NFBK 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2021 | Alphaminr
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
ALPHAMINR

NFBK 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2021

Balance Sheet
Cash Flow
Income Statement
Debt
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 001-35791
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 80-0882592
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
581 Main Street, Woodbridge, New Jersey 07095
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: ( 732 ) 499-7200
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share NFBK The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 29, 2021, the registrant had 49,619,086 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding.




NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Form 10-Q Quarterly Report
Table of Contents
Page
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
3

PART I
ITEM 1.     FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share amounts)
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
ASSETS:
Cash and due from banks $ 15,899 $ 16,115
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions 157,795 71,429
Total cash and cash equivalents 173,694 87,544
Trading securities 12,761 12,291
Debt securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (and no allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2021)
1,084,811 1,264,805
Debt securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost 5,811 7,234
(estimated fair value of $ 6,083 at September 30, 2021, and $ 7,574 at December 31, 2020, and no allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2021)
Equity securities 5,219 253
Loans held-for-sale — 19,895
Loans held-for-investment, net 3,816,959 3,823,238
Less: allowance for credit losses ( 38,862 ) ( 37,607 )
Net loans held-for-investment 3,778,097 3,785,631
Accrued interest receivable 13,826 14,690
Bank-owned life insurance 164,490 161,924
Federal Home Loan Bank ( “ FHLB ” ) of New York stock, at cost
22,336 28,641
Operating lease right-of-use assets 35,063 36,741
Premises and equipment, net 26,562 28,188
Goodwill 41,012 41,320
Other assets 34,403 25,387
Total assets $ 5,398,085 $ 5,514,544
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
LIABILITIES:
Deposits $ 4,141,380 $ 4,076,551
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 50,000 75,000
FHLB advances and other borrowings 371,804 516,789
Operating lease liabilities 41,090 42,734
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance 23,496 19,677
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 31,109 29,812
Total liabilities 4,658,879 4,760,563
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value: 25,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding
— —
Common stock, $ 0.01 par value: 150,000,000 shares authorized, 64,770,875 shares issued at
September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 49,555,686 and 52,209,897 outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively
648 648
Additional paid-in-capital 589,280 590,506
Unallocated common stock held by employee stock ownership plan ( 17,792 ) ( 18,529 )
Retained earnings 371,408 338,093
Accumulated other comprehensive income 7,633 13,160
Treasury stock at cost: 15,215,189 and 12,560,978 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively
( 211,971 ) ( 169,897 )
Total stockholders’ equity 739,206 753,981
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 5,398,085 $ 5,514,544

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
4

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except per share data)

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Interest income:
Loans $ 38,539 $ 37,025 $ 119,515 $ 107,705
Mortgage-backed securities 2,738 3,422 8,379 13,348
Other securities 494 541 1,402 2,342
FHLB of New York dividends 318 410 1,024 1,443
Deposits in other financial institutions 57 59 129 262
Total interest income 42,146 41,457 130,449 125,100
Interest expense:
Deposits 1,420 5,643 4,961 22,395
Borrowings 2,309 3,206 8,208 9,934
Total interest expense 3,729 8,849 13,169 32,329
Net interest income 38,417 32,608 117,280 92,771
(Benefit)/provision for credit losses ( 148 ) 165 ( 6,223 ) 10,269
Net interest income after (benefit)/provision for credit losses 38,565 32,443 123,503 82,502
Non-interest income:
Fees and service charges for customer services 1,370 1,009 3,894 2,795
Income on bank-owned life insurance 862 894 2,567 2,635
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net 370 45 976 105
(Losses)/gains on trading securities, net ( 75 ) 763 1,096 397
Gains on sales of loans — — 1,401 665
Other 101 311 246 772
Total non-interest income 2,628 3,022 10,180 7,369
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits 10,334 13,306 31,672 31,039
Occupancy 3,425 3,540 10,626 9,618
Furniture and equipment 431 425 1,310 1,107
Data processing 1,538 3,058 4,968 6,130
Professional fees 826 1,216 2,564 3,370
Advertising 576 424 1,725 1,585
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance 336 360 1,057 576
Other 1,569 1,459 4,547 3,901
Total non-interest expense 19,035 23,788 58,469 57,326
Income before income tax expense 22,158 11,677 75,214 32,545
Income tax expense 6,078 3,095 20,663 8,619
Net income $ 16,080 $ 8,582 $ 54,551 $ 23,926
Net income per common share:
Basic $ 0.33 $ 0.17 $ 1.12 $ 0.50
Diluted $ 0.33 $ 0.17 $ 1.11 $ 0.50
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
5

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - (Continued)
(Unaudited) (In thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Net income $ 16,080 $ 8,582 $ 54,551 $ 23,926
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized (losses) gains on debt securities available-for-sale:
Net unrealized holding (losses) gains ( 3,550 ) ( 328 ) ( 6,700 ) 13,585
Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income ( 370 ) ( 45 ) ( 976 ) ( 105 )
Net unrealized (losses) gains ( 3,920 ) ( 373 ) ( 7,676 ) 13,480
Income tax benefit (expense) related to net unrealized holding (losses) gains on debt securities available-for-sale 995 92 1,876 ( 3,802 )
Income tax expense related to reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income 103 13 273 30
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax ( 2,822 ) ( 268 ) ( 5,527 ) 9,708
Comprehensive income $ 13,258 $ 8,314 $ 49,024 $ 33,634


See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
6


NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share data)
Common Stock
Shares Outstanding Par Value Additional Paid-in Capital Unallocated Common Stock Held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Net of tax Treasury Stock Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at June 30, 2020 49,263,377 $ 609 $ 548,495 $ ( 19,244 ) $ 327,606 $ 14,675 $ ( 159,565 ) $ 712,576
Net income 8,582 8,582
Other comprehensive income, net of tax ( 268 ) ( 268 )
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released 50 251 301
Stock compensation expense 346 346
Restricted stock forfeitures ( 1,225 ) 17 ( 17 ) —
Cash dividends declared and paid ($ 0.11 per common share)
( 5,586 ) ( 5,586 )
Issuance of stock for VSB Bancorp, Inc. acquisition 3,862,746 39 41,408 41,447
Balance at September 30, 2020 53,124,898 $ 648 $ 590,316 $ ( 18,993 ) $ 330,602 $ 14,407 $ ( 159,582 ) $ 757,398
Balance at June 30, 2021 50,843,651 $ 648 $ 589,664 $ ( 18,040 ) $ 361,638 $ 10,455 $ ( 191,155 ) $ 753,210
Net income 16,080 16,080
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax ( 2,822 ) ( 2,822 )
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released 247 248 495
Stock compensation expense 246 246
Restricted stock forfeitures ( 8,554 ) 111 ( 111 ) —
Exercise of stock options, net 44,196 ( 988 ) 1,435 447
Cash dividends declared and paid ($ 0.13 per common share)
( 6,310 ) ( 6,310 )
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $ 16.63 per share)
( 1,323,607 ) ( 22,140 ) ( 22,140 )
Balance at September 30, 2021 49,555,686 $ 648 $ 589,280 $ ( 17,792 ) $ 371,408 $ 7,633 $ ( 211,971 ) $ 739,206


See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
7


NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share data)
Common Stock
Shares Outstanding Par Value Additional Paid-in Capital Unallocated Common Stock Held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Net of tax Treasury Stock Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019 49,175,347 $ 609 $ 548,486 $ ( 19,740 ) $ 322,581 $ 4,699 $ ( 160,782 ) $ 695,853
Net income 23,926 23,926
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 9,708 9,708
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released 327 747 1,074
Stock compensation expense 1,227 1,227
Restricted stock issuance 83,744 ( 1,145 ) 1,145 —
Restricted stock forfeitures ( 1,225 ) 17 ( 17 ) —
Exercise of stock options, net 13,000 ( 4 ) 179 175
Cash dividends declared and paid ($ 0.33 per common share)
( 15,905 ) ( 15,905 )
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $ 12.24 per share)
( 8,714 ) ( 107 ) ( 107 )
Issuance of stock for VSB Bancorp, Inc. acquisition 3,862,746 39 41,408 41,447
Balance at September 30, 2020 53,124,898 $ 648 $ 590,316 $ ( 18,993 ) $ 330,602 $ 14,407 $ ( 159,582 ) $ 757,398
Balance at December 31, 2020 52,209,897 $ 648 $ 590,506 $ ( 18,529 ) $ 338,093 $ 13,160 $ ( 169,897 ) $ 753,981
Cumulative adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-13 ( 3,087 ) ( 3,087 )
Balance at January 1, 2021 52,209,897 648 590,506 ( 18,529 ) 335,006 13,160 ( 169,897 ) 750,894
Net income 54,551 54,551
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax ( 5,527 ) ( 5,527 )
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released 661 737 1,398
Stock compensation expense 750 750
Restricted stock issuance 147,315 ( 1,821 ) 1,821 —
Restricted stock forfeitures ( 11,791 ) 159 ( 159 ) —
Exercise of stock options, net 176,966 ( 975 ) 3,237 2,262
Cash dividends declared and paid ($ 0.37 per common share)
( 18,149 ) ( 18,149 )
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $ 15.79 per share)
( 2,966,701 ) ( 46,973 ) ( 46,973 )
Balance at September 30, 2021 49,555,686 $ 648 $ 589,280 $ ( 17,792 ) $ 371,408 $ 7,633 $ ( 211,971 ) $ 739,206

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
8

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited) (In thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020
Net income $ 54,551 $ 23,926
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
(Benefit) provision for credit losses ( 6,223 ) 10,269
ESOP and stock compensation expense 2,148 2,301
Depreciation 2,919 2,603
Amortization of premiums, and deferred loan costs, net of (accretion) discounts, and deferred loan fees 807 3,450
Amortization of intangible assets 150 165
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 3,274 3,665
Income on bank-owned life insurance ( 2,567 ) ( 2,635 )
Net gain on sale of loans held-for-sale ( 1,401 ) ( 665 )
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net ( 976 ) ( 105 )
Gains on trading securities, net ( 1,096 ) ( 397 )
Net sales of trading securities 626 626
Decrease in accrued interest receivable 864 1,963
Increase in other assets ( 10,970 ) ( 6,632 )
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities 1,297 ( 9,117 )
Net cash provided by operating activities 43,403 29,417
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net increase in loans receivable ( 116,535 ) ( 162,384 )
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale 151,559 48,165
Purchases of FHLB of New York stock ( 220 ) ( 10,497 )
Redemptions of FHLB of New York stock 6,525 20,610
Purchases of debt securities available-for-sale ( 409,506 ) ( 302,378 )
Purchases of equity securities ( 5,000 ) ( 4,276 )
Principal payments and maturities on debt securities available-for-sale 370,992 389,799
Principal payments and maturities on debt securities held-to-maturity 1,376 627
Proceeds from sale of debt securities available-for-sale 207,991 17,121
Proceeds from sale of equity securities 34 3,115
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance 1,021 2,716
Purchases and improvements of premises and equipment ( 1,293 ) ( 1,576 )
Net cash acquired in business combination — 72,875
Net cash provided by investing activities 206,944 73,917
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits 64,829 358,339
Dividends paid ( 18,149 ) ( 15,905 )
Exercise of stock options 2,262 175
Purchase of treasury stock ( 46,973 ) ( 107 )
Increase (decrease) in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance 3,819 ( 2,716 )
Proceeds from securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings 15 370,901
Repayments related to securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings ( 170,000 ) ( 611,000 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities ( 164,197 ) 99,687
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 86,150 203,021
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 87,544 147,818
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 173,694 $ 350,839

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements
9

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - (Continued)
(Unaudited) (In thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest $ 13,665 $ 33,468
Income taxes 27,090 11,910
Non-cash transactions:
Loan charge-offs, net 2,875 260
Transfer of loans held-for-investment to loans-held-for-sale at fair value 131,883 47,500
Transfer of loans held-for-sale at fair value to loans held-for-investment 1,612 —
Transfer of loans held-for-investment to other real estate owned 100 —
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities 1,596 3,028
Acquisition:
Non-cash assets acquired, at fair value:
Debt securities available-for-sale $ — $ 126,931
Loans — 180,431
Accrued interest receivable — 1,415
Bank-owned life insurance — 5,714
Premises and equipment — 7,789
Goodwill — 3,183
Other assets — 4,702
Total non-cash assets acquired — 330,165
Non-cash liabilities assumed, at fair value:
Deposits — 354,592
Other liabilities — 7,001
Total non-cash liabilities assumed — 361,593
Net non-cash liabilities assumed — ( 31,428 )
Net cash and cash equivalents acquired — 72,875
Common stock issued in acquisition $ — $ 41,447


See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

10
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Consolidated Financial Statements
Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements are comprised of the accounts of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Northfield Investments, Inc. and Northfield Bank (the “ Bank ” ), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, NSB Services Corp. and NSB Realty Trust, collectively the “ Company ” ). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting solely of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the unaudited periods presented have been included. The results of operations and other data presented for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021 or for any other period. Whenever necessary, certain prior year amounts are reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
In preparing the unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ( “ U.S. GAAP ” ), management has made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets and for the periods indicated in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to change are: the allowance for credit losses, estimated cash flows of our purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”, or, previously, purchased credit-impaired “PCI”) loans and the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. While management uses its best judgment, actual amounts or results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Certain information and note disclosures usually included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ( “ SEC ” ) for the preparation of interim financial statements. The consolidated financial statements presented should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC.

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”) which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The Company used the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The adoption of the new standard resulted in the Company recording an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $ 11.1 million, comprised of $ 10.4 million and $ 737,000 for loans and unfunded commitments, respectively, including $ 6.8 million related to PCD loans. For PCD loans, the allowance for credit losses recorded is recognized through a gross-up that increases the amortized cost basis of loans with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore results in no impact to shareholders' equity. The remaining increase to the allowance for credit losses of $ 4.3 million was offset in stockholders' equity and deferred taxes. As a result of adopting CECL, the Company's prior distinction between the originated loan portfolio and the non-PCD acquired loan portfolio is no longer necessary. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2021 are presented under CECL, while prior period amounts continue to be recorded with previously applicable U.S. GAAP. Further information regarding the impact of CECL can be found in Note 6 - Loans , Note 7 – Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans , and Note 15 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted .

11
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
COVID-19

The Coronavirus Disease ("COVID-19") pandemic has negatively impacted the national and local economy, disrupted supply chains and increased unemployment levels. While vaccination rollouts, government stimulus, continued business re-openings and increased consumer activity (as social restrictions have eased) led to a sharp rebound in economic activity during the first nine months of 2021, there are substantial variations in the pace of recovery across and within corporate sectors, and economic activity both on a national level and in the markets we serve has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels. In addition, the rise in cases of the new COVID-19 delta variant may threaten to undermine the economic recovery. The Company is committed to supporting its customers, employees and communities and continues to update protocols to adapt to the changing environment. The Company's bank branches offer drive through services without interruption, while lobbies are fully open or accessible to clients via appointment. The Company continues to provide secure and efficient remote and in-person work options for back office employees.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law. It contains substantial tax and spending provisions intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act includes a range of other provisions designed to support the U.S. economy and mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions and their customers, including through the authorization of various relief programs and measures that the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and other federal banking agencies have implemented or may implement.

The CARES Act includes a provision that permits a financial institution to elect to suspend temporarily troubled debt restructures (“TDR”) accounting under current U.S. GAAP in certain circumstances. To be eligible, a loan modification must be: (1) related to COVID-19; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (a) 60 days after the date of termination of the national emergency or (b) December 31, 2020. This relief was further extended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act to the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the date of termination of the national emergency. The relief provided includes short-term (e.g., up to six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. The banking regulators issued similar guidance, which also clarified that a COVID-19-related modification should not be considered a TDR if the borrower was current on payments at the time the underlying loan modification program was implemented and if the modification is considered to be short-term. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact to customers, the Company introduced a short-term modification program in March 2020 that provided temporary payment relief to those borrowers directly impacted by COVID-19. The program allows for a deferral of payments typically for 90 days, which may be extended for additional 90 day periods. See Note 6 - Loans for additional details of the Company's loan modification program.

A provision in the CARES Act provided for a loan guarantee program called the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), which provided 100% federally guaranteed loans for small businesses to cover payroll, utilities, rent and interest. These small business loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and may be forgiven if borrowers maintain their payrolls and satisfy certain other conditions for a period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had originated over 2,300 PPP loans to new and existing customers, totaling approximately $ 232.2 million. The PPP provides for lender processing fees that range from 1% to 5% of the final disbursement made to individual borrowers. As of September 30, 2021, we have received cumulative loan processing fees of $ 9.5 million, of which $ 6.2 million has been recognized in earnings through September 30, 2021, including $ 4.3 million recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The remaining unearned fees will be recognized in income over the remaining term of the loans. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and are therefore excluded from the allowance for credit and lease losses calculation. There were 733 PPP loans totaling $ 72.9 million in our loan portfolio at September 30, 2021.

The Company continues to maintain a strong liquidity and capital position as a buffer to protect against the economic uncertainties presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 30, 2021, both the Company and the Bank's capital ratios were in excess of regulatory requirements and are both currently classified as well capitalized. The Company maintains access to multiple sources of liquidity and expects to have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments in the normal course of business.

12
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
While the Company has not to date incurred any long-term material adverse effects on its results of operations as a result of COVID-19, the full impact of the pandemic is still unknown at this time and will depend on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic, the success of the continued COVID-19 vaccine rollout, and other actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic. In addition, the rise in COVID-19 delta variant cases and actions taken to contain the spread of coronavirus may threaten to undermine the economic recovery and negatively impact the demand for loans and other services we offer. Because of the significant uncertainties related to the ultimate duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on our customers and prospects, and on the local and national economy, there can be no assurances as to how the crisis may ultimately affect the Company's loan portfolio, and business as a whole. As such, the Company could be subject to certain risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.

Note 2 – Business Combinations
On July 1, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of VSB Bancorp, Inc. (“Victory”), parent company of Victory State Bank, in a stock transaction, which after purchase accounting adjustments, added $ 402.8 million to total assets, including $ 180.4 million to loans, and $ 354.6 million to deposits, and six branch offices in Staten Island, New York. Under the terms of the merger agreement, each share of Victory common stock was exchanged for 2.0463 shares of Northfield common stock with fractional shares paid out in cash.

The transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, the purchase price has been allocated to the respective assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values, net of tax, as of July 1, 2020, and results of operations have been included in the Company's consolidated statements of income from that date forward. The excess of consideration paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired has been recorded as goodwill.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition for Victory (in thousands):
July 1, 2020
Fair Value
Total Purchase Price $ 41,173
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 72,875
Debt securities available for sale 126,931
Loans 180,431
Accrued interest receivable 1,415
Bank-owned life insurance 5,714
Premises and equipment 7,789
Other assets 5,010
Total assets acquired 400,165
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits 354,592
Other liabilities 7,001
Total liabilities assumed 361,593
Net assets acquired $ 38,572
Goodwill recorded in the merger $ 2,601

The calculation of goodwill is subject to change for up to one year after the date of acquisition as additional information that existed as of the acquisition date estimates and uncertainties become available. As of September 30, 2021, the Company finalized its review of the acquired assets and liabilities and recorded an adjustment to the carrying value of goodwill and a corresponding adjustment to deferred tax assets of $ 304,000 .

Fair Value Measurement of Assets Assumed and Liabilities Assumed

Described below are the methods used to determine the fair value of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Victory acquisition.
13
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Cash and Cash Equivalents. The estimated fair values of cash and cash equivalents approximate their stated face amounts, as these financial instruments are either due on demand or have short-term maturities.

Debt Securities Available-for-Sale. The estimated fair values of the securities were calculated utilizing Level 2 inputs. Prices for the securities were obtained from an independent nationally recognized third-party pricing service.

Loans. The acquired loan portfolio was valued based on current guidance which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Level 3 inputs were utilized to value the portfolio and included the use of present value techniques employing cash flow estimates and the incorporated assumptions that marketplace participants would use in estimating fair values. In instances where reliable market information was not available, the Company used its own assumptions in an effort to determine reasonable fair value. Specifically, management utilized three separate fair value analyses which a market participant would employ in estimating the total fair value adjustment. The three separate fair valuation methodologies used were: 1) interest rate loan fair value analysis; 2) general credit fair value adjustment; and 3) specific credit fair value adjustment.

To prepare the interest rate fair value analysis, loans were grouped by characteristics such as loan type, term, collateral and rate. Market rates for similar loans were obtained from various external data sources and reviewed by Company management for reasonableness. The average of these rates was used as the fair value interest rate a market participant would utilize. A present value approach was utilized to calculate the interest rate fair value adjustment.

The general credit fair value adjustment was calculated using a two-part general credit fair value analysis: 1) expected credit losses; and 2) estimated fair value adjustment for qualitative factors. The expected credit losses were calculated using an average of historical losses of the acquired bank and industry bench mark loss rates observed for loans with similar underlying characteristics. The adjustment related to qualitative factors was impacted by general economic conditions and the risk related to lack of familiarity with the originator's underwriting process.

To calculate the specific credit fair value adjustment, management reviewed the acquired loan portfolio for loans meeting the definition of an impaired loan with deteriorated credit quality. Loans meeting this definition were reviewed by comparing the contractual cash flows to expected collectible cash flows. The aggregate expected cash flows less the acquisition date fair value resulted in an accretable yield amount. The accretable yield amount will be recognized over the life of the loans on a level yield basis as an adjustment to yield.

The following is a summary of the credit impaired loans acquired in the Victory acquisition as of the closing date (in thousands):
July 1, 2020
Contractually required principal and interest $ 7,809
Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected (non-accretable discount) 3,315
Expected cash flows to be collected at acquisition 4,494
Interest component of expected cash flows (accretable yield) ( 599 )
Fair value of acquired loans $ 3,895

Leases. Five lease obligations were added as part of the acquisition, and the Company recorded a $ 2.5 million operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability for these lease obligations.

Deposits. The fair values of deposit liabilities with no stated maturity (i.e., non-interest bearing demand accounts, interest-bearing negotiable orders of withdrawal ("NOW"), savings and money market accounts) are equal to the carrying amounts payable on demand. The fair values of certificates of deposit represent contractual cash flows, discounted to present value using interest rates currently offered on deposits with similar characteristics and remaining maturities.


14
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 3 – Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
The following is a comparative summary of mortgage-backed and other debt securities available-for-sale at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021
Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized unrealized unrealized fair
cost gains losses value
U.S. Government agency securities $ 2,344 $ — $ ( 17 ) $ 2,327
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
Government sponsored enterprises ("GSEs") 356,687 7,341 ( 928 ) 363,100
Real estate mortgage investment conduits ("REMICs"):
GSE 556,639 4,406 ( 832 ) 560,213
913,326 11,747 ( 1,760 ) 923,313
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds 77 1 — 78
Corporate bonds 158,608 579 ( 94 ) 159,093
158,685 580 ( 94 ) 159,171
Total debt securities available-for-sale $ 1,074,355 $ 12,327 $ ( 1,871 ) $ 1,084,811

December 31, 2020
Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized unrealized unrealized fair
cost gains losses value
U.S. Government agency securities $ 3,168 $ — $ ( 10 ) $ 3,158
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE 270,867 10,720 ( 244 ) 281,343
REMICs:
GSE 884,414 7,027 ( 476 ) 890,965
Non-GSE 4 — — 4
1,155,285 17,747 ( 720 ) 1,172,312
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds 122 1 — 123
Corporate bonds 87,319 1,099 — 88,418
Asset-backed securities 779 15 — 794
88,220 1,115 — 89,335
Total debt securities available-for-sale $ 1,246,673 $ 18,862 $ ( 730 ) $ 1,264,805
15
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following is a summary of the expected maturity distribution of debt securities available-for-sale, other than mortgage-backed securities, at September 30, 2021 (in thousands):
Available-for-sale Amortized cost Estimated fair value
Due in one year or less $ 45,327 $ 45,587
Due after one year through five years 98,348 98,631
Due after five years through ten years 17,354 17,280
$ 161,029 $ 161,498
Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities are not included above, as expected maturities on mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.

Certain debt securities available-for-sale are pledged or encumbered to secure borrowings under Pledge Agreements and Repurchase Agreements and for other purposes required by law. At September 30, 2021, the fair value of debt securities available-for-sale that were pledged to secure borrowings and deposits was $ 498.2 million.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company had gross proceeds of $ 112.5 million on sales of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $ 370,000 and no gross realized losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company had gross proceeds of $ 208.0 million on sales and calls of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $ 976,000 and no gross realized losses. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company had gross proceeds of $ 4.5 million on sales and calls of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $ 48,000 related to sales of securities and gross realized losses of $ 3,000 related to calls of securities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company had gross proceeds of $ 17.1 million on sales and calls of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $ 122,000 related to sales of securities and gross realized losses of $ 17,000 related to calls of securities. The Company recognized net losses of $ 75,000 and net gains of $ 1.1 million on its trading securities portfolio during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized net gains of $ 763,000 and $ 397,000 , respectively, on its trading securities portfolio.

Gross unrealized losses on mortgage-backed and other debt securities available-for-sale, and the estimated fair value of the related securities, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, were as follows (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated
losses fair value losses fair value losses fair value
U.S. Government agency securities $ ( 17 ) $ 2,327 $ — $ — $ ( 17 ) $ 2,327
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE ( 684 ) 151,998 ( 244 ) 15,056 ( 928 ) 167,054
REMICs:
GSE ( 783 ) 126,493 ( 49 ) 4,049 ( 832 ) 130,542
Other debt securities:
Corporate bonds ( 94 ) 49,905 — — ( 94 ) 49,905
Total $ ( 1,578 ) $ 330,723 $ ( 293 ) $ 19,105 $ ( 1,871 ) $ 349,828


16
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
December 31, 2020
Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated
losses fair value losses fair value losses fair value
U.S. Government agency securities $ ( 10 ) $ 3,158 $ — $ — $ ( 10 ) $ 3,158
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE ( 233 ) 28,419 ( 11 ) 459 ( 244 ) 28,878
REMICs:
GSE ( 476 ) 210,569 — — ( 476 ) 210,569
Total $ ( 719 ) $ 242,146 $ ( 11 ) $ 459 $ ( 730 ) $ 242,605
The Company held 15 pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs and 18 REMIC mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs that were in a continuous unrealized loss position of twelve months or greater at September 30, 2021. There were 14 pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, 19 REMIC mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, six corporate bonds and one U.S. Government agency security that were in an unrealized loss position of less than twelve months at September 30, 2021. All securities referred to above were rated investment grade at September 30, 2021.

Available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions are evaluated for impairment related to credit losses on a quarterly basis. In performing an assessment of whether any decline in fair value is due to a credit loss, the Company considers the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost, changes in credit ratings, any adverse economic conditions, as well as all relevant information at the individual security level such as credit deterioration of the issuer or collateral underlying the security. In assessing the impairment, the Company compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected with the amortized cost basis of the security. If it is determined that the decline in fair value was due to credit losses, an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited to the amount the fair value is less than amortized cost basis. The Company did not recognize any allowance for credit losses on its available-for-sale debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The non-credit related decrease in the fair value, such as a decline due to changes in market interest rates, is recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax. The Company also assesses the intent to sell the securities (as well as the likelihood of a near-term recovery). If the Company intends to sell an available for sale debt security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the debt security is written down to its fair value and the write down is charged to the debt security’s fair value at the reporting date with any incremental impairment reported in earnings.

The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivable associated with debt securities available-for-sale totaling $ 1.7 million at September 30, 2021 was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.
17
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Note 4 – Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity
The following is a summary of mortgage-backed securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE $ 5,811 $ 272 $ — $ 6,083
Total securities held-to-maturity $ 5,811 $ 272 $ — $ 6,083
December 31, 2020
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE $ 7,234 $ 340 $ — $ 7,574
Total securities held-to-maturity $ 7,234 $ 340 $ — $ 7,574
Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities are not presented, as expected maturities on mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties. There were no sales of held-to-maturity securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 or September 30, 2020.

At September 30, 2021, debt securities held-to-maturity with a carrying value of $ 736,000 were pledged to secure borrowings and deposits.

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no debt securities held-to-maturity in an unrealized loss position.

The Company's held-to-maturity securities are residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and it is expected that the securities will not be settled at prices less than the amortized cost bases of the securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities.

The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity securities from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivable associated with held-to-maturity securities totaling $ 18,000 at September 30, 2021 was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.

Note 5 – Equity Securities

At September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, equity securities totaled $ 5.2 million and $ 253,000 , respectively. Equity securities consist of money market mutual funds recorded at fair value of $ 215,000 and $ 253,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and in addition, an investment in a private SBA loan fund (the “SBA Loan Fund”) recorded at net asset value of $ 5.0 million and $ 0 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. As the SBA Loan Fund operates as a private fund, its shares are not publicly traded and, therefore, have no readily determinable market value. The SBA Loan Fund was recorded at net asset value as a practical expedient for reporting fair value.
18
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Note 6 – Loans
On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted the CECL standard for measuring credit losses, which replaced the incurred loss methodology. As a result of adopting CECL, the Company combined its originated loan portfolio and the acquired loan portfolio into the respective portfolio segments. Other than to combine the originated and non-PCD acquired loan portfolios, the Company's portfolio segments and loan classes remain unchanged following the adoption of the CECL standard. Prior period disclosures have been revised to conform to current period presentation (by combining originated and acquired portfolio segments), however, the Company did not recast comparative financial information and that is still presented in accordance with previous applicable provisions of U.S. GAAP.

The following table summarizes the Company’s loans held-for-investment (in thousands):

September 30, December 31,
2021 2020
Real estate loans:
Multifamily $ 2,546,296 $ 2,509,310
Commercial mortgage 783,355 716,973
One-to-four family residential mortgage 187,051 210,817
Home equity and lines of credit 102,023 91,126
Construction and land 26,205 74,318
Total real estate loans 3,644,930 3,602,544
Commercial and industrial loans (1)
153,720 194,352
Other loans 2,255 3,029
Total commercial and industrial and other loans 155,975 197,381
Deferred origination loan costs, net (2)
— 4,795
Loans held-for-investment, net (excluding PCD/PCI) 3,800,905 3,804,720
PCD/PCI loans 16,054 18,518
Total Loans held-for-investment, net 3,816,959 3,823,238
Allowance for credit losses ( 38,862 ) ( 37,607 )
Net loans held-for-investment $ 3,778,097 $ 3,785,631
(1) Included in commercial and industrial loans at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are PPP loans totaling $ 72.9 million and $ 126.5 million, respectively.
(2) Under CECL, origination deferred fees, deferred fees on acquired loans, and purchase accounting adjustments in connection with loans acquired are included in loans by respective portfolio.

The Company had no loans held-for-sale at September 30, 2021. At December 31, 2020, loans held-for-sale totaled $ 19.9 million.

In addition to originating loans, the Company may acquire loans through portfolio purchases or acquisitions of other companies. Purchased loans that have evidence of more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination are deemed purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans. In accordance with ASU 2016-13, with its adoption of the CECL standard, the Company did not reassess whether previously recognized PCI loans accounted for under prior accounting guidance met the criteria of a PCD loan as of the date of adoption. All loans considered to be PCI prior to the adoption of CECL were converted to PCD upon adoption. For PCD loans, each loan pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows. PCD loans totaled $ 16.1 million at September 30, 2021, as compared to $ 18.5 million of PCI loans at December 31, 2020. The majority of the PCD loan balance is attributable to those loans acquired as part of a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-assisted transaction. At September 30, 2021, PCD loans consisted of approximately 16 % one-to-four family residential loans, 25 % commercial real estate loans and 47 % commercial and industrial loans, with the remaining balance in construction and home equity loans. At December 31, 2020, PCI loans consisted of approximately 22 % one-to-four family residential loans, 23 % commercial real estate loans and 40 % commercial and industrial loans, with the remaining balance in home equity loans.
19
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Credit Quality Indicators

The Company monitors the credit quality of its loan portfolio on a regular basis. Credit quality is monitored by reviewing certain credit quality indicators. Management has determined that loan-to-value ratios (at period end) and internally assigned credit risk ratings by loan type are the key credit quality indicators that best measure the credit quality of the Company’s loan receivables. Loan-to-value ( “LTV” ) ratios used by management in monitoring credit quality are based on current period loan balances and original appraised values at the time of origination (unless a current appraisal has been obtained as a result of the loan being deemed impaired).
The Company maintains a credit risk rating system as part of the risk assessment of its loan portfolio. The Company’s lending officers are required to assign a credit risk rating to each loan in their portfolio at origination. This risk rating is reviewed periodically and adjusted if necessary. Monthly, management presents monitored assets to the loan committee. In addition, the Company engages a third-party independent loan reviewer that performs semi-annual reviews of a sample of loans, validating the credit risk ratings assigned to such loans. The credit risk ratings play an important role in the establishment of the provision for credit losses on loans and the allowance for credit losses for loans held-for-investment. After determining the loss factor for each portfolio segment held-for-investment, the collectively evaluated for impairment balance of the held-for-investment portfolio is multiplied by the collectively evaluated for impairment loss factor for the respective portfolio segment in order to determine the allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment.

When assigning a risk rating to a loan, management utilizes the Bank’s internal nine-point credit risk rating system.

1. Strong
2. Good
3. Acceptable
4. Adequate
5. Watch
6. Special Mention
7. Substandard
8. Doubtful
9. Loss
Loans rated 1 to 5 are considered pass ratings. An asset is classified substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets have well defined weaknesses based on objective evidence, and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as doubtful have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on current circumstances. Assets classified as loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but possess weaknesses, are required to be designated special mention.

20
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following table presents the Company’s loans held-for-investment, excluding PCD loans, by loan class, credit risk ratings and year of origination, at September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Total
Real Estate:
Multifamily
Pass $ 531,300 $ 545,674 $ 355,399 $ 276,368 $ 244,623 $ 575,489 $ 489 $ 2,529,342
Special Mention — — — — — 429 — 429
Substandard — — 4,660 3,803 — 8,062 — 16,525
Total multifamily 531,300 545,674 360,059 280,171 244,623 583,980 489 2,546,296
Commercial
Pass 89,850 73,551 98,944 100,274 67,806 288,266 36,596 755,287
Special Mention — — 508 — 500 4,742 — 5,750
Substandard — — 7,884 — 2,372 8,718 3,344 22,318
Total commercial 89,850 73,551 107,336 100,274 70,678 301,726 39,940 783,355
One-to-four family residential
Pass 4,784 9,342 12,089 13,530 12,359 128,149 603 180,856
Special Mention — — 529 — — 2,368 — 2,897
Substandard — — 524 — — 2,774 — 3,298
Total one-to-four family residential 4,784 9,342 13,142 13,530 12,359 133,291 603 187,051
Construction and land
Pass — 1,556 1,377 525 2,068 3,523 17,156 26,205
Total construction and land — 1,556 1,377 525 2,068 3,523 17,156 26,205
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass 31,485 18,195 12,156 9,063 4,142 26,323 — 101,364
Special Mention — — — — — 301 — 301
Substandard — — 97 87 — 174 — 358
Total home equity and lines of credit 31,485 18,195 12,253 9,150 4,142 26,798 — 102,023
Total real estate loans 657,419 648,318 494,167 403,650 333,870 1,049,318 58,188 3,644,930
Commercial and industrial
Pass 95,854 25,987 7,399 4,089 1,027 14,882 1,876 151,114
Special Mention — — 279 235 138 253 — 905
Substandard — 395 116 397 — 793 — 1,701
Total commercial and industrial 95,854 26,382 7,794 4,721 1,165 15,928 1,876 153,720
Other
Pass 1,929 165 25 33 4 99 — 2,255
Total other 1,929 165 25 33 4 99 — 2,255
Total loans held-for-investment, net $ 755,202 $ 674,865 $ 501,986 $ 408,404 $ 335,039 $ 1,065,345 $ 60,064 $ 3,800,905

21
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following table details the recorded investment of loans held-for-investment, excluding PCI loans, net of deferred fees and costs, by loan type and credit quality indicator at December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

December 31, 2020
Real Estate
Multifamily Commercial One-to-Four Family Construction and Land Home Equity and Lines of Credit Commercial and Industrial Other Total
Internal Risk Rating
Pass $ 2,497,556 $ 667,568 $ 207,633 $ 74,351 $ 92,385 $ 189,372 $ 3,026 $ 3,731,891
Special Mention 458 20,422 2,456 — 311 498 — 24,145
Substandard 14,920 29,576 2,133 — 441 1,611 3 48,684
Total loans held-for-investment, net $ 2,512,934 $ 717,566 $ 212,222 $ 74,351 $ 93,137 $ 191,481 $ 3,029 $ 3,804,720

Past Due and Non-Accrual Loans

Included in loans receivable held-for-investment are loans for which the accrual of interest income has been discontinued due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrowers. The recorded investment of these non-accrual loans was $ 7.2 million and $ 8.5 million at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. Generally, loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more delinquent, or sooner if considered appropriate by management, and remain on non-accrual status until they are brought current, have six consecutive months of performance under the loan terms, and factors indicating reasonable doubt about the timely collection of payments no longer exist. Therefore, loans may be current in accordance with their loan terms, or may be less than 90 days delinquent and still be on a non-accruing status.

When an individual loan no longer demonstrates the similar credit risk characteristics as other loans within its current segment, the Company evaluates each for expected credit losses on an individual basis. All non-accrual loans $ 500,000 and above and all loans designated as TDRs are individually evaluated. The non-accrual amounts included in loans individually evaluated for impairment were $ 4.3 million and $ 5.5 million at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. Loans on non-accrual status with principal balances less than $ 500,000 , and therefore not individually evaluated for impairment, amounted to $ 2.9 million at September 30, 2021, and $ 3.0 million at December 31, 2020. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest were $ 272,000 at September 30, 2021, and $ 1.1 million at December 31, 2020, and consisted of loans that are considered well-secured and in the process of collection.

The Company had no loans held-for-sale at September 30, 2021. At December 31, 2020, the Company had $ 19.9 million in loans held-for-sale. At December 31, 2020, the loans held-for-sale were comprised of commercial real estate and multifamily loans, primarily accommodation (hotel or motel) loans that were modified in the form of interest and/or principal payment deferrals due to COVID-19 related hardships, and had not returned to contractual payments after 180 days of relief. The sale of these loans was completed in March 2021.
22
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables set forth the detail, and delinquency status, of non-performing loans (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing), net of deferred fees and costs, at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, excluding PCD/PCI loans (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
Total Non-Performing Loans
Non-Accruing Loans
Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Total Non-Performing Loans
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial
Substandard $ 2,907 $ 73 $ 1,887 $ 4,867 $ 206 $ 5,073
Total commercial 2,907 73 1,887 4,867 206 5,073
One-to-four family residential
Substandard — — 314 314 60 374
Total one-to-four family residential — — 314 314 60 374
Multifamily
Substandard — — 1,903 1,903 — 1,903
Total multifamily — — 1,903 1,903 — 1,903
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass — — — — 6 6
Substandard — — 126 126 — 126
Total home equity and lines of credit — — 126 126 6 132
Total real estate 2,907 73 4,230 7,210 272 7,482
Commercial and industrial loans
Substandard — 35 — 35 — 35
Total commercial and industrial loans — 35 — 35 — 35
Total non-performing loans $ 2,907 $ 108 $ 4,230 $ 7,245 $ 272 $ 7,517
23
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

December 31, 2020
Total Non-Performing Loans
Non-Accruing Loans
Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Total Non-Performing Loans
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial
Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 500 $ 500
Substandard 2,829 537 2,863 6,229 — 6,229
Total commercial 2,829 537 2,863 6,229 500 6,729
One-to-four family residential
Substandard 413 — 493 906 174 1,080
Total one-to-four family residential 413 — 493 906 174 1,080
Multifamily
Substandard — — 1,153 1,153 — 1,153
Total multifamily — — 1,153 1,153 — 1,153
Home equity and lines of credit
Substandard 60 — 131 191 — 191
Total home equity and lines of credit 60 — 131 191 — 191
Total real estate 3,302 537 4,640 8,479 674 9,153
Commercial and industrial loans
Pass — — — — 101 101
Special Mention — — — — 85 85
Substandard — — 37 37 250 287
Total commercial and industrial loans — — 37 37 436 473
Other loans
Pass — — — — 3 3
Total other — — — — 3 3
Total non-performing loans $ 3,302 $ 537 $ 4,677 $ 8,516 $ 1,113 $ 9,629
24
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables set forth the detail and delinquency status of loans held-for-investment, excluding PCD/PCI loans, net of deferred fees and costs, at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021
Past Due Loans
30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable, net
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial
Pass $ 346 $ — $ — $ 346 $ 754,941 $ 755,287
Special Mention — — — — 5,750 5,750
Substandard 1,458 1,887 206 3,551 18,767 22,318
Total commercial 1,804 1,887 206 3,897 779,458 783,355
One-to-four family residential
Pass 374 — — 374 180,482 180,856
Special Mention 560 — — 560 2,337 2,897
Substandard 160 314 60 534 2,764 3,298
Total one-to-four family residential 1,094 314 60 1,468 185,583 187,051
Construction and land
Pass — — — — 26,205 26,205
Total construction and land — — — — 26,205 26,205
Multifamily
Pass 1,109 — — 1,109 2,528,233 2,529,342
Special Mention — — — — 429 429
Substandard 2,201 1,903 — 4,104 12,421 16,525
Total multifamily 3,310 1,903 — 5,213 2,541,083 2,546,296
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass 64 — 6 70 101,294 101,364
Special Mention 196 — — 196 105 301
Substandard 97 126 — 223 135 358
Total home equity and lines of credit 357 126 6 489 101,534 102,023
Total real estate 6,565 4,230 272 11,067 3,633,863 3,644,930
Commercial and industrial
Pass 1,702 — — 1,702 149,412 151,114
Special Mention 94 — — 94 811 905
Substandard 35 — — 35 1,666 1,701
Total commercial and industrial 1,831 — — 1,831 151,889 153,720
Other loans
Pass 6 — — 6 2,249 2,255
Total other loans 6 — — 6 2,249 2,255
Total loans held-for-investment $ 8,402 $ 4,230 $ 272 $ 12,904 $ 3,788,001 $ 3,800,905

25
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
December 31, 2020
Past Due Loans
30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable, net
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial
Pass $ 6,072 $ — $ 500 $ 6,572 $ 660,996 $ 667,568
Special Mention 72 — — 72 20,350 20,422
Substandard 3,185 2,863 — 6,048 23,528 29,576
Total commercial 9,329 2,863 500 12,692 704,874 717,566
One-to-four family residential
Pass 282 — — 282 207,351 207,633
Special Mention 870 — — 870 1,586 2,456
Substandard — 493 174 667 1,466 2,133
Total one-to-four family residential 1,152 493 174 1,819 210,403 212,222
Construction and land
Pass 994 — — 994 73,357 74,351
Total construction and land 994 — — 994 73,357 74,351
Multifamily
Pass 1,283 — — 1,283 2,496,273 2,497,556
Special Mention — — — — 458 458
Substandard 610 1,153 — 1,763 13,157 14,920
Total multifamily 1,893 1,153 — 3,046 2,509,888 2,512,934
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass 80 — — 80 92,305 92,385
Special Mention 200 — — 200 111 311
Substandard 100 131 — 231 210 441
Total home equity and lines of credit 380 131 — 511 92,626 93,137
Total real estate 13,748 4,640 674 19,062 3,591,148 3,610,210
Commercial and industrial
Pass 632 — 101 733 188,639 189,372
Special Mention 61 — 85 146 352 498
Substandard 67 37 250 354 1,257 1,611
Total commercial and industrial 760 37 436 1,233 190,248 191,481
Other loans
Pass 11 — 3 14 3,012 3,026
Substandard — — — — 3 3
Total other loans 11 — 3 14 3,015 3,029
Total loans held-for-investment $ 14,519 $ 4,677 $ 1,113 $ 20,309 $ 3,784,411 $ 3,804,720
26
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables summarize information on non-accrual loans, excluding PCD loans, at September 30, 2021 (in thousands):
For the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2021 		For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2021
September 30, 2021
Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance With No Related Allowance Interest Income Interest Income
Real estate loans:
Commercial $ 4,867 $ 5,377 $ 3,759 $ 17 $ 67
One-to-four family residential 314 346 — 4 10
Multifamily 1,903 1,912 516 27 60
Home equity and lines of credit 126 375 — — 2
Commercial and industrial 35 357 2 3 7
Total non-accrual loans $ 7,245 $ 8,367 $ 4,277 $ 51 $ 146

The following table summarizes impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, at December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

December 31, 2020
Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance
With No Allowance Recorded:
Real estate loans:
Commercial $ 8,838 $ 10,076 $ —
One-to-four family residential 1,903 2,032 —
Multifamily 626 1,097 —
Home equity and lines of credit 15 15 —
Total Real Estate 11,382 13,220 —
With a Related Allowance Recorded:
Real estate loans:
Commercial 1,812 2,244 ( 66 )
Home equity and lines of credit 32 32 ( 3 )
Total Real Estate 1,844 2,276 ( 69 )
Commercial and industrial loans 16 16 ( 4 )
Total:
Real estate loans
Commercial 10,650 12,320 ( 66 )
One-to-four family residential 1,903 2,032 —
Multifamily 626 1,097 —
Home equity and lines of credit 47 47 ( 3 )
Commercial and industrial loans 16 16 ( 4 )
$ 13,242 $ 15,512 $ ( 73 )

Included in the table above at December 31, 2020, are impaired loans with carrying balances of $ 7.8 million that were not written down by charge-offs or for which there are no specific reserves in our allowance for credit losses. Loans not written down by charge-offs or specific reserves at December 31, 2020, are considered to have sufficient collateral values, less costs to sell, to support the carrying balances of the loans.
27
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following table summarizes the average recorded investment in impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, and interest income recognized as of, and for, the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 (in thousands):
For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020 September 30, 2020
Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Average Recorded Investment Interest Income
With No Allowance Recorded:
Real estate loans:
Commercial $ 12,633 $ 50 $ 14,415 $ 336
One-to-four family residential 1,920 23 2,192 85
Multifamily 672 10 853 40
Home equity and lines of credit 18 1 19 1
Commercial and industrial loans 37 — 38 —
With a Related Allowance Recorded:
Real estate loans:
Commercial 4,097 26 2,514 83
One-to-four family residential 261 — 131 —
Home equity and lines of credit 32 — 32 1
Commercial and industrial loans 17 — 17 —
Total:
Real estate loans
Commercial 16,730 76 16,929 419
One-to-four family residential 2,181 23 2,323 85
Multifamily 672 10 853 40
Home equity and lines of credit 50 1 51 2
Commercial and industrial loans 54 — 55 —
$ 19,687 $ 110 $ 20,211 $ 546
Collateral-Dependent Loans

Loans for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral are considered to be collateral-dependent loans. Collateral can have a significant financial effect in mitigating exposure to credit risk and, where there is sufficient collateral, an allowance for credit losses is not recognized or is minimal. For collateral-dependent loans, the allowance for credit losses is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs of sale. The Company's collateral-dependent loans are secured by real estate. Collateral values are generally based on appraisals which are adjusted for changes in market indices. As of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, the Company had $ 9.1 million and $ 10.2 million of collateral-dependent impaired loans, respectively. The collateral-dependent loans at September 30, 2021 consisted of $ 7.6 million of commercial real estate loans, $ 1.1 million of multifamily loans, and $ 373,000 of one-to-four family residential loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there was no significant deterioration or changes in the collateral securing these loans.

28
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

The following tables summarize loans that were modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020:

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Number of Relationships Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (1)
(in thousands)
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Commercial and industrial 1 $ 75 75
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings 1 $ 75 $ 75
(1) Amounts are at time of modification
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Number of Relationships Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (1)
(in thousands)
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Residential 1 $ 187 $ 187
Commercial real estate 2 544 544
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings 3 $ 731 $ 731
(1) Amounts are at time of modification
There were three commercial and industrial loans to one borrower modified as a TDR during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, which were modified to reduce the interest rate, extend the maturity date, and restructure payment terms of the loans. There were four loans (to three borrowers) in the second table above, that requested COVID-19 relief and were modified as TDRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, all of which were modified to restructure payment terms. All four of the loans were delinquent and on non-accrual status prior to the implementation of our COVID-19 customer relief program (discussed further below) and were therefore considered to be TDRs.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact to customers, a short-term modification program that complied with Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus was implemented to provide temporary payment relief to those borrowers directly impacted by COVID-19. The program allows for deferral of payments for 90 days, which may extend for an additional 90 day period, with modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment. As of September 30, 2021, substantially all of the borrowers who had requested relief have returned to contractual payments. Three borrowers, with loans totaling $ 798,000 , did not return to their contractual status; however, they are making partial payments. Loans in deferment status (“COVID-19 Modified Loans”) have continued to accrue interest during the deferment period unless otherwise classified as non-performing. COVID-19 Modified Loans are required to make escrow payments for real estate taxes and insurance, if applicable. The COVID-19 Modified Loan agreements also require loans to be brought back to their fully contractual terms within 12 to 18 months and include covenants that prohibit distributions, bonuses, or payments of management fees to related entities until all deferred payments are made. Consistent with industry regulatory guidance, borrowers who were otherwise current on loan payments and were granted COVID-19 related financial hardship payment deferrals will continue to be reported as current loans throughout the agreed upon deferral period. Borrowers who were delinquent in their payments to the Bank prior to requesting a COVID-19 related financial hardship payment deferral are reviewed on a case by case basis for TDR classification and non-performing loan status.
At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had TDRs of $ 10.8 million and $ 12.1 million, respectively.

29
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Management classifies all TDRs as loans individually evaluated for impairment. Loans individually evaluated for impairment are assessed to determine that the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral-dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. Management performs an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition, management adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under TDRs which are not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation of the borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections and our established allowance for credit losses on these loans, which could have a material effect on our financial results.

At September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, there were no TDRs that were restructured during the preceding twelve months that subsequently defaulted .

Note 7 – Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) on Loans

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted the CECL standard, which requires the measurement of expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans, and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures. As a result of the adoption of CECL, the Company recorded a $ 10.4 million increase to its allowance for credit losses on loans, including $ 6.8 million related to PCD loans. For PCD loans, the allowance for credit losses recorded is recognized through a gross-up that increases the amortized cost basis of loans with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore results in no impact to shareholders' equity.

Under the CECL standard, the Company determines the ACL on loans based upon a consideration of its historical portfolio loss experience, current borrower-specific risk characteristics, forecasts of future economic conditions, reversion period, prepayments, and qualitative adjustments. The allowance is measured on a collective (loan segment) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that do not share common risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are excluded from the collective evaluation. Accrued interest on loans is excluded from the calculation of the ACL due to the Company's non-accrual policy which results in the reversal of uncollectible accrued interest on non-accrual loans against interest income in a timely manner. Accrued interest receivable on loans held-for-investment totaled $ 9.5 million at September 30, 2021, and is reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company’s loan portfolio segmentation includes: multifamily, commercial real estate, one-to-four family residential mortgage, home equity and lines of credit, commercial and industrial, construction and other consumer loans.

Allowance for Collectively Evaluated Loans Held-for-Investment

In estimating the quantitative component of the allowance on a collective basis, the Company uses a risk rating migration model which calculates an expected life of loan loss percentage for each loan by generating probability of default and loss given default metrics. The metrics are based on the migration of loans from performing to loss by credit quality rating or delinquency categories using historical life-of-loan analysis periods for each loan portfolio pool, and the severity of loss, based on the aggregate net lifetime losses incurred using the Company's own historical loss experience and comparable peer data loss history. The model's expected losses based on loss history are adjusted for qualitative factors. Among other things, these adjustments include and account for differences in: (i) changes in lending policies and procedures; (ii) changes in local, regional, national, and international economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of our portfolio, including the condition of various market segments; (iii) changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; (iv) changes in the quality of our loan review system; (v) the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations; and (vi) the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in our existing portfolio.

The Company utilizes a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period after which estimated losses revert to historical loss experience immediately for the remaining life of the loan. In establishing its estimate of expected credit losses, the Company utilizes five externally-sourced forward-looking economic scenarios developed by Moody's Analytics (“Moody's”).
30
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Management utilizes five different Moody's scenarios so as to incorporate uncertainties related to the unprecedented economic environment arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. These scenarios, which range from more benign to more severe economic outlooks, include a ‘most likely outcome’ (the “Baseline” scenario) and four less likely scenarios referred to as the “Upside” and “Downside” scenarios. Each scenario is assigned a weighting with a majority of the weighting placed on the Baseline scenario and lower weights placed on both the Upside and Downside scenarios. The weighting assigned by management is based on the economic outlook and available information at the reporting date. The model projects economic variables under each scenario based on detailed statistical analyses. The Company has identified and selected key variables that most closely correlated to its historical credit performance, which include: Gross domestic product, unemployment, and three collateral indices: the Commercial Property Price Index, the Commercial Property Price Apartment Index and the Case-Shiller Home Price Index.

Allowance for Individually Evaluated Loans

The Company measures specific reserves for individual loans that do not share common risk characteristics with other loans, consisting of all TDRs and non-accrual loans with an outstanding balance of $ 500,000 or greater. Loans individually evaluated for impairment are assessed to determine that the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral-dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. Management performs an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition, management adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under troubled debt restructurings which are not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation of the borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections and our established allowance for credit losses on these loans, which could have a material effect on our financial results. Individually impaired loans that have no impairment losses are not considered for collective allowances described earlier. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the ACL for loans individually evaluated for impairment was $ 32,000 and $ 73,000 , respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Off-Balance Sheet Exposures

An ACL for off-balance-sheet exposures represents an estimate of expected credit losses arising from off-balance sheet exposures such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit and unused lines of credit (loans on books already). Commitments to fund unused lines of credit are agreements to lend additional funds to customers as long as there have been no violations of any of the conditions established in the agreements (original or restructured). Commitments to originate loans generally have a fixed expiration or other termination clauses, which may require payment of a fee. Since some of these loan commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The reserve for off-balance sheet exposures is determined using the CECL reserve factor in the related funded loan segment, adjusted for an average historical funding rate. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and the corresponding provision is included in other non-interest expense.

The table below summarizes the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures (in thousands):

Three Months Ended
September 30, 2021 		Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2021
Balance at beginning of period $ 1,808 $ 808
Impact of CECL adoption — 737
Balance at beginning of period 1,808 1,545
Provision for credit losses 265 528
Balance at end of period $ 2,073 $ 2,073

31
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables set forth activity in our allowance for credit losses on loans, by loan type, as of, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and September 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Real Estate
Commercial (1)
One-to-Four Family Construction and Land Home Equity and Lines of Credit Commercial and Industrial Other Total Loans (excluding PCD) PCD Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance $ 26,540 $ 4,610 $ 259 $ 663 $ 2,594 $ 7 $ 34,673 $ 4,820 $ 39,493
Charge-offs — — — — ( 541 ) ( 3 ) ( 544 ) — ( 544 )
Recoveries — 27 — 25 6 3 61 — 61
Provisions (credit) ( 297 ) ( 230 ) ( 69 ) ( 46 ) 542 ( 1 ) ( 101 ) ( 47 ) ( 148 )
Ending balance $ 26,243 $ 4,407 $ 190 $ 642 $ 2,601 $ 6 $ 34,089 $ 4,773 $ 38,862
(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Real Estate
Commercial One-to-Four Family Construction and Land Multifamily Home Equity and Lines of Credit Commercial and Industrial Other Total Loans (excluding PCI) PCI Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance $ 6,699 $ 272 $ 937 $ 27,243 $ 558 $ 1,846 $ 176 $ 37,731 $ 789 $ 38,520
Charge-offs ( 12 ) — — — — — — ( 12 ) — ( 12 )
Recoveries 16 — — — 26 1 — 43 — 43
Provisions (credit) 890 ( 50 ) 198 ( 596 ) ( 157 ) ( 73 ) ( 47 ) 165 — 165
Ending balance $ 7,593 $ 222 $ 1,135 $ 26,647 $ 427 $ 1,774 $ 129 $ 37,927 $ 789 $ 38,716
32
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Real Estate
Commercial (1)
One-to-Four Family Construction and Land Home Equity and Lines of Credit Commercial and Industrial Other Total Loans (excluding PCD) PCD Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance $ 33,005 $ 207 $ 1,214 $ 260 $ 1,842 $ 198 $ 36,726 $ 881 $ 37,607
Impact of CECL adoption ( 1,949 ) 5,233 ( 921 ) 419 947 ( 188 ) 3,541 6,812 10,353
Balance at January 1, 2021 31,056 5,440 293 679 2,789 10 40,267 7,693 47,960
Charge-offs — ( 21 ) — — ( 553 ) ( 3 ) ( 577 ) ( 2,411 ) ( 2,988 )
Recoveries 19 29 — 26 34 5 113 — 113
Provisions (credit) ( 4,832 ) ( 1,041 ) ( 103 ) ( 63 ) 331 ( 6 ) ( 5,714 ) ( 509 ) ( 6,223 )
Ending balance $ 26,243 $ 4,407 $ 190 $ 642 $ 2,601 $ 6 $ 34,089 $ 4,773 $ 38,862
(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Real Estate
Commercial One-to-Four Family Construction and Land Multifamily Home Equity and Lines of Credit Commercial and Industrial Other Total Loans (excluding PCI) PCI Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance $ 4,891 $ 180 $ 536 $ 20,203 $ 317 $ 1,640 $ 151 $ 27,918 $ 789 $ 28,707
Charge-offs ( 609 ) — — — — ( 94 ) — ( 703 ) — ( 703 )
Recoveries 411 — — — 26 6 — 443 — 443
Provisions (credit) 2,900 42 599 6,444 84 222 ( 22 ) 10,269 — 10,269
Ending balance $ 7,593 $ 222 $ 1,135 $ 26,647 $ 427 $ 1,774 $ 129 $ 37,927 $ 789 $ 38,716
33
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables detail the amount of loans receivable held-for-investment, net of deferred loan fees and costs, that are evaluated, individually and collectively, for impairment, and the related portion of the allowance for credit losses that is allocated to each loan portfolio segment, at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021
Real Estate
Commercial (1)
One-to-Four Family Construction and Land Home Equity and Lines of Credit Commercial and Industrial Other Total Loans (excluding PCD) PCD Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 26 $ 3 $ — $ 3 $ — $ — $ 32 $ — $ 32
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 26,217 4,404 190 639 2,601 6 34,057 4,773 38,830
Loans, net:
Ending balance 3,329,651 187,051 26,205 102,023 153,720 2,255 3,800,905 16,054 3,816,959
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 10,091 1,586 — 41 13 — 11,731 — 11,731
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 3,319,560 185,465 26,205 101,982 80,760 2,255 3,716,227 16,054 3,732,281
PPP loans not evaluated for impairment (2)
— — — — 72,947 — 72,947 — 72,947

December 31, 2020
Real Estate
Commercial One-to-Four Family Construction and Land Multifamily Home Equity and Lines of Credit Commercial and Industrial Other Total Loans (excluding PCI) PCI Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 66 $ — $ — $ — $ 3 $ 4 $ — $ 73 $ — $ 73
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 5,944 207 1,214 26,995 257 1,838 198 36,653 881 37,534
Loans, net:
Ending balance 717,566 212,222 74,351 2,512,934 93,137 191,481 3,029 3,804,720 18,518 3,823,238
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 10,650 1,903 — 626 47 16 — 13,242 — 13,242
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 706,916 210,319 74,351 2,512,308 93,090 64,930 3,029 3,664,943 18,518 3,683,461
PPP loans not evaluated for impairment (2)
— — — — — 126,535 — 126,535 — 126,535
(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.
(2) PPP loans are guaranteed by the SBA and therefore excluded from the allowance for credit losses.
34
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Note 8 – Deposits

Deposit account balances are summarized as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Non-interest-bearing checking $ 869,008 $ 695,831
NOW and interest-bearing checking 1,056,876 905,208
Savings and money market 1,807,529 1,953,885
Certificates of deposit 407,967 521,627
Total deposits $ 4,141,380 $ 4,076,551
Interest expense on deposit accounts is summarized for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
NOW and interest-bearing checking, savings, and money market $ 671 $ 2,023 $ 2,448 $ 8,990
Certificates of deposit 749 3,620 2,513 13,405
Total interest expense on deposit accounts $ 1,420 $ 5,643 $ 4,961 $ 22,395

Note 9 – Equity Incentive Plans

The following table is a summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2021, and changes therein during the nine months then ended.
Number of Stock Options Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Contractual Life (years)
Outstanding - December 31, 2020 2,214,193 $ 4.01 $ 13.94 3.96
Forfeited ( 41,090 ) 3.96 13.62 —
Exercised ( 262,801 ) 3.93 13.56 —
Outstanding - September 30, 2021 1,910,302 4.02 14.00 3.25
Exercisable - September 30, 2021 1,893,223 4.02 13.98 3.25
Expected future stock option expense related to the non-vested options outstanding as of September 30, 2021, is $ 5,000 over a weighted average period of 0.13 years.
On January 29, 2021, the Company granted to directors and employees, under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, 147,315 restricted stock units with a total grant-date fair value of $ 1.8 million. Of these grants, 32,769 vest one year from the date of grant and 114,546 vest in equal installments over a five-year period beginning one year from the date of grant. The Company also issued 29,615 performance-based restricted stock units to its executive officers with a total grant date fair value of $ 366,041 . Vesting of the performance-based restricted stock units will be based on achievement of certain levels of Core Return on Average Assets and will cliff-vest after a three-year measurement period ended January 29, 2024, based on the Company's performance relative to a peer group as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board. At the end of the performance period, the number of actual shares to be awarded may vary between 0 % and 225 % of target amounts.
35
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s restricted stock awards at September 30, 2021, and changes therein during the nine months then ended.
Number of Shares Awarded Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2020 104,010 $ 15.91
Granted 176,930 12.59
Vested ( 38,470 ) 15.81
Forfeited ( 14,138 ) 13.86
Non-vested at September 30, 2021 228,332 13.48
Expected future stock award expense related to the non-vested restricted share awards as of September 30, 2021, is $ 2.0 million over a weighted average period of 3.5 years.
During the three months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company recorded $ 248,000 and $ 217,000 , respectively, of stock-based compensation related to the above plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company recorded $ 752,000 and $ 1.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation related to the above plan.

Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the assets reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their estimated fair value as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, by level within the fair value hierarchy as required by the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the FASB ASC. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

• Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

• Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlations or other means.

• Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

The methods of determining the fair value of assets and liabilities presented in this note are consistent with our methodologies disclosed in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
36
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2021 Using:
Carrying Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(in thousands)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Investment securities:
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Government agency $ 2,327 $ — $ 2,327 $ —
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE 363,100 — 363,100 —
REMICs:
GSE 560,213 — 560,213 —
923,313 — 923,313 —
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds 78 — 78 —
Corporate bonds 159,093 — 159,093 —
159,171 — 159,171 —
Total debt securities available-for-sale 1,084,811 — 1,084,811 —
Trading securities 12,761 12,761 — —
Equity securities (1)
215 215 — —
Total $ 1,097,787 $ 12,976 $ 1,084,811 $ —
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate $ 3,745 $ — $ — $ 3,745
One-to-four family residential mortgage 488 — — 488
Multifamily 6 — — 6
Home equity and lines of credit 28 — — 28
Total individually evaluated real estate loans 4,267 — — 4,267
Commercial and industrial loans 13 — — 13
Other real estate owned 100 — — 100
Total $ 4,380 $ — $ — $ 4,380
(1) Excludes investment measured at net asset value of $ 5.0 million at September 30, 2021, which has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

37
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using:
Carrying Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(in thousands)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Investment securities:
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Government agency securities $ 3,158 $ — $ 3,158 $ —
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE 281,343 — 281,343 —
REMICs:
GSE 890,965 — 890,965 —
Non-GSE 4 — 4 —
1,172,312 — 1,172,312 —
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds 123 — 123 —
Corporate bonds 88,418 — 88,418 —
Asset-backed securities 794 — 794 —
89,335 — 89,335 —
Total debt securities available-for-sale 1,264,805 — 1,264,805 —
Trading securities 12,291 12,291 — —
Equity securities 253 253 — —
Total $ 1,277,349 $ 12,544 $ 1,264,805 $ —
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Impaired loans:
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate $ 5,268 $ — $ — $ 5,268
Multifamily 16 — — 16
Home equity and lines of credit 28 — — 28
Total impaired real estate loans 5,312 — — 5,312
Commercial and industrial loans 13 — — 13
Total $ 5,325 $ — $ — $ 5,325
38
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following table presents qualitative information for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
Fair Value Valuation Methodology Unobservable
Inputs 		Range of Inputs
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Individually evaluated loans $ 4,280 $ 5,325 Appraisals Discount for costs to sell 7.0 % 7.0 %
Discount for quick sale 10.0 % 10.0 %
Discounted cash flows Interest rates
4.88 % to 6.25 %
4.88 % to 6.25 %
Other real estate owned 100 — Appraisals Discount for costs to sell 7.0 % N/A
The valuation techniques described below were used to measure fair value of financial instruments in the tables below on a recurring basis and a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020.
Debt Securities Available for Sale: The estimated fair values for mortgage-backed securities, corporate, and other debt securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized third-party pricing service. The estimated fair values are derived primarily from cash flow models, which include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayment speeds. Broker/dealer quotes are utilized as well, when such quotes are available and deemed representative of the market. The significant inputs utilized in the cash flow models are based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company (Observable Inputs), and are therefore classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. There were no transfers of securities between Level 1 and Level 2 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 or September 30, 2020.
Trading Securities: Fair values are derived from quoted market prices in active markets. The assets consist of publicly traded mutual funds.

Equity Securities: Fair values of equity securities consisting of publicly traded mutual funds are derived from quoted market prices in active markets.
Loans individually evaluated for impairment: At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had loans individually evaluated for impairment (excluding PCD/PCI loans) with outstanding principal balances of $ 6.3 million and $ 7.4 million, respectively, which were recorded at their estimated fair value of $ 4.3 million and $ 5.3 million, respectively. The Company recorded a net decrease in the specific reserve for impaired loans of $ 42,000 and a net increase of $ 166,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. Net charge-offs of $ 2.9 million and $ 260,000 were recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, utilizing Level 3 inputs. For purposes of estimating the fair value of impaired loans, management utilizes independent appraisals, if the loan is collateral-dependent, adjusted downward by management, as necessary, for changes in relevant valuation factors subsequent to the appraisal date, or the present value of expected future cash flows for non-collateral dependent loans and TDRs.

Other Real Estate Owned: At September 30, 2021, the Company had assets acquired through foreclosure of $ 100,000 , recorded at estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs when acquired, thus establishing a new cost basis. Estimated fair value is generally based on independent appraisals. These appraisals include adjustments to comparable assets based on the appraisers’ market knowledge and experience, and are considered Level 3 inputs. When an asset is acquired, the excess of the loan balance over fair value, less estimated selling costs, is charged to the allowance for credit losses. If the estimated fair value of the asset declines, a write-down is recorded through non-interest expense. The valuation of foreclosed assets is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in the future because of changes in the economic conditions.
In addition, the Company may be required, from time to time, to measure the fair value of certain other financial assets on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write downs of individual assets.
39
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments:
The FASB ASC Topic for Financial Instruments requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of other financial assets and financial liabilities not already discussed above:
(a)     Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are short-term in nature with original maturities of three months or less; the carrying amount approximates fair value. Certificates of deposit having original terms of six-months or less; the carrying value generally approximates fair value. Certificates of deposit with an original maturity of six months or greater; the fair value is derived from discounted cash flows.
(b) Debt Securities (Held-to-Maturity)
The estimated fair values for substantially all of our securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized pricing service. The independent pricing service utilizes market prices of same or similar securities whenever such prices are available. Prices involving distressed sellers are not utilized in determining fair value. Where necessary, the independent third-party pricing service estimates fair value using models employing techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis. The assumptions used in these models typically include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayments, utilizing market observable data where available.
(c)    Investments in Equity Securities at Net Asset Value Per Share

The Company uses net asset value as a practical expedient to record its investment in a private SBA Loan Fund since the shares in the fund are not publicly traded, do not have a readily determinable fair value and the net asset value per share is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of an investment company.
(d) Federal Home Loan Bank of New York Stock

The fair value for Federal Home Loan Bank of New York ("FHLBNY") stock is its carrying value, since this is the amount for which it could be redeemed and there is no active market for this stock.
(e) Loans (Held-for-Investment)
Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as originated and purchased, and further segregated by residential mortgage, construction, land, multifamily, commercial and consumer. Each loan category is further segmented into amortizing and non-amortizing and fixed and adjustable rate interest terms and by performing and nonperforming categories. The fair value of loans is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rates used to determine fair value use interest rate spreads that reflect factors such as liquidity, credit, and nonperformance risk of the loans.
(f) Loans (Held-for-Sale)
Held-for-sale loans are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value, less costs to sell, and therefore fair value is equal to carrying value.
(g)    Deposits
The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest bearing demand deposits, savings, NOW and money market accounts, is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.
40
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
(h) Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit

The fair value of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of off-balance sheet commitments is insignificant and therefore not included in the following table.
(i)    Borrowings
The fair value of borrowed funds is estimated by discounting future cash flows based on rates currently available for debt with similar terms and remaining maturity.
(j)    Advance Payments by Borrowers for Taxes and Insurance
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance have no stated maturity; the fair value is equal to the amount currently payable.

(k)    Derivatives

The fair value of the Company's derivatives is determined using discounted cash flow analysis using observable market-based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, is presented in the following tables (in thousands):
September 30, 2021
Estimated Fair Value
Carrying Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 173,694 $ 173,694 $ — $ — $ 173,694
Trading securities 12,761 12,761 — — 12,761
Debt securities available-for-sale 1,084,811 — 1,084,811 — 1,084,811
Debt securities held-to-maturity 5,811 — 6,083 — 6,083
Equity securities (1)
215 215 — — 215
FHLBNY stock, at cost 22,336 — 22,336 — 22,336
Net loans held-for-investment 3,778,097 — — 3,893,911 3,893,911
Derivative assets 865 — 865 — 865
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 4,141,380 $ — $ 4,144,981 $ — $ 4,144,981
Borrowed funds 421,804 — 430,730 — 430,730
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance 23,496 — 23,496 — 23,496
Derivative liabilities 867 — 867 — 867
(1) Excludes investment measured at net asset value of $ 5.0 million at September 30, 2021, which has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
41
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
December 31, 2020
Estimated Fair Value
Carrying Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 87,544 $ 87,544 $ — $ — $ 87,544
Trading securities 12,291 12,291 — — 12,291
Debt securities available-for-sale 1,264,805 — 1,264,805 — 1,264,805
Debt securities held-to-maturity 7,234 — 7,574 — 7,574
Equity securities 253 253 — — 253
FHLBNY stock, at cost 28,641 — 28,641 — 28,641
Loans held-for-sale 19,895 — — 19,895 19,895
Net loans held-for-investment 3,785,631 — — 3,842,054 3,842,054
Derivative assets 1,498 — 1,498 — 1,498
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 4,076,551 $ — $ 4,082,538 $ — $ 4,082,538
Borrowed funds 591,789 — 609,900 — 609,900
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance 19,677 — 19,677 — 19,677
Derivative liabilities 1,502 — 1,502 — 1,502
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected losses, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on-and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.
42
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 11 – Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of calculating basic earnings per share, weighted average common shares outstanding excludes unallocated employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) shares that have not been committed for release and unvested restricted stock.

Diluted earnings per share is computed using the same method as basic earnings per share, but reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options were exercised and converted into common stock and unvested shares of restricted stock vested. These potentially dilutive shares would then be included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method. When applying the treasury stock method we added the assumed proceeds from option exercises and the average unamortized compensation costs related to unvested shares of restricted stock and stock options. We then divided this sum by our average stock price for the period to calculate assumed shares repurchased. The excess of the number of shares issuable over the number of shares assumed to be repurchased is added to basic weighted average common shares to calculate diluted earnings per share.
The following is a summary of the Company’s earnings per share calculations and reconciliation of basic to diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Net income available to common stockholders $ 16,080 $ 8,582 $ 54,551 $ 23,926
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic 48,095,473 50,707,691 48,838,396 48,131,005
Effect of non-vested restricted stock and stock options outstanding 390,623 12,112 298,641 79,276
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted 48,486,096 50,719,803 49,137,037 48,210,281
Earnings per share-basic $ 0.33 $ 0.17 $ 1.12 $ 0.50
Earnings per share-diluted $ 0.33 $ 0.17 $ 1.11 $ 0.50
Anti-dilutive shares 125,744 2,287,010 417,955 1,868,511

Note 12 – Leases

The Company’s leases primarily relate to real estate property for branches and office space with terms extending from three months up to 33.75 years. At September 30, 2021, all of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases, which are required to be recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Right-of-use assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recorded at the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, at lease inception, over a similar term in determining the present value of lease payments. Certain leases include options to renew, with one or more renewal terms ranging from five to ten years . If the exercise of a renewal option is considered to be reasonably certain, the Company includes the extended term in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability.

At September 30, 2021, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet were $ 35.1 million and $ 41.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 2020, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet were $ 36.7 million and $ 42.7 million, respectively. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are recognized as incurred. Variable lease payments include common area maintenance charges, real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance costs and utilities. Operating and variable lease expenses are recorded in occupancy expense on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Supplemental lease information at or for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and September 30, 2020 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Operating lease cost $ 1,409 $ 2,073 $ 4,317 $ 4,935
Variable lease cost 974 878 3,219 2,378
Net lease cost $ 2,383 $ 2,951 $ 7,536 $ 7,313
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of operating lease liabilities $ 1,568 $ 2,111 $ 4,967 $ 5,180
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ 1,596 $ — $ 1,596 $ 3,028
Weighted average remaining lease term 11.89 years 12.39 years
Weighted average discount rate 3.55 % 3.55 %
The following table summarizes lease payment obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter in addition to a reconcilement to the Company's current lease liability (in thousands):
Year Amount
2021 $ 1,571
2022 5,923
2023 5,802
2024 5,372
2025 5,024
Thereafter 28,382
Total lease payments 52,074
Less: imputed interest 10,984
Present value of lease liabilities $ 41,090
As of September 30, 2021, the Company had not entered into any leases that have not yet commenced.

Note 13 – Revenue Recognition
The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”) . The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities, which comprise the majority of the Company’s revenue.
The Company’s revenue streams that are within the scope of Topic 606 include service charges on deposit accounts, ATM and card interchange fees, investment services fees, and other miscellaneous income. Fees and service charges for customer services include: (i) service charges on deposit accounts, including account maintenance fees, overdraft fees, insufficient funds fees, wire fees, and other deposit related fees; (ii) ATM and card interchange fees, which include fees generated when a Bank cardholder uses a non-Bank ATM or a non-Bank cardholder uses a Bank ATM, and fees earned whenever the Bank's debit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa; and (iii) investment services fees earned through partnering with a third-party investment and brokerage service firm to provide insurance and investment products to customers. The Company's performance obligation for fees and service charges is satisfied and related revenue recognized immediately or in the month of performance of services. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, other income primarily includes rental income from subleasing one of the Company's branches to a third party and loan servicing fees. Other income is recognized at the time the transaction occurs.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following table summarizes non-interest income for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Fees and service charges for customer services:
Service charges $ 763 $ 565 $ 2,173 $ 1,674
ATM and card interchange fees 515 351 1,397 930
Investment fees 92 93 324 191
Total fees and service charges for customer services 1,370 1,009 3,894 2,795
Income on bank-owned life insurance (1)
862 894 2,567 2,635
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net (1)
370 45 976 105
(Losses)/gains on trading securities, net (1)
( 75 ) 763 1,096 397
Gains on sales of loans (1)
— — 1,401 665
Swap income (1)
— 307 — 691
Other 101 4 246 81
Total non-interest income $ 2,628 $ 3,022 $ 10,180 $ 7,369
(1) Not in scope of Topic 606

Note 14 – Derivatives

The Company has interest rate derivatives resulting from a service provided to certain qualified borrowers in a loan-related transaction and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. The interest rate swap agreement which the Company executes with the commercial borrower is collateralized by the borrower’s commercial real estate financed by the Company. The collateral exceeds the maximum potential amount of future payments under the credit derivative. As these interest rate swaps do not meet the hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings.

At September 30, 2021, the Company had seven interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $ 38.4 million. At December 31, 2020, the Company had seven interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $ 39.2 million. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded net fee income of $ 0 . For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded net fee income of $ 307,000 and $ 691,000 , respectively.

The table below presents the fair value of the derivatives as well as their location on the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):
Fair Value
Balance Sheet Location September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Other assets $ 865 $ 1,498
Other liabilities 867 1,502

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 15 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

ASU No. 2016-13. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). This guidance was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”; ASU No. 2019-05, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief”; and ASU No. 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses”. ASU No. 2016-13 and its subsequent updates are collectively known as “CECL”. CECL replaces the current incurred loss impairment model that recognizes losses when a probable threshold is met with a requirement to recognize lifetime expected credit losses immediately when a financial asset is originated or purchased. For available-for-sale debt securities where fair value is less than cost, credit-related impairment would be recognized in an allowance for credit losses and adjusted in each subsequent period for changes in credit risk. CECL also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for credit losses.

ASU 2016-13 and its related amendments were initially effective for financial statements for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company elected to defer the adoption of the CECL methodology permitted by the CARES Act, signed into law on March 27, 2020, which provided financial institutions with the option to defer adoption of ASU 2016-13 until the earlier of the end of the pandemic or December 31, 2020. This relief was further extended by the Consolidations Appropriations Act enacted on December 27, 2020, to the earlier of the first day of an entity's fiscal year after the date the national emergency terminates or January 1, 2022. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and its related amendments on January 1, 2021, using a modified retrospective approach. Our implementation process included: assessment and documentation of governance and reporting processes and related internal controls; model development, documentation and validation; and the incorporation of qualitative adjustments for model limitations, among other things. ASU 2016-13 lists several credit loss methods that are acceptable such as a discounted cash flow method, loss-rate method and probability of default/loss given default (“PD/LGD”) method. The Company utilizes the PD/LGD methodology to estimate its allowance for credit losses.

At adoption, the Company recorded an $ 11.1 million increase to its allowance for credit losses, including reserves of $ 10.4 million related to loans and $ 737,000 related to unfunded credit commitments. Of the $ 10.4 million increase in loan reserves, $ 6.8 million represents PCD loan-related reserves which were recognized through a gross-up that increases the amortized cost basis of loans with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore results in no impact to shareholders' equity. The non-PCD loan related increase to the allowance for credit losses of $ 4.3 million, including the reserves for unfunded loan commitments, was offset in shareholders' equity and deferred tax assets. For further details on the adoption of CECL see Note 6 - Loans and Note 7 - Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans .

ASU No. 2019-12. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASU No. 2019-12 simplifies accounting for income taxes by removing specific technical exceptions in ASC 740 related to the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition for deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU No. 2019-12 also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021, which did not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations.


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ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report contains certain “forward-looking statements,” which can be identified by the use of such words as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “annualized,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

• statements of our goals, intentions, and expectations;
• statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
• statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
• estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.
These forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:
• the disruption to local, regional, national and global economic activity caused by infectious disease outbreaks, including the outbreak of the novel coronavirus and variants thereof, including the delta variant (“COVID-19”), and the significant impact that such outbreaks may have on our growth, operations, earnings and asset quality;
• general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, including employment prospects, real estate values and conditions, that are worse than expected;
• competition among depository and other financial institutions;
• inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields or reduce the fair value of financial instruments;
• adverse changes in the securities or credit markets;
• changes in laws, tax policies, or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;
• our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
• our ability to access cost-effective funding;
• our ability to successfully integrate acquired entities;
• changes in consumer demand, spending, borrowing and savings habits;
• changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
• cyber attacks, computer viruses and other technological risks that may breach the security of our websites or other systems to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information and destroy data or disable our systems;
• technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;
• changes in our organization, compensation, and benefit plans;
• our ability to retain key employees;
• changes in the level of government support for housing finance;
• changes in monetary or fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board (the “FRB”);
• the ability of the U.S. Government to manage federal debt limits;
• the ability of third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;
• significant increases in our loan losses; and
• changes in the financial condition, results of operations, or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of current economic circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which remain uncertain, including new information which may emerge concerning COVID-19, the new COVID-19 delta variant, and the actions to contain or treat its impact. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related adverse local and national economic consequences, we could be subject to any of the following risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations:
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• demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to execute on our strategic initiatives related to growing assets and earnings;
• if the economy is unable to fully reopen, and increased levels of unemployment continue for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charge-offs and reduced income;
• a worsening of business and economic conditions or a downturn in the financial markets could result in an impairment of certain intangible assets, such as goodwill or our servicing assets;
• litigation, regulatory enforcement risk and reputation risk regarding our participation in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) and the risk that the Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) may not fund some or all PPP loan guaranties;
• disruptions in the businesses or the unavailability of the services of third parties we use in our operations such as property appraisers, loan servicers, providers of electronic payment and settlement systems, and local and federal government agencies and courthouses, could negatively affect our operations;
• collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase;
• our allowance for credit losses may increase if borrowers experience financial difficulties beyond forbearance periods or if the economic assumptions upon which we rely worsen, which will adversely affect our net income;
• the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us;
• a material decrease in net income or a net loss over several quarters could result in a decrease or elimination of our quarterly cash dividend;
• potential goodwill impairment charges if acquired assets and operations are adversely affected and remain at reduced levels;
• our cyber security risks are increased to the extent we have an increase in the number of employees working remotely;
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) premiums may increase if the agency experience additional resolution costs;
• Internal controls as designed may not prove effective, to the extent procedures are modified as a result of remote work locations; and
• the unanticipated loss or unavailability of key employees due to the pandemic, which could harm our ability to operate our business or execute our business strategy, especially as we may not be successful in finding and integrating suitable successors.
• Government action in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on our business and operations, including vaccination mandates and their effects on our workforce, human capital resources and infrastructure.

Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Except as required by law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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Critical Accounting Policies
Note 1 to the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented by this report, contains a summary of significant accounting policies. Various elements of these accounting policies, by their nature, are inherently subject to estimation techniques, valuation assumptions and other subjective assessments. Certain assets are carried in the consolidated balance sheets at estimated fair value or the lower of cost or estimated fair value. Policies with respect to the methodologies used to determine the allowance for credit losses on loans, estimated cash flows of our purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”, or, previously, purchased credit-impaired “PCI”) loans, and judgments regarding the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets are the most critical accounting policies because they are important to the presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, involve a higher degree of complexity, and require management to make subjective judgments which often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. The use of different judgments, assumptions, and estimates could result in material differences in the results of operations or financial condition. These critical accounting policies and their application are reviewed periodically and, at least annually, with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
At September 30, 2021, we identified our policy on the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting policy because management has to make subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. On January 1, 2021, we adopted new accounting guidance which requires entities to estimate and recognize an allowance for lifetime expected credit losses for loans, unfunded credit commitments and held-to-maturity debt securities measured at amortized cost. Previously, an allowance for credit losses on loans was recognized based on probable incurred losses. See Notes 6 , 7 and 15 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our accounting policies and methodologies for establishing the allowance for credit losses.
The accounting estimates relating to the allowance for credit losses remain "critical accounting estimates" for the following reasons:

• Changes in the provision for credit losses can materially affect our financial results;
• Estimates relating to the allowance for credit losses require us to utilize a reasonable and supportable forecast period based upon forward-looking economic scenarios in order to estimate probability of default and loss given default rates which our CECL methodology encompasses;
• The allowance for credit losses is influenced by factors outside of our control such as industry and business trends, as well as economic conditions such as trends in housing prices, interest rates, gross domestic product, inflation, and unemployment; and
• Judgment is required to determine whether the models used to generate the allowance for credit losses produce an estimate that is sufficient to encompass the current view of lifetime expected credit losses.

Our estimation process is subject to risks and uncertainties, including a reliance on historical loss and trend information that may not be representative of current conditions and indicative of future performance. Changes in such estimates could significantly impact our allowance and provision for credit losses. Accordingly, our actual credit loss experience may not be in line with our expectations.

For a further discussion of the critical accounting policies of the Company, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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Overview
This overview highlights selected information and may not contain all the information that is important to you in understanding our performance during the periods presented. For a more complete understanding of trends, events, commitments, uncertainties, liquidity, capital resources, and critical accounting estimates, you should read this entire document carefully, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Net income was $54.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $23.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Basic and diluted earnings per common share were $1.12 and $1.11 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to basic and diluted earnings per common share of $0.50 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our return on average assets was 1.33%, as compared to 0.62% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our return on average stockholders’ equity was 9.68% as compared to 4.45% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The most significant impact on our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the prior year period, was a $16.5 million decrease in our provision for credit losses on loans to a benefit of $6.2 million, compared to a provision of $10.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The provision for loan losses in the prior year was primarily due to increases in the qualitative factors used in determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses related to unemployment, loan risk rating changes and increased risks related to loans on forbearance resulting from economic uncertainty attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic under the incurred loss methodology. The benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 reflected continued improvement in the economic forecast as well as an improvement in asset quality. Additionally, earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, benefited from net interest income generated from accelerated accretion of fees related to the forgiveness of PPP loans of $4.3 million, a gain on sale of loans of $1.4 million, and $1.9 million of accretable income related to the payoffs of PCD loans. Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, included merger-related expenses associated with the acquisition of VSB Bancorp, Inc. (“Victory”) of $4.3 million and a gain on sale of loans of $665,000.

Total assets decreased by $116.5 million, or 2.1%, to $5.40 billion at September 30, 2021, from $5.51 billion at December 31, 2020, primarily due to a decrease in available-for-sale debt securities of $180.0 million, or 14.2%, and a decrease in total loans of $26.2 million, or 0.7%, partially offset by an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $86.2 million, or 98.4%.
The Company adopted the CECL accounting standard effective January 1, 2021, and recorded an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $11.1 million, comprised of $10.4 million and $737,000 for loans and unfunded commitments, respectively, including $6.8 million related to PCD loans. For PCD loans, the allowance for credit losses recorded is recognized through a gross-up that increases the amortized cost basis of loans with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses, and, therefore results in no impact to stockholders' equity. The remaining increase to the allowance for credit losses of $4.3 million was offset in stockholders' equity and deferred tax assets.
Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020
Total assets decreased by $116.5 million, or 2.1%, to $5.40 billion at September 30, 2021, from $5.51 billion at December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in available-for-sale debt securities of $180.0 million, or 14.2%, and a decrease in total loans of $26.2 million, or 0.7%, partially offset by an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $86.2 million, or 98.4%.
Cash and cash equivalents increased by $86.2 million, or 98.4%, to $173.7 million at September 30, 2021, from $87.5 million at December 31, 2020, primarily due to the liquidity obtained from loan and security sales and paydowns as well as growth in deposits. Balances fluctuate based on the timing of receipt of security and loan repayments and the redeployment of cash into higher-yielding assets such as loans and securities, or the funding of deposit outflows or borrowing maturities.

The Company’s available-for-sale debt securities portfolio decreased by $180.0 million, or 14.2%, to $1.08 billion at September 30, 2021, from $1.26 billion at December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to paydowns, maturities, calls, and sales. At September 30, 2021, $923.3 million of the portfolio consisted of residential mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae. In addition, the Company held $2.3 million in U.S. Government agency securities, $159.1 million in corporate bonds, all of which were considered investment grade at September 30, 2021, and $78,000 in municipal bonds. The effective duration of the securities portfolio at September 30, 2021 was 0.82 years.

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Equity securities increased by $5.0 million to $5.2 million at September 30, 2021, from $253,000 at December 31, 2020, due to the purchase of an investment in an SBA Loan Fund. This investment is utilized by Northfield Bank (the “ Bank”) as part of its Community Reinvestment Act program.

As of September 30, 2021, our non-owner occupied commercial real estate concentration (as defined by regulatory guidance) to total risk-based capital was approximately 458.0%. Management believes that Bank has implemented appropriate risk management practices including risk assessments, board-approved underwriting policies and related procedures, which include monitoring Bank portfolio performance, performing market analysis (economic and real estate), and stressing of the Bank’s commercial real estate portfolio under severe, adverse economic conditions. Although management believes the Bank has implemented appropriate policies and procedures to manage its commercial real estate concentration risk, the Bank’s regulators could require it to implement additional policies and procedures or could require it to maintain higher levels of regulatory capital, which might adversely affect its loan originations, ability to pay dividends, and profitability.

Loans held-for-investment, net, decreased by $6.3 million and was $3.82 billion at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to the $126.3 million sale of a portfolio of multifamily loans, loan prepayments, and PPP loan forgiveness, partially offset by loan growth. Construction and land loans decreased by $48.1 million, or 64.7%, to $26.2 million at September 30, 2021 from $74.3 million at December 31, 2020, one-to-four family residential loans decreased by $23.8 million, or 11.3%, to $187.1 million at September 30, 2021, from $210.8 million at December 31, 2020, and PPP loans decreased by $53.6 million, or 42.4%, to $72.9 million at September 30, 2021, from $126.5 million at December 31, 2020. Through September 30, 2021, 1,427 borrowers have received forgiveness payments totaling approximately $134.3 million. The decreases were primarily offset by increases in commercial real estate loans of $66.4 million, or 9.3%, to $783.4 million at September 30, 2021 from $717.0 million at December 31, 2020, and multifamily real estate loans of $37.0 million, or 1.5%, to $2.55 billion at September 30, 2021, from $2.51 billion at December 31, 2020, and, to a lesser extent, increases in commercial and industrial loans (excluding PPP loans) of $13.0 million and home equity loans of $10.9 million.

The following tables detail our multifamily real estate originations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Multifamily Originations Weighted Average Interest Rate Weighted Average LTV Ratio Weighted Average Months to Next Rate Change or Maturity for Fixed Rate Loans (F)ixed or (V)ariable Amortization Term
$ 544,502 3.13% 63% 74 V 10 to 30 Years
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Multifamily Originations Weighted Average Interest Rate Weighted Average LTV Ratio Weighted Average Months to Next Rate Change or Maturity for Fixed Rate Loans (F)ixed or (V)ariable Amortization Term
$ 309,209 3.61% 60% 88 V 25 to 30 Years
1,500 4.40% 47% 180 F 15 Years
$ 310,709 3.62% 60%

There were no loans held-for-sale at September 30, 2021 compared to $19.9 million at December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2020, loans held-for-sale were comprised of commercial real estate and multifamily loans, primarily accommodation loans that were modified in the form of interest and/or principal payment deferrals due to COVID-19 related hardships, and had not returned to contractual payments after 180 days of relief. The sale of these loans was completed in March 2021.
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PCD loans totaled $16.1 million at September 30, 2021, and $18.5 million at December 31, 2020. Upon adoption of the CECL accounting standard on January 1, 2021, the allowance for credit losses related to PCD loans was recorded through a gross-up that increased the amortized cost-basis of PCD loans by $6.8 million with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses. The decrease in the PCD loan balance at September 30, 2021, was due to the sale of PCD loans as well as payoffs. The majority of the remaining PCD loan balance consists of loans acquired as part of a FDIC-assisted transaction. The Company accreted interest income of $356,000 and $3.4 million attributable to PCD loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, as compared to $648,000 and $2.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The increase in income accreted for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was related to the payoff of PCD loans. PCD loans had an allowance for credit losses of approximately $4.8 million at September 30, 2021.

Bank-owned life insurance increased $2.6 million, or 1.6%, to $164.5 million at September 30, 2021, as compared to $161.9 million at December 31, 2020. The increase resulted from income earned on bank-owned life insurance for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Other assets increased $9.0 million, or 35.5%, to $34.4 million at September 30, 2021, from $25.4 million at December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in net deferred tax assets.

Total liabilities decreased $101.7 million, or 2.1%, to $4.66 billion at September 30, 2021, from $4.76 billion at December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in Federal Home Loan Bank and other borrowings of $145.0 million and a decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $25.0 million, partially offset by an increase in deposits of $64.8 million, an increase in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance of $3.8 million, and an increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $1.3 million.
Deposits increased $64.8 million, or 1.6%, to $4.14 billion at September 30, 2021, as compared to $4.08 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was attributable to increases of $324.8 million in non-interest-bearing checking and interest-bearing checking accounts and $26.9 million in savings accounts, partially offset by a decrease of $173.3 million in money market accounts and $113.7 million in certificates of deposit. We continue to see balance runoff from high cost money market and certificates of deposit categories as we have strategically chosen not to compete on rate at this time.

Borrowings and securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased to $421.8 million at September 30, 2021, from $591.8 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease in borrowings for the period was largely due to the maturity and replacement of FHLB borrowings with lower cost deposits. Management utilizes borrowings to mitigate interest rate risk, for short-term liquidity, and to a lesser extent as part of leverage strategies.

The following is a table of term borrowing maturities (excluding overnight borrowings and floating rate advances) and the weighted average rate by year at September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

Year Amount Weighted Average Rate
2022 $120,000 2.29%
2023 87,500 2.89%
2024 50,000 2.47%
2025 112,500 1.48%
Thereafter 45,000 1.45%
$415,000 2.13%
Total stockholders’ equity decreased by $14.8 million to $739.2 million at September 30, 2021, from $754.0 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease was attributable to $46.8 million in stock repurchases, $18.2 million in dividend payments, and a $5.5 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income associated with a reduction in unrealized gains on our debt securities available-for-sale portfolio, partially offset by net income of $54.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and a $4.1 million increase in equity award activity. The Company repurchased 2,966,701 shares of its common stock outstanding at an average price of $15.79 for a total of $46.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, pursuant to the approved stock repurchase plans. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had approximately $14.7 million in remaining capacity under its current repurchase program. In connection with the adoption of CECL, effective January 1, 2021, the Company recognized a cumulative effect adjustment that reduced stockholders’ equity by $3.1 million, net of tax, to establish initial allowances against credit losses on loans and off-balance sheet credit exposures.

52
Comparison of Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
Net Income . Net income was $54.6 million and $23.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. Significant variances from the comparable prior year period are as follows: a $24.5 million increase in net interest income, a $16.5 million decrease in the provision for credit losses on loans, a $2.8 million increase in non-interest income, a $1.1 million increase in non-interest expense, and a $12.0 million increase in income tax expense.

Interest Income . Interest income increased $5.3 million, or 4.3%, to $130.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, from $125.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due to an increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets of $306.1 million, or 6.3%. The increase was due primarily to increases in the average balance of loans outstanding of $285.3 million and the average balance of mortgage-backed securities of $28.4 million, partially offset by decreases in the average balance of other securities of $2.5 million, the average balance of Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”) stock of $3.7 million, and the average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $1.4 million. Partially offsetting the increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets was a six basis point decrease in the yields earned on interest-earning assets to 3.36% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, from 3.42% for the comparative prior year period. The decrease in earning asset yields was due to decreases in market interest rates coupled with PPP loan originations, which have lower yields than other loans. The Company accreted interest income related to its PCD/PCI loans of $3.4 million and $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. The increase in accretable interest income was primarily related to payoffs of PCD loans in the first quarter of 2021. Interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, included loan prepayment income of $3.1 million as compared to $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Also contributing to the increase in net interest income was the recognition of fees related to PPP loans paid-off. Fees recognized from PPP loans totaled $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest Expense . Interest expense decreased $19.2 million, or 59.3%, to $13.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $32.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was due to a decrease in interest expense on deposits of $17.4 million, or 77.8%, as well as a decrease in interest expense on borrowings of $1.7 million, or 17.4%. The decrease in interest expense on deposits was attributable to a 72 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 0.20% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, partially offset by an $89.5 million, or 2.8% increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts. The decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits was primarily due to the lower interest rate environment and a change in the composition of the deposit portfolio as the average balance of transaction accounts increased and the average balance of certificates of deposit decreased. The decrease in interest expense on borrowings was primarily attributable to a $128.7 million, or 19.6%, decrease in average borrowings outstanding, which was partially offset by a six basis point increase in the average cost of borrowings.
Net Interest Income . Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, increased $24.5 million, or 26.4%, to $117.3 million, from $92.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to a $306.1 million, or 6.3%, increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets and a 48 basis point increase in net interest margin to 3.02% from 2.54% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets was due to increases in the average balance of loans outstanding of $285.3 million and the average balance of mortgage-backed securities of $28.4 million, partially offset by decreases in the average balance of other securities of $2.5 million, the average balance of FHLBNY stock of $3.7 million, and the average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $1.4 million. The increase in net interest margin was primarily due to the decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities outpacing the decrease in yields on interest-earning assets. Yields on interest earning assets decreased six basis points to 3.36% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, from 3.42% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The cost of interest bearing liabilities decreased by 65 basis points to 0.46% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, from 1.11% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily driven by a lower cost of deposits.
Provision for Credit Losses . The provision for credit losses on loans decreased by $16.5 million to a benefit of $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to a provision of $10.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, driven by continued improvement in the economic forecast and asset quality. The improvement in asset quality was primarily attributable to an improvement in risk ratings as loans previously modified for COVID-19 relief returned to payment status. The provision for loan losses in 2020 was primarily due to increases in qualitative factors used in determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses related to unemployment, loan risk rating changes and increased risks related to loans on forbearance, resulting from economic uncertainty attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, under the incurred loss methodology. Net charge-offs were $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily related to PCD loans, as compared to $260,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
53

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted the CECL accounting standard. CECL requires the measurement of all expected credit losses over the life of financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In connection with the adoption of CECL, the Company recognized a cumulative effect adjustment that reduced stockholders’ equity by $3.1 million, net of tax. At adoption, the Company increased its allowance for credit losses by $11.1 million, comprised of $10.4 million and $737,000, respectively, for loans and unfunded commitments, including $6.8 million related to PCD loans. For PCD loans, the allowance for credit losses recorded is recognized through a gross-up that increases the amortized cost basis of loans with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore results in no impact to shareholders' equity.
Non-interest Income . Non-interest income increased $2.8 million to $10.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, from $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due primarily to: an increase of $1.1 million in fees and service charges for customer services, as the prior year period reflected fees waived and fewer transactions related to lower consumer spending in the early part of the pandemic; an increase of $871,000 in gains on sales of available-for-sale debt securities, net; an increase of $699,000 in gains on trading securities, net; and a $736,000 increase in gains on sales of loans. The increase in gains on sales of loans resulted from the sales of approximately $126.3 million of multifamily loans for gains of $1.4 million in the second quarter of 2021, compared to sales of $47.5 million of multifamily loans for gains of $665,000 in the second quarter of 2020. The Company periodically considers the sale of loans to manage its overall risk profile, including consideration of interest rate risk, concentration risk and capital deployment opportunities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, gains on trading securities were $1.1 million as compared to gains of $397,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The trading portfolio is utilized to fund the Company’s deferred compensation obligation to certain employees and directors of the Company's deferred compensation plan (the “Plan”). The participants of this Plan, at their election, defer a portion of their compensation. Gains and losses on trading securities have no effect on net income since participants benefit from, and bear the full risk of, changes in the trading securities market values. Therefore, the Company records an equal and offsetting amount in compensation expense, reflecting the change in the Company’s obligations under the Plan. Partially offsetting these increases was a $526,000 decrease in other income primarily due to lower swap fee income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the comparable prior year period due to a lower volume of such transactions in 2021.
Non-interest Expense . Non-interest expense increased $1.1 million, or 2.0%, to $58.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $57.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This was due primarily to a $633,000 increase in employee compensation and benefits, $699,000 of which is attributable to the increase in the Company's deferred compensation plan expense, which as discussed above has no effect on net income, as well as increases in salary and medical benefit expenses associated with the addition of employees from the acquisition of Victory on July 1, 2020, partially offset by change-in-control and severance compensation paid to former Victory employees in the prior year period. Additionally, occupancy expense increased by $1.0 million, primarily related to additional branches from the Victory acquisition, renovation of existing branches, and higher snow removal costs in the first quarter of 2021. FDIC insurance premiums increased by $481,000 due to an increase in the insurance assessment rate. Other expense increased by $646,000, primarily due to an increase in the reserve for unfunded commitments. Partially offsetting the increases was an $806,000 decrease in professional fees, primarily due to reduced merger-related costs and a $1.2 million decrease in data processing costs as the prior year period included a contract termination penalty of $1.3 million on the completion of Victory's core system conversion.

Income Tax Expense . The Company recorded income tax expense of $20.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $8.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was 27.5% compared to 26.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The higher effective tax rate was primarily due to higher taxable income. Additionally, on April 19, 2021, the Governor of New York signed into law an increase in the tax rate from 6.5% to 7.25%.




54
The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated.
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2021
September 30, 2020
Average Outstanding Balance Interest
Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Average Outstanding Balance Interest
Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (2)
$ 3,879,680 $ 119,515 4.12 % $ 3,594,409 $ 107,705 4.00 %
Mortgage-backed securities (3)
1,002,008 8,379 1.12 973,564 13,348 1.83
Other securities (3)
134,322 1,402 1.40 136,840 2,342 2.29
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock 26,460 1,024 5.17 30,167 1,443 6.39
Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions 151,834 129 0.11 153,251 262 0.23
Total interest-earning assets 5,194,304 130,449 3.36 4,888,231 125,100 3.42
Non-interest-earning assets 302,123 285,787
Total assets $ 5,496,427 $ 5,174,018
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings, NOW, and money market accounts $ 2,784,447 $ 2,448 0.12 % $ 2,229,601 $ 8,990 0.54 %
Certificates of deposit 542,988 2,513 0.62 1,008,373 13,405 1.78
Total interest-bearing deposits 3,327,435 4,961 0.20 3,237,974 22,395 0.92
Borrowed funds 528,408 8,208 2.08 657,098 9,934 2.02
Total interest-bearing liabilities $ 3,855,843 13,169 0.46 $ 3,895,072 32,329 1.11
Non-interest bearing deposits 790,266 467,243
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 96,602 92,820
Total liabilities 4,742,711 4,455,135
Stockholders' equity 753,716 718,883
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 5,496,427 $ 5,174,018
Net interest income $ 117,280 $ 92,771
Net interest rate spread (4)
2.90 % 2.31 %
Net interest-earning assets (5)
$ 1,338,461 $ 993,159
Net interest margin (6)
3.02 % 2.54 %
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities 134.71 % 125.50 %

(1) Average yields and rates are annualized.
(2) Includes non-accruing loans.
(3) Securities available-for-sale and other securities are reported at amortized cost.
(4) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.
(6) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

55
Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
Net Income. Net income was $16.1 million and $8.6 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. Significant variances from the comparable prior year quarter are as follows: a $5.8 million increase in net interest income, a $313,000 decrease in the provision for credit losses on loans, a $394,000 decrease in non-interest income, a $4.8 million decrease in non-interest expense, and a $3.0 million increase in income tax expense.

Interest Income . Interest income increased $689,000, or 1.7%, to $42.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, from $41.5 million for the quarter September 30, 2020, primarily due to a 10 basis point increase in the yields earned on interest-earning assets to 3.28% for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, from 3.18% for the comparable prior year quarter. Partially offsetting the increase in yields on interest-earning assets was a decrease in the average balance of interest-earning assets of $85.3 million, or 1.6%. The decrease in the average balance of interest-earning assets was primarily due to decreases in the average balance of mortgage-backed securities of $127.3 million, the average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $79.9 million, and the average balance of FHLBNY stock of $6.7 million, partially offset by increases in the average balance of loans outstanding of $95.0 million and the average balance of other securities of $33.6 million. The Company accreted interest income related to its PCI loans of $356,000 and $648,000 for the quarters ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. Interest income on loans for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, included loan prepayment income of $902,000, as compared to $91,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. Fees recognized from PPP loans totaled $1.5 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $0 for the quarter ended September 30, 2020.
Interest Expense . Interest expense decreased $5.1 million, or 57.9%, to $3.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, from $8.8 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was due to a decrease in interest expense on deposits of $4.2 million, or 74.8%, and a decrease in interest expense on borrowings of $897,000, or 28.0%. The decrease in interest expense on deposits was attributable to a 48 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 0.17% for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, and a $166.0 million, or 4.8%, decrease in the average balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts. The decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits was primarily due to the lower interest rate environment and a change in the composition of the deposit portfolio as the average balance of transaction accounts increased and the average balance of certificates of deposit decreased. The decrease in interest expense on borrowings was primarily attributable to a $178.9 million, or 29.0%, decrease in the balance of average borrowings outstanding, partially offset by a two basis point increase in the cost of borrowed funds for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the comparable prior year quarter.
Net Interest Income . Net interest income for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, increased $5.8 million, or 17.8%, to $38.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 from $32.6 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to a 49 basis point increase in net interest margin to 2.99% from 2.50% for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, offset by a decrease in average interest-earning assets of $85.3 million, or 1.6%. The decrease in the average balance of interest-earning assets was primarily due to decreases in the average balance of mortgage-backed securities of $127.3 million, the average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $79.9 million, and the average balance of FHLBNY stock of $6.7 million, partially offset by increases in the average balance of loans outstanding of $95.0 million and the average balance of other securities of $33.6 million. The increase in net interest margin was primarily due to the decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by an increase in the yields on interest-earning assets. Yields on interest earning assets increased by 10 basis points to 3.28% for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, from 3.18% for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 47 basis points to 0.40% for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, from 0.87% for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, driven primarily by lower cost of deposits due to the low interest rate environment and a change in the composition of the deposit portfolio as the average balance of transaction accounts increased and the average balance of certificates of deposit decreased.

Provision for Credit Losses . The provision for credit losses on loans decreased by $313,000 to a benefit of $148,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, from a provision of $165,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, driven by continued improvement in the economic forecast and asset quality. The improvement in asset quality was primarily attributable to an improvement in risk ratings as loans previously modified for COVID-19 relief returned to payment status. The provision for loan losses in the prior year quarter was primarily due to increases in the qualitative factors used in determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses related to unemployment and loan risk rating changes and increased risks related to loans on forbearance, resulting from economic uncertainty attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, under the incurred loss methodology. Net charge-offs were $483,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, primarily related to unsecured non-accrual commercial and industrial loans that were previously fully provided for, compared to net recoveries of $31,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2020.

56

Non-interest Income . Non-interest income decreased by $394,000, or 13.0%, to $2.6 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, from $3.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to an $838,000 decrease in gains on trading securities, net, and a $210,000 decrease in other income, primarily due to lower swap fee income. For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, gains (losses) on trading securities, net, included losses of $75,000 related to the Company’s trading portfolio, compared to gains of $763,000 in the comparative prior year quarter. Gains and losses on trading securities have no effect on net income since participants benefit from, and bear the full risk of, changes in the trading securities market values. The decreases were partially offset by increases of $361,000 in fees and service charges for customers, as the prior year quarter reflected certain fees waived and lower consumer spending during the early part of the pandemic, and an increase of $325,000 in gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net
Non-interest Expense . Non-interest expense decreased by $4.8 million, or 20.0%, to $19.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, from $23.8 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was due primarily to: a $3.0 million decrease in compensation and employee benefits, attributable to change-in-control and severance compensation paid to former Victory employees in the prior year period and a decrease in expense related to the Company's deferred compensation plan, which has no effect on net income; a $1.5 million decrease in data processing fees, $1.3 million of which relates to a contract termination penalty paid in the prior year quarter on the completion of Victory's core system conversion; a $390,000 decrease in professional fees, primarily due to decreased merger-related costs; and a $115,000 decrease in occupancy expense. The decreases were partially offset by a $152,000 increase in advertising expense, and a $110,000 increase in other expense, primarily attributable to an increase in the reserve for unfunded commitments.
Income Tax Expense . The Company recorded income tax expense of $6.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, compared to $3.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, was 27.4% compared to 26.5% for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. The higher effective tax rate was primarily due to higher taxable income. Additionally, on April 19, 2021, the Governor of New York signed into law an increase in the tax rate from 6.5% to 7.25%.
57

The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated.
For the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2021
September 30, 2020
Average Outstanding Balance Interest
Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Average Outstanding Balance Interest
Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (2)
$ 3,817,638 $ 38,539 4.01 % $ 3,722,678 $ 37,025 3.96 %
Mortgage-backed securities (3)
924,326 2,738 1.18 1,051,606 3,422 1.29
Other securities (3)
159,334 494 1.23 125,749 541 1.71
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock 23,097 318 5.46 29,762 410 5.48
Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions 171,381 57 0.13 251,331 59 0.09
Total interest-earning assets 5,095,776 42,146 3.28 5,181,126 41,457 3.18
Non-interest-earning assets 300,036 267,131
Total assets $ 5,395,812 $ 5,448,257
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings, NOW, and money market accounts $ 2,829,513 $ 671 0.09 % $ 2,550,988 $ 2,023 0.32 %
Certificates of deposit 444,629 749 0.67 889,110 3,620 1.62
Total interest-bearing deposits 3,274,142 1,420 0.17 3,440,098 5,643 0.65
Borrowed funds 438,238 2,309 2.09 617,150 3,206 2.07
Total interest-bearing liabilities $ 3,712,380 3,729 0.40 $ 4,057,248 $ 8,849 0.87
Non-interest bearing deposits 835,065 553,654
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 96,293 93,368
Total liabilities 4,643,738 4,704,270
Stockholders' equity 752,074 743,987
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 5,395,812 $ 5,448,257
Net interest income $ 38,417 $ 32,608
Net interest rate spread (4)
2.88 % 2.32 %
Net interest-earning assets (5)
$ 1,383,396 $ 1,123,878
Net interest margin (6)
2.99 % 2.50 %
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities 137.26 % 127.70 %

(1) Average yields and rates are annualized.
(2) Includes non-accruing loans.
(3) Securities available-for-sale and other securities are reported at amortized cost.
(4) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.
(6) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

58
Asset Quality

PCD Loans (Held-for-Investment)
Under the new CECL standard, the Company will continue to account for PCD loans at estimated fair value using discounted expected future cash flows deemed to be collectible on the date acquired. Based on its detailed review of PCD loans and experience in loan workouts, management believes it has a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of future cash flows and accordingly has classified PCD loans ($16.1 million at September 30, 2021 and $18.5 million at December 31, 2020) as accruing, even though they may be contractually past due. At September 30, 2021, 1.0% of PCD loans were past due 30 to 89 days, and 20.4% were past due 90 days or more, as compared to 9.6% and 35.2%, respectively, at December 31, 2020.
Loans
The following table details total non-accruing loans, non-performing loans, non-performing assets and troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") (including held-for-sale, but excluding PCD) on which interest is accruing, and accruing loans 30 to 89 days delinquent at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020 ( in thousands):

September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Non-accrual loans:
Held-for-investment
Real estate loans:
Commercial $ 4,867 $ 6,229
One-to-four family residential 314 906
Construction and land — —
Multifamily 1,903 1,153
Home equity and lines of credit 126 191
Commercial and industrial 35 37
Total non-accrual loans held-for-investment 7,245 8,516
Loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing:
Held-for-investment
Real estate loans:
Commercial 206 500
One-to-four family residential 60 174
Home equity and lines of credit 6 —
Commercial and industrial — 436
Other — 3
Total loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing held-for-investment 272 1,113
Non-performing loans held-for-sale
Real estate loans:
Commercial — 18,250
Multifamily — 1,612
Commercial and industrial — 33
Total non-performing loans held-for-sale — 19,895
Total non-performing loans 7,517 29,524
Other real estate owned 100 —
Total non-performing assets $ 7,617 $ 29,524
Non-performing loans to total loans 0.20 % 0.77 %
Non-performing assets to total assets 0.14 % 0.54 %
Loans subject to restructuring agreements and still accruing $ 7,531 $ 7,697
Accruing loans 30 to 89 days delinquent $ 8,294 $ 13,982
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Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned is comprised of one property acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as a result of foreclosure. The property is located in New Jersey and had a carrying value of approximately $100,000 and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2021.

Non-performing Loans Held-for-Sale

Non-performing loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2020, totaled $19.9 million and were comprised of high risk commercial real estate and multifamily loans, primarily accommodation loans that were modified in the form of interest and/or principal payment deferrals due to COVID-19 related hardships, and had not returned to contractual payments after 180 days of relief. The sale of these loans was completed in the first quarter of 2021.

Accruing Loans 30 to 89 Days Delinquent
Loans 30 to 89 days delinquent and on accrual status totaled $8.3 million and $14.0 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The following table sets forth delinquencies for accruing loans by type and by amount at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Held-for-investment
Real estate loans:
Commercial $ 1,731 $ 8,792
One-to-four family residential 1,094 1,152
Multifamily 3,310 1,893
Construction and land — 994
Home equity and lines of credit 357 380
Commercial and industrial loans 318 760
PPP loans 1,478 —
Other loans 6 11
Total delinquent accruing loans $ 8,294 $ 13,982

The increase in delinquent multifamily loans is primarily due to one loan of $2.2 million which became delinquent during the current quarter. The loan is well secured by a residential apartment building in Brooklyn, New York, with an appraised value of $3.6 million. Delinquent PPP loans are fully government guaranteed and in the process of applying, or will apply, for forgiveness. One PPP loan with a balance of $1.1 million became current in October 2021.

Loans Subject to TDR Agreements
Included in non-accruing loans are loans subject to TDR agreements totaling $3.2 million and $3.7 million at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. There was one commercial and industrial loan modified as a TDR during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 totaling $75,000. At September 30, 2021, two of the non-accruing TDRs with an aggregate net loan balance of $446,500 were not performing in accordance with their restructured terms and are collateralized by real estate with an estimated fair value of $620,000. At December 31, 2020, two of the non-accruing TDRs totaling $462,500 were not performing in accordance with their restructured terms and were collateralized by real estate with an aggregate estimated fair value of $620,000.

The Company also holds loans subject to TDR agreements that are on accrual status totaling $7.5 million and $7.7 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. At September 30, 2021, $7.3 million, or 97.3%, of the $7.5 million of accruing loans subject to TDR agreements were performing in accordance with their restructured terms. At December 31, 2020, $6.5 million, or 84.1%, of the $7.7 million of accruing loans subject to TDR agreements were performing in accordance with their restructured terms. Generally, the types of concessions that we make to troubled borrowers include both temporary and permanent reductions to interest rates, extensions of payment terms, and, to a lesser extent, forgiveness of principal and interest.

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The following table details the amounts and categories of the loans subject to restructuring agreements by loan type as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Non-Accruing Accruing Non-Accruing Accruing
Real estate loans:
Commercial $ 3,239 $ 5,207 $ 3,292 $ 5,518
One-to-four family residential — 1,586 413 1,490
Multifamily — 609 — 626
Home equity and lines of credit — 41 — 47
Commercial and industrial loans — 88 — 16
$ 3,239 $ 7,531 $ 3,705 $ 7,697
Performing in accordance with restructured terms 86.2 % 97.3 % 87.5 % 84.1 %
Management continues to evaluate the Company's exposure to increased loan losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular the commercial real estate and multifamily loan portfolios. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company implemented a customer relief program to assist borrowers that may be experiencing financial hardship due to COVID-19 related challenges. The relief program grants principal and/or interest payment deferrals typically for a period of 90 days, which management may choose to extend for additional 90 day periods. At the peak of forbearance in June 2020, the Company had 286 loans approved for payment deferral representing $360.2 million, or approximately 10% of the Company's loan portfolio. As of September 30, 2021, substantially all of the borrowers who had requested relief have returned to contractual payments. Three borrowers with loans totaling $798,000 did not return to their contractual status; however, they are making partial payments.

L oans in deferment status (“COVID-19 Modified Loans”) have continued to accrue interest during the deferment period unless otherwise classified as non-performing. COVID-19 Modified Loans are required to make escrow payments for real estate taxes and insurance, if applicable. The COVID-19 Modified Loan agreements also require loans to be brought back to their fully contractual terms within 12 to 18 months and include covenants that prohibit distributions, bonuses, or payments of management fees to related entities until all deferred payments are made. Consistent with industry regulatory guidance, borrowers who were otherwise current on loan payments and were granted COVID-19 related financial hardship payment deferrals will continue to be reported as current loans throughout the agreed upon deferral period. Borrowers who were delinquent in their payments to the Bank prior to requesting a COVID-19 related financial hardship payment deferral are reviewed on a case by case basis for TDR classification and non-performing loan status.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity . The objective of our liquidity management is to ensure the availability of sufficient funds to meet financial commitments and to take advantage of lending and investment opportunities. The Bank manages liquidity in order to meet deposit withdrawals on demand or at contractual maturity, to repay borrowings as they mature, and to fund new loans and investments as opportunities arise.
The Bank's primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, borrowed funds, the proceeds from maturing securities and short-term investments, and to a lesser extent, proceeds from the sales of loans and securities and wholesale borrowings. The scheduled amortization of loans and securities, as well as proceeds from borrowed funds, are predictable sources of funds. Other funding sources, however, such as deposit inflows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by market interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. The Bank is a member of the FHLBNY, which provides an additional source of short-term and long-term funding. The Bank also has short-term borrowing capabilities with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The Bank’s borrowed funds, excluding lease obligations, floating rate advances and overnight line of credit, were $415.0 million at September 30, 2021, and had a weighted average interest rate of 2.13%. A total of $120.0 million of these borrowings will mature in less than one year. Borrowed funds, excluding floating rate advances and overnight line of credit, were $585.0 million at December 31, 2020. The Bank has the ability to obtain additional funding from the FHLB of approximately $1.99 billion utilizing unencumbered securities of $558.5 million, loans of $1.43 billion, and encumbered securities of $2.0 million at September 30, 2021. Additionally, the Bank has remaining borrowing capacity utilizing encumbered securities through the FRB Discount Window of $2.8 million. The Bank expects to have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments in the normal course of business.
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Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (standalone) is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity to pay dividends, repurchase its stock, and for other corporate purposes. Northfield Bancorp, Inc.'s primary source of liquidity is dividend payments from the Bank. At September 30, 2021, Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (standalone) had liquid assets of $27.2 million.

Capital Resources . Federal regulations require federally insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital to risk-based assets of 8.0%, and a 4.0% Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio. In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.
As a result of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, the federal banking agencies developed a “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (“CBLR”) (the ratio of a bank’s tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. A qualifying community bank that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes. The federal banking agencies approved 9% as the minimum capital for the CBLR. Effective March 31, 2020, a financial institution can elect to be subject to this new definition. Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp elected to opt into the CBLR framework, beginning with the Call Reports filed for the first quarter of 2020. The CBLR replaced the risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the generally applicable capital rules. On April 6, 2020, the federal banking regulators, implementing the applicable provisions of the CARES Act, modified the CBLR framework so that the minimum CBLR was 8% beginning in the second quarter and for the remainder of calendar year 2020, 8.5% for calendar year 2021, and 9% thereafter.

At September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, as set forth in the following table, both Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp, Inc. exceeded all of the regulatory capital requirements to which they were subject at such dates.
Northfield Bank Northfield Bancorp, Inc. For Capital Adequacy Purposes For Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
As of September 30, 2021:
CBLR 11.97% 12.89% 8.50% 8.50%
As of December 31, 2020:
CBLR 11.96% 12.73% 8.00% 8.00%
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
In the normal course of operations, the Company engages in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are not recorded in the financial statements. These transactions primarily relate to lending commitments. These arrangements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or financial condition.
The following table shows the contractual obligations of the Company by expected payment period as of September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

Contractual Obligations Total Less than One Year One to less than Three Years Three to less than Five Years More than Five Years
Borrowings $ 415,000 $ 120,000 $ 137,500 $ 112,500 $ 45,000
Operating lease liabilities 52,074 6,069 11,283 9,604 25,118
Commitments to originate loans 121,882 121,882 — — —
Commitments to fund unused lines of credit 227,383 227,383 — — —
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Commitments to fund unused lines of credit are agreements to lend additional funds to customers as long as there have been no violations of any of the conditions established in the agreements (original or restructured). Commitments to originate loans generally have a fixed expiration or other termination clauses, which may require payment of a fee. Since some of these loan commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. At September 30, 2021, the reserve for commitments to fund unused lines of credit recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities was $2.1 million.

For further information regarding our off-balance sheet arrangements and contractual obligations, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
ASU No. 2020-04. On March 12, 2020, FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform ("ASC 848") : Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” , which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company has implemented a transition plan to identify and modify its loans and other financial instruments that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Company is in the process of evaluating ASU No. 2020-04 and its impact on the Company’s transition away from LIBOR for its loan and other financial instruments, with no material expected impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations at this time.

See Note 15 of the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for information about recent accounting pronouncements adopted.
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ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Management of Market Risk
General .  A majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. Consequently, our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk. Our assets, consisting primarily of mortgage-related securities and loans, generally have longer maturities than our liabilities, which consist primarily of deposits and wholesale borrowings. As a result, a principal part of our business strategy involves managing interest rate risk and limiting the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, our Board of Directors has established a Management Asset-Liability Committee, comprised of our Senior Vice President (“SVP”) & Chief Investment Officer and Treasurer, who chairs this Committee, our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Executive Vice President (“EVP”) & Chief Risk Officer, our EVP & Chief Financial Officer, our EVP & Chief Lending Officer, our EVP of Business Development, Branch Administration and Deposit Operations, and our SVP & Director of Marketing, and other officers and staff as necessary or appropriate. This committee is responsible for, among other things, evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities, for recommending to the risk management committee of our Board of Directors the level of risk that is appropriate given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.
We seek to manage our interest rate risk in order to minimize the exposure of our earnings and capital to changes in interest rates. As part of our ongoing asset-liability management, we currently use the following strategies to manage our interest rate risk:

• originating multifamily loans and commercial real estate loans that generally have shorter maturities than one-to-four family residential real estate loans and have higher interest rates that generally reset from five to ten years;
• investing in investment grade corporate securities and mortgage-backed securities; and
• obtaining general financing through lower-cost core deposits, brokered deposits, and longer-term FHLB advances and repurchase agreements.
Shortening the average term of our interest-earning assets by increasing our investments in shorter-term assets, as well as originating loans with variable interest rates, helps to match the maturities and interest rates of our assets and liabilities better, thereby reducing the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates.
Net Portfolio Value Analysis . We compute amounts by which the net present value of our assets and liabilities (net portfolio value or (“NPV”), would change in the event market interest rates changed over an assumed range of rates. Our simulation model uses a discounted cash flow analysis to measure the interest rate sensitivity of our NPV. Depending on current market interest rates, we estimate the economic value of these assets and liabilities under the assumption that interest rates experience an instantaneous and sustained increase of 100, 200, 300, or 400 basis points, or a decrease of 100 and 200 basis points, which is based on the current interest rate environment. A basis point equals one-hundredth of one percent, and 100 basis points equals one percent. An increase in interest rates from 3% to 4% would mean, for example, a 100 basis point increase in the “Change in Interest Rates” column below.
Net Interest Income Analysis. In addition to NPV calculations, we analyze our sensitivity to changes in interest rates through our net interest income model. Net interest income is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. In our model, we estimate what our net interest income would be for a twelve-month period. Depending on current market interest rates we then calculate what the net interest income would be for the same period under the assumption that interest rates experience an instantaneous and sustained increase or decrease of 100, 200, 300, or 400 basis points, or a decrease of 100 and 200 basis points, which is based on the current interest rate environment.

The following tables set forth, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our calculation of the estimated changes in our NPV, NPV ratio, and percent change in net interest income that would result from the designated instantaneous and sustained changes in interest rates (dollars in thousands). Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit repricing characteristics, including decay rates, and correlations to movements in interest rates, and should not be relied on as indicative of actual results.
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NPV at September 30, 2021
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) Estimated Present Value of Assets Estimated Present Value of Liabilities Estimated NPV Estimated Change In NPV Estimated Change in NPV % Estimated NPV/Present Value of Assets Ratio Next 12 Months Net Interest Income Percent Change Months 13-24 Net Interest Income Percent Change
+400 $ 5,020,228 $ 4,054,040 $ 966,188 $ (34,448) (3.44) % 19.25 % (0.40) % 17.96 %
+300 5,128,464 4,151,233 977,231 (23,405) (2.34) 19.06 (0.05) 13.78
+200 5,242,978 4,252,946 990,032 (10,604) (1.06) 18.88 0.36 9.87
+100 5,358,034 4,359,771 998,263 (2,373) (0.24) 18.63 0.53 5.34
— 5,472,908 4,472,272 1,000,636 — — 18.28 — —
(100) 5,597,235 4,607,338 989,897 (10,739) (1.07) 17.69 (3.42) (7.34)
(200) 5,725,009 4,682,928 1,042,081 41,445 4.14 18.20 (5.05) (9.91)
NPV at December 31, 2020
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) Estimated Present Value of Assets Estimated Present Value of Liabilities Estimated NPV Estimated Change In NPV Estimated Change in NPV % Estimated NPV/Present Value of Assets Ratio Next 12 Months Net Interest Income Percent Change Months 13-24 Net Interest Income Percent Change
+400 $ 5,085,541 $ 4,262,399 $ 823,142 $ (29,103) (3.41) % 16.19 % 1.52 % 20.02 %
+300 5,183,396 4,358,918 824,478 (27,767) (3.26) 15.91 1.35 15.41
+200 5,289,795 4,459,805 829,990 (22,255) (2.61) 15.69 1.19 10.99
+100 5,401,377 4,565,784 835,593 (16,652) (1.95) 15.47 0.78 5.98
— 5,529,750 4,677,505 852,245 — — 15.41 — —
(100) 5,678,960 4,781,710 897,250 45,005 5.28 15.80 (2.41) (5.73)
(200) 5,814,119 4,794,445 1,019,674 167,429 19.65 17.54 (3.70) (7.89)
At September 30, 2021, in the event of a 200 basis point decrease in interest rates, we would experience a 4.14% increase in estimated net portfolio value, a 5.05% decrease in net interest income in year one, and a 9.91% decrease in net interest income in year two. In the event of a 400 basis point increase in interest rates, we would experience a 3.44% decrease in estimated net portfolio value, a 0.40% decrease in net interest income in year one and a 17.96% increase in net interest income in year two. Our policies provide that, in the event of a 200 basis point decrease or less in interest rates, our net present value ratio should decrease by no more than 300 basis points and 10%, and in the event of a 400 basis point increase or less, our net present value should decrease by no more than 475 basis points and 35%. In the event of a 200 basis point decrease or less, our projected net interest income should decrease by no more than 10% in year one and 10% in year two, and in the event of a 400 basis point increase or less, our projected net interest income should decrease by no more than 30% in year one and 20% in year two. However, when the federal funds rate is low and negative rate shocks do not produce meaningful results, management may temporarily suspend use of guidelines for negative interest rate shocks. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all Board-approved policies with respect to interest rate risk management.
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in determining interest rate risk through changes in net portfolio value and net interest income. Our model requires us to make certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. However, we also apply consistent parallel yield curve shifts (in both directions) to determine possible changes in net interest income if the theoretical yield curve shifts occurred gradually. Net interest income analysis also adjusts the asset and liability repricing analysis based on changes in prepayment rates resulting from the parallel yield curve shifts. In addition, the net portfolio value and net interest income information presented assume that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and assume that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although interest rate risk calculations provide an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our net portfolio value or net interest income and will differ from actual results.
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ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2021. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
During the three months ended September 30, 2021, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and subsidiaries are subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business.  In the opinion of management, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS
During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, there have been no material changes to the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or as previously disclosed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 2.     UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(a) Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities . There were no sales of unregistered securities during the period covered by this report.
(b) Use of Proceeds . Not applicable.
(c) Repurchases of Our Equity Securities .

On March 18, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new stock repurchase program. The program permits $54.2 million of the Company's shares of common stock to be repurchased in open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The timing of the repurchases will depend on certain factors, including but not limited to, market conditions and prices, the Company’s liquidity and capital requirements, and alternative uses of capital. Any repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and will be available for general corporate purposes. The repurchases may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason, including market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, the availability of alternative investment opportunities, liquidity, and other factors deemed appropriate.

The following table reports information regarding purchases of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2021.
Period (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased (b) Average Price Paid per Share (c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
(d) Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands)
July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021 38,196 $ 16.58 38,196 $ 36,055
August 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021 640,750 16.66 640,750 25,377
September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021 644,661 16.60 644,661 14,675
Total 1,323,607 16.63 1,323,607

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.

ITEM 4.     MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are included with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Exhibit Number Description
Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement for Steven M. Klein, William R. Jacobs, Tara L. French, David V. Fasanella, and Robin Lefkowitz
Certification of Steven M. Klein, President and Chief Executive Officer, Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)
Certification of William R. Jacobs, Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)
Certification of Steven M. Klein, President and Chief Executive Officer, and William R. Jacobs, Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
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Cover page information from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed November 9, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
(Registrant)
Date: November 9, 2021
/s/   Steven M. Klein
Steven M. Klein
President and Chief Executive Officer
/s/   William R. Jacobs
William R. Jacobs
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part IItem 1. Financial StatementsNote 1 Consolidated Financial StatementsNote 2 Business CombinationsNote 3 Debt Securities Available-for-saleNote 4 Debt Securities Held-to-maturityNote 5 Equity SecuritiesNote 6 LoansNote 7 Allowance For Credit Losses ( Acl ) on LoansNote 8 DepositsNote 9 Equity Incentive PlansNote 10 Fair Value MeasurementsNote 11 Earnings Per ShareNote 12 LeasesNote 13 Revenue RecognitionNote 14 DerivativesNote 15 Recent Accounting Pronouncements AdoptedItem 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of OperationsItem 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market RiskItem 4. Controls and ProceduresPart IIItem 1. Legal ProceedingsItem 1A. Risk FactorsItem 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of ProceedsItem 3. Defaults Upon Senior SecuritiesItem 4. Mine Safety DisclosuresItem 5. Other InformationItem 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

10.1 Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement for Steven M. Klein, William R. Jacobs, Tara L. French, David V. Fasanella, and Robin Lefkowitz 31.1 Certification of Steven M. Klein, President and Chief Executive Officer, Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) 31.2 Certification of William R. Jacobs, Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) 32 Certification of Steven M. Klein, President and Chief Executive Officer, and William R. Jacobs, Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002