NATR 10-Q Quarterly Report March 31, 2017

NATURES SUNSHINE PRODUCTS INC

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10-Q 1 natr-2017331x10q.htm 10-Q Document

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 001-34483

NATURE’S SUNSHINE PRODUCTS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



Utah		87-0327982
(State or other jurisdiction of		(IRS Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification No.)

2500 West Executive Parkway, Suite 100

Lehi, Utah 84043

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(801) 341-7900

(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one).



Large accelerated filer o		Accelerated filer x

Non-accelerated filer o		Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
		Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No ý .

The number of shares of Common Stock, no par value, outstanding on April 29, 2017, was 18,863,601 shares.

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NATURE’S SUNSHINE PRODUCTS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2017

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Part I. Financial Information			5

	Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5

		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	6
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	7
		Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	7
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9

	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	33

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36

Part II. Other Information			37

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37

	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	37

	Item 5.	Other Information	37

	Item 6.	Exhibits	38

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain information included or incorporated herein by reference in this report may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, statements relating to the Company's objectives, plans and strategies. All statements (other than statements of historical fact) that address activities, events or developments that the Company intends, expects, projects, believes or anticipates will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. These statements are often characterized by terminology such as “believe,” “hope,” “may,” “anticipate,” “should,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “positioned,” “strategy” and similar expressions, and are based on assumptions and assessments made by management in light of their experience and their perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate. For example, information appearing under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” includes forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Important factors that could cause actual results, developments and business decisions to differ materially from forward-looking statements are more fully described in this report, including the risks set forth under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A, and in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, but include the following:


•	changes in laws and regulations, or their interpretation, applicable to direct selling or the nutritional supplement industry may prohibit or restrict the Company's ability to sell its products in some markets or require the Company to make changes to its business model in some markets;


•	legal challenges to its direct selling program or to the classification of its independent distributors;


•	complex legal and regulatory requirements in China, including the failure to obtain the necessary approvals and licenses to engage in direct sales activities in China;


•	extensive government regulations to which its products, business practices and manufacturing activities are subject;


•	the impact of anti-bribery laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;


•	the full implementation of its joint venture for operations in China with Fosun Industrial Co., Ltd.;


•	registration of products for sale in China, or difficulty or increased cost of importing products into China;


•	its business practices in some of the jurisdictions in which it operates, including China and South Korea, where the business practices may be legal and compliant with local and foreign law, but still draw unnecessary media or regulatory attention;


•	its ability to attract and retain independent distributors;


•	the effect of fluctuating foreign exchange rates;


•	negative consequences resulting from difficult economic conditions, including the availability of liquidity or the willingness of its customers to purchase products;


•	geopolitical issues and conflicts;


•	restrictions on the repatriation of money;


•	uncertainties relating to the application of transfer pricing, duties, value-added taxes, and other tax regulations, and changes thereto;


•	changes in tax laws, treaties or regulations, or their interpretation;


•	taxation relating to its independent distributors;


•	high levels of inflation in one or more of the countries in which the Company operates;


•	cyber security threats and exposure to data loss;


•	reliance on information technology infrastructure;


•	liabilities and obligations arising from improper activity by its agents, employees or independent distributors;


•	its relationship with, and its inability to influence the actions of, its independent distributors, and other third parties with whom it does business;


•	its reliance upon, or the loss or departure of any member of, its senior management team;


•	challenges in managing rapid growth in China;


•	the slowing of the Chinese economy;


•	negative effects from its independent distributor promotions or compensation plans;


•	risks associated with the manufacturing of the Company's products;


•	availability and integrity of raw materials;


•	obsolescence of product inventory;


•	changing consumer preferences and demands;


•	the competitive nature of its business and the nutritional supplement industry;


•	negative publicity related to its products, ingredients, or direct selling organization and the nutritional supplement industry;


•	product liability claims;


•	the sufficiency of trademarks and other intellectual property rights; and

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•	reliance on third-parties to distribute its products and provide support services to independent distributors.

All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in or incorporated by reference into this report. Except as is required by law, the Company expressly disclaims any obligation to publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events after the date of this report. Throughout this report, Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, are referred to as “the Company.”

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PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NATURE’S SUNSHINE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)



	March 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,060		$	32,284
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $180 and $205, respectively	8,770			7,738
Investments available for sale	1,776			1,776
Assets held for sale	—			521
Inventories	49,287			47,597
Prepaid expenses and other	4,825			4,585
Total current assets	97,718			94,501

Property, plant and equipment, net	74,733			73,272
Investment securities - trading	1,674			1,391
Intangible assets, net	1,014			976
Deferred income tax assets	21,380			21,590
Other assets	14,221			13,840
	$	210,740		$	205,570

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	5,787		$	5,305
Accrued volume incentives and service fees	18,953			16,264
Accrued liabilities	21,214			24,400
Deferred revenue	3,965			3,672
Revolving credit facility	13,260			9,919
Income taxes payable	3,508			3,475
Total current liabilities	66,687			63,035

Liability related to unrecognized tax benefits	6,822			6,755
Deferred compensation payable	1,674			1,391
Other liabilities	2,004			1,991
Total liabilities	77,187			73,172

Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, no par value, 50,000 shares authorized, 18,863 and 18,757 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	129,920			129,654
Retained earnings	12,992			12,718
Noncontrolling interests	989			1,286
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(10,348		)	(11,260		)
Total shareholders’ equity	133,553			132,398
	$	210,740		$	205,570

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NATURE’S SUNSHINE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in thousands, except per share information)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
Net sales	$	83,098		$	82,402
Cost of sales	(21,728		)	(22,020		)
Gross profit	61,370			60,382

Operating expenses:
Volume incentives	28,983			29,877
Selling, general and administrative	30,336			28,385
Operating income	2,051			2,120
Other income, net	1,275			1,559
Income before provision for income taxes	3,326			3,679
Provision for income taxes	1,463			1,890
Net income	1,863			1,789
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(297		)	(280		)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	2,160		$	2,069

Basic and diluted net income per common share

Basic earnings per share attributable to common shareholders	$	0.11		$	0.11

Diluted earnings per share attributable to common shareholders	$	0.11		$	0.11

Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	18,845			18,694
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	19,260			19,130

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.10		$	0.10

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NATURE’S SUNSHINE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Net income	$	1,863	$	1,789
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) (net of tax)	912		(75		)
Net unrealized gains on investment securities (net of tax)	—		12
Total comprehensive income	$	2,775	$	1,726

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

NATURE’S SUNSHINE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)



	Common Stock				Retained Earnings			Noncontrolling Interests			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total
	Shares	Value			Retained Earnings			Noncontrolling Interests			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total
Balance at January 1, 2017	18,757	$	129,654		$	12,718		$	1,286		$	(11,260	)	$	132,398
Share-based compensation expense	—	778			—			—			—			778
Shares issued from the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares exchanged for withholding tax	106	(512		)	—			—			—			(512		)
Cash dividends ($0.10 per share)	—	—			(1,886		)	—			—			(1,886		)
Net income	—	—			2,160			(297		)	—			1,863
Other comprehensive income	—	—			—			—			912			912
Balance at March 31, 2017	18,863	$	129,920		$	12,992		$	989		$	(10,348	)	$	133,553

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NATURE’S SUNSHINE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	1,863		$	1,789
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for doubtful accounts	(22		)	62
Depreciation and amortization	1,451			1,170
Share-based compensation expense	778			882
Loss on sale of property and equipment	(16		)	68
Deferred income taxes	263			589
Purchase of trading investment securities	(266		)	(177		)
Proceeds from sale of trading investment securities	33			29
Realized and unrealized losses on investments	(49		)	(25		)
Foreign exchange gains	(1,303		)	(913		)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(926		)	(432		)
Inventories	(850		)	(2,695		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(186		)	(107		)
Other assets	88			(792		)
Accounts payable	346			2,607
Accrued volume incentives and service fees	2,471			2,152
Accrued liabilities	(3,466		)	(3,433		)
Deferred revenue	293			2,331
Income taxes payable	(70		)	(364		)
Liability related to unrecognized tax benefits	59			(34		)
Deferred compensation payable	283			155
Net cash provided by operating activities	774			2,862
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(2,711		)	(1,312		)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	522			14
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,189		)	(1,298		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Payments of cash dividends	(1,886		)	(1,872		)
Net borrowings on revolving credit facility	3,341			4,835
Net proceeds from the exercise of stock options	—			59
Payment of withholding taxes related to the vesting of restricted stock units	(512		)	(169		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	943			2,853
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	1,248			596
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	776			5,013
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period	32,284			41,420
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	$	33,060		$	46,433
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	1,180		$	1,474
Cash paid for interest	94			20

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NATURE’S SUNSHINE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(1) Basis of Presentation

Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (hereinafter referred to collectively as the “Company”), is a natural health and wellness company primarily engaged in the manufacturing and direct selling of nutritional and personal care products. The Company sells its products to a sales force of independent distributors who use the products themselves or resell them to consumers.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals), considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial information as of March 31, 2017 , and for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 . The results of operations of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017 .

It is suggested that these condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 .

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interest decreased as a result of the net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests by $0.3 million and $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , noncontrolling interests were $1.0 million and $1.3 million , respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and has subsequently issued ASUs 2015-14 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, 2016-08 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net), 2016-10 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, 2016-12 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, and 2016-20 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606 (collectively, Topic 606).

Topic 606 outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The guidance is based on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to fulfill a contract. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2018, and provides the Company with the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the new standard. The Company expects to adopt Topic 606 using the modified retrospective approach, under which the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 is recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the first quarter of 2018.

The Company is concluding the assessment phase of implementing this guidance. The Company has evaluated each of the five steps in Topic 606, which are as follows: 1) Identify the contract with the customer; 2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract; 3) Determine the transaction price; 4) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and 5) Recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied. The Company expects to identify similar

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performance obligations under ASC Topic 606 as compared with deliverables and separate units of account previously identified. As a result, the adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

There are also certain considerations related to internal control over financial reporting that are associated with implementing Topic 606. The Company is currently evaluating its control framework for revenue recognition and identifying any changes that may need to be made in response to the new guidance. Disclosure requirements under the new guidance in Topic 606 have been significantly expanded in comparison to the disclosure requirements under the current guidance. Designing and implementing the appropriate controls over gathering and reporting the information required under Topic 606 is currently in process.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This guidance requires that entities with a classified statement of financial position present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. This update is effective for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and has been applied on the retrospective basis. Other than the netting of current deferred tax assets of $5.6 million which increased long-term deferred tax assets from $16.0 million to $21.6 million as of December 31, 2016, the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations and consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This update amends the guidance in U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("U.S. GAAP") on the classification and measurement of financial instruments. Although the ASU retains many current requirements, it significantly revises an entity’s accounting related to (1) the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and (2) the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The ASU also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. This update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842): Accounting for Leases. This update specifies that lessees should recognize assets and liabilities arising from all leases, except for leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will largely remain unchanged and continue to depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. The ASU will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations; however, it is expected to gross-up the consolidated balance sheet as a result of recognizing a lease asset along with a similar lease liability.

(2) Inventories

The composition of inventories is as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):



	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Raw materials	$	14,550	$	14,995
Work in progress	158		694
Finished goods	34,579		31,908
Total inventory	$	49,287	$	47,597

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(3) Investments

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of available-for-sale securities by balance sheet classification are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):



As of March 31, 2017	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
U.S. government securities funds	$	1,799	$	—	$	(23	)	$	1,776
Total short-term investment securities	$	1,799	$	—	$	(23	)	$	1,776



As of December 31, 2016	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
U.S. government securities funds	$	1,799	$	—	$	(23	)	$	1,776
Total short-term investment securities	$	1,799	$	—	$	(23	)	$	1,776

There were no proceeds from the sales of available-for-sale securities during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 .

The Company’s trading securities portfolio totaled $1.7 million at March 31, 2017 , and $1.4 million at December 31, 2016 , and generated gains of $51,000 and $7,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company had unrealized losses of $23,000 and $23,000 , respectively, in its U.S. government securities funds. There were no securities that were in a loss position for more than 12 months.

(4) Revolving Credit Facility

The Company’s revolving credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., permits the Company to borrow up to $25.0 million through September 1, 2017, bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.25 percent ( 2.13 percent as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 ). The Company must pay an annual commitment fee of 0.25 percent on the unused portion of the commitment. Currently, the revolving credit agreement matures on September 1, 2017. The credit agreement was amended effective March 31, 2017, to eliminate the Company's consecutive quarterly net losses covenant. The Company settles its net borrowings under the revolving credit agreement daily, and as a result, has classified its outstanding borrowings as current on its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2017 . At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the outstanding balance under the revolving credit facility was $13.3 million and $9.9 million , respectively.

The revolving credit agreement contains financial covenants, including financial covenants relating to current ratio, leverage, and minimum EBITDA. In addition, the agreement restricts capital expenditures, lease expenditures, other indebtedness, liens on assets, guarantees, loans and advances, dividends, and merger, consolidation and the transfer of assets except in the ordinary course of business. The Company remains in compliance with these debt covenants as of March 31, 2017 . The revolving credit facility is collateralized by the Company's manufacturing facility, accounts receivable balance, inventory balance and other miscellaneous assets.

(5) Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per common share (“Basic EPS”), is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share (“Diluted EPS”) reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. The computation of Diluted EPS does not assume exercise or conversion of securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect on net income per common share.

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Following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of Basic EPS to the numerator and denominator of Diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 (dollar and share amounts in thousands, except for per share information):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Net income attributable to common shareholders:	$	2,160	$	2,069

Basic weighted average shares outstanding	18,845		18,694

Basic earnings per share attributable to common shareholders:	$	0.11	$	0.11

Diluted shares outstanding
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	18,845		18,694
Stock-based awards	415		436
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	19,260		19,130

Diluted earnings per share attributable to common shareholders:	$	0.11	$	0.11

Potentially dilutive shares excluded from diluted-per-share amounts:
Stock options	224		86

Potentially anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted-per-share amounts:
Stock options	1,201		1,454

Potentially dilutive shares excluded from diluted-per-share amounts include performance-based options to purchase shares of common stock for which certain earnings metrics have not been achieved. Potentially anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted-per-share amounts include both non-qualified stock options and unearned performance-based options to purchase shares of common stock with exercise prices greater than the weighted-average share price during the period and shares that would be anti-dilutive to the computation of diluted net income per share for each of the years presented.

(6) Capital Transactions

Dividends

The declaration of future dividends is subject to the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and will depend upon various factors, including the Company’s earnings, financial condition, restrictions imposed by any indebtedness that may be outstanding, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by its Board of Directors.

On March 7, 2017, the Company announced a cash dividend of $0.10 per common share in an aggregate amount of $1.9 million , which was paid on April 3, 2017, to shareholders of record as of March 22, 2017.

Share Repurchase Program

In November 2014, the Board of Directors authorized a $20.0 million share repurchase program beginning January 1, 2015. Such purchases may be made in the open market, through block trades, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and amount of any shares repurchased will be determined based on the Company’s evaluation of market conditions and other factors and the program may be discontinued or suspended at any time. At March 31, 2017 , the remaining balance available for repurchases under the program was $13.4 million . There were no repurchases of common shares by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 .

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Share-Based Compensation

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company’s shareholders adopted and approved the Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2012 Incentive Plan”). The 2012 Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, performance awards, stock awards and other stock-based awards. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has authority and discretion to determine the type of award, as well as the amount, terms and conditions of each award under the 2012 Incentive Plan, subject to the limitations of the 2012 Incentive Plan. A total of 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were originally authorized for the granting of awards under the 2012 Incentive Plan. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2015, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the 2012 Incentive Plan, to increase the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance by 1,500,000 shares. The number of shares available for awards, as well as the terms of outstanding awards, are subject to adjustment as provided in the 2012 Incentive Plan for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations and other similar events.

The Company also maintains a stock incentive plan, which was approved by shareholders in 2009 (the “2009 Incentive Plan”). The 2009 Incentive Plan also provided for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, performance awards, stock awards and other stock-based awards. Under the 2012 Incentive Plan, any shares subject to award, or awards forfeited or reacquired by the Company issued under the 2009 Incentive Plan are available for award up to a maximum of 400,000 shares.

Stock Options

The Company’s outstanding stock options include time-based stock options, which vest over differing periods ranging from the date of issuance to up to 48 months from the option grant date, and performance-based stock options, which have already vested upon achieving operating income margins of six , eight and ten percent as reported in four of five consecutive quarters over the term of the options.

There was no stock option activity for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017 . The weighted average exercise price per share was $12.41 as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Share-based compensation expense from time-based stock options for the three -month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , was approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million , respectively. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the grants described above was $0.2 million and $0.3 million , respectively. As of March 31, 2017 , the remaining compensation cost is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of approximately 0.9 years .

At March 31, 2017 , the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding stock options to purchase 1,524,000 shares of common stock, exercisable stock options to purchase 1,393,000 shares of common stock and stock options to purchase 124,000 shares of common stock that are expected to vest was $0.8 million , $0.8 million and $0.0 million , respectively. At December 31, 2016 , the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options to purchase 1,524,000 shares of common stock, the exercisable options to purchase 1,201,000 shares of common stock, and options to purchase 306,000 shares of common stock expected to vest was $4.2 million , $3.7 million and $0.4 million , respectively.

For the three-month period ended March 31, 2016 , the Company issued 25,000 shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options at an average exercise price of $2.35 per share. The aggregate intrinsic values of options exercised during the three -month period ended March 31, 2016 was $0.2 million and the Company recognized $0.1 million of tax benefits from the exercise of stock options during the period.

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company did not have any unvested performance-based stock options outstanding.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company’s outstanding restricted stock units ("RSUs"), include time-based RSUs, which vest over differing periods ranging from 12 months up to 48 months from the RSU grant date, as well as performance-based RSUs, which vest either upon achieving cumulative annual net sales growth targets over a rolling one -year period or upon achieving earnings-per-per share over a rolling one -year period. RSUs granted to the Board of Directors contain a restriction period in which the shares are not issued until two years after vesting. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , there were 79,000 and 69,000 , respectively, vested RSUs granted to the Board of Directors that had a restriction period.

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RSU activity for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017 , is as follows (amounts in thousands, except per share information):



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted Stock Units outstanding at December 31, 2016	838		$	11.39
Granted	217		13.59
Forfeited	(19	)	12.59
Issued	(144	)	12.46
Restricted Stock Units outstanding at March 31, 2017	892		11.82

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2017 , the Company granted 217,000 RSUs under the 2012 Incentive Plan to the Company’s executive officers and other employees, which were composed of both time-based RSUs and net sales performance-based RSUs. The time-based RSUs were issued with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $13.74 per share and vest in annual installments over a three -year period from the grant date. The net sales earnings-per-share performance-based RSUs were issued with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $13.35 per share and vest upon achieving sales targets over a three -year period from the grant date.

RSUs are valued at market value on the date of grant, which is the grant date share price discounted for expected dividend payments during the vesting period.

Share-based compensation expense from RSUs for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , was approximately $0.7 million and $0.6 million , respectively. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the grants described above was $2.9 million and $2.0 million , respectively. As of March 31, 2017 , the remaining compensation expense is expected to be recognized over the weighted average period of approximately 1.3 years .

The Company has not recognized any share-based compensation expense related to the net sales and earnings-per-share performance-based RSUs for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 . Should the Company attain all of the net sales metrics related to the net sales performance-based stock option grants, the Company would recognize up to $4.2 million of potential share-based compensation expense.

The number of shares issued upon vesting of RSUs granted pursuant to the Company's share-based compensation plans is net of the minimum statutory withholding requirements that the Company pays on behalf of its employees, which was 38,000 and 20,000 shares for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Although shares withheld are not issued, they are treated as common share repurchases for accounting purposes, as they reduce the number of shares that would have been issued upon vesting. These shares do not count against the authorized capacity under the repurchase program described above.

(7) Segment Information

The Company has four business segments. These business segments are components of the Company for which information is available separately and evaluated regularly by the chief executive officer in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing relative performance. Net sales for each segment have been reduced by intercompany sales as they are not included in the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the chief executive officer.

The Company has four business segments that are divided based on the different characteristics of their distributor and customer bases, distributor compensation plans and product formulations, as well as the internal organization of its officers and their responsibilities and business operations. Three business segments operate under the Nature’s Sunshine Products brand (NSP Americas; NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe; and China and New Markets), and one business segment operates under the Synergy® WorldWide brand.

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Reportable business segment information is as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Net sales:
NSP Americas	$	44,645	$	45,183
NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe	7,607		6,352
Synergy WorldWide	27,313		29,848
China and New Markets	3,533		1,019
Total net sales	83,098		82,402

Contribution margin (1):
NSP Americas	19,195		18,917
NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe	2,509		2,181
Synergy WorldWide	8,199		8,939
China and New Markets	2,484		468
Total contribution margin	32,387		30,505

Selling, general and administrative (2)	30,336		28,385
Operating income	2,051		2,120

Other income (expense), net	1,275		1,559
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes	$	3,326	$	3,679

_________________________________________

(1) Contribution margin consists of net sales less cost of sales and volume incentives expense.

(2) Service fees in the China and New Markets segment related to pre-opening product sales through Hong Kong totaled $0.9 million and $0 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These service fees are included in the Company's selling, general and administrative expenses.

From an individual country perspective, only the United States and South Korea comprise 10 percent or more of consolidated net sales for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Net sales:
United States	$	37,735	$	38,295
South Korea	11,346		13,198
Other	34,017		30,909
	$	83,098	$	82,402

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Revenue generated by each of the Company’s product lines is set forth below (dollar amounts in thousands):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
NSP Americas:
General health	$	19,866	$	19,617
Immune	5,073		5,576
Cardiovascular	3,316		3,112
Digestive	12,148		13,079
Personal care	1,886		930
Weight management	2,356		2,869
	44,645		45,183
NSP Russia, Eastern and Central Europe:
General health	$	3,558	$	2,723
Immune	763		540
Cardiovascular	531		477
Digestive	1,877		2,121
Personal care	608		249
Weight management	270		242
	7,607		6,352
Synergy WorldWide:
General health	$	6,687	$	8,640
Immune	121		209
Cardiovascular	11,103		12,693
Digestive	3,465		2,487
Personal care	2,067		1,939
Weight management	3,870		3,880
	27,313		29,848
China and New Markets:
General health	$	880	$	471
Immune	146		131
Cardiovascular	581		73
Digestive	1,642		260
Personal care	76		22
Weight management	208		62
	3,533		1,019
	$	83,098	$	82,402

From an individual country perspective, only the United States comprised 10 percent or more of consolidated property, plant and equipment as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):



	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Property, plant and equipment:
United States	$	71,787	$	70,770
Other	2,946		2,502
Total property, plant and equipment	$	74,733	$	73,272

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(8) Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company’s provision for income taxes, as a percentage of income before income taxes was 44.0 percent and 51.4 percent , respectively, compared with a U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0 percent .

The difference between the effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , was primarily attributed to current year foreign losses, primarily related to China, that presently do not provide future tax benefit, partially offset by foreign tax credit benefits.

The difference between the effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2016 , was primarily attributed to current year foreign losses, primarily related to China, that presently do not provide future tax benefit and an adjustment of a prior year deferred tax asset related to foreign currency translation amounts offset by net favorable foreign items related to tax rate differences.

Changes to the effective rate due to dividends received from foreign subsidiaries and the impact of foreign tax credits are expected to be recurring. Depending on various factors, changes from the foregoing items may be favorable or unfavorable in a particular period.

The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for 2013 through 2015, are open to examination for federal tax purposes. The Company has several foreign tax jurisdictions that have open tax years from 2010 through 2016.

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company had accrued approximately $6.8 million , respectively, related to unrecognized tax positions.

Interim income taxes are based on an estimated annualized effective tax rate applied to the respective quarterly periods, adjusted for discrete tax items in the period in which they occur. Although the Company believes its tax estimates are reasonable, the Company can make no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which it has reflected in its historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such differences could have a material impact on the Company’s income tax provision and operating results in the period in which the Company makes such determination.

(9) Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company is party to various legal proceedings. Management cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, or their resulting effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows as litigation and related matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings could occur. Were an unfavorable outcome to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows for the period in which the ruling occurs and/or future periods. The Company maintains product liability, general liability and excess liability insurance coverage. However, no assurances can be given that such insurance will continue to be available at an acceptable cost to the Company, that such coverage will be sufficient to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurers will not successfully disclaim coverage as to a pending or future claim.

Non-Income Tax Contingencies

The Company has reserved for certain state sales and use tax and foreign non-income tax contingencies based on the likelihood of an obligation in accordance with accounting guidance for probable loss contingencies. Loss contingency provisions are recorded for probable losses at management’s best estimate of a loss, or when a best estimate cannot be made, a minimum loss contingency amount is recorded. The Company provides provisions for potential payments of tax to various tax authorities for contingencies related to non-income tax matters, including value-added taxes and sales tax. The Company provides provisions for U.S. state sales taxes in each of the states where the Company has nexus. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , accrued liabilities were $0.3 million , respectively, related to non-income tax contingencies. While management believes that the assumptions and estimates used to determine this liability are reasonable, the ultimate outcome of those matters cannot presently be determined. The Company believes future payments related to these matters could range from $0 to approximately $4.8 million .

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Other Litigation

The Company is party to various other legal proceedings in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions related to value-added tax assessments and other civil litigation. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , accrued liabilities were $0.8 million , respectively, related to the estimated outcome of these proceedings. In addition, the Company is party to other litigation where there is a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred, either the losses are not considered to be probable or the Company cannot at this time estimate the loss, if any; therefore, no provision for losses has been provided. The Company believes future payments related to these matters could range from $0 to approximately $0.5 million .

(10) Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that could be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. A fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values of each financial instrument. Categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is defined into the following three categories:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The following table presents the Company’s hierarchy for its assets, measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of March 31, 2017 (dollar amounts in thousands):



	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total
Investments available-for-sale
U.S. government security funds	$	1,776	$	—	$	—	$	1,776
Investment securities	1,674		—		—		1,674
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	3,450	$	—	$	—	$	3,450

The following table presents the Company’s hierarchy for its assets, measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of December 31, 2016 (dollar amounts in thousands):



	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total
Investments available-for-sale
U.S. government security funds	$	1,776	$	—	$	—	$	1,776
Investment securities	1,391		—		—		1,391
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	3,167	$	—	$	—	$	3,167

Investments available-for-sale — The majority of the Company’s investment portfolio consists of U.S. government security funds. The Level 1 securities are valued using quoted prices for identical assets in active markets including equity securities and U.S. government treasuries.

Investment securities — The Company’s trading portfolio consists of various marketable securities that are valued using quoted prices in active markets.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2017 , and for the year ended December 31, 2016 , there were no fair value measurements using significant other observable inputs (Level 2) or significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

The carrying amounts reflected on the condensed consolidated balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and the revolving credit facility payable approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company did not have any re-measurements of non-financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis subsequent to their initial recognition.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this report, as well as the consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto, and management’s discussion and analysis included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 .

OVERVIEW

The Company is a natural health and wellness company primarily engaged in the manufacturing and direct selling of nutritional and personal care products. The Company has four business segments that are divided based on the different characteristics of their distributor and customer bases, distributor compensation plans and product formulations, as well as the internal organization of its officers and their responsibilities and business operations. Three business segments operate under the Nature’s Sunshine Products brand (NSP Americas; NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe; and China and New Markets), and one business segment operates under the Synergy® WorldWide brand.

The Company’s independent distributors market and sell the Company's products to customers and sponsor other independent distributors who also market the Company's products to customers. The Company's revenue is highly dependent upon the number and productivity of its independent distributors. Growth in sales volume requires an increase in the productivity and/or growth in the total number of its independent distributors. The Company seeks to motivate and provide incentives to its independent distributors by offering high quality products and providing its independent distributors with product support, training seminars, sales conventions, travel programs and financial incentives.

In the first quarter of 2017 , the Company experienced an increase in its consolidated net sales of 0.8 percent (or an increase of 0.4 percent in local currencies) compared to the same period in 2016 . NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe net sales increased approximately 19.8 percent compared to the same period in 2016 . NSP Americas net sales decreased approximately 1.2 percent compared to the same period in 2016 , in both reported and local currencies. China and New Markets net sales increased approximately 246.7 percent compared to the same period in 2016 . Synergy WorldWide net sales decreased approximately 8.5 percent compared to the same period in 2016 (or 9.7 percent in local currencies). The weakening of the U.S. dollar versus the local currencies primarily in the Company's Asian markets resulted in an approximate 0.4 percent or $0.4 million increase of its net sales during the quarter.

In second quarter of 2016, the Company began making pre-opening product sales through Hong Kong while awaiting its direct selling license in China. As of March, 31, 2017, the Company has not yet received a direct selling license in China. The Company is unable to determine whether or when it will receive a direct selling license in China.

The Company made a significant investment in its information systems of approximately $47.8 million as of March 31, 2017, and began the initial implementation of Oracle on April 2, 2017, for the Company’s NSP Americas segment as well other corporate operations. The Company will increase its anticipated operating costs by approximately $7.0 million on an annualized basis going forward. This includes approximately $4.8 million in depreciation expense, as the related Oracle asset will be amortized over 10 years, increased non-capitalizable internal labor costs related to the Oracle ERP implementation project costs of approximately $2.0 million, as well as other related costs. The implementation of Oracle may negatively impact revenue and profitability during the second quarter of 2017 and may continue throughout the remainder of 2017.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table summarizes the Company's unaudited consolidated operating results from continuing operations in U.S. dollars and as a percentage of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 (dollar amounts in thousands):



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2017					Three Months Ended March 31, 2016					Change
	Total dollars			Percent of net sales		Total dollars			Percent of net sales		Total dollars			Percentage
Net sales	$	83,098		100.0	%	$	82,402		100.0	%	$	696		0.8	%
Cost of sales	(21,728		)	(26.1	)	(22,020		)	(26.7	)	292			1.3
	61,370			73.9		60,382			73.3		988			1.6
Volume incentives	28,983			34.9		29,877			36.3		(894		)	(3.0	)
SG&A expenses	30,336			36.5		28,385			34.4		1,951			6.9
Operating income	2,051			2.5		2,120			2.6		(69		)	(3.3	)
Other income, net	1,275			1.5		1,559			1.9		(284		)	(18.2	)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	3,326			4.0		3,679			4.5		(353		)	(9.6	)
Provision for income taxes	1,463			1.8		1,890			2.3		(427		)	(22.6	)
Net income from continuing operations	$	1,863		2.2	%	$	1,789		2.2	%	$	74		4.1	%

Net Sales

The Company’s international operations have provided, and are expected to continue to provide, a significant portion of its total net sales. As a result, total net sales will continue to be affected by fluctuations in the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies. In order to provide a framework for assessing how its underlying businesses performed excluding the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, in addition to comparing the percent change in net sales from one period to another in U.S. dollars, the Company compares the percentage change in net sales from one period to another period by excluding the effects of foreign currency exchange as shown below. Net sales excluding the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations is not a U.S. GAAP financial measure. Net sales in local currency removes from net sales in U.S. dollars the impact of changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the functional currencies of its foreign subsidiaries, by translating the current period net sales into U.S. dollars using the same foreign currency exchange rates that were used to translate the net sales for the previous comparable period. The Company believes presenting the impact of foreign currency fluctuations is useful to investors because it allows a more meaningful comparison of net sales of its foreign operations from period to period. However, net sales excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net sales in U.S. dollar measures that reflect current period exchange rates, or to other financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Throughout the last five years, foreign currency exchange rates have fluctuated significantly. See Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk .

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The following table summarizes the changes in net sales by operating segment with a reconciliation to net sales excluding the impact of currency fluctuations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 (dollar amounts in thousands):



	Net Sales by Operating Segment
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2017		Three Months Ended March 31, 2016		Percent Change		Impact of Currency Exchange			Percent Change Excluding Impact of Currency
NSP Americas:
NSP North America	$	38,046	$	38,306	(0.7	)%	$	104		(1.0	)%
NSP Latin America	6,599		6,877		(4.0	)	(71		)	(3.0	)
	44,645		45,183		(1.2	)	33			(1.3	)
NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe	7,607		6,352		19.8		(28		)	20.2
Synergy WorldWide:
Synergy Asia Pacific	18,781		20,816		(9.8	)	558			(12.5	)
Synergy Europe	5,925		6,257		(5.3	)	(211		)	(1.9	)
Synergy North America	2,607		2,775		(6.1	)	—			(6.1	)
	27,313		29,848		(8.5	)	347			(9.7	)
China and New Markets	3,533		1,019		246.7		—			246.7
	$	83,098	$	82,402	0.8	%	$	352		0.4	%

Consolidated net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , were $83.1 million compared to $82.4 million for the same period in 2016 , or an increase of approximately 0.8 percent . The increase was principally related to a $2.7 million increase in China and New Markets, from pre-opening product sales through Hong Kong, for which there was no comparable in the same period in 2016, as well as a $1.3 million increase in net sales in the NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe segment, as well as a $0.4 million favorable impact in foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the three months ended March 31, 2017 , These improvements were partially offset by a $2.0 million decrease in Synergy Asia Pacific and a $0.5 million decrease in NSP Americas. Excluding the favorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, consolidated net sales would have increased by 0.4 percent from the same period in 2016 .

NSP Americas

Net sales related to NSP Americas for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , were $44.6 million , compared to $45.2 million for the same period in 2016 , or a decrease of 1.2 percent . In local currency, net sales decreased 1.3 percent , compared to the same period in 2016 . Active Managers within NSP Americas were constant at approximately 7,300 at each of March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Active Distributors and customers within NSP Americas totaled approximately 123,500 and 133,800 at March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The number of independent Managers, Distributors and customers decreased primarily due to attrition as well as fewer new Distributors and customers joining the Company in its United States and Mexico markets. Independent Managers and active Distributors and customers were down 7.3 percent, compared to the same period in 2016 . The active independent Managers category includes independent Managers under the Company's various compensation plans that have achieved and maintained certain product sales levels. As such, all independent Managers are considered to be active independent Managers. The active Distributors and customers category includes independent Distributors and customers who have purchased products directly from the Company for resale and/or personal consumption during the previous three months.

Notable activity in the following markets contributed to the results of NSP Americas:

In the United States, net sales decreased approximately $0.4 million, or 1.1 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to the same period in 2016 . Sales declined primarily due to softer retail sales and general market conditions.

In Canada, net sales increased approximately $0.1 million, or 4.8 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to the same period in 2016 . In local currency, net sales increased 1.0 percent compared to the same period in 2016 , primarily due to the continued adoption of the IN.FORM business model and the carry over impact of the introduction of new products in the prior year.

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In Latin America, net sales decreased approximately $0.3 million , or 4.0 percent , for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to the same period in 2016 . In local currency, net sales decreased 3.0 percent compared to the same period in 2016 . Currency devaluation had a $0.1 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017 . Net sales revenue in Latin America continues to be negatively impacted by changing regulations for product registration that affect the Company's ability to sell some of its products in certain countries in Latin America. To address this, the Company continues to emphasize the IN.FORM business model, which includes products the Company anticipates will be acceptable for registration under the changing product registration requirements in Latin America, and, at the same time, ensuring that its resources are aligned with this initiative.

NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe

Net sales related to NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe markets (primarily Russia, the Ukraine, Poland, and Belarus), for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , were $7.6 million , compared to $6.4 million for the same period in 2016 , an increase of 19.8 percent . Active independent Managers within NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe totaled approximately 3,100 and 2,800 at March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Active independent Distributors and customers within NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe totaled approximately 64,700 and 65,200 at March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Net sales increased primarily as a result of the relative stabilization of Russian ruble against the U.S. dollar. Despite the increase in net sales during the period, the Company anticipates that sales in its NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe segment will continue to be significantly affected by the political unrest in Ukraine and Russia, sanctions in Russia and the impact of currency devaluation. The Company continues to evaluate various options to keep the distributor base engaged, including expansion of the Company's business into additional countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The Company believes that its relationship with its local partner will provide a solid foundation for growth once the political and economic conditions stabilize in the region.

Synergy WorldWide

Synergy WorldWide reported net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , of $27.3 million , compared to $29.8 million for the same period in 2016 , a decrease of 8.5 percent . This decrease was primarily due to local currency sales declines in the Company's Korean market and European regions, partially offset by local currency sales growth in Japan and the favorable impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, which had a $0.3 million favorable impact on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017 . Excluding the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, local currency net sales in Synergy WorldWide would have decreased by 9.7 percent from the same period in 2016 . Active independent Managers within Synergy WorldWide totaled approximately 4,500 and 3,700 at March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Active independent Distributors and customers within Synergy WorldWide totaled approximately 46,100 and 54,400 at March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Synergy WorldWide’s business model is operating under a traditional direct selling approach.

Notable activity in the following markets contributed to the results of Synergy WorldWide:

In South Korea, net sales decreased $1.9 million, or 14.0 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to the same period in 2016 . In local currencies, net sales decreased 17.7 percent compared to the same period in 2016 . The decrease in local currency net sales was primarily due to recent geopolitical tension in the region and economic conditions. These conditions may continue for the foreseeable future and therefore, may impact the Company’s future financial results.

In Japan, net sales increased approximately $0.1 million, or 2.8 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to the same period in 2016 . In local currencies, net sales increased 1.5 percent compared to the same period in 2016 .

In Europe, net sales decreased approximately $0.3 million , or 5.3 percent , for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to the same period in 2016 . In local currency net sales decreased 1.9 percent compared to the same period in 2016 . The decline in local currencies has been driven by residual sales in the prior year tied to launch of the Company's weight management product plan, that did not recur this period.

In North America, net sales decreased approximately $0.2 million , or 6.1 percent , for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to the same period in 2016 . The decline in sales is primarily driven by lower Distributor recruiting. Growth initiatives have been developed and implemented to more effectively support recruiting and Distributor training and motivation.

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China and New Markets

China and New Markets had net sales revenue from wholesale activities and pre-opening product sales through Hong Kong for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , of $3.5 million , compared to $1.0 million for the same period in 2016 , an increase of 246.7 percent . The net sales increase is the result of the pre-opening product sales through Hong Kong, which did not occur during the same period in 2016. The Company awaits the receipt of its direct selling license in China. However, the Company is unable to determine whether or when it will receive a direct selling license.

Further information related to NSP Americas, NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe, Synergy WorldWide, and China and New Markets business segments is set forth in Note 7 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part 1, Item 1 of this report.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales as a percent of net sales decreased to 26.1 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to 26.7 percent for the same period in 2016 . The decrease in the cost of sale percentage is primarily due to the change in market mix for sales and the weakening of the U.S. dollar against the local currencies in many foreign markets, which has made the Company's products less expensive in those markets.

Volume Incentives

Volume incentives are a significant part of the Company's direct sales marketing program, and represent commission payments made to independent distributors. These payments are designed to provide incentives for reaching higher sales levels. Volume incentives vary slightly, on a percentage basis, by product due to pricing policies and commission plans in place in the various operations.

Volume incentives as a percent of net sales decreased to 34.9 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to 36.3 percent in 2016 . The decrease in volume incentives as a percent of net sales for the period is primarily due to changes in segment market mix such as the sales growth in China and New Markets related to pre-opening product sales through Hong Kong, for which no volume incentives are paid. Rather, in China the Company pays independent service fees which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses represent operating expenses, components of which include labor and benefits, sales events, professional fees, travel and entertainment, marketing, occupancy costs, communication costs, bank fees, depreciation and amortization, independent service fees in China, and other miscellaneous operating expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $2.0 million to $30.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 . Selling, general and administrative expenses were 36.5 percent of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to 34.4 percent for the same period in 2016 .

The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , was primarily related to:


•	$0.9 million of independent service fees, related to the Company's pre-opening product sales through Hong Kong incurred during the period;


•	$0.3 million of increased operating expenses in China during the three months ended March 31, 2017 , compared to the same period in 2016; and


•	$0.5 million of increased infrastructure and headcount in Synergy Europe and Asia Pacific.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense) net, for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , decreased $0.3 million to $1.3 million as compared to the same period in 2016 . Other income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , primarily consisted of foreign exchange gains. Subsequently, the change in other income was primarily due to a decrease in foreign exchange gains.

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Income Taxes

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company had accrued approximately $6.8 million , respectively, related to unrecognized tax positions.

Product Categories

The Company’s line of over 700 products includes several different product classifications, such as immune, cardiovascular, digestive, personal care, weight management and other general health products. The Company purchases herbs and other raw materials in bulk and, after rigorous quality control testing, it formulates, encapsulates, tablets or concentrates them, labels and packages them for shipment. Most products are manufactured at the Company's facility in Spanish Fork, Utah. Contract manufacturers produce some of the Company's products in accordance with the Company's exacting specifications and standards. The Company has implemented stringent quality control procedures to verify that its contract manufacturers have complied with its specifications and standards.

Presented below are the U.S. dollar amounts and associated revenue percentages from the sale of general health, immune, cardiovascular, digestive, personal care and weight management products for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , by business segment.

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Three Months Ended March 31,	2017				2016
NSP Americas:
General health	$	19,866	44.5	%	$	19,617	43.4	%
Immune	5,073		11.4		5,576		12.3
Cardiovascular	3,316		7.4		3,112		6.9
Digestive	12,148		27.2		13,079		28.9
Personal care	1,886		4.2		930		2.1
Weight management	2,356		5.3		2,869		6.3
Total NSP Americas	44,645		100.0		45,183		100.0

NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe:
General health	$	3,558	46.8	%	$	2,723	42.9	%
Immune	763		10.0		540		8.5
Cardiovascular	531		7.0		477		7.5
Digestive	1,877		24.7		2,121		33.4
Personal care	608		8.0		249		3.9
Weight management	270		3.5		242		3.8
Total NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe	7,607		100.0		6,352		100.0

Synergy WorldWide:
General health	$	6,687	24.5	%	$	8,640	28.9	%
Immune	121		0.4		209		0.7
Cardiovascular	11,103		40.7		12,693		42.5
Digestive	3,465		12.7		2,487		8.3
Personal care	2,067		7.6		1,939		6.5
Weight management	3,870		14.2		3,880		13.0
Total Synergy WorldWide	27,313		100.0		29,848		100.0

China and New Markets:
General health	$	880	24.9	%	$	471	46.2	%
Immune	146		4.1		131		12.9
Cardiovascular	581		16.4		73		7.2
Digestive	1,642		46.5		260		25.5
Personal care	76		2.2		22		2.2
Weight management	208		5.9		62		6.1
Total China and New Markets	3,533		100.0		1,019		100.0

Consolidated:
General health	$	30,991	37.3	%	$	31,451	38.2	%
Immune	6,103		7.3		6,456		7.8
Cardiovascular	15,531		18.7		16,355		19.8
Digestive	19,132		23.0		17,947		21.8
Personal care	4,637		5.6		3,140		3.8
Weight management	6,704		8.1		7,053		8.6
Total Consolidated	$	83,098	100.0	%	$	82,402	100.0	%

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Distribution and Marketing

The Company’s independent distributors, also known as Managers and Distributors, market its products to customers through direct selling techniques and sponsor other independent distributors who also market the Company's products to customers. The Company seeks to motivate and provide incentives to its independent distributors by offering high quality products and providing its independent distributors with product support, training seminars, sales conventions, travel programs and financial incentives.

The Company’s products sold in the United States are shipped directly from its manufacturing and warehouse facilities located in Spanish Fork, Utah, as well as from its regional warehouses located in Georgia, Ohio and Texas. Many of the Company's international operations maintain warehouse facilities with inventory to supply their independent distributors and customers. However, in foreign markets where it does not maintain warehouse facilities, it has contracted with third-parties to distribute its products and provide support services to its independent sales force of independent distributors.

As of March 31, 2017 , the Company had approximately 236,200 "active Distributors and customers" (as defined below). A person who joins the Company’s independent sales force begins as an independent distributor. Many independent distributors sell the Company’s products on a part-time basis to friends or associates or use the products themselves. An independent distributor may earn Manager status by attaining certain product sales levels. As of March 31, 2017 , the Company had approximately 14,900 "active independent Managers" (as defined below) worldwide. In many of the Company's markets, its independent Managers and Distributors are primarily retailers of the Company's products, including practitioners, proprietors of retail stores and other health and wellness specialists.

In the United States, the Company generally sells its products on a cash or credit card basis. From time to time, the Company's U.S. operations extend short-term credit associated with product promotions. For certain of its international operations, the Company uses independent distribution centers and offers credit terms that are generally consistent with industry standards within each respective country.

The Company pays sales commissions, or “volume incentives” to its Managers and Distributors based upon the amount of their sales group product purchases. These volume incentives are recorded as an expense in the year earned. The amounts of volume incentives that the Company expensed during the quarters ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , are set forth in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report. In addition to the opportunity to receive volume incentives, Managers who attain certain levels of monthly product sales are eligible for additional incentive programs including automobile allowances, sales convention privileges and travel awards.

Distributor Information

The Company's revenue is highly dependent upon the number and productivity of its independent Managers and Distributors. Growth in sales volume requires an increase in the productivity and/or growth in the total number of independent Managers and Distributors.

Within the Company, there are a number of different distributor compensation plans and qualifications, which generate active independent Managers and Distributors with different sales values in the different business segments. Within the NSP Americas segment, the decline in active independent Managers and Distributors have resulted in declines in sales. Within Synergy WorldWide, the sales qualifications required for active independent Managers and Distributors varies by market according to local economic factors. As sales grow in markets with higher qualification values, and decline in those with lower qualification values, the resultant mix change influences the active independent Manager and Distributor counts. As a result, from time-to-time, changes in overall active independent Manager and Distributor counts may not be indicative of actual sales trends for the segment.

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The following table provides information concerning the number of total independent Managers, Distributors and customers by segment, as of the dates indicated:

Total Managers, Distributors and Customers by Segment as of March 31,



	2017		2016
	Distributors & Customers	Managers	Distributors & Customers	Managers
NSP Americas	263,700	7,300	282,700	7,300
NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe	139,800	3,100	154,900	2,800
Synergy WorldWide	115,200	4,500	121,800	3,700
China and New Markets	5,400	—	—	—
	524,100	14,900	559,400	13,800

“Total Managers” includes independent Managers under the Company's various compensation plans that have achieved and maintained specified and personal groups sale volumes as of the date indicated. To maintain Manager status, an individual must continue to meet certain product sales volume levels. As such, all Managers are considered to be “Active Managers”.

“Total Distributors and customers” includes the Company's independent Distributors and customers who have purchased products directly from the Company for resale and/or personal consumption during the previous twelve months ended as of the date indicated. This includes independent Manager, Distributor and customer accounts that may have become inactive since such respective dates.

The following table provides information concerning the number of active Distributors and customers by segment, as of the dates indicated:

Active Distributors and Customers by Segment as of March 31,



	2017		2016
	Distributors & Customers	Managers	Distributors & Customers	Managers
NSP Americas	123,500	7,300	133,800	7,300
NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe	64,700	3,100	65,200	2,800
Synergy WorldWide	46,100	4,500	54,400	3,700
China and New Markets	1,900	—	—	—
	236,200	14,900	253,400	13,800

“Active Distributors and customers” includes the Company's independent Distributors and customers who have purchased products directly from the Company for resale and/or personal consumption during the previous three months ended as of the date indicated.

The following tables provide information concerning the number of new independent Managers, Distributors and customers by segment, for the periods indicated:

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New Managers, Distributors and Customers by Segment for the Quarter Ended March 31,



	2017		2016
	Distributors & Customers	Managers	Distributors & Customers	Managers
NSP Americas	28,300	1,100	31,600	800
NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe	12,900	200	11,200	100
Synergy WorldWide	11,200	700	17,000	600
China and New Markets	1,000	—	—	—
	53,400	2,000	59,800	1,500

“New Managers” includes independent Managers under the Company's various compensation plans that first achieved the rank of Manager during the previous three months ended as of the date indicated.

“New Distributors and Customers” include the Company's independent Distributors and customers who have made their initial product purchase directly from the Company for resale and/or personal consumption during the previous three months ended as of the date indicated.

The following tables provide information concerning the number of new Managers, Distributors and customers by segment, for the periods indicated:

New Managers, Distributors and Customers by Segment for the Twelve Months Ended March 31,



	2017		2016
	Distributors & Customers	Managers	Distributors & Customers	Managers
NSP Americas	113,700	3,600	126,000	3,000
NSP Russia, Central and Eastern Europe	46,600	600	46,000	600
Synergy WorldWide	66,200	3,100	74,300	2,300
China and New Markets	5,400	—	—	—
	231,900	7,300	246,300	5,900

“New Managers” includes independent Managers under the Company's various compensation plans that first achieved the rank of Manager during the previous twelve months ended as of the date indicated.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company's principal use of cash is to pay for operating expenses, including volume incentives, inventory and raw material purchases, capital assets and funding of international expansion. As of March 31, 2017 , working capital was $31.0 million , compared to $31.5 million as of December 31, 2016 . At March 31, 2017 , the Company had $33.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, of which $29.2 million was held in foreign markets and may be subject to various withholding taxes and other restrictions related to repatriation before becoming available to be used along with the normal cash flows from operations to fund any unanticipated shortfalls in future cash flows.

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The Company's net consolidated cash inflows (outflows) are as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
Operating activities	$	774		$	2,862
Investing activities	(2,189		)	(1,298		)
Financing activities	943			2,853

Operating Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2017 , operating activities provided cash in the amount of $0.8 million , compared to cash provided in the amount of $2.9 million for the same period in 2016 . Operating cash flows decreased due to timing of payments and receipts for accounts receivable, accounts payable and deferred revenue, and were partially offset by the timing of payments and receipts for inventories, other assets, and accrued liabilities.

Investing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2017 , investing activities used cash in the amount of $2.2 million , compared to $1.3 million for the same period in 2016 . Capital expenditures related to the purchase of equipment, computer systems and software for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , were $2.7 million and $1.3 million , respectively. In 2013, the Company began to significantly reinvest in its information technology systems. Included within this plan is an Oracle ERP program to provide the Company with a single integrated software solution that will integrate the Company’s business process on a worldwide basis, which the Company implemented in April 2017.

Financing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2017 , financing activities provided cash in the amount of $0.9 million , compared to cash provided in the amount of $2.9 million for the same period in 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company used cash to pay dividends in an aggregate amount of $1.9 million and $1.9 million , respectively.

The Company has a revolving credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. with a borrowing limit of $25.0 million that matures September 1, 2017. The Company pays interest at LIBOR plus 1.25 percent on any borrowings on the agreement ( 2.13 percent as of March 31, 2017 ). The Company must pay an annual commitment fee of 0.25 percent on the unused portion of the commitment. The Company believes that it has sufficient capital capacity to continue making long-term investments in its sales, marketing, science and product development initiatives and overall operations, as well as pursue strategic opportunities as they may arise. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company had a balance of $13.3 million and $9.9 million , respectively, under the revolving credit agreement.

The revolving credit agreement contains financial covenants, including financial covenants relating to current ratio, leverage, and minimum EBITDA. In addition, the agreement restricts capital expenditures, lease expenditures, other indebtedness, liens on assets, guarantees, loans and advances, dividends, and the merger, consolidation and the transfer of assets except in the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2017 , the Company was in compliance with these debt covenants. The revolving credit facility is collateralized by the Company's manufacturing facility, accounts receivable balance, inventory balance and other miscellaneous assets.

The Company believes that cash generated from operations, along with available cash and cash equivalents, will be sufficient to fund its normal operating needs, including capital expenditures. However, among other things, a prolonged economic downturn, a decrease in demand for the Company's products, an unfavorable settlement of its unrecognized tax positions or non-income tax contingencies could adversely affect the Company's long-term liquidity.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements other than operating leases. The Company does not believe that these operating leases are material to its current or future financial position, results of operations, revenues or expenses, cash flows, capital expenditures or capital resources.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and form the basis for the following discussion and analysis on critical accounting policies and estimates. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On a regular basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. It bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from these estimates and those differences could have a material effect on the Company's financial position and results of operations. Management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these estimates with the Board of Directors and its Audit Committee.

A summary of the Company's significant accounting policies is provided in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 . The Company believes the critical accounting policies and estimates described below reflect the more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. The impact and any associated risks on its business that are related to these policies are also discussed throughout this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” where such policies affect reported and expected financial results.

Revenue Recognition

Net sales and related volume incentive expenses are recorded when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, collectability is reasonably assured, the amount is fixed and determinable, and title and risk of loss have passed. The amount of the volume incentive is determined based upon the amount of qualifying purchases in a given month. Amounts received for undelivered merchandise are recorded as deferred revenue.

From time to time, the Company’s U.S. operations extend short-term credit associated with product promotions. In addition, for certain of the Company’s international operations, the Company offers credit terms consistent with industry standards within the country of operation. Payments to independent Managers and Distributors for sales incentives or rebates are recorded as a reduction of revenue. Payments for sales incentives and rebates are calculated monthly based upon qualifying sales. Membership fees are deferred and amortized as revenue over the life of the membership, primarily one year. Prepaid event registration fees are deferred and recognized as revenues when the related event is held.

A reserve for product returns is recorded based upon historical experience. The Company allows independent Managers or Distributors to return the unused portion of products within ninety days of purchase if they are not satisfied with the product. In some of the Company’s markets, the requirements to return product are more restrictive.

Accounts Receivable Allowances

Accounts receivable have been reduced by an allowance for amounts that may be uncollectible in the future. This estimated allowance is based primarily on the aging category, historical trends and management’s evaluation of the financial condition of the customer. This reserve is adjusted periodically as information about specific accounts becomes available.

Investments

The Company’s available-for-sale investment portfolio is recorded at fair value and consists of various securities such as state and municipal obligations, U.S. government security funds, short-term deposits and various equity securities. These investments are valued using (a) quoted prices for identical assets in active markets or (b) from significant inputs that are observable or can be derived from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset. The Company’s trading portfolio is recorded at fair value and consists of various marketable securities that are valued using quoted prices in active markets.

For equity securities, when assessing whether a decline in fair value below the Company’s cost basis is other-than-temporary, the Company considers the fair market value of the security, the length of time and extent to which market value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer as well as specific events or circumstances that may influence the operations of the issuer, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a sufficient time in order to enable recovery of the cost. New information and the passage of time can change these judgments. Where the

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Company has determined that it lacks the intent and ability to hold an equity security to its expected recovery, the security’s decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary and is recorded within earnings as an impairment loss.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower-of-cost-or-market, using the first-in, first-out method. The components of inventory cost include raw materials, labor and overhead. To estimate any necessary obsolescence or lower-of-cost-or-market adjustments, various assumptions are made in regard to excess or slow-moving inventories, non-conforming inventories, expiration dates, current and future product demand, production planning and market conditions.

Self-Insurance Liabilities

Similar to other manufacturers and distributors of products that are ingested, the Company faces an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that, among other things, the use of its products results in injury. The Company has accrued an amount that it believes is sufficient to cover probable and reasonably estimable liabilities related to product liability claims based on the Company’s history of such claims. However, there can be no assurance that these estimates will prove to be sufficient, nor can there be any assurance that the ultimate outcome of any litigation for product liability will not have a material negative impact on the Company’s business prospects, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company self-insures for certain employee medical benefits. The recorded liabilities for self-insured risks are calculated using actuarial methods and are not discounted. The liabilities include amounts for actual claims and claims incurred but not reported. Actual experience, including claim frequency and severity as well as health care inflation, could result in actual liabilities being more or less than the amounts currently recorded.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Estimated useful lives for buildings range from 20 to 50 years; building improvements range from 7 to 10 years; machinery and equipment range from 2 to 10 years; computer software and hardware range from 3 to 10 years; and furniture and fixtures range from 2 to 5 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and major improvements are capitalized.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment and intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. It may use an estimate of future undiscounted net cash flows of the related assets or groups of assets over their remaining lives in measuring whether the assets are recoverable. An impairment loss is calculated by determining the difference between the carrying values and the fair values of these assets.

Incentive Trip Accrual

The Company accrues for expenses associated with its direct sales program, which rewards independent Managers and Distributors with paid attendance for incentive trips, including Company conventions and meetings. Expenses associated with incentive trips are accrued over qualification periods as they are earned. It specifically analyzes incentive trip accruals based on historical and current sales trends as well as contractual obligations when evaluating the adequacy of the incentive trip accrual. Actual results could generate liabilities more or less than the amounts recorded.

Contingencies

The Company is involved in certain legal proceedings. When a loss is considered probable in connection with litigation or non-income tax contingencies and when such loss can be reasonably estimated with a range, it records its best estimate within the range related to the contingency. If there is no best estimate, it records the minimum of the range. As additional information becomes available, it assesses the potential liability related to the contingency and revises the estimates. Revision in estimates of the potential liabilities could materially affect its results of operations in the period of adjustment. The Company's contingencies are discussed in further detail in Note 9, “Commitments and Contingencies”, to the Notes of its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, of Item 1, Part 1 of this report.

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Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities and contingent reserves reflect management’s best assessment of estimated future taxes to be paid. It is subject to income taxes in both the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the Company’s consolidated income tax expense.

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expense. In evaluating the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In projecting future taxable income, the Company develops assumptions including the amount of future state, federal and foreign pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences, and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income, and are consistent with the plans and estimates that the Company is using to manage the underlying businesses. Valuation allowances are recorded as reserves against net deferred tax assets by the Company when it is determined that net deferred tax assets are not likely to be realized in the foreseeable future.

Changes in tax laws and rates could also affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future. Management is not aware of any such changes that would have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

The calculation of the Company’s tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions across its global operations. Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to be recognized.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes all share-based payments to Directors and employees, including grants of stock options and restricted stock units, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their grant-date fair values. It records compensation expense, over the vesting period of the stock options based on the fair value of the stock options on the date of grant.

Item 3 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company conducts business in several countries and intends to continue to grow its international operations. Net sales, operating income and net income are affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates and other uncertainties inherent in doing business and selling product in more than one currency. In addition, its operations are exposed to risks associated with changes in social, political and economic conditions inherent in international operations, including changes in the laws and policies that govern international investment in countries where it has operations, as well as, to a lesser extent, changes in U.S. laws and regulations relating to international trade and investment.

Foreign Currency Risk

During the three months ended March 31, 2017 , approximately 54.6 percent of the Company's net sales and approximately 54.0 percent of its operating expenses were realized outside of the United States. Inventory purchases are transacted primarily in U.S. dollars from vendors located in the United States. The local currency of each international subsidiary is generally the functional currency. The Company conducts business in multiple currencies with exchange rates that are not on a one-to-one relationship with the U.S. dollar. All revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for the periods reported. Therefore, its operating results will be positively or negatively affected by a weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar in relation to another fluctuating currency. Given the uncertainty and diversity of exchange rate fluctuations, the Company cannot estimate the effect of these fluctuations on its future business, product pricing, results of operations or financial condition, but it has provided consolidated sensitivity analyses below of functional currency/reporting currency exchange rate risks. Changes in various currency exchange rates affect the relative prices at which it sells its products. The Company regularly monitors its foreign currency risks and periodically takes measures to reduce the risk of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on its operating results. The Company does not use derivative instruments for hedging, trading or speculating on foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Additional discussion of the impact on the effect of currency fluctuations has been included in its "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in Part I, Item 2 of this report.

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The following table sets forth a composite sensitivity analysis of the Company’s net sales, costs and expenses and operating income in connection with the strengthening of the U.S. dollar (its reporting currency) by 10%, 15%, and 25% against every other fluctuating functional currency in which it conducts business. The Company notes that its individual net sales, cost and expense components and its operating income were equally sensitive to increases in the strength of the U.S. dollar against every other fluctuating currency in which it conducts business.

Exchange rate sensitivity for the three months ended March 31, 2017 (dollar amounts in thousands)



			With Strengthening of U.S. Dollar by:
			10%					15%					25%
			($)			(%)		($)			(%)		($)			(%)
Net sales	$	83,098	(3,217		)	(3.9	)%	$	(4,616	)	(5.6	)%	$	(7,077	)	(8.5	)%

Cost and expenses
Cost of sales	21,728		(1,021		)	(4.7	)	(1,465		)	(6.7	)	(2,247		)	(10.3	)
Volume incentives	28,983		(1,191		)	(4.1	)	(1,709		)	(5.9	)	(2,620		)	(9.0	)
Selling, general and administrative	30,336		(966		)	(3.2	)	(1,386		)	(4.6	)	(2,125		)	(7.0	)

Operating income	$	2,051	$	(39	)	(1.9	)%	$	(56	)	(2.7	)%	$	(85	)	(4.1	)%

Certain of the Company’s operations, including Russia and Ukraine, are served by a U.S. subsidiary through third-party entities, for which all business is conducted in U.S. dollars. Although changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the Russian ruble or the Ukrainian hryvnia do not result in currency fluctuations within its financial statements, a weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar in relation to these other currencies can significantly affect the prices of its products and the purchasing power of its independent Managers, Distributors and customers within these markets. As a result of the current tension between Russia and Ukraine, economic pressures resulting from lower oil prices, and resultant government sanctions, the Russian ruble and the Ukrainian hryvnia have weakened significantly against the U.S. dollar, impacting net sales in this market. Should the conflict continue to escalate, exchanges rates for the Russian ruble, as well as the Ukrainian hryvnia could weaken further against the U.S. dollar, further impacting net sales in these markets.

The following table sets forth a composite sensitivity analysis of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by those balance sheet line items that are subject to exchange rate risk, together with the total gain or loss from the strengthening of the U.S. dollar in relation to its various fluctuating functional currencies. The sensitivity of its financial assets and liabilities, taken by balance sheet line items, is somewhat less than the sensitivity of its operating income to increases in the strength of the U.S. dollar in relation to other fluctuating currencies in which it conducts business.

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Exchange rate sensitivity of the Balance Sheet financial instruments as of March 31, 2017 , (dollar amounts in thousands).



			With Strengthening of U.S. Dollar by:
			10%					15%					25%
			($)			(%)		($)			(%)		($)			(%)
Financial Instruments Included in Current Assets Subject to Exchange Rate Risk
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,060	$	(1,835	)	(5.6	)%	$	(2,633	)	(8.0	)%	$	(4,037	)	(12.2	)%
Accounts receivable, net	8,770		(192		)	(2.2	)	(275		)	(3.1	)	(422		)	(4.8	)

Financial Instruments Included in Current Liabilities Subject to Exchange Rate Risk
Accounts payable	5,787		(85		)	(1.5	)	(122		)	(2.1	)	(187		)	(3.2	)

Net Financial Instruments Subject to Exchange Rate Risk	$	36,043	$	(1,942	)	(5.4	)%	$	(2,786	)	(7.7	)%	$	(4,272	)	(11.9	)%

The following table sets forth the local currencies other than the U.S. dollar in which the Company’s assets that are subject to exchange rate risk were denominated as of March 31, 2017 , and exceeded $1 million upon translation into U.S. dollars. None of its liabilities that are denominated in a local currency other than the U.S. dollar and that are subject to exchange rate risk exceeded $1 million upon translation into U.S. dollars. The Company uses the spot exchange rate for translating balance sheet items from local currencies into its reporting currency. The respective spot exchange rate for each such local currency meeting the foregoing thresholds is provided in the table as well.

Translation of Balance Sheet Amounts Denominated in Local Currency as of March 31, 2017 , (dollar amounts in thousands).



	Translated into U.S. Dollars		At Spot Exchange Rate per One U.S. Dollar as of March 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents
Japan (Yen)	$	2,998	111.1
South Korea (Won)	2,856		1,113.8
China (Yuan Renminbi)	2,401		6.9
Canada (Dollar)	1,585		1.3
European Markets (Euro)	1,443		0.9
Indonesia (Rupiah)	1,133		13,315.6
Thailand (Baht)	1,065		34.5
Other	6,703		Varies
Total foreign denominated cash and cash equivalents	20,184
U.S. dollars held by foreign subsidiaries	9,023
Total cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries	$	29,207

Finally, the following table sets forth the annual weighted average of fluctuating currency exchange rates of each of the local currencies per one U.S. dollar for each of the local currencies in which annualized net sales would exceed $10.0 million during any of the two periods presented. The Company uses the annual average exchange rate for translating items from the statement of operations from local currencies into the Company’s reporting currency.

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Three Months Ended March 31,	2017	2016
Canada (Dollar)	1.3	1.4
European Markets (Euro)	0.9	0.9
Japan (Yen)	113.8	115.3
South Korea (Won)	1,154.9	1,205.8
Mexico (Peso)	20.3	18.0

The local currency of the foreign subsidiaries is used as the functional currency, except for subsidiaries operating in highly inflationary economies or where the Company’s operations are served by a U.S. based subsidiary (for example, Russia and Ukraine). The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, where the local currency is the functional currency, are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at year-end for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during each year for the results of operations. Adjustments resulting from translation of financial statements are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.

The functional currency in highly inflationary economies is the U.S. dollar and transactions denominated in the local currency are re-measured as if the functional currency were the U.S. dollar. The re-measurement of local currencies into U.S. dollars creates translation adjustments, which are included in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. A country is considered to have a highly inflationary economy if it has a cumulative inflation rate of approximately 100 percent or more over a three-year period as well as other qualitative factors including historical inflation rate trends (increasing and decreasing), the capital intensiveness of the operation and other pertinent economic factors. As of March 31, 2017 , the Company did not operate in any markets considered to have highly inflationary economies.

Interest Rate Risk

The primary objectives of the Company's investment activities are to preserve principal while maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. These objectives are accomplished by purchasing investment grade securities. On March 31, 2017 , the Company had investments of $1.8 million . A hypothetical 1.0 percent change in interest rates would not have had a material effect on the Company's liquidity, financial position or results of operations.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in rules and forms adopted by the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2017 . Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2017 .

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017 , that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 , which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business or consolidated financial statements, results of operations, and cash flows. Additional risks not currently known, or risks that are currently believed to be not material, may also impair business operations. There have been no material changes to the Company's risk factors since the filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 .

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In November 2014, the Board of Directors authorized a $20.0 million share repurchase program beginning January 1, 2015. Such purchases may be made in the open market, through block trades, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and amount of any shares repurchased will be determined based on the Company’s evaluation of market conditions and other factors and the program may be discontinued or suspended at any time. There were no shares repurchased by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2017 . At March 31, 2017 , the remaining balance available for repurchases under the program was $13.4 million .

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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Item 6. EXHIBITS

a) Index to Exhibits



Item No.		Exhibit
31.1(1)		Certification of Chief Executive Officer under SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2(1)		Certificate of Chief Financial Officer under SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1(1)		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
32.2(1)		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

_________________________________________

(1) Filed currently herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



Nature's Sunshine Products, Inc.

Date:	May 10, 2017	/s/ Gregory L. Probert
		Gregory L. Probert,
		Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board


Date:	May 10, 2017	/s/ Joseph W. Baty
		Joseph W. Baty,
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

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Part I Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits Item No. Exhibit

NATR 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2017