NVO 20-F DEF-14A Report Dec. 31, 2019

NOVO NORDISK A S

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20-F 1 novo-b20xf12x31x19.htm 20-F Document

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Mark One)



o		REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
		OR
x		ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
		For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019
		OR
o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
		OR
o		SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 333-82318

NOVO NORDISK A/S

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter )



Not applicable	The Kingdom of Denmark
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)	(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Novo Allé 1

DK-2880 Bagsværd

Denmark

(Address of principal executive offices)

Karsten Munk Knudsen

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Tel: +45 4444 8888

E-mail: kmkn@novonordisk.com

Novo Allé, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and Address of Company Contact Person)



Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class:	Trading Symbol(s):	Name of each exchange on which registered:
B shares, nominal value DKK 0.20 each	NVO	New York Stock Exchange*
American Depositary Receipts, each representing one B Share	NVO	New York Stock Exchange

* Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Receipts, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the Annual Report:



A shares, nominal value DKK 0.20 each:	537,436,000
B shares, nominal value DKK 0.20 each:	1,862,564,000

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act .

Yes x No o

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filling:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:

U.S. GAAP o International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board x Other o

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:

Item 17 o Item 18 o

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes o No x

TABLE OF CONTENTS



INTRODUCTION		2
Part I
ITEM 1	IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS	3
ITEM 2	OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE	3
ITEM 3	KEY INFORMATION	3
ITEM 4	INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY	5
ITEM 4A	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	10
ITEM 5	OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS	11
ITEM 6	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES	14
ITEM 7	MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	23
ITEM 8	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	25
ITEM 9	THE OFFER AND LISTING	26
ITEM 10	ADDITIONAL INFORMATION	26
ITEM 11	QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS	28
ITEM 12	DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES	29
Part II
ITEM 13	DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES	30
ITEM 14	MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS	30
ITEM 15	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	30
ITEM 16A	AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTS	30
ITEM 16B	CODE OF ETHICS	31
ITEM 16C	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	31
ITEM 16D	EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES	31
ITEM 16E	PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS	32
ITEM 16F	CHANGE IN REGISTRANT'S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT	32
ITEM 16G	CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	33
ITEM 16H	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE	34
Part III
ITEM 17	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	35
ITEM 18	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	35
ITEM 19	EXHIBITS	39
SIGNATURES		43



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

INTRODUCTION

In this Form 20-F the terms ‘the Company’, ‘Novo Nordisk’ and ‘the Group’ refer to the parent company Novo Nordisk A/S together with its consolidated subsidiaries. The term ‘Novo Nordisk A/S’ is used when addressing issues specifically related to this legal entity.

Pursuant to Rule 12b-23(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, certain information for the 2019 Form 20-F of Novo Nordisk A/S set out herein is being incorporated by reference from the Company's statutory Annual Report 2019 and Annual Report 2018 , including the consolidated financial statements of Novo Nordisk A/S (hereafter “Annual Report 2019 ” and “Annual Report 2018 ” , respectively). Therefore, the information in this Form 20-F should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report 2019 and Annual Report 2018 , which were furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 5, 2020 and on February 4, 2019 , respectively.

The Company publishes its financial statements in Danish kroner (DKK).

Forward-looking statements

The information set forth in this Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements as the term is defined in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Words such as ‘believe’, ‘expect’, ‘may’, ‘will’, ‘plan’, ‘strategy’, ‘prospect’, ‘foresee’, ‘estimate’, ‘project’, ‘anticipate’, ‘can’, ‘intend’, ‘target’ and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance identify forward-looking statements. Examples of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:


•	statements of targets, plans, objectives or goals for future operations, including those related to Novo Nordisk’s products, product research, product development, product introductions and product approvals as well as cooperation in relation thereto,


•	statements containing projections of or targets for revenues, costs, income (or loss), earnings per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure, net financials and other financial measures,


•	statements regarding future economic performance, future actions and outcome of contingencies such as legal proceedings, and


•	statements regarding the assumptions underlying or relating to such statements.

With reference to our Annual Report 2019 and Annual Report 2018 , examples of forward-looking statements can be found under the headings, ‘ 2019 performance and 2020 outlook’ in our Annual Report 2019 and ‘ 2018 performance and 2019 outlook’ in our Annual Report 2018 , and elsewhere.

These statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections. By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific. Novo Nordisk cautions that a number of important factors, including those described in our Annual Report 2019 and Annual Report 2018 , could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in any forward-looking statements.

Factors that may affect future results include, but are not limited to, global as well as local political and economic conditions, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations, delay or failure of projects related to research and/or development, unplanned loss of patents, interruptions of supplies and production, product recalls, unexpected contract breaches or terminations, government-mandated or market-driven price decreases for Novo Nordisk’s products, introduction of competing products, reliance on information technology, Novo Nordisk’s ability to successfully market current and new products, exposure to product liability and legal proceedings and investigations, changes in governmental laws and related interpretation thereof, including on reimbursement, intellectual property protection and regulatory controls on testing, approval, manufacturing and marketing, perceived or actual failure to adhere to ethical marketing practices, investments in and divestitures of domestic and foreign companies, unexpected growth in costs and expenses, failure to recruit and retain the right employees, and failure to maintain a culture of compliance.

For an overview of some, but not all, of the risks that could adversely affect our results or the accuracy of forward-looking statements in this document, reference is made to the overview of risk factors in ‘ Managing risks to protect value ’ on pages 29-31 of our Annual Report 2019 .

Unless required by law, Novo Nordisk is under no duty and undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement after the date of this document, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Enforceability of civil liabilities

The Company is a Danish corporation and a majority of its directors and officers, as well as certain experts named herein, are non-residents of the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of Novo Nordisk A/S, its subsidiaries and such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for shareholders of the Company to effect service within the United States upon directors, officers and experts who are not residents of the United States or to enforce judgments in the United States. In addition, there can be no assurance as to the enforceability in Denmark against the Company or its respective directors, officers and experts who are not residents of the United States, or in actions for enforcement of judgments of United States courts, of liabilities predicated solely upon the federal securities laws of the United States.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 1 IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS

PART I

ITEM 1 IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2 OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3 KEY INFORMATION

A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA



Selected financial data
IFRS figures in DKK millions, except share and American Depositary Receipts (‘ADR’) data	2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
Income statement data
Net sales	107,927		111,780		111,696		111,831		122,021
Operating profit*	49,444		48,432		48,967		47,248		52,483
Net profit*	34,860		37,925		38,130		38,628		38,951

Earnings per share
Earnings per share/ADR	13.56		14.99		15.42		15.96		16.41
Diluted earnings per share/ADR	13.52		14.96		15.39		15.93		16.38

Balance sheet data
Total assets*	91,799		97,539		102,355		110,769		125,612
Net assets*	46,969		45,269		49,815		51,839		57,593
Capital stock	520		510		500		490		480
Treasury stock	(10	)	(9	)	(11	)	(11	)	(10	)
Dividends per share/ADR**	6.40		7.60		7.85		8.15		8.35
Dividends per share/ADR in USD**	0.94		1.08		1.26		1.25		1.25
Number of shares	2,600		2,550		2,500		2,450		2,400

*) The Group has applied IFRS 16 'Leases' for the first time on 1 January 2019. Amounts for 2015-2018 have not been restated. Please refer to note 1.2 in our Annual Report 2019 for further information.

**) Total dividend for the financial year 2019 including proposed final dividend of DKK 5.35 per share and interim dividend paid in August 2019 of DKK 3.00 per share. For USD translation the exchange rate at December 30, 2019 from Danmarks Nationalbank (The Central Bank of Denmark) is used (USD 1 = DKK 6.68)

Reference is made to ‘Consolidated financial statements 2019 ’, pages 41-76 in our Annual Report 2019 for further data.

B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS

Not applicable.

C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

D. RISK FACTORS

For information on risk factors, reference is made to our Annual Report 2019 ‘ Managing risks to protect value ’ on pages 29-31. Outlined in greater details below, we are subject to cybersecurity risks, to the risks associated with the United Kingdom’s planned exit from the European Union and to the risk of epidemics or other public health crises.

The potential risk on our business as a result of cybersecurity breaches

We rely on our IT systems to protect our intellectual property, business confidential information, and personal data. Therefore, disruption as a result of cybersecurity breaches could negatively impact the Company’s business and operations or financial results.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 3 KEY INFORMATION

IT systems act as a backbone for the Company. They support processes in research & development, manufacturing, sales and supply, and business administration. As we are a global company, the size and complexity of our IT systems are significant, and our IT infrastructure and networks are spread across the geographic regions in which we operate. The Company has made, and expects to continue to make, significant hardware, software and resourcing investments in our IT security and personal data protection programmes. Despite these investments, the dedicated cybersecurity teams who operate our global IT security infrastructure may be unable to respond sufficiently to the multitude of threats facing us or may fail to prevent service interruptions or security breaches resulting from attacks by malicious third parties. The cyber threat landscape continues to change and evolve over time, and includes threats ranging from IT-based malware of varying sophistication , to social engineering attacks, to the unintended or inadvertent click by an employee on a malicious website. Many of these threats have the po tential to cause significant

downtime of critical IT systems or the unintended disclosure of confidential information and personal data. From time to time, we experience IT security and personal data breaches, including incidents as a result of malware and third party vendor actions. Although we have not previously experienced material losses as a result of such incidents, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to prevent similar incidents from recurring or adversely affecting our business in the future.

We are subject to data privacy regulation in the EU (including the General Data Protection Regulation) and to privacy laws in many other jurisdictions where we do business that impose obligations and restrictions on the collection and use of personal data. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, it collects and stores sensitive data, including personal data and personally identifiable information of customers, employees and other third parties. Any unauthorized access, disclosure, or other loss of personal data could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, and significant regulatory penalties, disrupt the Company’s operations and damage the Company’s reputation.

Our focus is not limited to the operations of our own IT systems and infrastructure. Many third party vendors support our business processes and require access to sensitive information in the course of their work supporting the Company’s operations. Despite clear guidance, supporting processes and requirements and audits of the Company’s third party vendors, the risk that such vendors could be susceptible to cybersecurity or personal data breaches continues to be present. Any such breach could result in the unauthorized access, disclosure, or other loss of proprietary, personal or other sensitive information, or other disruption to the Company’s business and operations.

The extent of the impact on our business as a result of the United Kingdom’s decision to end its membership in the European Union remains uncertain

Following the vote of a majority of the United Kingdom (the “UK”) electorate in a referendum held on June 23, 2016, in March 2017, the government of the UK (the “UK Government”) triggered Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty and left the European Union (the “EU”) on 31 January 2020 (“Brexit”).

The extent of the impact on the Company’s operations in the UK will depend significantly on the trade negotiations between UK and EU and the length of the transition period. There is significant uncertainty regarding the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the EU. Lack of clarity about future UK laws and regulations as the UK determines which EU-derived laws and regulations to replace or replicate as part of a withdrawal, including healthcare and pharmaceutical regulations; financial laws and regulations; tax and free trade agreements; intellectual property rights; supply chain logistics; environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations; immigration laws; and employment laws, and this could increase costs, depress economic activity, and restrict the flow of goods and services between the UK and the EU. NN is working closely with the UK Government to determine and mitigate impacts on our supply chain logistics. Mitigating steps already taken include changes to supply routes, changing or transferring the Company’s notified body for devices to an entity located in an EU member state, and duplicating and transferring Company licenses. If the UK leaves the EU customs union, NN expects to be liable for customs duties and declarations on purchase orders fulfilled in the UK. NN has already incurred (and expects to incur further) costs associated with the handling and storage of additional stock delivered, or to be delivered, to the UK. The additional stock is currently expected to remain at higher levels for the foreseeable future. Until the trade negotiations are finalized, however, it is difficult to assess the overall effect that Brexit will have on our operations and hence the expected costs to be incurred and the ultimate impact of Brexit on our business and financial results remains uncertain.

In addition, to the risks identified above, we may be subject to other material risks that as of the date of this report are not currently known to us or that we deem less material at this point in time.

Our financial and operating performance may be adversely affected by epidemics or other public health crises.

Our financial and operating performance could be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of epidemics or other public health crises. For example, in late December 2019 a notice of pneumonia of unknown cause originating from Wuhan, Hubei province was reported to the World Health Organisation. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) was identified, with cases soon confirmed in multiple provinces in China, as well as in other countries. The Chinese government has placed Wuhan and multiple other cities in Hubei province under quarantine, with approximately 60 million people affected. Local governments in China are also issuing local policies and guidance including with respect to work arrangements after the Chinese New Year holiday, and travel to and from China has been suspended or restricted by certain air carriers and foreign governments.

The risks to the Company of epidemics and other public health crises, such as the on-going novel coronavirus, include risks to employee health and safety, and reduced sales due to fewer promotional activities and less healthcare spending on chronic diseases as resources are diverted to epidemiology management. Our business could also experience a slowdown or temporary suspension in production in geographic locations impacted. Any prolonged restrictive measures put in place in order to control an outbreak of contagious disease or other adverse public health development, in China or any of our targeted markets, may have a material and adverse effect on our business operations.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 4 INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY

Novo Nordisk A/S was formed in 1989 by a merger of two Danish companies, Nordisk Gentofte A/S and Novo Industri A/S. Novo Industri A/S was the continuing company and its name was changed to Novo Nordisk A/S. The business activities of Nordisk Gentofte were established in 1923 by August Krogh, H. C. Hagedorn and A. Kongsted, and the business activities of Novo Industri A/S were established in 1925 by Harald and Thorvald Pedersen. From the beginning, the business of both companies was production and sale of insulin for the treatment of diabetes.

Novo Nordisk’s B shares are listed on Nasdaq Copenhagen (NOVO-B). Its American Depositary Receipts (ADR) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NVO).



Legal name:		Novo Nordisk A/S
Commercial name:		Novo Nordisk
Domicile:		Novo Allé 1, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark
		Tel: +45 4444 8888
		Website: novonordisk.com
		(The contents of this website are not incorporated by reference into this Form 20-F.)

Date of incorporation:		November 28, 1931
Legal form of the Company:		A Danish public limited liability company
Legislation under which
the Company operates:		Danish law
Country of incorporation:		Denmark

Important events in 2019

Reference is made to ´Introducing Novo Nordisk`, pages 1-7 and ´2019 performance and 2020 outlook`, pages 20-28 in our Annual Report 2019 for a description of important events in 2019 .

Capital expenditure in 2019 , 2018 and 2017

The total capital expenditure for property, plant and equipment was DKK 8.9 billion in 2019 compared with DKK 9.6 billion in 2018 and DKK 7.6 billion in 2017 . Capital expenditure was primarily related to investments in a new production facility for diabetes active pharmaceutical ingredients in Clayton, North Carolina, USA, expansion of production facilities in Kalundborg, Denmark, expansion of production facilities in Chartres, France and a new diabetes filling capacity in Hillerød, Denmark , all financed with cash flow from operating activities. In addition, Novo Nordisk acquired an existing tablet factory in August 2019 located near Durham, North Carolina, to strengthen the establishment of the Company's local U.S. supply chain for Rybelsus ^® and other future oral products. No significant divestments took place in the period from 2017 – 2019 .

Capital expenditure is expected to be around DKK 6.5 billion in 2020 , primarily related to investments in additional capacity for active pharmaceutical ingredient production within diabetes and an expansion of the diabetes filling capacity. The investments are expected to be financed with cash flow from operating activities.

Public takeover offers in respect of the Company’s shares

No such offers occurred during 2019 or 2020 to date.

B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Novo Nordisk is a global healthcare company and a world leader in Diabetes care. The Company has one of the broadest diabetes product portfolios in the industry, including new generation insulin, a full portfolio of modern insulin as well as a portfolio of GLP-1 receptor agonists administered both via subcutaneous injection and as a tablet . In addition, Novo Nordisk also has a leading position within haemophilia care and growth hormone therapy, and Novo Nordisk’s first product to treat obesity, Saxenda ^® , was launched in the United States in April 2015 and has now been launched in an additional 45 countries. Novo Nordisk manufactures and markets pharmaceutical products and services that make a significant difference to patients, the medical profession and society. Headquartered in Denmark, Novo Nordisk employs approximately 43,300 employees in 80 countries and markets its products in approximately 170 countries.

Reference is made to the section ‘Our business’ on pages 8-28 in our Annual Report 2019 .



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 4 INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

Segment information

Novo Nordisk is engaged in the discovery, development, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products and has two business segments: (i) Diabetes and Obesity care and (ii) Biopharm. The Diabetes and Obesity care segment covers insulin, GLP-1 and related delivery systems, oral antidiabetic products (OAD), obesity and other serious chroninc diseases. The Biopharm segment covers the therapy areas of haemophilia, growth disorders and hormone replacement therapy.

Seasonality

Sales of individual products in individual markets may be subject to fluctuations from quarter to quarter. However, the Company’s consolidated operating results have not been subject to significant seasonality.

Raw materials

The impact on the overall profitability of Novo Nordisk from variations in raw material prices is unlikely to be significant. There is no raw material supply shortage that is expected to significantly impact the Company’s ability to supply any significant market. The Company’s production is largely based on common and readily available raw materials with relatively low price volatility. Certain specific raw materials are, however, less available. For these raw materials, it is the policy of Novo Nordisk to develop close and long-term relationships with key suppliers as well as to secure at least dual sourcing whenever possible and, when relevant, operate with a predefined minimum safety level of raw material inventories.

Market and competition

Novo Nordisk’s insulin and other pharmaceutical products are marketed and distributed through subsidiaries, distributors and independent agents with responsibility for specific geographical areas. In 2019 , Novo Nordisk reported based on a regional structure comprising North America Operations (the United States and Canada) and International Operations. International Operations covers all countries except those within North America and is organized in the following five regions: Region Europe; Region Latin America; Region AAMEO (Africa, Asia, Middle East & Oceania); Region Japan & Korea; and Region China. For 2019 , the most important markets in terms of sales were the United States, China, Japan, the major European countries and Canada.

Market conditions within the pharmaceutical industry continue to change, including efforts by both private and governmental entities to reduce or control costs generally and in specific therapeutic areas. Most of the countries in which Novo Nordisk sells insulin subsidize or control pricing and in most markets insulin and GLP-1 are prescription drugs.

In recent years, there has been a general trend in the United States of payers managing the cost of diabetes care by exerting pressure on the price of Novo Nordisk’s and competitors' products. As the population of people with diabetes has increased, competition in the diabetes care area has also intensified, with additional competitors entering the market. In spite of this external pressure, Novo Nordisk has maintained the leading position in the overall diabetes care market through the quality and innovative value of the Company’s diabetes care products. In the United States, pharmacy benefit managers and managed care organizations have continued to leverage their increasing size and control to demand higher rebates which has impacted the price level and overall value of the market. Furthermore, competition has intensified and contributed to the downward pressure on manufactures' net prices, especially in the basal insulin segment following the launch of a biosimilar glargine in December 2016.

The Company enters into numerous contracts with customers, suppliers, agents and industry partners. Some of the most important contracts include: commercial contracts with pharmacy benefit managers, managed care organizations and healthcare providers, in- and out-licensing of patent rights, large tender orders and long-term sub-supplier agreements.

Due to the increasing number of people with diabetes, the pharmaceutical market for treatment of diabetes continues to grow. Several of the major international pharmaceutical companies have entered the diabetes market, specifically in the area of oral products for treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the global insulin market, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Sanofi are the most significant companies measured by market share.

Tresiba ^® , the Company's latest generation of basal insulin, was launched broadly in the United States in January 2016 and maintains wide commercial and Medicare Part D formulary coverage. In 2018, Tresiba ^® obtained approval to update its labelling in the United States to include data from the DEVOTE study which showed a 40% reduction in the risk of severe hypoglycaemia vs. glargine U100. In countries outside the United States, Tresiba ^® has shown solid penetration in markets with reimbursement at a similar level to insulin glargine U100, whereas penetration remains modest in markets with restricted market access. In September 2017, Novo Nordisk obtained the approval of Tresiba ^® in China and the product was launched in China, without reimbursement and with limited market access , however, it was added to the country’s National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) in 2019 with effect from January 2020 . Tresiba ^® has been launched in 86 countries.

Xultophy ^® (IDegLira), a once-daily single-injection combination of insulin degludec (Tresiba ^® ) and liraglutide (Victoza ^® ), has now been launched in 37 countries, including the United States. Xultophy ^® has delivered strong growth in markets with a preference for fixed-dose combination products.

Ryzodeg ^® , a soluble formulation of insulin degludec and insulin aspart, has now been launched in 30 countries. I n markets where the premix insulin segment is preferred, the uptake of Ryzodeg ^® has been very positive.

The novel mealtime insulin Fiasp ^® , fast-acting insulin aspart, received marketing authorization from the European Commission in 2017 and approvals were also received in Norway, Iceland and Canada. In September 2017, Novo Nordisk received approval for Fiasp ^® in the United States and the product was launched there in February 2018. Globally, Fiasp ^® has now been launched in 33 countries.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 4 INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

Moreover, the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as a treatment option for people with Type 2 diabetes has continued to increase resulting in significant growth of the GLP-1 market. Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Astra Zeneca are the most significant companies in the global GLP-1 market measured by market share. Novo Nordisk is the global market leader in the GLP-1 segment with a 47.5% value market share as at December 31, 2019 ( Source: IQVIA, November 2019 data MAT) .

I n February 2018, Novo Nordisk launched the once-weekly GLP-1 product, Ozempic ^® , for the treatment of adults with Type 2 diabetes in the United States and Canada. Ozempic ^® has also been marketed in 24 countries in International Operations, predominantly in Europe, and the roll-out will continue in 2020. Ozempic ^® has achieved a 37% NBRx (New-to-Brand Prescriptions) market share in the United States as at December 31, 2019, and global sales in 2019 of DKK 11.2 billion.

In September 2019, the FDA approved Rybelsus ^® , the first and only GLP-1 analog in a tablet for the treatment of adults with Type 2 diabetes in the United States. Novo Nordisk is launching Rybelsus ^® broadly in the United States during 2020 as access is expected to be built gradually and outside the United States after regulatory approval has been achieved.

Patents

To maintain and expand competitiveness, Novo Nordisk strives for the strongest possible protection for those inventions that are created during the development of new products. Novo Nordisk anticipates that the expiration of certain patents could impact sales within the coming years. However, through continued investments in research and development, Novo Nordisk strives to bring novel and innovative products to the market and thereby sustain strong patent protection in the future, as new generations of products replace currently marketed products.

For patent information on all Novo Nordisk’s marketed products, reference is made to the section ‘Pipeline overview’ on pages 14-15 in our Annual Report 2019 .

In addition to the compound patents discussed in ‘Pipeline overview’ on pages 14-15 in our Annual Report 2019 , the patent protection of our key products within each business segment is considered in the following section. For key products with recent patent expiration or with patent expiration occurring within the coming years, geographical sales splits are provided and factors that may influence the potential impact of competitive product launches are discussed.

Sales of key products with recent or upcoming patent expiration:



	Total sales in 2019 (in DKK million)	International Operations		Hereof										North America Operations		Hereof
Product	Total sales in 2019 (in DKK million)	International Operations		Region Europe		Region AAMEO		Region China		Region Japan & Korea		Region Latin America		North America Operations		USA

NovoLog ^® /NovoRapid ^®	18,060	54	%	23	%	15	%	10	%	4	%	2	%	46	%	44	%
NovoLog ^® Mix /NovoMix ^®	9,585	91	%	16	%	26	%	45	%	3	%	1	%	9	%	9	%
Levemir ^®	9,307	44	%	19	%	11	%	10	%	1	%	3	%	56	%	54	%
NovoSeven ^®	8,119	55	%	22	%	14	%	3	%	4	%	12	%	45	%	43	%
Norditropin ^®	7,275	58	%	20	%	10	%	0	%	24	%	4	%	42	%	42	%

Patent situation of key Diabetes care products

The total sales of NovoLog ^® /NovoRapid ^® were DKK 18,060 million in 2019 (DKK 18,763 million in 2018 ). The compound patent for NovoLog ^® /NovoRapid ^® has expired. The patent in Japan expired in December 2010 and the European patent expired in August 2011. In the United States NovoLog ^® /NovoRapid ^® was patent protected until December 2014. In addition to the compound patent, Novo Nordisk held a formulation patent on NovoLog ^® /NovoRapid ^® , which expired in December 2017 in the United States and in June 2017 in all other markets.

The total sales of NovoLog ^® Mix/NovoMix ^® were DKK 9,585 million in 2019 (DKK 9,480 million in 2018 ). The compound patent for NovoLog ^® Mix /NovoMix ^® has expired. In Japan the compound patent expired in June 2014, in the United States the compound patent expired in December 2014 and in Europe the compound patent expired on a country-by-country basis throughout 2014 and into 2015. In addition, Novo Nordisk held a formulation patent on NovoLog ^® Mix /NovoMix ^® in the United States, which provided coverage until December 2017.

The total sales of Levemir ^® were DKK 9,307 million in 2019 (DKK 11,195 million in 2018 ). The compound patents for Levemir ^® expired in June 2019 in the United States, in May 2019 in Europe, and in September 2019 in Japan. In China, the compound patents expired in September 2014.

Today, biosimilar versions of insulin can be approved in the United States via the 505(b)(2) pathway, and in the future the 351(k) pathway in the Public Health Service Act is anticipated to be applicable. In the EU, a biosimilar pathway and guidelines are available for insulins, and the guideline for biosimilar products issued in Japan is also relevant for insulins. At present, a biosimilar to NovoRapid ^® /NovoLog ^® produced by a competitor is completing phase 3 clinical trials and could be launched in 2020 . Furthermore, biosimilars to Levemir ^® , NovoRapid ^® and NovoMix ^® have been filed for regulatory approval by a local competitor in China.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 4 INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

In February 2017, TEVA filed an Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) for liraglutide, the active pharmaceutical molecule in Victoza ^® for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and Saxenda ^® for the treatment of obesity, to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Following a settlement between Novo Nordisk and Teva announced in March 2019 and the subsequent approval of Victoza ^® for children and adolescents usage in the US, Teva is not expected to launch a generic version of Victoza ^® until 2024. In August 2019 it was announced that Mylan had also filed an ANDA for liraglutide in the USA, and in December 2019, Mylan filed a petition for Inter Partes Review against a formulation patent covering Victoza® until February 2026. Novo Nordisk will continue to defend its intellectual property associated with Victoza ^® and is pursuing this legal approach against Mylan.

Patent situation of key Biopharm products

The total sales of NovoSeven ^® were DKK 8,119 million in 2019 (DKK 7,881 million in 2018 ). While the compound patent for NovoSeven ^® has expired in all major markets, Novo Nordisk holds two formulation patents on the room temperature stable preparation of NovoSeven ^® , which provides coverage of this formulation until 2023 and 2025, respectively, in all major markets.

The expiry of the compound patent has not impacted sales of NovoSeven ^® . Novo Nordisk believes that this is due to the complexity of the NovoSeven ^® protein, rendering regulatory pathways for a ‘biosimilar’ recombinant human coagulation Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) inapplicable in the United States, the EU and Japan.

In the EU, guidelines for the development of biosimilar products have been available since late 2005; however, to date these guidelines do not apply to coagulation factors because of their complexity. The guideline for biosimilar products in Japan includes requirements similar to those established in Europe.

To date, we have only seen approvals of competing biosimilar rFVIIa products in Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Iran. However, two phase 3 trials in patients with congenital haemophilia with inhibitors and FVII deficiency have been initiated with a competing product in Iran with the aim of obtaining approval in the EU. New information is regularly being compiled to assess whether the clinical programs for these compounds could contribute towards fulfilling regulatory requirements in the United States, the EU and Japan. As such, Novo Nordisk still believes that the expiry of its compound patent for NovoSeven ^® will continue to have an insignificant impact on sales, results of operations and liquidity in the major geographical segments in the near term.

Total sales of Norditropin ^® were DKK 7,275 million in 2019 (DKK 6,834 million in 2018 ). Today, Norditropin ^® is not covered by a compound patent and the formulation used is covered by a formulation patent that expired in 2017 in the United States, Europe and Japan. However, the pen devices that patients use to inject growth hormone are covered by separate patents. Today, all Novo Nordisk growth hormone products are supplied in pen devices. While marketed growth hormone products in the United States are similar in terms of efficacy and safety profile and despite the presence of biosimilar growth hormone products on the market, Norditropin ^® is differentiated by its high level of temperature stability and the FlexPro ^® device in which it is offered. The expiry of our compound patent for Norditropin ^® is not expected to significantly impact sales, results of operations and liquidity in any geographical segments in the near term.

Impact of regulation

As a pharmaceutical company, Novo Nordisk depends on government approvals related to production, development, marketing and reimbursement of its products. Important regulatory bodies include the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicines Agency, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Chinese Food and Drug Administration. Treatment guidelines from non-governmental organizations such as the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the American Diabetes Association may also impact the Company.

Disclosure pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012

Pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, ("Section 13(r)"), Novo Nordisk is obliged to provide disclosure if, during 2019 , it or any of its affiliates have engaged in certain Iran-related activities or transactions with persons designated under Executive Order 13224 or Executive Order 13382. Novo Nordisk conducts limited business relating to pharmaceutical products and devices within the Diabetes care and Biopharm business segments in Iran. Set forth below is a description of the activities and transactions by Novo Nordisk’s subsidiaries that are required to be disclosed pursuant to Section 13(r). Novo Nordisk’s U.S. subsidiaries are not involved in any of Novo Nordisk’s activities in Iran.

Novo Nordisk Pars (“NN Pars”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Novo Nordisk A/S located in Iran, contracts with five companies that may be controlled by the Government of Iran ("GOI") to distribute its products. NN Pars also sponsors educational programs and congresses organized by GOI-controlled medical universities, and hosts and/or engages as scientific delegates or lecturers/speakers health care professionals employed by these medical universities at similar programs in Iran and other locations. Additionally, NN Pars makes donations to GOI-controlled public health organizations focusing on diabetes awareness and policy. NN Pars receives payments from, and makes payments to, Iranian banks (some of which may be GOI-controlled) relating to the sales of pharmaceutical products and devices. NN Pars makes payments incidental to its ordinary business activities to Iranian government entities and entities that are or may be GOI-controlled, such as taxes, customs fees, insurance, product registration fees and telecommunications services expenses.

In 2018, NN Pars contracted with a GOI-controlled company to serve as a contract manufacturer for biopharm products. However, no transactions took place under the contract and it was terminated. Currently only a Memorandum of Understanding remains in effect, and no activity is currently expected with respect thereto.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 4 INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

In addition, in 2016, NN Pars purchased land from a GOI-controlled holding company in order to construct a manufacturing facility in Iran . NN engaged a non-GOI-controlled entity in 2018 for the delivery of utility and related services in connection with the construction of the facility, and this entity provided services to NN Pars during 2019. Novo Nordisk expects to invest approximately DKK 520 million over the course of five years, which started in 2015, to build the manufacturing facility, which will be used for assembly and packaging of insulin pens for use in Iran.

The German subsidiary of NNE A/S, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Novo Nordisk A/S, previously sold raw materials and spare parts for production of dialysis filters and leucocyte filters and syringes to a GOI-controlled company. This business relationship, however, was wound down during 2018. NNE A/S currently holds an open receivable from such GOI-controlled entity related to such sales. In 2018, the Iranian customer tried to pay the amounts due, but the payment, which was routed through a GOI-owned bank in Europe, was never received by NNE A/S’s subsidiary. It was held up in transit after the United States imposed sanctions on the bank, and the payment was ultimately returned in 2019 to a GOI-owned bank in Iran. Each of those two GOI-owned banks was designated by the U.S. Government in 2018 under Executive Order 13224. It is uncertain when NNE A/S will receive payment from the Iranian customer with respect to the outstanding receivable.

NNE A/S is a party to a contract with an Iranian blood fractionation company that Novo Nordisk has learned may be GOI-owned or controlled for the provision of certain engineering services to the Iranian customer. There were no activities conducted under this contract in 2019, but unpaid amounts remain due from the Iranian customer for services performed in prior years by NNE A/S’s affiliate. It is uncertain when NNE A/S will receive payment from the Iranian customer with respect to these unpaid amounts.

Novo Nordisk’s gross revenue related to transactions with GOI-owned or controlled entities in 2019 was not in excess of DKK 1,000 million. Novo Nordisk does not allocate its net profit on a country-by-country or activity-by-activity basis, other than as set forth in Novo Nordisk’s consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB; however, Novo Nordisk estimates that its net profit attributable to the transactions with the GOI discussed above would not exceed a de minimis percentage of the Group’s total net profit in 2019 .

The purpose of Novo Nordisk’s Iran-related activities is to provide access to important and life-saving pharmaceutical products such as insulin and haemophilia products to patients in Iran, and to improve the healthcare of the Iranian people in accordance with Novo Nordisk’s access to care strategy. For that purpose, Novo Nordisk intends to continue these activities.

C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

For information regarding the organizational structure and securities exchange listings of Novo Nordisk A/S, the main shareholder Novo Holdings A/S (formerly Novo A/S) and the Novo Nordisk Foundation and the ownership structure of Novo Nordisk A/S, reference is made to the sections ‘Shares and capital structure’ on pages 32-33 and ‘Corporate governance’ on pages 34-37 in our Annual Report 2019 .

Companies in the Novo Nordisk Group are listed in the Company’s Annual Report 2019 on page 75, ‘Companies in the Novo Nordisk Group.’

D. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The Company has its headquarters in Bagsværd, Denmark, where it occupies a number of buildings.

The Company believes that its current production facilities, including facilities under construction and planned for construction, are sufficient to meet its capacity requirements, including the capacity for meeting growing demand in the future for the products NovoLog ^® / NovoRapid ^® , NovoLog Mix ^® / NovoMix ^® , Levemir ^® , Victoza ^® , Tresiba ^® , Ryzodeg ^® , Xultophy ^® , Fiasp ^® , Ozempic ^® , Saxenda ^® , Rybelsus ^® , NovoSeven ^® , NovoEight ^® , Rebinyn ^® / Refixia ^® , Norditropin ^® , Esperoct ^® and devices. Reference is made to the sections ‘Capital expenditures in 2019 , 2018 and 2017 ’ under Item 4 for more information about the current expansion programs. For the nature of the Company’s property, plant and equipment, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , reference is made to Note 3.2 ‘Property, plant and equipment’ in our Annual Report 2019 .

The major production facilities owned by the Company are located at a number of sites in Denmark, and internationally in the United States, France, China and Brazil. There are no material encumbrances on the properties; however, the facilities in Tianjin, China are constructed on land where the remaining term of the lease is 31 and 36 years.

Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) production is located in Denmark, primarily in Kalundborg and with secondary locations in Hillerød and Gentofte, both in Denmark, as well as in New Hampshire, United States, although a new API production site in Clayton, North Carolina in the United States is being established.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 4 INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our major production sites.



MAJOR PRODUCTION FACILITIES	Size of production area (square meters)	Major Production Activities
Kalundborg, Denmark	166,500	•	Active pharmaceutical ingredients for diabetes and obesity as well as products for diabetes care
		•	Active pharmaceutical ingredients for haemophilia.
		•	Products for biopharm

Hillerød, Denmark	156,700	•	Durable devices and components for disposable devices
		•	Products for diabetes and obesity
		•	Active pharmaceutical ingredients for haemophilia

Bagsværd, Denmark	111,200	•	Products for diabetes and obesity

Gentofte, Denmark	70,800	•	Active pharmaceutical ingredients for glucagon and growth hormone therapy
		•	Products for growth hormone therapy, glucagon and haemophilia

Tianjin, China	68,500	•	Products for diabetes
		•	Production of durable devices

Montes Claros, Brazil	56,700	•	Products for diabetes
		•	Gel production for active pharmaceutical ingredients

Måløv, Denmark	54,800	•	Products for hormone replacement therapy
		•	Products for oral antidiabetes treatment
		•	Products for oral diabetes treatment

Clayton, North Carolina, United States	42,800	•	Products for diabetes and obesity

Chartres, France	28,600	•	Products for diabetes

New Hampshire, United States	14,800	•	Active pharmaceutical ingredients for haemophilia

In May 2015, Novo Nordisk initiated the construction of a new facility in Kalundborg, Denmark for producing API for NovoSeven ^® and future products for the treatment of haemophilia. The facility is expected to be operational by the end of 2020. The production area of the facility is 7,500 square meters. The expected amount of expenditures for this facility is approximately DKK 1.8 billion. The facility is financed by cash flow from operating activities.

In November 2015, Novo Nordisk initiated the construction of a new facility in Hillerød, Denmark for producing medicines for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. The facility is expected to be ready for use in 2020. The production area of the facility is 10,300 square meters. The expected amount of expenditures for this facility is approximately DKK 2.4 billion. The facility is financed by cash flow from operating activities.

In March 2016, Novo Nordisk initiated the construction of a new diabetes API production facility in Clayton, North Carolina, United States. The majority of the facility is expected to be ready for use in 2020 while the remaining part is expected to be operational in 2022 . The expected amount of expenditures for this facility is more than USD 2.6 billion. The facility will be financed by cash flow from operating activities.

In August 2019, Novo Nordisk acquired an existing tablet facility in Durham, North Carolina, United States to strengthen the establishment of the Company’s local U.S. supply chain for Rybelsus ^® and other potential future oral products. The facility is expected to be operational early 2022. The expected amount of expenditures for this facility including acquisition value and rebuilt work is approximately USD 70 million. The facility will be financed by cash flow from operating activities.

In January 2019, Novo Nordisk initiated the expansion of its production facility in Chartres, France for assembly and packaging of diabetes finished products. The facility is expected to be ready for use by the end of 2021. The production area of the facility is expected to be 9,250 square meters. The expected expenditure for this facility is approximately EUR 81 million. The expansion is expected to be financed by cash flow from operating activities.

ITEM 4A UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 5 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

Critical accounting estimates

Reference is made to Note 1.1 ‘Principal accounting policies and key accounting estimates’ in our Annual Report 2019 .

New accounting pronouncements

Reference is made to Note 1.2 ‘Changes in accounting policies and disclosures’ in our Annual Report 2019 .

A. OPERATING RESULTS

Reference is made to the section ‘Forward-looking statements’ contained on page 2 and the discussion under the caption ‘Risk factors’ contained under Item 3. Reference is further made to our Annual Report 2019 ‘ Managing risks to protect value ’ on pages 29-31.

The financial condition of the Group and its development are described in our Annual Report 2019 and our Annual Report 2018 . The information in this section is based on these reports and should be read in conjunction with the annual reports. The analysis and discussions included in the annual reports are primarily based on the consolidated financial statements which are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

2019 compared with 2018

The following portions of our Annual Report 2019 constitute the Board of Directors’ and Executive Management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations (incorporated herein by reference):

‘Introducing Novo Nordisk’ (pages 1-7)

‘2019 performance and 2020 outlook’ (pages 20-28)

2018 compared with 2017

The following portions of our Annual Report 2018 constitute the Board of Directors’ and Executive Management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations (incorporated herein by reference):

‘Letters’ (pages 1-3)

‘Introducing Novo Nordisk’ (pages 4-9)

‘Performance and Outlook’ (pages 10-21)

Segment information

Reference is made to Note 2.2 ‘Segment information’ in our Annual Report 2019 for details on segmented results.

Inflation

Inflation for the three most recent fiscal years has not had a material impact on the Group’s Net sales or Net profit.

Foreign currencies

The majority of Novo Nordisk’s sales are in foreign currencies, mainly USD, EUR, CNY, JPY, GBP and CAD, while a significant proportion of production, research and development costs are carried in DKK. Consequently, Novo Nordisk has significant exposure to foreign exchange risks and engages in significant hedging activities where the most significant exposure and hedging are related to USD, CNY, JPY, GBP and CAD, while the EUR exchange rate risk is regarded as low due to the Danish fixed-rate policy towards EUR. Thus, Novo Nordisk does not hedge the EUR exchange rate risk. For further description of foreign currency exposure, reference is made to the disclosure in Note 4.3 ‘Financial risks’ in our Annual Report 2019 and for further description of foreign currency exposure and hedging activities, reference is made to the description of financial instruments in Note 4.4 ‘Derivative financial instruments’ in our Annual Report 2019 .

Governmental policies

Please refer to pages 8-28 ‘Our business’ in our Annual Report 2019 and Item 4.

B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Novo Nordisk maintains a centralized approach to the management of the Group’s financial risks. The overall objectives and policies for Novo Nordisk’s financial risk management are outlined in the Novo Nordisk Treasury Policy, which is approved by the Board of Directors. The Treasury Policy governs the Group’s use of financial instruments. For further information, reference is made to Item 11.

Financial resources

Reference is made to page 43 ‘Cash flow statement for the year ended 31 December’ and page 44 ‘Balance sheet’ in our Annual Report 2019 . In addition, Novo Nordisk has obtained a credit rating from two independent external rating agencies.

Novo Nordisk believes its financial resources are sufficient to meet its requirements for at least the next 12 months.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 5 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

Cash flow in 2019 , 2018 and 2017

Reference is made to page 43 ’Cash flow statement' for the year ended 31 December’ in our Annual Report 2019 .

The most significant source of cash flow from operating activities is sales of Diabetes and Obesity care and Biopharm products. Generally, other factors that affect operating earnings, such as pricing, volume, product mix, costs and exchange rates, also have an impact on realized cash flow from operating activities.

Except as disclosed in note 4.5 'Cash and cash equivalents, financial resources and free cash flow' in our Annual Report 2019 , there are no material restrictions on the ability of subsidiaries with material cash amounts to transfer funds to the parent company, Novo Nordisk A/S.

Trade receivable program

Trade receivable program, as of December 31, 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively, are shown in Note 4.3 ‘Financial risks’ in our Annual Report 2019 .

Debt financing

No long-term loans were outstanding as of December 31, 2019 or 2018 . Following the implementation of IFRS 16, lease liabilities are recognized as Borrowings in the balance sheet. Reference is made to page 44 ‘Balance sheet’ and to Notes 1.2 ‘Changes in accounting policies and disclosures’ and 4.2 ‘Borrowings’ in our Annual Report 2019 for information on Current debt.

Derivative financial instruments

Novo Nordisk only hedges commercial exposures and consequently does not enter into derivative transactions for trading or speculative purposes. Currency hedging is done with foreign exchange forwards and foreign exchange options. Reference is made to Note 4.3 ‘Financial risks’ and Note 4.4 ‘Derivative financial instruments’ in our Annual Report 2019 for further information on financial instruments including currency exposure.

Commitments for capital expenditure etc.

Contractual obligations for capital expenditure and other contingent liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, are shown in Note 5.2 ‘Commitments’ in our Annual Report 2019 .

The Executive Management of the Group believes that the obligations are covered by the Group’s financial resources as well as expected future cash flows from operating activities.

C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.

Novo Nordisk’s research activities utilize biotechnological methods based on genetic engineering, advanced protein chemistry and protein engineering. These methods have played a key role in the development of the production technology which is used in the manufacturing of insulin, GLP-1, recombinant blood clotting factors, human growth hormone and glucagon.

The primary focus of Novo Nordisk’s research and development is on therapeutic proteins within diabetes, obesity, haemophilia, growth disorders and other serious chronic diseases such as NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) and atherosclerosis cardiovascular diseases .

Reference is made to Note 2.3 ‘Research and development costs’ in our Annual Report 2019 for research and development costs in 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Novo Nordisk’s research and development organization comprised approximately 8,000 employees as of December 31, 2019 .

In general, we expect that growth in research and development spending will follow a trend in line with sales growth indicating that the research and development cost to sales ratio is expected to be relatively constant in the foreseeable future. Thus, we currently expect to continue an expenditure level of around 13-15% of sales in research and development activities going forward. Development costs in 2019 were driven by significant investments late-stage trials with semaglutide and oral semaglutide as well as investments in semaglutide obesity with phase 3a/3b trials and CV outcome trials.

Historically Novo Nordisk has spent approximately 70-80% of total research and development expenditures on clinical development activities, and approximately 20-30% on research activities. The split between research and development will fluctuate in individual years depending on the composition of the clinical development portfolio.

In 2019, development within Diabetes and Obesity care comprises approximately 70% (73% in 2018 and 67% in 2017), and development within Biopharm comprises approximately 77% (77% in 2018 and 79% in 2017).

Research costs comprise the very early stages of the drug development cycle from the initial drug discovery until the drug is ready for administration to humans. The activities initially focus on identifying a single drug candidate with a profile that will support a decision to initiate development activities. Before selection of the final drug candidate, it is tested in animals to gather efficacy, toxicity and pharmacokinetic information.

Development costs are incurred from the start of phase 1, when the drug is administered to humans for the first time; these are the projects captured in the ’Pipeline overview’ (unaudited). The final product is developed, and subsequent clinical trials (phases 2 and 3) are conducted to further test the drug in humans, using the results from these trials to attempt to obtain marketing authorization, permitting Novo Nordisk to market and sell the developed products.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 5 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

Information related to selected research and development projects can be found under ‘Pipeline overview’ on pages 14-15 in our Annual Report 2019 . Furthermore, a broader overview of our business activities can be found on pages 8-28 ‘Our business’.

The following Novo Nordisk compounds are currently in phase 3 development or have recently been filed for regulatory approval:



COMPOUND / BRAND NAME / INDICATION	Year entered into phase 3 or filed with the regulatory authorities	Patent expiration
Somapacitan (NN8640) Once-weekly human growth hormone / Growth disorder	Phase 3 in ADGH completed in 2018 and submitted for regulatory review in 2019. Phase 3 in GHD initiated in 2018.	2034 ¹

Semaglutide obesity (NN9536) / Obesity	Phase 3 initiated in 2018	2031 ²

Concizumab (NN7415) / Haemophilia A and B with or without inhibitors	Phase 3 initiated in 2019	2033 ³

¹ Current estimate United States. Key EU markets estimate 2035, Japan expiry 2035

² Current estimate

³ Current estimate United States. Key EU markets estimate 2034, Japan expiry 2034

During 2019 Novo Nordisk has not discontinued any development projects in phase 3.

In determining whether or not any project or group of related projects is significant, we consider the following qualitative and quantitative criteria:


•	Assessment of the unmet medical need targeted with the specific project;


•	The inherent project risk including the risk of safety issues, unsatisfactory tolerability profile, limitations on the efficacy of the compound;


•	Timeline for completing the clinical testing and submitting an application for approval to regulatory authorities;


•	Regulatory authorities’ position towards approval and drug label;


•	Changes in competitive landscape during the development and approval cycle including competing drugs being developed by others;


•	Changes in medical practice during the development period;


•	Position of payers, the medical society and patients towards treatment with drug and price of drug;


•	Expected uptake in market following launch; and


•	Expected net present value of the project.

In assessing the criteria listed above, and as described in ‘ Managing risks to protect value ’ on pages 29-31 in our Annual Report 2019 , it is important to note that at all stages of the development, due to the uncertainties inherent to clinical development and the regulatory approval process, there is a significant degree of uncertainty and risk that the project will not be successful. The nature of our development activities is such that a compound must first be proven to work by means of multiple clinical trials, which may require treatment of thousands of patients and could take years to complete. Even if initial results of preclinical studies or clinical trial results are promising, we may obtain different results that fail to show the desired levels of safety and efficacy, or we may not obtain applicable regulatory approval for a variety of other reasons. The compound must be accepted by either the FDA, the European Medicines Agency or similar agencies around the world, each of which may have differing requirements. During each stage, there is a substantial risk that we will encounter serious obstacles which will further delay us, or that we will not achieve our goals and, accordingly, may abandon a product in which we have invested substantial resources. Furthermore, the commercial potential of a project is dependent on the label granted by the regulatory authority upon approval. The label specifies for which indications a product can be used, major and minor safety concerns associated with drug treatment as well as if the drug can be combined with other types of medication. Thus a label can restrict usage substantially.

Due to the risks and uncertainties involved in progressing through pre-clinical development and clinical trials, and the time and cost involved in obtaining regulatory approvals, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing, completion dates and costs of the efforts necessary to complete the development.

Given the uncertainties related to the process of product development, during the periods presented in our 2019 Form 20-F no single project in product development was significant based on the qualitative and quantitative criteria. However, during the periods presented two groups of projects were considered significant; the Diabetes and Obesity care group and the Biopharm group.

Reference is made to the caption ‘Risk factors’ contained under Item 3.

D. TREND INFORMATION

The key drivers behind Novo Nordisk’s performance continue to be the changes in demographics globally reflecting a continuous growth in the proportion of people who live in cities (urbanization), an increasing proportion of elderly people and a growing problem of obesity. These trends have contributed to the significant increase in the number of people with diabetes worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation, the number of people with diabetes is expected to increase to around 700 million by 2045 from 463 million in 2019. Diabetes and Obesity care is Novo Nordisk’s largest segment comprising more than 84% of sales. The epidemic growth in the number of people with diabetes, continuing transition from older to newer insulin generations, new delivery devices and market share gains are all driving Novo Nordisk’s growth within the Diabetes and Obesity care segment. Further, the roll-out of a number of new products within Diabetes and Obesity care (Ozempic ^® , Rybelsus ^® , Tresiba ^® , Ryzodeg ^® , Xultophy ^® , Fiasp ^® and Saxenda ^® ) are expected drivers of sales in the segment.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

In the United States, significant sales rebates are paid in connection with public healthcare insurance programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, as well as rebates to pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) and managed care organizations. Key customers in the United States include private payers, PBMs and government payers. Increasingly, PBMs and managed care organizations play a key role in negotiating price concessions with drug manufacturers on behalf of payers for both the commercial and government channels and determining the list of drugs covered in the health plan’s formulary. Specifically, there are three primary drivers:


•	Competitive pressure from other manufacturers' diabetes products


•	Payer pressure to reduce the overall drug costs has resulted in continued focus on negotiating higher rebates from drug manufacturers. Private payers remain keen to adopt narrow formularies that exclude certain drugs, while securing increased rebates from the preferred brands.


•	Recent industry consolidation among payers has over time led to increasing pricing pressure for pharmaceutical companies.

In 2019 , payers continued to leverage their size and control to demand higher rebates, particularly in the basal insulin segment. As a result, average prices after rebates for the Novo Nordisk portfolio in 2019 in the United States declined. In addition, legislative changes to Medicare Part D resulted in further lower realized prices.

For 2020 , average prices after rebates are expected to decline further compared with 2019 prices, predominantly driven by the insulin class and the funding of the Medicare Part D coverage gap, which has been changed based on a new legislation with effect from 2020. Importantly, market access for Novo Nordisk’s products is expected to remain at a level similar to that experienced in 2019. In addition, Novo Nordisk has from 2, January 2020 expanded its insulin affordability offerings in the USA to help people with diabetes who need alternative solutions.

The other segment of Novo Nordisk is Biopharm, which comprises haemophilia care, growth hormone therapy and hormone replacement therapy. In 2019 , haemophilia sales increased due to continued uptake of NovoEight ^® and Refixia ^® /Rebinyn ^® both in North America and across markets where launched in International Operations. Sales of NovoSeven ^® and growth disorder products increased moderately.

For further information on trends, reference is made to the section ‘2019 performance and 2020 outlook’ on pages 20-28 in our Annual Report 2019 . Information about expectations for the financial year 2020 can be found on page 23 in the subsection ‘Outlook 2020 ’.

E. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

Reference is made to Note 4.3 ‘Financial risks’ and Note 5.2 ‘Commitments’ in our Annual Report 2019 .

F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Reference is made to Note 5.2 ‘Commitments’ in our Annual Report 2019 .

ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT

Reference is made to pages 38-39 in our Annual Report 2019 for name, position and period of service as director for the members of the Board of Directors.

As of April 2019, Jesper Brandgaard retired from Novo Nordisk and Ludovic Helfgott was appointed executive vice president, head of Biopharm. As of August 2019, Monique Carter was appointed executive vice president, head of People & Organisation and Lars Green resigned from Novo Nordisk.

Reference is made to page 40 in our Annual Report 2019 for name, position, age and other management duties for the members of Executive Management. Business experience, year of appointment and year of joining Novo Nordisk for each member of Executive Management are included below:



Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen President and chief executive officer (CEO) Mr Jørgensen joined Novo Nordisk in 1991 as an economist in Health Care, Economy & Planning and has over the years completed overseas postings in the Netherlands, the US and Japan. In 2004 he was appointed senior vice president for IT & Corporate Development. In January 2013 he was appointed executive vice president and chief information officer assuming responsibility for IT, Quality & Corporate Development. In November 2014 he took over the responsibilities for Corporate People & Organisation and Business Assurance and became chief of staff. Mr Jørgensen was appointed president and chief executive officer in January 2017.	Monique Carter Executive vice president and head of People & Organisation Ms Carter joined Novo Nordisk in November 2018 as SVP for Global People and Organization and was promoted to executive vice president in August 2019. Prior to joining Novo Nordisk Ms Carter was Group HR Director and member of the Executive committee at GKN plc, UK. Ms Carter was at GKN plc from 2014 to 2018. Ms Carter worked in the chemicals industry from 2005 to 2014 starting with ICI plc, UK (which later became part of Akzo Nobel, the Netherlands). Ms Carter later moved to Singapore to head up the APAC Regional HR while in the Decorative paints division of ICI plc. In 2010 Ms Carter became leading HR for the specialty chemicals businesses of AkzoNobel in the Netherlands after the acquisition of ICI plc by Akzo Nobel. Prior to ICI plc, Ms Carter held HR positions in a number of international companies.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES



Maziar Mike Doustdar Executive vice president and head of International Operations Mr Doustdar joined Novo Nordisk in 1992 as an office clerk in Vienna, Austria. From 1993 through 2007 he took up various positions in finance, IT, logistics, operations and marketing, within various parts of Novo Nordisk’s emerging markets, first in Vienna and subsequently in Athens and Zurich before he was appointed general manager of Novo Nordisk Near East, based in Turkey, in 2007. In 2010 Mr Doustdar was promoted to vice president of Business Area Near East and in 2012 he re-located to Malaysia to head the Business Area Oceania South East Asia. In 2013 he was promoted to senior vice president of Novo Nordisk’s International Operations, and in April 2015 Mr Doustdar was promoted to executive vice president, continuing his responsibility for Novo Nordisk’s International Operations. In September 2016 Mike Doustdar assumed additional geographical responsibility and was promoted to executive vice president for an expanded International Operations, leading all commercial units globally, except for USA and Canada.	Ludovic Helfgott Executive vice president and head of Biopharm Mr Helfgott joined Novo Nordisk in April 2019 as executive vice president and head of Biopharm. Mr Helfgott joined Novo Nordisk from AstraZeneca, UK, where he was global vice president in charge of the company's Cardiovascular, Metabolism and Renal global franchise, supervising both assets in development and on the market. He joined AstraZeneca in 2005 in an international sales effectiveness role and has since held operational leadership roles with increasing responsibilities in Italy, Spain and at corporate headquarters. Prior to this, Mr Helfgott was with McKinsey & Company in Paris, Moscow and Brussels from 1998 to 2005.

Karsten Munk Knudsen Executive vice president and chief financial officer (CFO) Mr Knudsen joined Novo Nordisk in 1999 as a business analyst in NNIT A/S, previously a subsidiary of Novo Nordisk, and has since held finance positions of growing size and complexity throughout the Novo Nordisk value chain. From 2010 to 2014 Mr Knudsen was corporate vice president for Finance & IT at Novo Nordisk Inc. in the US and in 2014 he was appointed senior vice president of Corporate Finance in Novo Nordisk. In February 2018 Mr Knudsen was promoted to executive vice president and chief financial officer. In April 2019 Mr Knudsen assumed further responsibilities as his area was expanded to cover Finance, Legal & Procurement.	Doug Langa Executive vice president and head of North America Operations Mr Langa joined Novo Nordisk in 2011 as senior director of Managed Markets. In 2015 Mr Langa was promoted to corporate vice president of Market Access in the US and in 2016 he was appointed Senior Vice President of Market Access in the US. In this role he was responsible for securing formulary access with key payer customers for Novo Nordisk brands. In March 2017 Mr Langa was appointed senior vice president, head of North America Operations and president of Novo Nordisk Inc., and in August 2017 Mr Langa was promoted to executive vice president, continuing his responsibilities as head of North America Operations and president of Novo Nordisk Inc. Mr. Langa represents Novo Nordisk Inc. on the Board of Directors of the trade association PhRMA. Mr Langa joined Novo Nordisk from GlaxoSmithKline, where he was the Senior Director of Payer Marketing. Prior to GlaxoSmithKline Mr Langa spent the majority of his career at Johnson and Johnson, where he held various roles of increasing responsibility within Managed Markets, Sales Leadership and Marketing.

Camilla Sylvest Executive vice president and head of Commercial Strategy & Corporate Affairs Ms Sylvest joined Novo Nordisk in 1996 as trainee. From 1997 to 2008 Ms Sylvest had roles in headquarters and regions within pricing, health economics, marketing and sales effectiveness. In 2003, she was appointed vice president of sales and marketing effectiveness in Region Europe. From 2008 to 2015 Ms Sylvest headed up affiliates and business areas of growing size and complexity in Europe and Asia and in 2013 she was also appointed corporate vice president. In August 2015 Ms Sylvest was appointed senior vice president and general manager of Novo Nordisk’s Region China. In this role she was responsible for the company’s activities in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. In October 2017 Ms Sylvest was promoted to executive vice president.	Mads Krogsgaard Thomsen Executive vice president and chief science officer (CSO) Mr Thomsen joined Novo Nordisk in 1991 as head of Growth Hormone Research. He was appointed senior vice president of Diabetes R&D in 1994 and in November 2000 he was appointed executive vice president and chief science officer. In this role, he is responsible for global drug and device research, CMC and global development, medical affairs, regulatory and safety within Novo Nordisk.

Henrik Wulff Executive vice president and head of Product Supply, Quality & IT Mr Wulff joined Novo Nordisk in 1998 in the logistic and planning function. From 2001 to 2008 he held different managerial roles within Novo Nordisk’s manufacturing organisation, Product Supply, before being appointed senior vice president of Diabetes API in Product Supply, Denmark. In 2012 Mr Wulff was appointed senior vice president of the worldwide division Diabetes Finished Products. In 2013 he was promoted senior vice president of Product Supply globally. In April 2015 Mr Wulff was promoted executive vice president and in 2019 with an expanded responsibility covering Global IT and Quality Assurance.

The Board of Directors has the overall responsibility for the affairs of the Company. Reference is made to pages 34-37 in our Annual Report 2019 .

The activities of the members of Board of Directors and members of Executive Management outside the Company are included in our Annual Report 2019 on pages 38-40.

There are no family relationships between the Board of Directors, Executive Management or between any of the members of the Board of Directors and any member of Executive Management. No director or member of Executive Management has been elected according to an arrangement or understanding with shareholders, customers, suppliers or others. As required by the Danish Companies Act, directors are elected at General Meetings by simple majority vote. In addition, four employee representatives are elected for a four-year term by the employees of Novo Nordisk A/S.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

B. COMPENSATION

Remuneration of the Board

Remuneration Principles

The Company’s Remuneration Principles provide the framework for the remuneration of the Board. Novo Nordisk Remuneration Principles may be found on our website at novonordisk.com (the contents of the website are not incorporated by reference into this Form 20-F).

In March 2019, the Annual General Meeting approved amendments to the Remuneration Principles in order to reflect that the Research & Development Committee had become a permanent Board committee. Moreover, the Annual General Meeting approved that travel allowance should be denominated in DKK instead of EUR in 2019.

There has been no deviation from the Remuneration Principles in the 2019 remuneration of the Board .

Remuneration composition

The remuneration of Novo Nordisk’s Board comprises a fixed base fee, a multiplier of the fixed base fee for the Chairmanship and members of the Board committees, fees for ad hoc tasks and a travel allowance.

Remuneration compensation



Remuneration	Board of Directors

Base fee

Board committee fee

Travel allowance

Fee for ad hoc tasks

Short-term cash-based incentive programme (STI)

Long-term share-based incentive programme (LTI)

Pension

Social securities taxes

Expenses

Other benefits

Severance payment

Base fee, Board committee fee, travel allowance and fee for ad hoc tasks

In 2019, the remuneration level was identical to that of 2018. No fees for ad hoc tasks were paid in 2019.

Social security taxes

In 2019, Novo Nordisk paid social security taxes imposed by authorities in the EU in relation to the Board members in line with the Principles.

Expenses

In 2019, Novo Nordisk reimbursed reasonable expenses relating to travel and accommodation for the Board members in line with the Principles.

Share-based incentive

In 2019, no stock options, warrants or participation in other incentive schemes were offered to the Board members, except for employee-elected Board members, who may be eligible to participate in ordinary share programmes as employees in Novo Nordisk.

Other benefits

The professional fees in connection with assistance on tax-related matters incurred by Board members based outside of Denmark are reimbursed. The Chair is provided with an office and secretarial support in Novo Nordisk’s headquarters in Bagsværd, Denmark.

Board and committee fee levels 2019



	Board		Audit Committee		Nomination Committee		Remuneration Committee		R&D Committee

	Multiplier	DKK	Multiplier	DKK	Multiplier	DKK	Multiplier	DKK	Multiplier	DKK

Chair	3.00	2,100,000	1.00	700,000	0.50	350,000	0.50	350,000	0.50	350,000
Vice chair	2.00	1,400,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Member	1.00	700,000	0.50	350,000	0.25	175,000	0.25	175,000	0.25	175,000



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

Travel allowances for Board members and committee members 2019



In home country with 5 hours or more air travel	Outside home country but on home continent	On another continent than the home country

DKK 37,500 per meeting	DKK 37,500 per meeting	DKK 75,000 per meeting

Board remuneration 2019

The table below includes the total remuneration of each Board member in 2019. The total remuneration for each Board member supports the main focus of the Board on corporate strategy, supervision, organisation and governance, thus contributing to the long-term interest of the company.

Actual remuneration of the Board 2019 ¹



DKK million	Fixed base fee	Fee for ad hoc tasks and committee work	Travel allowance	Total ⁴

Helge Lund ² (BC and NC)	2.1	0.4	0.6	3.1
Jeppe Christiansen (BV and RC)	1.4	0.4	0.1	1.9
Brian Daniels (RDM and RM)	0.7	0.4	0.4	1.5
Laurence Debroux ³ (AM)	0.5	0.3	0.3	1.1
Andreas Fibig (AM)	0.7	0.4	0.3	1.4
Sylvie Grégoire (AM, NM and RDM)	0.7	0.7	0.3	1.7
Liz Hewitt (AC and RM)	0.7	0.9	0.5	2.1
Mette Bøjer Jensen (NM)	0.7	0.2	0.1	1.0
Kasim Kutay (NM)	0.7	0.2	0.1	1.0
Anne Marie Kverneland (RM)	0.7	0.2	0.1	1.0
Martin Mackay (RDC)	0.7	0.4	0.3	1.4
Thomas Rantzau (RDM)	0.7	0.2	0.1	1.0
Stig Strøbæk (AM)	0.7	0.4	0.1	1.2

Total	11.0	5.1	3.3	19.4

BC = Board chair, BV = Board vice chair, AC = Audit Committee chair, AM = Audit Committee member, NC = Nomination Committee chair, NM = Nomination Committee member, RC = Remuneration Committee chair, RM = Remuneration Committee member, RDC = R&D Committee chair, RDM = R&D Committee member .

1. None of the Board members has received remuneration from companies in the Novo Nordisk Group other than Novo Nordisk A/S for this period. 2 . Novo Nordisk provides secretarial assistance to the Chair in Denmark. 3 . Ms Debroux was first elected in March 2019. 4 . Excluding social security taxes and other benefits paid by Novo Nordisk amounting in aggregate to less than DKK 1 million.

Remuneration of Executive Management

Remuneration Principles

The Company’s Remuneration Principles provide the framework for the remuneration of Executive Management. Novo Nordisk Remuneration Principles may be found on our website at novonordisk.com (the contents of the website are not incorporated by reference into this Form 20-F).

In 2019, the Annual General Meeting approved amendments to the Remuneration Principles in order to ensure that Novo Nordisk is able to reclaim incorrect payouts of incentives in case of a misstatement of data regardless of whether this originates due to wilful misconduct or gross negligence.

The 2019 remuneration of executives did not deviate from the Remuneration Principles.

Remuneration composition

Remuneration packages for executives comprise a base salary, a short-term cash-based incentive, a long-term share-based incentive, a pension contribution and other benefits.

The fixed remuneration enables the executives to take decisions with a long-term perspective in mind without undue considerations for short- or long-term incentives. The variable remuneration is designed to promote performance in line with the company’s strategy and to further align the interests of executives and shareholders .



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

Remuneration package components



Remuneration	Executive Management	Comments

Base salary		Accounts for approximately 15–35% of the total value of the remuneration package.*

Pension		Up to 25% of the base salary and short-term cash-based incentive.

Fee for committee work

Travel allowance

Fee for ad hoc tasks

Short-term cash-based incentive programme (STIP)		Up to 12 months‘ base salary plus pension contribution per year, typically based on base salary at the end of the year.

Long-term share-based incentive programme (LTIP)		Up to 18 months’ base salary plus pension per year for the chief executive officer and up to 13,5 months’ base salary plus pension contribution per year for the executive vice presidents. At the end of the vesting period the shares allocated may be reduced or increased by up to 30%.

Expenses		Reasonable expenses are reimbursed.

Other benefits		Executive Management receives non-monetary benefits such as company cars, phones etc. Executives on international assignments may receive relocation benefits.

Recruitment arrangements		When recruiting new executives who are not employed by Novo Nordisk at the time of employment the Board of Directors may grant a sign-on arrangement in the form of cash payment or share incentive programme.

Severance payment		Up to 24 months‘ base salary plus pension contribution. Executive Management contracts entered into before 2008 exceed the 24-month limit, but will not exceed 36 months‘ base salary plus pension contribution.

* The interval 15-35% denotes the span between 'maximum performance' and 'on-target performance' .

Base salary

In 2019, the base salary of the executives increased by 2% in general in line with other employees of the company. Further, the base salary of the Chief Executive Officer has been phased-in over a three-year period (year-over-year) as from 1 January 2017 with the last increase related to phase-in as of 1 January 2019. The base salary of Karsten Munk Knudsen has been phased-in from his EVP appointment as of 15 February 2018. Due to an expansion of responsibilities during 2019, the base salary of Henrik Wulff has been adjusted accordingly.

Pension

In 2019, executives were eligible for a defined contribution pension scheme of 25% of base salary and short-term cash-based incentive. No executive has a prospective entitlement to a defined benefit pension scheme.

Short-term cash-based incentive

For 2019, the Board determined that the maximum possible short-term cash-based incentive would be maximum 12 months’ base salary plus pension contribution for the chief executive officer, and 9 months’ base salary plus pension contribution for executive vice presidents. The performance was linked to the achievement of a combination of a number of predefined corporate and individual targets.

The corporate measures were aligned with the strategic priorities of the company and performance was assessed along the four dimensions: Sales, Operating profit, Market share and the execution of the strategic plan. Sales and operating profit performance have been solid. Market shares performance has likewise progressed positively. Targets linked to the execution of the strategic plan included sales execution, R&D, business development, digital health, organisational efficiency, environmental and organisational development.

Individual measures were linked to the personal leadership skills, the evolution of the culture of the company and business performance relating to the individual’s area of responsibility.

The Board has assessed the performance of the executives in relation to the business and individual targets. Based on this assessment the Board determined that the average short-term incentive for the executives was 100% of the maximum short-term incentive (84% in 2018). Consequently, the short-term incentive for the chief executive officer for 2019 was 12 months’ base salary plus pension contribution, while the average short-term incentive for the executive vice presidents (who have been registered executives in 2019 for the full year) was 9 months’ base salary plus pension contribution.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

Long-term share-based incentive

The executives have in 2019 participated in a long-term incentive programme consisting of a one-year performance period (2019) and a three-year vesting period (2020-2022). If the targets for economic value creation and sales growth were met, and at least 85% performance was reached for non-financial targets during the one-year performance period, the allocation of shares would correspond to 9 months’ base salary plus pension contribution for the chief executive officer and 6.75 months’ base salary plus pension contribution for the executive vice presidents. The maximum share allocation after the one-year performance period is up to 18 months’ base salary plus pension contribution for the chief executive officer and up to 13.5 months’ base salary plus pension contribution for the executive vice presidents.

In 2019, Novo Nordisk exceeded the target for economic value creation by 6%, primarily driven by higher underlying operating profit coupled with a net favourable currency impact. Sales were 2% above the target level in constant exchange rates. All of the non-financial targets were reached in 2019. On this basis, 82% of the maximum share allocation will be allocated to the executives. Thus, shares equalling 14.7 months’ base salary plus pension contribution have been allocated to the chief executive officer, whereas shares equalling 11 months’ base salary plus pension contribution have been allocated to the executive vice presidents. The shares allocated have a three-year vesting period (2020-2022). At the end of the vesting period the shares allocated to each executive may be reduced or increased by up to 30%. The reduction or increase will depend on whether the actual average annual sales growth during the three-year vesting period is lower or higher compared to a target determined by the Board.

Expenses

In 2019, executives received reimbursement for reasonable expenses in relation to travel etc.

Other benefits

In 2019, executives received non-monetary benefits in relation to company cars, phones etc. in line with the Remuneration Principles.

Recruitment arrangements

In 2019, no sign-on arrangements were agreed on or paid out to the registered executives.

Notice period and severance payment

As of 15 April 2019, former registered executive Jesper Brandgaard has retired from Novo Nordisk. Until April 2020 Jesper Brandgaard will, however, continue to provide certain services for Novo Nordisk. A severance payment of DKK 27.7 million is to be paid in April 2020.

Claw-back

In 2019, there was no legal or factual basis on which to exercise claw-back or request repayment of incentives for current or former executives.

Executive remuneration in 2019

The table below includes the total remuneration of each executive in 2019. None of the executives has received remuneration from companies in the Novo Nordisk Group other than Novo Nordisk A/S for this period. The fixed remuneration enables the executives to take decisions with a long-term perspective in mind without undue considerations for short- or long-term incentives. The variable remuneration is designed to promote performance in line with the company’s strategy. The variable remuneration is based on a number of targets that must be achieved before the incentive is released to the executive. Targets are aligned to short-term and long-term strategic priorities in the corporate strategy and thereby ensure that the long-term interests and the sustainability of the company are considered. The variable remuneration is provided as STI and LTI.

Actual remuneration of the Executive Management for 2019




DKK million	Base salary	Short- term incentive	Pension	Benefits	Total ⁶	Long-term incentive ⁷	Total	Fixed	Variable	Total

Executive Management
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen - President and CEO	13.9	13.9	7.0	0.3	35.1	19.7	54.8	17.7	37.1	54.8
Monique Carter ¹ - People & Organisation	1.3	1.3	0.6	0.7	3.9	2.1	6.0	2.3	3.7	6.0
Karsten Munk Knudsen - Finance, Legal & Procurement	5.1	3.9	2.3	0.3	11.6	5.6	17.2	6.7	10.5	17.2
Camilla Sylvest - Commercial Strategy & Corporate Affairs	5.2	3.9	2.3	0.3	11.7	5.6	17.3	6.8	10.5	17.3
Mads Krogsgaard Thomsen - Research & Developement	7.2	5.4	3.2	0.3	16.1	7.7	23.8	9.3	14.5	23.8
Henrik Wulff - Product Supply, Quality & IT	5.9	4.6	2.6	0.3	13.4	6.2	19.6	7.7	11.9	19.6
Non-registered executives ^{4, 5}	17.2	19.0	5.7	1.2	43.1	17.9	61.0	21.7	39.3	61.0
Former executives:
Jesper Brandgaard ²	2.1	1.3	0.8	0.1	4.3	2.2	6.5	2.7	3.8	6.5
Lars Green ³	3.5	2.2	1.4	0.2	7.3	—	7.3	4.6	2.7	7.3

Executive Management in total	61.4	55.5	25.9	3.7	146.5	67.0	213.5	79.5	134.0	213.5

1. Effective August 2019, Monique Carter became executive vice president in Novo Nordisk’s Executive Management. Amounts in the table include remuneration from the effective date in 2019 with the exception of short-term incentive, which covers the full year. 2. Jesper Brandgaard retired from Novo Nordisk in April 2019. U ntil April 2020 Jesper Brandgaard will continue to provide certain services for Novo Nordisk. Remuneration of Jesper Brandgaard from January to April 2019 is included in the above table. 3 . Effective from 31 August 2019, Lars Green decided to leave Novo Nordisk. The remuneration of Lars Green from January to August 2019 is included in the table above. 4 . On 1 April 2019, Novo Nordisk’s Executive Management was expanded to include Ludovic Helfgott. Amounts in the table include remuneration from 1 April 2019. 5 . Includes remuneration for Maziar Mike Doustdar, Ludovic Helfgott and Doug Langa. Maziar Mike Doustdar, Ludovic Helfgott and Doug Langa received benefits and recruitment arrangements in accordance with their contracts and local guidelines. The benefits and recruitment arrangements received in 2019 not included in the above table amounted to DKK 10.7 million (DKK 0.9 million in 2018). 6. Excluding social security taxes paid amounting to DKK 2.7 million (DKK 1.2 million in 2018) for Executive Management 7 . The shares are locked up for three years before they are transferred to the participants employed at the end of the three-year period. The value is the cash amount of the long-term incentive granted in the year using the grant-date market value of Novo Nordisk B shares. For shares allocated for the 2019 performance, the amount of shares may potentially be reduced or increased depending on whether the actual average annual sales growth during in the three-year vesting period is lower or higher compared to a target determined by the Board.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

The difference in the total remuneration to executive management in the above table compared to note 2.4 - Employee Cost in Novo Nordisk Annual Report 2019 is mainly related to long-term incentives. The disclosure in note 2.4 is based on IFRS recognition principles where the long-term incentive programmes are expensed over the grant year and the subsequent 3 years of vesting. The long-term incentive included in the above table is the total cost of the 2019 programme.

Long-term incentive programme 2019

Long-term incentive programme 2019 - targets



										Months of base salary equivalent
	KPI	KPI weight		Measure	Achievement	Outcome		Performance		CEO		EVP

	Economic value creation
	Long-term incentive target basis (100%)									4.5		3.4
Financial targets	2019 economic value creation	50	%	Degree of target achievement index 90-110		106	%	158	%	7.1		5.3
	Sales growth
	Long-term incentive target basis (100%)									4.5		3.4
	2019 sales growth	50	%	Degree of target achievement index 97-103		102	%	169	%	7.6		5.7
	Total financial targets	100	%			104	%	163	%	14.7		11.0

Non- financial targets	R&D: Achievement of marketing authorisation for specific product	20	%	Target achievement below 85% results in a reduction		100	%
	R&D: Successful achievement of milestones in clinical trial	10	%			100	%
	R&D: Successful achievement of milestones in clinical trial	10	%			100	%
	R&D: Progress in the pipeline within other chronic diseases	10	%			100	%
	R&D: Submission of product files to the regulatory authorities in the US and Europe of a certain product	10	%			100	%
	R&D: Achievement of marketing authorisation in the EU and the US for specific product	10	%			100	%
	Environmental: Contracts in place to increase use of renewable energy	10	%			100	%
	Societal: Progress in societal activities	10	%			100	%
	Efficiency: Progress in organisational development	10	%			100	%
	Total non-financial targets	100	%			100	%			No reduction		No reduction

	Total months allocated									14.7		11.0
	Maximum allocation, months									18.0		13.5
	Performance as percentage of maximum									82	%	82	%
	Performance as percentage of target									163	%	163	%

Based on the company’s performance in relation to the KPIs in the long-term incentive programme, the executives are entitled to 82% of the maximum. The shares allocated to the executives are described in table below. The shares allocated to the executives under the long-term incentive programme for 2019 are subject to a three-year vesting period where the shares allocated might be reduced or increased by up to 30%. The reduction or increase will depend on whether the actual average annual sales growth during the three-year vesting period is lower or higher compared to a target determined by the Board.

Long-term incentive programmes 2017-2019 – unvested shares

Executives have been eligible to participate in long-term share-based incentive programmes in 2017-2019. The table below includes an overview of allocated but not yet vested shares to each executive. All information included in the table, including the number of shares and the calculation of value of the shares, is based on the allocation at the time of the establishment of the respective programmes. However, the number of shares allocated may be reduced or increased, depending on whether the performance of the company in the respective three-year periods deviates from targets determined by the Board. The performance of the company and consequently the number of shares to finally be granted to each executive will only be determined after the end of each of the three-year periods and, thus, below is not an expression of the actual value of each programme.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

Long-term incentive programmes 2017–2019 - unvested shares



	Grant date	Vesting date	Number of shares allocated ¹	Value per share at grant date	Total market value at launch (DKK million) ²	Months of base salary at year-end equivalent

Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen
2017 Shares allocated	February 2017	February 2021	43,850	237	9.4	8.2
2018 Shares allocated	February 2018	February 2022	58,938	304	16.5	12.6
2019 Shares allocated	February 2019	February 2023	66,218	322	19.7	14.7

Monique Carter
2019 Shares allocated	February 2019	February 2023	6,895	322	2.1	8.2

Karsten Munk Knudsen
2018 Shares allocated	February 2018	February 2022	16,578	304	4.6	9.4
2019 Shares allocated	February 2019	February 2023	18,682	322	5.6	11.0

Camilla Sylvest
2017 Shares allocated	February 2017	February 2021	6,037	237	1.3	5.5
2018 Shares allocated	February 2018	February 2022	16,578	304	4.6	9.4
2019 Shares allocated	February 2019	February 2023	18,682	322	5.6	11.0

Mads Krogsgaard Thomsen
2017 Shares allocated	February 2017	February 2021	16,962	237	3.6	6.2
2018 Shares allocated	February 2018	February 2022	22,885	304	6.4	9.4
2019 Shares allocated	February 2019	February 2023	25,788	322	7.7	11.0

Henrik Wulff
2017 Shares allocated	February 2017	February 2021	13,751	237	2.9	6.2
2018 Shares allocated	February 2018	February 2022	18,421	304	5.2	9.4
2019 Shares allocated	February 2019	February 2023	20,757	322	6.2	11.0

Non-registered executives
2017 Shares allocated	February 2017	February 2021	23,496	237	5.0	5.5 to 6.2
2018 Shares allocated	February 2018	February 2022	36,842	304	10.4	9.4
2019 Shares allocated	February 2019	February 2023	60,196	322	17.9	11.0

Former registered executives - Jesper Brandgaard ³
2017 Shares allocated	February 2017	February 2021	16,962	237	3.6	6.2
2018 Shares allocated	February 2018	February 2022	22,885	304	6.4	9.4
2019 Shares allocated	February 2019	February 2023	7,522	322	2.2	3.2

1. For the long-term incentive programme for 2017 performance, the maximum share allocation for the chief executive officer was 12 months’ fixed base salary plus pension contribution and 9 months’ fixed base salary plus pension contribution for the executive vice presidents. In the three-year vesting period, the number of allocated shares may potentially be reduced in the event of lower-than-planned value creation in subsequent years. For the long-term incentive programmes for 2018 performance and 2019 performance, the maximum share allocation for the chief executive officer was 18 months’ fixed base salary plus pension contribution and 13.5 months’ fixed base salary plus pension contribution for the executive vice presidents. For shares allocated for the 2018 and 2019 long-term-incentive programmes, the number of shares may potentially be reduced or increased depending on whether the actual average annual sales growth during the three-year vesting period is lower or higher compared to a target determined by the Board. 2. The share price used to calculate market value at launch is adjusted for expected dividend. 3. Jesper Brandgaard retired from Novo Nordisk in April 2019. Until April 2020 Jesper Brandgaard will continue to provide certain services for Novo Nordisk. Remuneration of Jesper Brandgaard from January to April 2019 is included in the above table.

C. BOARD PRACTICES

Reference is made to ‘Corporate governance’ on pages 34-37 in our Annual Report 2019 regarding board practices. The year of election for each member of the Board of Directors is included in our Annual Report 2019 on pages 38-39. The year of appointment for each member of Executive Management is included in Item 6A.

D. EMPLOYEES

Reference is made to the section entitled ‘Employees’ on page 26 and ‘Performance highlights’ on pages 6-7 in our Annual Report 2019 regarding the total number of full-time employees in Novo Nordisk at year-end for the years 2015–2019.



EMPLOYEES	2019		2018		2017
Employees outside Denmark as a percentage of total number of employees	61	%	60	%	59	%

Executive Management believes that the Company has a good relationship with its employees in general and with the labor unions of the Novo Nordisk employees.

Novo Nordisk believes that the current personnel policy results in low staff turnover, high engagement, and ease in recruiting new employees. The Company has not experienced any significant labor disputes.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

E. SHARE OWNERSHIP

As of February 4, 2020 the Board of Directors and Executive Management owned 558,790 B shares.

Shareholding by the Board

As of 31 December 2019, the Board held shares in Novo Nordisk as follows:



	At the beginning of the year ¹	Additions during the year	Sold/transferred during the year		At the end of the year	Market value ² DKK million

Helge Lund ³	3,000	—	—		3,000	1.2
Jeppe Christiansen	23,779	—	—		23,779	9.2
Brian Daniels	2,100	—	—		2,100	0.8
Laurence Debroux	—	—	—		—	—
Andreas Fibig	—	—	—		—	—
Sylvie Grégoire	1,875	—	—		1,875	0.7
Liz Hewitt	3,350	—	—		3,350	1.3
Mette Bøjer Jensen	1,340	50	—		1,390	0.5
Kasim Kutay	—	—	—		—	—
Anne Marie Kverneland	9,720	50	(154	)	9,616	3.7
Martin Mackay	2,000	—	—		2,000	0.8
Thomas Rantzau	632	50	—		682	0.3
Stig Strøbæk	2,050	50	—		2,100	0.8

Board of Directors in total	49,846	200	(154	)	49,892	19.3

1. Following the change in the Board of Directors, the holding of shares at the beginning of the year has been updated compared with the Annual Report 2018. For new members shareholdings are included from the day they became members of the Board of Directors. 2. Calculation of market value is based on the quoted share price of DKK 386.65 at the end of the year. 3. In addition, Helge Lund holds 3,000 shares through Inkerman Holding AS, Norway.

Shareholdings by Executive Management

As of 31 December 2019, Executive Management held shares in Novo Nordisk as follows:



	At the beginning of the year ¹	Additions during the year	Sold/transferred during the year		At the end of the year	Market value ¹ DKK million	Minimum shareholding requirement met ³

Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen	132,628	17,700	—		150,328	58.1	Yes
Monique Carter	—	3,025	—		3,025	1.2	N/A
Karsten Munk Knudsen	47,002	7,813	(7,813	)	47,002	18.2	Yes
Camilla Sylvest	2,133	2,550	—		4,683	1.8	Yes
Mads Krogsgaard Thomsen	223,135	21,818	(40,178	)	204,775	79.2	Yes
Henrik Wulff	57,575	11,737	—		69,312	26.8	Yes
Non-registered executives	17,304	23,379	(10,910	)	29,773	11.5	Yes

Executive Management in total	479,777	88,022	(58,901	)	508,898	196.8

1. Calculation of market value is based on the quoted share price of DKK 386.65 at the end of the year. 2. To further align the interests of the shareholders and executives, the chief executive officer should hold Novo Nordisk B shares corresponding to two times the annual gross salary, and the executive vice presidents should hold shares corresponding to one time the annual gross salary. Basis for calculation of the annual gross salary for an individual executive for a given year is defined as 12 times fixed monthly base salary plus 25% pension contribution as of 1 April 2019. The minimum shareholding requirement is generally phased in over a five year period following the year of appointment. When an executive's holding of shares is calculated, both vested and non-vested shares (ADRs) are included such as personally owned shares in deposit and non-vested shares from the long-term share-based incentive programme .

In the period from January 1, 2020 until February 4, 2020 , no B shares were sold or purchased by the members of the Board of Directors or Executive Management. The internal rules on trading in Novo Nordisk securities by members of the Board of Directors and Executive Management only permit trading in the 15 calendar day period following each quarterly earnings announcement.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 7 MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Long-term incentive programme 2016 – vested shares

The members of Executive Management in 2016 have participated in a long-term incentive programme consisting of a one-year performance period (2016) and a three-year vesting period (2017-2019).

The shares allocated after the one-year performance period (2016) have been locked up for a three-year period. The number of shares has not subsequently been reduced by the Board as the financial performance in the vesting period reached specified threshold levels. Hence, the original number of shares allocated after the one-year performance period will on 5 February 2020 be transferred to current and former executives as specified in the table below. No dividend has been paid to the executives during the one-year performance period or the three-year vesting period.

Long-term incentive programme 2016 - vested shares



	Number of shares	Market value ¹ (DKK million)

Executive Management
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen	4,729	1.8
Monique Carter	—	—
Karsten Munk Knudsen	2,058	0.8
Camilla Sylvest	1,842	0.7
Mads Krogsgaard Thomsen	5,246	2.0
Henrik Wulff	4,253	1.7
Non-registered executives	4,170	1.6

Executive Management in total	22,298	8.6

1. The market value of the shares released in 2020 is based on the Novo Nordisk B share price of DKK 386.65 at the end of 2019.

For further information on the Executive Management’s grant of shares, reference is made to note 5.1 'Share-based payment schemes' in our Annual Report 2019 . The members of the Board of Directors and Executive Management and key management executives in the aggregate hold less than 1% of the beneficial ownership of the Company.

ITEM 7 MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS

The total share capital of Novo Nordisk A/S is split into two classes, A shares and B shares, each with different voting rights. The A shares have 200 votes per DKK 0.20 of the A share capital and the B shares have 20 votes per DKK 0.20 of the B share capital. Voting rights of treasury shares are suspended at the general meetings.

All of the A shares of Novo Nordisk A/S are held by Novo Holdings A/S, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Novo Nordisk Foundation (the ‘Foundation’). As of December 31, 2019 , the A shares represented approximately 74% of the total voting rights.

The Foundation is a self-governing and self-owned organization whose main purposes are to be a stable base for the business and research activities of the subsidiaries of Novo Holdings A/S, and to support medical research and other scientific, humanitarian and social objectives.

The purpose of Novo Holdings A/S in relation to Novo Nordisk A/S is to administer its portfolio of securities and minority capital interests and to administer and vote on the A shares and B shares in Novo Nordisk A/S, thereby creating a satisfactory financial return for the Foundation.

Under its statutes, the Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors, which must be comprised of at least six and not more than 12 members and at least two members must have a medical or scientific background. Members of the Foundation’s Board of Directors are typically nominated by the nomination committee and elected by a two-thirds vote of the members who have themselves been elected pursuant to the statutes. Any member can be removed as provided for in the Danish Act on Foundations (‘lov om erhvervsdrivende fonde’). In addition, employee representatives

are elected for four-year terms by the employees of the Foundation and of the subsidiaries of the Foundation, in accordance with Danish law. No person or entity exercises any kind of formal influence over the Foundation’s Board. The Foundation’s Board currently consists of nine persons, one of whom is also an employee elected member of the Board of Directors of Novo Nordisk A/S (Anne Marie Kverneland).

Under its statutes, Novo Holdings A/S is governed by a Board of Directors, which must be comprised of at least three and not more than nine members who are elected annually by shareholder vote. According to the Foundation’s statutes, its Board of Directors can and shall provide for members of its own Board of Directors to be elected to Novo Holdings A/S’s Board of Directors. Novo Holdings A/S’s Board of Directors currently has six members, with two directors who are also members of the Board of the Foundation (Steen Risgaard and Lars Rebien Sørensen) and one director who is also a member of the Board of Directors of Novo Nordisk A/S (Jeppe Christiansen). Moreover, the chief executive officer of Novo



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 7 MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Holdings A/S (Kasim Kutay) is also a member of the Board of Directors of Novo Nordisk A/S. The Chair of the Foundation’s Board of Directors (Lars Rebien Sørensen) serves as the Chair of Novo Holdings A/S’s Board of Directors.

A shares held by Novo Holdings A/S cannot be sold or be subject to any disposition so long as the Foundation exists. The dissolution of the Foundation or any change in its objectives requires the unanimous vote of the Foundation’s Board of Directors. Other changes in the Foundation’s statutes require the approval of two-thirds of the members of the Foundation’s Board of Directors. In addition, changes in the Foundation’s statutes require approval of the Danish foundation authorities. According to its statutes, the Foundation is required to maintain material influence over Novo Nordisk A/S and its majority vote in Novo Holdings A/S.

For further information reference is made to ‘Shares and capital structure’ on pages 32-33 in our Annual Report 2019 and to ‘Shares and capital structure’ on pages 44-45 in our Annual Report 2018 .

The B shares of Novo Nordisk A/S are registered with VP Securities A/S (‘VP Securities’) and are not represented by certificates. Generally, VP Securities does not provide the Company with information with respect to registration. However, set forth below is information as of January 31, 2020 with respect to (a) any shareholder who is known to the Company to be the owner of more than 5% of any class of Novo Nordisk A/S' securities and (b) the total amount of any class owned by Novo Nordisk A/S and its subsidiaries (treasury shares) and by the Board of Directors and Executive Management as a group:



Title of class	Identity of person or group	Shares owned		Percent of class	Percent of total votes

A shares	Novo Holdings A/S	537,436,000	*	100.00	74.26
B shares	Novo Holdings A/S	135,764,000		7.29	1.88
B shares	Novo Nordisk A/S and subsidiaries (treasury shares)	48,140,199	**	2.58	0.00
B shares	Board of Directors and Executive Management	558,790		0.03	0.01

*) The number of A shares is calculated as an equivalent of the trading size (DKK 0.20) of the listed B shares but is not formally divided into number of shares. The A shares are not listed on any stock exchange.

**) Treasury shares are included, however, voting rights of treasury shares cannot be exercised.

In 2017 and 2018 , shares with an aggregate purchase price of DKK 16.8 billion and DKK 15.6 billion, respectively, were repurchased under the Company’s share repurchase program.

In February 2019 , Novo Nordisk announced a new DKK 15 billion share repurchase program. Under this program and the previous share repurchase program completed in January 2019 , 44,942,205 shares corresponding to DKK 15.3 billion were repurchased during 2019 . The February 2019 share repurchase program was completed in February 2020 .

In February 2020 , Novo Nordisk announced a new DKK 17 billion share repurchase program to be executed during the following 12 months.

After the shareholders’ approval of the proposed reduction of Novo Nordisk A/S' share capital at the Annual General Meeting on March 21, 2019 , 50,000,000 shares were cancelled in April 2019 , reducing the number of treasury shares accordingly.

As no complete records of all holders of B shares exist, it is not possible to give an accurate breakdown of the holdings and number of holders of B-shares per country. It is, however, estimated that approximately 30% of the B share capital was held in Denmark as of December 31, 2019 . Approximately 31% of the B share capital is estimated to be held in North America. The estimated total number of shareholders is more than 250,000 of whom more than 200,000 are estimated to be Danish residents and more than 30,000 to be resident in the United States.

B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Related parties include the Novo Nordisk Foundation, Novo Holdings A/S, Novozymes A/S, Innate Pharma SA, Xellia Pharmaceuticals ApS (due to shared controlling shareholder, Novo Holdings A/S) and NNIT A/S being an associated company with shared controlled shareholding between Novo Holdings A/S and Novo Nordisk A/S. Novo Nordisk A/S has access to certain assets of and can purchase certain services from Novo Holdings A/S and Novozymes A/S and vice versa. All agreements relating to such assets and services are based on the list prices used for sales to third parties where such list prices exist, or the price has been set at what is regarded as market price. The material terms of these agreements are renegotiated on a regular basis. Bein g an associated company of Novo Nordisk A/S, Churchill Stateside Solar Fund XIV, LLC ('CS Solar Fund XIV') is considered a related party. Being an associated company of Novo Holdings A/S, Unchained Labs, Inc. is considered a related party to Novo Nordisk A/S.

Related party transactions in 2019 , 2018 and 2017 were primarily payments for services provided between the Novo Nordisk Group and the Novozymes Group, Xellia Pharmaceuticals ApS and transactions with associated companies. The overall financial impact of these related party transactions is limited.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 8 FINANCIAL INFORMATION

On June 2, 2017, Novo Nordisk A/S entered into an agreement with Innate Pharma SA under which Innate Pharma SA acquired an exclusive license to Novo Nordisk A/S's anti-C5aR antibody program. The terms of the agreement provided for an upfront payment of EUR 40 million, of which EUR 37.2 million was paid in Innate Pharma SA shares and EUR 2.8 million was paid in cash. Novo Nordisk A/S is eligible for up to an additional EUR 370 million by way of development, regulatory and sales milestone payments and to double digit royalties on future net sales. With the allocation of shares in Innate Pharma SA, Novo Nordisk A/S stake in the share capital of Innate Pharma SA is 15.5%.

As part of the share repurchase program for 2018 of DKK 15 billion, a number of transactions have been entered into with Novo Holdings A/S. On February 5, 2018, 3,087,410 shares were purchased from Novo Holdings A/S at a price of DKK 308.90 per share. On May 4, 2018, 3,415,895 shares were purchased from Novo Holdings A/S at a price of DKK 303.83 per share. On August 10, 2018, 3,120,644 shares were purchased from Novo Holdings A/S at a price of DKK 305.61 per share. On November 5, 2018, 4,401,051 shares were purchased from Novo Holdings A/S at a price of DKK 286.71 per share.

As part of the share repurchase program for 2019 of DKK 15 billion, a number of transactions have been entered into with Novo Holdings A/S. On May 7, 2019; 7,012,500 shares were purchased from Novo Holdings A/S at a price of DKK 318.71 per share. On November 5, 2019; 7,012,500 shares were purchased from Novo Holdings A/S at a price of DKK 379.14 per share.

On April 30, 2019, Novo Nordisk A/S announced a new USD 7 3 million investment in a solar panel installation in North Carolina, United States. Pursuant to such investment, a wholly owned subsidiary of Novo Nordisk A/S obtained a 99% ownership stake in Churchill Stateside Solar Fund XIV, LLC ('CS Solar Fund XIV'), which will lease the solar field from the project developer. CS Solar Fund XIV is a “structured entity” (i.e., an entity that has been designed such that voting rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity), and Novo Nordisk A/S does not control the company . T he investment is classified as an investment in an associated company.

Since December 31, 2019 , there have been no further significant transactions with related parties out of the ordinary course of business. For further information reference is made to Note 5.3 ‘Related party transactions’ in our Annual Report 2019 and Note 5.3 ‘Related party transactions’ in our Annual Report 2018 .

There have not been and there are no loans to members of the Board of Directors or Executive Management in 2019 , 2018 or 2017 .

C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL

Not applicable.

ITEM 8 FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The financial statements required by this item accompany this annual report in the form of our Annual Report 2019 (see Exhibit no. 15.1).

Legal proceedings

Reference is made to Note 3.7 ‘Provisions and contingent liabilities’ in the Annual Report 2019 regarding legal proceedings.

Dividends

At the Annual General Meeting in March 2015, the Board of Directors was granted an authorization to distribute extraordinary dividends. Hence the Board of Directors has been given authority to pay interim dividends without obtaining specific approval from the Annual General Meeting. In August 2019 Novo Nordisk paid out an interim dividend of DKK 3.00 per share.

At the Annual General Meeting scheduled for March 26, 2020 , the Board of Directors will propose a final dividend of DKK 5.35 for each Novo Nordisk A and B share. The total dividend for 2019 of DKK 8.35 includes both the interim dividend of DKK 3.00 for each Novo Nordisk A and B share which was paid in August 2019 , and the final dividend of DKK 5.35 for each Novo Nordisk A and B share to be paid in March 2020 . The total dividend increased by 2% in 2018 compared with the 2018 dividend of DKK 8.15 for each Novo Nordisk A and B share. The total dividend for 2019 corresponds to a payout ratio of 50.5%, which is similar to the payout ratio for Novo Nordisk’s peer group of comparable pharmaceutical companies in 2018 . No dividends will be paid on the Company’s holding of its treasury shares. For further information reference is made to ‘Shares and capital structure’, on pages 32-33 in our Annual Report 2019 .

B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

No significant events have occurred since the date of the annual financial statements. For description of important events and achievements in 2019 , reference is made to ´Introducing Novo Nordisk`, pages 1-7 and `2019 performance and 2020 outlook`, pages 20-28 in our Annual Report 2019 .



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 10 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ITEM 9 THE OFFER AND LISTING

A. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS

The Company's B shares are listed in Denmark on Nasdaq Copenhagen, and traded under the symbol "NOVO-B". The Company's ADRs are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "NVO".

See Exhibit no. 2.1 to this Form 20-F for a description of the B Shares.

B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Not applicable.

C. MARKETS

The Company’s share capital consists of A shares and B shares. As described above, the A shares are owned by the Novo Nordisk Foundation through its wholly-owned subsidiary Novo Holdings A/S and are not listed or traded on any stock exchange. The B shares have been publicly traded since 1974 and have been listed on Nasdaq Copenhagen since that time. Nasdaq Copenhagen is the main trading market for the B shares.

American Depositary Receipts representing the B shares (‘ADRs’), as evidenced by American Depositary Receipts issued by JPMorgan Chase Bank of New York, as the Depositary, have been listed on the New York Stock Exchange since 1981. As of December 31, 2019 , 199,776,393 B share equivalents (representing 11% of the outstanding B shares, adjusted for the treasury shares) were held in the form of ADRs.

D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS

Not applicable.

E. DILUTION

Not applicable.

F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE

Not applicable.

ITEM 10 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A. SHARE CAPITAL

Not applicable.

B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

See Exhibit no. 2.1. to this Form 20-F for a summary of certain material provisions of Novo Nordisk A/S’ Articles of Association, certain other constitutive documents and relevant Danish corporate law. See Exhibit 1.1 to this Form 20-F for a translation into English language of the Articles of Association.

C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS

There have been no material contracts outside the ordinary course of business.

D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS

There are no governmental laws, decrees, or regulations in Denmark (including, but not limited to, foreign exchange controls) that restrict the export or import of capital, or that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of the B shares or the ADRs.

There are no limitations on the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote the B shares or the ADRs imposed by the laws of Denmark or the Articles of Association of the Company.

E. TAXATION

Danish Taxation

The following summary outlines certain Danish tax consequences to U.S. Holders (as defined below):

Withholding Tax

Generally, Danish withholding tax is deducted from dividend payments to U.S. Holders at a 27% rate, the rate generally applicable to non-residents in Denmark without regard to eligibility for a reduced treaty rate. Under the current Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income (the ‘Current Convention’), the maximum rate of Danish tax that may be imposed on a dividend paid to a U.S. Holder that does not have a ‘permanent establishment’ (as defined therein) in Denmark is generally 15% and, for certain pension funds, 0% (each, the ‘Treaty Rate’). U.S. Holders eligible for the Treaty Rate may apply to the Danish tax authorities to obtain a refund to the extent that the amount withheld reflects a rate in excess of the Treaty Rate (any such amount, the ‘Excess Withholding Tax’).



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 10 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Any U.S. Holders of ADRs wishing to apply for a refund of Excess Withholding Tax will have to provide a Danish Claim for Refund of Danish Dividend Tax, a properly completed U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 6166 and additional documentation including: proof of dividend received; proof of ownership of the ADR and eligibility for the dividend received and proof that the dividend received was reduced by an amount corresponding to the Danish withholding tax. These documentation requirements may be expanded and may be subject to change. Refund claims must be filed within the three-year period following the date in which the dividend was paid in Denmark.

Information on tax reclaims, how they should be filed and the requisite tax forms may be obtained from:

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

c/o Globe Tax Services, Inc.

1 New York Plaza, 34th Floor

New York, New York 10004 USA

Phone: +1 (212) 747 9100

U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding dividend withholding tax refunds.

Sale or Exchange of ADRs or B Shares

Any gain or loss realized on the sale or other disposition of ADRs or B shares by a U.S. Holder that is not either a resident of Denmark or a corporation that is doing business in Denmark is not subject to Danish taxation. In addition, any non-resident of Denmark may remove from Denmark any convertible currency representing the proceeds of the sales of ADRs or B shares in Denmark.

U.S. Taxation

The following summary outlines certain U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. Holders (defined below) of owning and disposing of ADRs or B shares. A ‘U.S. Holder’ is a holder who, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a beneficial owner of ADRs or B shares that is eligible for the benefits of the Current Convention and is (i) a citizen or individual resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state therein or the District of Columbia, or (iii) an estate or

trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source. This discussion applies only to a U.S. Holder that holds ADRs or B shares as capital assets for U.S. tax purposes and does not apply to persons that own or are deemed to own ADRs or common shares representing 10% or more of the voting power or value of Novo Nordisk. In addition, this discussion does not describe all of the tax consequences or potentially different tax consequences that may be relevant in light of the U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, including tax consequences applicable to U.S. Holders subject to special rules, such as certain financial institutions, entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, persons subject to the provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations thereunder commonly known as the Medicare contribution tax, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax, or persons holding ADRs or B shares in connection with a trade or business conducted outside of the United States. This discussion is based, in part, on certain representations by the Depositary and assumes that each obligation under the deposit agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. This discussion assumes that the Company is not, and will not become, a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the holders of ADRs will be treated as the beneficial owners of the underlying B shares. Accordingly, no gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be recognized if a U.S. Holder exchanges ADRs for the underlying B shares represented by those ADRs or B shares for ADRs.

Taxation of Distributions

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions on ADRs or B shares received by U.S. Holders, before reduction for any Danish tax withheld, generally will be included in the U.S. Holder’s income as foreign source dividend income and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally available to U.S. corporations. The amount of any dividend income paid in Danish kroner will be the U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of the U.S. Holder’s, or, in the case of ADRs, the Depositary’s receipt of the dividend regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars at that time. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars after the date of receipt. U.S. Holders that receive a refund of Danish withholding tax after the dividend is received, as discussed above under the section ‘Danish Taxation – Withholding Tax,’ may be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss with respect to the amount of the refund. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding whether any foreign currency gain or loss should be recognized in connection with distributions on ADRs or B shares.

Subject to applicable limitations and conditions under U.S. federal income tax law, dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders may be taxable at favorable rates. In order to be eligible for the favorable rates, a non-corporate U.S. Holder must fulfill certain holding period and other requirements.

Subject to applicable limitations under U.S. federal income tax law, a U.S. Holder may be eligible to credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability Danish taxes withheld from dividends on ADRs or B shares at a rate not exceeding the applicable rate under the Current Convention. Danish taxes withheld in excess of the applicable rate under the Current Convention will not be eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder’s federal income tax liability. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex and, therefore, U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the availability of foreign tax credits in their particular circumstances. Alternatively, subject to applicable limitations, U.S. Holders may elect to



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 11 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

deduct Danish taxes withheld from dividend payments. An election to deduct foreign taxes instead of claiming a foreign tax credit must apply to all taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year to foreign countries and possessions of the United States.

Sale or Exchange of ADRs or B Shares

A U.S. Holder will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes on a sale or other disposition of ADRs or B shares, which will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder held the ADRs or B shares for more than one year. The amount of the gain or loss will equal the difference between the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the ADRs or B shares disposed of and the amount realized on the disposition, in each case as determined in U.S. dollars. Such gain or loss will generally be U.S. source gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Payments of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain U.S. related financial intermediaries may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding, unless (i) the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding.

The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle it to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.

Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals (and certain specified entities) may be required to report information relating to securities issued by a non-U.S. person or foreign accounts through which such securities are held, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for securities held in accounts maintained by U.S. financial institutions). U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding their possible reporting obligations with respect to the ADRs or B shares.

The foregoing sections offer a general description and U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers to determine the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of owning and disposing of ADRs or B shares in their particular circumstances.

F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS

Not applicable.

G. STATEMENTS BY EXPERTS

Not applicable.

H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY

Documents referred to and filed with the SEC together with this Form 20-F can be read and copied at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the United States Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms.

Copies of this Form 20-F as well as our Annual Report 2019 and Annual Report 2018 can be downloaded from the Investors pages at novonordisk.com. The contents of this website are not incorporated by reference into this Form 20-F. This Form 20-F is also filed and can be viewed via EDGAR on www.sec.gov.

I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 11 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

Financial exposure and financial risk management

For a description and discussion of the Company’s foreign exchange risk management, interest rate risk management, counterparty risk management and equity price risk management, reference is made to Note 4.3 ‘Financial risks’ and ‘ Managing risks to protect value ’ on pages 29-31 in our Annual Report 2019 .

Sensitivity analysis

When conducting a sensitivity analysis, the Group assesses the change in fair value on the market-sensitive instruments following hypothetical changes in market rates and prices. The rates used to mark-to-market the instruments are market data as of December 30, 2019 .

Interest rate sensitivity analysis

For information on Interest rate sensitivity analysis in the financial year of 2019 , reference is made to Note 4.3 ‘Financial risks’ in our Annual Report 2019 .

Foreign exchange sensitivity analysis

For information on Foreign exchange sensitivity analysis in the financial year of 2019 , reference is made to Note 4.3 ‘Financial risks’ and ‘ Managing risks to protect value ’ on pages 29-31 in our Annual Report 2019 .



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 12 DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

A. DEBT SECURITIES

Not applicable.

B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS

Not applicable.

C. OTHER SECURITIES

Not applicable.

D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

Novo Nordisk’s ADR program is administered by J.P. Morgan Depositary Receipts Group as Depositary, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 383 Madison Avenue, Floor 11, New York, United States.

The ADRs are traded under the code NVO on the New York Stock Exchange and the underlying security is the Novo Nordisk B share, NOVO-B on Nasdaq Copenhagen. Each ADR represents one deposited Novo Nordisk B share. One ADR carries the same voting rights as one Novo Nordisk B share. The Depositary distributes relevant notices, reports and proxy materials to the holders of the ADRs. When dividends are paid to shareholders, the Depositary converts the amounts into U.S. dollars and distributes the dividends to the holders of the ADRs. See Exhibit no. 2.1. to this Form 20-F for a description of the rights of holders of the ADRs.

The holder of an ADR may have to pay the following fees and charges related to services in connection with the ownership of the ADR up to the amounts set forth in the table below.



Service		Fee
Issuance or delivery of an ADR, surrendering of an ADR for delivery of a Novo Nordisk B share, cancellation of an ADR, including issuance, delivery, surrendering or cancellation in connection with share distributions, stock splits, rights and mergers		A maximum of USD 5.00 for each 100 ADRs (or portion thereof), to be paid to the Depositary

Distribution of dividend to the holder of the ADR		A maximum of USD 0.05 per ADR (or portion thereof), to be paid to the Depositary

Transfer of the Novo Nordisk B shares from the Danish custodian bank to the holder of the ADR’s account in Denmark		USD 20.00 cabling fee per transfer, to be paid to the Depositary

Taxes and other governmental charges the holder of the ADR has to pay on any ADR or share underlying the ADR		As necessary

J.P. Morgan, as Depositary, has agreed to reimburse certain reasonable expenses related to Novo Nordisk’s ADR program and incurred by Novo Nordisk in connection with the program. In the year ended December 31, 2019 , the Depositary reimbursed USD 4,109,485 for costs related to investor relations activities.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 13 DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

PART II

ITEM 13 DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

None.

ITEM 14 MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 15 CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

Novo Nordisk maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that Novo Nordisk files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management of the Company, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Novo Nordisk Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019 . Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of December 31, 2019 , the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, Management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Report of Novo Nordisk Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Novo Nordisk’s Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and effected by the Company’s Board of Directors, Management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Novo Nordisk Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 , using the criteria established in the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (‘COSO’). Based on this assessment, Novo Nordisk Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that, as of December 31, 2019 , the Novo Nordisk Group’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on criteria stated in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, Statsautoriseret Revisionspartnerselskab, Denmark, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears on page 41-42 of this Form 20-F.

Changes in internal controls over financial reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 16A AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTS

In March 2019 , the Board of Directors elected the following individuals to the Audit Committee: Liz Hewitt (Audit Committee Chair and financial expert), Laurence Debroux (Audit Committee member and financial expert), Andreas Fibig (Audit Committee member), Sylvie Grégoire (Audit Committee member) and Stig Strøbæk (Audit Committee member and employee representative).

As such, the Audit Committee is comprised of five members elected by the Board of Directors. One member is designated as Chair and two members, including the Chair, are designated as Audit Committee financial experts as defined by the SEC.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 16A AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTS

Four members qualify as independent as defined by the SEC and one member relies on an exemption. See item 16D below. The Chair and financial expert, Liz Hewitt, and financial expert, Laurence Debroux, are both independent as defined by the SEC.

ITEM 16B CODE OF ETHICS

Novo Nordisk has a vision and a set of essentials named the Novo Nordisk Way. The Novo Nordisk Way describes who Novo Nordisk as a company is, where Novo Nordisk wants to go and how its employees work. The Novo Nordisk Way is principle-based and describes corporate essentials and the required values and mindset of employees on business conduct and ethics including a number of the topics required by the Sarbanes–Oxley Act and the NYSE Listed Company Manual. In addition to the Novo Nordisk Way, a number of guidelines have been established including a Business Ethics Code of Conduct and related business ethics requirements on how to conduct business in Novo Nordisk are outlined. The Novo Nordisk Way and our Business Ethics Code of Conduct apply to all employees in Novo Nordisk including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

The Novo Nordisk Way and our Business Ethics Code of Conduct may be found on our website at novonordisk.com (the contents of the website are not incorporated by reference into this Form 20-F).

ITEM 16C PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Reference is made to Note 5.4 ‘Fee to statutory auditors’ in our Annual Report 2019 regarding fees paid to our statutory auditors.

Statutory Audit Fees

Statutory audit fees consist of fees billed for the annual audit of the Company’s Annual Report, the financial statements of the Parent Company, Novo Nordisk A/S, and financial statements of wholly-owned subsidiaries including audit of internal controls over financial reporting (Sarbanes–Oxley Act, Section 404). The fees also include fees billed for other audit services, which are those services that only the statutory auditor can provide, and include the review of documents filed with the SEC.

Audit-Related Fees

Fees for audit-related services consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s social and environmental reporting included in our Annual Report 2019 and also include consultations concerning financial accounting reporting standards.

Tax Fees

Fees for tax advisory services include fees billed for tax compliance services, tax consultations, such as assistance and representation in connection with tax audits and appeals and transfer pricing.

Other Fees

Fees for other services comprise fees billed for other permitted services such as compliance reviews in connection with healthcare laws and regulations and assessment of their impact on the distribution chain, review of IT security plans and preparation of Benchmark reports etc.

Pre-approval policies

The Audit Committee assesses and pre-approves all audit and non-audit services provided by the statutory auditors. The pre-approval includes the type of service and a fee budget. Furthermore, the Audit Committee receives a quarterly update on actual services provided and fees realized.

ITEM 16D EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

Novo Nordisk’s ADRs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the corporate governance rules of which require a foreign private issuer such as Novo Nordisk to have an Audit Committee that satisfies the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These requirements include a requirement that the Audit Committee be composed of members that are “independent” of the issuer, as defined in the Rule, subject to certain exemptions. Of the current five members of Novo Nordisk’s Audit Committee , four are considered independent and one member relies on an exemption. Stig Strøbæk is a current employee of Novo Nordisk who has been elected to the Board of Directors by the employees pursuant to the Danish Companies Act (in Danish: "Selskabsloven"). The Danish Companies Act requires any limited liability company with more than 35 employees on average over a three-year period to organize a vote in which the employees are entitled to decide whether they would like employee representation on the Board of Directors. Stig Strøbæk is not an executive officer of Novo Nordisk. Accordingly, his service on the Audit Committee is permissible pursuant to the exemption from the independence requirements provided for by paragraph (b)(1)(iv)(C) of Rule 10A-3. Novo Nordisk does not believe the reliance on such exemption would materially adversely affect the ability of the Audit Committee to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of the Rule 10A-3.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 16E PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS



	Total Number of Shares Purchased (a)*	Average Price Paid per Share in DKK (b)	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (c)	Maximum Approximate Value of Shares that may yet be purchased under the Plans or Programs in DKK (d)
2018 repurchase program
Status year end 2018**	45,842,630	300.75	45,842,630	1,212,618,952
January 1-31, 2019	3,913,282	309.87	49,755,912	13,625
Total***	49,755,912	301.47	49,755,912	13,625

2019 repurchase program				15,000,000,000
February 1-28, 2019	2,755,000	323.58	2,755,000	14,108,547,940
March 1-31, 2019	2,783,000	334.56	5,538,000	13,177,474,174
April 1-30, 2019	2,497,980	334.55	8,035,980	12,341,768,690
May 1-31, 2019	9,235,524	318.88	17,271,504	9,396,779,659
June 1-30, 2019	2,373,000	335.45	19,644,504	8,600,750,536
July 1-31, 2019	3,061,400	329.43	22,705,904	7,592,239,435
August 1-31, 2019	2,749,108	341.87	25,455,012	6,652,407,946
September 1-30, 2019	2,657,950	350.78	28,112,962	5,720,053,429
October 1-31, 2019	2,698,461	353.91	30,811,423	4,765,046,632
November 1-30, 2019	8,837,500	379.71	39,648,923	1,409,396,819
December 1-31, 2019	1,380,000	384.64	41,028,923	878,598,302
Total	41,028,923	344.18	41,028,923	878,598,302

*) All shares purchased through a publicly announced program.

**) Shares purchased under 2018 repurchase program during 2018 .

***) As of January 31, 2019 , Novo Nordisk had repurchased a total of 49,755,912 B shares equal to a transaction value of DKK 15 billion. The DKK 15 billion share repurchase program announced February 1, 2018 was thereby concluded.

Note to column (a) and (d)

The Board of Directors has been authorized by the Annual General Meeting to have the Company acquire up to 10% of the share capital at the price quoted at the time of the purchase with a deviation of up to 10%. This authorization is renewed annually at the Annual General Meeting. If the limit of 10% is reached, a number of shares would have to be cancelled before further purchases can be made. The cancellation of shares must be approved by the shareholders.

Under this authorization, a share repurchase program for 2018 of DKK 15 billion initiated in February 2018, was completed in January 2019 . A new share repurchase program for 2019 of DKK 15 billion initiated in February 2019 was completed in January 2020 . The shares have been purchased through a bank directly in the market or directly from Novo Holding A/S .

Column (a) shows shares Novo Nordisk purchased as part of our share repurchase program initiated in February 2018 (completed in January 2019 ) and our share repurchase program initiated in February 2019 .

Notes to columns (c) and (d)

In order to maintain capital structure flexibility, the Board of Directors intends to propose at the Annual General Meeting on March 26, 2020 , a reduction in the B share capital, by cancellation of 50 million shares (nominal value DKK 0.20) of current treasury B shares, to DKK 362,512,800 . This would correspond to a 2.08% reduction of the total share capital.

ITEM 16F CHANGE IN REGISTRANT'S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

Not applicable.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 16G CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Novo Nordisk A/S is a public limited company incorporated in Denmark and admitted to trading on Nasdaq Copenhagen. As a result, it follows the applicable Danish Corporate Governance Recommendations issued in November 2017 in respect of its corporate governance practices.

Novo Nordisk A/S has ADRs listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and is therefore required to comply with U.S. securities laws and regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards (the “NYSE Standards”) applicable to listed companies as described in the NYSE Listed Company Manual’s section 303A. As a foreign private issuer, Novo Nordisk A/S is permitted to follow the corporate governance practice of its home country in lieu of certain provisions of the NYSE Standards.

Novo Nordisk A/S complies with the requirements of the SEC and NYSE except that Novo Nordisk as a “controlled company” (a listed company of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, a group or another company) pursuant to section 303A.00 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual is not obliged to comply with sections 303A.01 (majority independent directors), 303A.04 (nominating/corporate governance committee) and 303A.05 (compensation committee) of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.

Moreover, Novo Nordisk A/S as a foreign private issuer is permitted to follow home country practice in lieu of sections 303A.02 (independence tests), 303A.03 (executive sessions), 303A.07 (audit committee), 303A.08 (shareholder approval of equity compensation plans), 303A.09 (corporate governance guidelines), 303A.10 (code of business conduct and ethics) and 303A.12 (a) (certification requirements).

Below is a list of practices followed by Novo Nordisk A/S as a foreign private issuer that differ from certain corporate governance requirements under the NYSE Standards:

Independence requirements

Under the NYSE Standards, listed companies must have at least a majority of independent directors and no director qualifies as “independent” unless the Board of Directors affirmatively determines that the director has no material relationship with the listed company (either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the Company).

Under the Danish Corporate Governance Recommendations, at least half of the elected members of the Board of Directors, excluding any members that have been elected by employees of the company, must be independent. Employees are entitled to be represented by half of the total number of Board members elected at the Annual General Meeting.

Under the NYSE Standards a director is not deemed independent if the director is, or has been within the last three years, an employee of the listed company, or an immediate family member is, or has been within the last three years, an executive officer, of the listed company. Rule 303A.02 defines ‘listed company’, for purposes of the independence standards, to include ‘any parent or subsidiary in a consolidated group with the listed company or such other company as is relevant to any determination under the independence standards set forth in this Section 303A.02(b)’.

Four employees have in accordance with the requirements in the Danish Companies Act been elected as board members by the Danish employees of the Company. One board member is an executive of Novo Holding A/S. No other board member or the board member’s immediate family members have within the last three years been an employee or executive of Novo Nordisk A/S or any parent or subsidiary in a consolidated group with Novo Nordisk A/S or received any fees from Novo Nordisk A/S.

The Board has determined whether board members qualify as independent under the Danish Corporate Governance Recommendations. The Board has also determined whether the board members, who are members of the Audit Committee, qualify as independent under Rule 10A-3 in the Securities Exchange Act. Such determination is disclosed in the Annual Report. Further, the Annual Report provides detailed and individual information regarding the board members, but it does not explicitly identify which board members the Board considers independent under the NYSE Standards.

Audit Committee

Under Section 303A.06 of the NYSE Standards, the Audit Committee in a listed company must be composed entirely of independent directors as set out in section 303A.02 and, in the absence of an applicable exemption, Rule 10A-3(b)(1). At a Board of Directors meeting immediately following the Annual General Meeting the members of the Audit Committee are elected. Novo Nordisk A/S' Audit Committee has five members. Four of the members satisfy the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act and section 303A.02 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual and one member relies on an exemption.

One Audit Committee member is an employee representative relying on the exemption from the independence requirements in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) provided for by paragraph (b)(1)(iv)(C) of Rule 10A-3. See Item 16D above for further details.

Further, Novo Nordisk’s Audit Committee, is among other things, responsible for oversight of and reporting to the Board of Directors on the elements described in section 303A.07(b)(i)(A) of the NYSE Listed Company Manual. However, with respect to legal and regulatory requirements, the Audit Committee’s oversight responsibility only includes oversight of compliance with legal and regulatory requirements relating to business ethics compliance.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 16G CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Remuneration Committee

Pursuant to the NYSE Standards listed companies must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors. Compensation committee members must satisfy the additional independence requirements specific to compensation committee membership set forth in section 303A.02(a)(ii). The NYSE Standards states that in affirmatively determining the independence of any director who will serve on the compensation committee of the listed company’s Board of Directors, the Board of Directors must consider all factors specifically relevant

to determining whether a director has a relationship to the listed company which is material to that director’s ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a compensation committee member.

As a controlled company, Novo Nordisk A/S is exempt from the requirement to establish a separate compensation committee in the same manner as U.S. companies are. Novo Nordisk A/S has established a Remuneration Committee and at a Board of Directors meeting immediately following the Annual General Meeting the members of the Remuneration Committee are elected. When electing the members, the Board of Directors considers all factors relevant to determine whether the members of the Remuneration Committee have a relationship to the Company which is material to the director’s ability to be independent from management when performing its duties. At least a majority of the members of a board committee shall qualify as independent as defined by the Danish Corporate Governance Recommendations. Under the Danish Corporate Governance Recommendations, two members qualify as non-independent members, including the Chair, and two members qualify as independent members.

Hence, the composition of the Remuneration Committee does not conform to the Danish Corporate Governance Recommendations. This is due to the fact that the Board of Directors finds that it is beneficial for Novo Nordisk A/S that the composition of the Remuneration Committee allows a member from the Chairmanship, who is a representative of the main shareholder, as well as an employee representative, both of whom qualify as non-independent Board members, to remain on the Remuneration Committee while maintaining an operational structure of the Remuneration Committee with relatively few members.

Nomination Committee

Under the NYSE Standards listed companies must have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, which requirement does not apply to Novo Nordisk A/S as a controlled company. Novo Nordisk A/S has established a Nomination Committee and at a Board of Directors meeting immediately following the Annual General Meeting the members of the Nomination Committee are elected. Novo Nordisk A/S' Nomination Committee consists of two members who are independent, including the Chair, and two members who are non-independent. A majority of the members of a board committee shall qualify as independent as defined by the Danish Corporate Governance Recommendations. Hence, the composition of the Nomination Committee does not conform to the Danish Corporate Governance Recommendations. This is due to the fact that the Board of Directors finds that it is beneficial for Novo Nordisk A/S that the composition of the Nomination Committee allows a representative of the main shareholder, who qualifies as a non-independent board member, as well as an employee representative, who also qualifies as a non-independent board member, to remain on the Nomination Committee while maintaining an operational structure of the Nomination Committee with relatively few members.

Equity-compensation plans

Under Section 303A.08 of the NYSE Standards, shareholders must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions thereto, with certain limited exceptions. Novo Nordisk’s Remuneration Principles are approved by the Annual General Meeting and describe the framework for incentive programs for the Board of Directors and Executive Management. All incentive programs offered to the Board and/or Executive Management shall comply with this framework. However, under Danish law, the practice of voting on equity-compensation plans is not contemplated and accordingly, equity compensation plans are only subject to shareholder approval if they result in the issuance of new shares (and not if treasury shares are used).

Code of business conduct and ethics

Under Section 303A.10 of the NYSE Standards, listed companies must adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. Novo Nordisk has a global framework of rules and guidelines, including but not limited to the Novo Nordisk Way and a Business Ethics Code of Conduct, which describe the corporate principles on ethical business conduct. See Item 16B. While certain topics mentioned in the NYSE Listed Company Manual are addressed in this framework of rules and guidelines, there may be topics which are not covered.

CEO certification

Under Section 303A.12(a) of the NYSE Standards, each listed company's Chief Executive Officer must certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the listed company of NYSE Standards, qualifying the certification to the extent necessary. Novo Nordisk has opted to follow Danish law and regulations which do not contemplate such certifications. However, in accordance with NYSE Standards, Novo Nordisk will notify the NYSE promptly in writing if it becomes aware of any non-compliance with NYSE Standards applicable to the Company.

ITEM 16H MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 17 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PART III

ITEM 17 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

See response to Item 18.

ITEM 18 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The financial statements required by this item accompany this annual report in the form of our Annual Report 2019 (see Item 19).

Reconciliation of non-IFRS financial measures

In the Financial statements, Novo Nordisk discloses certain financial measures of the Group’s financial performance, financial position and cash flows that reflect adjustments to the most directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with IFRS. The inclusion of non-IFRS measures has been expressly permitted by the Danish Business Authorities and thereby exempted from the prohibition in Item 10(e)(1)(ii)(C) of Regulation S-K. However, these non-IFRS financial measures may not be defined and calculated by other companies in the same manner and may thus not be comparable with such measures.

The non-IFRS financial measures presented in our Annual Report 2019 are:


•	Free cash flow;


•	Cash to earnings;


•	Operating profit after tax to net operating assets;


•	Financial resources;


•	Sales growth in constant exchange rates; and


•	Operating profit growth in constant exchange rates.

Free cash flow

Novo Nordisk defines free cash flow as ‘net cash generated from operating activities’ less ‘net cash used in investing activities’ excluding net change in marketable securities. Free cash flow is a measur e of the amount of cash generated in the period which is available for the Board to allocate between Novo Nordisk's capital providers, through e.g. dividends, share repurchases and repayment of debt (excl. lease liability repayments) or for retaining in the business to fund future growth. Therefore, management believes that this non-IFRS liquidity measure provides useful information to investors in addition to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measure ‘Net cash generated from operating activities’.

With IFRS 16 'Leases' becoming effective 1 January 2019, lease payments transferred from 'net cash flow from operating activities' to 'cash flow from financing activities' (excluding interest expense). Effective from 1 January 2019, the definition of free cash flow was amended to also deduct the principal repayment on lease lia bilities. Accordingly the implementation of IFRS 16 had a neutral impact on free cash flow. The free cash flow outlook guidance for 2019 on page 22 in our Annual Report 2019 is calculated on the amended definition of free cash flow.

The following table shows a reconciliation of free cash flow to ‘Net cash generated from operating activities’.



Reconciliation of free cash flow		2019	2018	2017
DKK million

	Free cash flow	34,451	32,536	32,588
+	Net purchase of marketable securities	—	—	2,009
+	Net cash used in investing activities	11,509	12,080	6,571
+	Repayment on lease liability	822	—	—
=	Net cash generated from operating activities	46,782	44,616	41,168

Cash to earnings

Cash to earnings is defined as ‘free cash flow as a percentage of net profit’.

Management believes that Cash to earnings is an important performance metric because it measures the Group’s ability to turn earnings into cash and is, therefore, in the eyes of management a meaningful measure for investors to understand the development of the Group’s net cash generated from operating and investing activities. Because management wants this measure to capture the ability of the Group’s operations to generate cash, free cash flow is used as the numerator instead of net cash flow.

The following table shows the reconciliation of Cash to earnings to the most comparable IFRS financial measure ‘Cash flow from operating activities/net profit in %’:



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 18 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Reconciliation of cash to earnings		2019		2018		2017
DKK million

	Free cash flow	34,451		32,536		32,588
/	Net profit (as reported in the Annual Report)	38,951		38,628		38,130
=	Cash to earnings	88.4	%	84.2	%	85.5	%


	Net cash generated from operating activities	46,782		44,616		41,168
/	Net profit (as reported in the Annual Report)	38,951		38,628		38,130
=	Cash flow generated from operating activities / net profit in %	120.1	%	115.5	%	108.0	%

Operating profit after tax to net operating assets

Operating profit after tax to net operating assets is defined as ‘operating profit after tax (using the effective tax rate) as a percentage of average inventories, receivables, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and deferred tax assets less non-interest bearing liabilities including provisions and deferred tax liabilities (where average is the sum of above assets and liabilities at the beginning of the year and at year-end divided by two)’.

Management believes Operating profit after tax to net operating assets is a useful measure in providing investors and management with information regarding the Group’s performance. The calculation of the financial target Operating profit after tax to net operating assets is a widely accepted measure of earnings efficiency in relation to total capital employed. Management believes that the income level relative to total capital employed, as measured by Operating profit after tax to net operating assets, is an effective measure of increases or decreases, as the case may be, in shareholder value generation.

Solely for the purpose of calculating average net operating assets for 2019, year-end net operating assets for 2018 have been adjusted upwards by DKK 3,778 million to DKK 40,541 million, reflecting the recognition by Novo Nordisk of right-of-use assets of DKK 3,778 million as of 1 January 2019 in accordance with IFRS 16. Comparative figures for 2018 and 2017 have not been restated.

The following table reconciles Operating profit after tax to net operating assets with ‘Operating profit/equity in %’, the most directly comparable IFRS financial measure:



Reconciliation of Operating profit after tax to net operating assets		2019		2018		2017
DKK million
	Operating profit after tax	42,091		38,318		38,341
/	Average net operating assets	42,940		32,832		26,776
=	Operating profit after tax to net operating assets (as reported in the Annual Report) in %	98.0	%	116.7	%	143.2	%



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 18 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



		2019		2018		2017
DKK million
	Numerator Reconciliation of Operating profit after tax to Operating profit
	Operating profit after tax	42,091		38,318		38,341
/	(1 minus effective tax rate) in %	80.2	%	81.1	%	78.3	%
=	Operating profit (as reported in the Annual Report)	52,483		47,248		48,967
	Denominator
	Reconciliation of Average non-interest bearing balance sheet items to Equity
	Non-interest bearing balance sheet items at the beginning of the year	40,541		28,900		24,651
+	Non-interest bearing balance sheet items at the end of the year	45,339		36,763		28,900
/	2
=	Average non-interest bearing balance sheet items as used in Operating profit after tax to net operating assets*	42,940		32,832		26,776

	Non-interest bearing balance sheet items at the end of the year	45,339		36,763		28,900
+	Investment in associated company	474		531		784
+	Other financial assets	1,334		1,242		978
+	Derivative financial instruments	188		204		2,304
+	Cash at bank and in hand	15,475		15,638		18,852
—	Borrowings - non-current	(3,009	)	—		—
—	Borrowings - current	(1,474	)	(515	)	(1,694	)
—	Derivative financial instruments	(734	)	(2,024	)	(309	)
=	Equity (as reported in the Annual Report)	57,593		51,839		49,815

	Operating profit (as reported in the Annual Report)	52,483		47,248		48,967
/	Equity (as reported in the Annual Report)	57,593		51,839		49,815
=	Operating profit/Equity in %	91.1	%	91.1	%	98.3	%

* Average net operating assets for 2019 is calculated based on an adjusted net operating assets for 2018, which has been adjusted by the right-of-use assets of DKK 3,778 million as of 1 January 2019, following the implementation of IFRS 16. As a consequence, the net operating assets for 2018 has been adjusted to DKK 40,541 million for the calculation of the average net operating assets for 2019.

Financial resources

Financial resources at the end of the year is defined as the sum of cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year, undrawn committed credit facilities less bank overdrafts classified as liabilities arising from financing activities (part of borrowings).

Management believes that Financial resources is an important measure of the Group’s financial strength from an investor’s perspective, capturing the robustness of the Group’s financial position and its financial preparedness for unforeseen developments.



Reconciliation of financial resources		2019		2018		2017
DKK million
	Financial resources	26,394		26,697		25,348
—	Marketable securities	—		—		—
—	Undrawn committed credit facilities	(11,578	)	(11,574	)	(8,190	)
—	Borrowings (bank overdrafts)	595		506		—
=	Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year (as reported in the Annual report)	15,411		15,629		17,158



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 18 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Sales growth in constant exchange rates

Sales growth in constant exchange rates is defined as sales for the period measured at the average exchange rates for the same period prior year compared with Net sales for the same period prior year. The effect of changes in exchange rate is excluded. Price adjustments within hyperinflation countries as defined in IAS 29 ‘Financial reporting in hyperinflation economies’ are excluded from the calculation to avoid artificial growth in constant exchange rates.

Management believes that the sales growth in constant exchange rates is relevant information for investors in order to understand the underlying development in sales by adjusting for the impact of currency fluctuations.



Sales in constant exchange rates		2019		2018		2017
DKK million
	Net sales	122,021		111,831		111,696
+	Effect of exchange rate	(3,923	)	5,043		2,609
=	Sales in constant exchange rates	118,098		116,874		114,305
	Net sales previous year	111,831		111,696		111,780
	% increase/(decrease) in sales in constant exchange rates	5.6	%	4.6	%	2.3	%
	% increase/(decrease) in sales in reported currencies	9.1	%	0.1	%	(0.1	%)

Operating profit growth in constant exchange rates

Operating profit growth in constant exchange rates is defined as operating profit for the period measured at the average exchange rates for the same period prior year compared with Operating profit for the same period prior year. The effect of changes in exchange rates is excluded. Price adjustments within hyperinflation countries as defined in IAS 29 ‘Financial reporting in hyperinflation economies’ are excluded from the calculation to avoid artificially inflating growth in constant exchange rates.

Management believes that the operating profit growth in constant exchange rates is relevant information for investors in order to understand the underlying development in operating profit by adjusting for the impact of currency fluctuations.



Operating profit in constant exchange rates		2019		2018		2017
DKK million
	Operating profit	52,483		47,248		48,967
+	Effect of exchange rate	(2,607	)	3,098		1,770
=	Operating profit in constant exchange rates	49,876		50,346		50,737
	Operating profit previous year	47,248		48,967		48,432
	% increase/(decrease) in operating profit in constant exchange rates	5.6	%	2.8	%	4.8	%
	% increase/(decrease) in operating profit in reported currencies	11.1	%	(3.5	%)	1.1	%



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 19 EXHIBITS

A. ANNUAL REPORT

The following pages from our Annual Report 2019 , furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K, dated February 5, 2020 , are incorporated by reference into this Form 20-F. The content of websites, scientific articles and other sources referenced on these pages are not incorporated by reference into this Form 20-F.



	Page(s) in the Annual Report
Management Discussion and Analysis
Introducing Novo Nordisk		1-7
Our business		8-28
Pipeline overview		14-15
2019 performance and 2020 outlook		20-28
Managing risk to protect value		29-31
Shares and capital structure		32-33
Corporate governance		34-37
Board of Directors		38-39
Executive Management		40

Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Income statement and Statement of comprehensive income for the years ended 31 December 2019, 2018 and 2017		42
Consolidated Cash flow statement for the years ended 31 December 2019, 2018 and 2017		43
Consolidated Balance sheet as of 31 December 2019 and 2018		44
Consolidated Equity statement at 31 December 2019, 2018 and 2017		45
Notes sections in the Consolidated financial statements		46-75
Companies in the Novo Nordisk Group		75



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

ITEM 19 EXHIBITS

B. EXHIBITS

List of exhibits:



Exhibit No.	Description	Method of filing

1.1	Articles of Association of Novo Nordisk A/S	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on April 25, 2019.

2.1	Description of the rights of each class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities	Filed together with this Form 20-F

8.1	Companies in the Novo Nordisk Group	Incorporated by reference to page 75 of our Annual Report 2019 filed on Form 6-K dated February 5, 2020.

12.1	Certification of Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen, President and Chief Executive Officer of Novo Nordisk, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.	Filed together with this Form 20-F 2019

12.2	Certification of Karsten Munk Knudsen, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Novo Nordisk, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.	Filed together with this Form 20-F 2019

13.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.	Filed together with this Form 20-F 2019

15.1	Extracts from Registrant's Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019	Incorporated by reference to the portions of Registrant’s Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 5, 2020 identified in Item 19.a of this Form 20-F.

15.2	Extracts from Registrant's Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018	Incorporated by reference to the portions of the Registrant’s Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 4, 2019 identified in Item 19.a of the Form 20-F filed on February 4, 2019.

15.3	Consent of independent registered public accounting firm.	Filed together with this Form 20-F 2019

EX-101.INS	XBRL Instance Document	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 5, 2020.

EX-101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 5, 2020.

EX-101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 5, 2020.

EX-101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 5, 2020.

EX-101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 5, 2020.

EX-101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 5, 2020.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Novo Nordisk A/S

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Novo Nordisk A/S and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated income statement, statement of comprehensive income, equity statement and cash flow statement for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the Report of Novo Nordisk Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorisations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorised acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Sales rebates and discounts in the US business

As described in Notes 2.1 and 3.7 to the consolidated financial statements, sales to various customers in the US can fall under certain commercial and government mandated contracts and reimbursement arrangements, of which the most significant are Managed Care, Medicare, Medicaid and charge-backs to wholesalers. These arrangements gave rise to obligations to provide customers with sales rebates, discounts and allowances which are estimated and provided for when the related sales are recorded and recognised as deductions in sales. The provision for sales rebates and discounts amounted to DKK 30,878 million as of December 31, 2019, of which a significant portion relates to the US business. The estimates of unsettled sales rebate and discount obligations required significant judgement by management, as not all conditions are known at the time of sale. Significant rebates and discounts estimated by management are based on sales volume forecasts, historical experience and specific terms in the individual agreements.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to sales rebates and discounts in the US business is a critical audit matter are there was significant judgement by management due to significant measurement uncertainty in developing these provisions, as the provisions are based on assumptions using sales volume forecasts, historical experience and specific terms in the individual agreements. This in turn led to significant auditor judgement, effort and subjectivity, in applying procedures relating to these assumptions.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to provision for the US Managed Care, Medicare, and Medicaid rebate programs, including controls over the assumptions used to estimate these rebates. These procedures also included, among others, (i) developing an independent estimate of the rebates by utilising third-party information on price and market conditions in the US, the terms of the specific rebate programs, and the historical trend of actual rebate claims paid; (ii) comparing the independent estimate to management’s estimates; and (iii) testing rebate claims processed by the Company, including evaluating those claims for consistency with the contractual and mandated terms of the Company’s rebate arrangements.

Provision for legal disputes and contingent liabilities

As described in Note 3.7 to the consolidated financial statements, the provisions for legal disputes are recognised where a legal or constructive obligation has been incurred as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources that can be reliably estimated. The Company arrives at an estimate based on an evaluation of the most likely outcome and disputes for which no reliable estimate can be made are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The provision for legal disputes recognised in the consolidated financial statements amounted to DKK 2,375 million.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to litigations is a critical audit matter are there was significant judgement by management to estimate the provision for legal disputes by assessing the likelihood of loss being incurred and determining whether a reliable estimate of the loss can be made. Significant judgement is also required by management for disputes for which no reliable estimate can be made which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. This in turn led to significant auditor judgement and subjectivity in evaluating management’s assessment of the loss contingencies associated with legal disputes.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s evaluation of litigation claims, including controls over determining whether a loss is probable and whether the amount of loss can be reliably estimated, as well as financial statements disclosures. These procedures also included, among others, the discussion of the status of significant known actual and potential litigation with internal legal counsel and obtaining and evaluating confirmations from external legal counsel, evaluating the reasonableness of management’s assessment regarding whether an unfavorable outcome is probable and reliably estimable, and evaluating the sufficiency of the Company’s litigation contingency disclosures.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers

Statsautoriseret Revisionspartnerselskab

Heller up, Denmark

February 5, 2020

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1982.



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

SIGNATURES

The Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.

NOVO NORD ISK A/S



/s/ Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen		/s/ Karsten Munk Knudsen
Name:	Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen	Name:	Karsten Munk Knudsen
Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer	Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Bagsværd, Denmark

Dated: February 5, 2020



	Novo Nordisk Form 20-F 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Item 1 Identity Of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors Item 2 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable Item 3 Key Information Item 4 Information on The Company Item 4A Unresolved Staff Comments Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects Item 6 Directors, Executive Management and Employees Item 7 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions Item 8 Financial Information Item 10 Additional Information Item 9 The Offer and Listing Item 11 Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risks Item 12 Description Of Securities Other Than Equity Securities Item 13 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies Part II Item 14 Material Modifications To The Rights Of Security Holders and Use Of Proceeds Item 15 Controls and Procedures Item 16A Audit Committee Financial Experts Item 16B Code Of Ethics Item 16C Principal Accountant Fees and Services Item 16D Exemptions From The Listing Standards For Audit Committees Item 16E Purchases Of Equity Securities By The Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers Item 16F Change in Registrant's Certifying Accountant Item 16G Corporate Governance Item 16H Mine Safety Disclosure Item 17 Financial Statements Part III Item 18 Financial Statements Item 19 Exhibits

Exhibits

1.1 Articles of Association of Novo Nordisk A/S Incorporated by reference to the Registrants Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on April 25, 2019. 2.1 Description of the rights of each class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Filed together with this Form 20-F 8.1 Companies in the Novo Nordisk Group Incorporated by reference to page 75 of our Annual Report 2019 filed on Form 6-K dated February 5, 2020. 12.1 Certification of Lars Fruergaard Jrgensen, President and Chief Executive Officer of Novo Nordisk, pursuant to Section 302 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002. Filed together with this Form 20-F 2019 12.2 Certification of Karsten Munk Knudsen, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Novo Nordisk, pursuant to Section 302 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002. Filed together with this Form 20-F 2019 13.1 Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002. Filed together with this Form 20-F 2019 15.1 Extracts from Registrant's Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 Incorporated by reference to the portions of Registrants Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 5, 2020 identified in Item 19.a of this Form 20-F. 15.2 Extracts from Registrant's Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 Incorporated by reference to the portions of the Registrants Report furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on February 4, 2019 identified in Item 19.a of the Form 20-F filed on February 4, 2019. 15.3 Consent of independent registered public accounting firm. Filed together with this Form 20-F 2019

NVO 20-F Report ended Dec. 31, 2019

Exhibits