OPBK 10-Q Quarterly Report June 30, 2025

OP BANCORP

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opbk-20250630

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

________________________

FORM 10-Q

________________________

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 001-38437

OP BANCORP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


California						81-3114676
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1000 Wilshire Blvd ., Suite 500 , Los Angeles , CA						90017
(Address of principal executive offices)						(Zip Code)

( 213 ) 892-9999

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, no par value

OPBK

Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock as of July 31, 2025 was 14,885,614 .

Table of Contents


	Forward-Looking Statements	1

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	2
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
	Consolidated Statements of Income	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	7
	1 — Business and Basis of Presentation	7
	2 — Securities	7
	3 — Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans	10
	4 — Premises and Equipment	19
	5 — Servicing Assets	19

	6 — Borrowing Arrangements	20
	7 — Income Taxes	20
	8 — Commitments and Contingencies	#
	9 — Stock-based Compensation Plan	22
	10 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments	22
	11 — Derivative Financial Instruments	27
	12 — Regulatory Capital Matters	30
	13 — Earnings Per Share	31
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	53
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	54

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	56
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	56
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	66
Item 5.	Other Information	67
Item 6.	Exhibits	68

SIGNATURES		69

INTRODUCTION

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Form 10-Q") is filed by OP Bancorp, a California corporation and a registered bank holding company (“Company”) with respect to its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and business as of June 30, 2025. The Company’s primary business operations are conducted through its wholly owned subsidiary, Open Bank, a California chartered commercial bank (“Bank”), and unless the context requires otherwise, statements about the Company generally are intended to describe the consolidated operations of the Company and the Bank.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain matters set forth herein constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 3b-6 promulgated thereunder. All statements that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this report include comments about the Company’s current business plans and expectations regarding future operating results, as well as management’s statements about expected future events and economic developments, plans, strategies and objectives. All such statements reflect the current intentions, beliefs and expectations of the Company’s executive management based on currently available information and current and expected market conditions. Forward-looking statements can sometimes be identified by the use of forward-looking language, such as “likely result in,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “intends to,” or may include other similar words or phrases, such as “believes,” “plans,” “trend,” “objective,” “continues,” “remains,” or similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “can,” or similar verbs. Readers should not construe these statements as assurances of a given level of performance, or as promises that we will take the actions our management currently expects.

Our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those projected or could cause us to change plans or strategies or otherwise to take actions that differ from those we currently expect. The known risks and uncertainties that may have these effects are described in Part II, Item 1A, of this Form 10-Q, and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should read all forward-looking statements in the context of the foregoing and should not consider them to be reliable predictions of future events or as assurances of a particular level of performance or intended course of action. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

OP BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	16,592	$	12,267
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	188,796		122,676
Cash and cash equivalents	205,388		134,943
Available-for-sale ("AFS") debt securities, at fair value	175,000		185,909
Other investments	17,101		16,437
Loans held-for-sale	20,016		4,581
Net loans (net of allowance for credit losses on loans of $ 26,286 and $ 24,796 )	2,045,294		1,932,056
Premises and equipment, net	6,852		5,449
Accrued interest receivable	9,991		9,188
Servicing assets	10,572		10,834
Company owned life insurance	23,259		22,912
Deferred tax assets, net	12,633		14,893
Other real estate owned ("OREO")	1,237		1,237
Operating right-of-use assets	9,887		7,415
Other assets	26,365		20,159
TOTAL ASSETS	$	2,563,595	$	2,366,013

LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	565,683	$	504,928
Interest-bearing:
Money market and others	431,252		329,095
Time deposits greater than $250	643,350		565,813
Other time deposits	614,443		627,449
Total deposits	2,254,728		2,027,285
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") advances	50,000		95,000
Accrued interest payable	15,720		16,067
Operating lease liabilities	12,243		7,857
Other liabilities	17,186		14,811
Total liabilities	2,349,877		2,161,020
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock – no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock – no par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 14,885,614 and 14,819,866 shares issued and outstanding	72,984		73,697
Additional paid-in capital	11,484		11,928
Retained earnings	143,114		134,781
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	( 13,864 )		( 15,413 )
Total shareholders’ equity	213,718		204,993
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	2,563,595	$	2,366,013

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

OP BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited)



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands, except per share data)	2025		2024		2025		2024
INTEREST INCOME
Interest and fees on loans	$	34,263	$	30,605	$	65,952	$	60,747
Interest on AFS debt securities	1,437		1,590		2,933		3,050
Other interest income	1,965		2,162		3,639		3,473
Total interest income	37,665		34,357		72,524		67,270
Interest expense
Interest on deposits	17,475		17,343		34,083		33,018
Interest on borrowings	469		820		1,302		2,079
Total interest expense	17,944		18,163		35,385		35,097
Net interest income	19,721		16,194		37,139		32,173
Provision for credit losses	1,206		617		1,942		762
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	18,515		15,577		35,197		31,411
NONINTEREST INCOME
Service charges on deposits	1,017		793		2,017		1,405
Loan servicing fees, net of amortization	900		575		1,907		1,347
Gains on sale of loans	1,441		2,325		3,460		4,028
Other income	610		491		1,400		990
Total noninterest income	3,968		4,184		8,784		7,770
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits	9,075		7,568		17,851		15,409
Occupancy and equipment	1,584		1,660		3,165		3,315
Data processing and communication	306		530		602		1,017
Professional fees	418		406		825		801
FDIC insurance and regulatory assessments	506		378		993		752
Promotion and advertising	232		151		388		300
Directors’ fees	198		178		378		335
Foundation donation and other contributions	636		539		1,192		1,079
Other expenses	1,082		779		2,457		1,338
Total noninterest expense	14,037		12,189		27,851		24,346
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE	8,446		7,572		16,130		14,835
Income tax expense	2,113		2,136		4,237		4,173
NET INCOME	$	6,333	$	5,436	$	11,893	$	10,662
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")	$	0.42	$	0.36	$	0.79	$	0.70
DILUTED EPS	$	0.42	$	0.36	$	0.79	$	0.70

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

OP BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited)



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	6,333	$	5,436	$	11,893	$	10,662
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net changes in unrealized gains (losses) on AFS debt securities	( 186 )		( 127 )		2,047		( 1,428 )
Net changes in unrealized losses on cash flow hedges	( 136 )		( 254 )		( 498 )		( 254 )
Other comprehensive income (loss)	( 322 )		( 381 )		1,549		( 1,682 )
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	6,011	$	5,055	$	13,442	$	8,980

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

OP BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)



	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
($ in thousands, except per share data)	Shares Outstanding	Amount
Balance at April 1, 2025	14,914,261	$	73,697	$	11,371	$	138,563	$	( 13,542 )	$	210,089
Net income	—	—		—		6,333		—		6,333
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		( 322 )		( 322 )
Stock issued under stock-based compensation plans, net of forfeiture	36,740	—		( 40 )		—		—		( 40 )
Stock-based compensation, net	—	—		153		—		—		153
Repurchase of common stock	( 65,387 )	( 713 )		—		—		—		( 713 )
Cash dividends declared ($ 0.12 per share)	—	—		—		( 1,782 )		—		( 1,782 )
Balance at June 30, 2025	14,885,614	$	72,984	$	11,484	$	143,114	$	( 13,864 )	$	213,718

Balance at April 1, 2024	14,982,555	$	75,957	$	11,240	$	124,280	$	( 16,752 )	$	194,725
Net income	—	—		—		5,436		—		5,436
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		( 381 )		( 381 )
Stock issued under stock-based compensation plans, net of forfeiture	58,047	—		( 116 )		—		—		( 116 )
Stock-based compensation, net	—	—		317		—		—		317
Repurchase of common stock	( 224,321 )	( 2,208 )		—		—		—		( 2,208 )
Cash dividends declared ($ 0.12 per share)	—	—		—		( 1,787 )		—		( 1,787 )
Balance at June 30, 2024	14,816,281	$	73,749	$	11,441	$	127,929	$	( 17,133 )	$	195,986


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
($ in thousands, except per share data)	Shares Outstanding	Amount
Balance at January 1, 2025	14,819,866	$	73,697	$	11,928	$	134,781	$	( 15,413 )	$	204,993
Net income	—	—		—		11,893		—		11,893
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		1,549		1,549
Stock issued under stock-based compensation plans, net of forfeiture	131,135	—		( 757 )		—		—		( 757 )
Stock-based compensation, net	—	—		313		—		—		313
Repurchase of common stock	( 65,387 )	( 713 )		—		—		—		( 713 )
Cash dividends declared ($ 0.24 per share)	—	—		—		( 3,560 )		—		( 3,560 )
Balance at June 30, 2025	14,885,614	$	72,984	$	11,484	$	143,114	$	( 13,864 )	$	213,718

Balance at January 1, 2024	15,000,436	$	76,280	$	10,942	$	120,855	$	( 15,451 )	$	192,626
Net income	—	—		—		10,662		—		10,662
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		( 1,682 )		( 1,682 )
Stock issued under stock-based compensation plans, net of forfeiture	89,863	160		( 137 )		—		—		23
Stock-based compensation, net	—	—		636		—		—		636
Repurchase of common stock	( 274,018 )	( 2,691 )		—		—		—		( 2,691 )
Cash dividends declared ($ 0.24 per share)	—	—		—		( 3,588 )		—		( 3,588 )
Balance at June 30, 2024	14,816,281	$	73,749	$	11,441	$	127,929	$	( 17,133 )	$	195,986

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

OP BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)



	Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	11,893	$	10,662
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	1,942		762
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	1,287		( 209 )
Amortization of servicing assets	1,513		1,996
Amortization of low income housing partnerships	1,062		1,035
Accretion of net discounts on loans	( 724 )		( 1,275 )
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment	741		699
Amortization of net premiums on securities	4		52
Gains on sale of loans	( 3,460 )		( 4,028 )
Stock-based compensation	313		636
Earnings on company owned life insurance	( 347 )		( 333 )
Net change in fair value of equity investment with readily determinable fair value	( 64 )		50
Origination of loans held-for-sale	( 73,911 )		( 63,660 )
Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale	60,685		61,700
Net change in:

Accrued interest receivable and other assets	( 2,402 )		6,433

Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	129		( 1,908 )
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	( 1,339 )		12,612
Cash flows from investing activities
Net change in loans receivable	( 114,456 )		( 103,315 )
Proceeds from matured, called, or paid-down AFS debt securities	14,118		12,048

Purchase of available-for-sale debt securities	—		( 19,082 )

Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	( 540 )		( 87 )
Purchase of premises and equipment, net	( 2,144 )		( 167 )
Investments in low-income housing partnerships	( 2,607 )		( 2,556 )
Net cash used in investing activities	( 105,629 )		( 113,159 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in deposits	227,443		133,263
Cash received from stock option exercises	—		160
Proceeds from FHLB advances	50,000		40,000
Repayment of FHLB advances	( 95,000 )		( 30,000 )
Repurchase of common stock	( 713 )		( 2,691 )
Cash dividend paid on common stock	( 3,560 )		( 3,588 )
Payments related to tax-withholding for vested restricted stock awards	( 757 )		( 137 )
Net cash provided by financing activities	177,413		137,007
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	70,445		36,460
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	134,943		91,216
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	205,388	$	127,676
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Income taxes	$	3,496	$	5,495
Interest	35,733		32,221
Supplemental noncash disclosure:
Initial recognition of right-of-use assets	$	3,536	$	871
New commitments to low income housing partnership investment	5,000		—
Transfer of loan to OREO	—		1,077

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

OP BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

OP Bancorp (referred to herein on an unconsolidated basis as "OP Bancorp" and on a consolidated basis as the "Company") is a California corporation and the registered bank holding company for Open Bank ("Open Bank" or the “Bank”).

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of the Company have been prepared by management in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for Form 10-Q and conform to practices within the banking industry and include all of the information and disclosures required by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments), which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial results for the interim periods presented, including eliminating intercompany transactions and balances. Certain items in our consolidated financial statements and notes for prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. These interim unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (“2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). Descriptions of our significant accounting policies are included in Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2025

There were no recently adopted accounting pronouncements during the six months ended June 30, 2025 that had a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements


Standard	Description	Effective date	Effect on financial statements
ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures .	ASU 2023-09 amends the disclosure requirements for income taxes, including the requirement for further disaggregation of the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures.	December 31, 2025 Early adoption is permitted	We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2024-03, Income Statement —Reporting Comprehensive Income —Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses	ASU 2024-03 requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses, including disaggregated information about certain costs/expenses in a table format in the note to the financial statements in both annual and interim financial statements.	December 31, 2027 Early adoption is permitted	We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 — Securities

The following tables summarize the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



	June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agency securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	38,425	$	—	$	( 3,619 )	$	34,806
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	149,107		573		( 14,807 )		134,873
Municipal securities - tax exempt	5,884		—		( 563 )		5,321
Total AFS debt securities	$	193,416	$	573	$	( 18,989 )	$	175,000



	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agency securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	41,521	$	—	$	( 4,445 )	$	37,076
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	160,187		312		( 17,458 )		143,041
Municipal securities - tax exempt	5,830		37		( 75 )		5,792
Total AFS debt securities	$	207,538	$	349	$	( 21,978 )	$	185,909

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities on certain securities as the issuers and borrowers of the underlying collateral may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The amortized cost and fair value of AFS debt securities as of June 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below:



($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	39	$	38
After one year through five years	834		810
After five years through ten years	13,504		12,368
After ten years	179,039		161,784
Total AFS debt securities	$	193,416	$	175,000

The following tables present the fair values and the associated gross unrealized losses of AFS debt securities, aggregated by length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



	June 30, 2025
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
($ in thousands)	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss
U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agency securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	4,915	$	( 87 )	$	29,891	$	( 3,532 )	$	34,806	$	( 3,619 )
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	5,359		( 11 )		83,708		( 14,796 )		89,067		( 14,807 )
Municipal securities - tax exempt	3,688		( 352 )		1,633		( 211 )		5,321		( 563 )
Total AFS debt securities	$	13,962	$	( 450 )	$	115,232	$	( 18,539 )	$	129,194	$	( 18,989 )



	December 31, 2024
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
($ in thousands)	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss
U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agency securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	5,442	$	( 133 )	$	31,634	$	( 4,312 )	$	37,076	$	( 4,445 )
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	27,614		( 214 )		93,236		( 17,244 )		120,850		( 17,458 )
Municipal securities - tax exempt	895		( 19 )		1,788		( 56 )		2,683		( 75 )
Total AFS debt securities	$	33,951	$	( 366 )	$	126,658	$	( 21,612 )	$	160,609	$	( 21,978 )

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the number of AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position was 80 and 84 , respectively.

The Company monitors credit quality of individual AFS debt securities by evaluating a variety of methods and utilizing such information in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses for our AFS debt securities. The gross unrealized losses presented in the preceding tables were primarily attributable to interest rate movement. The Company's portfolio was comprised of securities issued, guaranteed, or otherwise supported by the U.S. government. As such, it was expected that the AFS debt securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost. Further, the Company intended to hold the AFS debt securities, and it was not more-likely-than-not that it would be required to sell the AFS debt securities before recovery of amortized cost. Approximately 97 % of the AFS debt securities were residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations that were issued by U.S. government-sponsored agencies, such as Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The remaining 3 % of the AFS debt securities are tax-exempt municipal securities. Accordingly, for these securities, the Company did not have allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The amortized cost of the AFS debt securities excluded accrued interest receivables of $ 531 thousand and $ 569 thousand as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which are included in Accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets . For additional information on the Company's accounting policy related to securities' accrued interest receivables and impairment, see Note 1 —Business and Basis of Presentation to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no pledged securities to secure public deposits, borrowing and letters of credit from the FHLB and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

The following table presents the other investment securities, which are included in Other investments on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
FHLB stock	$	13,155	$	12,615
Pacific Coast Bankers Bank ("PCBB") stock	190		190
Mutual fund - Community Reinvestment Act ("CRA") qualified (1)	3,651		3,532
Time deposits placed in other banks	105		100
Total other investments	$	17,101	$	16,437

(1) The Company recorded $ 12 thousand and $ 64 thousand unrealized gains for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and $ 14 thousand and $ 50 thousand unrealized losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The unrealized gains (losses) of the mutual fund are included in other income in the consolidated statements of income.

Note 3 — Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

Loans

The following table presents the composition of the loan portfolio as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate ("CRE")	$	1,021,431	$	980,247
SBA—real estate	241,451		231,962
SBA—non-real estate	21,973		21,748
C&I	193,359		213,097
Home mortgage	593,256		509,524
Consumer and other	110		274
Gross loans	2,071,580		1,956,852
Allowance for credit losses	( 26,286 )		( 24,796 )
Net loans (1)	$	2,045,294	$	1,932,056

(1) Includes net deferred loan costs (fees) and net unamortized premiums (discounts) of $ 398 thousand as of June 30, 2025 and $( 702 ) thousand as of December 31, 2024 .

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

For loans that share risk characteristics, the Company employs a modeled approach that takes into account current and future economic conditions to estimate lifetime expected losses on a collective basis. With the adoption of Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL"), the Company elected not to consider accrued interest receivable in its estimated credit losses as the Company writes off the uncollectible accrued interest receivable in a timely manner. Generally, loans are placed on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due or more and all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against interest income. Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $ 8.6 million and $ 8.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

For collectively evaluated loans, the Company uses transition matrices to develop the Probability of Default ("PD") and Loss Given Default ("LGD") approaches, incorporating quantitative factors and qualitative considerations in the calculation of the allowance. The model provides forecasts of PD and LGD based on national unemployment rates using regression analysis. The Company incorporates future economic conditions using a weighted multiple scenario approach: baseline and adverse. The Company applies a reasonable and supportable period of one year for the baseline scenario and two years for the adverse scenario, after which loss assumptions revert to historical loss information through a one-year reversion period for the baseline scenario and a two-year reversion period for the adverse scenario. The Company segments the loan portfolio by major loan type using the Call Report codes and internal loan risk ratings to determine the Bank's allowance for credit losses.

The methodologies described above generally rely on historical loss experience to determine the quantitative portion of the allowance for credit losses. The Company also consider other qualitative and macroeconomic variables related to current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that may indicate current expected credit losses could differ from the historical information reflected in the quantitative models. Key qualitative and macroeconomic variables include GDP, unemployment rates, interest rates, asset quality ratios, loan portfolio concentration, California house price index, and CRE price index. The parameters for making adjustments are established under a Credit Risk Matrix that provides different possible scenarios for each of the factors listed below. The Credit Risk Matrix and the possible scenarios enable the Bank to qualitatively adjust the loss rates. This matrix considers the following nine factors, which are patterned after the guidelines provided under the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Credit Losses, updated to reflect the adoption of CECL:

• Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and practices for collection, charge-offs, and recoveries;

• Actual and expected changes in national and local economic and business conditions and developments in which the institution operates that affect the collectivity of loans;

• Changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio;

• Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff;

• Changes in the volume and severity of past-due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified loans;

• Changes in the quality of the credit review function;

• Changes in the value of the underlying collateral for loans that are not collateral-dependent;

• The existence, growth, and effect of any concentrations of credit, and

• The effect of other external factors, such as the regulatory, legal and technological environments; competition; and events such as natural disasters.

For loans that do not share similar risk characteristics such as nonaccrual loans above $ 500 thousand, the Company evaluates these loans on an individual loan basis. Such nonaccrual loans are considered to have different risk profiles than performing loans and are therefore evaluated individually. The Company elected to collectively assess nonaccrual loans with balances below $ 500 thousand along with the performing and accrual loans, in order to reduce the operational burden of individually assessing small nonaccrual loans with immaterial balances. When a loan is individually evaluated for the allowance for credit losses, the Company uses one of two different asset valuation measurement methods: 1) the present value of future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; or 2) the fair value of the collateral for a collateral-dependent loan. For the collateral-dependent loans, the Company obtains a new "as-is" valuation appraisal to determine an updated fair value of collateral. To ensure that appraised values remain current, the Company obtains updated appraisals every twelve months from a qualified independent appraiser. If the fair value of the collateral is less than the amortized balance of the loan, the Company recognizes an allowance for credit losses with a corresponding charge to the provision for credit losses.

The Company maintains a separate allowance for credit losses for its off-balance sheet commitments. The Company uses an estimated funding rate to allocate an allowance to undrawn exposures. This funding rate serves as a credit conversion factor, reflecting the likelihood that undrawn lines of credit may be drawn at any time. The funding rate is determined based on a look-back period of 8 quarters. Credit loss is not estimated for off-balance sheet commitments that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company.

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:



($ in thousands)	CRE		SBA— Real Estate		SBA —Non- Real Estate		C&I		Home Mortgage		Consumer and Other		Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Beginning balance	$	9,010	$	5,381	$	512	$	1,710	$	8,755	$	—	$	25,368
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses	9		931		( 17 )		( 372 )		704		—		1,255
Charge-offs	( 129 )		( 413 )		—		—		—		—		( 542 )
Recoveries	80		—		4		121		—		—		205
Ending balance	$	8,970	$	5,899	$	499	$	1,459	$	9,459	$	—	$	26,286

Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Beginning balance	$	8,044	$	2,793	$	229	$	1,663	$	9,391	$	9	$	22,129
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses	( 118 )		134		20		488		108		( 5 )		627
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries	—		—		4		—		—		—		4
Ending balance	$	7,926	$	2,927	$	253	$	2,151	$	9,499	$	4	$	22,760



($ in thousands)	CRE		SBA— Real Estate		SBA —Non- Real Estate		C&I		Home Mortgage		Consumer and Other		Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Beginning balance	$	9,290	$	5,557	$	418	$	1,844	$	7,684	$	3	$	24,796
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses	( 271 )		755		72		( 477 )		1,866		( 3 )		1,942
Charge-offs	( 129 )		( 413 )		( 10 )		( 29 )		( 91 )		—		( 672 )
Recoveries	80		—		19		121		—		—		220
Ending balance	$	8,970	$	5,899	$	499	$	1,459	$	9,459	$	—	$	26,286

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Beginning balance	$	7,915	$	1,657	$	147	$	1,215	$	11,045	$	14	$	21,993
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses	11		1,336		91		936		( 1,544 )		( 10 )		820
Charge-offs	—		( 66 )		—		—		( 2 )		—		( 68 )
Recoveries	—		—		15		—		—		—		15
Ending balance	$	7,926	$	2,927	$	253	$	2,151	$	9,499	$	4	$	22,760

Collateral-dependent loans are loans where repayment is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment. The estimated credit losses for these loans are based on the collateral’s fair value less selling costs. Generally, the Company records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less selling costs at the time of foreclosure.

The following table represents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by property type as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, for which repayment is expected to be obtained through the sale of the underlying collateral:



($ in thousands)	Hotel / Motel		Retail		Gas Station		Single-Family Residential		Total (1)(2)
As of June 30, 2025
CRE	$	1,580	$	222	$	—	$	—	$	1,802
SBA—real estate	3,706		1,567		—		—		5,273
Home mortgage	—		—		—		1,418		1,418
Total	$	5,286	$	1,789	$	—	$	1,418	$	8,493
As of December 31, 2024
CRE	$	1,580	$	363	$	—	$	—	$	1,943
SBA—real estate	3,702		2,006		—		—		5,708

Total	$	5,282	$	2,369	$	—	$	—	$	7,651

(1) Excludes guaranteed portion of SBA loans totaling $ 12.5 million and $ 15.2 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2) The allowance for credit losses allocated to these loans as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $ 904 thousand and $ 1.2 million, respectively.

The following table presents the amortized cost in nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 or more days and still accruing interest as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



($ in thousands)	Nonaccrual Loans with a Related Allowance for Credit Losses		Nonaccrual Loans without a Related Allowance for Credit Losses		Total Nonaccrual Loans		90 or More Days Past Due & Still Accruing		Total (1)
As of June 30, 2025
CRE	$	—	$	1,802	$	1,802	$	—	$	1,802
SBA—real estate	2,444		2,932		5,376		—		5,376
SBA—non-real estate	320		—		320		—		320
C&I	—		—		—		—		—
Home mortgage	—		1,418		1,418		—		1,418
Total	$	2,764	$	6,152	$	8,916	$	—	$	8,916
As of December 31, 2024
CRE	$	363	$	1,580	$	1,943	$	—	$	1,943
SBA—real estate	2,006		3,702		5,708		—		5,708
SBA—non-real estate	169		—		169		—		169
Total	$	2,538	$	5,282	$	7,820	$	—	$	7,820

(1) Excludes guaranteed portion of loans totaling $ 13.9 million and $ 16.3 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Nonaccrual loans and accruing loans past due 90 or more days include both homogeneous loans that are collectively and individually evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans.

The following table represents the aging analysis of gross loans as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



	Still Accruing
($ in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans (1)		Current Accruing Loans		Total
As of June 30, 2025
CRE	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,802	$	1,019,629	$	1,021,431
SBA—real estate	4,275		1,882		—		5,376		229,918		241,451
SBA—non-real estate	234		—		—		320		21,419		21,973
C&I	—		—		—		—		193,359		193,359
Home mortgage	298		3,114		—		1,418		588,426		593,256
Consumer and other	—		—		—		—		110		110
Total	$	4,807	$	4,996	$	—	$	8,916	$	2,052,861	$	2,071,580
As of December 31, 2024 (2)
CRE	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,943	$	978,304	$	980,247
SBA—real estate	237		74		—		5,708		225,943		231,962
SBA—non-real estate	133		137		—		169		21,309		21,748
C&I	15		—		—		—		213,082		213,097
Home mortgage	2,774		5,594		—		—		501,156		509,524
Consumer and other	—		—		—		—		274		274
Total	$	3,159	$	5,805	$	—	$	7,820	$	1,940,068	$	1,956,852

(1) Excludes guaranteed portion of loans totaling $ 13.9 million and $ 16.3 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2) Revised to conform with the current presentation.

Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, other-than-insignificant payment delay, other-than-insignificant term extensions, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral.

The following table presents the amortized cost of loans as of June 30, 2025 that were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 by loan class and modification type:



Three Months Ended June 30, 2025	Modification Type						Percentage to Each Loan Segment
($ in thousands)	Payment Delay		Interest Only		Total
CRE	$	1,084	$	—	$	1,084	0.11	%
SBA—real estate (1)	2,081		—		2,081		0.86	%

Total	$	3,165	$	—	$	3,165

Three Months Ended June 30, 2024	Modification Type						Percentage to Each Loan Segment
($ in thousands)	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Total

SBA—real estate (1)	$	390	$	—	$	390	0.17	%
SBA—non-real estate	$	—	$	9	$	9	0.05	%
C&I	130		—		130		0.07	%
Total	$	520	$	9	$	529



Six Months Ended June 30, 2025	Modification Type						Percentage to Each Loan Segment
($ in thousands)	Payment Delay		Interest Only		Total
CRE	$	1,084	$	3,155	$	4,239	0.42	%
SBA—real estate (1)	2,730		—		2,730		1.13	%

Total	$	3,814	$	3,155	$	6,969

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024	Modification Type						Percentage to Each Loan Segment
($ in thousands)	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Total

SBA—real estate (1)	$	1,130	$	—	$	1,130	0.50	%
SBA—non-real estate	$	—	$	9	$	9	0.05	%
C&I	130		—		130		0.07	%
Total	$	1,260	$	9	$	1,269

(1) Excludes guaranteed portion of SBA loans totaling $ 3.2 million and $ 5.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. In comparison, no guaranteed portion of SBA loans was excluded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

The following tables describe the financial effect of the loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the periods presented:

Financial Effect

Modification & Loan Types

Description of Financial Effect

Three Months Ended June 30, 2025

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025

Payment Delay:

CRE

Deferment of payment by a weighted average of:

0.3 years

SBA—real estate

Deferment of payment by a weighted average of:

0.3 years

Interest Only:

CRE

Interest only Payment by a weighted average of:

N/A

0.5 years

Financial Effect

Modification & Loan Types

Description of Financial Effect

Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Payment Delay:

SBA—real estate

Deferment of payment by a weighted average of:

0.5 years

C&I

Deferment of payment by a weighted average of:

0.5 years

Term Extension:

SBA—non-real estate

Extended term by a weighted average of:

1.8 years

A modified loan may become delinquent and may result in a payment default (generally 90 days past due) subsequent to modification. There were no loans that received modifications within the past 12 months as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, and subsequently defaulted in three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024.

The Company had no additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose loans were modified as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company closely monitors the performance of modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents the performance of such loans that were modified in the twelve months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:



	Payment Performance as of June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Current		30 - 89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total
CRE	$	1,733	$	1,580	$	—	$	3,313
SBA—real estate (1)	5,236		—		1,960		7,196

Total	$	6,969	$	1,580	$	1,960	$	10,509



	Payment Performance as of June 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Current		30 - 89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total
CRE	$	622	$	—	$	—	$	622
SBA—real estate (1)	1,390		1,054		740		3,184
SBA—non-real estate	130		—		—		130
C&I	221		—		—		221

Total	$	2,363	$	1,054	$	740	$	4,157

(1) Excludes guaranteed portion of SBA loans totaling $ 7.4 million and $ 3.1 million as June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. For consumer loans, a credit grade is established at inception, and generally only adjusted based on performance. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Special Mention — Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard — Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful — Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass-rated loans.

The following table presents the loan portfolio's amortized cost and current year-to-date gross write-offs by loan type, risk rating and year of origination as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



	June 30, 2025
	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
CRE
Pass	$	143,565	$	263,979	$	93,795	$	229,321	$	170,858	$	101,659	$	9,119	$	—	$	1,012,296
Special mention	—		—		—		574		2,212		—		—		—		2,786
Substandard	—		—		1,580		4,546		—		223		—		—		6,349
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	143,565	$	263,979	$	95,375	$	234,441	$	173,070	$	101,882	$	9,119	$	—	$	1,021,431
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	129	$	—	$	—	$	129
SBA— real estate
Pass	$	27,545	$	29,182	$	24,926	$	35,560	$	15,268	$	80,732	$	—	$	—	$	213,213
Special mention	—		—		—		6,579		1,337		1,260		—		—		9,176
Substandard	—		—		1,186		9,965		289		7,622		—		—		19,062
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	27,545	$	29,182	$	26,112	$	52,104	$	16,894	$	89,614	$	—	$	—	$	241,451
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	413	$	—	$	—	$	413
SBA—non-real estate
Pass	$	3,175	$	8,638	$	3,978	$	1,657	$	89	$	2,958	$	—	$	—	$	20,495
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		440		—		940		—		—		1,380
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		98		—		—		98
Subtotal	$	3,175	$	8,638	$	3,978	$	2,097	$	89	$	3,996	$	—	$	—	$	21,973
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	—	$	10
C&I
Pass	$	2,797	$	20,625	$	10,712	$	13,349	$	13,856	$	2,295	$	127,582	$	1,568	$	192,784
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		434		—		434
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		141		—		141


Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	2,797	$	20,625	$	10,712	$	13,349	$	13,856	$	2,295	$	128,157	$	1,568	$	193,359
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	29	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	29
Home mortgage
Pass	$	128,214	$	37,489	$	56,018	$	257,609	$	68,925	$	43,583	$	—	$	—	$	591,838
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		1,418		—		—		—		—		1,418
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	128,214	$	37,489	$	56,018	$	259,027	$	68,925	$	43,583	$	—	$	—	$	593,256
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	77	$	—	$	14	$	—	$	—	$	91
Consumer and other
Pass	$	25	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	85	$	—	$	110
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	25	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	85	$	—	$	110
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total loans
Pass	$	305,321	$	359,913	$	189,429	$	537,496	$	268,996	$	231,227	$	136,786	$	1,568	$	2,030,736
Special mention	—		—		—		7,153		3,549		1,260		434		—		12,396
Substandard	—		—		2,766		16,369		289		8,785		141		—		28,350
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		98		—		—		98
Subtotal	$	305,321	$	359,913	$	192,195	$	561,018	$	272,834	$	241,370	$	137,361	$	1,568	$	2,071,580
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	32	$	77	$	—	$	563	$	—	$	—	$	672



	December 31, 2024
	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
CRE
Pass	$	201,141	$	85,056	$	190,968	$	137,425	$	88,993	$	250,291	$	17,012	$	—	$	970,886
Special mention	—		—		579		2,246		—		—		—		—		2,825
Substandard	—		1,580		319		—		—		4,637		—		—		6,536
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	201,141	$	86,636	$	191,866	$	139,671	$	88,993	$	254,928	$	17,012	$	—	$	980,247
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
SBA— real estate
Pass	$	31,441	$	26,508	$	41,375	$	18,819	$	16,166	$	72,440	$	—	$	—	$	206,749
Special mention	—		—		2,345		—		—		739		—		—		3,084
Substandard	—		1,182		9,965		2,868		—		8,114		—		—		22,129
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	31,441	$	27,690	$	53,685	$	21,687	$	16,166	$	81,293	$	—	$	—	$	231,962
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	66	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	66
SBA—non-real estate
Pass	$	10,443	$	4,498	$	1,837	$	154	$	1,303	$	2,621	$	—	$	—	$	20,856
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		483		—		157		154		—		—		794
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		98		—		—		98
Subtotal	$	10,443	$	4,498	$	2,320	$	154	$	1,460	$	2,873	$	—	$	—	$	21,748
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	27
C&I
Pass	$	19,712	$	11,525	$	14,016	$	18,122	$	3,356	$	2,664	$	140,278	$	3,024	$	212,697
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		400		—		400
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—


Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	19,712	$	11,525	$	14,016	$	18,122	$	3,356	$	2,664	$	140,678	$	3,024	$	213,097
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	44	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	44
Home mortgage
Pass	$	42,112	$	63,000	$	284,208	$	70,326	$	17,749	$	32,129	$	—	$	—	$	509,524
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	42,112	$	63,000	$	284,208	$	70,326	$	17,749	$	32,129	$	—	$	—	$	509,524
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Consumer and other
Pass	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	247	$	—	$	274
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	247	$	—	$	274
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total loans
Pass	$	304,876	$	190,587	$	532,404	$	244,846	$	127,567	$	360,145	$	157,537	$	3,024	$	1,920,986
Special mention	—		—		2,924		2,246		—		739		400		—		6,309
Substandard	—		2,762		10,767		2,868		157		12,905		—		—		29,459
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		98		—		—		98
Subtotal	$	304,876	$	193,349	$	546,095	$	249,960	$	127,724	$	373,887	$	157,937	$	3,024	$	1,956,852
Year-to-date charge-offs	$	—	$	44	$	—	$	66	$	—	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	137

Note 4 — Premises and Equipment

The following table presents information regarding the premises and equipment as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Leasehold improvements	$	10,666	$	10,019
Furniture and fixtures	5,280		4,902
Equipment and others	4,950		3,831
Total premises and equipment	20,896		18,752
Accumulated depreciation	( 14,044 )		( 13,303 )
Total premises and equipment, net	$	6,852	$	5,449

Total depreciation expense included in occupancy and equipment expenses were $ 394 thousand and $ 332 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 741 thousand and $ 699 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 5 — Servicing Assets

The Company recognizes the rights to service SBA loans for others as servicing assets when the benefit of servicing is expected to more than adequately compensate the Company for performing the servicing. Servicing assets are initially recorded at fair value and subsequently amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans.

The Company periodically stratifies its servicing assets into groupings based on risk characteristics and evaluates each group for impairment based on the fair value. Based on the impairment test as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was no impairment.

The following table presents the activity in the servicing assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Beginning balance	$	10,848	$	11,405	$	10,834	$	11,741
Additions from loans sold with servicing retained	570		746		1,251		1,298
Amortized to expense	( 846 )		( 1,108 )		( 1,513 )		( 1,996 )
Ending balance	$	10,572	$	11,043	$	10,572	$	11,043

The fair value of the servicing assets was $ 15.7 million as of June 30, 2025, which was determined using discount rates ranging from 4.76 % to 11.53 % and prepayment speeds ranging from 12.90 % to 13.60 %, depending on the stratification of the specific assets.

The fair value of the servicing assets was $ 16.8 million as of June 30, 2024, which was determined using discount rates ranging from 3.78 % to 11.25 % and prepayment speeds ranging from 12.70 % to 12.90 % depending on the stratification of the specific assets.

Note 6 — Borrowing Arrangements

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had FHLB advances totaling $ 50.0 million with a weighted average interest rate of 3.70 % and a weighted average remaining term of 2.4 years, compared to $ 95.0 million with a weighted average interest rate of 4.34 % and a weighted average remaining term of 0.2 years as of December 31, 2024. The Company had letters of credit from the FHLB in the amount of $ 135.0 million and $ 100.0 million to secure public deposits as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The Company had available borrowing capacity from the following institutions as of June 30, 2025:



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025
FHLB	$	443,207
Federal Reserve Bank	223,373
Pacific Coast Bankers Bank	50,000
Zions Bank	25,000
First Horizon Bank	25,000
Total	$	766,580

The Company has pledged approximately $ 1.55 billion and $ 1.41 billion of loans as collateral for these lines of credit as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Note 7 — Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense was $ 2.1 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and $ 4.2 million for both the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The effective income tax rate was 25.0 % and 28.2 % for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, 26.3 % and 28.1 % for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 8 — Commitments and Contingencies

Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Risk

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into commitments to extend credit such as loan commitments and standby letters of credits. These commitments expose the Company to varying degrees of credit and market risk and are subject to the same credit and market reviews as those instruments recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Loan commitments represent arrangements to lend funds or provide liquidity subject to specified contractual conditions. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the

performance of a customer to a third party. These commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or contain termination clauses in the event the customer’s credit quality deteriorates. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future funding requirements.

The Company applies the same credit underwriting criteria to extend loans and commitments to customers. Each customer’s credit worthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Collateral may be obtained based on management’s assessment of a customer’s credit. Collateral may include securities, accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income producing commercial or other properties. The majority of these off-balance sheet commitments have a variable interest rate. Management does not anticipate any material losses as a result of these transactions.

The following table presents the distribution of undisbursed credit-related commitments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Loan commitments	$	324,423	$	261,446
Standby letter of credit	23,174		21,059
Commercial letter of credit	96		49
Total undisbursed credit related commitments	$	347,693	$	282,554

Investments in low-income housing partnership

The Company invests in certain affordable housing partnerships. The following table shows the investments and unfunded commitments of the Company's affordable housing partnerships as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Investments in low-income housing partnerships (1)	$	19,129	$	15,191
Unfunded commitments to fund investments for low-income housing partnerships (1)	10,015		7,622

(1) These balances are reflected in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company expects to finish fulfilling these commitments during the year ending 2042.

Under the proportional amortization method, the Company amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credit and other benefits received, and recognizes the amortization in income tax expense on the consolidated statements of income. The Company recognized amortization expense of $ 565 thousand and $ 518 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 1.1 million and $ 1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. In addition, the Company recognized tax credits and other benefits of $ 578 thousand and $ 656 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 1.3 million for both the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time the Company or the Bank are parties to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, the Company accrues reserves for outstanding lawsuits, claims and proceedings when a loss is probable and its amount can be reasonably estimated with specificity or within a given range. Management estimates the likelihood and the amount of a possible loss using current available information from legal proceedings, advice from legal counsel and available insurance coverage. Due to the inherent subjectivity of the assessments and unpredictability of the outcomes of the legal proceedings, any amounts accrued or included in this aggregate amount may not represent the ultimate loss to the Company from the legal proceedings in question. No accrual has been recorded; however, the Company acknowledges that actual exposure and ultimate losses may differ from current expectations. While it is impossible to ascertain the ultimate resolution or range of financial liability, based on information known to management as of June 30, 2025 , management does not believe there are any pending legal proceedings to which the Company or the Bank is a party that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

Note 9 — Stock-Based Compensation Plan

As of June 30, 2025, the Company maintains one stock-based compensation plan, the OP Bancorp 2021 Equity Incentive Plan ("2021 Plan"). The Board of Directors approved the 2021 Plan, an equity incentive plan for granting stock options and restricted stock awards to key employees, officers, and non-employee directors of the Company. An aggregate of 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were authorized under the 2021 Plan. The exercise prices of stock options granted under the 2021 Plan may not be less than 100.00 % of the fair value of the Company’s stock at the date of grant. There are no stock options granted under the 2021 Plan as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Restricted stock awards issued under the 2021 Plan may or may not be subject to vesting provisions. Holders of the restricted stock awards have full voting rights and receive dividends during the vesting period. Stock compensation cost for the restricted stock awards are recognized based on the grant-date fair value over the vesting period.

The following table presents a summary of the activity in the Company’s non-vested restricted stock awards under the 2021 Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2025:



($ in thousands, except share data)	Shares Issued	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Non-vested, as of January 1, 2025	250,088	$	11.78	$	3,954
Awards granted	64,589	12.78
Awards vested	( 188,539 )	11.91
Awards forfeited	( 19,960 )	11.34
Non-vested, as of June 30, 2026	106,178	$	12.20	$	1,379

The following table presents compensation cost and the related tax benefit for the restricted stock awards under the 2021 Plan for the periods indicated follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Stock compensation cost	$	153	$	317	$	313	$	636
Tax benefit (provision) realized from awards vested	32		—		62		( 3 )

There were 1,090,963 shares available for future grants of either stock options or restricted stock awards under the 2021 Plan as of June 30, 2025. The Company had approximately $ 1.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards under the 2021 Plan as of June 30, 2025. The Company expects to recognize these costs over a weighted average period of 3.3 years.

Note 10 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price that would be paid to transfer a liability on the measurement date and is determined using an exit price in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, such as AFS securities, equity investments and derivatives. Additionally, from time to time, the Company records fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis. These nonrecurring adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or fair value accounting and write-downs of individual assets.

The Company classifies its assets and liabilities recorded at fair value as one of the following three categories and a financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2—Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3—Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

AFS Debt Securities — The fair values of investment securities are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2). Management obtains the fair values of investment securities on a monthly basis from a third-party pricing service.

Equity Investments — The Company has an equity investment with readily determinable fair value. The fair value is obtained from unadjusted quoted prices in active markets on the date of measurement and classified as Level 1.

Derivatives — The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized below:



	Fair Value Measure on a Recurring Basis
($ in thousands)	Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
June 30, 2025
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agency securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	34,806	$	—	$	34,806	$	—
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	134,873		—		134,873		—
Municipal securities - tax exempt	5,321		—		5,321		—
Other investments:
Mutual fund - CRA qualified	3,651		3,651		—		—
Derivative assets:
Interest rate products	6		—		6		—
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate products	945		—		945		—

December 31, 2024
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agency securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	37,076	$	—	$	37,076	$	—
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	143,041		—		143,041		—
Municipal securities - tax exempt	5,792		—		5,792		—
Other investments:
Mutual fund - CRA qualified	3,532		3,532		—		—
Derivative assets:
Interest rate products	368		—		368		—
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate products	579		—		579		—

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower of cost or fair value and write-downs of individual assets.

Collateral-dependent loans — Collateral-dependent loans are loans where repayment is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment. Fair value for collateral-dependent loans are measured based on the value of the collateral securing these loans and are classified as Level 3. Collateral may include real estate, or business assets including equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. The fair value of real estate collateral is determined based on third-party appraisals. The fair value of business equipment is based on third-party appraisals if significant, or the equipment’s net book value on the business’ financial statements. The fair value of inventory and accounts receivable collateral are determined based on independent field examiner review or aging reports. Appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available for similar loans and collateral underlying

such loans. Appraised values are reviewed by management using historical knowledge, market considerations, and knowledge of the client and client’s business.

Other real estate owned — Fair value of OREO is determined primarily based on third-party appraisals, less costs to sell and therefore, is classified as Level 3. Appraisals are required annually and may be updated more frequently when circumstances require and the fair value adjustments are made to OREO based on the updated appraised value of the property.

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy and fair value of assets that were still held and had fair value adjustments measured on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



	Fair Value Measure on a Nonrecurring Basis
($ in thousands)	Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
June 30, 2025
Collateral-dependent loans:

SBA—real estate	1,437		—		—		1,437



Total	$	1,437	$	—	$	—	$	1,437

December 31, 2024
Collateral-dependent loans:
CRE	$	173	$	—	$	—	$	173
SBA—real estate	952		—		—		952


OREO	1,237		—		—		1,237
Total	$	2,362	$	—	$	—	$	2,362
Total

The following table presents the increase (decrease) in the fair value of certain assets held at the end of the reporting periods presented for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recognized during the respective periods:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Collateral-dependent loans:

SBA—real estate	( 160 )		—		113		—



Total	$	( 160 )	$	—	$	113	$	—

The following table presents information about significant unobservable inputs utilized in the Company’s nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

($ in thousands)

Fair Value
Measurements
(Level 3)

Valuation
Techniques

Unobservable
Inputs

Range of
Inputs

Weighted-

Average of

Inputs (1)

June 30, 2025

Collateral-dependent loans:

SBA—real estate

1,126

Income approach - income capitalization

Capitalization rate

5.5 % to 11.0 %

8.2 %

SBA—real estate

311

Sales comparison approach

Market data comparison

0.0 % to 35.0 %

4.5 %

December 31, 2024

Collateral-dependent loans:

CRE

173

Income approach - income capitalization

Capitalization rate

5.5 % to 7.3 %

6.0 %

SBA—real estate

539

Income approach - income capitalization

Capitalization rate

5.5 % to 7.3 %

10.4 %

SBA—real estate

413

Sales comparison approach

Market data / purchase price

n/a

OREO

1,237

Sales comparison approach

Market data comparison

( 3.7 )% to 2.2 %

( 0.5 )%

(1) Weighted-average of inputs is based on the relative fair value of the respective assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows. These financial assets and liabilities are measured at amortized cost basis on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets:



	June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	205,388	$	205,388	$	—	$	—	$	205,388
Loans held for sale	20,016		—		21,541		—		21,541
Net loans	2,045,294		—		—		2,122,054		2,122,054
Accrued interest receivable, net	9,991		527		854		8,610		9,991
Other investments:
FHLB and PCBB stock	13,345		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Time deposits placed	105		—		105		—		105
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	2,254,728		—		2,255,465		—		2,255,465
FHLB advances	50,000		—		50,281		—		50,281
Accrued interest payable	15,720		—		15,720		—		15,720



	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	134,943	$	134,943	$	—	$	—	$	134,943
Loans held for sale	4,581		—		4,946		—		4,946
Net loans	1,932,056		—		—		1,986,813		1,986,813
Accrued interest receivable, net	9,188		181		888		8,119		9,188
Other investments:
FHLB and PCBB stock	12,805		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Time deposits placed	100		—		100		—		100
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	2,027,285		—		2,026,092		—		2,026,092
FHLB advances	95,000		—		94,986		—		94,986
Accrued interest payable	16,067		—		16,067		—		16,067

Note 11 — Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company is exposed to various risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Beginning in 2024, the Company began utilizing derivatives to hedge the variability of cash flows associated with its existing variable-rate debt.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in AOCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. As of June 30, 2025, the Company expects to reclassify an estimated $ 284 thousand of pre-tax of deferred net losses related to cash flow hedges from AOCI into earnings during the next 12 months.

The following table presents the notional amounts, fair values and classification on consolidated balance sheets of the Company's derivatives as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
($ in thousands)	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
June 30, 2025
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate products	$	25,000	Other assets	$	6	$	50,000	Other liabilities	$	945
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments				$	6				$	945

December 31, 2024
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate products	$	25,000	Other assets	$	368	$	50,000	Other liabilities	$	579
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments				$	368				$	579

The following table presents the pre-tax changes in AOCI from cash flow hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:



Derivatives in Subtopic 815-20 Hedging Relationships ($ in thousands)	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI Included Component		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI Excluded Component		Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized from AOCI into Income	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income		Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Included Component		Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Excluded Component
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate products	$	( 150 )	$	( 150 )	$	—	Interest expense	$	29	$	29	$	—
Total	$	( 150 )	$	( 150 )	$	—		$	29	$	29	$	—
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate products	$	( 254 )	$	( 254 )	$	—	Interest expense	$	81	$	81	$	—
Total	$	( 254 )	$	( 254 )	$	—		$	81	$	81	$	—

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate products	$	( 632 )	$	( 632 )	$	—	Interest expense	$	60	$	60	$	—
Total	$	( 632 )	$	( 632 )	$	—		$	60	$	60	$	—
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate products	$	( 254 )	$	( 254 )	$	—	Interest expense	$	81	$	81	$	—
Total	$	( 254 )	$	( 254 )	$	—		$	81	$	81	$	—

The following table presents the pre-tax changes of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statement of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
($ in thousands)	Interest Expense		Interest Expense		Interest Expense		Interest Expense
Total amounts presented in the consolidated statement of income	$	29	$	81	$	60	$	81

The effects of cash flow hedging:
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest contracts
Amount of loss reclassified from AOCI into income	$	29	$	81	$	60	$	81
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income as a result that a forecasted transaction was no longer probable of occurring	—		—		—		—
Amount of loss reclassified from AOCI into income - included component	29		81		60		81
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income - excluded component	—		—		—		—

The tables below present a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company's derivatives as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The net amounts of derivative assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that derivative assets and liabilities are presented on the consolidated balance sheet:



	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Balance Sheet		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
($ in thousands)							Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
June 30, 2025
Derivatives assets	$	6	$	—	$	6	$	—	$	6	$	—
Total	$	6	$	—	$	6	$	—	$	6	$	—

December 31, 2024
Derivatives assets	$	368	$	—	$	368	$	—	$	368	$	—
Total	$	368	$	—	$	368	$	—	$	368	$	—



	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Liabilities presented in the Balance Sheet		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
($ in thousands)							Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Posted		Net Amount
June 30, 2025
Derivatives liabilities	$	945	$	—	$	945	$	—	$	945	$	—
Total	$	945	$	—	$	945	$	—	$	945	$	—

December 31, 2024
Derivatives liabilities	$	579	$	—	$	579	$	—	$	579	$	—
Total	$	579	$	—	$	579	$	—	$	579	$	—

Note 12 — Regulatory Capital Matters

The Bank is subject to certain risk-based capital and leverage ratio requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital rules administered by the federal and state banking agencies. Failure to be well-capitalized or to meet minimum capital requirements could result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have an adverse material effect on the Company's operations or financial condition. The Basel III capital rules also require the Bank to maintain a capital conservation buffer of 2.50 % above the minimum risk-based capital ratios in order to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the capital conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. As of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank met all applicable capital adequacy requirements.

The following table presents the regulatory capital amounts and ratios for the Company and the Bank as of dates indicated:



	June 30, 2025
	Actual (1)				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes				Minimum To be Considered "Well Capitalized"
($ in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	252,936	12.26	%	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	250,705		12.15		$	165,139	8.00	%	$	206,424	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	227,148		11.01		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	224,902		10.90		123,855		6.00		165,139		8.00
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	227,148		11.01		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	224,902		10.90		92,891		4.50		134,176		6.50
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Consolidated	227,148		8.96		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	224,902		8.87		101,435		4.00		126,793		5.00

(1) The capital requirements are only applicable to the Bank, and the Company's ratios are included for comparison purpose.



	December 31, 2024
	Actual (1)				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes				Minimum To be Considered "Well Capitalized"
($ in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	244,659	12.60	%	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	242,966		12.50		$	155,463	8.00	%	$	194,328	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	220,390		11.35		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	218,675		11.25		116,597		6.00		155,463		8.00
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	220,390		11.35		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	218,675		11.25		87,448		4.50		126,313		6.50
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Consolidated	220,390		9.27		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	218,675		9.20		95,055		4.00		118,819		5.00

(1) The capital requirements are only applicable to the Bank, and the Company's ratios are included for comparison purpose.

Note 13 — Earnings Per Share

Basic EPS is calculated using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common stock and participating securities. The Company grants restricted stock awards, which entitle recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to dividends paid to holders of the Company's common stock. These restricted stock awards meet the definition of participating securities based on their respective rights to receive nonforfeitable dividends, and they are treated as a separate class of securities in computing basic EPS. Participating securities are not included as incremental shares in computing diluted EPS.

Diluted EPS incorporates the potential impact of contingently issuable shares. Diluted EPS is calculated under both the two-class and treasury stock methods, and the more dilutive amount is reported. For each of the periods presented in the table below, diluted EPS calculated under two-class method was more dilutive.

The following table presents the calculation of net income applicable to common stockholders and basic and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands, except share and per share data)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Basic
Net income	$	6,333	$	5,436	$	11,893	$	10,662
Distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	( 53 )		( 103 )		( 127 )		( 201 )
Net income allocated to common shares	$	6,280	$	5,333	$	11,766	$	10,461
Weighted average common shares outstanding	14,859,718		14,868,344		14,858,483		14,930,090
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.42	$	0.36	$	0.79	$	0.70
Diluted
Net income allocated to common shares	$	6,280	$	5,333	$	11,766	$	10,461
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share	14,859,718		14,868,344		14,858,483		14,930,090
Add: Dilutive effects of assumed exercises of stock options (1)	—		—		—		—
Average shares and dilutive potential common shares	14,859,718		14,868,344		14,858,483		14,930,090
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.42	$	0.36	$	0.79	$	0.70

(1) No share of common stock was antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


Overview			32
Selected Financial Data			34
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates			35
Results of Operations			36
Net Income			36
Net Interest Income			37
Provision for Credit Losses			42
Noninterest Income			42
Noninterest Expense			43
Income Taxes			44
Financial Condition			45
Investment Portfolio			45
Loans			46
Loan Servicing			47
Allowance for Credit Losses			47
Nonperforming Assets			49
Deposits and Other Sources of Funds			49
Liquidity and Capital Resources			50
Capital Requirements			51

OVERVIEW

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto contained in this Report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the sections titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” for a discussion of forward-looking statements and important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

OP Bancorp (referred to herein on an unconsolidated basis as "OP Bancorp" and on a consolidated basis as the "Company") is a bank holding company headquartered in Los Angeles, California. Our commercial community banking activities are operated through Open Bank ("Open Bank" or the "Bank"), our wholly owned banking subsidiary, and we do not conduct material business operations other than through the Bank. We offer commercial banking services to small and medium-sized businesses, their owners and retail customers primarily in the Korean-American communities within our primary market areas.

Our results of operations depend primarily on our net interest income, which represents the interest we earn on loans and related products, reduced by the interest we pay on deposits and other borrowings. In addition to our net interest income, we derive earnings from fee income we receive in connection with our deposits, and from gains on the sale and service of SBA loans. Our major operating expenses are the salaries and related benefits we pay our management and staff, and the rent we pay on our leased properties. We rely primarily on locally-generated deposits, mostly from the Korean-American market within California, to fund our loan activities. We currently operate nine branches in Los Angeles and Orange Counties in California, one branch in Santa Clara, California, one branch in Carrollton, Texas and one branch near Las Vegas, Nevada. We have five loan production offices in Pleasanton, California, Atlanta, Georgia, Aurora, Colorado, Lynnwood, Washington, and Fairfax, Virginia.

Banking Economy and Recent Developments

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("Federal Reserve") has maintained the Federal Funds Rate range at 4.25% to 4.50%, reflecting a continued pause in its monetary tightening cycle. While inflation has shown signs of moderation, the Federal Reserve has signaled a cautious approach, seeking to balance its dual mandate of achieving maximum employment and price stability. Recent commentary from policymakers indicates the potential for gradual rate cuts later in 2025, contingent upon further evidence of sustained disinflation and softening labor market conditions. The current rate environment continues to influence lending activity, funding costs, and credit risk assessments across the financial sector. Additionally, the volatile and uncertain political climate further complicates the economic outlook, making it increasingly difficult to anticipate the timing and magnitude of future rate adjustments. These factors present ongoing challenges for management in forecasting economic conditions and in effectively pricing both loan products and longer-term deposit offerings.

We believe we have responded effectively to the evolving dynamics of the banking environment. Our ability to navigate recent challenges is largely attributable to the continued loyalty of our customers and the dedication and expertise of our employees and management team.

The following significant items are of note as of or for the periods presented:

As of June 30, 2025 compared to as of December 31, 2024

• Total assets were $2.56 billion, up $197.6 million, or 8%, from $2.37 billion.

• Gross loans were $2.07 billion, up $114.7 million, or 6%, from $1.96 billion.

• Total deposits were $2.25 billion, up $227.4 million, or 11%, from $2.03 billion.

• Shareholders’ equity was $213.7 million, up $8.7 million, or 4%, from $205.0 million.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to three months ended June 30, 2024

• Net interest income increased to $19.7 million, up $3.5 million, or 22%, from $16.2 million.

• Net income increased to $6.3 million or $0.42 diluted EPS, up $897 thousand, or 17%, from $5.4 million or $0.36 diluted EPS.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to six months ended June 30, 2024

• Net interest income increased to $37.1 million, up $5.0 million, or 15%, from $32.2 million.

• Net income increased to $11.9 million or $0.79 diluted EPS, up $1.2 million, or 12%, from $10.7 million or $0.70 diluted EPS.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands, except share and per share data)	2025			2024			2025			2024
Income Statement Data:
Interest income	$	37,665		$	34,357		$	72,524		$	67,270
Interest expense	17,944			18,163			35,385			35,097
Net interest income	19,721			16,194			37,139			32,173
Provision for credit losses	1,206			617			1,942			762
Noninterest income	3,968			4,184			8,784			7,770
Noninterest expense	14,037			12,189			27,851			24,346
Income before income taxes	8,446			7,572			16,130			14,835
Income tax expense	2,113			2,136			4,237			4,173
Net income	6,333			5,436			11,893			10,662
Per Share Data:
Basic EPS	$	0.42		$	0.36		$	0.79		$	0.70
Diluted EPS	0.42			0.36			0.79			0.70
Book value per common share, at period-end	14.36			13.23			14.36			13.23
Shares of common stock outstanding, at period-end	14,885,614			14,816,281			14,885,614			14,816,281
Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets (1)	1.00		%	0.95		%	0.96		%	0.96		%
Return on average equity (1)	11.97			11.23			11.36			11.03
Yield on average total loans (1)	6.56			6.67			6.47			6.68
Yield on average interest-earning assets (1)	6.18			6.29			6.11			6.31
Cost of average interest-bearing liabilities (1)	4.18			4.81			4.24			4.79
Cost of deposits (1)	3.15			3.54			3.19			3.49
Net interest margin (1)	3.23			2.96			3.12			3.01
Efficiency ratio (2)	59.25			59.81			60.65			60.95

(1) Annualized.

(2) Represent noninterest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income.



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Balance Sheet Data:
Gross loans	$	2,071,580		$	1,956,852
Loans held-for-sale	20,016			4,581
Allowance for credit losses on loans	26,286			24,796
Total assets	2,563,595			2,366,013
Total deposits	2,254,728			2,027,285
Shareholders’ equity	213,718			204,993
Asset Quality Data:
Nonperforming loans to gross loans	0.43		%	0.40		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to nonperforming loans	295			317
Allowance for credit losses on loans to gross loans	1.27			1.27
Balance Sheet and Capital Ratios:
Gross loans to total deposits	91.88		%	96.53		%
Noninterest-bearing deposits to total deposits	25.09			24.91
Quarterly average equity to average total assets	8.39			8.63
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio	8.96			9.27
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	11.01			11.35
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	11.01			11.35
Total risk-based capital ratio	12.26			12.60

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates since those described in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Credit risk is inherent in the business of making loans. We establish an allowance for credit losses both on loans and off-balance sheet commitments through charges to earnings, which are shown in the statements of operations as the provision for credit losses. Specifically identifiable and quantifiable known losses are promptly charged off against the allowance. The provision for credit losses is determined by conducting a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses and charging the shortfall or excess, if any, to the current quarter’s expense. This has the effect of creating variability in the amount and frequency of charges to earnings. The provision for credit losses and level of allowance for each period are dependent upon many factors, including loan growth, net charge-offs, changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, delinquencies, management’s assessment of the quality of the loan portfolio, the valuation of problem loans and the general economic conditions in our market area.

The Company employs a modeled approach that takes into account current and future economic conditions to estimate lifetime expected losses on a collective basis. With the adoption of CECL, the Company elected not to consider accrued interest receivable in its estimated credit losses because management writes off uncollectible accrued interest receivable in a timely manner. The Company considers writing off accrued interest amounts once the amounts become 90 days past due to be considered within a timely manner. The Company has elected to write off accrued interest receivable by reversing interest income. The Company uses transition matrices to develop the Probability of Default ("PD") and Loss Given Default ("LGD") approach, incorporating quantitative factors and qualitative considerations in the calculation of the allowance for credit losses for collectively assessed loans. The model provides forecasts of PD and LGD based on national unemployment rates using regression analysis. The Company incorporates future economic conditions using a weighted multiple scenario approach: baseline and adverse. The Company applies a reasonable and supportable period of one year for the baseline scenario and two years for the adverse scenario, after which loss assumptions revert to historical loss information through a one-year reversion period for the baseline scenario and a two-year reversion period for the adverse scenario. We make critical accounting estimates, including the judgments made in the application of significant accounting policies, sensitivity to change, and the likelihood of materially different reported results if different assumptions were used.

In order to quantify the credit risk impact of other trends and changes within the loan portfolio, we utilize qualitative adjustments to the modeled estimated loss approaches. The parameters for making adjustments are established under a Credit Risk Matrix that provides different possible scenarios for each of the factors listed below. The Credit Risk Matrix and the possible scenarios enable the Bank to qualitatively adjust the loss rates. This matrix considers the following nine factors, which are patterned after the guidelines provided under the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Credit Losses, updated to reflect the adoption of CECL:

• Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and practices for collection, charge-offs, and recoveries;

• Actual and expected changes in national and local economic and business conditions and developments in which the institution operates that affect the collectivity of loans;

• Changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio;

• Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff;

• Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified loans;

• Changes in the quality of the credit review function;

• Changes in the value of the underlying collateral for loans that are not collateral-dependent;

• The existence, growth, and effect of any concentrations of credit, and

• The effect of other external factors, such as the regulatory, legal and technological environments; competition; and events such as natural disasters.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Income



	Three Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Interest income	$	37,665	$	34,357	$	3,308	10	%
Interest expense	17,944		18,163		(219)		(1)
Net interest income	19,721		16,194		3,527		22
Provision for credit losses	1,206		617		589		95
Noninterest income	3,968		4,184		(216)		(5)
Noninterest expense	14,037		12,189		1,848		15
Income before income tax expense	8,446		7,572		874		12
Income tax expense	2,113		2,136		(23)		(1)
Net income	$	6,333	$	5,436	$	897	17	%

In the second quarter of 2025, we generated net income of $6.3 million, up $897 thousand, or 17%, compared with $5.4 million in the same period a year ago. The increase was primarily driven by higher net interest income, partially offset by increases in noninterest expense and provision for credit losses.



	Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Interest income	$	72,524	$	67,270	$	5,254	8	%
Interest expense	35,385		35,097		288		1
Net interest income	37,139		32,173		4,966		15
Provision for credit losses	1,942		762		1,180		155
Noninterest income	8,784		7,770		1,014		13
Noninterest expense	27,851		24,346		3,505		14
Income before income tax expense	16,130		14,835		1,295		9
Income tax expense	4,237		4,173		64		2
Net income	$	11,893	$	10,662	$	1,231	12	%

In the first half of 2025, we generated net income of $11.9 million, up $1.2 million, or 12%, compared with $10.7 million for the same period a year ago. The increase was primarily driven by higher net interest income and noninterest income, partially offset by increases in noninterest expense and provision for credit losses.

Net Interest Income

The management of interest income and expense is fundamental to our financial performance. Net interest income, the difference between interest income and interest expense, is the largest component of our total revenue. Management closely monitors both total net interest income and the net interest margin (net interest income divided by average earning assets). We seek to maximize net interest income without exposing ourselves to excessive interest rate risk through our asset and liability policies. We manage interest rate risk by monitoring the pricing, maturity and repricing options of all classes of interest-bearing assets and liabilities. Our net interest margin also may be affected adversely from time to time when we are required to reverse previously accrued interest on loans that are reclassified as non-accrual.

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, information about: (i) weighted average balances, the total dollar amount of interest income from interest-earning assets and the resultant average yields, (ii) average balances, the total dollar amount of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and the resultant average rates, (iii) net interest income, (iv) the interest rate spread, and (v) the net interest margin.



	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025						2024
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Rate (1)		Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Rate (1)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	$	147,874	$	1,648	4.41	%	$	135,984	$	1,847	5.37	%
Other investments (2)	16,961		317		7.47		16,307		315		7.72
AFS debt securities	180,193		1,437		3.19		195,512		1,590		3.25
CRE	1,028,961		16,013		6.24		910,116		13,742		6.07
SBA	283,130		6,618		9.38		256,987		7,116		11.14
C&I	195,547		3,667		7.52		173,100		3,367		7.82
Home mortgage	587,454		7,962		5.42		501,862		6,348		5.06
Consumer and other	76		3		15.86		1,219		32		10.44
Loans (3)	2,095,168		34,263		6.56		1,843,284		30,605		6.67
Total interest-earning assets	2,440,196		37,665		6.18		2,191,087		34,357		6.29
Noninterest-earning assets	83,394						89,446
Total assets	$	2,523,590					$	2,280,533

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Money market deposits and others	$	408,667	$	3,586	3.52	%	$	338,554	$	3,494	4.15	%
Time deposits	1,267,363		13,889		4.40		1,102,587		13,849		5.05
Total interest-bearing deposits	1,676,030		17,475		4.18		1,441,141		17,343		4.84
Borrowings	46,707		469		4.04		77,314		820		4.27
Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,722,737		17,944		4.18		1,518,455		18,163		4.81
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits	547,545						529,179
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities	41,624						39,301
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities	589,169						568,480
Shareholders’ equity	211,684						193,598
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,523,590					$	2,280,533
Net interest income / interest rate spreads			$	19,721	2.00	%			$	16,194	1.48	%
Net interest margin					3.23	%					2.96	%

Cost of deposits					3.15	%					3.54	%
Cost of funds					3.17	%					3.57	%



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025						2024
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Rate (1)		Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Rate (1)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	$	136,038	$	3,020	4.41	%	$	104,515	$	2,836	5.37	%
Other investments (2)	16,716		619		7.40		16,286		637		7.82
AFS debt securities	182,409		2,933		3.22		193,448		3,050		3.15
CRE	1,014,772		30,993		6.16		906,290		27,471		6.10
SBA	274,589		12,825		9.42		257,554		14,329		11.19
C&I	203,781		7,445		7.37		154,018		6,037		7.88
Home mortgage	557,058		14,681		5.27		506,943		12,843		5.07
Consumer and other	154		8		11.27		1,303		67		10.26
Loans (3)	2,050,354		65,952		6.47		1,826,108		60,747		6.68
Total interest-earning assets	2,385,517		72,524		6.11		2,140,357		67,270		6.31
Noninterest-earning assets	80,624						88,516
Total assets	$	2,466,141					$	2,228,873

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Money market deposits and others	$	381,387	$	6,671	3.53	%	$	352,970	$	7,434	4.24	%
Time deposits	1,237,862		27,412		4.47		1,028,515		25,584		5.00
Total interest-bearing deposits	1,619,249		34,083		4.24		1,381,485		33,018		4.81
Borrowings	62,736		1,302		4.19		92,998		2,079		4.50
Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,681,985		35,385		4.24		1,474,483		35,097		4.79
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits	534,870						521,841
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities	39,829						39,253
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities	574,699						561,094
Shareholders’ equity	209,457						193,296
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,466,141					$	2,228,873
Net interest income / interest rate spreads			$	37,139	1.87	%			$	32,173	1.52	%
Net interest margin					3.12	%					3.01	%

Cost of deposits					3.19	%					3.49	%
Cost of funds					3.22	%					3.54	%

(1) Annualized.

(2) Includes FHLB and PCBB stocks, CRA qualified mutual fund and interest-earning time deposits with banks.

(3) Include loans held-for-sale.

Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates. The following tables set forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income during the period shown. Information is provided with respect to (i) effects on interest income attributable to changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by prior rate) and (ii) effects on interest income attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). Change applicable to both volume and rate have been allocated to volume and rate ratably.



	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025 vs 2024
	Increases (Decreases) Due to Change in
($ in thousands)	Volume		Rate		Total
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	$	147	$	(346)	$	(199)
Other investments	11		(9)		2
AFS debt securities	(118)		(35)		(153)
CRE	1,855		416		2,271
SBA	674		(1,172)		(498)
C&I	475		(175)		300
Home mortgage	1,313		301		1,614
Consumer and other	(37)		8		(29)
Total loans	4,280		(622)		3,658
Total interest-earning assets	4,320		(1,012)		3,308
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Money market deposits and others	717		(625)		92
Time deposits	1,959		(1,919)		40
Total interest-bearing deposits	2,676		(2,544)		132
Borrowings	(315)		(36)		(351)
Total interest-bearing liabilities	2,361		(2,580)		(219)
Net interest income	$	1,959	$	1,568	$	3,527

Comparison for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Net interest income for the second quarter of 2025 increased year-over-year, primarily driven by higher interest income on loans.

Interest income on loans increased $3.7 million, or 12%, primarily due to growth in average loan balances, partially offset by a decline in loan yields, reflecting the impact of of downward repricing on adjustable-rate loans and lower rates on new originations following last year's decreases in the federal funds rate.

Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits remained relatively unchanged, as the impact of increase in average interest-bearing deposit balances was almost offset by a decline in interest-bearing deposit costs. The decline in deposit costs reflected the repricing of deposit products in response to the last year's decreases in the federal fund rate.

As a result, net interest margin increased 27 basis points, as a 22% increase in net interest income outpaced an 11% increase in average earning assets, primarily driven by a 52 basis point increase in net interest spread.



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025 vs 2024
	Increases (Decreases) Due to Change in
($ in thousands)	Volume		Rate		Total
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	$	768	$	(584)	$	184
Federal funds sold and other investments	14		(32)		(18)
AFS debt securities	(160)		43		(117)
CRE	3,227		295		3,522
SBA	861		(2,365)		(1,504)
C&I	1,932		(524)		1,408
Home mortgage	1,562		276		1,838
Consumer and other	(62)		3		(59)
Total loans	7,520		(2,315)		5,205
Total interest-earning assets	8,142		(2,888)		5,254
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Money market deposits and others	437		(1,200)		(763)
Time deposits	4,883		(3,055)		1,828
Total interest-bearing deposits	5,320		(4,255)		1,065
Borrowings	(657)		(120)		(777)
Total interest-bearing liabilities	4,663		(4,375)		288
Net interest income	$	3,479	$	1,487	$	4,966

Comparison for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Net interest income for the first half of 2025 increased year-over-year, primarily driven by higher interest income on loans, partially offset by a modest increase in interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities.

Interest income on loans increased $5.2 million, or 9%, largely due to by growth in average loan balances. This increase was partially offset by a decline in loan yields, reflecting the impact of downward repricing on adjustable-rate loans and lower rates on new originations following last year's decreases in the federal funds rate. The decline in loan yields was further impacted by lower non-contractual components, such as reduced discount accretion income and lower interest recognized on nonaccrual loans.

Interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities increased slightly $288 thousand, or 1%, primarily due to higher average interest-bearing deposits. However, this was mostly offset by a decline in deposit costs, as interest-bearing deposits repriced downward in response to the prior year's federal fund rate cuts.

As a result, net interest margin increased 11 basis points, as a 15% increase in net interest income outpaced an 11% increase in average earning assets, primarily driven by a 35 basis point increase in net interest spread.

Provision for Credit Losses

Comparison for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Provision for credit losses was $1.2 million for the second quarter of 2025, compared with $617 thousand in the same period a year ago. The increase primarily reflected an adjustment to qualitative risk factors, driven by a cautious approach in light of ongoing economic uncertainty. The provision was also impacted by net charge-offs recognized during the quarter and higher historical loss factors, resulting from risk rating downgrades.

Comparison for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Provision for credit losses was $1.9 million for the first half of 2025, compared with $762 thousand in the same period a year ago, primarily due to persistent economic volatility. This was partially offset by lower historical loss factors, which reduced the quantitative component of the allowance calculation.

Noninterest Income

While interest income remains the largest single component of total revenues, noninterest income is also an important component. A portion of our noninterest income is associated with SBA lending activity, consisting of gains on the sale of loans sold in the secondary market and servicing income from loans sold with servicing retained. Other sources of noninterest income include service charges on deposit.

Comparison for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the second quarters of 2025 and 2024:



	Three Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposits	$	1,017	$	793	$	224	28	%
Loan servicing fees, net of amortization	900		575		325		57
Gains on sale of loans	1,441		2,325		(884)		(38)
Other income	610		491		119		24
Total noninterest income	$	3,968	$	4,184	$	(216)	(5)	%

Noninterest income for the second quarter of 2025 decreased year-over-year, primarily due to lower gains on sale of loans, partially offset by higher loan servicing fees and service charges on deposits.

Service charges on deposit increased $224 thousand, or 28%, primarily driven by higher deposit analysis fees, reflecting continued growth in the number of business customer accounts.

Loan servicing fees, net of amortization, increased $325 thousand, or 57%, primarily due to reduced amortization expense of servicing assets, resulting from reduced loan payoff activities.

Gains on sale of loans decreased $884 thousand, or 38%, primarily due to a reduced SBA loan sale activity and lower average premium rates. The Bank sold $25.3 million in SBA loans at an average premium of 7.05%, compared to sale of $32.1 million at an average premium rate of 8.58%.

Comparison for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the first halves of 2025 and 2024:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposits	$	2,017	$	1,405	$	612	44	%
Loan servicing fees, net of amortization	1,907		1,347		560		42
Gains on sale of loans	3,460		4,028		(568)		(14)
Other income	1,400		990		410		41
Total noninterest income	$	8,784	$	7,770	$	1,014	13	%

Noninterest income for the first half of 2025 increased year-over-year, primarily due to higher service charges on deposits and loan servicing fees, partially offset by lower gains on sale of loans.

Service charges on deposit increased $612 thousand, or 44%, primarily driven by higher deposit analysis fees, reflecting continued growth in the number of business customer accounts.

Loan servicing fees, net of amortization, increased $560 thousand, or 42%, primarily due to reduced amortization expense of servicing assets, resulting from reduced loan payoff activities.

Gains on sale of loans decreased $568 thousand, or 14%, primarily due to lower average premium rates. The Bank sold $56.4 million in SBA loans at an average premium of 7.62%, compared to sale of $56.9 million at an average premium rate of 8.47%.

Noninterest Expense

Comparison for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the second quarters of 2025 and 2024:



	Three Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	9,075	$	7,568	$	1,507	20	%
Occupancy and equipment	1,584		1,660		(76)		(5)
Data processing and communication	306		530		(224)		(42)
Professional fees	418		406		12		3
FDIC insurance and regulatory assessments	506		378		128		34
Promotion and advertising	232		151		81		54
Directors' fees	198		178		20		11
Foundation donation and other contributions	636		539		97		18
Other expenses	1,082		779		303		39
Total noninterest expense	$	14,037	$	12,189	$	1,848	15	%

Noninterest expense for the second quarter of 2025 increased year-over-year, primarily due to higher salaries and employee benefits and other expenses, as well as increased FDIC insurance and regulatory assessments, partially offset by a reduction in data processing and communication.

Salaries and employee benefits for the second quarter of 2025 increased $1.5 million, or 20%, primarily due higher incentive accruals as well as staffing growth and annual merit-based salary adjustments.

Data processing and communication for the second quarter of 2025 decreased $224 thousand, or 42%, primarily due to contractual credits received following the conversion to a new core banking system in the fourth quarter of 2024. These savings are expected to continue in future periods, as the new system offers more cost-effective processing capabilities. Management anticipates that data processing and communication expense will remain at a lower run rate, contributing to improved operating efficiency.

FDIC insurance and regulatory assessments for the second quarter of 2025 increased $128 thousand, or 34%, primarily due to higher FDIC assessment charges. The increase was largely driven by growth in the Bank's total assets, which expanded the assessment base, along with higher assessment rates.

Other expenses for the second quarter of 2025 increased $303 thousand, or 39%, primarily due to higher credit-related and business development expenses.

Comparison for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the first halves of 2025 and 2024:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	17,851	$	15,409	$	2,442	16	%
Occupancy and equipment	3,165		3,315		(150)		(5)
Data processing and communication	602		1,017		(415)		(41)
Professional fees	825		801		24		3
FDIC insurance and regulatory assessments	993		752		241		32
Promotion and advertising	388		300		88		29
Directors' fees	378		335		43		13
Foundation donation and other contributions	1,192		1,079		113		10
Other expenses	2,457		1,338		1,119		84
Total noninterest expense	$	27,851	$	24,346	$	3,505	14	%

Noninterest expense for the first half of 2025 increased year-over-year, primarily due to higher salaries and employee benefits and other expenses, partially offset by a reduction in data processing and communication.

Salaries and employee benefits for the first half of 2025 increased $2.4 million, or 16%, primarily due higher staffing levels to support business growth, annual merit-based salary adjustments, and increased incentive accruals.

Data processing and communication for the first half of 2025 decreased $415 thousand, or 41%, primarily due to contractual credits received following the conversion to a new core banking system in the fourth quarter of 2024. These savings are expected to continue in future periods, as the new system offers more cost-efficient processing capabilities. Management anticipates that data processing and communication expense will remain at a lower run rate, contributing to improved operating efficiency.

Other expenses for the first half of 2025 increased $1.1 million, or 84%, primarily due to higher credit-related and business development expenses.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense was $2.1 million for both the second quarters of 2025 and 2024, and $4.2 million for both the first halves of 2025 and 2024. The effective income tax rate was 25.0% and 28.2% for the second quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively, 26.3% and 28.1% for the first halves of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decreases in the effective tax rate for both periods were primarily driven by the revaluation of deferred tax assets following recent changes in California state tax legislation. Additional contributing factors included revised estimates stemming from the adoption of an enhanced interim state tax apportionment methodology, as well as higher discrete benefits associated with stock-based compensation.

We recognized net deferred tax assets of $12.6 million and $14.9 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. After evaluating all available positive and negative evidence, including recent financial performance, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies, we have concluded that it was more- likely-than-not that net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2025, will be fully realized in future periods.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Investment Portfolio

The securities portfolio is the second largest component of our interest earning assets, and the structure and composition of this portfolio is important to an analysis of our financial condition. The portfolio serves the following purposes: (i) it provides a source of pledged assets for securing certain deposits and borrowed funds, as may be required by law or by specific agreement with a depositor or lender; (ii) it provides liquidity to even out cash flows from the loan and deposit activities of customers; (iii) it can be used as an interest rate risk management tool, because it provides a large base of assets, the maturity and interest rate characteristics of which can be changed more readily than the loan portfolio to better match changes in the deposit base and our other funding sources; and (iv) it is an alternative interest-earning use of funds when loan demand is weak or when deposits grow more rapidly than loans.

We classify our debt securities as either AFS or held-to-maturity at the time of purchase. Accounting guidance requires AFS debt securities to be marked to fair value with an offset to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of shareholders’ equity. Monthly adjustments are made to reflect changes in the fair value of our available-for-sale securities.

All securities in our investment portfolio were classified as AFS debt as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. There were no held-to-maturity or trading securities in our investment portfolio as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. All AFS debt securities are carried at fair value and consist of U.S. government agencies or sponsored agency securities, and tax-exempt municipal securities.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the AFS debt securities portfolio as of the dates presented:



	June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Net Unrealized Loss		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Net Unrealized Loss
U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agency securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	38,425	$	34,806	$	(3,619)	$	41,521	$	37,076	$	(4,445)
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	149,107		134,873		(14,234)		160,187		143,041		(17,146)
Municipal securities - tax exempt	5,884		5,321		(563)		5,830		5,792		(38)
Total AFS debt securities	$	193,416	$	175,000	$	(18,416)	$	207,538	$	185,909	$	(21,629)

AFS debt securities decreased $10.9 million, or 6%, to $175.0 million as of June 30, 2025 from $185.9 million as of December 31, 2024, primarily due to a $14.1 million in paydowns of residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, partially offset by a $3.2 million decrease in unrealized loss for the six months ended June 30, 2025. No issuer of the AFS debt securities, other than U.S. Government and its agencies, comprised more than ten percent of our shareholders’ equity as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Certain securities have fair values less than amortized cost and, therefore, contain unrealized losses. The unrealized losses were primarily attributable to interest rate movement, not credit quality. These securities (Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae, and Freddie Mac) are guaranteed or sponsored by agencies of the U.S. government, and the issuers of the securities are of high credit quality. We believe that the net unrealized losses presented in the previous tables are temporary and no credit losses are expected. As a result, we expect full collection of the carrying amount of these securities, do not intend to sell the securities in an unrealized loss position, and believe it is more-likely-than-not we will not have to sell these securities prior to recovery of amortized cost. Accordingly, for AFS debt securities, we did not have allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The following table sets forth certain information regarding contractual maturities and the weighted average yields of our investment securities as of the dates presented. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.



	June 30, 2025
	Due in One Year or Less				Due after One Year Through Five Years				Due after Five Years Through Ten Years				Due after Ten Years
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield
U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agency securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	39	2.35	%	$	740	2.21	%	$	11,813	2.14	%	$	25,833	2.24	%
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		94		1.87		1,691		1.46		147,322		3.02
Municipal securities - tax exempt	—		—		—		—		—		—		5,884		5.23
Total AFS debt securities	$	39	2.35	%	$	834	2.17	%	$	13,504	2.05	%	$	179,039	2.98	%

Loans

Our loans represent the largest portion of our earning assets, substantially greater than the securities portfolio or any other asset category, and the quality and diversification of the loan portfolio is an important consideration when reviewing our financial condition.

The loan distribution table that follows sets forth our gross loans outstanding, and the percentage distribution in each category as of the dates indicated:



	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total
CRE	$	1,021,431	49	%	$	980,247	50	%
SBA—real estate	241,451		12		231,962		12
SBA—non-real estate	21,973		1		21,748		1
C&I	193,359		9		213,097		11
Home mortgage	593,256		29		509,524		26
Consumer and other	110		0		274		0
Gross loans	2,071,580		100	%	1,956,852		100	%
Allowance for credit losses	(26,286)				(24,796)
Net Loans (1)	$	2,045,294			$	1,932,056

(1) Includes net deferred loan costs (fees) and net unamortized premiums (unaccreted discounts) of $398 thousand and $(702) thousand as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Gross loans increased $114.7 million, or 6%, to $2.07 billion as of June 30, 2025 from December 31, 2024. The growth was primarily driven by new loan originations in CRE and home mortgage loans, partially offset by payoffs in both categories and paydowns in CRE loans.

Our loan portfolio is concentrated in CRE, which includes unguaranteed balances in SBA loans, home mortgage and commercial (primarily manufacturing, wholesale, and services oriented entities). We do not have any material concentrations by industry or group of industries in the loan portfolio. However, 90% of our gross loans were secured by real property as of June 30, 2025, compared to 88% as of December 31, 2024.

Loans Concentration: We have established concentration limits in the loan portfolio for CRE, C&I, and unsecured lending, among others. All loan types are within established limits. We use underwriting guidelines to assess the borrowers’ historical cash flow to determine debt service, and we further stress test the debt service under higher interest rate scenarios. Financial and performance covenants are used in commercial lending agreements to allow us to react to a borrower’s deteriorating financial condition, should that occur.

Loans — CRE: Our CRE loans include both owner-occupied and non-occupied properties. We originate a mix of fixed- and adjustable-rate loans, with adjustable rates tied to the Wall Street Journal prime rate. As of June 30, 2025, our CRE loans totaled $1.02 billion , up from $980.2 million as of December 31, 2024. During the first half of 2025, we originated $109.6 million in new CRE loans. Approximately 79% of the CRE portfolio consisted of fixed-rate loans as of June 30, 2025, compared to 76% as of December 31, 2024. Our policy sets the maximum loan-to-value ("LTV") for CRE at 70%. Our weighted average LTV ratio was 48% as of June 30, 2025, compared to 54% as of December 31, 2024.

Loans — SBA : We are designated as an SBA Preferred Lender under the SBA Preferred Lender Program. We offer mostly SBA 7(a) variable-rate loans. We generally sell the 75% guaranteed portion of the SBA loans that we originate. Our SBA loans are typically made to small-sized manufacturing, wholesale, retail, hotel/motel and service businesses for working capital needs or business expansions. SBA loans have maturities up to 25 years. Typically, non-real estate secured loans mature in less than 10 years. Collateral may also include inventory, accounts receivable and equipment, and may include personal guarantees. Our unguaranteed SBA loans collateralized by real estate are monitored by collateral type and included in our CRE Concentration Guidance.

As of June 30, 2025, our SBA portfolio totaled $263.4 million, up from $253.7 million as of December 31, 2024. Of the total portfolio, $241.5 million was secured by real estate, while $22.0 million was either unsecured or secured by business assets. In comparison, as of December 31, 2024, $232.0 million was secured by real estate and $21.7 million was either unsecured or secured by business assets.

Loans — C&I: C&I loans totaled $193.4 million as of June 30, 2025, down from $213.1 million as of December 31, 2024.

Loans - Home Mortgage: We originate mainly non-qualified, alternative documentation single-family home mortgage loans (“home mortgage”) primarily through our retail branch network and our correspondent lender network. The primary loan product is a five-year or seven-year hybrid adjustable rate mortgage, which reprices after five years to a selected SOFR plus certain spreads. We also purchase residential mortgage loans from third party mortgage originators based on the review of their underwriting and file quality as opportunities arise.

Home mortgage loans totaled $593.3 million as of June 30, 2025, up from $509.5 million as of December 31, 2024. During the first half of 2025, we originated $128.8 million in new home mortgage loans. There were no home mortgage loan purchases from third party mortgage originators during the first half of 2025.

Loan Servicing

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we serviced $708.0 million and $700.9 million, respectively, of SBA loans for others. For additional information on the servicing assets, see " Note 5 — Serving Assets ".

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company maintains its allowance for credit losses at a level it believes is adequate to absorb estimated future credit losses in accordance with GAAP. For further details on the policies, methodologies and significant judgments used in determining the allowance, refer to Item 7. MD&A — Critical Accounting Estimates and Item 8. Financial Statements — Note 1— Business and Basis of Presentation to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Note 3 — Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

The allowance for credit losses on loans was $26.3 million as of June 30, 2025, an increase of $1.5 million from $24.8 million as of December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by loan growth in CRE and home mortgage loan portfolios, as well as higher historical loss factors, resulting from risk rating downgrades.

Analysis of the Allowance for Credit Losses

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by loan segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:



	As of and for the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025										2024
($ in thousands)	Beginning		Provision (Reversal)		Net (Charge-offs) Recoveries			Ending			Beginning		Provision (Reversal)		Net (Charge-offs) Recoveries		Ending
CRE	$	9,010	$	9	$	(49)		$	8,970		$	8,044	$	(118)	$	—	$	7,926
SBA—real estate	5,381		931		(413)			5,899			2,793		134		—		2,927
SBA—non- real estate	512		(17)		4			499			229		20		4		253
C&I	1,710		(372)		121			1,459			1,663		488		—		2,151
Home mortgage	8,755		704		—			9,459			9,391		108		—		9,499
Consumer	—		—		—			—			9		(5)		$	—	4
Total	$	25,368	$	1,255	$	(337)	(337)	$	26,286		$	22,129	$	627	$	4	$	22,760
Gross loans								$	2,071,580								$	1,870,106
Average gross loans								$	2,076,965								$	1,832,867
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average gross loans (1)								(0.06)		%							0.00		%
Allowance for credit losses to gross loans								1.27		%							1.22		%



	As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025									2024
($ in thousands)	Beginning		Provision (Reversal)		Net (Charge-offs) Recoveries		Ending			Beginning		Provision (Reversal)		Net (Charge-offs) Recoveries		Ending
CRE	$	9,290	$	(271)	$	(49)	$	8,970		$	7,915	$	11	$	—	$	7,926
SBA—real estate	5,557		755		(413)		5,899			1,657		1,336		(66)		2,927
SBA—non- real estate	418		72		9		499			147		91		15		253
C&I	1,844		(477)		92		1,459			1,215		936		—		2,151
Home mortgage	7,684		1,866		(91)		9,459			11,045		(1,544)		(2)		9,499
Consumer	3		(3)		—		—			14		(10)		$	—	4
Total	$	24,796	$	1,942	$	(452)	$	26,286		$	21,993	$	820	$	(53)	$	22,760
Gross loans							$	2,071,580								$	1,870,106
Average gross loans							$	2,036,656								$	1,815,032
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average gross loans (1)							(0.04)		%							(0.01)		%
Allowance for credit losses to gross loans							1.27		%							1.22		%

(1) Annualized

The following table presents an allocation of the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amount		% to Total		Amount		% to Total
CRE	$	8,970	34	%	$	9,290	38	%
SBA—real estate	5,899		22		5,557		22
SBA—non- real estate	499		2		418		2
C&I	1,459		6		1,844		7
Home mortgage	9,459		36		7,684		31
Consumer	—		—		3		0
Total	$	26,286	100	%	$	24,796	100	%

Nonperforming Assets

Loans are considered delinquent when principal or interest payments are past due 30 days or more. Delinquent loans may remain on accrual status between 30 days and 90 days past due. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as non-accrual loans. Typically, the accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when principal or interest payments are 90 days past due or when, in the opinion of management, there is a reasonable doubt as to collectability in the normal course of business. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, all interest previously accrued, but not collected, is reversed against current period interest income. Income on non-accrual loans is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash is received, and the loan’s principal balance is deemed collectible. Loans are restored to accrual status when loans become well-secured and management believes full collectability of principal and interest is probable.

Nonperforming loans include loans that are 90 days past due and still accruing, loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis, and accruing restructured loans. Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans plus OREO.

Nonperforming loans were $8.9 million as of June 30, 2025, compared to $7.8 million as of December 31, 2024. Nonperforming loans excluded the guaranteed portion of SBA loans of $13.9 million and $16.3 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Real estate we acquire as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as OREO until being sold, and is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. As of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, OREO totaled $1.2 million, which is secured by a mix-use property in Los Angeles with 90% guaranteed by SBA.

The following table sets forth the allocation of our nonperforming assets among our different asset categories as of the dates indicated. Nonperforming loans include non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, and loans modified under troubled debt restructurings.



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans	$	8,916		$	7,820
Past due loans 90 days or more and still accruing	—			—
Total nonperforming loans (1)	8,916			7,820
OREO	1,237			1,237
Total nonperforming assets	$	10,153		$	9,057

Nonperforming loans to gross loans	0.43		%	0.40		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.40			0.38
Allowance for credit losses on loans to nonperforming loans	295			317

(1) Excludes guaranteed portion of SBA loans of $13.9 million and $16.3 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Deposits and Other Sources of Funds

We gather deposits primarily through our branch locations. We offer a variety of deposit products including demand deposits accounts, interest-bearing products, savings accounts and certificate of deposits. We dedicate continuing effort into gathering noninterest demand deposits accounts through marketing to our existing and new loan customers, customer referrals, our marketing staff and various involvement with community networks.

The following table show the composition of deposits by type as of the dates presented:



	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	565,683	25	%	$	504,928	25	%
Interest-bearing:
Money market and others	431,252		19		329,095		16
Time deposits (greater than $250)	643,350		29		565,813		28
Time deposits ($250 or less)	614,443		27		627,449		31
Total interest-bearing	1,689,045		75		1,522,357		75
Total deposits	$	2,254,728	100	%	$	2,027,285	100	%

The following tables set forth the maturity of time deposits as of June 30, 2025:



	Maturity Within:
($ in thousands)	Three Months		Three to Six Months		Six to Twelve Months		After Twelve Months		Total
Time deposits (greater than $250)	$	235,531	$	146,560	$	261,259	$	—	$	643,350
Time deposits ($250 or less)	257,458		150,671		204,126		2,188		614,443
Total time deposits	$	492,989	$	297,231	$	465,385	$	2,188	$	1,257,793

Other than deposits, we also utilized FHLB advances as a supplementary funding source to finance our operations. The advances from the FHLB are collateralized by residential and CRE loans. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had maximum borrowing capacity from the FHLB of $727.8 million and $677.0 million, respectively. We had borrowings from FHLB of $50.0 million and $95.0 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had estimated uninsured deposits of $1.2 billion, or 51% of total deposits, and $961.7 million, or 47% of total deposits, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity refers to our ability to meet the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers, while at the same time meeting our operating, capital and strategic cash flow needs, while effectively balancing the related costs. We continuously monitor our liquidity position to ensure that assets and liabilities are managed in a manner that will meet all short-term and long-term cash requirements. We manage our liquidity position to meet the daily cash flow needs of customers, while maintaining an appropriate balance between assets and liabilities to meet the return on investment objectives of our shareholders. Our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements are primarily met through cash flow from operations, redeployment of prepaying and maturing balances in our loan and investment portfolios, and increases in customer deposits. Other alternative sources of funds will supplement these primary sources to the extent necessary to meet additional liquidity requirements on either a short-term or long-term basis.

Deposits are the primary funding source for the Bank. Deposits provide a stable source of funding and reduce our reliance on the wholesale funding markets. The following table presents the loan and deposit balances, the loans-to-deposit ratios, and deposits as a percentage of total liabilities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Deposits	$	2,254,728		$	2,027,285
Deposits as a % of total liabilities	96		%	94		%
Loans, net	$	2,045,294		$	1,932,056
Loans-to-deposits ratio	91		%	95		%

In addition to deposits, we have access to various sources of wholesale funding, as well as borrowing capacity at the FHLB, Federal Reserve, and correspondent banks to sustain an adequate liquid asset portfolio, meet daily cash demands and allow management flexibility to execute the business strategy. Economic conditions and the stability of capital markets impact the access to and the cost of wholesale funding. The access to capital markets is also affected by the ratings received from various credit rating agencies.

We had $100.0 million of unsecured federal funds lines with no amounts advanced as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. In addition, on such dates we had lines of credit from the Federal Reserve discount window of $223.4 million and $215.1 million, respectively. The Federal Reserve discount window lines were collateralized by a pool of CRE loans and C&I loans totaling $309.2 million and $278.9 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We had no borrowings outstanding with the Federal Reserve as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. Our borrowing on these lines of credits is based upon our eligible collateral and thus may fluctuate from time to time.

Based on the values of loans pledged as collateral, we had $443.2 million of additional borrowing availability with the FHLB as of June 30, 2025. We also maintain relationships in the capital markets with brokers to issue certificates of deposit and money market accounts.

We maintain ample access to liquidity, including highly liquid assets on our balance sheet and available unused borrowings from other financial institutions. The following table presents our liquid assets and available borrowings as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:



($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024			% Change
Liquid assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	205,388		$	134,943		52	%
AFS debt securities	175,000			185,909			(6)
Liquid assets	$	380,388		$	320,852		19	%
Liquid assets to total deposits	17		%	16		%
Available borrowings:
FHLB	$	443,207		$	401,900		10	%
Federal Reserve Bank	223,373			215,115			4
Pacific Coast Bankers Bank	50,000			50,000			—
Zions Bank	25,000			25,000			—
First Horizon Bank	25,000			25,000			—
Total available borrowings	$	766,580		$	717,015		7	%
Total available borrowings to total deposits	34		%	35		%

Liquid assets and available borrowings to total deposits	51		%	51		%

In addition to contractual obligations, other commitments of us impact liquidity. These include unused commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit. Since many of these commitments expire without being drawn upon, and each customer must continue to meet the conditions established in the contract, the total amount of these commercial commitments does not necessarily represent the future cash requirements of us. Our liquidity sources have been, and are expected to be, sufficient to meet the cash requirements of our lending activities. Information about our loan commitments, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit is provided in Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Report.

Capital Requirements

We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking regulators, although, as a “smaller bank holding company,” we are not subject to most of these standards at the holding company level. These standards are, however, applicable to the Bank, and failure to meet regulatory capital requirements may result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework

for “prompt corrective action”, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting policies. The capital amounts and classifications are subject to qualitative judgments by the federal banking regulators regarding components, risk weightings and other factors. Qualitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy required us to maintain minimum amounts and various ratios of CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets, referred to as the “leverage ratio.”

The table below summarizes the capital requirements applicable to us and the Bank in order to be considered “well-capitalized” from a regulatory perspective, as well as our and the Bank’s capital ratios as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules and were considered to be “well-capitalized” as of the dates reflected in the table below. As of June 30, 2025, the FDIC categorized us as well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action framework. There have been no conditions or events since June 30, 2025 that management believes would change this classification.



As of June 30, 2025	Actual (1)				Regulatory Capital Ratio Requirements				Minimum to be Considered "Well Capitalized"				Regulatory Capital Ratio Requirements, including fully phased in Capital Conservation Buffer
($ in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	252,936	12.26	%	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	250,705		12.15		$	165,139	8.00	%	$	206,424	10.00	%	$	216,746	10.50	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	227,148		11.01		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	224,902		10.90		123,855		6.00		165,139		8.00		175,461		8.50
CET1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	227,148		11.01		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	224,902		10.90		92,891		4.50		134,176		6.50		144,497		7.00
Tier 1 leverage (to average assets)
Consolidated	227,148		8.96		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	224,902		8.87		101,435		4.00		126,793		5.00		101,435		4.00

(1) The capital requirements are only applicable to the Bank, and our ratios are included for comparison purpose.



As of December 31, 2024	Actual (1)				Regulatory Capital Ratio Requirements				Minimum to be Considered "Well Capitalized"				Regulatory Capital Ratio Requirements, including fully phased in Capital Conservation Buffer
($ in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	244,659	12.60	%	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	242,966		12.50		$	155,463	8.00	%	$	194,328	10.00	%	$	204,053	10.50	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	220,390		11.35		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	218,675		11.25		116,597		6.00		155,463		8.00		165,186		8.50
CET1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Consolidated	220,390		11.35		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	218,675		11.25		87,448		4.50		126,313		6.50		136,035		7.00
Tier 1 leverage (to average assets)
Consolidated	220,390		9.27		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Bank	218,675		9.20		95,055		4.00		118,819		5.00		95,055		4.00

(1) The capital requirements are only applicable to the Bank, and our ratios are included for comparison purpose.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss due to changes in market values of assets and liabilities. We incur market risk in the normal course of business through exposures to market interest rates, equity prices, and credit spreads. We have identified interest rate risk as our primary source of market risk.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and value arising from changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk arises from timing differences in the repricing and maturities of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (repricing risk), changes in the expected maturities of assets and liabilities arising from embedded options, such as borrowers’ ability to prepay home mortgage loans at any time and depositors’ ability to redeem certificates of deposit before maturity (option risk), changes in the shape of the yield curve where interest rates increase or decrease in a nonparallel fashion (yield curve risk), and changes in spread relationships between different yield curves, such as U.S. Treasuries and SOFR (basis risk).

Our board’s asset liability management committee, or ALM, establishes broad policy limits with respect to interest rate risk. Our management’s asset liability committee, or ALCO, establishes specific operating guidelines within the parameters of the policies set by the ALM. In general, we seek to minimize the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income and the economic values of assets and liabilities. Our ALCO monitors the level of interest rate risk sensitivity on a quarterly basis to ensure compliance with the ALM-approved risk limits. The policy requires a periodic review of all key assumptions used, such as identifying appropriate interest rate scenarios, setting loan prepayment rates based on historical analysis, and noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposit durations based on historical analysis.

Interest rate risk management is an active process that encompasses monitoring loan and deposit flows complemented by investment and funding activities. Effective management of interest rate risk begins with understanding the dynamic characteristics of assets and liabilities and determining the appropriate interest rate risk posture given business forecasts, management objectives, market expectations, and policy constraints.

An asset sensitive position refers to a balance sheet position in which an increase in short-term interest rates is expected to generate higher net interest income, as rates earned on our interest-earning assets would reprice upward more quickly than rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, thus expanding our net interest margin. Conversely, a liability sensitive position refers to a balance sheet position in which an increase in short-term interest rates is expected to generate

lower net interest income, as rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities would reprice upward more quickly than rates earned on our interest-earning assets, thus compressing our net interest margin.

Interest rate risk measurement is calculated and reported to the ALCO and ALM at least quarterly. The information reported includes period-end results and identifies any policy limits exceeded, along with an assessment of the policy limit breach and the action plan and timeline for resolution, mitigation, or assumption of the risk.

Evaluation of Interest Rate Risk

We use a net interest income simulation model to measure and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income. We run various hypothetical interest rate scenarios at least quarterly and compare these results against a scenario with no changes in interest rates. We use two approaches to model interest rate risk: Earnings at Risk, or EAR, and Economic Value of Equity, or EVE. Under EAR, net interest income is modeled utilizing various assumptions for assets and liabilities. EVE measures the period end market value of assets minus the market value of liabilities and the change in this value as rates change. EVE is a period end measurement.

Our simulation model incorporates various assumptions, which we believe are reasonable but which may have a significant impact on results such as: (i) the timing of changes in interest rates; (ii) shifts or rotations in the yield curve; (iii) re-pricing characteristics for market-rate-sensitive instruments; (iv) varying loan prepayment speeds for different interest rate scenarios; and (v) the overall growth and mix of assets and liabilities. Because of limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulation results are not intended as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on our results but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate asset-liability management strategies and manage our interest rate risk.

Potential changes to our net interest income in hypothetical rising and declining rate scenarios calculated as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are presented in the following table. The projections assume (1) immediate, parallel shifts downward of the yield curve of 100, 200 and 300 basis points and (2) immediate, parallel shifts upward of the yield curve of 100, 200, and 300 basis points over 12 months.



	Net Interest Sensitivity				Economic Value of Equity Sensitivity
	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
+300 basis points	2.47	%	7.10	%	(19.24)	%	(21.91)	%
+200 basis points	2.27		5.28		(9.00)		(11.24)
+100 basis points	1.28		2.80		(2.62)		(3.95)
-100 basis points	(0.50)		(2.04)		1.36		3.43
-200 basis points	1.57		(2.29)		(2.74)		1.76
-300 basis points	6.21		(1.05)		(10.76)		(3.20)

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

The Company’s management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered in this Report. Based on such evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its President and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act), during the period covered by this Report, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, we are subject to legal proceedings or claims. Management has reviewed all legal claims against us and possible loss contingencies, and does not expect the amounts to be material to any of the consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with the information included elsewhere in this Report and other documents we file with the SEC. The following risks and uncertainties described below are those that we have identified as material. Events or circumstances arising from one or more of these risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects and the value and price of our common stock could decline. The risks identified below are not a comprehensive list of all risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we may currently view as not material, may also adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Business

Interruptions, cyberattacks, fraudulent activity or other security breaches may have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our business is highly dependent on the collection, storage, transmittal, sharing, processing and retention of information about our customers and employees. To accomplish these activities, we rely heavily upon electronic infrastructure that we own or that we obtain via license or other contractual arrangements with third parties. These technologies affect, among other things, our customers’ ability to access and transfer funds, initiate and pay loans and leases, communicate with our customer service teams, and engage in a variety of other activities that form the foundation of modern financial services businesses. Likewise, our employee data and related technologies allow us to communicate with our employees about routine and extraordinary matters, compensate our staff, maintain timekeeping, payroll and benefits records, and comply with an increasingly complex web of labor and employment laws and regulations. The loss, interruption or disruption of these systems may damage our relationships with customers and correspondingly may harm our reputation. Compromises or interruptions in our employment-related systems may cause challenges in our relationships with our employees, upon whom we are heavily dependent in the conduct of our business and the development and maintenance of our relationships with customers and prospective customers.

There have been a number of recent and well-publicized incidents involving various types of cybersecurity lapses, some of which have had substantial adverse impacts upon targeted businesses and on customers of even some of the world’s most prominent cybersecurity and financial services firms. Similarly, extremely sophisticated criminal and nation-state organizations routinely target and exploit information technology networks, data systems, and other critical infrastructure. One of the most prominent recent events resulted in a widespread failure of a large cybersecurity platform, some of the consequences of which are not yet, and may not soon be, fully known or estimable.

We devote significant resources and management focus to ensuring the integrity of our systems against cybercriminals and similar actors, as well as against threats from fires and other natural disasters; power or telecommunications failures; acts of terrorism or wars or other catastrophic events; breaches, physical break-ins or errors resulting in interruptions and unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, through information security and business continuity programs. Likewise, we have made, and we continue to make, substantial investments in systems that are intended to protect against these vulnerabilities, including real-time threat detection and warning, security programs and protocols, backup and alternative-access systems, virus and malware protection programs, and a wide variety of other protective measures.

Notwithstanding these investments, cybersecurity measures are, by their nature, largely reactive, and threats are constantly evolving. We expect that the development of AI-based technologies will accelerate both the number and the sophistication of these threats. We routinely experience attempts to exploit our networks and systems, and we must continue investing in increasingly advanced (and concomitantly expensive) technology to counteract these threats. Further, if our systems cannot timely detect and mitigate vulnerabilities, or cannot promptly respond to threats, we may experience

damage to or interruptions in the availability of our computer networks, or we may experience a loss of data, unauthorized use or disclosure of customer information, or a loss of customer funds as a result of unauthorized access to customer accounts. Likewise, breaches of our payroll, benefits, and other employee-related systems may give rise to liability under employment laws and may damage our relationships with our employees. Further, we may have a limited ability to enforce warranties, indemnities or other remedies against the providers of these systems in the event we incur a loss.

Disruptions or failures in the physical infrastructure, controls or operating systems that support our businesses and customers, failures of the third parties on which we rely to adequately or appropriately provide their services or perform their responsibilities, or our failure to effectively manage or oversee our third-party relationships, could result in business disruptions, loss of revenue or customers, legal or regulatory proceedings, remediation and other costs, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, reputational damage, customer harm, or other adverse consequences, any of which could materially adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition. Further, new and evolving SEC regulations, as well as federal and state banking and consumer privacy laws and regulations, could require us to provide notices of security breaches. Such disclosures could result in increased regulatory scrutiny, exacerbate our potential legal liability, and result in a loss of confidence in the security of our systems or an adverse perception of our products and services.

The access by unauthorized persons to, or the improper disclosure by us or our third-party vendors of, confidential information regarding our customers or our own proprietary information, software, methodologies and business secrets, failures or disruptions in our communications, information and technology systems, or our failure to adequately address them, could negatively affect our customer relationship management, online banking, accounting or other systems. We cannot assure readers that such breaches, failures or interruptions will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed by us or the third parties on which we rely.

Accordingly, any failures or interruptions of our communications, information and technology systems could damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our profitability is dependent upon the geographic concentration of the markets in which we operate.

A substantial portion of our business is derived from our commercial banking activities in the Los Angeles, California, Metropolitan Area. As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations are subject to the demand for our products in those areas and is also subject to changes in the economic conditions in those areas. Our success depends upon the business activity, population, income levels, deposits and real estate activity in these markets. Further, although we have significant lending and deposit relationships in other areas, and our clients’ business and financial interests may extend well beyond these market areas, adverse economic conditions that affect these market areas could reduce our growth rate, affect the ability of our clients to repay their loans to us, could impair the value of the collateral securing our loans, or otherwise could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Because of our geographic concentration, we are less able than regional or national financial institutions to diversify demand for our products or our credit risks across multiple markets.

Similarly, geologic, weather-related, and other hazards such as wildfires, earthquakes, droughts, floods and storms, frequently threaten our markets, and in certain circumstances could be expected to have a disproportionate effect on our business as compared to financial institutions whose client and asset bases are more diversified. Such events may harm our business directly or may harm our clients and prospective clients in a way that increases the risks of defaults on our loans, reduces the value of our collateral, and increases clients’ need for liquidity, thus reducing our deposit base and potentially increasing our costs of funds.

We may not keep pace with technological developments in the financial services industry.

The financial services industry is subject to rapid technological changes, the effect of which on our business are difficult to predict. We expect that new services and technologies applicable to our industry will continue to emerge and evolve, and these new services and technologies may be superior to, or may render obsolete, the technologies we currently utilize in our products and services. These technologies often are expensive, and many of them are unproven, as a result of which we may delay adoption or implementation of these products. Further, as these technologies develop, they may pose a greater than ordinary risk of additional cybersecurity breaches. However, customers are often drawn to these products and services, which poses both a competitive risk and a cybersecurity risk to us. If we cannot adopt and implement financial

services technologies at a cost and with a level of security that allows us to keep pace with our competitors and with customer expectations, we may face challenges to our revenues, and we may lose customers or fail to attract new customers. Further, if these products were to fail to perform as expected, we may face increase cybersecurity risks and customer dissatisfaction. These outcomes, alone or in combination with other factors, may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations could be disrupted by our third-party service providers experiencing difficulty in providing their services, terminating their services or failing to comply with banking regulations.

We depend to a significant extent on relationships with third-party service providers. Specifically, we utilize third party core banking services and receive credit card and debit card services, branch capture services, Internet banking services and services complementary to our banking products from various third party service providers. These types of third-party relationships are subject to increasingly demanding regulatory requirements that require us to maintain and continue to enhance our due diligence and ongoing monitoring and control over our third-party vendors. We may be required to renegotiate our agreements to meet these enhanced requirements, which could increase our costs or which may be impracticable. If our service providers experience difficulties or terminate their services and we are unable to replace them, our operations could be interrupted. It may be difficult for us to timely replace some of our service providers, which may be at a higher cost due to the unique services they provide. A third-party provider may fail to provide the services we require, or meet contractual requirements, comply with applicable laws and regulations, or suffer a cyberattack or other security breach. Further, many of our agreements with these providers limit our ability to recover for even negligent actions that may result in customer losses or regulatory actions. Regulatory requirements typically apply to financial institutions rather than to the service providers, and we expect that our regulators would hold us responsible for deficiencies of our third-party relationships which could result in enforcement actions, including civil money penalties or other administrative or judicial penalties or fines, or client remediation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Adverse conditions in Asia and elsewhere could adversely affect our business.

Although we believe we have minimal exposure to customers that have direct economic ties to South Korea and other countries in Asia, many of our customers maintain significant investment, business, and other ties to the region. As a result, we are still likely to feel the effects of adverse economic and political conditions in South Korea and Asia, including the effects of rising inflation or slowing growth and volatility in the real estate and stock markets in South Korea and elsewhere in Asia. U.S. and global economic policies, military tensions in North Korea, and unfavorable global economic conditions may adversely impact the South Korean and other Asian economies. In addition, pandemics and other public health crises or concerns over the possibility of such crises could create economic and financial disruptions in the region. The coronavirus pandemic has had a material adverse effect on the Asian economies. A significant deterioration of economic conditions in Asia, and in South Korea in particular, could expose us to, among other things, economic and transfer risk, and we could experience an outflow of deposits by those of our customers with connections to Asia. Transfer risk may result when an entity is unable to obtain the foreign exchange needed to meet its obligations or to provide liquidity. This may adversely impact the recoverability of investments with, or loans made to, such entities. Adverse economic conditions in Asia, and in South Korea in particular, may also negatively impact asset values and the profitability and liquidity of our customers who operate in this region.

Increasing challenges in credit markets and the effects on our current and future borrowers have adversely affected, and in the future may adversely affect, our loan portfolio and may result in losses or increasing provision expense.

Although the Federal Reserve System (commonly referred to as “the Fed”) has recently made modest incremental reductions in benchmark interest rates, the current interest rate environment remains significantly elevated from those of the recent past, and recent indications as of the date of this report are that further reductions are uncertain as to both timing and degree. Interest rates affect both our ability to reprice variable-rate loans and to originate new fixed-rate loans, and in times of significant uncertainty about interest rates, such as the present, clients and prospective investors often reduce their borrowing levels, which tends to have a deflating effect on our outstanding loan balances and thus on our interest income.

Although the Fed has indicated in recent public statements that economic conditions appeared to have stabilized, the committee has held benchmark rates steady, and, as a result, we are unable to predict changes in future interest rates. Further, even if adjustments are made, the effect on overall markets remains uncertain. If rates resume increasing, or if they continue to remain at relatively elevated levels for prolonged periods, our borrowers may experience increasing difficulty

in repaying their loans. Further, borrowers may defer additional borrowing decisions pending the resolution of both the political and market uncertainties.

Changes in interest rates also can affect the value of loans, investment securities and other assets. Rising interest rates will result in a decline in value of the fixed-rate debt securities we hold in our investment securities portfolio. The unrealized losses resulting from holding these securities would be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income and reduce total shareholders’ equity. Unrealized losses do not negatively impact our regulatory capital ratios. However, tangible common equity and the associated ratios would be reduced. If debt securities in an unrealized loss position are sold, such losses become realized and will reduce our regulatory capital ratios.

To the extent interest rates remain relatively elevated, or if economic conditions affecting our borrowers worsen, our allowance for credit losses and related provision could be negatively impacted, which would result in a reduction in net income for the corresponding period, or in some cases we may experience losses in excess of established reserves, which would have a similar effect. At the same time, even if interest rates stabilize or if reductions are less significant than clients expect, we may confront a loss of demand that adversely affects our interest earning assets. Either of these outcomes, alone or in combination with other factors, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Liquidity risks could affect operations and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Liquidity is essential to our business. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans and/or investment securities and through other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. Our most important source of funds consists of our customer deposits. Such deposit balances can decrease when customers perceive alternative investments, such as money market funds, bonds and the stock market, as providing a better risk/return tradeoff. If customers move money out of bank deposits and into other investments, we could lose a relatively low cost source of funds, which would require us to seek wholesale funding alternatives or to rely on existing credit lines in order to continue to grow, thereby increasing our funding costs and reducing our net interest income and net income.

Any decline in available funding could adversely impact our ability to continue to implement our strategic plan, including our ability to originate loans, invest in securities, meet our expenses, or to fulfill obligations such as repaying our borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Loans

Because a significant portion of our loan portfolio is comprised of real estate loans, negative changes in the economy affecting real estate values and liquidity could impair the value of collateral securing our real estate loans and result in loan and other losses.

As of June 30, 2025 , approximately 90% of our loan portfolio was comprised of loans with real estate as a primary or secondary component of collateral. As a result, adverse developments affecting real estate values in our market areas could increase the credit risk associated with our real estate loan portfolio. The market value of real estate can fluctuate significantly in a short period of time as a result of market conditions in the geographic area in which the real estate is located. Real estate values and real estate markets are generally affected by changes in national, regional or local economic conditions, the rate of unemployment, fluctuations in interest rates and the availability of loans to potential purchasers, changes in tax laws and other governmental statutes, regulations and policies and acts of nature, such as earthquakes and other natural disasters. Adverse changes affecting real estate values and the liquidity of real estate in one or more of our markets could increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio, significantly impair the value of property pledged as collateral on loans and affect our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure without a loss or additional losses, which could result in losses that would adversely affect profitability. Moreover, a substantial portion of the collateral underlying our real estate loans is located in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area, which recently has experienced an unprecedented series of wildfires that destroyed or heavily damaged some properties and rendered others inaccessible. We have not yet fully determined whether or to what extent these events have affected our loan portfolio or the underlying collateral, and the ultimate effects may not be determinable in the foreseeable future. These events and the related declines and losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Many of our loans are to commercial borrowers, which have a higher degree of risk than other types of loans.

As of June 30, 2025 , we had $1.48 billion of commercial loans, consisting of $1.02 billion of CRE loans, $263.4 million of SBA loans, and $193.4 million of C&I loans, including trade finance loans, for which real estate is not the primary source of collateral. Commercial loans represented 71% of our total loan portfolio as of June 30, 2025 . Commercial loans are often larger and involve greater risks than other types of lending. Because payments on such loans are often dependent on the successful operation or development of the property or business involved, repayment of such loans is often more sensitive than other types of loans to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the general business climate and economy. Accordingly, a downturn in the real estate market and a challenging business and economic environment may increase our risk related to commercial loans, particularly CRE loans. Unlike home mortgage loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to make repayment from their employment and other income and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial loans typically are made on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the commercial venture. Our C&I loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the collateral underlying the loans. Most often, collateral consists of accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. Inventory and equipment may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. Accounts receivable may be uncollectable. If the cash flow from business operations is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Due to the larger average size of each commercial loan as compared with other loans such as residential loans, as well as collateral that is generally less readily-marketable, losses incurred on a small number of commercial loans could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to our Management and Employees

We are highly dependent on our management team, and the loss of our senior executive officers or other key employees could harm our ability to implement our strategic plan, impair our relationships with customers and adversely affect our business, results of operations and growth prospects.

Our success depends, in large degree, on the skills of our management team and our ability to retain, recruit and motivate key officers and employees. Our senior management team has significant industry experience, and their knowledge and relationships would be difficult to replace. Further, we believe that our focus on particular aspects of our communities, including the Korean culture and language and our Christian leadership principles, would call for any replacements to embody these same traits, which may make it more difficult to replace management team members and other employees who leave the Company or who retire. Beginning in August 2024, we announced a leadership transition plan, and that plan remains ongoing, with the retirement of our Chair of the Board and our Chief Executive Officer and the appointment of a new Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer having occurred in recent months in accordance with this plan. Although most of the individual successors have many years of experience with the Company and the Bank, each of them has transitioned to new roles. We cannot predict whether any or all of these changes will be successful or that we will be able to recruit additional qualified personnel as our business continues to evolve. Competition for senior executives and skilled personnel in the financial services and banking industry is intense, which means the cost of hiring, incentivizing and retaining talent may continue to increase. We need to continue to attract and retain key employees and to recruit qualified individuals to succeed existing key personnel to ensure the continued growth and successful operation of our business. In addition, as a provider of relationship-based commercial banking services, we must attract and retain qualified banking personnel to continue to grow our business, and competition for such personnel can be intense. Our ability to compete effectively for senior executives and other qualified personnel by offering competitive compensation and benefit arrangements may be restricted by applicable banking laws and regulations. In addition, to attract and retain personnel with appropriate skills and knowledge to support our business, we may offer a variety of benefits, which could reduce our earnings. The loss of the services of any senior executive, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Employee misconduct could expose us to significant legal liability and reputational harm.

We are vulnerable to reputational harm because we operate in an industry in which integrity and the confidence of our customers are of critical importance. Our employees could engage in fraudulent, illegal, wrongful or suspicious activities, and/or activities resulting in consumer harm that adversely affects our customers and/or our business. The precautions we take to detect and prevent such misconduct may not always be effective, and in some circumstances may

result in financial losses or losses of protected information concerning our customers. These circumstances may jeopardize our reputation with the affected customers or, in certain situations, may result in a public erosion of confidence in our Bank or in our management team. Moreover, may types of employee misconduct can expose us to regulatory sanctions such as fines, regulatory orders, and restrictions on our operations. Public disclosure of such events also may affect our ability to attract new customers or to maintain positive relationships with existing customers. Employee misconduct is not always insured, and certain types of conduct are not insurable. Even where insurance is in force, the results may exceed the scope or financial limits of our insurance coverage, Substantial losses as a result of employee misconduct could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to our Credit Quality

Our business depends on our ability to successfully manage credit risk.

The operation of our business requires us to manage credit risk. As a lender, we are exposed to the risk that our borrowers will be unable to repay their loans according to their terms, and that the collateral securing repayment of their loans, if any, may not be sufficient to ensure repayment. In addition, there are risks inherent in making any loan, including risks with respect to the period of time over which the loan may be repaid, risks relating to proper loan underwriting, risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions and risks inherent in dealing with individual borrowers. To manage credit risk successfully, we must, among other things, maintain disciplined and prudent underwriting standards and ensure that our bankers follow those standards. The weakening of these standards for any reason, such as an attempt to attract higher yielding loans, a lack of discipline or diligence by our employees in underwriting and monitoring loans, the inability of our employees to adequately adapt policies and procedures to changes in economic or any other conditions affecting borrowers and the quality of our loan portfolio, may result in loan defaults, foreclosures and additional charge-offs and may necessitate that we significantly increase our allowance for credit losses, each of which could adversely affect our net income. As a result, our inability to successfully manage credit risk could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Nonperforming assets take significant time to resolve and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, and could result in further losses in the future.

As of June 30, 2025 , our nonperforming loans totaled $8.9 million , or 0.43% of our gross loans, and 0.35% of total assets. Our OREO totaled $1.2 million as of June 30, 2025 .

Our nonperforming assets adversely affect our net income in various ways. We do not record interest income on nonaccrual loans or OREO, thereby adversely affecting our net interest income, net income and returns on assets and equity, and our loan administration costs increase, which together with reduced interest income adversely affects our efficiency ratio. When we take collateral in foreclosure and similar proceedings, we are required to mark the collateral to its then-fair market value, which may result in a loss, and we may be exposed to environmental risks associated with the ownership of OREO properties. These nonperforming loans and OREO also increase our risk profile and the level of capital our regulators believe is appropriate for us to maintain in light of such risks. The resolution of nonperforming assets requires significant time commitments from management and can be detrimental to the performance of their other responsibilities. If we experience increases in nonperforming loans and nonperforming assets, our net interest income may be negatively impacted and our loan administration costs could increase, each of which would have an adverse effect on our net income and related ratios, such as return on assets and equity.

Our allowance for credit losses on loans may prove to be insufficient to absorb potential losses in our loan portfolio.

We maintain an allowance for credit losses on loans to provide for loan defaults and non-performance, which reflects our estimate of the current expected credit losses in our loan portfolio at the relevant balance sheet date. Our allowance for credit losses was $26.3 million, or 1.27% expressed as a percentage of loans, as of June 30, 2025. Allowance for credit losses on loans is funded from a provision for credit losses on loans, which is a charge to our income statement. The Company had a provision for credit losses on loans of $1.2 million and $1.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The processes we use to estimate the allowance for credit losses on loans and to measure the fair value of financial instruments, as well as the processes used to estimate the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on our financial condition and results of operations, depends upon the use of analytical models which takes into account known risks, composition and growth of the loan portfolio and economic forecasts. These models may not be

accurate, particularly in times of market stress, unforeseen circumstances or due to flaws in the model’s design or implementation. If the models we use for interest rate risk and asset-liability management are inadequate, we may incur increased or unexpected losses upon changes in market interest rates or other market measures. If the models we use for determining the allowance for credit losses on loans are inadequate, the allowance for credit losses on loans may not be sufficient to support future charge-offs. If the models we use to measure the fair value of financial instruments are inadequate, the fair value of such financial instruments may fluctuate unexpectedly or may not accurately reflect what we could realize upon sale or settlement of such financial instruments. Any such failure in our analytical models could result in losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, we evaluate all loans identified as individually evaluated loans and allocate an allowance based upon our estimation of the potential loss associated with those problem loans. While we strive to carefully manage and monitor credit quality and to identify loans that may be deteriorating, at any time there are loans included in the portfolio that may result in losses, but that have not yet been identified as nonperforming or potential problem loans. Through established credit practices, we attempt to identify deteriorating loans and adjust the allowance for credit losses on loans accordingly. However, because future events are uncertain and because we may not successfully identify all deteriorating loans in a timely manner, there may be loans that deteriorate in an accelerated time frame. We cannot be sure that we will be able to identify deteriorating loans before they become nonperforming assets, or that we will be able to limit losses on those loans that have been so identified.

Although management believes that the allowance for credit losses on loans is adequate to absorb losses on any existing loans that may become uncollectible, we may be required to take additional provisions for credit losses on loans in the future to further supplement the allowance for credit losses on loans, either due to management’s decision to do so or because our banking regulators require us to do so. Our bank regulatory agencies will periodically review our allowance for credit losses on loans and the value attributed to nonaccrual loans or to real estate acquired through foreclosure and may require us to adjust our determination of the value for these items. If our allowance for credit losses on loans is inaccurate, for any of the reasons discussed above (or other reasons), and is inadequate to cover the loan losses that we actually experience, the resulting losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to our Growth Strategy

We may not be able to continue growing our business, particularly if we cannot increase loans and deposits through organic growth.

We grew our consolidated assets to $2.56 billion as of June 30, 2025 from $2.37 billion as of December 31, 2024 . Our deposits have grown to $2.25 billion as of June 30, 2025 from $2.03 billion as of December 31, 2024 . Our ability to continue to grow successfully will depend to a significant extent on our capital resources. It also will depend, in part, upon our ability to attract deposits and grow our loan portfolio and investment opportunities and on whether we can continue to fund growth while maintaining cost controls and asset quality, as well on other factors beyond our control, such as national, regional and local economic conditions and interest rate trends. Further, we have expanded by establishing de novo branches in the Bay Area of California and in the Atlanta, Georgia, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Washington, DC, metropolitan area, and loan production offices in some of these locations as well as in the Dallas, Texas area. These efforts may prove less successful or more expensive than we have estimated, and in certain cases could materially and adversely affect our results of operation or our financial condition.

Our ability to expand our business or make strategic acquisitions outside of California may be limited by our license agreement that restricts our ability to use the name “Open Bank.”

The intellectual property rights to the use of our name “Open Bank” will continue to be one of the components of our strategy to build a relationship community bank focused on the Korean-American population base. We have not registered the trademark “Open Bank” under the trademark laws of the United States. Open Bank, S.A., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of Spain with its principal office located in Ciudad Grupo Santander, Av. Catabria Boadilla del Monte Madrid Spain (“Open Bank S.A.”) originally registered the trademark “Open Bank” (U.S. Registration No. 3397518) in 2008 with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Open Bank S.A. provides financial services in Spain and solicits certain financial services in the United States through the internet. Open Bank S.A. is not licensed to engage in banking services in the United States or California and to our knowledge in any other state in the United States. In February 2014, we entered into a Coexistence Agreement with Open Bank S.A. (the “Coexistence Agreement”), under

which both parties agreed that we may use the name “Open Bank” in connection with banking and banking related services in the state of California and the cities of New York, Dallas, Atlanta, Chicago, Seattle and Fort Lee, New Jersey (the “Permitted Markets”).

We agreed to limit all of the Bank’s marketing, advertising, publicity, soliciting and or media efforts using the “Open Bank” name to primarily the Korean-American community in the Permitted Markets, however, we have the right under the Coexistence Agreement to market through the internet subject to certain limitations. The Coexistence Agreement states that these limitations are not intended to mean that we should in any way engage in discriminatory tactics or policy or in any way discriminate against non-Korean-American customers or potential customers. Under the Coexistence Agreement, Open Bank S.A. retains the right to use and market its services in relation to its registered trademark in any state or territory in the United States. The Bank further agreed not to challenge Open Bank, S.A.’s trademark registration or any future applications by Open Bank S.A. The Coexistence Agreement has no termination date and is perpetual. If Open Bank S.A. decides to become a licensed bank in California or in any of the other Permitted Markets, depending on its business and marketing plan, there could be confusion created by the use of the name “Open Bank” which could have a material adverse impact on our ability to build our brand in the Permitted Markets. In addition, if Open Bank, S.A. were to assert that we breached the Coexistence Agreement, whether based upon our operations outside Permitted Markets or by virtue of our activities on the internet or within such matters, Open Bank, S.A. could file for an injunction, seek to have us change our name or seek monetary damages, all of which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. There are no approval rights of either party for any of the actions or omissions that either party may take under the Coexistence Agreement.

To date we have not received notice that we are in breach of the Coexistence Agreement or that our business cannot be operated as currently conducted and as proposed to be conducted. Additionally, to our knowledge, Open Bank S.A. had not undertaken any actions to engage in any business or marketing activities in the United States other than have a presence on the internet through their website. However, the Coexistence Agreement restricts our potential geographic expansion beyond the Permitted Markets, which could affect our overall growth over the long term.

We must effectively manage our growth strategy.

We seek to expand our franchise safely and consistently. A successful growth strategy requires us to manage multiple aspects of our business simultaneously, such as following adequate loan underwriting standards, balancing loan and deposit growth without increasing interest rate risk or compressing our net interest margin, maintaining sufficient capital, maintaining proper systems and controls, and recruiting, training and retaining qualified professionals. As part of our general growth strategy we may expand into additional communities or attempt to strengthen our position in our current markets by opening new offices, subject to any regulatory constraints on our ability to open new offices. We also may experience a lag in profitability associated with new branch openings, the establishment of new loan production offices, or other growth initiatives. To the extent that we are able to open additional offices, we are likely to experience the effects of higher operating expenses relative to operating income from the new operations for a period of time which would have a material adverse effect on our levels of reported net income, return on average equity and return on average assets.

Risks Related to Our Capital

We may need to raise additional capital in the future, and if we fail to maintain sufficient capital, whether due to losses, an inability to raise additional capital or otherwise, our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, as well as our ability to maintain regulatory compliance, would be adversely affected.

We face significant capital and other regulatory requirements as a financial institution. Although management believes that the Company has sufficient capital to fund operations and growth initiatives for at least the next twenty-four months based on our estimated future operations, we may need to raise additional capital in the future to provide us with sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet our commitments and business needs. Our ability to raise additional capital depends on conditions in the capital markets, economic conditions and a number of other factors, including investor perceptions regarding the banking industry, market conditions and governmental activities, and on our financial condition and performance. Any occurrence that may limit our access to the capital markets may adversely affect our capital costs and our ability to raise capital. Moreover, if we need to raise capital in the future, we may have to do so when many other financial institutions are also seeking to raise capital and would have to compete with those institutions for investors. We, therefore, may not be able to raise additional capital if needed or on terms acceptable to us.

We are committed to contribute 10% of our consolidated after tax net income to the Open Stewardship Foundation.

The Open Stewardship Foundation (“Foundation”) is our platform for our community outreach activities. We support the Foundation through our commitment formalized in the Bank’s bylaws to donate an amount equal to 10% of our consolidated after tax net income to the Foundation, subject to legal and regulatory restrictions. This commitment, therefore, reduces our net income and our ability to build capital through our retained earnings.

Competitive Risks

We face strong competition from financial services companies and other companies that offer commercial banking services, which could harm our business.

Our operations consist of offering commercial banking services to generate both interest and noninterest income. Many of our competitors offer the same, or a wider variety of, banking and related financial services within our market areas. These competitors include national banks, regional banks and other community banks. We also face competition from many other types of financial institutions, including savings and loan institutions, finance companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies, credit unions, mortgage banks and other financial intermediaries. In addition, a number of out-of-state financial intermediaries have opened production offices or otherwise solicit deposits in our market areas. Additionally, we face growing competition from so-called “online businesses” with few or no physical locations, including online banks, lenders and consumer and commercial lending platforms, as well as automated retirement and investment service providers. Many of these competing institutions have much greater financial and marketing resources than we have. Due to their size, many competitors can achieve larger economies of scale and may offer a broader range of products and services than we can. If we are unable to offer competitive products and services, our business may be negatively affected. Some of the financial services organizations with which we compete are not subject to the same degree of regulation as is imposed on bank holding companies and federally insured financial institutions or are not subject to increased supervisory oversight arising from regulatory examinations. As a result, these non-bank competitors have certain advantages over us in accessing funding and in providing various services and they may be subject to lower regulatory costs.

New technology and other changes are allowing parties to effectuate financial transactions that previously required the involvement of banks. For example, consumers can maintain funds in brokerage accounts or mutual funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and access to lower cost deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Increased competition in our markets may result in reduced loans, deposits and commissions and brokers’ fees, as well as reduced net interest margin and profitability. Ultimately, we may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors. If we are unable to attract and retain banking and mortgage loan customers and expand our sales market for such loans, we may be unable to continue to grow our business, and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Our modest size makes it more difficult for us to compete.

Our modest size makes it more difficult for us to compete with other financial institutions which are generally larger and can more easily afford to invest in the marketing and technologies needed to attract and retain customers. Because our principal source of income is the net interest income we earn on our loans and investments after deducting interest paid on deposits and other sources of funds, our ability to generate the revenues needed to cover our expenses and finance such investments is limited by the size of our loan and investment portfolios. Accordingly, we are not always able to offer new products and services as quickly as our competitors. As a smaller institution, we are also disproportionately affected by the continually increasing costs of compliance with new banking and other regulations.

We focus on marketing our services to a limited segment of the population and any adverse change impacting such segment is likely to have an adverse impact on us.

Our marketing focuses primarily on the banking needs of small- and medium-sized businesses, professionals and residents in the Korean-American communities that we serve. This demographic concentration makes us more prone to circumstances that particularly affect this segment of the population. As a result, our financial condition and results of

operations are subject to changes in the economic conditions affecting these communities. Our success depends upon the business activity, population, income levels, deposits and real estate activity in these communities. Although our customers’ business and financial interests may extend well beyond these communities, adverse economic conditions that affect these communities could reduce our growth rate, affect the ability of our customers to repay their loans to us and generally affect our financial condition and results of operations. Because of our geographic concentration, we are less able than regional or national financial institutions to diversify our credit risks across multiple markets.

Other Risks Related to Our Business

The costs and effects of litigation, investigations or similar matters, or adverse facts and developments related thereto, could materially affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We may from time to time become involved in a variety of litigation, investigations or similar matters arising out of our business. It is inherently difficult to assess the outcome of these matters, and we may not prevail in any proceedings or litigation. Any claims and lawsuits, and the disposition of such claims and lawsuits, whether through settlement or litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive to resolve, divert management attention from executing our business plan, and lead to attempts on the part of other parties to pursue similar claims. Any claims asserted against us, regardless of merit or eventual outcome may harm our reputation. Any adverse determination related to pending or other litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our reputation may be adversely affected by the soundness of other financial institutions.

Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services companies are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, and other relationships. We have exposure to different industries and counterparties, and through transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks, and other institutional clients. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services companies, or the financial services industry generally, have led to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by us or by other institutions. These losses or defaults could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

We have limited the circumstances in which our directors will be liable for monetary damages.

We have included in our articles of incorporation a provision to eliminate the liability of directors for monetary damages to the maximum extent permitted by California law. The effect of this provision will be to reduce the situations in which we or our shareholders will be able to seek monetary damages from our directors. Our bylaws also have a provision providing for indemnification of our directors and executive officers and advancement of litigation expenses to the fullest extent permitted or required by California law, including circumstances in which indemnification is otherwise discretionary. Also, we have entered into agreements with our officers and directors in which we similarly agreed to provide indemnification that is otherwise discretionary.

Future equity issuances could result in dilution, which could cause our common stock price to decline.

We are generally not restricted from issuing additional shares of our common stock, up to the 50 million shares of voting common stock and 10 million shares of preferred stock authorized in our articles of incorporation (subject to Nasdaq shareholder approval rules), which in each case could be increased by a vote of a majority of our shares. We may issue additional shares of our common stock in the future pursuant to current or future equity compensation plans, upon conversions of preferred stock or debt, upon exercise of warrants or in connection with future acquisitions or financings. If we choose to raise capital by selling shares of our common stock for any reason, the issuance could have a dilutive effect on the holders of our common stock and could have a material negative effect on the market price of our common stock.

We may issue shares of preferred stock in the future, which could make it difficult for another company to acquire us or could otherwise adversely affect holders of our common stock, which could depress the price of our common stock.

Although there are currently no shares of our preferred stock issued and outstanding, our articles of incorporation authorize us to issue up to 10 million shares of one or more series of preferred stock. Our board of directors also has the power, without shareholder approval (subject to Nasdaq shareholder approval rules), to set the terms of any series of

preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights, preferences over our common stock with respect to dividends or in the event of a dissolution, liquidation or winding up and other terms. In the event that we issue preferred stock in the future that has preference over our common stock with respect to payment of dividends or upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or if we issue preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of our common stock, the rights of the holders of our common stock or the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected. In addition, the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock without any action on the part of our shareholders (subject to Nasdaq shareholder approval rules) may impede a takeover of the Company and prevent a transaction perceived to be favorable to our shareholders.

Provisions in our charter documents and California law may have an anti-takeover effect, and there are substantial regulatory limitations on changes of control of bank holding companies.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain a number of provisions relating to corporate governance and rights of shareholders that might discourage future takeover attempts. As a result, shareholders who might desire to participate in such transactions may not have an opportunity to do so. In addition, these provisions will also render the removal of our board of directors or management more difficult. Our bylaws provide that shareholders seeking to make nominations of candidates for election as directors, or to bring other business before an annual meeting of the shareholders, must provide timely notice of their intent in writing and follow specific procedural steps in order for nominees or shareholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting.

The California General Corporation Law, or the CGCL, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be perceived to be beneficial by our shareholders.

Under the California Financial Code, no person shall, directly or indirectly, acquire control of a California state bank or its holding company unless the DFPI has approved such acquisition of control. A person would be deemed to have acquired control of the Company if such person, directly or indirectly, has the power (i) to vote 25% or more of the voting power of the Company or (ii) to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of the Company. For purposes of this law, a person who directly or indirectly owns or controls 10% or more of our outstanding common stock would be presumed to control the Company.

Federal regulators generally would prohibit any company that is not engaged in financial activities and activities that are permissible for a bank holding company or a financial holding company from acquiring control of the Company. “Control” is generally defined as ownership of 25% or more of the voting stock or other exercise of a controlling influence. In addition, any existing bank holding company would need the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before acquiring 5% or more of our voting stock. The Change in Bank Control Act of 1978, as amended, prohibits a person or group of persons from acquiring control of a bank holding company unless the Federal Reserve has been notified and has not objected to the transaction. Under a rebuttable presumption established by the Federal Reserve, the acquisition of 10% or more of a class of voting stock of a bank holding company with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, such as the Company, could constitute acquisition of control of the bank holding company.

The foregoing provisions of California and federal law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock, by discouraging a hostile bid, or delaying, preventing or deterring a merger, acquisition or tender offer in which our shareholders could receive a premium for their shares, or effect a proxy contest for control of our company or other changes in our management.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Repurchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table summarizes the Company's common stock repurchase activity during the second quarter of 2025:



Calendar Month	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share of Common Stock		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
April	65,387	$	10.77	65,387	255,985
May	—	—		—	—
June	—	—		—	—
Second Quarter	65,387	$	10.77	65,387

(1) In August 2023, the Company's Board of Directors announced a stock repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to 750,000 shares of its common stock.

Item 5. Other Information

None of the Company's directors or Section 16 reporting officers adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (in each case, as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) for the repurchase or sale of the Company's securities during the quarter ended June 30, 2025.

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit Number						Description
3.1						Articles of Incorporation of OP Bancorp (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-223444) filed on March 5, 2018)

3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of OP Bancorp (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-223444) filed on March 5, 2018)

3.3						First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of OP Bancorp (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-38437) filed on March 15, 2021)





































10.17*						E mp loyee Agreement, dated July 1, 2025, between OP Bancorp, Open Bank, and Sang K. Oh incorporated by referenc e to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the Registrant on May 29, 2025.



31.1						Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith.

31.2						Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith.

32.1						Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2						Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.



101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document, filed herewith.

101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document, filed herewith.

101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document, filed herewith.

101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document, filed herewith.

101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document, filed herewith.

101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document, filed herewith.

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101)

*Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized .


	OP Bancorp

Date: August 8, 2025	By:	/s/ Sang K. Oh
		Sang K. Oh President and Chief Executive Officer (Duly Authorized Officer)

Date: August 8, 2025	By:	/s/ JAEHYUN PARK
		Jaehyun Park Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I - Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)Note 1 Basis Of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note 2 Securities Note 3 Loans and Allowance For Credit Losses on Loans Note 4 Premises and Equipment Note 5 Servicing Assets Note 6 Borrowing Arrangements Note 7 Income Taxes Note 8 Commitments and Contingencies Note 9 Stock-based Compensation Plan Note 10 Fair Value Of Financial Instruments Note 11 Derivative Financial Instruments Note 12 Regulatory Capital Matters Note 13 Earnings Per Share Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Note 5 Serving Assets Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II - Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

3.1 Articles of Incorporation of OP Bancorp (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrants Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-223444) filed on March 5, 2018) 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of OP Bancorp (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrants Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-223444) filed on March 5, 2018) 3.3 First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of OP Bancorp (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-38437) filed on March 15, 2021) 10.17* Employee Agreement, dated July1, 2025, between OP Bancorp, Open Bank, and SangK. Oh incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the Registrant on May 29, 2025. 31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. 31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. 32.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

OPBK 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2025

Exhibits