of default), a default under other indebtedness of the Company, and a change in control of the Company. Remedies for default under the Restated Loan Agreement include acceleration of the outstanding debt and exercise of any remedies available under applicable law, including foreclosure on the collateral securing the borrowings under the Credit Facility.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company was not in compliance with the interest coverage, debt service coverage, no-net-loss and revenue concentration covenants under the Credit Facility. The noncompliance resulted primarily from the Company recording aircraft impairment charges and losses on sale of aircraft totaling $3,408,700 during 2018. The amendments included in the Restated Loan Agreement in February 2019 discussed above cured the December 31, 2018 noncompliance and revised the compliance requirements through the extended maturity date of the Credit Facility.

The unused amount of the Credit Facility was $51,300,000 and $47,600,000 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on the Credit Facility was 6.00% and 5.92% at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 respectively.

(b) Term Loans

On February 8, 2019, the Company, through four wholly owned subsidiary limited liability companies (“LLC Borrowers”), each entered into a Term Loan Agreement with the U.S. branch of a German bank (“Term Loan Lender”) that provides for six separate term loans with an aggregate principal amount of $44.3 million. Each of the Term Loans is secured by a first priority security interest in a specific aircraft (“Term Loan Collateral Aircraft”) owned by an LLC Borrower, the lease for such aircraft, and a pledge by the Company of its membership interest in each of the LLC Borrowers, pursuant to a Security Agreement (the “Security Agreement”) among the LLC Borrowers and a security trustee, and certain pledge agreements. Two of the Term Loan Collateral Aircraft that are owned by the Company’s two UK special purpose entities were previously financed using special purpose financing. The interest rates payable under the Term Loans vary by aircraft, and are based on a fixed margin above either 30-day or 3-month LIBOR. The proceeds of the Term Loans were used to pay down the Credit Facility and pay off the UK LLC SPE Financing. The maturity of each Term Loan varies by aircraft, with the first Term Loan maturing in October 2020 and the last Term Loan maturing in May 2025. The debt under the Term Loans is expected to be fully amortized by rental payments received by the LLC Borrowers from the lessees of the Term Loan Collateral Aircraft during the terms of their respective leases and remarketing proceeds.

The Term Loans include covenants that impose various restrictions and obligations on the LLC Borrowers, including covenants that require the LLC Borrowers to obtain the Term Loan Lender’s consent before they can take certain specified actions and certain events of default. If such an event of default occurs, subject to certain cure periods for certain events of default, the Term Loan Lender would have the right to terminate its obligations under the Term Loans, declare all or any portion of the amounts then outstanding under the Term Loans to be accelerated and due and payable, and/or exercise any other rights or remedies it may have under applicable law, including foreclosing on the assets that serve as security for the Term Loans.

5. Derivative Instruments

The Company was not party to any derivative instruments in 2018.

In the first quarter of 2019, the Company entered into eight fixed pay/receive variable interest rate swaps (the “Swaps”).

Six of the Swaps were entered into by the LLC Borrowers and have reduced notional amounts that mirror the amortization under the six Term Loans entered into by the LLC Borrowers, effectively converting each of the six Term Loans from variable to fixed rate. Each of these six Swaps extend for the duration of the corresponding Term Loan, with maturities from 2020 through 2025.

The other two Swaps were entered into by the Company and have notional amounts that total $50 million and extend through the maturity of the Credit Facility in February of 2023.

The Company entered into the Swaps in order to reduce its exposure to the risk of increased interest rates. With respect to the six Swaps entered into by the LLC Borrowers, it was deemed necessary so that the anticipated cash flows of such entities, which arise entirely from the lease rents for the aircraft owned by such entities, would be sufficient to make the required loan principal and interest payments, thereby preventing default so long as the lessees met their lease rent obligations. The two Swaps entered into by the parent company protect against the exposure to interest rate increases on $50 million of the Company’s Credit Facility debt.

The Company estimates the fair value of derivative instruments using a discounted cash flow technique and uses creditworthiness inputs that corroborate observable market data evaluating the Company’s and counterparties’ risk of non-performance. Valuation of the derivative instruments requires certain assumptions for underlying variables and the use of different assumptions would result in a different valuation. Management believes it has applied assumptions consistently during the period. The Company applies hedge accounting for seven of its eight swaps and accounts for the change in fair value of its cash flow hedges through other comprehensive income for all derivative instruments.

The Company has designated seven of the Swaps as cash flow hedges. Changes in the fair value of the hedged swaps are included in other comprehensive income, which amounts are reclassified into earnings in the period in which the transaction being hedged affects earnings. One of the Swaps is not eligible under its terms for hedge treatment. Changes in fair value of non-hedge derivatives are reflected in earnings in the periods in which they occur. As such, the Company has reflected the following amounts in its income and other comprehensive income amounts:

Change in value of Swaps	$	408,400
Other items		(1,300	)
Included in interest expense	$	407,100

The following amount was included in other comprehensive income, before tax:

Change in value of hedged Swaps	$	(544,800	)

Amounts included in other comprehensive income will be reclassified into earnings in the period in which the hedged item affects earnings, i.e. with future settlements of the Swaps. None of the current balance of accumulated other comprehensive income is expected to be reclassified in the next twelve months.

At March 31, 2019, the fair value of the Company’s Swaps was as follows:

Designated interest rate hedges fair value	$	(895,800	)
Other interest rate swap		(45,200	)
Total derivative (liability)	$	(941,000	)

The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of the counterparties under its hedging agreements. The swap counterparties for the Swaps are large financial institutions in the United States that possessed an investment grade credit rating. Based on this rating, the Company believes that the counterparties were creditworthy and that their continuing performance under the hedging agreements was probable.

6. Lease Right of Use Asset and Liability

The Company is a lessee under a lease of the office space it occupies in Burlingame, California, which expires in June of 2020, but also provides for two, successive one-year lease extension options for amounts that are substantially below the market rent for the property. The lease provides for monthly rental payments according to a fixed schedule of increasing rent payments. As a result of the below-market extension options, the Company has determined that it is reasonably certain that it will extend the lease and has, therefore, included such extended term in its calculation of the right of use asset (“ROU Asset”) and lease liability recognized in connection with the lease.

In addition to a fixed monthly payment schedule, the office lease also includes an obligation for the Company to make future variable payments for certain common areas and building operating and lessor costs, which have been and will be recognized as expense in the periods in which they are incurred. As a direct pass-through of applicable expense, such costs have not been allocated as a component of the lease.

The ROU Asset includes the amortized value of both the amount of liability recognized at January 1, 2019 upon adoption of Topic 842 and the amount attributable to the below market lease component recognized upon acquisition of JHC on October 1, 2018.

The lease liability associated with the office lease was calculated by discounting the fixed, minimum lease payments over the remaining lease term, including the below-market extension periods, at a discount rate of 7.25%, which represents the Company’s estimate of the incremental borrowing rate for a collateralized loan for the type of underlying asset that was the subject of the office lease at the time the lease liability was evaluated. The Company estimates that the future minimum lease commitments for base rent of its office space were as follows as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.:

	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
2019	$	145,800		$	193,500
2020		196,400			196,400
2021		199,300			199,300
2022		101,100			101,100
		642,600		$	690,300
Discount		(68,700	)
Lease liability at March 31, 2019	$	573,900

During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized amortization, finance costs and other expense related to the office lease as follows:

Fixed rental expense during the quarter	$	110,900
Variable lease expense		32,000
Total lease expense during the quarter	$	142,900

The Company expects that the variable lease expense will total approximately $10,700 monthly through the end of the lease, including the two extension periods.

7. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs, to the extent possible. The fair value hierarchy under GAAP is based on three levels of inputs.

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

As of March 31, 2019, the Company measured the fair value of its interest rate swaps of $92,729,400 (notional amount) based on Level 2 inputs, due to the usage of inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data. The Company estimates the fair value of derivative instruments using a discounted cash flow technique and has used creditworthiness inputs that corroborate observable market data evaluating the Company’s and counterparties’ risk of non-performance. The Swaps had a net fair value of negative $941,000 as of March 31, 2019. In the first quarter of 2019, $408,400 was realized through the income statement as an increase in interest expense.

The following table shows, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets at fair value as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	March 31, 2019										December 31, 2018
	Total			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	3,157,500		$	3,157,500	$	-		$	-	$	656,400	$	656,400	$	-	$	-
Derivatives		(941,000	)		-		(941,000	)		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	2,216,500		$	3,157,500	$	(941,000	)	$	-	$	656,400	$	656,400	$	-	$	-

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 in either the first quarter of 2019 or 2018, and there were no transfers into or out of Level 3 during the same periods.

Assets Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company determines fair value of long-lived assets held and used, such as aircraft and aircraft engines held for lease and these and other assets held for sale, by reference to independent appraisals, quoted market prices (e.g., offers to purchase) and other factors. These are considered Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. An impairment charge is recorded when the Company believes that the carrying value of an asset will not be recovered through future net cash flows and that the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. The Company recorded impairment charges totaling $1,408,400 on three of its assets held for sale in the first quarter of 2019, which had an aggregate fair value of $3,363,000. The Company recorded no impairment charges during the first quarter of 2018.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments, other than cash and cash equivalents, consist principally of finance leases receivable, amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility, notes payable under special purpose financing and its derivative instruments. The fair value of accounts receivable, accounts payable and the Company’s maintenance reserves and accrued maintenance costs approximates the carrying value of these financial instruments because of their short-term maturities. The fair value of finance lease receivables approximates the carrying value as discussed in Note 1( d) . The fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments is discussed in Note 5.

Borrowings under the Company’s Credit Facility bear floating rates of interest that reset periodically to a market benchmark rate plus a credit margin. The Company believes the effective interest rate under the Credit Facility approximates current market rates for such indebtedness at the dates of the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and therefore that the outstanding principal and accrued interest of $93,880,700 and $122,539,300 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, approximate their fair values on such dates. The fair value of the Company’s outstanding balance of its Credit Facility is categorized as Level 3 under the GAAP fair value hierarchy.

Before their repayment in February 2019 in connection with the Term Loans refinancing, the amounts payable under the UK LLC SPE Financing were payable through the fourth quarter of 2020 and bore a fixed rate of interest, as described in Note 4(b). As discussed above, during February 2019, the UK LLC SPE Financing and four assets that previously served as collateral under the Credit Facility were refinanced using the Term Loans. The Company believes the effective interest rate under the special purpose financings approximates current market rates for such indebtedness at the dates of the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and therefore that the outstanding principal and accrued interest of $42,847,700 and $9,227,200 approximate their fair values at March 31 , 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Such fair value is categorized as Level 3 under the GAAP fair value hierarchy.

There were no transfers in or out of assets or liabilities measured at fair value under Level 3 during 2018 or the three months ended March 31, 2019.

8. Acquisition of Management Company

In October 2017, AeroCentury, JHC and certain other parties entered into the Merger Agreement for the acquisition of JHC by AeroCentury for consideration of approximately $2.9 million in cash and 129,217 shares of common stock of AeroCentury, as determined pursuant to the Merger Agreement. JHC is the sole shareholder of JMC, which is the manager of the Company’s assets as described in Note 11 below. The Merger was consummated on October 1, 2018. AeroCentury ’s common stock issued as consideration in the Merger was offered and sold pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 3(a)(10) of the Securities Act of 1933.

As a result of the Merger, the Company indirectly assumed all of JHC’s assets, comprised primarily of securities, prepaid expenses and an office lease, as well as liabilities of approximately $0.9 million. As a subsidiary of the Company, JHC’s results are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements beginning on October 1, 2018.

During the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company accrued $0 and $200,000, respectively, of expenses related to the Merger transaction. Such expenses are included in professional fees, general and administrative and other in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, the Company may be subject to lawsuits, arbitrations and administrative proceedings from time to time. The Company believes that the outcome of any existing or known threatened proceedings, even if determined adversely, should not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

10. Computation of (Loss)/Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Net (loss)/income	$	(1,308,200	)	$	317,300
Weighted average shares outstanding for the period used in computation of basic and diluted (loss)/earnings per share		1,545,884			1,416,699
Basic (loss)/earnings per share	$	(0.85	)	$	0.22
Diluted (loss)/earnings per share	$	(0.85	)	$	0.22

Basic (loss)/ earnings per common share is computed using net (loss)/ income and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted (loss)/ earnings per common share is computed using net (loss)/ income and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, assuming dilution. Weighted average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution, include potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period.

11 . Related Party Transactions

See the description of the Merger Agreement between the Company and JHC in Note 8 above, pursuant to which the Company acquired JHC in the Merger and JHC became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company on October 1, 2018.

Before completion of the Merger, the Company’s portfolio of aircraft assets was managed and administered under the terms of a management agreement with JMC (the “Management Agreement”). Certain officers of the Company were also officers of JHC and JMC and held significant ownership positions in both JHC and the Company, and JHC was also a significant stockholder of AeroCentury. Under the Management Agreement, JMC received a monthly management fee based on the net asset value of the Company’s assets under management. JMC also received an acquisition fee for locating assets for the Company. Acquisition fees were included in the cost basis of the asset purchased. JMC also received a remarketing fee in connection with the re-lease or sale of the Company’s assets. Remarketing fees were amortized over the applicable lease term or included in the gain or loss on sale.

Fees incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2018 consisted of $1,446,800 of management fees.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis should be read together with the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements. Please see the cautionary note regarding these statements at the beginning of this report.

Overview

The Company provides leasing and finance services to regional airlines worldwide. The Company is principally engaged in leasing its aircraft portfolio, primarily consisting of mid-life regional aircraft, through operating leases and finance leases to its globally diverse customer base of eleven airlines in nine countries. In addition to leasing activities, the Company sells aircraft from its operating lease portfolio to third parties, including other leasing companies, financial services companies, and airlines. Its operating performance is driven by the composition of its aircraft portfolio, the terms of its leases, the interest rate of its debt, as well as asset sales.

The Company purchased no aircraft during the first quarter of 2019. During the same period, the Company sold one aircraft for cash, and reclassified an engine from held for lease to held for sale. The Company ended the quarter with a total of sixteen aircraft held for lease, with a net book value of approximately $174 million. This represents a 5% decrease compared to the net book value of the Company’s aircraft and engines held for lease at December 31, 2018. In addition to the aircraft held for lease at quarter-end, the Company held six aircraft subject to finance leases and three aircraft and an engine held for sale.

Average portfolio utilization was approximately 98% and 90% during the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. The year-to-year increase was due to sales during 2018 of assets that were off lease in the 2018 period.

The unused available borrowing capacity under the Company’s Credit Facility was $51.3 million as of March 31 , 2019, and the weighted average interest rate was 6%. In February 2019, the Credit Facility, which was to expire on May 31, 2019, was extended to February 19, 2023 and was amended in certain other respects as described under Liquidity and Capital Resources, below. Also in February 2019, the Company refinanced, using new non-recourse Term Loans with an aggregate principal of $44.3 million, four aircraft that previously served as collateral under the Credit Facility and two aircraft that previously served as collateral under special purpose subsidiary financing.

Net loss for the first quarter of 2019 was $1.3 million, compared to net income of $0.3 million in the first quarter of 2018, resulting in basic and diluted (loss)/earnings per share of $(0.85) and $0.22, respectively. Pre-tax profit margin (which the Company calculates as its (loss)/income before income tax (benefit)/provision as a percentage of its revenues and other income) was (22%) in the first quarter of 2019 compared to 6% for the first quarter of 2018.

On October 1, 2018, the Company acquired JHC by way of the Merger. JHC is the owner of JMC, the integrated aircraft management, marketing and financing business that manages and administers the Company's portfolio of aircraft assets. Before the Merger, such management and administration were performed pursuant to the terms of the Management Agreement between the Company and JMC. After the Merger, the management and administration services provided under the Management Agreement have become internalized and under the control and management of the Company itself. Expenses incurred by JMC in providing services under the Management Agreement are, as of October 1, 2018, expenses of the Company reflected in the Company’s financial statements. In addition, after October 1, 2018, the management, acquisition and remarketing fees previously paid by the Company to JMC as an unconsolidated third party are no longer reflected in the Company’s financial statements; rather, the expenses incurred by JMC in managing and administering the Company’s assets are borne by the Company directly and reflected in its financial statements accordingly.

Fleet Summary

(a) Assets Held for Lease

Key portfolio metrics of the Company’s aircraft held for lease as of March 31 , 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	March 31 , 2019		December 31, 2018
Number of aircraft and engines held for lease		16		18

Weighted average fleet age	11.1 years		11.1 years
Weighted average remaining lease term	57 months		58 months
Aggregate fleet net book value	$	174,310,900	$	184,019,900

	For the Three Months Ended March 31 ,
	2019	2018
Average portfolio utilization	98%	90%

The year-to-year increase was primarily due to sales during 2018 of assets that were off lease in the 2018 period.

The following table sets forth the net book value and percentage of the net book value, by type, of the Company’s assets that were held for lease at March 31 , 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	March 31 , 2019					December 31, 2018
Type	Number owned		% of net book value			Number owned		% of net book value
Turboprop aircraft:
Bombardier Dash-8-400		2		14	%		2		13	%
Bombardier Dash-8-300		1		2	%		2		5	%
Saab 340B Plus		-		-	%		-		-	%
Saab 340B		-		-	%		-		-	%

Regional jet aircraft:
Canadair 900		5		40	%		5		39	%
Embraer 175		3		17	%		3		16	%
Canadair 1000		2		14	%		2		14	%
Canadair 700		3		13	%		3		12	%

Engines:
Pratt & Whitney 150A		-		-	%		1		1	%

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company purchased no aircraft, and sold one aircraft and certain aircraft parts. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company purchased no aircraft and sold two aircraft that were held for lease and parts from assets that were held for sale.

The following table sets forth the net book value and percentage of the net book value of the Company’s assets that were held for lease at March 31 , 2019 and December 31, 2018 in the indicated regions (based on the domicile of the lessee):

	March 31 , 2019					December 31, 2018
Region	Net book value		% of net book value			Net book value		% of net book value
Europe	$	107,953,500		62	%	$	110,069,000		60	%
North America		66,357,400		38	%		68,485,400		37	%
Asia		-		-	%		5,465,500		3	%
	$	174,310,900		100	%	$	184,019,900		100	%

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, approximately 29%, 27% and 20% of the Company’s operating lease revenue was derived from customers in Slovenia, the United States and Spain, respectively. Operating lease revenue does not include interest income from the Company’s finance leases. The following table sets forth geographic information about the Company’s operating lease revenue for leased aircraft and aircraft equipment, grouped by domicile of the lessee:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019					2018
Region	Number of lessees		% of operating lease revenue			Number of lessees		% of operating lease revenue
Europe		4		60	%		3		56	%
North America		4		36	%		4		39	%
Asia		1		4	%		1		5	%

At March 31 , 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company also had six aircraft subject to finance leases. For the quarter ended March 31 , 2019, approximately 62% and 38% of the Company’s finance lease revenue was derived from customers in Africa and Europe, respectively.

(b) Assets Held for Sale

Assets held for sale at March 31, 2019 consisted of two Saab 340B Plus turboprop aircraft, one Bombardier Dash-8-300 aircraft, one Pratt & Whitney 150A engine and airframe parts from two turboprop aircraft.

Results of Operations

(a) Revenues and Other Income

Revenues and other income decreased by 4% to $7.6 million in the first quarter of 2019 from $7.9 million in the first quarter of 2018. The decrease was primarily a result of decreased maintenance reserves and finance lease revenues, the effects of which were partially offset by increases in operating lease revenues and gains on the sale of older assets.

Operating lease revenue increased by 11% to $7.1 million in the first quarter of 2019 from $6.5 million in the first quarter of 2018, primarily due to revenue from assets purchased in the second quarter of 2018.

Finance lease revenue decreased by 38% to $0.2 million in the first quarter of 2019 from $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2018, primarily due to a lower finance lease receivables balance in the 2019 period and the purchase by the lessee of three aircraft subject to finance leases during the third quarter of 2018.

Maintenance reserves that are retained by the Company at lease end are recorded as revenue at that time. The Company recorded no such revenue during the first quarter of 2019. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company recorded $1.1 million of such revenue, arising from cash received from the former lessee of three aircraft after such aircraft were returned to the Company by the lessee during 2017. Such amounts were not accrued at lease termination based on management’s evaluation of the creditworthiness of the lessee.

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded gains totaling approximately $0.2 million on the sale of an aircraft and aircraft parts. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company sold two aircraft and recorded a net loss of $8,200.

(b) Expenses

Total expenses increased by 25% to $9.2 million in the first quarter of 2019 from $7.4 million in the first quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily a result of increases in interest expense, salaries and employee benefits and professional fees, general and administrative and other expenses and asset impairment provisions. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in management fees.

The Company’s interest expense increased by 29% to $2.9 million in the first quarter of 2019 from $2.3 million in the same period of 2018, primarily as a result of a higher average debt balance, a higher average interest rate and $0.4 million of valuation charges related to the Company’s interest rate swaps.

Until the acquisition of JHC on October 1, 2018, management fees paid to JMC were based on the net book value of the Company’s aircraft and engines as well as finance lease receivable balances. After the Merger, JMC’s operating expenses, including salaries and employee benefits, became the responsibility of the Company. The total of management fees, salaries and employee benefits and professional fees, general and administrative and other expenses was approximately $1.4 million and $2.0 million in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Professional fees, general and administrative and other expenses in the 2018 period included $200,000 incurred in connection with the acquisition of JHC.

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded impairment charges totaling $1.4 million on two aircraft and an engine held for sale, based on expected sales proceeds. The Company recorded no impairment provisions during the first quarter of 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company is currently financing its assets and operations primarily through debt financing and excess cash flow from operations.

(a) Credit Facility

The Company has a Credit Facility, as described in Note 4(a) to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in this report. In February 2019, the Credit Facility, which had availability of $170 million (with the ability for the Company to request an increase up to $180 million) and was to mature on May 31, 2019, was extended to February 19, 2023, reduced to $145 million (with the ability for the Company to request an increase up to $160 million) and amended in certain other respects, including with respect to certain of the Company’s financial covenants thereunder.

In addition to payment obligations (including principal and interest payments on outstanding borrowings and commitment fees based on the amount of any unused portion of the Credit Facility), the Credit Facility contains financial covenants with which the Company must comply, including, but not limited to, positive earnings requirements, minimum net worth standards and certain ratios, such as debt to equity ratios.

The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility at March 31, 2019. The Company was not in compliance with the interest coverage, debt service coverage, no-net-loss and revenue concentration covenants under the Credit Facility at December 31 , 2018. The December 31, 2018 noncompliance was cured by the February 2019 amendment and restatement of the agreement governing the Credit Facility, which also revised certain of these financial covenants requirements through the February 2023 maturity date of the extended Credit Facility.

If the Company is out of compliance with any of its Credit Facility covenants at future calculation dates, it would need to request waivers or amendments of applicable covenants from the lenders if such compliance failure is not timely cured. Any such future noncompliance that is not timely cured or waived would result in a default under the Credit Facility, which could have material negative consequences, as described further below.

The Company’s ability to maintain compliance with its covenants in the Credit Facility is subject to a variety of factors, including, among others (i) unanticipated decreases in the market value of the Company’s assets, or in the rental rates deemed achievable for such assets, that cause the Company to record an impairment charge against earnings, (ii) lessee noncompliance with lease obligations, (iii) inability to locate new lessees for returned aircraft or equipment within a reasonable remarketing period, or at a rent level consistent with projected rates, (iv) inability to locate and acquire a sufficient volume of additional assets at prices that will produce acceptable net returns, (v) increases in interest rates, and (vi) inability to timely dispose of off-lease assets at prices commensurate with their market value.

Any default under the Credit Facility, if not cured in the time permitted or waived by the lenders, could result in the Company’s inability to borrow any further amounts under the Credit Facility, the acceleration of the Company’s obligation to repay amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility, or foreclosure upon any or all of the assets of the Company.

In order to reduce its exposure to the risk of increased interest rates The Company entered into two Swaps in March 2019, which have an aggregate total notional amount equal to $50 million and extend through the maturity of the Credit Facility in February of 2023.

(b) Special Purpose Financing and Term Loans

In August 2016, the Company acquired, using wholly-owned special purpose entities, two regional jet aircraft, using cash and third-party financing (referred to as “special purpose financing” or “UK LLC SPE Financing”) separate from the Credit Facility, as described in Note 4(b) to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in this report.

In February 2019, the UK LLC SPE Financing was repaid as part of a refinancing involving the Term Loans, which were made to special purpose subsidiaries of the Company. Under the Term Loans, four aircraft that previously served as collateral under the Credit Facility were moved into newly formed special purpose subsidiaries and, along with the aircraft owned by the two existing special purpose subsidiaries, were pledged as collateral under the Term Loans.

All of the Term Loans contain cross-default provisions, so that any default by a lessee of any of the subject aircraft could result in the Term Loan lender exercising its remedies under the Term Loan agreement, including, but not limited to, possession of the aircraft that is subject to a lessee default. In addition, a default under the Term Loan agreement would be a default under the Credit Facility agreement.

Collectively, the LLC Borrowers entered into six interest rate derivatives, or Swaps. Each such swap has a notional amount that mirrors the amortization under the corresponding Term Loan entered into by the LLC Borrowers, effectively converting each of the six Term Loans from variable rate to fixed rate. Each of these six Swaps extend for the length of the corresponding Term Loan, with maturities from 2020 through 2025.

The Company’s primary sources of cash from operations are payments due under the Company’s operating and finance leases, maintenance reserves, which are billed monthly to lessees based on asset usage, and proceeds from the sale of aircraft and engines.

The Company’s primary uses of cash are for (i) purchases of assets, (ii) Credit Facility and Term Loans financing interest, principal and interest swap payments, (iii) before completion of the Merger, management fees and expense reimbursement owed to JMC, (iv) after completion of the Merger, salaries, employee benefits and general and administrative expenses, (v) professional fees, including legal, accounting and directors’ fees costs and maintenance expense and (vi) reimbursement to lessees from collected maintenance reserves.

The Company’s payments for maintenance consist of reimbursements to lessees for eligible maintenance costs under their leases and maintenance incurred directly by the Company for preparation of off-lease assets for re-lease to new customers. The timing and amount of such payments may vary widely between quarterly and annual periods, as the required maintenance events can vary greatly in magnitude and cost, and the performance of the required maintenance events by the lessee or the Company, as applicable, are not regularly scheduled calendar events and do not occur at uniform intervals. The Company’s maintenance payments typically constitute a large portion of its cash needs, and the Company may from time to time borrow additional funds under the Credit Facility, if available, or seek alternative sources of financing to provide funding for these payments.

Prior to the Company’s acquisition of JHC on October 1, 2018, the Company’s portfolio of aircraft assets was managed and administered under the terms of the Management Agreement with JMC. Under the Management Agreement, JMC received a monthly management fee based on the net asset value of the Company’s assets under management. JMC also received an acquisition fee for locating assets for the Company to acquire. Acquisition fees were included in the cost basis of the asset purchased. JMC also received a remarketing fee in connection with the re-lease or sale of the Company’s assets. Remarketing fees were amortized over the applicable lease term or included in the gain or loss on sale.

Following the Merger, the risk of increased JMC expenses, including employee salaries and benefits, worldwide travel related to the management of the Company's aircraft portfolio, office rent, outside technical experts and other overhead expenses, is now the responsibility of the Company. In addition, because the management and administrative services previously performed by JMC are now internalized, the Company is no longer paying management or acquisition fees to JMC in exchange for the performance of these services. As a result, the Company expects the types, timing and amounts of, and patterns and trends with respect to, its recorded expenses to change as a result of the Merger, but the manner and extent of these changes remains uncertain until the Company has performed and controlled these functions for some period of time.

The amount of interest paid by the Company depends primarily on the outstanding balance of its Credit Facility. Although the amounts owed under the Credit Facility accrue interest at a floating rate plus an interest rate margin, and are thus dependent on fluctuations in prevailing interest rates, in March 2019 the Company entered into two interest rate swap transactions for the variable interest rate payment amounts due for $50 million of the outstanding Credit Facility debt. As a result, although the amount of interest paid by the Company under the Credit Facility will fluctuate depending on prevailing interest rates, the swap will offset some of this variability such that the Company will be affected by interest rate fluctuations under the Credit Facility only to the extent of any excess of the outstanding balance under the Credit Facility over the amount covered by the related interest rate swap. Interest related to the Company’s Term Loans also accrues at variable rates, but the Company has entered into interest rate swaps that effectively convert the Term Loans interest payments to fixed rate payments.

The Credit Facility and the Term Loans, as well as their related interest rate swap transactions, use LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing the rates at which interest accrues. LIBOR is the subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. These reforms and other pressures may cause LIBOR to disappear entirely or to perform differently than in the past. Although the consequences of these developments cannot be entirely predicted, they could include an increase in the cost to the Company of its LIBOR debt or even an acceleration of maturity of such debt if a suitable replacement index cannot be agreed upon or is not available.

Management believes that the Company will have adequate cash flow to meet its ongoing operational needs, including any required repayments under the Credit Facility and Term Loans, for at least the next 12 months from the issuance of this Quarterly Report, based upon its current estimates of future revenues and expenditures. These estimates reflect assumptions about, among other things, (i) revenues from assets to be re-leased, (ii) the amount, timing and patterns of management and administrative expenses being borne by the Company after the Merger rather than a third -party management company, (iii) cost and anticipated timing of aircraft maintenance to be performed, (iv) required debt payments, (v) timely use of proceeds of unused debt capacity for additional acquisitions of income-producing assets, and (vi) interest rates. Although the Company believes that the assumptions it has made in forecasting its cash flow are reasonable in light of experience, actual results could deviate from such assumptions. As discussed above, in Liquidity and Capital Resources – (a) Credit Facility , and below in Outlook and Factors that May Affect Future Results and Liquidity , there are a number of factors that may cause actual results to deviate from these forecasts. If these assumptions prove to be incorrect and the Company’s cash requirements exceed its cash flow, the Company would need to pursue additional sources of financing to satisfy these requirements, which may not be available when needed, on acceptable terms or at all. See Factors that May Affect Future Results and Liquidity below for more information about financing risks and limitations.

(i) Operating activities

The Company’s cash flow from operations decreased by $0.6 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018. As discussed below, the increase in cash flow was primarily a result of decreases in payments received for rent and maintenance reserves, as well as increases in payments made for salaries and employee benefits, professional fees and general and administrative expenses and income taxes. This positive effect was partially offset by a decrease in payments made for maintenance.

(A) Payments for rent

Receipts from lessees for rent decreased by $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018, primarily due to delinquencies related to one of the Company’s customers, and a decrease in the rent payable by another lessee, the effects of which were partially offset by rent for two aircraft acquired during the second quarter of 2018.

(B) Payments for maintenance reserves

Receipts from lessees for maintenance reserves decreased by $1.8 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018, primarily due to delinquencies related to one of the Company’s customers, as well as cash received in the 2018 period from the former lessee of three aircraft that were returned to the Company during 2017. Such payments were for unpaid maintenance reserves, as well as amounts due pursuant to the return conditions of the applicable leases. The Company did not accrue unpaid reserves or return condition amounts at the time of lease termination based on management’s evaluation of the creditworthiness of the lessee. Therefore, the Company has accounted for payments as they are received and recording the amount in maintenance reserves revenue in the period in which a payment is received.

Payments made for management fees decreased by $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018, primarily as a result of the Company’s acquisition of JHC on October 1, 2018. Payments made for salaries and employee benefits, which became the responsibility of the Company after the Merger, were $0.7 million in the first quarter of 2019 .

(D) Payments for maintenance

Payments made for maintenance decreased by $2.6 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 as a result of decreased maintenance performed by the Company on off-lease aircraft to prepare them for sale or re-lease.

(E) Payments for income taxes

Payments made for income taxes increased by $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 as a result of foreign income taxes related to the Company’s UK LLC SPE Financing entities.

(ii) Investing activities

During the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, the Company received net cash of $2.8 million and $4.9 million, respectively, from the sale of assets. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company used cash of $1.2 million for deposits on two aircraft that it acquired during the second quarter.

(iii) Financing activities

During the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, the Company borrowed $5.1 million $0, respectively, under the Credit Facility. In the same periods of 2019 and 2018, the Company repaid $33.8 million and $11.0 million, respectively, of its total outstanding debt under the Credit Facility. Such repayments were funded by excess cash flow, the sale of assets and, in 2019, proceeds from the Term Loans. During the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, the Company’s special purpose entities repaid $9.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of UK LLC SPE Financing. During the 2019 period, the Company also repaid $1.6 million of Term Loans principal. During the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, the Company paid $5.1 million and $0, respectively, for debt issuance and amendment fees.

(iv) Off balance sheet arrangements

The Company has no material off balance sheet arrangements.

Outlook

The Company has identified four principal factors that it believes may materially affect the Company’s growth and operating results in the near term. These and other factors that could impact the Company’s business, performance and liquidity are described in more detail under Factors that May Affect Future Results and Liquidity below.

• The Company must source additional capital, though equity financings, additional debt financings or other alternatives, in order to grow. One of the motivations for AeroCentury’s acquisition of JHC was to remove the outside management structure of the Company, which was believed to be an impediment to attracting capital sources. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional capital when needed, in the amounts desired or on favorable terms, as a successful capital-raising transaction depends on many factors, some of which are outside the Company’s control.

• On October 1, 2018, the Company acquired JHC, the parent of JMC, which has acted as the management company for the Company since the Company’s inception. The Company believes that the combination of the management function performed by JMC and the portfolio held by the Company could be accretive to the Company and could create value for the stockholders of the combined post-Merger company, but such accretion may not be realized until after transaction and integration costs in connection with the Merger have been incurred, or at all. Most of the one-time costs associated with the Merger, including a settlement loss of $2.5 million, were recognized by the Company in 2018, though there may be some additional costs recognized in future periods.

• Increased production of aircraft types in the Company’s market niche of worldwide regional aircraft has resulted in some manufacturers offering more competitive pricing for new aircraft to regional aircraft customers. In addition, notwithstanding recent interest rate increases in the United States, competition for assets in this market niche has continued to increase. Some of the Company’s newer competitors are funded by investment banks and private equity firms seeking higher yields on investment assets than are currently available from traditional income investment types. The increased competition has resulted in higher acquisition prices for many of the aircraft types that the Company has targeted to buy and, at the same time, downward pressure on lease rates for these aircraft, resulting in lower revenues and margins and, therefore, fewer acceptable acquisition opportunities for the Company. The Company anticipates this trend will continue for the short- to medium-term, but could change if and when yields on alternative investments return to a more normal historical range.

• The Company has not identified sale customers for three turboprop aircraft that are currently off lease and classified as held for sale. These aircraft are older types that are no longer in production, and as a result, the Company does not view it as unusual that market demand for these aircraft is weak and expects that they may remain unsold for a significant period of time.

Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates

The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements or during the applicable reporting period. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or the Company adjusts these estimates in future periods, the Company’s operating results and financial position could be materially affected. For a further discussion of Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates, refer to Note 1 to the Company’s financial statements in this report.

Factors that May Affect Future Results and Liquidity

The Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, prospects and reputation could be affected by a number of factors. In addition to matters discussed elsewhere in this discussion, the Company believes the following are the most significant factors that may impact the Company; however, additional or other factors not presently known to the Company or that management presently deems immaterial could also impact the Company and its performance and liquidity.

Availability of Financing. As described above, the Company must source additional capital, through equity financings, additional debt financings or other alternatives, in order to grow. One of the current primary limitations on the Company’s ability to draw under its Credit Facility or incur any other additional debt financing is the covenant limitation on the Company’s maximum debt to equity ratio. As a result, unless this ratio changes due to equity financing or otherwise, the Company’s ability to rely upon the Credit Facility as a capital resource will remain limited. Additionally, although one of the motivations for AeroCentury’s acquisition of JHC was to remove the outside management structure of the Company, which was believed to be an impediment to attracting capital sources, there could be other material factors, some of which are outside of the Company’s control, that prevent or limit the Company’s ability to access additional capital. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional capital when needed, in the amounts desired or on favorable terms in the future.

Noncompliance with Debt Financial Covenants. The Company’s use of debt as its primary form of acquisition financing subjects the Company to increased risks associated with leverage. In addition to payment obligations, the Company’s debt agreements include financial covenants, including some requiring the Company to have positive earnings, meet minimum net worth standards and comply with certain other financial ratios. The Company was not in compliance with certain of these standards and ratios under the Credit Facility as of December 31, 2018. Although this noncompliance was cured with the February 2019 amendments to the Credit Facility agreement, which revised certain of these financial covenants to better accommodate the Company’s financial circumstances as a post-Merger entity with unified asset and portfolio management and to position the Company for future growth, the Company may be subject to additional compliance failures of these or other debt covenants at future calculation dates, and the lenders are under no obligation to forbear or waive any such future noncompliance. Any default under the Credit Facility or any other debt agreement, if not cured in the time permitted or waived by the respective lender, could result in the Company’s inability to borrow under the debt instrument, the acceleration of the Company’s debt obligations, or the foreclosure upon any or all of the assets of the Company.

Credit Facility Debt Limitations. The amount available to be borrowed under the Credit Facility is limited by asset-specific advance rates. Lease arrearages or off-lease periods for a particular asset that serves as collateral under the Credit Facility may reduce the loan advance rate permitted with respect to that asset and, therefore, reduce the permitted borrowing under the facility or require repayments. Amounts subject to payment deferral agreements also reduce the amount of permitted borrowing. The Company believes it will have sufficient borrowing availability under the Credit Facility to meet its anticipated capital needs in the near term in spite of these limitations and it will have sufficient cash funds to make any required principal repayment that arises due to any such borrowing limitations, but actual cash levels could deviate from these assumptions.

Term Loan Debt Limitations . The special purpose subsidiaries, ACY 19002 Limited, ACY 19003 Limited, ACY SN 15129 LLC, and ACY E-175 LLC, that own the six aircraft serving as collateral for the Term Loans are the named borrowers (“Borrower LLCs”) under the Term Loans, and each Term Loan is secured by the corresponding aircraft owned by the applicable Borrower LLC. AeroCentury, as the parent corporation of each Borrower LLC, is not a party to the Term Loan agreements, but has entered into agreements with lessees of the Borrower LLCs to guarantee certain obligations to such lessees under each lessee’s lease agreement with a Borrower LLC and with the Term Loan Lender to guarantee certain representations, warranties and covenants delivered by the Borrower LLCs to the Term Loan Lender in connection with the refinancing transaction. As a result, although the Term Loans are non-recourse to AeroCentury, AeroCentury could become directly responsible for the Borrower LLCs’ obligations under the Term Loans and the related lease agreements pursuant to these guaranty arrangements. Moreover, any noncompliance under the Term Loans by a Borrower LLC could negatively affect the liquidity, aircraft portfolio and reputation of the Company as a whole.

The required payments under each Term Loan are expected to be funded by the operating lease rental revenue received from the lessee of the corresponding aircraft, and each Borrower LLC’s continued compliance with its Term Loan will depend upon the lessee’s compliance with its lease payment obligations. Failure by a lessee to make timely payments could result in a default under the applicable Term Loan and could result in an acceleration of all Term Loan indebtedness of the applicable Borrower LLC or foreclosure by the Term Loan lender on the applicable aircraft. Furthermore, a default by any Borrower LLC under its Term Loan would also constitute a default under the Credit Facility, and therefore any failure by a Borrower LLC’s lessee to comply with its lease payment obligations or any other compliance failure by a Borrower LLC under its Term Loan could result in the Company’s noncompliance under several of its debt agreements, which could have a material negative adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity and capital resources.

Consummation of Merger May Subject the Company to Additional Risks. On October 1, 2018 the Company acquired JHC, the parent of the Company’s management company, JMC. The acquisition of JHC subjects the Company to certain risks, including the following:

• Assumption of Expenses Covered under Management Agreement. Under the Management Agreement with JMC, the Company paid management fees to JMC based upon the book value of the Company’s aircraft assets, an acquisition fee for each asset purchased by the Company, and a remarketing/re-lease fee for each sale or re-lease transaction entered into with respect to the Company’s aircraft. In return, JMC provided the Company with comprehensive management services, under which JMC had full responsibility for payment of all employee salaries and benefits, outside technical services, worldwide travel needed to promote the Company's business, office space, utilities, IT and communications, furniture and fixtures, and other general administrative and overhead costs. Under the Management Agreement, if the fees collected were not adequate to cover JMC’s expenses in managing the Company’s portfolio, such losses were borne entirely by JMC.

Upon completion of the Merger on October 1, 2018, the Company became responsible for all expenses that were previously incurred by JMC in managing the Company. The risk of increased costs for these expenses is now the responsibility of the Company, and such costs are no longer limited to the amount of the management fee, as was the case under the third -party management structure with JMC. Consequently, the risk of any cost overruns or unanticipated expenses in asset management are borne solely by the Company and are no longer shifted to an unconsolidated third party. As a result, the Company’s expense categories, amounts, timing and patterns could change significantly in post-Merger periods and could be subject to increased period-to-period fluctuations.

• Internalization of Management. JHC is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and sole responsibility for management of the combined company now falls upon the Company’s management. If the Company is dissatisfied with management services, the Company will have to address the shortcomings internally, and if they cannot be resolved with existing management and personnel, the Company may be required to reorganize its management structure and/or replace personnel or seek new third -party management services, either of which could result in the Company incurring significant expense and use of resources.

• Assumption of JHC Liabilities. By acquiring JHC in the Merger, JHC has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. To the extent that JHC or any of its subsidiaries have liabilities, these have become liabilities of the Company on a consolidated basis. While the Merger Agreement provides for limited indemnification by JHC shareholders for certain liabilities of JHC or its subsidiaries that arise from pre-Merger occurrences and the Company performed due diligence reviews of the liabilities of JHC and its subsidiaries before completion of the Merger, the indemnification is limited to the consideration paid by the Company to JHC’s shareholders and such due diligence reviews are inherently non-exhaustive and may not have uncovered all known or contingent liabilities or presently unknown liabilities that may emerge after the Merger’s completion.

Ownership Risks. The Company’s leases typically are for a period shorter than the entire, anticipated, remaining useful life of the leased assets. As a result, the Company’s recovery of its investment and realization of its expected yield in such a leased asset is dependent upon the Company’s ability to profitably re-lease or sell the asset following the expiration of the lease. This ability is affected by worldwide economic conditions, general aircraft market conditions, regulatory changes, changes in the supply or cost of aircraft equipment, and technological developments that may cause the asset to become obsolete. If the Company is unable to remarket its assets on favorable terms when the leases for such assets expire, the Company’s financial condition, cash flow, ability to service debt, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

The Company typically acquires used aircraft equipment. The market for used aircraft equipment has been cyclical, and generally reflects economic conditions and the strength of the travel and transportation industry. The demand for and value of many types of used aircraft in the recent past has been depressed by such factors as airline financial difficulties, airline consolidations, the number of new aircraft on order, an excess supply of newly manufactured aircraft or used aircraft coming off lease, as well as introduction of new aircraft models and types that may be more technologically advanced, more fuel efficient and/or less costly to maintain and operate. Values may also increase or decrease for certain aircraft types that become more or less desirable based on market conditions and changing airline capacity. Declines in the value of the Company’s aircraft and any resulting decline in market demand for these aircraft could materially adversely affect the Company’s revenues, performance and liquidity. Also, because the Company’s ability to borrow under the current terms of its Credit Facility is subject to a covenant setting forth a maximum ratio of (i) the outstanding debt under the facility to (ii) the appraised value of the collateral base of aircraft assets securing the Credit Facility, a significant drop in the appraised market value of the portfolio could require the Company to make a substantial prepayment of outstanding principal under the Credit Facility in order to avoid a default under the Credit Facility and limit the utility of the Credit Facility as a source of future funding.

In addition, a successful investment in an asset subject to an operating lease depends in part upon having the asset returned by the lessee in the condition as required under the lease. Each operating lease obligates a customer to return an asset to the Company in a specified condition, generally in a condition that will allow the aircraft to be readily re-leased to a new lessee, and/or pay an economic settlement for redelivery that is not in compliance with such specified conditions. The Company strives to ensure this result through onsite management during the return process. However, if a lessee becomes insolvent during the term of its lease and the Company has to repossess the asset, it is unlikely that the lessee would have the financial ability to meet these return obligations. In addition, if a lessee files for bankruptcy and rejects the aircraft lease, the lessee would be required to return the aircraft but would be relieved from further lease obligations, including return conditions specified in the lease. In either case, it is likely that the Company would be required to expend funds in excess of any maintenance reserves collected to return the asset to a remarketable condition.

Several of the Company’s leases do not require payment of monthly maintenance reserves, which serve as the lessee’s advance payment for its future repair and maintenance obligations. If repossession due to lessee default or bankruptcy occurred under such a lease, the Company would need to pay the costs of unperformed repair and maintenance under the applicable lease and would likely incur an unanticipated expense in order to re-lease or sell the asset.

Furthermore, the occurrence of unexpected adverse changes that impact the Company’s estimates of expected cash flow from an asset could result in an asset impairment charge against the Company’s earnings. The Company periodically reviews long-term assets for impairment, particularly when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment charge is recorded when the carrying amount of an asset is estimated to be not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The Company recorded impairment charges for some of its aircraft in 2018 and 2019, and may be required to record asset impairment charges in the future as a result of a prolonged weak economic environment, challenging market conditions in the airline industry, events related to particular lessees, assets or asset types or other factors affecting the value of aircraft or engines.

Interest Rate Risk. Although the debt under the Term Loans is fully covered by interest rate swaps that effectively convert the variable interest rate Term Loan payments to fixed rate payments, only approximately half of the Credit Facility debt currently outstanding is subject to such an interest rate swap. As a result, the amount of interest paid by the Company under the Credit Facility will fluctuate depending on prevailing interest rates to the extent of any excess of the outstanding balance under the Credit Facility over the amount covered by the related interest rate swap. Consequently, interest rate increases could materially increase the Company’s interest payment obligations under the Credit Facility and thus could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity and financial condition. Further, because the interest rates under the Credit Facility and the Term Loans are based on LIBOR, which is the subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform, the amount of the Company’s interest payments under these arrangements could increase if LIBOR is phased out or performs differently than in the past.

Lease rates typically, but not always, move over time with interest rates, but market demand and numerous other asset-specific factors also affect lease rates. Because the Company’s typical lease rates are fixed at lease origination, interest rate changes during the lease term have no effect on existing lease rental payments. Therefore, if interest rates rise significantly and there is relatively little lease origination by the Company following such rate increases, the Company could experience decreased net income as additional interest expense outpaces revenue growth. Further, even if significant lease origination occurs following such rate increases, other contemporaneous aircraft market forces may result in lower or flat rental rates, thereby decreasing net income.

Lessee Credit Risk. The Company carefully evaluates the credit risk of each customer and attempts to obtain a third-party guaranty, letters of credit or other credit enhancements, if it deems them necessary, in addition to customary security deposits. There can be no assurance, however, that such enhancements will be available, or that, if obtained, they will fully protect the Company from losses resulting from a lessee default or bankruptcy.

If a U.S. lessee defaults under a lease and seeks protection under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, Section 1110 of the Bankruptcy Code would automatically prevent the Company from exercising any remedies against such lessee for a period of 60 days. After the 60-day period had passed, the lessee would have to agree to perform the lease obligations and cure any defaults, or the Company would have the right to repossess the equipment. However, this procedure under the Bankruptcy Code has been subject to significant litigation, and it is possible that the Company’s enforcement rights would be further adversely affected in the event of a bankruptcy filing by a defaulting lessee.

Lessees located in low-growth or no-growth areas of the world carry heightened risk of lessee default. The Company has had customers that have experienced significant financial difficulties, become insolvent, or have entered bankruptcy proceedings. A customer’s insolvency or bankruptcy usually results in the Company’s total loss of the receivables from that customer, as well as additional costs in order to repossess and, in some cases, repair the aircraft leased by the customer. The Company closely monitors the performance of all of its lessees and its risk exposure to any lessee that may be facing financial difficulties, in order to guide decisions with respect to such lessee in an attempt to mitigate losses in the event the lessee is unable to meet or rejects its lease obligations. There can be no assurance, however, that additional customers will not become insolvent, file for bankruptcy or otherwise fail to perform their lease obligations, or that the Company will be able to mitigate any of the resultant losses.

It is possible that the Company may enter into deferral agreements for overdue lessee obligations. When a customer requests a deferral of lease obligations, the Company evaluates the lessee’s financial plan, the likelihood that the lessee can remain a viable carrier, and whether the deferral is likely to be repaid according to the agreed schedule. The Company may elect to record the deferred rent and reserves payments from the lessee on a cash basis, which could have a material effect on the Company’s financial results in the applicable periods. Deferral agreements with lessees also reduce the Company’s borrowing capacity under its Credit Facility.

Concentration of Lessees and Aircraft Type. For the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Company’s four largest customers accounted for a total of approximately 76% of the Company’s monthly operating lease revenue. A lease default by or collection problem with one or a combination of any of these significant customers could have a disproportionately negative impact on the Company’s financial results and borrowing base under the Credit Facility, and, therefore, the Company’s operating results are especially sensitive to any negative developments with respect to these customers in terms of lease compliance or collection. In addition, if the Company’s revenues become overly concentrated in a small number of lessees, the Company could fail to comply with certain financial covenants in its Credit Facility related to customer concentration, which could result in the negative effects of such a default as described under Noncompliance with Debt Financial Covenants , above.

The Company’s aircraft portfolio is currently focused on a small number of aircraft types and models relative to the variety of aircraft used in the commercial air carrier market. A change in the desirability and availability of any of the particular types and models of aircraft owned by the Company could affect valuations and future rental revenues of such aircraft, and would have a disproportionately significant impact on the Company’s portfolio value. In addition, the Company is dependent on the third-party companies that manufacture and provide service for the aircraft types in the Company’s portfolio. The Company has no control over these companies, and they could decide to curtail or discontinue production of or service for these aircraft types at any time or significantly increase their costs, which could negatively impact the Company’s prospects and performance. These effects would diminish if the Company acquires assets of other types. Conversely, acquisition of additional aircraft of the types currently owned by the Company will increase the Company’s risks related to its concentration of those aircraft types.

Competition. The aircraft leasing industry is highly competitive. The Company competes with other leasing companies, banks, financial institutions, private equity firms, aircraft leasing syndicates, aircraft manufacturers, distributors, airlines and aircraft operators, equipment managers, equipment leasing programs and other parties engaged in leasing, managing or remarketing aircraft. Many of these competitors have longer operating histories, more experience, larger customer bases, more expansive brand recognition, deeper market penetration and significantly greater financial resources. Further, competition in the Company's market niche of regional aircraft has increased significantly recently as a result of increased focus on regional air carriers by competitors who have traditionally neglected this market, new entrants to the acquisition and leasing market and consolidation of certain competitors. If and as competition continues to increase, it has and will likely continue to create upward pressure on acquisition prices for many of the aircraft types that the Company has targeted to buy and, at the same time, create downward pressure on lease rates, resulting in lower revenues and margins for the Company and, therefore, fewer acceptable acquisition opportunities for the Company.

Risks Related to Regional Air Carriers. The Company’s continued focus on its customer base of regional air carriers subjects the Company to certain risks. Many regional airlines rely heavily or even exclusively on a code-share or other contractual relationship with a major carrier for revenue, and can face financial difficulty or failure if the major carrier terminates or fails to perform under the relationship or files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent. Some regional carriers may depend on contractual arrangements with industrial customers such as mining or oil companies, or franchises from governmental agencies that provide subsidies for operating essential air routes, which may be subject to termination or cancellation on short notice. Furthermore, many lessees in the regional air carrier market are start-up, low-capital, and/or low-margin operators. A current concern for regional air carriers is the supply of qualified pilots. Due to recently imposed regulations of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration requiring a higher minimum number of hours to qualify as a commercial passenger pilot, many regional airlines have had difficulty meeting their business plans for expansion. This could in turn affect demand for the aircraft types in the Company’s portfolio and the Company’s business, performance and liquidity.

General Economic Conditions and Lowered Demand for Travel. While the global economy has seen substantial improvement since the 2008 financial crisis and global recession, not all global regions are experiencing growth, and some have not fully recovered. There are indications that after recent periods of economic growth, major world economies may be headed into a period of slower growth or even recession. The Company does not anticipate any worsening of the financial condition of its overall customer base in the near term, but believes that there may be further shakeouts of weaker carriers in economically troubled regions, particularly if the world economy experiences a slowdown. Any such shakeouts or any continued or new economic recession or downturn in the regions in which the Company’s lessees operate could negatively impact the financial condition and viability of certain of the Company’s customers and, in turn, the Company’s business and performance.

A growing concern arises from the fact that much of the recent growth in demand for regional aircraft in developing countries has been driven by mining or other resource extraction operations by Chinese enterprises in these countries. A downturn in the Chinese domestic economy that reduces demand for imported raw materials could have a significant negative impact on the demand for business and regional aircraft in these developing countries, including in some of the markets in which the Company does, or seeks to do, business.

Furthermore, instability in Europe due to newly imposed U.S. sanctions against Russia and Iran, and the Russian, Iranian and European reaction to such sanctions, or due to other factors, could have a negative impact on intra-European carriers with which the Company does business. Also, Brexit and any further departures from the European Union (“EU”) could threaten “open-sky” policies under which EU -based carriers operate freely within the EU. Losing open-sky flight rights could have a significant negative impact on the health of the Company’s European lessees and, as a result, the financial performance and condition of the Company.

If international conflicts erupt into military hostilities, heightened visa requirements make international travel more difficult, terrorist attacks involving aircraft or airports occur, or a major flu outbreak occurs, passengers may avoid air travel altogether, and global air travel worldwide could be significantly affected. Any such occurrence would have an adverse impact on many of the Company’s customers.

Airline reductions in capacity in response to lower passenger loads can result in reduced demand for aircraft and aircraft engines and a corresponding decrease in market lease rental rates and aircraft values. This reduced market value could affect the Company’s results if the market value of an asset or assets in the Company’s portfolio falls below carrying value, and the Company determines that a write-down of the value is appropriate. Furthermore, if older, expiring leases are replaced with leases at decreased lease rates, the lease revenue from the Company’s existing portfolio is likely to decline, with the magnitude of the decline dependent on the length of the downturn and the depth of the decline in market rents.

Economic downturns can affect certain regions of the world more than others. As the Company’s portfolio is not entirely globally diversified, a localized downturn in one of the key regions in which the Company leases assets could have a disproportionately significant adverse impact on the Company. The Company’s significant sources of operating lease revenue by region are summarized in Fleet Summary – Assets Held for Lease, above.

International Risks. The Company leases assets in overseas markets. Leases with foreign lessees, however, may present different risks than those with domestic lessees. Most of the Company’s expected growth is outside of North America.

A lease with a foreign lessee is subject to risks related to the economy of the country or region in which such lessee is located, which may be weaker or less stable than the U.S. economy. An economic downturn in a particular country or region may impact a foreign lessee’s ability to make lease payments, even if the U.S. and other foreign economies remain strong and stable.

The Company is subject to certain risks related to currency conversion fluctuations. The Company currently has one customer with rent obligations payable in Euros, and the Company may, from time to time, agree to additional leases that permit payment in foreign currency, which would subject such lease revenue to monetary risk due to currency exchange rate fluctuations. During the periods covered by this report, the Company considers the estimated effect on its revenues of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations to be immaterial; however, the impact of these fluctuations may increase in future periods if additional rent obligations become payable in foreign currencies.

Even with U.S. dollar-denominated lease payment provisions, the Company could still be negatively affected by a devaluation of a foreign lessee’s local currency relative to the U.S. dollar, which would make it more difficult for the lessee to meet its U.S. dollar-denominated payments and increase the risk of default of that lessee, particularly if its revenue is primarily derived in its local currency.

Foreign lessees that operate internationally may also face restrictions on repatriating foreign revenue to their home country. This could create a cash flow crisis for an otherwise profitable carrier, affecting its ability to meet its lease obligations. Foreign lessees may also face restrictions on payment obligations to foreign vendors, including the Company, which may affect their ability to timely meet lease obligations to the Company.

Foreign lessees are not subject to U.S. bankruptcy laws, although there may be debtor protection similar to U.S. bankruptcy laws available in some jurisdictions. Certain countries do not have a central registration or recording system which can be used to locally record the Company’s interest in equipment and related leases. This could make it more difficult for the Company to recover an aircraft in the event of a default by a foreign lessee. In any event, collection and enforcement may be more difficult and complicated in foreign countries.

Ownership of a leased asset operating in a foreign country and/or by a foreign carrier may subject the Company to additional tax liabilities that are not present with aircraft operated in the United States. Depending on the jurisdiction, laws governing such tax liabilities may be complex, not well formed or not uniformly enforced. In such jurisdictions, the Company may decide to take an uncertain tax position based on the best advice of the local tax experts it engages, which position may be challenged by the taxing authority. Any such challenge could result in increased tax obligations in these jurisdictions going forward or assessments of liability by the taxing authority, in which case the Company may be required to pay penalties and interest on the assessed amount that would not give rise to a corresponding foreign tax credit on the Company’s U.S. tax returns.

The Trump administration and members of the U.S. Congress have made public statements about significant changes in U.S. trade policy and have taken certain actions that materially impact U.S. trade, including terminating, renegotiating or otherwise modifying U.S. trade agreements with countries in various regions and imposing tariffs on certain goods imported into the United States. These changes in U.S. trade policy have triggered and could continue to trigger retaliatory actions by affected countries, including China, resulting in “trade wars” with these countries. These trade wars could generally increase the cost of aircraft, aircraft and engine components and other goods regularly imported by the Company’s customers, thereby increasing costs of operations for its air carrier customers that are located in the affected countries. The increased costs could materially and adversely impact the financial health of affected air carriers, which in turn could have a negative impact on the Company’s business opportunities, and if the Company’s lessees are significantly affected, could have a direct impact on the Company’s financial results. Furthermore, the Company often incurs maintenance or repair expenses not covered by lessees in foreign countries, which expenses could increase if such countries are affected by such a trade war.

Level of Portfolio Diversification. The Company intends to continue to focus solely on regional aircraft. Although the Company invested in a limited number of turboprop aircraft types in the past, including two in the second quarter of 2018, the Company has also acquired several regional jet aircraft types, which now comprise a larger percentage of the Company’s portfolio based on number of aircraft and net book value. The Company may continue to seek acquisition opportunities for new types and models of aircraft used by the Company’s targeted customer base of regional air carriers. Acquisition of aircraft types not previously owned by the Company entails greater ownership risk due to the Company’s lack of experience managing those assets and the potentially different types of customers that may lease them. Conversely, the Company’s focus on a more limited set of aircraft types and solely on regional aircraft subjects the Company to risks that disproportionately impact these aircraft markets, which are described elsewhere in this discussion. As a result, the level of asset and market diversification the Company chooses to pursue could have a significant impact on its performance and results.

Transition to LIBOR alternative reference rate. The London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) represents the interest rate at which banks offer to lend funds to one another in the international interbank market for short-term loans, and is the index rate of the Company’s Credit Facility debt and the Term Loan Indebtedness of the LLC Borrower subsidiaries. Beginning in 2008, concerns were expressed that some of the member banks surveyed by the British Bankers’ Association (the “BBA”) in connection with the calculation of LIBOR rates may have been under-reporting or otherwise manipulating the interbank lending rates applicable to them. Regulators and law enforcement agencies from a number of governments have conducted investigations relating to the calculation of LIBOR across a range of maturities and currencies. If manipulation of LIBOR or another inter-bank lending rate occurred, it may have resulted in that rate being artificially lower (or higher) than it otherwise would have been. Responsibility for the calculation of LIBOR was transferred to ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, as independent LIBOR administrator, effective February 1, 2014. On July 27, 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced that it will no longer persuade or compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR rates after 2021 (the “July 27th Announcement”). The July 27th Announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR on the current basis cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021. Consequently, at this time, it is not possible to predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the administrator of LIBOR or whether any additional reforms to LIBOR may be enacted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. Similarly, it is not possible to predict whether LIBOR will continue to be viewed as an acceptable benchmark, what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR or the effect of any such changes in views or alternatives on the value of LIBOR-linked securities.

Although the Financial Stability Oversight Council has recommended a transition to an alternative reference rate in the event LIBOR is no longer available after 2021, which would affect the Company’s Credit Facility and some of its Term Loans, such plans are still in development and, if enacted, could present challenges. Moreover, contracts linked to LIBOR are vast in number and value, are intertwined with numerous financial products and services, and have diverse parties. The downstream effect of unwinding or transitioning such contracts could cause instability and negatively impact the financial markets and individual institutions. The uncertainty surrounding the sustainability of LIBOR more generally could undermine market integrity and threaten individual financial institutions and the U.S. financial system more broadly.

With respect to the Company’s indebtedness, the inability of the Company and its lenders to agree on a mutually acceptable LIBOR index for any debt outstanding if LIBOR is no longer published after 2021 could cause the debt to be terminated and repayment of the indebtedness being accelerated and immediately due and payable to the Lender. This could also lead to substantial breakage fees being payable by the Company in addition to the outstanding principal of such debt.

Swap Counterparty Credit Risks. The Company and its LLC Borrowers have entered into certain interest rate swaps to hedge the interest rate risk associated with a portion of the Credit Facility and all of Borrower LLC’s Term Loan indebtedness. These interest rate swap agreements effectively convert the variable rate interest payments to a fixed rate. If an interest rate swap counterparty cannot perform under the terms of the interest rate swap due to insolvency, bankruptcy or other reasons, the Company would not receive payments due from the counterparty under that swap, and, depending on interest rate conditions at the time of such default, that could render the Company unable to meet its variable interest rate debt obligations, leading to a default under one or more loan agreements. In such a case, the collateral securing the loan indebtedness could be foreclosed upon, and/or the Company might incur a loss on the fair market value of the interest rate swap agreement.

Swap Breakage Fees. To reduce the amount of interest that accrues under the Company’s Credit Facility and/or Term Loans, the Company could choose to prepay certain amounts borrowed under such loans. Because the Company has hedged its variable rate indebtedness, in addition to prepayment fees that might be payable to the lender under the underlying indebtedness, the Company may also be obligated to pay certain swap breakage fees to the swap counterparty in order to unwind the interest rate swap on the indebtedness that is being prepaid. Thus interest rate swaps could reduce the economic benefit that the Company might otherwise achieve through prepayment or could render an otherwise advantageous debt prepayment uneconomical.

Government Regulation. There are a number of areas in which government regulation may result in costs to the Company. These include aircraft registration safety requirements, required equipment modifications, maximum aircraft age, and aircraft noise requirements. Although it is contemplated that the burden and cost of complying with such requirements will fall primarily upon lessees, there can be no assurance that the cost will not fall on the Company. Additionally, even if lessees are responsible for the costs of complying with these requirements, changes to the requirements to make them more stringent or otherwise increase these costs could negatively impact the Company’s customers’ businesses, which could result in nonperformance under their lease agreements or decreased demand for the Company’s aircraft. Furthermore, future government regulations could cause the value of any noncomplying equipment owned by the Company to decline substantially. Moreover, any failure by the Company to comply with the government regulations applicable to it could result in sanctions, fines or other penalties, which could harm the Company’s reputation and performance.

Casualties and Insurance Coverage. The Company, as an owner of transportation equipment, may be named in a suit claiming damages for injuries or damage to property caused by its assets. As a triple-net lessor, the Company is generally protected against such claims, because the lessee would be responsible for, insure against and indemnify the Company for such claims. A “triple net lease” is a lease under which, in addition to monthly rental payments, the lessee is generally responsible for the taxes, insurance and maintenance and repair of the aircraft arising from the use and operation of the aircraft during the term of the lease. Although the United States Aviation Act may provide some additional protection with respect to the Company’s aircraft assets, it is unclear to what extent such statutory protection would be available to the Company with respect to its assets that are operated in foreign countries where the provisions of this law may not apply.

The Company’s leases generally require a lessee to insure against likely risks of loss or damage to the leased asset and liability to passengers and third parties pursuant to industry standard insurance policies, and require lessees to provide insurance certificates documenting the policy periods and coverage amounts. The Company has adopted measures designed to ensure these insurance policies continue to be maintained, including tracking receipt of the insurance certificates, calendaring their expiration dates, and reminding lessees of their obligations to maintain such insurance and provide current insurance certificates to the Company if a replacement certificate is not timely received prior to the expiration of an existing certificate.

Despite these requirements and procedures, there may be certain cases where losses or liabilities are not entirely covered by the lessee or its insurance. Although the Company believes the possibility of such an event is remote, any such uninsured loss or liability, or insured loss or liability for which insurance proceeds are inadequate, might result in a loss of invested capital in and any profits anticipated from the applicable aircraft, as well as potential claims directly against the Company.

Compliance with Environmental Regulations. Compliance with environmental regulations may harm the Company’s business. Many aspects of aircraft operations are subject to increasingly stringent environmental regulations, and growing concerns about climate change may result in the imposition by the U.S. and foreign governments of additional regulation of carbon emissions, including requirements to adopt technology to reduce the amount of carbon emissions or imposing a fee or tax system on carbon emitters. Any such regulation could be directed at the Company’s customers, as operators of aircraft, at the Company, as an owner of aircraft, and/or on the manufacturers of aircraft. Under the Company’s triple-net lease arrangements, the Company would likely try to shift responsibility for compliance to its lessees; however, it may not be able to do so due to competitive or other market factors, and there might be some compliance costs that the Company could not pass through to its customers and would itself have to bear. Although it is not expected that the costs of complying with current environmental regulations will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity, there is no assurance that the costs of complying with environmental regulations as amended or adopted in the future will not have such an effect.

Cybersecurity Risks. The Company believes that its main vulnerabilities to a cyber-attack would be interruption of the Company’s email communications internally and with third parties, loss of customer and lease archives, and loss of document sharing between the Company’s offices and remote workers. Such an attack could temporarily impede the efficiency of the Company’s operations; however, the Company believes that sufficient replacement and backup mechanisms exist in the event of such an interruption such that there would not be a material adverse financial impact on the Company’s business. A cyber-hacker could also gain access to and release proprietary information of the Company, its customers, suppliers and employees stored on the Company’s data network. Such a breach could harm the Company’s reputation and result in competitive disadvantages, litigation, lost revenues, additional costs, or liability to third parties. While the Company believes that it has sufficient cybersecurity measures in place commensurate with the risks to the Company of a successful cyber-attack or breach of its data security, its resources and technical sophistication may not be adequate to prevent or adequately respond to and mitigate all types of cyber-attacks.

Possible Volatility of Stock Price. The market price of the Company’s common stock is subject to fluctuations following developments relating to the Company’s operating results, changes in general conditions in the economy, the financial markets or the airline industry, changes in accounting principles or tax laws applicable to the Company or its lessees, or other developments affecting the Company, its customers or its competitors, or arising from other investor sentiment unknown to the Company. Because the Company has a relatively small capitalization of approximately 1.5 million shares outstanding, there is a correspondingly limited amount of trading and float of the Company’s shares. Consequently, the Company’s stock price is more sensitive to a single large trade or a small number of simultaneous trades along the same trend than a company with larger capitalization and higher trading volume and float. This stock price and trading volume volatility could limit the Company’s ability to use its capital stock to raise capital, if and when needed or desired, or as consideration for other types of transactions, including strategic collaborations, investments or acquisitions. Any such limitation could negatively affect the Company’s performance, growth prospects and liquidity.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

This report does not include information described under Item 305 of Regulation S-K pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit “smaller reporting companies” to omit such information.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

CEO and CFO Certifications. Attached as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”) are certifications of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and the Company’s Chief Financial Officer(the “CFO”), which are required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Section 302 Certifications”). This section of the Report includes information concerning the evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures referred to in the Section 302 Certifications and this should be read in conjunction with the Section 302 Certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.

Evaluation of the Company’s Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures (“Disclosure Controls”) are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, such as this Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In the course of the review of the consolidated financial results of the Company for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company identified a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting (“Internal Control”) at June 30, 2018 related to the Company’s incorrect accounting for management fees and acquisition fees associated with the Management Agreement between JHC and the Company. Although the Company implemented controls over identifying the proper accounting treatment over the JHC acquisition and those controls operated as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s tax review control did not identify a complex component resulting in an adjustment to the tax expense in 2018. Management has determined that this deficiency constitutes a material weakness as of March 31, 2019. Management is in the process of enhancing the tax review control related to unusual transactions the Company may encounter.

The Company’s management, with the participation of the CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s Disclosure Controls and concluded that the Company’s Disclosure Controls were not effective as of March 31, 2019 due to the material weakness described above.

Changes in Internal Control. No change in the Company’s Internal Control occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s Internal Control.

Inherent Limitations of Disclosure Controls and Internal Control. In designing its Disclosure Controls and Internal Control, the Company’s management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of the Company’s controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Because of these inherent limitations, the Company’s Disclosure Controls and Internal Control may not prevent or detect all instances of fraud, misstatements or other control issues. In addition, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure or internal controls to future periods are subject to risks, including, among others, that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1	Certification of Michael G. Magnusson, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Toni M. Perazzo, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*	Certification of Michael G. Magnusson, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*	Certification of Toni M. Perazzo, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document

* These certificates are furnished to, but shall not be deemed to be filed with, the SEC.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	AEROCENTURY CORP.
Date: May 15, 2019	By:	/s/ Toni M. Perazzo
		Name: Toni M. Perazzo
		Title: Senior Vice President-Finance and
		Chief Financial Officer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information Part II Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

MPU 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2019