PCOK 10-K Annual Report Dec. 31, 2017

PCOK 10-K Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2017

Exhibits

Exhibits

PACIFIC OAK STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

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10-K 1 kbssorq4201710k.htm FORM 10-K Document

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

__________________________________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-K

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(Mark One)



x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 000-54382

__________________________________________________________________________________________

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

__________________________________________________________________________________________



Maryland		26-3842535
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
800 Newport Center Drive, Suite 700 Newport Beach, California		92660
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(949) 417-6500

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of Each Class		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
None		None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of the Form 10-K or any amendment of this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

There is no established market for the Registrant’s shares of common stock. On December 7, 2017 , the board of directors of the Registrant approved an estimated value per share of the Registrant’s common stock of $11.50 based on the estimated value of the Registrant’s assets less the estimated value of the Registrant’s liabilities divided by the number of shares outstanding, as of September 30, 2017 , with the exception of adjustments to (i) the Registrant’s net asset value to give effect to a self-tender offer completed in October 2017 (the “Self-Tender”) and the December 7, 2017 declaration of a special dividend of $3.61 per share on the outstanding shares of common stock of the Registrant to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 7, 2017 and (ii) the Registrant’s shares outstanding to give effect to the Self-Tender. For a full description of the methodologies used to value the Registrant’s assets and liabilities in connection with the calculation the estimated value per share as of December 7, 2017 , see Part II, Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities - Market Information.” There were approximately 56,290,890 shares of common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2017 , the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

As of March 5, 2018 , there were 64,700,782 outstanding shares of common stock of the Registrant.

Documents Incorporated by Reference:

Portions of Part III of this report are incorporated by reference to the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2018 annual meeting of its shareholders.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS



PART I.			3
	ITEM 1.	BUSINESS	3
	ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	7
	ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	34
	ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES	35
	ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	36
	ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	36
PART II.			37
	ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	37
	ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA	51
	ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	51
	ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	70
	ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	72
	ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	72
	ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	72
	ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION	73
PART III.			74
	ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	74
	ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	74
	ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	74
	ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	74
	ITEM14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES	74
PART IV			75
	ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	75

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS			F-1

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements. Those statements include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. and members of our management team, as well as the assumptions on which such statements are based, and generally are identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “seeks,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “should” or similar expressions. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time, unless required by law.

The following are some of the risks and uncertainties, although not all of the risks and uncertainties, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements:

•

We depend on tenants for our revenue and, accordingly, our revenue is dependent upon the success and economic viability of our tenants. Revenues from our property investments could decrease due to a reduction in tenants (caused by factors including, but not limited to, tenant defaults, tenant insolvency, early termination of tenant leases and non-renewal of existing tenant leases) and/or lower rental rates, limiting our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.


•	We currently have substantial uninvested proceeds from the sale of certain properties, which we are seeking to invest on attractive terms. If we are unable to find suitable investments, we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives or pay distributions. Delays in finding suitable investments may adversely affect stockholder returns.


•	Our opportunistic investment strategy involves a higher risk of loss than would a strategy of investing in some other types of real estate and real estate-related investments.

•

We have paid distributions from financings and, in the future, we may not pay distributions solely from our cash flow from operations or gains from asset sales. To the extent that we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations or gains from asset sales, we will have less funds available for investment in loans, properties and other assets, the overall return to our stockholders may be reduced and subsequent investors may experience dilution.

•

All of our executive officers and some of our directors and other key real estate and debt finance professionals are also officers, directors, managers, key professionals and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in our advisor, our dealer manager and other KBS‑affiliated entities. As a result, they face conflicts of interest, including significant conflicts created by our advisor’s compensation arrangements with us and other KBS‑advised programs and investors and conflicts in allocating time among us and these other programs and investors. These conflicts could result in unanticipated actions. Fees paid to our advisor in connection with transactions involving the origination, acquisition and management of our investments are based on the cost of the investment, not on the quality of the investment or services rendered to us. This arrangement could influence our advisor to recommend riskier transactions to us.


•	We pay substantial fees to and expenses of our advisor and its affiliates. These payments increase the risk that our stockholders will not earn a profit on their investment in us and increase our stockholders’ risk of loss.

•

We cannot predict with any certainty how much, if any, of our dividend reinvestment plan proceeds will be available for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, the redemption of shares under our share redemption program, future funding obligations under any real estate loans receivable we acquire, the funding of capital expenditures on our real estate investments or the repayment of debt. If such funds are not available from the dividend reinvestment plan offering, then we may have to use a greater proportion of our cash flow from operations to meet these cash requirements, which would reduce cash available for distributions and could limit our ability to redeem shares under our share redemption program.


•	We have focused, and may continue to focus, our investments in non-performing real estate and real estate‑related loans, real estate-related loans secured by non-stabilized assets and real estate-related securities, which involve more risk than investments in performing real estate and real estate-related assets.

All forward-looking statements should be read in light of the risks identified in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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PART I


ITEM 1.	BUSINESS

Overview

KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. was formed on October 8, 2008 as a Maryland corporation and elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2010 and intends to operate in such manner. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. and as required by context, KBS Strategic Opportunity Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership formed on December 10, 2008 (the “Operating Partnership”), and its subsidiaries. We conduct our business primarily through our Operating Partnership, of which we are the sole general partner. Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, our business is managed by KBS Capital Advisors LLC (“KBS Capital Advisors”), our external advisor, pursuant to an advisory agreement. Our advisor conducts our operations and manages our portfolio of real estate-related investments. Our advisor owns 20,000 shares of our common stock. We have no paid employees.

On January 8, 2009, we filed a registration statement on Form S-11 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to offer a minimum of 250,000 shares and a maximum of 140,000,000 shares of common stock for sale to the public, of which 100,000,000 shares were registered in our primary offering and 40,000,000 shares were registered under our dividend reinvestment plan. The SEC declared our registration statement effective on November 20, 2009. We ceased offering shares of common stock in our primary offering on November 14, 2012. We sold 56,584,976 shares of common stock in the primary offering for gross offering proceeds of $561.7 million . We continue to offer shares of common stock under the dividend reinvestment plan. As of December 31, 2017 , we had sold 6,620,362 shares of common stock under the dividend reinvestment plan for gross offering proceeds of $74.0 million . Also as of December 31, 2017 , we had redeemed 11,447,764 of the shares sold in our offering for $151.8 million . Additionally, on December 29, 2011 and October 23, 2012, we issued 220,994 shares and 55,249 shares of common stock, respectively, for $2.0 million and $0.5 million , respectively, in private transactions exempt from the registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On March 2, 2016 , KBS Strategic Opportunity (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. (“KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI”), our wholly owned subsidiary, filed a final prospectus with the Israel Securities Authority for a proposed offering of up to 1,000,000,000 Israeli new Shekels of Series A debentures (the “Debentures”) at an annual interest rate not to exceed 4.25% . On March 1, 2016 , KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the institutional tender of the Debentures and accepted application for 842.5 million Israeli new Shekels. On March 7, 2016 , KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the public tender of the Debentures and accepted 127.7 million Israeli new Shekels. In the aggregate, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI accepted 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $249.2 million as of March 8, 2016 ) in both the institutional and public tenders at an annual interest rate of 4.25% . KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI issued the Debentures on March 8, 2016 . The terms of the Debentures require principal installment payments equal to 20% of the face value of the Debentures on March 1st of each year from 2019 to 2023 .

Objectives and Strategies

Our primary investment objectives are:


•	to provide our stockholders with attractive and stable returns; and


•	to preserve and return our stockholders’ capital contributions.

We have sought to achieve these objectives by investing in and managing a portfolio of real estate-related loans, opportunistic real estate, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments. We acquired our investments through a combination of equity raised in our initial public offering, debt financing and proceeds from the Debentures offering. We plan to lease-up and stabilize existing assets. We plan to explore value-add opportunities for existing assets and seek to realize growth in the value of our investments by timing asset sales to maximize their value. We also intend to actively pursue additional lending and investment opportunities that we believe will provide an attractive risk-adjusted return to our stockholders.

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Real Estate Investments

As of December 31, 2017 , we owned four office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings and one retail property encompassing, in the aggregate, approximately 2.7 million rentable square feet. As of December 31, 2017 , these properties were 76% occupied. In addition, we owned two apartment properties, containing 383 units and encompassing approximately 0.3 million rentable square feet, which were 96% occupied. We also owned three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,100 developable acres. In addition, we owned three investments in unconsolidated joint ventures.

We have attempted to diversify our tenant base in order to limit exposure to any one tenant or industry. As of December 31, 2017 , we had no tenants that represented more than 10% of our total annualized base rent and our top ten tenants represented approximately 19% of our total annualized base rent. The total cost of our real estate portfolio as of December 31, 2017 was $574.7 million . For more information about our real estate investments, see Part I, Item 2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Real Estate-Related Investments

As of December 31, 2017 , we owned an investment in real estate debt securities with a total book value of $17.8 million . These real estate debt securities had an annual effective interest rate of 11.1% as of December 31, 2017 . Also as of December 31, 2017 , we owned two investments in real estate equity securities with a total book value of $90.1 million .

Financing Objectives

We have financed the majority of our real estate and real estate-related investments with a combination of the proceeds we received from our initial public offering and debt. We used debt financing to increase the amount available for investment and to potentially increase overall investment yields to us and our stockholders. As of December 31, 2017 , the weighted‑average interest rate on our debt was 3.9% .

We borrow funds at both fixed and variable rates; as of December 31, 2017 , we had $309.5 million and $302.2 million of fixed and variable rate debt outstanding, respectively. The weighted-average interest rates of our fixed rate debt and variable rate debt as of December 31, 2017 were 4.3% and 3.6% , respectively. The weighted-average interest rate represents the actual interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2017 , using interest rate indices as of December 31, 2017 , where applicable. As of December 31, 2017 , we had entered into an interest rate cap with a notional amount of $46.9 million that effectively limits one-month LIBOR at 3.0% effective February 21, 2017 through February 13, 2020 .

In March 2016, we, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, issued 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $249.2 million as of March 8, 2016 ) in 4.25% bonds to investors in Israel pursuant to a public offering registered in Israel. The bonds have a seven year term, with 20% of the principal payable each year from 2019 to 2023. We used the proceeds from the issuance of these bonds to make additional investments. As of December 31, 2017 , we have one foreign currency option, a USD put/ILS call option, to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate movements on these bonds payable outstanding denominated in Israeli new Shekels for an aggregate notional amount of $285.4 million . The foreign currency option provides us with the right, but not the obligation, to purchase up to 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels at the rate of ILS 3.4 per USD. The cost of the foreign currency option was $3.4 million .

We have tried to spread the maturity dates of our debt to minimize maturity and refinance risk in our portfolio. In addition, a majority of our debt allows us to extend the maturity dates, subject to certain conditions. Although we believe we will satisfy the conditions to extend the maturity of our debt obligations, we can give no assurance in this regard. The following table shows the current and fully extended maturities, including principal amortization payments, of our debt as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):



	Current Maturity		Extended Maturity
2018	$	117,537	$	86,902
2019	57,649		88,284
2020	190,774		57,684
2021	56,639		139,229
2022	127,925		128,295
Thereafter	61,170		111,300
	$	611,694	$	611,694

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There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow for any single investment. Our charter limits our total liabilities to 75% of the cost of our tangible assets; however, we may exceed that limit if a majority of the conflicts committee approves each borrowing in excess of our charter limitation and we disclose such borrowing to our common stockholders in our next quarterly report with an explanation from the conflicts committee of the justification for the excess borrowing. As of December 31, 2017 , our borrowings and other liabilities were approximately 62% and 61% of the cost (before depreciation and other noncash reserves) and book value (before depreciation) of our tangible assets, respectively.

We do not intend to exceed the leverage limit in our charter. High levels of debt could cause us to incur higher interest charges and higher debt service payments, which would decrease the amount of cash available for distribution to our investors, and could also be accompanied by restrictive covenants. High levels of debt could also increase the risk of being unable to refinance when loans become due, or of being unable to refinance on favorable terms, and the risk of loss with respect to assets pledged as collateral for loans.

Except with respect to the borrowing limits contained in our charter, we may reevaluate and change our debt policy in the future without a stockholder vote. Factors that we would consider when reevaluating or changing our debt policy include: then-current economic conditions, the relative cost and availability of debt and equity capital, any investment opportunities, the ability of our investments to generate sufficient cash flow to cover debt service requirements and other similar factors. Further, we may increase or decrease our ratio of debt to book value in connection with any change of our borrowing policies.

Disposition Policies

The period that we will hold our investments will vary depending on the type of asset, interest rates and other factors. Our advisor has developed a well-defined exit strategy for each investment we have made. KBS Capital Advisors will continually perform a hold-sell analysis on each asset in order to determine the optimal time to hold the asset and generate a strong return for our stockholders. Economic and market conditions may influence us to hold our investments for different periods of time. We may sell an asset before the end of the expected holding period if we believe that market conditions have maximized its value to us or the sale of the asset would otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we sold 12 office properties, a 45% interest in another office property and 102 acres of undeveloped land. The disposition strategy is consistent with our objectives of acquiring opportunistic investments, improving the investments and timing asset sales to realize the growth in the value that was created during our hold period. No properties were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2017 .

Economic Dependency

We are dependent on our advisor for certain services that are essential to us, including the identification, evaluation, negotiation, origination, acquisition and disposition of investments; management of the daily operations and leasing of our investment portfolio; and other general and administrative responsibilities. In the event that our advisor is unable to provide the respective services, we will be required to obtain such services from other sources.

Competitive Market Factors

The U.S. commercial real estate leasing markets remain competitive. We face competition from various entities for prospective tenants and to retain our current tenants, including other REITs, pension funds, insurance companies, investment funds and companies, partnerships and developers. Many of these entities have substantially greater financial resources than we do and may be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage, including risks with respect to the creditworthiness of a tenant. As a result of their greater resources, those entities may have more flexibility than we do in their ability to offer rental concessions to attract and retain tenants. This could put pressure on our ability to maintain or raise rents and could adversely affect our ability to attract or retain tenants. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected. We may also face competition from other entities that are selling assets. Competition from these entities may increase the supply of real estate investment opportunities or increase the bargaining power of real estate investors seeking to buy.

Although we believe that we are well-positioned to compete effectively in each facet of our business, there is enormous competition in our market sector and there can be no assurance that we will compete effectively or that we will not encounter increased competition in the future that could limit our ability to conduct our business effectively.

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Compliance with Federal, State and Local Environmental Law

Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous real property owner or operator may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in such property. These costs could be substantial. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures or prevent us from entering into leases with prospective tenants that may be impacted by such laws. Environmental laws provide for sanctions for noncompliance and may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, by private parties. Certain environmental laws and common law principles could be used to impose liability for the release of and exposure to hazardous substances, including asbestos-containing materials. Third parties may seek recovery from real property owners or operators for personal injury or property damage associated with exposure to released hazardous substances. The cost of defending against claims of liability, of complying with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims could reduce the amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

All of our real estate properties, other than properties acquired through foreclosure, were subject to Phase I environmental assessments at the time they were acquired. Some of the properties we have acquired are subject to potential environmental liabilities arising primarily from historic activities at or in the vicinity of the properties. Based on our environmental diligence and assessments of our properties and our purchase of pollution and remediation legal liability insurance with respect to some of our properties, we do not believe that environmental conditions at our properties are likely to have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Segments

We have invested in non-performing loans, opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets. In general, we intend to hold our investments in non-performing loans, opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets for capital appreciation. Traditional performance metrics of non-performing loans, opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets may not be meaningful as these investments are generally non-stabilized and do not provide a consistent stream of interest income or rental revenue. These investments exhibit similar long-term financial performance and have similar economic characteristics. These investments typically involve a higher degree of risk and do not provide a constant stream of ongoing cash flows. As a result, our management views non-performing loans, opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets as similar investments. Substantially all of our revenue and net income (loss) is from non-performing loans, opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets, and therefore, we currently aggregate our operating segments into one reportable business segment.

Employees

We have no paid employees. The employees of our advisor or its affiliates provide management, acquisition, disposition, advisory and certain administrative services for us.

Principal Executive Office

Our principal executive offices are located at 800 Newport Center Drive, Suite 700, Newport Beach, California 92660. Our telephone number, general facsimile number and web address are (949) 417-6500, (949) 417-6501 and www.kbsstrategicopportunityreit.com , respectively.

Available Information

Access to copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and other filings with the SEC, including amendments to such filings, may be obtained free of charge from the following website, http://www.kbsstrategicopportunityreit.com , through a link to the SEC’s website, http://www.sec.gov . These filings are available promptly after we file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC.

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ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS

The following are some of the risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face but do represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm our business.

Risks Related to an Investment in Us

Because no public trading market for our shares currently exists, it will be difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares and, if they are able to sell their shares, it will likely be at a substantial discount to the public offering price.

Our charter does not require our directors to seek stockholder approval to liquidate our assets by a specified date, nor does our charter require our directors to list our shares for trading on a national securities exchange by a specified date. There is no public market for our shares and we currently have no plans to list our shares on a national securities exchange. Until our shares are listed, if ever, our stockholders may not sell their shares unless the buyer meets the applicable suitability and minimum purchase standards. In addition, our charter prohibits the ownership of more than 9.8% of our stock, unless exempted by our board of directors, which may inhibit large investors from purchasing our shares. In its sole discretion, our board of directors could amend, suspend or terminate our share redemption program upon 10 business days’ notice. Further, the share redemption program includes numerous restrictions that would limit a stockholder’s ability to sell his or her shares. Therefore, it will be difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares promptly or at all. It is also likely that our shares would not be accepted as the primary collateral for a loan. Because of the illiquid nature of our shares, our stockholders should purchase shares in our dividend reinvestment plan only as a long-term investment and be prepared to hold them for an indefinite period of time.

If we are unable to find suitable investments, we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives or pay distributions.

Our ability to achieve our investment objectives and to pay distributions depends upon the performance of KBS Capital Advisors, our advisor, in the acquisition of our investments, including the determination of any financing arrangements, and the ability of our advisor to source loan origination opportunities for us. Competition from competing entities may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us or increase the bargaining power of counterparties in transactions. We will also depend upon the performance of third-party loan servicers and property managers in connection with managing our investments. Stockholders must rely entirely on the management abilities of KBS Capital Advisors, the loan servicers and property managers KBS Capital Advisors selects and the oversight of our board of directors. We can give our stockholders’ no assurance that KBS Capital Advisors will be successful in obtaining suitable investments on financially attractive terms or that, if KBS Capital Advisors makes investments on our behalf, our objectives will be achieved. In the event we are unable to timely locate suitable investments, we may be unable or limited in our ability to pay distributions and we may not be able to meet our investment objectives.

A concentration of our real estate investments in any one property class may leave our profitability vulnerable to a downturn in such sector.

At any one time, a significant portion of our investments could be in one property class. As a result, we will be subject to risks inherent in investments in a single type of property. If our investments are substantially in one property class, then the potential effects on our revenues, and as a result, on cash available for distribution to our stockholders, resulting from a downturn in the businesses conducted in those types of properties could be more pronounced than if we had more fully diversified our investments. As of December 31, 2017 , our investments in office properties, including our office unconsolidated joint ventures, represented 39.1% of our total assets.

Because of the concentration of a significant portion of our assets in two geographic areas, any adverse economic, real estate or business conditions in these areas could affect our operating results and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

As of December 31, 2017 , our real estate investments in Washington and Texas represented 14.1% and 13.3% of our total assets, respectively. As a result, the geographic concentration of our portfolio makes it particularly susceptible to adverse economic developments in the Washington and Texas real estate markets. Any adverse economic or real estate developments in these markets, such as business layoffs or downsizing, industry slowdowns, relocations of businesses, changing demographics and other factors, or any decrease in demand for office space resulting from the local business climate, could adversely affect our operating results and our ability to make distributions to stockholders.

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Disruptions in the financial markets and uncertain economic conditions could adversely affect market rental rates, commercial real estate values and our ability to secure debt financing, service debt obligations, or pay distributions to our stockholders.

Currently, both the investing and leasing environments are highly competitive. While there has been an increase in the amount of capital flowing into the U.S. real estate markets, which resulted in an increase in real estate values in certain markets, the uncertainty regarding the economic environment has made businesses reluctant to make long-term commitments or changes in their business plans. Possible future declines in rental rates, slower or potentially negative net absorption of leased space and expectations of future rental concessions, including free rent to renew tenants early, to retain tenants who are up for renewal or to attract new tenants, may result in decreases in cash flows.

We have relied on debt financing to finance our real estate properties and we may have difficulty refinancing some of our debt obligations prior to or at maturity or we may not be able to refinance these obligations at terms as favorable as the terms of our existing indebtedness and we also may be unable to obtain additional debt financing on attractive terms or at all. If we are not able to refinance our existing indebtedness on attractive terms at the various maturity dates, we may be forced to dispose of some of our assets. Recent financial market conditions have improved from the bottom of the economic cycle, but material risks are still present. Market conditions can change quickly, which could negatively impact the value of our assets.

Disruptions in the financial markets and continued uncertain economic conditions could adversely affect the values of our investments. Lending activity has increased; however, it remains uncertain whether the capital markets can sustain the current transaction levels. Any disruption to the debt and capital markets could result in fewer buyers seeking to acquire commercial properties and possible increases in capitalization rates and lower property values. Furthermore, declining economic conditions could negatively impact commercial real estate fundamentals and result in lower occupancy, lower rental rates and declining values in our real estate portfolio and in the collateral securing our loan investments, which could have the following negative effects on us:


•	the values of our investments in commercial properties could decrease below the amounts paid for such investments;


•	the value of collateral securing any loan investments we may make could decrease below the outstanding principal amount of such loans; and/or


•	revenues from our properties could decrease due to fewer tenants and/or lower rental rates, making it more difficult for us to pay distributions or meet our debt service obligations on debt financing.

All of these factors could impair our ability to make distributions to our investors and decrease the value of an investment in us.

Because we depend upon our advisor and its affiliates to conduct our operations, adverse changes in the financial health of our advisor or its affiliates could cause our operations to suffer.

We depend on KBS Capital Advisors, its affiliates and the key real estate and debt finance professionals at KBS Capital Advisors to manage our operations and our portfolio of real estate-related loans, opportunistic real estate, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments. Our advisor depends upon the fees and other compensation that it receives from us and other public KBS-sponsored programs in connection with the origination, purchase, management and sale of assets to conduct its operations. Any adverse changes in the financial condition of KBS Capital Advisors or its affiliates or our relationship with KBS Capital Advisors or its affiliates could hinder their ability to successfully manage our operations and our portfolio of investments. Furthermore, if KBS Capital Advisors was unable or unwilling to continue to provide management services to us, we may need to find an advisor to replace the management services KBS Capital Advisors provides to us. In such event our operating performance and the return on our stockholders’ investment could suffer.

If we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for investments and the overall return to our stockholders may be reduced.

We will declare distributions when our board of directors determines we have sufficient cash flow from operations, investment activities and/or strategic financings. We expect to fund distributions from interest and rental income on investments, the maturity, payoff or settlement of those investments and from strategic sales of loans, properties and other assets. We may also fund distributions from debt financings.

As a REIT, we will generally have to hold our assets for two years in order to meet the safe harbor to avoid a 100% prohibited transactions tax, unless such assets are held through a TRS or other taxable corporation. At such time as we have assets that we have held for at least two years, we anticipate that we may authorize and declare distributions based on gains on asset sales, to the extent we close on the sale of one or more assets and the board of directors does not determine to reinvest the proceeds of such sales. Additionally, our board of directors intends to declare distributions quarterly based on cash flow from our investments.

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To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make aggregate annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)). If we meet the REIT qualification requirements, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the income that we distribute to our stockholders each year. In general, we anticipate making distributions to our stockholders of at least 100% of our REIT taxable income so that none of our income is subject to federal income tax. Our board of directors may authorize distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.

Our distribution policy is not to pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, investment activities and strategic financings. However, our organizational documents do not restrict us from paying distributions from any source and do not restrict the amount of distributions we may pay from any source, including proceeds from the issuance of securities, borrowings, advances from our advisor or sponsors or from our advisor’s deferral of its fees under the advisory agreement. Distributions paid from sources other than current or accumulated earnings and profits may constitute a return of capital. From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our taxable income for financial reporting purposes, or our taxable income may be greater than our cash flow available for distribution to stockholders. In these situations we may make distributions in excess of our cash flow from operations, investment activities and strategic financings to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement described above. In such an event, we would look first to other third party borrowings to fund these distributions. If we fund distributions from financings, the proceeds from issuances of securities or sources other than our cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for investment in real estate-related loans, opportunistic real estate, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments and the overall return to our stockholders may be reduced.

In addition, to the extent distributions exceed cash flow from operations and gains from asset sales, a stockholder’s basis in our stock will be reduced and, to the extent distributions exceed a stockholder’s basis, the stockholder may recognize capital gain. There is no limit on the amount of distributions we may fund from sources other than from cash flows from operations or gains from asset sales. For the year ended December 31, 2017 , we paid aggregate distributions of $15.9 million (of which $8.7 million was reinvested through our dividend reinvestment plan). Our net income attributable to stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $210.6 million . For the year ended December 31, 2017 , we funded 100% of total distributions paid, which includes cash distributions and dividends reinvested by stockholders, with current cash provided by operations and prior period cash provided by operations. Through December 31, 2017 , we funded 16% of total distributions paid, which includes cash distributions and dividends reinvested by stockholders, with proceeds from debt financing, funded 11% of total distributions paid with the gains realized from the dispositions of properties and funded 73% of total distributions paid with cash provided by operations. Our cumulative distributions paid and net income attributable to common stockholders from inception through December 31, 2017 were $120.7 million and $153.1 million , respectively.

The loss of or the inability to retain key real estate and debt finance professionals at our advisor could delay or hinder implementation of our investment strategies, which could limit our ability to make distributions and decrease the value of an investment in our shares.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the contributions of Peter M. Bren, Keith D. Hall, Peter McMillan III, and Charles J. Schreiber, Jr., each of whom would be difficult to replace. Neither we nor our affiliates have employment agreements with Messrs. Bren, Hall, McMillan or Schreiber. Messrs. Bren, Hall, McMillan, and Schreiber may not remain associated with us. If any of these persons were to cease their association with us, our operating results could suffer. We do not intend to maintain key person life insurance on any person. We believe that our future success depends, in large part, upon our advisor’s and its affiliates’ ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, operational and marketing professionals. Competition for such professionals is intense, and our advisor and its affiliates may be unsuccessful in attracting and retaining such skilled individuals. If we lose or are unable to obtain the services of highly skilled professionals our ability to implement our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered, and the value of our stockholders’ investment may decline.

Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover claims against our independent directors are limited, which could reduce our stockholders’ and our recovery against our independent directors if they negligently cause us to incur losses.

Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he performs his duties in good faith, in a manner he reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Our charter provides that no independent director shall be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages and that we will generally indemnify them for losses unless they are grossly negligent or engage in willful misconduct. As a result, our stockholders and we may have more limited rights against our independent directors than might otherwise exist under common law, which could reduce our stockholders’ and our recovery from these persons if they act in a negligent manner. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our independent directors (as well as by our other directors, officers, employees (if we ever have employees) and agents) in some cases, which would decrease the cash otherwise available for distribution to our stockholders.

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We may change our targeted investments without stockholder consent.

We may change our targeted investments and investment guidelines at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in us making investments that are different from, and possibly riskier than, our targeted investments as described in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For example, we modified our investment objectives and criteria in January 2012 and we may do so again in the future. A change in our targeted investments or investment guidelines may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, default risk and real estate market fluctuations, all of which could adversely affect the value of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber-attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems.

We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside our organization or persons with access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.

A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could:


•	disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our operations;


•	result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants and/or missed reporting deadlines;


•	result in our inability to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding our qualification as a REIT;


•	result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or which could expose us to damage claims by third-parties for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes;


•	require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result;


•	subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of leases or other agreements; or


•	damage our reputation among our stockholders.

Any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest

KBS Capital Advisors and its affiliates, including all of our executive officers and some of our directors and other key real estate and debt finance professionals, face conflicts of interest caused by their compensation arrangements with us, which could result in actions that are not in the long-term best interests of our stockholders.

All of our executive officers and some of our directors and other key real estate and debt finance professionals are also officers, directors, managers, key professionals and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in our advisor, KBS Capital Markets Group LLC (“KBS Capital Markets Group”), the entity that acted as the dealer manager for our primary offering, and other affiliated KBS entities. KBS Capital Advisors and its affiliates receive substantial fees from us. These fees could influence our advisor’s advice to us as well as the judgment of affiliates of KBS Capital Advisors. Among other matters, these compensation arrangements could affect their judgment with respect to:


•	the continuation, renewal or enforcement of our agreements with KBS Capital Advisors and its affiliates, including the advisory agreement;


•	public offerings of equity by us, which may entitle KBS Capital Markets Group to dealer-manager fees and may entitle KBS Capital Advisors to asset management fees and certain other fees;

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•	sales of investments, which may entitle KBS Capital Advisors to disposition fees and possible subordinated incentive fees;


•	acquisitions of investments and originations of loans, which may entitle KBS Capital Advisors to acquisition and origination fees and asset management fees and, in the case of acquisitions of investments from other KBS-sponsored programs, might entitle affiliates of KBS Capital Advisors to disposition fees and possible subordinated incentive fees in connection with its services for the seller;


•	borrowings to acquire investments and to originate loans, which borrowings may increase the acquisition and origination fees and asset management fees payable to KBS Capital Advisors;


•	whether to engage KBS Management Group, which may receive fees in connection with the management of our properties regardless of the quality of the services provided to us, to manage our properties; and

•

whether we pursue a liquidity event such as a listing of our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange, a sale of the company or a liquidation of our assets, which (i) may make it more likely for us to become self-managed or internalize our management, (ii) could positively or negatively affect the sales efforts for other KBS-sponsored programs, depending on the price at which our shares trade or the consideration received by our stockholders, and/or (iii) affect the advisory fees received by our advisor.

The fees our advisor may receive in connection with the acquisition, origination or management of assets are based on the cost of the investment, and not based on the quality of the investment or the quality of the services rendered to us. This may influence our advisor to recommend riskier transactions to us.

KBS Capital Advisors faces conflicts of interest relating to the leasing of properties and such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, meaning that we may obtain less creditworthy or desirable tenants, which could limit our ability to make distributions and reduce our stockholders’ overall investment return.

We and other KBS-sponsored programs and KBS-advised investors rely on our sponsors and other key real estate professionals at our advisor, including Messrs. Bren, Hall, McMillan and Schreiber, to supervise the property management and leasing of properties. If the KBS team of real estate professionals directs creditworthy prospective tenants to properties owned by another KBS-sponsored program or KBS-advised investor when they could direct such tenants to our properties, our tenant base may have more inherent risk and our properties’ occupancy may be lower than might otherwise be the case.

Further, Messrs. Bren, Hall, McMillan and Schreiber and existing and future KBS-sponsored programs and KBS-advised investors are generally not prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any business or from possessing interests in any other business venture or ventures, including businesses and ventures involved in the acquisition, development, ownership, leasing or sale of real estate investments.

KBS Capital Advisors and its affiliates face conflicts of interest relating to the acquisition and origination of assets and leasing of properties due to their relationship with other KBS-sponsored programs and KBS-advised investors, which could result in decisions that are not in our best interest or the best interests of our stockholders.

We rely on key real estate and debt finance professionals at KBS Capital Advisors, including Peter M. Bren, Keith D. Hall, Peter McMillan III and Charles J. Schreiber, Jr., to identify suitable investment opportunities for us. KBS REIT I, KBS REIT II, KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT, KBS REIT III, KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II and KBS Growth & Income REIT are also advised by KBS Capital Advisors and rely on many of the same real estate and debt finance professionals as well as other and future KBS-sponsored programs advised by our advisor. Messrs. Bren and Schreiber and several of the other key real estate professionals at KBS Capital Advisors are also the key real estate professionals at KBS Realty Advisors and its affiliates, the advisors to the private KBS-sponsored programs and the investment advisors to KBS-advised investors. As such, we and the other KBS-sponsored programs that currently have funds available for investment and KBS-advised investors rely on many of the same real estate and debt finance professionals, as will future KBS-sponsored programs and KBS-advised investors. Many investment opportunities that are suitable for us may also be suitable for other KBS-sponsored programs and KBS-advised investors. When these real estate and debt finance professionals direct an investment opportunity to any KBS-sponsored program or KBS-advised investor they, in their sole discretion, will offer the opportunity to the program or investor for which the investment opportunity is most suitable based on the investment objectives, portfolio and criteria of each program or investor. Our current acquisition stage will overlap to some extent with the acquisition stages of KBS REIT III, KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II and KBS Growth & Income REIT, six private KBS-sponsored programs and possibly future KBS-sponsored programs and KBS-advised investors.

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For so long as we are externally advised, our charter provides that it shall not be a proper purpose of the corporation for us to make any significant investment unless KBS Capital Advisors has recommended the investment to us. Thus, the real estate and debt finance professionals of KBS Capital Advisors could direct attractive investment opportunities to other KBS-sponsored programs or KBS-advised investors. Such events could result in us investing in properties that provide less attractive returns, which would reduce the level of distributions we may be able to pay our stockholders.

We and other KBS-sponsored programs and KBS-advised investors also rely on these real estate professionals to supervise the property management and leasing of properties. If the KBS team of real estate professionals directs creditworthy prospective tenants to properties owned by another KBS-sponsored program or KBS-advised investor when it could direct such tenants to our properties, our tenant base may have more inherent risk and our properties’ occupancy may be lower than might otherwise be the case.

Further, existing and future KBS-sponsored programs and KBS-advised investors and Messrs. Bren, Hall, McMillan and Schreiber generally are not and will not be prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any business or from possessing interests in any other business venture or ventures, including businesses and ventures involved in the acquisition, origination, development, ownership, leasing or sale of real estate-related investments.

KBS Capital Advisors will face conflicts of interest relating to joint ventures that we may form with affiliates of KBS Capital Advisors, which conflicts could result in a disproportionate benefit to the other venture partners at our expense.

If approved by both a majority of our board of directors and a majority of our independent directors, we may enter into joint venture agreements with other KBS-sponsored programs or affiliated entities for the acquisition, development or improvement of properties or other investments. KBS Capital Advisors, our advisor, and KBS Realty Advisors and its affiliates, the advisors to the other KBS-sponsored programs and the investment advisers to institutional investors in real estate and real estate-related assets, have some of the same executive officers, directors and other key real estate and debt finance professionals; and these persons will face conflicts of interest in determining which KBS program or investor should enter into any particular joint venture agreement. These persons may also face a conflict in structuring the terms of the relationship between our interests and the interests of the KBS-affiliated co-venturer and in managing the joint venture. Any joint venture agreement or transaction between us and a KBS-affiliated co-venturer will not have the benefit of arm’s-length negotiation of the type normally conducted between unrelated co-venturers. The KBS-affiliated co-venturer may have economic or business interests or goals that are or may become inconsistent with our business interests or goals. These co-venturers may thus benefit to our and your detriment.

KBS Capital Advisors, the real estate and debt finance professionals assembled by our advisor, their affiliates and our officers face competing demands on their time and this may cause our operations and our stockholders’ investment to suffer.

We rely on KBS Capital Advisors and the real estate, management, accounting and debt finance professionals our advisor has assembled, including Messrs. Bren, Hall, McMillan, Schreiber and Jeffrey K. Waldvogel and Ms. Stacie K. Yamane, for the day-to-day operation of our business. Messrs. Bren, Hall, McMillan, Schreiber and Waldvogel and Ms. Yamane are also executive officers of KBS REIT I, KBS REIT II and KBS REIT III, Messrs. Bren, McMillan and Waldvogel and Ms. Yamane are executive officers of KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT, and Messrs. Hall, McMillan, and Waldvogel and Ms. Yamane are executive officers of KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II. In addition, Messrs. Bren and Schreiber and Ms. Yamane are executive officers of KBS Realty Advisors and its affiliates, the advisors of the private KBS-sponsored programs and the investment advisors to institutional investors in real estate and real estate-related assets. As a result of their interests in other KBS programs, their obligations to other investors and the fact that they engage in and they will continue to engage in other business activities on behalf of themselves and others, Messrs. Bren, Hall, McMillan, Schreiber and Waldvogel and Ms. Yamane face conflicts of interest in allocating their time among us, KBS REIT I, KBS REIT II, KBS REIT III, KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT, KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II, KBS Growth & Income REIT, KBS Capital Advisors and other KBS-sponsored programs as well as other business activities in which they are involved. In addition, KBS Capital Advisors and KBS Realty Advisors and their affiliates share many of the same key real estate and debt finance professionals. During times of intense activity in other programs and ventures, these individuals may devote less time and fewer resources to our business than are necessary or appropriate to manage our business. Furthermore, some or all of these individuals may become employees of another KBS-sponsored program in an internalization transaction or, if we internalize our advisor, may not become our employees as a result of their relationship with other KBS-sponsored programs. If these events occur, the returns on our investments, and the value of our stockholders’ investments, may decline.

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All of our executive officers and some of our directors and the key real estate and debt finance professionals assembled by our advisor face conflicts of interest related to their positions and/or interests in KBS Capital Advisors and its affiliates, which could hinder our ability to implement our business strategy and to generate returns to our stockholders.

All of our executive officers, some of our directors and other key real estate and debt finance professionals assembled by our advisor are also executive officers, directors, managers, key professionals and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in our advisor, and other affiliated KBS entities. Through KBS-affiliated entities, some of these persons also serve as the investment advisors to institutional investors in real estate and real estate-related assets and through KBS Capital Advisors and its affiliates these persons serve as the advisor to KBS REIT I, KBS REIT II, KBS REIT III, KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT, KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II, KBS Growth & Income REIT and other KBS-sponsored programs. As a result, they owe fiduciary duties to each of these entities, their members and limited partners and these investors, which fiduciary duties may from time to time conflict with the fiduciary duties that they owe to us and our stockholders. Their loyalties to these other entities and investors could result in action or inaction that is detrimental to our business, which could harm the implementation of our business strategy and our investment and leasing opportunities. Further, Messrs. Bren, Hall, McMillan and Schreiber and existing and future KBS-sponsored programs and KBS-advised investors generally are not and will not be prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any business or from possessing interests in any other business venture or ventures, including businesses and ventures involved in the acquisition, development, ownership, leasing or sale of real estate investments. If we do not successfully implement our business strategy, we may be unable to generate the cash needed to make distributions to our stockholders and to maintain or increase the value of our assets.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

Our charter limits the number of shares a person may own, which may discourage a takeover that could otherwise result in a premium price to our stockholders.

Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. To help us comply with the REIT ownership requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), our charter prohibits a person from directly or constructively owning more than 9.8% of our outstanding shares, unless exempted by our board of directors. This restriction may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.

Our charter permits our board of directors to issue stock with terms that may subordinate the rights of our common stockholders or discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that could result in a premium price to our stockholders.

Our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued common stock or preferred stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption of any such stock. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with priority as to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our common stock. Such preferred stock could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price to holders of our common stock.

Our stockholders’ investment return may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act; if we or our subsidiaries become an unregistered investment company, we could not continue our business.

Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries intend to register as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). If we or our subsidiaries were obligated to register as investment companies, we would have to comply with a variety of substantive requirements under the Investment Company Act that impose, among other things:


•	limitations on capital structure;


•	restrictions on specified investments;


•	prohibitions on transactions with affiliates; and


•	compliance with reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure and other rules and regulations that would significantly increase our operating expenses.

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Under the relevant provisions of Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, an investment company is any issuer that:


•	pursuant to section 3(a)(1)(A), is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities (the “primarily engaged test”); or

•

pursuant to section 3(a)(1)(C), is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of such issuer’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis (the “40% test”). “Investment securities” excludes U.S. government securities and securities of majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) (relating to private investment companies).

With respect to the primarily engaged test, we and our Operating Partnership are holding companies and do not intend to invest or trade in securities ourselves. Rather, through the majority-owned subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership, we and our Operating Partnership will be primarily engaged in the non-investment company businesses of these subsidiaries, namely the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring real estate and real estate-related assets.

If any of the subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership fail to meet the 40% test, we believe they will usually, if not always, be able to rely on Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act for an exception from the definition of an investment company. (Otherwise, they should be able to rely on the exceptions for private investment companies pursuant to Section 3(c)(1) and Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.) As reflected in no-action letters, the SEC staff’s position on Section 3(c)(5)(C) generally requires that an issuer maintain at least 55% of its assets in “mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate,” or qualifying assets; at least 80% of its assets in qualifying assets plus real estate-related assets; and no more than 20% of the value of its assets in other than qualifying assets and real estate-related assets, which we refer to as miscellaneous assets. To constitute a qualifying asset under this 55% requirement, a real estate interest must meet various criteria based on no-action letters. We expect that any of the subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership relying on Section 3(c)(5)(C) will invest at least 55% of its assets in qualifying assets, and approximately an additional 25% of its assets in other types of real estate-related assets. If any subsidiary relies on Section 3(c)(5)(C), we expect to rely on guidance published by the SEC staff or on our analyses of guidance published with respect to types of assets to determine which assets are qualifying real estate assets and real estate-related assets.

Rapid changes in the values of our assets may make it more difficult for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT or our exception from the definition of an investment company under the Investment Company Act.

If the market value or income potential of our qualifying real estate assets changes as compared to the market value or income potential of our non-qualifying assets, or if the market value or income potential of our assets that are considered “real estate-related assets” under the Investment Company Act or REIT qualification tests changes as compared to the market value or income potential of our assets that are not considered “real estate-related assets” under the Investment Company Act or REIT qualification tests, whether as a result of increased interest rates, prepayment rates or other factors, we may need to modify our investment portfolio in order to maintain our REIT qualification or exception from the definition of an investment company. If the decline in asset values or income occurs quickly, this may be especially difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish. This difficulty may be exacerbated by the illiquid nature of many of the assets that we may own. We may have to make investment decisions that we otherwise would not make absent REIT and Investment Company Act considerations.

Our stockholders will have limited control over changes in our policies and operations, which increases the uncertainty and risks our stockholders face.

Our board of directors determines our major policies, including our policies regarding financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and distributions. Our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies without a vote of the stockholders. Under Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on limited matters. Our board’s broad discretion in setting policies and our stockholders’ inability to exert control over those policies increases the uncertainty and risks our stockholders face.

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Our stockholders may not be able to sell their shares under our share redemption program and, if our stockholders are able to sell their shares under the program, they may not be able to recover full the amount of their investment in our shares.

Our share redemption program includes numerous restrictions that limit our stockholders’ ability to sell their shares. Our stockholders must hold their shares for at least one year in order to participate in the share redemption program, except for redemptions sought upon a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.” We limit the number of shares redeemed pursuant to the share redemption program as follows: (i) during any calendar year, we may redeem no more than 5% of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the prior calendar year and (ii) during each calendar year, redemptions will be limited to the amount of net proceeds from the sale of shares under our dividend reinvestment plan during the prior calendar year and the last $1.0 million of such net proceeds shall be reserved exclusively for shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence” (except that we may increase or decrease this funding limit by providing ten business days’ notice to our stockholders). We may not redeem more than $3.0 million of shares in a given quarter (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”). To the extent that we redeem less than $3.0 million of shares (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”) in a given fiscal quarter, any remaining excess capacity to redeem shares in such fiscal quarter will be added to our capacity to otherwise redeem shares (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”) during succeeding fiscal quarters. We may increase or decrease this limit upon ten business days’ notice to stockholders. Further, we have no obligation to redeem shares if the redemption would violate the restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, which prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency. These limits may prevent us from accommodating all redemption requests made in any year. Our board is free to amend, suspend or terminate the share redemption program upon 10 business days’ notice.

The price at which we will redeem shares under the program is 95% of our most recent estimated value per share.

The most recent estimated value per share of our common stock is $11.50 . For a full description of the methodologies and assumptions used to value our assets and liabilities in connection with the calculation of the estimated value per share, see Part II, Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities - Market Information.” The value of our shares will fluctuate over time in response to developments related to individual assets in our portfolio and the management of those assets and in response to the real estate and finance markets. As such, the estimated value per share does not take into account developments in our portfolio since December 7, 2017 . We currently expect to utilize our advisor and/or an independent valuation firm to update our estimated value per share no later than December 2018 . Upon updating our estimated value per share, the redemption price per share will also change. Because of the restrictions of our share redemption program, our stockholders may not be able to sell their shares under the program, and if stockholders are able to sell their shares, depending upon the then current redemption price, they may not recover the amount of their investment in us.

The estimated value per share of our common stock may not reflect the value that stockholders will receive for their investment.

On December 7, 2017 , our board of directors approved an estimated value per share of our common stock of $11.50 based on the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities, or net asset value, divided by the number of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2017 , with the exception of adjustments to (i) our net asset value to give effect to a self-tender offer completed in October 2017 (the “Self-Tender”) and the December 7, 2017 declaration of a special dividend of $3.61 per share on the outstanding shares of our common stock to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 7, 2017 and (ii) our shares outstanding to give effect to the Self-Tender. All of our assets and liabilities were valued as of September 30, 2017 . We provided this estimated value per share to assist broker-dealers that participated in our initial public offering in meeting their customer account statement reporting obligations under National Association of Securities Dealers Conduct Rule 2340, as required by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). The valuation was performed in accordance with the provisions of and also to comply with Practice Guideline 2013-01, Valuations of Publicly Registered, Non-Listed REITs issued by the Investment Program Association (“IPA”) in April 2013. The estimated value per share was based upon the recommendation and valuation prepared by our advisor.

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As with any valuation methodology, the methodologies used are based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. Different parties with different assumptions and estimates could derive a different estimated value per share, and these differences could be significant. The estimated value per share is not audited and does not represent the fair value of our assets less our liabilities according to GAAP, nor does it represent a liquidation value of our assets and liabilities or the amount at which our shares of common stock would trade at on a national securities exchange. The estimated value per share does not reflect a discount for the fact that we are externally managed, nor does it reflect a real estate portfolio premium/discount versus the sum of the individual property values. The estimated value per share also does not take into account estimated disposition costs and fees for real estate properties that are not held for sale, debt prepayment penalties that could apply upon the prepayment of certain of our debt obligations or the impact of restrictions on the assumption of debt. The estimated value per share does consider any participation or incentive fees that would be due to our advisor based on our aggregate net asset value and that would be payable in our hypothetical liquidation as of the valuation date in accordance with the terms of our advisory agreement.

Accordingly, with respect to the estimated value per share, we can give no assurance that:


•	a stockholder would be able to resell his or her shares at this estimated value per share;


•	a stockholder would ultimately realize distributions per share equal to our estimated value per share upon liquidation of our assets and settlement of our liabilities or a sale of the company;


•	our shares of common stock would trade at the estimated value per share on a national securities exchange;


•	an independent third-party appraiser or other third-party valuation firm would agree with our estimated value per share; or


•	the methodology used to estimate our value per share would be acceptable to FINRA or for compliance with ERISA reporting requirements.

For a full description of the methodologies and assumptions used to value our assets and liabilities in connection with the calculation of the estimated value per share, see Part II, Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities — Market Information.” We currently expect to utilize our advisor and/or an independent valuation firm to update the estimated value per share in December 2018 .

Our investors’ interest in us will be diluted if we issue additional shares, which could reduce the overall value of their investment.

Our common stockholders do not have preemptive rights to any shares we issue in the future. Our charter authorizes us to issue 1,010,000,000 shares of capital stock, of which 1,000,000,000 shares are designated as common stock and 10,000,000 shares are designated as preferred stock. Our board of directors may increase the number of authorized shares of capital stock without stockholder approval. Our board may elect to (i) sell additional shares in our current or future public offerings, including through our dividend reinvestment plan, (ii) issue equity interests in private offerings, (iii) issue shares to our advisor, or its successors or assigns, in payment of an outstanding fee obligation or (iv) issue shares of our common stock to sellers of assets we acquire in connection with an exchange of limited partnership interests of the Operating Partnership. To the extent we issue additional equity interests, our stockholders’ percentage ownership interest in us will be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional offerings, the use of the proceeds and the value of our investments, our stockholders may also experience dilution in the book value and fair value of their shares and in the earnings and distributions per share.

Payment of fees to KBS Capital Advisors and its affiliates reduces cash available for investment and distribution and increases the risk that our stockholders will not be able to recover the amount of their investment in our shares.

KBS Capital Advisors and its affiliates perform services for us in connection with the selection, acquisition, origination, management, and administration of our investments. We pay them substantial fees for these services, which results in immediate dilution to the value of our stockholders’ investment and reduces the amount of cash available for investment or distribution to stockholders. Compensation to be paid to our advisor may be increased subject to approval by our conflicts committee and the other limitations in our charter, which would further dilute our stockholders’ investment and reduce the amount of cash available for investment or distribution to stockholders.

We may also pay significant fees during our listing/liquidation stage. Although most of the fees payable during our listing/liquidation stage are contingent on our investors first enjoying agreed-upon investment returns, the investment-return thresholds may be reduced subject to approval by our conflicts committee and the other limitations in our charter.

Therefore, these fees increase the risk that the amount available for distribution to common stockholders upon a liquidation of our portfolio would be less than the price paid by our stockholders to purchase shares in our initial public offering. These substantial fees and other payments also increase the risk that our stockholders will not be able to resell their shares at a profit, even if our shares are listed on a national securities exchange.

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Failure to procure adequate capital and funding would negatively impact our results and may, in turn, negatively affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

We will depend upon the availability of adequate funding and capital for our operations. The failure to secure acceptable financing could reduce our taxable income, as our investments would no longer generate the same level of net interest income due to the lack of funding or increase in funding costs. A reduction in our net income could reduce our liquidity and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. We cannot assure our stockholders that any, or sufficient, funding or capital will be available to us in the future on terms that are acceptable to us. Therefore, in the event that we cannot obtain sufficient funding on acceptable terms, there may be a negative impact on our ability to make distributions.

Although we are not currently afforded the protection of the Maryland General Corporation Law relating to deterring or defending hostile takeovers, our board of directors could opt into these provisions of Maryland law in the future, which may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and may prevent our stockholders from receiving a premium price for their stock in connection with a business combination.

Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and certain interested stockholders or affiliates of interested stockholders are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. Also under Maryland law, control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquirer, an officer of the corporation or an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation are excluded from the vote on whether to accord voting rights to the control shares. Should our board of directors opt into these provisions of Maryland law, it may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer. Similarly, provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the Maryland General Corporation Law could provide similar anti-takeover protection.

Our charter includes an anti-takeover provision that may discourage a stockholder from launching a tender offer for our shares.

Our charter provides that any tender offer made by a stockholder, including any “mini-tender” offer, must comply with most provisions of Regulation 14D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The offering stockholder must provide us with notice of such tender offer at least 10 business days before initiating the tender offer. If the offering stockholder does not comply with these requirements, we will have the right to redeem that stockholder’s shares and any shares acquired in such tender offer. In addition, the noncomplying stockholder shall be responsible for all of our expenses in connection with that stockholder’s noncompliance. This provision of our charter may discourage a stockholder from initiating a tender offer for our shares and prevent our stockholders from receiving a premium price for their shares in such a transaction.

General Risks Related to Investments

Our investments will be subject to the risks typically associated with real estate.

We have invested in and will continue to invest in a diverse portfolio of opportunistic real estate, real estate-related loans, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments. Each of these investments will be subject to the risks typically associated with real estate. Our potential investments in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, collateralized debt obligations and other real estate-related investments may be similarly affected by real estate property values. The value of real estate may be adversely affected by a number of risks, including:


•	natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes and floods;


•	acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of terrorist attacks, such as those that occurred on September 11, 2001;


•	adverse changes in national and local economic and real estate conditions;


•	an oversupply of (or a reduction in demand for) space in the areas where particular properties are located and the attractiveness of particular properties to prospective tenants;


•	changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance therewith and the potential for liability under applicable laws;


•	costs of remediation and liabilities associated with environmental conditions affecting properties; and


•	the potential for uninsured or underinsured property losses.

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The value of each property is affected significantly by its ability to generate cash flow and net income, which in turn depends on the amount of rental or other income that can be generated net of expenses required to be incurred with respect to the property. Many expenditures associated with properties (such as operating expenses and capital expenditures) cannot be reduced when there is a reduction in income from the properties. These factors may have a material adverse effect on the ability of our borrowers to pay their loans and our tenants to pay their rent, as well as on the value that we can realize from other real estate-related assets we originate, own or acquire.

We depend on tenants for revenue, and lease defaults or terminations could reduce our net income and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

The success of our real estate investments materially depends on the financial stability of our tenants. A default or termination by a significant tenant on its lease payments to us would cause us to lose the revenue associated with such lease and could require us to find an alternative source of revenue to meet mortgage payments and prevent a foreclosure, if the property is subject to a mortgage. In the event of a tenant default or bankruptcy, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing our property. If a tenant defaults on or terminates a significant lease, we may be unable to lease the property for the rent previously received or sell the property without incurring a loss. These events could cause us to reduce the amount of distributions to our stockholders.

Properties that have significant vacancies could be difficult to sell, which could diminish the return on these properties.

A property may incur vacancies either by the expiration of tenant leases or the continued default of tenants under their leases. If vacancies continue for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in less cash available to distribute to our stockholders. In addition, because a property’s market value depends principally upon the value of the leases associated with that property, the resale value of a property with high or prolonged vacancies could suffer, which could further reduce our returns.

Our opportunistic property-acquisition strategy involves a higher risk of loss than would a strategy of investing in other properties.

A substantial portion of our portfolio consists of direct investments in opportunistic real estate. We consider opportunistic or enhanced-return properties to be properties with significant possibilities for short-term capital appreciation, such as non-stabilized properties, properties with moderate vacancies or near-term lease rollovers, poorly managed and positioned properties, properties owned by distressed sellers and built-to-suit properties. These properties may include, but are not limited to, office, industrial and retail properties, hospitality properties and undeveloped residential lots.

Traditional performance metrics of real estate assets may not be meaningful for opportunistic real estate. Non-stabilized properties, for example, do not have stabilized occupancy rates to provide a useful measure of revenue. Appraisals may provide a sense of the value of the investment, but any appraisal of the property will be based on numerous estimates, judgments and assumptions that significantly affect the appraised value of the underlying property. Further, an appraisal of a non-stabilized property, in particular, involves a high degree of subjectivity due to high vacancy levels and uncertainties with respect to future market rental rates and timing of lease-up and stabilization. Accordingly, different assumptions may materially change the appraised value of the property. In addition, the value of the property will change over time.

In addition, we may pursue more than one strategy to create value in an opportunistic real estate investment. These strategies may include development, redevelopment, or lease-up of such property. Our ability to generate a return on these investments will depend on numerous factors, some or all of which may be out of our control, such as (i) our ability to correctly price an asset that is not generating an optimal level of revenue or otherwise performing under its potential, (ii) our ability to choose and execute on a successful value-creating strategy, (iii) our ability to avoid delays, regulatory hurdles, and other potential impediments, (iv) local market conditions, and (v) competition for similar properties in the same market. The factors described above make it challenging to evaluate opportunistic real estate investments and make investments in such properties riskier than investments in other properties.

Investment in non-conforming and non-investment grade loans may involve increased risk of loss.

Loans we acquire or originate may not conform to conventional loan criteria applied by traditional lenders and may not be rated or may be rated as non-investment grade. Non-investment grade ratings for these loans typically result from the overall leverage of the loans, the lack of a strong operating history for the properties underlying the loans, the borrowers’ credit history, the properties’ underlying cash flow or other factors. As a result, non-conforming and non-investment grade loans we acquire or originate may have a higher risk of default and loss than conventional loans. Any loss we incur may reduce distributions to stockholders and adversely affect the value of our common stock.

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Risks of cost overruns and non-completion of the construction or renovation of the properties underlying loans we make or acquire may materially and adversely affect our investment.

The renovation, refurbishment or expansion by a borrower under a mortgaged or leveraged property involves risks of cost overruns and non-completion. Costs of construction or improvements to bring a property up to standards established for the market position intended for that property may exceed original estimates, possibly making a project uneconomical. Other risks may include environmental risks and the possibility of construction, rehabilitation and subsequent leasing of the property not being completed on schedule. If such construction or renovation is not completed in a timely manner, or if it costs more than expected, the borrower may experience a prolonged impairment of net operating income and may not be able to make payments on our investment.

Investments that are not United States government insured involve risk of loss.

We may originate and acquire uninsured loans and assets as part of our investment strategy. Such loans and assets may include mortgage loans, mezzanine loans and bridge loans. While holding such interests, we are subject to risks of borrower defaults, bankruptcies, fraud, losses and special hazard losses that are not covered by standard hazard insurance. In the event of any default under loans, we bear the risk of loss of principal and nonpayment of interest and fees to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal amount of the loan. To the extent we suffer such losses with respect to our investments in such loans, the value of our company and the price of our common stock may be adversely affected.

Prepayments can adversely affect the yields on our investments.

The yields of our assets may be affected by the rate of prepayments differing from our projections. Prepayments on debt instruments, where permitted under the debt documents, are influenced by changes in current interest rates and a variety of economic, geographic and other factors beyond our control, and consequently, such prepayment rates cannot be predicted with certainty. If we are unable to invest the proceeds of any prepayments we receive in assets with at least an equivalent yield, the yield on our portfolio will decline. In addition, we may acquire assets at a discount or premium and if the asset does not repay when expected, our anticipated yield may be impacted. Under certain interest rate and prepayment scenarios we may fail to recoup fully our cost of acquisition of certain investments.

If credit spreads widen before we obtain long-term financing for our assets, the value of our assets may suffer.

We will price our assets based on our assumptions about future credit spreads for financing of those assets. We expect to obtain longer-term financing for our assets using structured financing techniques in the future. In such financings, interest rates are typically set at a spread over a certain benchmark, such as the yield on United States Treasury obligations, swaps, or LIBOR. If the spread that borrowers will pay over the benchmark widens and the rates we charge on our assets to be securitized are not increased accordingly, our income may be reduced or we may suffer losses.

Hedging against interest rate and foreign currency exposure may adversely affect our earnings, limit our gains or result in losses, which could adversely affect cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

We have entered into, and may continue to enter into, interest rate swap agreements and other interest rate and foreign currency hedging strategies. Our hedging activity will vary in scope based on the level of interest rates, the type of portfolio investments held, the foreign currency held and other changing market conditions. Interest rate and foreign currency hedging may fail to protect or could adversely affect us because, among other things:


•	interest rate and foreign currency hedging can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising and volatile interest rates or exchange rates, as applicable;


•	available interest rate and foreign currency hedging products may not correspond directly with the risk for which protection is sought;


•	the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability or asset;


•	the amount of income that a REIT may earn from hedging transactions to offset losses due to fluctuations in interest rates is limited by federal tax provisions governing REITs;


•	the credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction;


•	the party owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay; and


•	we may purchase a hedge that turns out not to be necessary, i.e., a hedge that is out of the money.

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Any hedging activity we engage in may adversely affect our earnings, which could adversely affect cash available for distribution to our stockholders. Therefore, while we may enter into such transactions to seek to reduce interest rate and foreign currency risks, unanticipated changes in interest rates or exchange rates, as applicable, may result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged or liabilities being hedged may vary materially. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the interest rate risk or exchange rate risk sought to be hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the intended accounting treatment and may expose us to risk of loss.

Hedging instruments often are not traded on regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or regulated by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities and involve risks and costs.

The cost of using hedging instruments increases as the period covered by the instrument increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest rates. We may increase our hedging activity and thus increase our hedging costs during periods when interest rates are volatile or rising and hedging costs have increased. In addition, hedging instruments involve risk since they often are not traded on regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or regulated by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities. Consequently, there are no requirements with respect to record keeping, financial responsibility or segregation of customer funds and positions. Furthermore, the enforceability of agreements underlying derivative transactions may depend on compliance with applicable statutory, commodity and other regulatory requirements and, depending on the identity of the counterparty, applicable international requirements. The business failure of a hedging counterparty with whom we enter into a hedging transaction will most likely result in a default. Default by a party with whom we enter into a hedging transaction may result in the loss of unrealized profits and force us to cover our resale commitments, if any, at the then current market price. Although generally we will seek to reserve the right to terminate our hedging positions, it may not always be possible to dispose of or close out a hedging position without the consent of the hedging counterparty, and we may not be able to enter into an offsetting contract in order to cover our risk. We cannot be certain that a liquid secondary market will exist for hedging instruments purchased or sold, and we may be required to maintain a position until exercise or expiration, which could result in losses.

We will assume the credit risk of our counterparties with respect to derivative transactions.

We may enter into derivative contracts for risk management purposes to hedge our exposure to cash flow variability caused by changing interest rates on our future variable rate real estate loans receivable and variable rate notes payable. These derivative contracts generally are entered into with bank counterparties and are not traded on an organized exchange or guaranteed by a central clearing organization. We would therefore assume the credit risk that our counterparties will fail to make periodic payments when due under these contracts or become insolvent. If a counterparty fails to make a required payment, becomes the subject of a bankruptcy case, or otherwise defaults under the applicable contract, we would have the right to terminate all outstanding derivative transactions with that counterparty and settle them based on their net market value or replacement cost. In such an event, we may be required to make a termination payment to the counterparty, or we may have the right to collect a termination payment from such counterparty. We assume the credit risk that the counterparty will not be able to make any termination payment owing to us. We may not receive any collateral from a counterparty, or we may receive collateral that is insufficient to satisfy the counterparty’s obligation to make a termination payment. If a counterparty is the subject of a bankruptcy case, we will be an unsecured creditor in such case unless the counterparty has pledged sufficient collateral to us to satisfy the counterparty’s obligations to us.

We will assume the risk that our derivative counterparty may terminate transactions early.

If we fail to make a required payment or otherwise default under the terms of a derivative contract, the counterparty would have the right to terminate all outstanding derivative transactions between us and that counterparty and settle them based on their net market value or replacement cost. In certain circumstances, the counterparty may have the right to terminate derivative transactions early even if we are not defaulting. If our derivative transactions are terminated early, it may not be possible for us to replace those transactions with another counterparty, on as favorable terms or at all.

We may be required to collateralize our derivative transactions.

We may be required to secure our obligations to our counterparties under our derivative contracts by pledging collateral to our counterparties. That collateral may be in the form of cash, securities or other assets. If we default under a derivative contract with a counterparty, or if a counterparty otherwise terminates one or more derivative contracts early, that counterparty may apply such collateral toward our obligation to make a termination payment to the counterparty. If we have pledged securities or other assets, the counterparty may liquidate those assets in order to satisfy our obligations. If we are required to post cash or securities as collateral, such cash or securities will not be available for use in our business. Cash or securities pledged to counterparties may be repledged by counterparties and may not be held in segregated accounts. Therefore, in the event of a counterparty insolvency, we may not be entitled to recover some or all collateral pledged to that counterparty, which could result in losses and have an adverse effect on our operations.

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There can be no assurance that the direct or indirect effects of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, enacted in July 2010 for the purpose of stabilizing or reforming the financial markets, and other applicable non-U.S. regulation will not have an adverse effect on our interest rate hedging activities.

Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act imposed additional regulations on derivatives markets and transactions. Such regulations and, to the extent we trade with counterparties organized in non-US jurisdictions, any applicable regulations in those jurisdictions, are still being implemented, and will affect our interest rate hedging activities. While the full impact of regulation on our interest rate hedging activities cannot be fully assessed until all final rules and regulations are implemented, such regulation may affect our ability to enter into hedging or other risk management transactions, may increase our costs in entering into such transactions, and may result in us entering into such transactions on less favorable terms than prior to effectiveness of such regulation. For example, subject to an exception under the Dodd-Frank Act for “end-users” of swaps upon which we may seek to rely, we may be required to clear certain interest rate hedging transactions by submitting them to a derivatives clearing organization. In addition, to the extent we are required to clear any such transactions, we will be required to, among other things, post margin in connection with such transactions. The occurrence of any of the foregoing events may have an adverse effect on our business and our stockholders’ returns.

Our investments in debt securities and preferred and common equity securities will be subject to the specific risks relating to the particular issuer of the securities and may involve greater risk of loss than secured debt financings.

We may make equity investments in funds or corporate entities with a primary focus on the commercial real estate and real estate finance industries or with significant exposure to real estate, such as REITs, hotels and gaming companies. We may purchase the common or preferred stock of these entities or purchase or write options with respect to their stock. We may eventually seek to acquire or gain a controlling interest in the companies that we target. We do not expect our non-controlling equity investments in other public companies to represent a substantial portion of our assets at any one time. We may also invest in debt securities and preferred equity securities issued by funds or corporate entities with a primary focus on the commercial real estate and real estate finance industries or with significant exposure to real estate. Our investments in debt securities and preferred and common equity securities will involve special risks relating to the particular issuer of the securities, including the financial condition and business outlook of the issuer. Issuers that are REITs and other real estate companies are subject to the inherent risks associated with real estate investments. Furthermore, debt securities and preferred and common equity securities may involve greater risk of loss than secured debt financings due to a variety of factors, including that such investments are generally unsecured and may also be subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. As a result, investments in debt securities and preferred and common equity securities are subject to risks of (i) limited liquidity in the secondary trading market, (ii) substantial market price volatility resulting from changes in prevailing interest rates, (iii) subordination to the claims of banks and senior lenders to the issuer, (iv) the operation of mandatory sinking fund or call/redemption provisions during periods of declining interest rates that could cause the issuer to reinvest redemption proceeds in lower yielding assets, (v) the possibility that earnings of the issuer may be insufficient to meet its debt service and distribution obligations, and (vi) the declining creditworthiness and potential for insolvency of the issuer during periods of rising interest rates and economic downturn. These risks may adversely affect the value of outstanding debt securities and preferred and common equity securities and the ability of the issuers thereof to make principal, interest and/or distribution payments to us.

Declines in the market values of our investments may adversely affect periodic reported results of operations and credit availability, which may reduce earnings and, in turn, cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

A portion of our assets may be classified for accounting purposes as “available-for-sale.” These investments are carried at estimated fair value and temporary changes in the market values of those assets will be directly charged or credited to stockholders’ equity without impacting net income on the income statement. Moreover, if we determine that a decline in the estimated fair value of an available-for-sale security below its amortized value is other-than-temporary, we will recognize a loss on that security on the income statement, which will reduce our earnings in the period recognized.

A decline in the market value of our assets may adversely affect us, particularly in instances where we have borrowed money based on the market value of those assets. If the market value of those assets declines, the lender may require us to post additional collateral to support the loan. If we were unable to post the additional collateral, we may have to sell assets at a time when we might not otherwise choose to do so. A reduction in credit available may reduce our earnings and, in turn, cash available for distribution to stockholders.

Further, credit facility providers may require us to maintain a certain amount of cash reserves or to set aside unlevered assets sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position, which would allow us to satisfy our collateral obligations. As a result, we may not be able to leverage our assets as fully as we would choose, which could reduce our return on equity. In the event that we are unable to meet these contractual obligations, our financial condition could deteriorate rapidly.

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Market values of our investments may decline for a number of reasons, such as changes in prevailing interest rates, increases in defaults, increases in voluntary prepayments for our investments that are subject to prepayment risk, widening of credit spreads and downgrades of ratings of the securities by ratings agencies.

Our joint venture partners could take actions that decrease the value of an investment to us and lower our stockholders’ overall return.

We have entered into, and may continue to enter into, joint ventures with third parties to make investments. We may also make investments in partnerships or other co-ownership arrangements or participations. Such investments may involve risks not otherwise present with other methods of investment, including, for example, the following risks:


•	that our co-venturer or partner in an investment could become insolvent or bankrupt;


•	that such co-venturer or partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals that are or that become inconsistent with our business interests or goals; or


•	that such co-venturer or partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives.

Any of the above might subject us to liabilities and thus reduce our returns on our investment with that co-venturer or partner.

Our due diligence may not reveal all of a borrower’s liabilities and may not reveal other weaknesses in its business.

Before making a loan to a borrower or acquiring debt or equity securities of a company, we assess the strength and skills of such entity’s management and other factors that we believe are material to the performance of the investment. In making the assessment and otherwise conducting customary due diligence, we rely on the resources available to us and, in some cases, an investigation by third parties. This process is particularly important and subjective with respect to newly organized or private entities because there may be little or no information publicly available about the entities. There can be no assurance that our due diligence processes will uncover all relevant facts or that any investment will be successful.

We depend on debtors for our revenue, and, accordingly, our revenue and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders will be dependent upon the success and economic viability of such debtors.

The success of our investments in real estate-related loans, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments materially depend on the financial stability of the debtors underlying such investments. The inability of a single major debtor or a number of smaller debtors to meet their payment obligations could result in reduced revenue or losses for us.

Our inability to sell a property at the time and on the terms we want could limit our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders.

Many factors that are beyond our control affect the real estate market and could affect our ability to sell properties for the price, on the terms or within the time frame that we desire. These factors include general economic conditions, the availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand. Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, we have a limited ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions. Further, before we can sell a property on the terms we want, it may be necessary to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements. However, we can give no assurance that we will have the funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements. We may be unable to sell our properties at a profit. Our inability to sell properties at the time and on the terms we want could reduce our cash flow and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and could reduce the value of our shares.

If we sell a property by providing financing to the purchaser, we will bear the risk of default by the purchaser, which could delay or reduce the distributions available to our stockholders.

If we decide to sell any of our properties, we intend to use our best efforts to sell them for cash; however, in some instances, we may sell our properties by providing financing to purchasers. When we provide financing to a purchaser, we will bear the risk that the purchaser may default, which could reduce our cash distributions to stockholders. Even in the absence of a purchaser default, the distribution of the proceeds of the sale to our stockholders, or the reinvestment of the proceeds in other assets, will be delayed until the promissory note or other property we may accept upon a sale are actually paid, sold, refinanced or otherwise disposed.

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Potential development and construction delays and resultant increased costs and risks may hinder our operating results and decrease our net income.

From time to time, we may acquire unimproved real property or properties that are under development or construction. Investments in such properties will be subject to the uncertainties associated with the development and construction of real property, including those related to re-zoning land for development, environmental concerns of governmental entities and/or community groups and our builders’ ability to build in conformity with plans, specifications, budgeted costs and timetables. If a builder fails to perform, we may resort to legal action to rescind the purchase or the construction contract or to compel performance. A builder’s performance may also be affected or delayed by conditions beyond the builder’s control. Delays in completing construction could also give tenants the right to terminate preconstruction leases. We may incur additional risks when we make periodic progress payments or other advances to builders before they complete construction. These and other factors can result in increased costs of a project or loss of our investment. In addition, we will be subject to normal lease-up risks relating to newly constructed projects. We also must rely on rental income and expense projections and estimates of the fair market value of property upon completion of construction when agreeing upon a purchase price at the time we acquire the property. If our projections are inaccurate, we may pay too much for a property, and the return on our investment could suffer.

Costs imposed pursuant to governmental laws and regulations may reduce our net income and the cash available for distributions to our stockholders.

Real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment and human health. We could be subject to liability in the form of fines, penalties or damages for noncompliance with these laws and regulations. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, the remediation of contamination associated with the release or disposal of solid and hazardous materials, the presence of toxic building materials, and other health and safety-related concerns.

Some of these laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on the tenants, owners or operators of real property for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault, whether the contamination occurred prior to purchase, or whether the acts causing the contamination were legal. Activities of our tenants, the condition of properties at the time we buy them, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties.

The presence of hazardous substances, or the failure to properly manage or remediate these substances, may hinder our ability to sell, rent or pledge such property as collateral for future borrowings. Any material expenditures, fines, penalties, or damages we must pay will reduce our ability to make distributions and may reduce the value of our shares.

The costs of defending against claims of environmental liability, of complying with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims could reduce the amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous real property owner or operator may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in such property. These costs could be substantial. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Environmental laws also may impose liens on property or restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures or prevent us from entering into leases with prospective tenants that may be impacted by such laws. Environmental laws provide for sanctions for noncompliance and may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, by private parties. Certain environmental laws and common law principles could be used to impose liability for the release of and exposure to hazardous substances, including asbestos-containing materials and lead-based paint. Third parties may seek recovery from real property owners or operators for personal injury or property damage associated with exposure to released hazardous substances. The costs of defending against claims of environmental liability, of complying with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims could reduce the amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

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Costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act may decrease cash available for distributions.

Our properties may be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, or the Disabilities Act. Under the Disabilities Act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Disabilities Act has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities” that generally require that buildings and services be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The Disabilities Act’s requirements could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties or, in some cases, an award of damages. Any funds used for Disabilities Act compliance will reduce our net income and the amount of cash available for distributions to our stockholders.

Uninsured losses relating to real property or excessively expensive premiums for insurance coverage could reduce our cash flows and the return on our stockholders’ investment.

There are types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters, that are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Insurance risks associated with potential acts of terrorism could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. Additionally, mortgage lenders in some cases have begun to insist that commercial property owners purchase coverage against terrorism as a condition for providing mortgage loans. Such insurance policies may not be available at reasonable costs, if at all, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our properties. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not have adequate coverage for such losses. If any of our properties incurs a casualty loss that is not fully insured, the value of our assets will be reduced by any such uninsured loss, which may reduce the value of our shares. In addition, other than any working capital reserve or other reserves we may establish, we have no source of funding to repair or reconstruct any uninsured property. Also, to the extent we must pay unexpectedly large amounts for insurance, we could suffer reduced earnings that would result in lower distributions to our stockholders.

Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence or war may affect the markets in which we plan to operate, which could delay or hinder our ability to meet our investment objectives and reduce our stockholders’ overall return.

Terrorist attacks or armed conflicts may directly impact the value of our properties through damage, destruction, loss or increased security costs. Certain of our investments are located in major metropolitan areas. Insurance risks associated with potential acts of terrorism against office and other properties in major metropolitan areas could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. Additionally, mortgage lenders in some cases have begun to insist that specific coverage against terrorism be purchased by commercial owners as a condition for providing loans. We may not be able to obtain insurance against the risk of terrorism because it may not be available or may not be available on terms that are economically feasible. The terrorism insurance that we obtain may not be sufficient to cover loss for damages to our properties as a result of terrorist attacks. In addition, certain losses resulting from these types of events are uninsurable and others may not be covered by our terrorism insurance. The costs of obtaining terrorism insurance and any uninsured losses we may suffer as a result of terrorist attacks could reduce the returns on our investments and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

Risks Related to Our Financing Strategy

We use leverage in connection with our investments, which increases the risk of loss associated with our investments.

We have financed the acquisition and origination of a portion of our investments with mortgages and other borrowings. Although the use of leverage may enhance returns and increase the number of investments that we can make, it may also substantially increase the risk of loss. Our ability to execute this strategy depends on various conditions in the financing markets that are beyond our control, including liquidity and credit spreads. There can be no assurance that leveraged financing will be available to us on favorable terms or that, among other factors, the terms of such financing will parallel the maturities of the underlying assets acquired. If our strategy is not viable, we will have to find alternative forms of long-term financing for our assets, as secured revolving credit facilities and repurchase facilities may not accommodate long-term financing. This could subject us to more restrictive recourse indebtedness and the risk that debt service on less efficient forms of financing would require a larger portion of our cash flows, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our stockholders, for our operations and for future business opportunities. If alternative financing is not available, we may have to liquidate assets at unfavorable prices to pay off such financing. The return on our investments and cash available for distribution to our stockholders may be reduced to the extent that changes in market conditions cause the cost of our financing to increase relative to the income that we can derive from the assets we acquire.

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We may use leverage in connection with any real estate investments we make, which increases the risk of loss associated with this type of investment.

We may finance the acquisition and origination of certain real estate-related investments with warehouse lines of credit and repurchase agreements. In addition, we may engage in various types of securitizations in order to finance our loan originations. Although the use of leverage may enhance returns and increase the number of investments that we can make, it may also substantially increase the risk of loss. There can be no assurance that leveraged financing will be available to us on favorable terms or that, among other factors, the terms of such financing will parallel the maturities of the underlying assets acquired. If alternative financing is not available, we may have to liquidate assets at unfavorable prices to pay off such financing. The return on our investments and cash available for distribution to our stockholders may be reduced to the extent that changes in market conditions cause the cost of our financing to increase relative to the income that we can derive from the assets we acquire.

Our debt service payments will reduce our cash available for distribution. We may not be able to meet our debt service obligations and, to the extent that we cannot, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets to foreclosure or sale to satisfy our debt obligations. If we utilize repurchase agreement financing and if the market value of the assets subject to a repurchase agreement declines, we may be required to provide additional collateral or make cash payments to maintain the loan to collateral value ratio. If we are unable to provide such collateral or cash repayments, we may lose our economic interest in the underlying assets. Further, credit facility providers and warehouse facility providers may require us to maintain a certain amount of cash reserves or to set aside unleveraged assets sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position that would allow us to satisfy our collateral obligations. As a result, we may not be able to leverage our assets as fully as we would choose, which could reduce our return on investment. In the event that we are unable to meet these collateral obligations, our financial condition could deteriorate rapidly.

We may not be able to access financing sources on attractive terms, which could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.

We may finance our assets over the long-term through a variety of means, including repurchase agreements, credit facilities, issuances of commercial mortgage-backed securities and other structured financings. Our ability to execute this strategy will depend on various conditions in the markets for financing in this manner that are beyond our control, including lack of liquidity and greater credit spreads. We cannot be certain that these markets will remain an efficient source of long-term financing for our assets. If our strategy is not viable, we will have to find alternative forms of long-term financing for our assets, as secured revolving credit facilities and repurchase agreements may not accommodate long-term financing. This could subject us to more recourse indebtedness and the risk that debt service on less efficient forms of financing would require a larger portion of our cash flow, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our stockholders and funds available for operations as well as for future business opportunities.

High mortgage rates or changes in underwriting standards may make it difficult for us to finance or refinance properties, which could reduce our cash flows from operations and the amount of cash distributions we can make.

If mortgage debt is unavailable at reasonable rates, we may not be able to finance our properties. If we place mortgage debt on a property, we run the risk of being unable to refinance part or all of the property subject to the mortgage debt when it becomes due or of being unable to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher when we refinance properties subject to mortgage debt, our income could be reduced. We may be unable to refinance or may only be able to partly refinance properties if underwriting standards, including loan to value ratios and yield requirements, among other requirements, are more strict than when we originally financed the properties. If any of these events occur, our cash flow could be reduced and/or we might have to pay down existing mortgages. This, in turn, would reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders, could cause us to require additional capital and may hinder our ability to raise capital by issuing more stock or by borrowing more money.

Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

When providing financing, a lender may impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Loan agreements into which we enter may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage a property or that prohibit us from discontinuing insurance coverage or replacing KBS Capital Advisors as our advisor. These or other limitations would decrease our operating flexibility and our ability to achieve our operating objectives.

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Increases in interest rates would increase the amount of our debt payments and limit our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.

We have incurred significant amounts of variable rate debt. Increases in interest rates will increase the cost of that debt, which could reduce our cash flows from operations and the cash we have available to pay distributions to our stockholders. In addition, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments at times that may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments.

In a period of rising interest rates, our interest expense could increase while the interest we earn on our fixed-rate assets would not change, which would adversely affect our profitability.

Our operating results will depend in large part on differences between the income from our assets, net of credit losses and financing costs. Income from our assets may respond more slowly to interest rate fluctuations than the cost of our borrowings. Consequently, changes in interest rates, particularly short-term interest rates, may significantly influence our net income. Increases in these rates will tend to decrease our net income and market value of our assets. Interest rate fluctuations resulting in our interest expense exceeding our interest income would result in operating losses for us and may limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments at times that may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments.

We have broad authority to incur debt and high debt levels could hinder our ability to make distributions and decrease the value of our stockholders’ investment.

Our charter limits our total liabilities to 75% of the cost (before deducting depreciation or other noncash reserves) of our tangible assets; however, we may exceed that limit if the majority of the conflicts committee of our board of directors approves each borrowing in excess of our charter limitation and we disclose such borrowings to our stockholders in our next quarterly report with an explanation from the conflicts committee of the justification for the excess borrowing. As of December 31, 2017 , our borrowings and other liabilities were approximately 62% and 61% of the cost (before depreciation and other noncash reserves) and book value (before depreciation) of our tangible assets, respectively. High debt levels would cause us to incur higher interest charges and higher debt service payments and may also be accompanied by restrictive covenants. These factors could limit the amount of cash we have available to distribute and could result in a decline in the value of our stockholders’ investment.

The change in the value of Israeli currency may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

In March 2016, we issued 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $249.2 million as of March 8, 2016 ) in 4.25% bonds to Israeli investors through a public offering, which bonds are denominated in Israeli new Shekels. As a result, we are subject to foreign currency risk due to potential fluctuations in exchange rates between Israeli new Shekels and U.S. Dollars. More specifically, a significant change in the value of the Israeli new Shekels may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. We have attempted to mitigate this foreign currency risk by using derivative contracts. However, there can be no assurance that those attempts to mitigate foreign currency risk will ultimately be successful.

The deed of trust that governs the bonds issued to Israeli investors includes restrictive covenants that may adversely affect our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

The deed of trust that governs the terms of the bonds issued to Israeli investors contains various restrictive covenants. Such restrictive covenants may prohibit us from making certain investments, selling properties or taking certain other actions that our board of directors otherwise believes to be in our best interests. Such restrictions may adversely affect our operations and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. For example, we may not make investments through the BVI outside the U.S. and are restricted in our land and development investments made through the BVI. In addition, the BVI must maintain at least $475 million in consolidated equity and, except as necessary for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT, may not make distributions to us that would cause the consolidated equity capital of the BVI to drop below $600 million. In addition, certain significant transactions involving the BVI and our company, another KBS-sponsored company, or a KBS affiliate, or a sale of 60% of BVI assets, may require the consent of the bondholders. Finally, for as long as the debentures are outstanding, we may not conduct our investment strategy through an entity other than the BVI without the consent of the noteholders (unless those investments would be prohibited by the deed of trust, in which case we must conduct them outside of the BVI). A violation of any of the foregoing could constitute an event of default, result in an increase of the interest rate of the bonds in up to 1% (as of December 31, 2017 the interest rate was 4.25%) and cause the bonds to become immediately due and payable.

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Federal Income Tax Risks

Our failure to continue to qualify as a REIT would subject us to federal income tax and reduce cash available for distribution to you.

We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. We intend to continue to operate in a manner so as to continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code provisions for which only a limited number of judicial and administrative interpretations exist. Even an inadvertent or technical mistake could jeopardize our REIT status. Our continued qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. Moreover, new tax legislation, administrative guidance or court decisions, in each instance potentially with retroactive effect, could make it more difficult or impossible for us to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we fail to continue to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal and applicable state and local income tax on our taxable income at corporate rates, in which case we might be required to borrow or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax. Losing our REIT status would reduce our net income available for investment or distribution to you because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to you would no longer qualify for the dividends-paid deduction and we would no longer be required to make distributions. Furthermore, if we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year for which we have elected to be taxed as a REIT, we would generally be unable to elect REIT status for the four taxable years following the year in which our REIT status is lost.

Complying with REIT requirements may force us to borrow funds to make distributions to you or otherwise depend on external sources of capital to fund such distributions.

To continue to qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute annually at least 90% of our taxable income, subject to certain adjustments, to our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy the distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, if we so elect, a stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term gain and would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid. A stockholder, including a tax-exempt or foreign stockholder, would have to file a federal income tax return to claim that credit or refund. Furthermore, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws.

From time-to-time, we may generate taxable income greater than our net income (loss) for U.S. GAAP. In addition, our taxable income may be greater than our cash flow available for distribution to you as a result of, among other things, investments in assets that generate taxable income in advance of the corresponding cash flow from the assets (for instance, if a borrower defers the payment of interest in cash pursuant to a contractual right or otherwise).

If we do not have other funds available in the situations described in the preceding paragraphs, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell investments at disadvantageous prices or find another alternative source of funds to make distributions sufficient to enable us to distribute enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity.

Because of the distribution requirement, it is unlikely that we will be able to fund all future capital needs, including capital needs in connection with investments, from cash retained from operations. As a result, to fund future capital needs, we likely will have to rely on third-party sources of capital, including both debt and equity financing, which may or may not be available on favorable terms or at all. Our access to third-party sources of capital will depend upon a number of factors, including our current and potential future earnings and cash distributions.

We could fail to continue to qualify as a REIT if the IRS successfully challenges our treatment of our mezzanine loans and repurchase agreements.

We intend to continue to operate in a manner so as to continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. However, qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code provisions for which only a limited number of judicial and administrative interpretations exist. If the IRS disagrees with the application of these provisions to our assets or transactions, including assets we have owned and past transactions, our REIT qualification could be jeopardized. For instance, IRS Revenue Procedure 2003-65 provides a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan, if it meets each of the requirements contained therein, will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests and interest derived from it will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% income test. Although Revenue Procedure 2003-65 provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. While mezzanine loans in which we may invest may not meet all of the requirements for reliance on this safe harbor, we expect that any of our investments in mezzanine loans will be made in a manner that we believe will enable us to continue to satisfy the REIT gross income and asset tests.

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In addition, we may enter into sale and repurchase agreements under which we nominally sell certain of our mortgage assets to a counterparty and simultaneously enter into an agreement to repurchase the sold assets. We believe that we will be treated for federal income tax purposes as the owner of the mortgage assets that are the subject of any such sale and repurchase agreement notwithstanding that we transfer record ownership of the assets to the counterparty during the term of the agreement. It is possible, however, that the IRS could assert that we did not own the mortgage assets during the term of the sale and repurchase agreement, in which case our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT could be adversely affected.

Even if the IRS were to disagree with one or more of our interpretations and we were treated as having failed to satisfy one of the REIT qualification requirements, we could maintain our REIT qualification if our failure was excused under certain statutory “savings” provisions. However, there can be no guarantee that we would be entitled to benefit from those statutory savings provisions if we failed to satisfy one of the REIT qualification requirements, and even if we were entitled to benefit from those statutory savings provisions, we could be required to pay a penalty tax.

Despite our qualification for taxation as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to you.

Despite our qualification for taxation as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income or property. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distribution to you. For instance:


•	In order to continue to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain for this purpose) to you.


•	To the extent that we satisfy the distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on the undistributed income.


•	We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which distributions we pay in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years.


•	If we have net income from the sale of foreclosure property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we must pay a tax on that income at the highest corporate income tax rate.


•	If we sell an asset, other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business and do not qualify for a safe harbor in the Internal Revenue Code, our gain would be subject to the 100% “prohibited transaction” tax.


•	Any domestic taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS, of ours will be subject to federal corporate income tax on its income, and on any non-arm’s-length transactions between us and any TRS, for instance, excessive rents charged to a TRS could be subject to a 100% tax. We may be subject to tax on income from certain activities conducted as a result of taking title to collateral.


•	We may be subject to state or local income, property and transfer taxes, such as mortgage recording taxes.

Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities or liquidate otherwise attractive investments.

To continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to stockholders and the ownership of our stock. As discussed above, we may be required to make distributions to you at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Additionally, we may be unable to pursue investments that would be otherwise attractive to us in order to satisfy the requirements for qualifying as a REIT.

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We must also ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets can consist of the securities of any one issuer (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) and no more than 25% of the value of our gross assets (20% for tax years after 2017) may be represented by securities of one or more TRSs. Finally, for the taxable years after 2015, no more than 25% of our assets may consist of debt investments that are issued by “publicly offered REITs” and would not otherwise be treated as qualifying real estate assets. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct such failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter to avoid losing our REIT status and suffering adverse tax consequences, unless certain relief provisions apply. As a result, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of profit maximization and may require us to liquidate investments from our portfolio, or refrain from making, otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to stockholders.

Our acquisition of debt or securities investments may cause us to recognize income for federal income tax purposes even though no cash payments have been received on the debt investments.

We may acquire debt or securities investments in the secondary market for less than their face amount. The amount of such discount will generally be treated as a “market discount” for federal income tax purposes. If these debt or securities investments provide for “payment-in-kind” interest, we may recognize “original issue discount,” or OID, for federal income tax purposes. Moreover, we may acquire distressed debt investments that are subsequently modified by agreement with the borrower. If the amendments to the outstanding debt constitute “significant modifications” under the applicable Treasury Regulations, the modified debt may be considered to have been reissued to us in a debt-for-debt exchange with the borrower. In that event, if the debt is considered to be “publicly traded” for federal income tax purposes, the modified debt in our hands may be considered to have been issued with OID to the extent the fair market value of the modified debt is less than the principal amount of the outstanding debt. In the event the debt is not considered to be “publicly traded” for federal income tax purposes, we may be required to recognize taxable income to the extent that the principal amount of the modified debt exceeds our cost of purchasing it. Also, certain loans that we originate and later modify and certain previously modified debt we acquire in the secondary market may be considered to have been issued with the OID at the time it was modified.

In general, we will be required to accrue OID on a debt instrument as taxable income in accordance with applicable federal income tax rules even though no cash payments may be received on such debt instrument on a current basis.

In the event a borrower with respect to a particular debt instrument encounters financial difficulty rendering it unable to pay stated interest as due, we may nonetheless be required to continue to recognize the unpaid interest as taxable income. Similarly, we may be required to accrue interest income with respect to subordinate mortgage-backed securities at the stated rate regardless of when their corresponding cash payments are received.

In order to meet the REIT distribution requirements, it might be necessary for us to arrange for short-term, or possibly longterm borrowings, or to pay distributions in the form of our shares or other taxable in-kind distributions of property. We may need to borrow funds at times when the market conditions are unfavorable. Such borrowings could increase our costs and reduce the value of your investment. In the event in-kind distributions are made, your tax liabilities associated with an investment in our common stock for a given year may exceed the amount of cash we distribute to you during such year.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively.

The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code may limit our ability to hedge our operations effectively. Our aggregate gross income from non-qualifying hedges, fees and certain other non-qualifying sources cannot exceed 5% of our annual gross income. As a result, we might have to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. Any hedging income earned by a TRS would be subject to federal, state and local income tax at regular corporate rates. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities or expose us to greater risks associated with interest rate or other changes than we would otherwise incur.

If the IRS were to successfully recast our Israeli bond offering as an equity issuance rather than a borrowing, our REIT

qualification could be threatened.

We have structured our Israeli bond offering to be viewed for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a borrowing by us via disregarded entities. If the IRS were to successfully recast our Israeli bond offering as an equity issuance rather than a borrowing, our REIT qualification could be threatened.

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Liquidation of assets may jeopardize our REIT qualification.

To continue to qualify as a REIT, we must comply with requirements regarding our assets and our sources of income. If we are compelled to liquidate our investments to satisfy our obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with these requirements, ultimately jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT, or we may be subject to a 100% prohibited transaction tax on any resulting gain if we sell assets that are treated as dealer property or inventory.

The prohibited transactions tax may limit our ability to engage in transactions, including disposition of assets and certain methods of securitizing loans, which would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.

A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of dealer property, other than foreclosure property, but including loans held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. We might be subject to the prohibited transaction tax if we were to dispose of or securitize loans in a manner that is treated as a sale of the loans, for federal income tax purposes. In order to avoid the prohibited transactions tax, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of loans and may limit the structures we use for any securitization financing transactions, even though such sales or structures might otherwise be beneficial to us. Additionally, we may be subject to the prohibited transaction tax upon a disposition of real property. Although a safe-harbor exception to prohibited transaction treatment is available, we cannot assure you that we can comply with such safe harbor or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business. Consequently, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of real property or may conduct such sales through a TRS.

It may be possible to reduce the impact of the prohibited transaction tax by conducting certain activities through a TRS. However, to the extent that we engage in such activities through a TRS, the income associated with such activities will be subject to a corporate income tax. In addition, the IRS may attempt to ignore or otherwise recast such activities in order to impose a prohibited transaction tax on us, and there can be no assurance that such recast will not be successful.

Specifically, in 2016, we contributed certain undeveloped land in Las Vegas to a TRS, which was structured as a taxable sale. We have taken the position that such sale is not a dealer sale and, thus, not a prohibited transaction. There can be no assurances that the IRS will agree with our characterization of the transactions and such sale may be subject to recast and a 100% tax on the gain may be imposed.

We also may not be able to use secured financing structures that would create taxable mortgage pools, other than in a TRS or through a subsidiary REIT.

We may recognize substantial amounts of REIT taxable income, which we would be required to distribute to you, in a year in which we are not profitable under U.S. GAAP principles or other economic measures.

We may recognize substantial amounts of REIT taxable income in years in which we are not profitable under U.S. GAAP or other economic measures as a result of the differences between U.S. GAAP and tax accounting methods. For instance, certain of our assets will be marked-to-market for U.S. GAAP purposes but not for tax purposes, which could result in losses for U.S. GAAP purposes that are not recognized in computing our REIT taxable income. Additionally, we may deduct our capital losses only to the extent of our capital gains in computing our REIT taxable income for a given taxable year. Consequently, we could recognize substantial amounts of REIT taxable income and would be required to distribute such income to you, in a year in which we are not profitable under U.S. GAAP or other economic measures.

We may distribute our common stock in a taxable distribution, in which case you may sell shares of our common stock to pay tax on such distributions, and you may receive less in cash than the amount of the dividend that is taxable.

We may make taxable distributions that are payable in cash and common stock. The IRS has issued private letter rulings to other REITs treating certain distributions that are paid partly in cash and partly in stock as taxable distributions that would satisfy the REIT annual distribution requirement and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for federal income tax purposes. Those rulings may be relied upon only by taxpayers to whom they were issued, but we could request a similar ruling from the IRS. Accordingly, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to make taxable distributions payable in cash and common stock. If we made a taxable dividend payable in cash and common stock, taxable stockholders receiving such distributions will be required to include the dividend as taxable income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for federal income tax purposes. As a result, you may be required to pay income tax with respect to such distributions in excess of the cash distributions received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the common stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount recorded in earnings with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common stock.

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REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.

We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain for this purpose) in order to continue to qualify as a REIT. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Internal Revenue Code and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax. We may be required to make distributions to stockholders at times when it would be more advantageous to reinvest cash in our business or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.

Our qualification as a REIT could be jeopardized as a result of an interest in joint ventures or investment funds.

We may hold certain limited partner or non-managing member interests in partnerships or limited liability companies that are joint ventures or investment funds. If a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our qualification as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a REIT gross income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to continue to qualify as a REIT unless we are able to qualify for a statutory REIT “savings” provision, which may require us to pay a significant penalty tax to maintain our REIT qualification.

Distributions paid by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates that apply to other corporate distributions.

The maximum tax rate for “qualified dividends” paid by corporations to non-corporate stockholders is currently 20%. Distributions paid by REITs, however, generally are taxed at ordinary income rates (currently subject to a maximum rate of 37% for non-corporate stockholders), rather than the preferential rate applicable to qualified dividends.

Our qualification as a REIT may depend upon the accuracy of legal opinions or advice rendered or given or statements by the issuers of assets we acquire.

When purchasing securities, we may rely on opinions or advice of counsel for the issuer of such securities, or statements made in related offering documents, for purposes of determining, among other things, whether such securities represent debt or equity securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the value of such securities, and also to what extent those securities constitute qualified real estate assets for purposes of the REIT asset tests and produce qualified income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. The inaccuracy of any such opinions, advice or statements may adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT and result in significant corporate-level tax.

Our charter limits the number of shares a person may own, which may discourage a takeover that could otherwise result in a premium price paid to you.

Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our board of directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. To help us comply with the REIT ownership requirements of the Internal Revenue Code, among other purposes, our charter prohibits a person from directly or constructively owning more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our stock of any class or series or more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our common stock, unless exempted (prospectively or retroactively) by our board of directors. This restriction may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might otherwise provide a premium price for holders of our shares of common stock.

Stockholders may have current tax liability on distributions they elect to reinvest in our common stock.

If a stockholder participates in our dividend reinvestment plan, he or she will be deemed to have received, and for income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in shares of our common stock to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free return of capital. In addition, our stockholders will be treated for tax purposes as having received an additional distribution to the extent the shares are purchased at a discount to fair market value, if any. As a result, unless a stockholder is a tax-exempt entity, a stockholder may have to use funds from other sources to pay their tax liability on the value of the shares of common stock received.

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If our operating partnership fails to maintain its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, its income would be subject to taxation and our REIT status would be terminated.

We intend to maintain the status of our operating partnership as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. However, if the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of our operating partnership as a partnership, it would be taxable as a corporation. In such event, this would reduce the amount of distributions that our operating partnership could make to us. This would also result in our losing REIT status and becoming subject to a corporate level tax on our own income. This would substantially reduce our cash available to pay distributions and the return on our stockholders' investment. In addition, if any of the entities through which our operating partnership owns its properties, in whole or in part, loses its characterization as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, the underlying entity would become subject to taxation as a corporation, thereby reducing distributions to our operating partnership and jeopardizing our ability to maintain REIT status.

Early investors may receive tax benefits from our election to accelerate depreciation expense deductions of certain components of our investments, including land improvements and fixtures, from which later investors may not benefit.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions received, including distributions that are reinvested pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan, by our investors generally will be considered ordinary dividends to the extent that the distributions are paid out of our current and accumulated earnings and profits (excluding distributions of amounts either attributable to income subject to corporate-level taxation or designated as a capital gain dividend). However, depreciation expenses, among other deductible items, reduce taxable income and earnings and profits but do not reduce cash available for distribution. To the extent that a portion of any distributions to our investors exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, that portion will be considered a return of capital (a non-taxable distribution) for U.S. federal income tax purposes up to the amount of their tax basis in their shares (and any excess over their tax basis in their shares will result in capital gain from the deemed disposition of the investors’ shares). The amount of distributions considered a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes will not be subject to tax immediately but will instead reduce the tax basis of our investors’ investments, generally deferring any tax on that portion of the distribution until they sell their shares or we liquidate. Because we may choose to increase depreciation expense deductions in the earlier years after acquisition of an asset, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, of certain components of our investments, including land improvements and fixtures through the use of cost segregation studies, our early investors may benefit to the extent that increased depreciation causes all or a portion of the distributions they receive to be considered a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes thereby deferring tax on those distributions, while later investors may not benefit to the extent that the depreciation of these components has already been deducted.

Changes recently made to the U.S. tax laws could have a negative impact on our business.

The President signed a tax reform bill into law on December 22, 2017 (the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”). Among other things, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act:


•	Reduces the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% (including with respect to our taxable REIT subsidiary);


•	Reduces the rate of U.S. federal withholding tax on distributions made to non-U.S. stockholders by a REIT that are attributable to gains from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests from 35% to 21%;


•	Allows an immediate 100% deduction of the cost of certain capital asset investments (generally excluding real estate assets), subject to a phase-down of the deduction percentage over time;


•	Changes the recovery periods for certain real property and building improvements (for example, to 15 years for qualified improvement property under the modified accelerated cost recovery system, and to 30 years (previously 40 years) for residential real property and 20 years (previously 40 years) for qualified improvement property under the alternative depreciation system);


•	Restricts the deductibility of interest expense by businesses (generally, to 30% of the business’ adjusted taxable income) except, among others, real property businesses electing out of such restriction; we have not yet determined whether we and/or our subsidiaries can and/or will make such an election;


•	Requires the use of the less favorable alternative depreciation system to depreciate real property in the event a real property business elects to avoid the interest deduction restriction above;


•	Restricts the benefits of like-kind exchanges that defer capital gains for tax purposes to exchanges of real property;


•	Permanently repeals the “technical termination” rule for partnerships, meaning sales or exchanges of the interests in a partnership will be less likely to, among other things, terminate the taxable year of, and restart the depreciable lives of assets held by, such partnership for tax purposes;


•	Requires accrual method taxpayers to take certain amounts in income no later than the taxable year in which such income is taken into account as revenue in an applicable financial statement prepared under GAAP, which, with respect to certain leases, could accelerate the inclusion of rental income;


•	Eliminates the federal corporate alternative minimum tax;

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•	Reduces the highest marginal income tax rate for individuals to 37% from 39.6% (excluding, in each case, the 3.8% Medicare tax on net investment income);

•

Generally allows a deduction for individuals equal to 20% of certain income from pass-through entities, including ordinary dividends distributed by a REIT (excluding capital gain dividends and qualified dividend income), generally resulting in a maximum effective federal income tax rate applicable to such dividends of 29.6% compared to 37% (excluding, in each case, the 3.8% Medicare tax on net investment income); and


•	Limits certain deductions for individuals, including deductions for state and local income taxes, and eliminates deductions for miscellaneous itemized deductions (including certain investment expenses).

Many of the provisions in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, in particular those affecting individual taxpayers, expire at the end of 2025.

As a result of the changes to U.S. federal tax laws implemented by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, our taxable income and the amount of distributions to our stockholders required in order to maintain our REIT status, and our relative tax advantage as a REIT, could change. As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders annually.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is a complex revision to the U.S. federal income tax laws with various impacts on different categories of taxpayers and industries, and will require subsequent rulemaking and interpretation in a number of areas. The long-term impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on the overall economy, government revenues, our tenants, us, and the real estate industry cannot be reliably predicted at this time. Furthermore, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act may negatively impact certain of our tenants’ operating results, financial condition, and future business plans. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act may also result in reduced government revenues, and therefore reduced government spending, which may negatively impact some of our tenants that rely on government funding. There can be no assurance that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will not negatively impact our operating results, financial condition, and future business operations.

Retirement Plan Risks

If the fiduciary of an employee benefit plan subject to ERISA (such as a profit sharing, Section 401(k) or pension plan) or an owner of a retirement arrangement subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code (such as an IRA) fails to meet the fiduciary and other standards under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code as a result of an investment in our stock, the fiduciary could be subject to penalties and other sanctions.

There are special considerations that apply to employee benefit plans subject to ERISA (such as profit sharing, Section 401(k) or pension plans) and other retirement plans or accounts subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code (such as an IRA) that are investing in our shares (each a Benefit Plan). Fiduciaries and IRA owners investing the assets of such a plan or account in our common stock should satisfy themselves that:


•	the investment is consistent with their fiduciary and other obligations under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code;


•	the investment is made in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the plan or IRA, including the plan’s or account’s investment policy;


•	the investment satisfies the prudence and diversification requirements of Sections 404(a)(1)(B) and 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA and other applicable provisions of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code;


•	the investment in our shares, for which no public market currently exists, is consistent with the liquidity needs of the plan or IRA;


•	the investment will not produce an unacceptable amount of “unrelated business taxable income” for the plan or IRA;


•	our stockholders will be able to comply with the requirements under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code to value the assets of the plan or IRA annually; and


•	the investment will not constitute a prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.

With respect to the annual valuation requirements described above, we will provide an estimated value for our stock annually. Although this estimate will be based upon determinations of the NAV of our shares in accordance with our valuation procedures, no assurance can be given that such estimated value will satisfy the applicable annual valuation requirements under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code. The Department of Labor or the Internal Revenue Service may determine that a plan fiduciary or an IRA custodian is required to take further steps to determine the value of our common stock. In the absence of an appropriate determination of value, a plan fiduciary or an IRA custodian may be subject to damages, penalties or other sanctions.

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On April 8, 2016, the Department of Labor issued a final regulation relating to the definition of a fiduciary under ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code. The final regulation broadens the definition of fiduciary and is accompanied by new and revised prohibited transaction exemptions relating to investments by employee benefit plans subject to ERISA, plans and accounts described in Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code and entities with assets that constitute the forgoing. The final regulation took effect on June 9, 2017, and the Department of Labor has announced that it is proposing to delay the implementation of the various prohibited transaction exemptions and that these exemptions would remain subject to transition rules through July 1, 2019. The final regulation and the accompanying exemptions are complex. Plan fiduciaries and the beneficial owners of IRAs are urged to consult with their own advisors regarding this development.

Failure to satisfy the fiduciary standards of conduct and other applicable requirements of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code may result in the imposition of civil and criminal penalties and could subject the fiduciary to claims for damages or for equitable remedies, including liability for investment losses. In addition, if an investment in our shares constitutes a prohibited transaction under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code, the fiduciary or IRA owner who authorized or directed the investment may be subject to the imposition of excise taxes with respect to the amount invested. In addition, the investment transaction must be undone. In the case of a prohibited transaction involving an IRA owner, the IRA may be disqualified as a tax-exempt account and all of the assets of the IRA may be deemed distributed and subjected to tax. ERISA plan fiduciaries and IRA owners should consult with counsel before making an investment in our common stock.

If our assets are deemed to be plan assets, KBS Capital Advisors and we may be exposed to liabilities under Title I of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code.

In some circumstances where an ERISA plan holds an interest in an entity, the assets of the entity are deemed to be ERISA plan assets unless an exception applies. This is known as the “look-through rule.” Under those circumstances, the obligations and other responsibilities of plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and plan administrators, and of parties in interest and disqualified persons, under Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, may be applicable, and there may be liability under these and other provisions of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code. We believe that our assets should not be treated as plan assets because the shares should qualify as “publicly-offered securities” that are exempt from the look-through rules under applicable Treasury Regulations. We note, however, that because certain limitations are imposed upon the transferability of shares so that we may qualify as a REIT, and perhaps for other reasons, it is possible that this exemption may not apply. If that is the case, and if KBS Capital Advisors or we are exposed to liability under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code, our performance and results of operations could be adversely affected. Prior to making an investment in us, you should consult with your legal and other advisors concerning the impact of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code on your investment and our performance.


ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

We have no unresolved staff comments.

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ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES

As of December 31, 2017 , we owned four office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings and one retail property encompassing, in the aggregate, approximately 2.7 million rentable square feet. As of December 31, 2017 , these properties were 76% occupied. In addition, we owned two apartment properties containing 383 units and encompassing approximately 0.3 million rentable square feet, which were 96% occupied. We also owned three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,100 developable acres. The following table provides summary information regarding our properties as of December 31, 2017 :



Property Location of Property	Date Acquired or Foreclosed on	Property Type	Rentable Square Feet	Total Real Estate at Cost ⁽¹⁾ (in thousands)		Occupancy		Ownership %
Richardson Portfolio Richardson, TX	11/23/2011	Office/ Undeveloped Land	569,980	42,473		76.3	%	90.0	%
Park Highlands ⁽²⁾ North Las Vegas, NV	12/30/2011	Undeveloped Land	—	34,428		N/A		⁽²⁾
Burbank Collection Burbank, CA	12/12/2012	Retail	39,035	17,436		89.5	%	90.0	%
Park Centre Austin, TX	03/28/2013	Office	203,193	29,638		57.0	%	100.0	%
Central Building Seattle, WA	07/10/2013	Office	193,968	35,308		82.1	%	100.0	%
1180 Raymond Newark, NJ	08/20/2013	Apartment	268,688	46,395		95.9	%	100.0	%
Park Highlands II North Las Vegas, NV	12/10/2013	Undeveloped Land	—	24,948		N/A		100.0	%
424 Bedford Brooklyn, NY	01/31/2014	Apartment	49,220	34,567		93.9	%	90.0	%
Richardson Land II Richardson, TX	09/04/2014	Undeveloped Land	—	3,418		N/A		90.0	%
Westpark Portfolio Redmond, WA	05/10/2016	Office/Flex/Industrial	779,887	133,022		80.8	%	100.0	%
Crown Pointe Dunwoody, GA	02/14/2017	Office	509,792	87,829		67.3	%	100.0	%
125 John Carpenter Irving, TX	09/15/2017	Office	445,317	85,222		82.6	%	100.0	%
			3,059,080	$	574,684

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⁽¹⁾ Total real estate at cost represents the total cost of real estate net of write-offs of fully depreciated/amortized assets.

⁽²⁾ On September 7, 2016, our subsidiary that owns a portion of Park Highlands, sold 820 units of 10% Class A non-voting preferred membership units for $0.8 million to accredited investors. The amount of the Class A non-voting preferred membership units raised, net of offering costs, is included in other liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

As of December 31, 2017 , there were no tenants occupying 10% or more of our total rentable square footage. As of December 31, 2017 , our real estate portfolio’s highest tenant industry concentration (greater than 10% of annualized base rent) was as follows:



Industry	Number of Tenants	Annualized Base Rent ⁽¹⁾ (in thousands)		Percentage of Annualized Base Rent
Management Consulting	32	$	4,489	10.7	%

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⁽¹⁾ Annualized base rent represents annualized contractual base rental income as of December 31, 2017 , adjusted to straight-line any contractual tenant concessions (including free rent), rent increases and rent decreases from the lease’s inception through the balance of the lease term.

No other tenant industries accounted for more than 10% of annualized base rent. No material tenant credit issues have been identified at this time.

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Portfolio Lease Expiration

The following table reflects lease expirations of our owned properties, excluding apartment leases, as of December 31, 2017 :



Year of Expiration	Number of Leases Expiring	Annualized Base Rent (in thousands) ⁽¹⁾		% of Portfolio Annualized Base Rent Expiring		Leased Rentable Square Feet Expiring	% of Portfolio Rentable Square Feet Expiring
Month-to-Month	14	$	1,198	2.9	%	85,293	4.1	%
2018	72	5,646		13.5	%	291,681	14.0	%
2019	63	4,687		11.2	%	255,407	12.2	%
2020	56	6,725		16.1	%	385,832	18.5	%
2021	31	4,057		9.7	%	190,135	9.1	%
2022	27	5,797		13.9	%	290,247	13.9	%
2023	19	2,491		6.0	%	157,825	7.6	%
2024	8	1,320		3.2	%	59,807	2.9	%
2025	10	3,571		8.5	%	132,867	6.4	%
2026	8	1,629		3.9	%	80,307	3.8	%
2027	9	4,076		9.7	%	143,753	6.9	%
Thereafter	3	598		1.4	%	13,156	0.6	%
Total	320	$	41,795	100	%	2,086,310	100	%

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ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are party to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Management is not aware of any legal proceedings of which the outcome is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition, nor are we aware of any such legal proceedings contemplated by government agencies.


ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II


ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Stockholder Information

As of March 1, 2018 , we had 64.7 million shares of common stock outstanding held by a total of approximately 15,000 stockholders. The number of stockholders is based on the records of DST Systems, Inc., who serves as our transfer agent.

Market Information

No public market currently exists for our shares of common stock, and we currently have no plans to list our shares on a national securities exchange. Until our shares are listed, if ever, our stockholders may not sell their shares unless the buyer meets applicable suitability and minimum purchase requirements. In addition, our charter prohibits the ownership of more than 9.8% of our stock, unless exempted by our board of directors. Consequently, there is the risk that our stockholders may not be able to sell their shares at a time or price acceptable to them.

We provide an estimated value per share to assist broker-dealers that participated in our initial public offering in meeting their customer account statement reporting obligations under National Association of Securities Dealers Conduct Rule 2340 as required by FINRA. This valuation was performed in accordance with the provisions of and also to comply with Practice Guideline 2013-01, Valuations of Publicly Registered, Non-Listed REITs issued by the IPA in April 2013. For this purpose, we estimated the value of the shares of our common stock as $11.50 per share as of December 31, 2017 . This estimated value per share is based on our board of directors’ approval on December 7, 2017 of an estimated value per share of our common stock of $11.50 based on the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities, or net asset value, divided by the number of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2017 , with the exception of adjustments to (i) our net asset value to give effect to a self-tender offer completed in October 2017 (the “Self-Tender”) and the December 7, 2017 declaration of a special dividend of $3.61 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 7, 2017 (the “Special Dividend”) and (ii) our shares outstanding to give effect to the Self-Tender. Excluding the Special Dividend, our estimated value per share of common stock would be $15.11. Other than the Self-Tender and the declaration of the Special Dividend, there were no material changes between September 30, 2017 and December 7, 2017 to the net values of our assets and liabilities that impacted the overall estimated value per share. On November 8, 2017, we completed the sale of the Singapore Portfolio (defined below); however, such transaction did not have a material impact on our estimated value per share of common stock as the valuation of the Singapore Portfolio used in the calculation of our estimated value per share was based on the sales price less actual disposition costs and fees of the Singapore Portfolio.

Our conflicts committee, composed of all of our independent directors, is responsible for the oversight of the valuation process, including the review and approval of the valuation process and methodologies used to determine our estimated value per share, the consistency of the valuation and appraisal methodologies with real estate industry standards and practices and the reasonableness of the assumptions used in the valuations and appraisals. The estimated value per share was based upon the recommendation and valuation prepared by KBS Capital Advisors, our external advisor. KBS Capital Advisors’ valuation of our consolidated investments in real estate properties and two of our unconsolidated joint venture investments in real estate properties was based on (i) appraisals of such investments performed by third-party valuation firms, (ii) the acquisition price of a recently acquired real estate property and (iii) the sales price less actual disposition costs and fees of the 11 properties (the “Singapore Portfolio”) that were sold to a newly formed Singapore real estate investment trust subsequent to September 30, 2017. Appraisals on (i) all of our consolidated investments in real properties, excluding one office property acquired in September 2017, investments in undeveloped land and the Singapore Portfolio, and (ii) two of our unconsolidated investments in real estate properties were performed by Duff & Phelps, LLC (“Duff & Phelps”). Appraisals of our investments in undeveloped land were performed by Newmark Knight Frank Valuation & Advisory, LLC (“Newmark”), a division of Newmark Knight Frank. Duff & Phelps and Newmark, each an independent third-party valuation firm, also prepared appraisal reports, summarizing key inputs and assumptions, for each of the real estate properties they respectively appraised. KBS Capital Advisors also performed valuations with respect to our real estate-related investments, one of our unconsolidated joint ventures, cash, other assets, mortgage debt and other liabilities. The methodologies and assumptions used to determine the estimated value of our assets and the estimated value of our liabilities are described further below.

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KBS Capital Advisors used the appraised values of our real estate properties, the acquisition price of one office property and, in the case of the Singapore Portfolio, the sales price less actual disposition costs and fees, together with KBS Capital Advisors’ estimated value of each of our other assets and liabilities and adjusted for the impact of the Self-Tender and the Special Dividend, to calculate and recommend an estimated value per share of our common stock. Upon (i) the conflicts committee’s receipt and review of KBS Capital Advisors’ valuation report, including KBS Capital Advisors’ summary of the appraisal reports prepared by Duff & Phelps and Newmark and KBS Capital Advisors’ estimated value of each of our other assets and our liabilities, (ii) the conflicts committee’s review of the reasonableness of our estimated value per share resulting from KBS Capital Advisors’ valuation process, (iii) consideration of the Self-Tender and the Special Dividend, and (iv) in light of other factors considered by the conflicts committee and the conflicts committee’s own extensive knowledge of our assets and liabilities, the conflicts committee concluded that the estimated value per share proposed by KBS Capital Advisors was reasonable and recommended to the board of directors that it adopt $11.50 as the estimated value per share of our common stock. At the special meeting of the board of directors, the board of directors unanimously agreed to accept the recommendation of the conflicts committee and approved $11.50 as the estimated value of our common stock, which determination is ultimately and solely the responsibility of the board of directors.

The table below sets forth the calculation of our estimated value per share as of December 7, 2017 , as well as the calculation of our prior estimated value per share as of December 8, 2016 :



	December 7, 2017 Estimated Value per Share			December 8, 2016 Estimated Value per Share ⁽¹⁾			Change in Estimated Value per Share
Real estate properties ⁽²⁾	$	30.83		$	28.85		$	1.98
Real estate equity securities ⁽³⁾	0.90			—			0.90
Real estate debt securities ⁽³⁾	0.33			—			0.33
Cash ⁽⁴⁾	0.60			0.73			(0.13		)
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures ⁽⁵⁾	3.26			2.76			0.50
Other assets	0.53			0.52			0.01
Mortgage debt ⁽⁶⁾	(13.96		)	(12.12		)	(1.84		)
Series A Debentures ⁽⁷⁾	(5.54		)	(4.39		)	(1.15		)
Advisor participation fee potential liability	(0.54		)	(0.50		)	(0.04		)
Other liabilities	(0.71		)	(0.58		)	(0.13		)
Non-controlling interests	(0.59		)	(0.46		)	(0.13		)
Estimated value per share prior to December 7, 2017 Special Dividend declaration	$	15.11		$	14.81		$	0.30
Estimated enterprise value premium	None assumed			None assumed			None assumed
Special Dividend declared on December 7, 2017 ⁽⁸⁾	(3.61		)	—			(3.61		)
Total estimated value per share	$	11.50		$	14.81		$	(3.31	)

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⁽¹⁾ The December 8, 2016 estimated value per share was based upon the recommendation and valuation of KBS Capital Advisors. We engaged Duff & Phelps and Newmark, to provide appraisals of our real estate properties and KBS Capital Advisors performed valuations of our real estate-related investments, cash, other assets, mortgage debt and other liabilities. For more information relating to the December 8, 2016 estimated value per share and the assumptions and methodologies used by Duff & Phelps, Newmark and KBS Capital Advisors, see our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 15, 2016 .

⁽²⁾ The increase in the estimated value of real estate properties was due to increases in fair values of our real estate properties and additional acquisitions of real estate properties, partially offset by dispositions of real estate, including the sale of a 45% interest in one office property. The estimated value per share of our real estate properties as of December 7, 2017 includes the properties sold in the Singapore Portfolio subsequent to September 30, 2017 . As explained above, such transaction did not have a material impact on our estimated value per share of common stock.

⁽³⁾ The increases in the estimated values of real estate equity and debt securities were due to acquisitions of real estate equity and debt securities subsequent to September 30, 2016.

⁽⁴⁾ Reflects cash as of September 30, 2017 less cash proceeds used for the Self-Tender.

⁽⁵⁾ The increase in the estimated value of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures was primarily due to a new unconsolidated joint venture being formed following the sale of a 45% interest in an office property, partially offset by a return of capital distribution from another joint venture.

⁽⁶⁾ The increase in mortgage debt was primarily due to additional borrowings to fund acquisitions of real estate and capital expenditures on real estate. The estimated value per share of our mortgage debt as of December 7, 2017 includes the mortgage debt repaid subsequent to September 30, 2017 in connection with the sale of the Singapore Portfolio. As explained above, such transaction did not have a material impact on our estimated value per share of common stock.

⁽⁷⁾ Amount relates to Series A Debentures issued in Israel on March 8, 2016. The increase is due to an increase in fair value of the Series A Debentures, which are publicly traded on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange, and the change in foreign exchange rate of the Israeli new Shekel.

⁽⁸⁾ On December 7, 2017 , our board of directors declared the Special Dividend, which we paid in January 2018 . The Special Dividend was paid in a combination of cash and stock with cash funded from the sale of the Singapore Portfolio.

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The increase in our estimated value per share before the impact of the Special Dividend from the previous estimate was primarily due to the items noted below, which reflect the significant contributors to the increase in the estimated value per share from $14.81 to $15.11. The changes are not equal to the change in values of each real estate asset and liability group presented in the table above due to real estate property acquisitions, debt financings and other factors, which caused the value of certain asset or liability groups to change with no impact to our fair value of equity or the overall estimated value per share.



	Change in Estimated Value per Share
December 8, 2016 estimated value per share	$	14.81
Changes to estimated value per share
Investments
Real estate	1.30
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures	0.42
Investments in debt and equity securities	0.07
Capital expenditures on real estate	(0.81		)
Total change related to investments	0.98
Operating cash flows in excess of quarterly distributions declared	0.19
Foreign currency loss	(0.17		)
Selling, acquisition and financing costs ⁽¹⁾	(0.25		)
Advisor disposition fees ⁽²⁾	(0.14		)
Notes payable	(0.40		)
Self-Tender offer price discount ⁽³⁾	0.09
Total change in estimated value per share prior to December 7, 2017 Special Dividend declaration	$	0.30
Estimated value per share prior to December 7, 2017 Special Dividend declaration	$	15.11
Special Dividend ⁽⁴⁾	(3.61		)
December 7, 2017 estimated value per share	$	11.50

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⁽¹⁾ Selling, acquisition and financing costs include $7.7 million, or $0.14 per share, for the Singapore Portfolio sale on November 8, 2017.

⁽²⁾ Advisor disposition fees include approximately $7.2 million, or $0.13 per share, for the Singapore Portfolio sale on November 8, 2017.

⁽³⁾ On October 23, 2017, we accepted 4,688,671 shares for a price of $14.07 per share or an aggregate of $66.0 million in connection the Self-Tender, the results of which increases the estimated value per share as the purchase price for shares under the Self-Tender was less than the estimated value per share.

⁽⁴⁾ See footnote (8) to the table above.

As with any valuation methodology, the methodologies used are based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. Different parties using different assumptions and estimates could derive a different estimated value per share, and these differences could be significant. The estimated value per share is not audited and does not represent the fair value of our assets less the fair value of our liabilities according to GAAP, nor does it represent a liquidation value of our assets and liabilities or the price at which our shares of common stock would trade at on a national securities exchange. The estimated value per share does not reflect a discount for the fact that we are externally managed, nor does it reflect a real estate portfolio premium/discount versus the sum of the individual property values. The estimated value per share also does not take into account estimated disposition costs and fees for real estate properties that are not held for sale, debt prepayment penalties that could apply upon the prepayment of certain of our debt obligations or the impact of restrictions on the assumption of debt. The estimated value per share does consider any participation or incentive fees that would be due to KBS Capital Advisors based on the aggregate net asset value of us and that would be payable in a hypothetical liquidation of us as of the valuation date in accordance with the terms of our advisory agreement. As of December 7, 2017 , we had no potentially dilutive securities outstanding that would impact the estimated value per share of our common stock.

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Methodology

Our goal for the valuation was to arrive at a reasonable and supportable estimated value per share, using a process that was designed to be in compliance with the IPA Valuation Guidelines and using what we and KBS Capital Advisors deemed to be appropriate valuation methodologies and assumptions. The following is a summary of the valuation and appraisal methodologies, assumptions and estimates used to value our assets and liabilities:

Real Estate

Independent Valuation Firm

Duff & Phelps ⁽¹⁾ was selected by KBS Capital Advisors and approved by our conflicts committee to appraise all of our consolidated investments in real estate properties, 110 William Street (defined below) and 353 Sacramento (defined below) but excluding our investments in undeveloped land, one recently acquired office property and the Singapore Portfolio. Newmark ⁽²⁾ was selected by KBS Capital Advisors and approved by our conflicts committee to appraise our three investments in undeveloped land. Duff & Phelps and Newmark are engaged in the business of appraising commercial real estate properties and are not affiliated with us or KBS Capital Advisors. The compensation we paid to Duff & Phelps and Newmark is based on the scope of work and not on the appraised values of our real estate properties. The appraisals were performed in accordance with the Code of Ethics and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, or USPAP, the real estate appraisal industry standards created by The Appraisal Foundation, as well as the requirements of the state where each real property is located. Each appraisal was reviewed, approved and signed by an individual with the professional designation of MAI (Member of the Appraisal Institute). The use of the reports is subject to the requirements of the Appraisal Institute relating to review by its duly authorized representatives. In preparing their appraisal reports, Duff & Phelps and Newmark did not, and were not requested to, solicit third-party indications of interest for our common stock in connection with possible purchases thereof or the acquisition of all or any part of us.

Duff & Phelps and Newmark collected all reasonably available material information that each deemed relevant in appraising our real estate properties. Duff & Phelps relied in part on property-level information provided by KBS Capital Advisors, including (i) property historical and projected operating revenues and expenses; (ii) property lease agreements; and (iii) information regarding recent or planned capital expenditures. Newmark was provided with land surveys and development plans and relied in part on such information.

In conducting their investigation and analyses, Duff & Phelps and Newmark took into account customary and accepted financial and commercial procedures and considerations as they deemed relevant. Although Duff & Phelps and Newmark reviewed information supplied or otherwise made available by us or KBS Capital Advisors for reasonableness, they assumed and relied upon the accuracy and completeness of all such information and of all information supplied or otherwise made available to them by any other party and did not independently verify any such information. With respect to operating or financial forecasts and other information and data provided to or otherwise reviewed by or discussed with Duff & Phelps and Newmark, Duff & Phelps and Newmark assumed that such forecasts and other information and data were reasonably prepared in good faith on bases reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments of our management, board of directors and/or KBS Capital Advisors. Duff & Phelps and Newmark relied on us to advise them promptly if any information previously provided became inaccurate or was required to be updated during the period of their review.

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⁽¹⁾ Duff & Phelps is actively engaged in the business of appraising commercial real estate properties similar to those owned by us in connection with public securities offerings, private placements, business combinations and similar transactions. We engaged Duff & Phelps to deliver an appraisal report relating to all of our consolidated investments in real estate properties, with the exception of our investments in undeveloped land, and Duff & Phelps received fees upon the delivery of such report. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify Duff & Phelps against certain liabilities arising out of this engagement. In the four years prior to the date of this filing, Duff & Phelps and its affiliates have provided a number of commercial real estate, appraisal and valuation services for us and/or our affiliates and have received fees in connection with such services. Duff & Phelps and its affiliates may from time to time in the future perform other commercial real estate, appraisal and valuation services for us and our affiliates in transactions related to the properties that are the subjects of the appraisals, so long as such other services do not adversely affect the independence of the applicable Duff & Phelps appraiser as certified in the applicable appraisal reports.

⁽²⁾ Newmark is actively engaged in the business of appraising commercial real estate properties similar to those owned by us in connection with public securities offerings, private placements, business combinations and similar transactions. We engaged Newmark to deliver appraisal reports relating to our investments in undeveloped land and Newmark received fees upon the delivery of such reports. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify Newmark against certain liabilities arising out of this engagement. Newmark is an affiliate of Newmark Knight Frank, a parent holding company of affiliated companies that are engaged in the ordinary course of business in many areas related to commercial real estate and related services. Newmark and its affiliates may from time to time in the future perform other commercial real estate, appraisal, valuation and financial advisory services for us and our affiliates in transactions related to the properties that are the subjects of the appraisals, so long as such other services do not adversely affect the independence of the applicable Newmark appraiser as certified in the applicable appraisal reports.

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In performing their analyses, Duff & Phelps and Newmark made numerous other assumptions as of various points in time with respect to industry performance, general business, economic and regulatory conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond their control and our control, as well as certain factual matters. For example, unless specifically informed to the contrary, Duff & Phelps and Newmark assumed that we have clear and marketable title to each real estate property appraised, that no title defects exist, that any improvements were made in accordance with law, that no hazardous materials are present or were present previously, that no deed restrictions exist, and that no changes to zoning ordinances or regulations governing use, density or shape are pending or being considered. Furthermore, Duff & Phelps’ and Newmark’s analyses, opinions and conclusions were necessarily based upon market, economic, financial and other circumstances and conditions existing as of or prior to the date of the appraisal, and any material change in such circumstances and conditions may affect Duff & Phelps’ and Newmark’s analyses and conclusions. Duff & Phelps’ and Newmark’s appraisal reports contain other assumptions, qualifications and limitations that qualify the analyses, opinions and conclusions set forth therein. Furthermore, the prices at which our real estate properties may actually be sold could differ from Duff & Phelps’ and Newmark’s analyses.

Although Duff & Phelps and Newmark considered any comments received from us or KBS Capital Advisors to their appraisal reports, the final appraised values of our real estate properties, with the exception of the Singapore Portfolio and one recently acquired office property, were determined by Duff & Phelps and Newmark. The appraisal reports for our real estate properties are addressed solely to us to assist KBS Capital Advisors in calculating and recommending an updated estimated value per share of our common stock. The appraisal reports are not addressed to the public and may not be relied upon by any other person to establish an estimated value per share of our common stock and do not constitute a recommendation to any person to purchase or sell any shares of our common stock. In preparing their appraisal reports, Duff & Phelps and Newmark did not solicit third-party indications of interest for our real estate properties. While Duff & Phelps and Newmark are responsible for providing appraisals for us, Duff & Phelps and Newmark are not responsible for, did not calculate, and did not participate in the determination of the estimated value per share of our common stock.

The foregoing is a summary of the standard assumptions, qualifications and limitations that generally apply to Duff & Phelps’ and Newmark's appraisal reports. All of the Duff & Phelps and Newmark appraisal reports, including the analysis, opinions and conclusions set forth in such reports, are qualified by the assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth in the respective appraisal reports.

Real Estate Valuation

Duff & Phelps and Newmark (in the case of our ownership of undeveloped land) appraised each of our real estate properties, with the exception of one recently acquired office portfolio and the Singapore Portfolio. Duff & Phelps and Newmark used various methodologies, as appropriate, such as the direct capitalization approach, discounted cash flow analyses and sales comparison approach. Duff & Phelps relied primarily on 10-year discounted cash flow analyses for the final valuations of each of the real estate properties (which exclude undeveloped land) and Newmark relied primarily on the sales comparison approach for the final valuations of the undeveloped land that it appraised. Duff & Phelps calculated the discounted cash flow value of our real estate properties (which exclude undeveloped land) using property-level cash flow estimates, terminal capitalization rates and discount rates that fall within ranges they believe would be used by similar investors to value the properties we own based on recent comparable market transactions adjusted for unique property and market-specific factors. Newmark relied primarily on the sales comparison approach and estimated the value of the undeveloped land based on the most applicable recent comparable market transactions.

As of September 30, 2017 , we owned 22 real estate assets (consisting of 14 office properties, one office campus consisting of nine office buildings and 18 acres of undeveloped land, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 25 acres of undeveloped land, one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings, one retail property, two apartment properties and two investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,100 developable acres). On November 8, 2017, we, through 11 wholly owned subsidiaries, sold the Singapore Portfolio to various subsidiaries of Keppel-KBS US REIT, a newly formed Singapore real estate investment trust that is listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. We sold ten office properties and one office campus consisting of nine office buildings and 18 acres of undeveloped land. The estimated value for the Singapore Portfolio sold subsequent to September 30, 2017 was $804.0 million, before sales credits and costs.

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We obtained appraisals for 10 real estate assets (consisting of three office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 25 acres of undeveloped land, one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings, one retail property, two apartment properties and two investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,100 developable acres). As of September 30, 2017 , the total appraised value of our consolidated real estate properties, excluding one office property acquired in September 2017 and the Singapore Portfolio, as provided by Duff & Phelps and Newmark using the appraisal methods described above, was $744.4 million. The estimated value of the Singapore Portfolio, based on sale price less actual disposition cost and fees, was $779.1 million and the estimated value of an office property acquired in September 2017 was $82.8 million, which represents the purchase price of such office property. Based on the appraisal and valuation methodologies described above, the total estimated value of our consolidated real estate properties was $1,606.2 million. The total cost basis of these properties as of September 30, 2017 was $1,304.6 million. This amount includes the acquisition cost of $1,083.1 million, $38.0 million for the acquisition of minority interests in joint ventures, $167.3 million in capital expenditures, leasing commissions and tenant improvements since inception and $16.3 million of acquisition fees and expenses as well as foreclosure costs. The total estimated real estate value as of September 30, 2017 compared to the total acquisition cost of our real estate properties plus subsequent capital improvements through September 30, 2017 results in an overall increase in the real estate value of approximately 23%.

The following table summarizes the key assumptions that were used in the discounted cash flow models in order to arrive at the appraised real estate property values as well as the sales comparison range of values used to arrive at the appraised values for undeveloped land:



	Range in Values	Weighted-Average Basis
Consolidated Investments in Real Estate Properties (Excluding Undeveloped Land)
Terminal capitalization rate	4.00% to 7.50%	6.46%
Discount rate	4.75% to 9.50%	7.95%
Net operating income compounded annual growth rate ⁽¹⁾	(1.04%) to 15.16%	6.64%

Undeveloped Land
Price per acre ⁽²⁾	$115,552 to $1,313,519	$129,523

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⁽¹⁾ The net operating income compounded annual growth rates (“CAGRs”) reflect both the contractual and market rents and reimbursements (in cases where the contractual lease period is less than the hold period) net of expenses over the holding period. The range of CAGRs shown is the constant annual rate at which the net operating income is projected to grow to reach the net operating income in the final year of the hold period for each of the properties.

⁽²⁾ The weighted-average price per acre was primarily driven by our two investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,530 acres (1,100 developable acres) located in North Las Vegas, Nevada. The weighted-average price per acre for these two investments in undeveloped land was approximately $115,552.

While we believe that Duff & Phelps’ and Newmark’s assumptions and inputs are reasonable, a change in these assumptions and inputs would significantly impact the calculation of the appraised value of our real estate properties and, thus, its estimated value per share. As of September 30, 2017 , certain of our real estate assets have non-stabilized occupancies. Appraisals may provide a sense of the value of the investment, but any appraisal of the property will be based on numerous estimates, judgments and assumptions that significantly affect the appraised value of the underlying property. An appraisal of a non-stabilized property, in particular, involves a high degree of subjectivity due to high vacancy levels and uncertainties with respect to future market rental rates and timing of lease-up and stabilization. Accordingly, different assumptions may materially change the appraised value of the property. The table below illustrates the impact on the estimated value per share if the terminal capitalization rates or discount rates were adjusted by 25 basis points, and assuming all other factors remain unchanged, with respect to the real estate properties referenced in the table above (excluding undeveloped land). Additionally, the table below illustrates the impact on the estimated value per share if the terminal capitalization rates or discount rates were adjusted by 5% in accordance with the IPA guidance:



	Increase (Decrease) on the Estimated Value per Share due to
	Decrease of 25 basis points		Increase of 25 basis points			Decrease of 5%		Increase of 5%
Terminal capitalization rates	$	0.22	$	(0.20	)	$	0.28	$	(0.25	)
Discount rates	0.16		(0.15		)	0.26		(0.24		)

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The table below illustrates the impact on the estimated value per share if the price per acre of the investments in undeveloped land was adjusted by 5%:



	Increase (Decrease) on the Estimated Value per Share due to
	Decrease of 5%			Increase of 5%
Price per acre	$	(0.17	)	$	0.17

Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

As of September 30, 2017 , we held three investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. One of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures represents a 60% interest in a joint venture which owns an office property containing 928,157 rentable square feet (“110 William Street”). The appraised value of 110 William Street as provided by Duff & Phelps was $480.5 million. KBS Capital Advisors relied on the appraised value provided by Duff & Phelps along with the fair value of other assets and liabilities as determined by KBS Capital Advisors, and then calculated the amount that we would receive in a hypothetical liquidation of the real estate at the appraised value and the other assets and liabilities at their fair values based on the profit participation thresholds contained in the joint venture agreement. The resulting amount was the fair value assigned to our 60% interest in this unconsolidated joint venture. As of September 30, 2017 , the carrying value and estimated fair value of our investment in this unconsolidated joint venture were $8.7 million and $113.8 million, respectively.

Duff & Phelps relied on a 10-year discounted cash flow analyses for the final valuation of 110 William Street. The terminal capitalization rate, discount rate and CAGR used in the discounted cash flow model to arrive at the appraised value were 5.75%,7.00% and 7.95%, respectively.

One of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures represents a 55% interest in a joint venture which owns an office building containing 284,751 rentable square feet located on approximately 0.35 acres of land in San Francisco, California (“353 Sacramento”). The appraised value of 353 Sacramento as provided by Duff & Phelps was $180.3 million. KBS Capital Advisors relied on the appraised value provided by Duff & Phelps along with the fair value of other assets and liabilities as determined by KBS Capital Advisors, and then calculated the amount that we would receive in a hypothetical liquidation of the real estate at the appraised value and the other assets and liabilities at their fair values based on the profit participation thresholds contained in the joint venture agreement. The resulting amount was the fair value assigned to our 55% interest in this unconsolidated joint venture. As of September 30, 2017 , the carrying value and estimated fair value of our investment in this unconsolidated joint venture were $45.3 million and $51.3 million, respectively.

Duff & Phelps relied on a 10-year discounted cash flow analyses for the final valuation of 353 Sacramento. The terminal capitalization rate, discount rate and CAGR used in the discounted cash flow model to arrive at the appraised value were 5.50%,7.50% and 22.08%, respectively.

The table below illustrates the impact on the estimated value per share if the terminal capitalization rates or discount rates were adjusted by 25 basis points, and assuming all other factors remain unchanged, with respect to 110 William Street and 353 Sacramento. Additionally, the table below illustrates the impact on the estimated value per share if the terminal capitalization rates or discount rates for 110 William Street and 353 Sacramento were adjusted by 5% in accordance with the IPA guidance:



	Increase (Decrease) on the Estimated Value per Share due to
	Decrease of 25 basis points		Increase of 25 basis points			Decrease of 5%		Increase of 5%
Terminal capitalization rates	$	0.17	$	(0.15	)	$	0.19	$	(0.17	)
Discount rates	0.11		(0.10		)	0.16		(0.15		)

Our third unconsolidated joint venture investment represents an interest of less than 5% in a joint venture which owns eight industrial properties and a master lease with respect to another industrial property encompassing 4.4 million square feet, and was valued by KBS Capital Advisors using a discounted cash flow analysis of the expected distributions to us. The cash flow estimates used in the analysis were based on our participation interest in the estimated cash flows available after paying debt service through ultimate liquidation of the joint venture as described in the joint venture agreement. The cash flow estimates of the joint venture were reviewed by KBS Capital Advisors. As of September 30, 2017 , the carrying value and estimated fair value of our investment in this unconsolidated joint venture were $4.3 million and $4.7 million, respectively. The estimated value of our investment in this unconsolidated joint venture for purposes of our estimated value per share was calculated by applying an 8.5% discount rate to the estimated cash flows for a total value of $0.09 per share. Assuming all other factors remain unchanged, a decrease or increase in the discount rates of 25 basis points would have no impact on the estimated value per share. Additionally, a 5% decrease or increase in the discount rates would have no impact on the estimated value per share.

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Real Estate Equity Securities

The estimated value of our real estate equity securities is equal to the GAAP fair value disclosed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017 , which also equals the book value of the real estate equity securities in accordance with GAAP. The fair value of real estate equity securities was based on a quoted price in an active market on a major stock exchange. As of September 30, 2017 , the fair value and carrying value of our real estate equity securities was $47.0 million.

Real Estate Debt Securities

The estimated value of our real estate debt securities is equal to the GAAP fair value disclosed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017 , but does not equal the book value of the real estate debt securities in accordance with GAAP. The estimated value of our real estate debt securities was determined using an internal valuation model that considers the expected cash flows for the loans, underlying collateral values (for collateral dependent loans) and estimated yield requirements of institutional investors for real estate debt securities with similar characteristics, including remaining loan term, loan-to-value, type of collateral and other credit enhancements. As of September 30, 2017 , the fair value and carrying value of our real estate debt securities was $17.4 million and $17.6 million, respectively. The discount rate applied to the cash flow from the real estate debt securities, which have a remaining term of 2.1 years, was approximately 12.10%. Similar to the appraisals of our real estate properties, a change in the assumptions and inputs would change the fair value of our real estate debt securities and thus, could change our estimated NAV per share. Assuming all other factors remain unchanged, a decrease or increase in the discount rates of 25 basis points would have no impact on our estimated net asset value per share. Additionally, assuming all other factors remain unchanged, a 5% decrease or increase in the discount rates would have no impact on our estimated net asset value per share.

Notes Payable

The estimated values of our notes payable are equal to the GAAP fair values disclosed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017 , but do not equal the book value of the loans in accordance with GAAP. The estimated values of our notes payable were determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. The cash flows were based on the remaining loan terms, including extensions we expect to exercise, and on management’s estimates of current market interest rates for instruments with similar characteristics, including remaining loan term, loan-to-value ratio and type of collateral.

As of September 30, 2017 , the GAAP fair value and carrying value of our notes payable were $727.5 million and $722.7 million, respectively. The weighted-average discount rate applied to the future estimated debt payments, which have a weighted-average remaining term of 1.7 years, was approximately 3.82%. The table below illustrates the impact on our estimated value per share if the discount rates were adjusted by 25 basis points, and assuming all other factors remain unchanged, with respect to our notes payable. Additionally, the table below illustrates the impact on the estimated value per share if the discount rates were adjusted by 5% in accordance with the IPA guidance:



	Increase (Decrease) on the Estimated Value per Share due to
	Decrease of 25 basis points			Increase of 25 basis points		Decrease of 5%			Increase of 5%
Discount rates	$	(0.05	)	$	0.05	$	(0.04	)	$	0.04

Series A Debentures

Our Series A Debentures are publicly traded on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange. The estimated value of our Series A Debentures is based on the quoted bond price as of September 30, 2017 on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange of 105.2% of face value and foreign currency exchange rates as of September 30, 2017 . The decrease in estimated value per share attributable to our Series A Debentures is due to an increase in fair value of the Series A Debentures and the change in foreign exchange rate of the Israeli new Shekel. As of September 30, 2017 , the fair value and GAAP carrying value of our Series A debentures were $288.8 million and $267.6 million, respectively.

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Non-controlling Interest

We have an ownership interest in four consolidated joint ventures as of September 30, 2017 . As we consolidate these joint ventures, the entire amount of the underlying assets and liabilities are reflected at their fair values in the corresponding line items of the estimated value per share calculation. As a result, we also must consider the fair value of any non-controlling interest liability as of September 30, 2017 . In determining this fair value, we considered the various profit participation thresholds in each of the joint ventures that must be measured in determining the fair value of our non-controlling interest liability. We used the real estate appraisals provided by Duff & Phelps and Newmark and calculated the amount that the joint venture partners would receive in a hypothetical liquidation of the underlying real estate properties (including all current assets and liabilities) at their current appraised values and the payoff of any related debt at its fair value, based on the profit participation thresholds contained in the joint venture agreements. The estimated payment to the joint venture partners was then reflected as the non-controlling interest liability in our calculation of its estimated value per share.

Participation Fee Potential Liability Calculation

In accordance with the advisory agreement with KBS Capital Advisors, KBS Capital Advisors is entitled to receive a participation fee equal to 15.0% of our net cash flows, whether from continuing operations, net sale proceeds or otherwise, after our stockholders have received, together as a collective group, aggregate distributions (including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes) sufficient to provide (i) a return of their net invested capital, or the amount calculated by multiplying the total number of shares purchased by stockholders by the issue price, reduced by any amounts to repurchase shares pursuant to our share redemption program, and (ii) a 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return on such net invested capital. Net sales proceeds means the net cash proceeds realized by us after deduction of all expenses incurred in connection with a sale, including disposition fees paid to KBS Capital Advisors. The 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return on net invested capital is calculated on a daily basis. In making this calculation, the net invested capital is reduced to the extent distributions in excess of a cumulative, noncompounded, annual return of 7.0% are paid (from whatever source), except to the extent such distributions would be required to supplement prior distributions paid in order to achieve a cumulative, noncompounded, annual return of 7.0% (invested capital is only reduced as described in this sentence; it is not reduced simply because a distribution constitutes a return of capital for federal income tax purposes). The 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return is not based on the return provided to any individual stockholder. Accordingly, it is not necessary for each of our stockholders to have received any minimum return in order for KBS Capital Advisors to participate in our net cash flows. In fact, if KBS Capital Advisors is entitled to participate in our net cash flows, the returns of our stockholders will differ, and some may be less than a 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return. This fee is payable only if we are not listed on an exchange. For purposes of determining the estimated value per share, KBS Capital Advisors calculated the potential liability related to this incentive fee based on a hypothetical liquidation of the assets and liabilities at their estimated fair values, after considering the impact of any potential closing costs and fees related to the disposition of real estate properties. KBS Capital Advisors estimated the fair value of this liability to be $28.4 million or $0.54 per share as of the valuation date, and included the impact of this liability in its calculation of our estimated value per share.

Other Assets and Liabilities

The carrying values of a majority of our other assets and liabilities are considered to equal their fair value due to their short maturities or liquid nature. Certain balances, such as straight-line rent receivables, lease intangible assets and liabilities, accrued capital expenditures, capital expenditures payable, deferred financing costs, unamortized lease commissions and unamortized lease incentives, have been eliminated for the purpose of the valuation due to the fact that the value of those balances were already considered in the valuation of the related asset or liability. KBS Capital Advisors has also excluded redeemable common stock as temporary equity does not represent a true liability to us and the shares that this amount represents are included in our total outstanding shares of common stock for purposes of calculating the estimated value per share of our common stock.

Different parties using different assumptions and estimates could derive a different estimated value per share, and these differences could be significant. The value of our shares will fluctuate over time in response to developments related to individual assets in our portfolio and the management of those assets and in response to the real estate and finance markets.

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Limitations of Estimated Value Per Share

As mentioned above, we are providing this estimated value per share to assist broker dealers that participated in our initial public offering in meeting their customer account statement reporting obligations. This valuation was performed in accordance with the provisions of and also to comply with IPA valuation guidelines. The estimated value per share set forth above first appeared on the December 31, 2017 customer account statements that were mailed in January 2018. As with any valuation methodology, the methodologies used are based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. Different parties with different assumptions and estimates could derive a different estimated value per share. The estimated value per share is not audited and does not represent the fair value of our assets less the fair value of our liabilities according to GAAP.

Accordingly, with respect to the estimated value per share, we can give no assurance that:


•	a stockholder would be able to resell his or her shares at this estimated value per share;


•	a stockholder would ultimately realize distributions per share equal to our estimated value per share upon liquidation of our assets and settlement of our liabilities or a sale of the company;


•	our shares of common stock would trade at the estimated value per share on a national securities exchange;


•	an independent third-party appraiser or other third-party valuation firm would agree with our estimated value per share; or


•	the methodology used to calculate our estimated value per share would be acceptable to FINRA or for compliance with ERISA reporting requirements.

Further, the estimated value per share as of December 7, 2017 is based on the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities divided by the number of shares outstanding, all as of September 30, 2017 , after giving effect to the Special Dividend and the results of the Self-Tender. The value of our shares will fluctuate over time in response to developments related to individual assets in our portfolio and the management of those assets and in response to the real estate and finance markets. The estimated value per share does not reflect a discount for the fact that we are externally managed, nor does it reflect a real estate portfolio premium/discount versus the sum of the individual property values. The estimated value per share does not take into account estimated disposition costs and fees for real estate properties that are not held for sale or under contract for sale, debt prepayment penalties that could apply upon the prepayment of certain of our debt obligations or the impact of restrictions on the assumption of debt. The estimated value per share does consider any participation or incentive fees that would be due to KBS Capital Advisors based on the aggregate net asset value of us which would be payable in a hypothetical liquidation of us as of the valuation date in accordance with the terms of our advisory agreement. We currently expect to utilize KBS Capital Advisors and/or an independent valuation firm to update the estimated value per share no later than December 2018 .

Historical Estimated Values per Share

The historical reported estimated values per share of our common stock approved by the board of directors are set forth below:



Estimated Value per Share	Effective Date of Valuation	Filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission
$14.81	December 8, 2016	Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 15, 2016
$13.44	December 8, 2015	Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 10, 2015
$12.24	December 9, 2014	Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 11, 2014
$11.27	March 25, 2014	Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 27, 2014

Distribution Information

We declare distributions when our board of directors determines we have sufficient cash flow from operations, investment activities and/or strategic financings. We expect to fund distributions from interest and rental income on investments, the maturity, payoff or settlement of those investments and from strategic sales of loans, debt securities, properties and other assets.

As a REIT, we will generally have to hold our assets for two years in order to meet the safe harbor to avoid a 100% prohibited transactions tax, unless such assets are held through a TRS or other taxable corporation. In certain instances, we may sell properties outside of the safe harbor period and still be exempt from the 100% prohibited transaction tax because such properties were not held as “inventory.” Our board of directors intends to declare distributions quarterly based on cash flow from our investments. Our board of directors may also declare distributions to the extent we have asset sales or receipt of principal payments on our real estate-related investment.

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To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make aggregate annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). If we meet the REIT qualification requirements, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the income that we distribute to our stockholders each year. In general, we anticipate making distributions to our stockholders of at least 100% of our REIT taxable income so that none of our income is subject to federal income tax. Our board of directors may authorize distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.

Our distribution policy is not to pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, investment activities and strategic financings. However, our organizational documents do not restrict us from paying distributions from any source and do not restrict the amount of distributions we may pay from any source, including proceeds from the issuance of securities, third-party borrowings, advances from our advisor or sponsors or from our advisor’s deferral of its fees under the advisory agreement. Distributions paid from sources other than current or accumulated earnings and profits may constitute a return of capital. From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our taxable income for financial reporting purposes, or our taxable income may be greater than our cash flow available for distribution to stockholders. In these situations we may make distributions in excess of our cash flow from operations, investment activities and strategic financings to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement described above. In such an event, we would look first to other third party borrowings to fund these distributions.

We have not established a minimum distribution level, and our charter does not require that we make distributions to our stockholders. Distributions declared during 2017 and 2016 , aggregated by quarter, are as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):



	2017
	1st Quarter			2nd Quarter			3rd Quarter			4th Quarter ⁽¹⁾			Total
Total Distributions Declared	$	5,247		$	5,298		$	5,350		$	187,914		$	203,809
Total Per Share Distribution	$	0.092		$	0.093		$	0.095		$	3.610		$	3.890
Rate Based on Initial Public Offering Purchase Price of $10.00 Per Share	0.92		%	0.93		%	0.95		%	⁽¹⁾			⁽¹⁾
	2016
	1st Quarter			2nd Quarter			3rd Quarter			4th Quarter			Total
Total Distributions Declared	$	5,472		$	5,469		$	5,527		$	5,376		$	21,844
Total Per Share Distribution	$	0.093		$	0.093		$	0.094		$	0.095		$	0.375
Rate Based on Initial Public Offering Purchase Price of $10.00 Per Share	0.93		%	0.93		%	0.94		%	0.95		%	3.75		%

_____________________

⁽¹⁾ The only distribution declared during the fourth quarter of 2017 was the Special Dividend. See “Special Dividend” below.

The tax composition of our distributions paid during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was as follows:



	2017		2016
Ordinary Income	—	%	—	%
Return of Capital	5	%	—	%
Capital Gain	95	%	100	%
Total	100	%	100	%

For more information with respect to our distributions paid, see Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Distributions.”

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Special Dividend

As described above, on December 7, 2017 , our board of directors authorized a Special Dividend of $3.61 per share of common stock payable in either shares of our common stock or cash to, and at the election of, the stockholders of record as of December 7, 2017 (the “Record Date”). The Special Dividend was paid in January 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on the Record Date. If stockholders elected all cash, their election was subject to adjustment such that the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed by us will be a maximum of 20% of the total Special Dividend (the “Maximum Cash Distribution”), with the remainder to be paid in shares of common stock. The aggregate amount of cash paid by us pursuant to the Special Dividend and the actual number of shares of common stock issued pursuant to the Special Dividend depended upon the number of stockholders who elected cash or stock and whether the Maximum Cash Distribution was met.

In order to ensure that we maintain our status as a REIT, we must distribute at least 90% of our “real estate investment trust taxable income” each year, and distribute all of our “real estate investment trust taxable income” and “net capital gain” in order to avoid corporate level tax. The proceeds from the sale of the Singapore Portfolio will be part of such taxable income and/or net capital gain. Our board of directors approved the Special Dividend as a consequence of our sale of the Singapore Portfolio in order to ensure compliance with the REIT distribution requirements. The Special Dividend payment, including both cash and stock portions, will generally be taxed as a capital gain distribution to stockholders due to the large amount of capital gain that was generated from the sale of the Singapore Portfolio. The tax due on such dividend may exceed the amount of cash, if any, distributed to stockholders as part of the Special Dividend. Stockholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of the Special Dividend in light of his or her particular investment or tax circumstances.

Stockholders had the right to elect, on or prior to December 29, 2017 (the “Election Deadline”), to be paid their pro rata portion of the Special Dividend all in common stock (a “Share Election”) or all in cash (a “Cash Election”); provided, however, that the total amount of cash payable to all stockholders in the Special Dividend was subject to the Maximum Cash Distribution, as described above, with the balance of the Special Dividend payable in the form of common stock. Stockholders failing to timely return a properly completed election form before the Election Deadline were deemed to have made a Cash Election (“Default Elections”). If the aggregate amount of stockholder Cash Elections and Default Elections exceeded the Maximum Cash Distribution, then the payment of cash was made on a pro rata basis to such stockholders such that the aggregate amount paid in cash to all stockholders equaled the Maximum Cash Distribution. The Special Dividend was paid on January 17, 2018 . We paid $37.6 million (20%) in cash and issued $150.3 million (80%) in stock pursuant to the Special Dividend.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we did not sell any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Share Redemption Program

We have adopted a share redemption program that may enable stockholders to sell their shares to us in limited circumstances.

Pursuant to the share redemption program there are several limitations on our ability to redeem shares:


•	Unless the shares are being redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence” (each as defined under the share redemption program), we may not redeem shares until the stockholder has held the shares for one year.


•	During any calendar year, we may redeem no more than 5% of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the prior calendar year.


•	We have no obligation to redeem shares if the redemption would violate the restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, which prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency.

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•

We may not redeem more than $3.0 million of shares in a given quarter (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”). To the extent that we redeem less than $3.0 million of shares (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”) in a given fiscal quarter, any remaining excess capacity to redeem shares in such fiscal quarter will be added to our capacity to otherwise redeem shares (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”) during succeeding fiscal quarters. The last $1.0 million of net proceeds from the dividend reinvestment plan during the prior year is reserved exclusively for shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability,” or “determination of incompetence” with any excess funds being available to redeem shares not requested in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability or “determination of incompetence” during the December redemption date in the current year. We may increase or decrease this limit upon ten business days’ notice to stockholders. Our board of directors may approve an increase in this limit to the extent that we have received proceeds from asset sales or the refinancing of debt or for any other reason deemed appropriate by the board of directors.

We may amend, suspend or terminate the program upon 10 business days’ notice to our stockholders. We may provide notice to our stockholders by including such information in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC, or by a separate mailing to our stockholders.

On September 14, 2017 , we commenced the Self-Tender for up to 3,553,660 shares of common stock at a price of $14.07 per share, or approximately $50.0 million of shares. On October 18, 2017 , we increased the number of shares accepted for payment in the Self-Tender by up to 1,135,912 shares at a price of $14.07 per share, or approximately $16.0 million of shares. On October 23, 2017 , we accepted for purchase 4,686,503 shares for an aggregate cost of $65.9 million , excluding fees and expenses related to the Self-Tender.

Because of the Self-Tender, the share redemption program was suspended from September 29, 2017 through October 31, 2017 , meaning no redemptions were made in September or October (including those requested following a stockholder’s death, qualifying disability or determination of incompetence). We cancelled all outstanding redemption requests under the share redemption program as of the commencement of the Self-Tender and were not accepting any redemption requests under the share redemption program during the term of the Self-Tender.

Generally, we redeem all shares in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence” on the last business day of each month and redeems all other shares on the last business day of the quarter. However, as a result of the issuance of shares as a result of the Special Dividend paid in January 2018, our board of directors delayed the processing of redemptions that would otherwise occur on the last business day of December 2017 under the share redemption program until the last business day of January 2018. Any submission or withdrawal deadlines associated with such delayed redemptions were moved to their corresponding dates in January 2018. For purposes of all the volume and funding limitations under the share redemption program, such delayed redemptions and any other redemption requests received and processed in January are deemed to have occurred in December 2017 rather than January 2018.

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During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we fulfilled redemption requests eligible for redemption under our share redemption program and received in good order and funded redemptions under our share redemption program with the net proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan and cash on hand. We redeemed shares pursuant to our share redemption program as follows:



Month	Total Number of Shares Redeemed	Average Price Paid Per Share ⁽¹⁾		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Available That May Yet Be Redeemed Under the Program
January 2017	24,963	$	14.81	⁽²⁾
February 2017	1,500	$	14.81	⁽²⁾
March 2017	227,362	$	14.12	⁽²⁾
April 2017	33,319	$	14.81	⁽²⁾
May 2017	8,213	$	14.81	⁽²⁾
June 2017	222,798	$	14.10	⁽²⁾
July 2017	8,811	$	14.81	⁽²⁾
August 2017	27,516	$	14.81	⁽²⁾
September 2017	—	$	—	⁽²⁾
October 2017	—	$	—	⁽²⁾
November 2017	18,407	$	14.81	⁽²⁾
December 2017	—	$	—	⁽²⁾
Total	572,889

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⁽¹⁾ On December 8, 2016, our board of directors adopted a tenth amended and restated share redemption program (the “Tenth Amended Share Redemption Program”). Pursuant to the Tenth Amended Share Redemption Program, except for redemptions made upon a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence,” the price at which we will redeem shares is 95% of our most recent estimated value per share as of the applicable redemption date. The Tenth Amended Share Redemption Program was effective on December 30, 2016. The Tenth Amended Share Redemption Program was suspended from September 29, 2017 through October 31, 2017, meaning no redemptions were made in September or October (including those requested following a stockholder’s death, qualifying disability or determination of incompetence). We cancelled all outstanding redemption requests under the share redemption program as of the commencement of the Self-Tender and were not accepting any redemption requests under the share redemption program during the term of the Self-Tender.

On December 7, 2017 , our board of directors approved an estimated value per share of our common stock of $11.50 . The change in the redemption price became effective for the January 2018 redemption date and is effective until the estimated value per share is updated. We expect to update our estimated value per share no later than December 2018. As a result of the Special Dividend paid in January 2018 , our board of directors delayed the processing of redemptions that would otherwise occur on the last business day of December 2017 under the share redemption program until the last business day of January 2018. Any submission or withdrawal deadlines associated with such delayed redemptions were moved to their corresponding dates in January 2018. For purposes of all the volume and funding limitations under the share redemption program, such delayed redemptions and any other redemption requests received and processed in January are deemed to have occurred in December 2017 rather than January 2018.

⁽²⁾ We limit the dollar value of shares that may be redeemed under the program as described above. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we redeemed $8.2 million of common stock under the program, which represented all redemption requests received in good order and eligible for redemption through the December 2017 redemption date, except for the $8.6 million of shares in connection with redemption requests not made upon a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence,” which redemption requests will be fulfilled subject to the limitations described above, of which $4.4 million relates to delayed December 2017 redemptions processed in January 2018. Based on the amount of net proceeds raised from the sale of shares under the dividend reinvestment plan during 2017 , we have $8.7 million available for redemptions during 2018 , subject to the limitations described above.

In addition to the redemptions under the share redemption program described above, during the year ended December 31, 2017 , we repurchased an additional 47,750 shares of our common stock at $14.07 per share for an aggregate price of $0.7 million .

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ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , 2015 , 2014 and 2013 should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”:



	As of December 31,
	2017			2016			2015			2014			2013
Balance sheet data
Total real estate and real estate-related investments, net	$	640,681		$	1,111,714		$	850,364		$	882,510		$	660,385
Total assets	1,101,574			1,310,116			1,004,214			1,016,313			771,184
Total notes and bonds payable, net	603,043			950,624			547,323			524,062			252,466
Total liabilities	836,073			1,014,566			585,565			556,266			278,925
Redeemable common stock	4,518			—			9,859			9,911			17,573
Total equity	260,983			295,550			408,790			450,136			474,686
	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015			2014			2013
Operating data
Total revenues	$	140,714		$	134,244		$	112,128		$	106,154		$	68,496
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	210,644			(28,918		)	2,444			(23,194		)	150
Income (loss) from continuing operations per common share - basic and diluted	$	3.77		$	(0.50	)	$	0.04		$	(0.39	)	$	—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	210,644			(28,918		)	2,444			(23,194		)	11,493
Net income (loss) per common share - basic and diluted	$	3.77		$	(0.50	)	$	0.04		$	(0.39	)	$	0.20
Other data
Cash flows provided by operating activities	$	13,432		$	26,656		$	25,855		$	12,285		$	23,518
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities	673,323			(306,495		)	6,758			(285,795		)	(287,755		)
Cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities	(374,634		)	311,875			(25,083		)	235,461			197,281
Distributions declared	$	203,809		$	21,844		$	22,280		$	15,696		$	25,679
Distributions declared per common share ⁽¹⁾	3.89			0.38			0.38			0.26			0.44
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	55,829,708			58,273,335			59,656,667			59,714,540			58,359,568

_____________________

⁽¹⁾ Prior to 2014, our board of directors declared distributions from time to time based on our income, cash flow and investing and financing activities. During 2014, 2015, 2016, and the first, second and third quarters of 2017, our board of directors declared distributions on a quarterly basis based on our income, cash flow and investing and financing activities. Investors could choose to receive cash distributions or purchase additional shares under the dividend reinvestment plan. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Special Dividend was declared based on the sale of the Singapore Portfolio.


ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the “Selected Financial Data” above and our accompanying consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. Also, see “Forward-Looking Statements” preceding Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

We were formed on October 8, 2008 as a Maryland corporation, elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2010 and intend to operate in such manner. We have sought to invest in and manage a diverse portfolio of real estate‑related loans, opportunistic real estate, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments. We conduct our business primarily through our Operating Partnership, of which we are the sole general partner. Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, our business is managed by KBS Capital Advisors, our external advisor, pursuant to an advisory agreement. KBS Capital Advisors conducts our operations and manages our portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments. We have no paid employees.

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On January 8, 2009, we filed a registration statement on Form S‑11 with the SEC to offer a minimum of 250,000 shares and a maximum of 140,000,000 shares of common stock for sale to the public, of which 100,000,000 shares were registered in our primary offering and 40,000,000 shares were registered under our dividend reinvestment plan. We ceased offering shares of common stock in our primary offering on November 14, 2012. We sold 56,584,976 shares of common stock in the primary offering for gross offering proceeds of $561.7 million . We continue to offer shares of common stock under the dividend reinvestment plan. As of December 31, 2017 , we had sold 6,620,362 shares of common stock under the dividend reinvestment plan for gross offering proceeds of $74.0 million . Also as of December 31, 2017 , we had redeemed 11,447,764 of the shares sold in our offering for $151.8 million . Additionally, on December 29, 2011 and October 23, 2012, we issued 220,994 shares and 55,249 shares of common stock, respectively, for $2.0 million and $0.5 million , respectively, in private transactions exempt from the registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On March 2, 2016 , KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI, our wholly owned subsidiary, filed a final prospectus with the Israel Securities Authority for a proposed offering of up to 1,000,000,000 Israeli new Shekels of the Debentures at an annual interest rate not to exceed 4.25% . On March 1, 2016 , KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the institutional tender of the Debentures and accepted application for 842.5 million Israeli new Shekels. On March 7, 2016 , KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the public tender of the Debentures and accepted 127.7 million Israeli new Shekels. In the aggregate, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI accepted 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $249.2 million as of March 8, 2016 ) in both the institutional and public tenders at an annual interest rate of 4.25% . KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI issued the Debentures on March 8, 2016 . The terms of the Debentures require principal installment payments equal to 20% of the face value of the Debentures on March 1st of each year from 2019 to 2023 .

Market Outlook ─ Real Estate and Real Estate Finance Markets

Volatility in global financial markets and changing political environments can cause fluctuations in the performance of the U.S. commercial real estate markets. Possible future declines in rental rates, slower or potentially negative net absorption of leased space and expectations of future rental concessions, including free rent to renew tenants early, to retain tenants who are up for renewal or to attract new tenants, may result in decreases in cash flows from investment properties. Increases in the cost of financing due to higher interest rates may cause difficulty in refinancing debt obligations prior to or at maturity or at terms as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness. Market conditions can change quickly, potentially negatively impacting the value of real estate investments. Management continuously reviews our investment and debt financing strategies to optimize our portfolio and the cost of our debt exposure.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal demand for funds during the short and long-term is and will be for the acquisition of real estate and real estate-related investments, payment of operating expenses, capital expenditures and general and administrative expenses, payments under debt obligations, redemptions and purchases of our common stock and payments of distributions to stockholders. To date, we have had six primary sources of capital for meeting our cash requirements:


•	Proceeds from the primary portion of our initial public offering;


•	Proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan;


•	Proceeds from our public bond offering in Israel;


•	Debt financing;


•	Proceeds from the sale of real estate and the repayment of real estate-related investments; and


•	Cash flow generated by our real estate and real estate-related investments.

We sold 56,584,976 shares of common stock in the primary portion of our initial public offering for gross offering proceeds of $561.7 million . We ceased offering shares in the primary portion of our initial public offering on November 14, 2012. We continue to offer shares of common stock under the dividend reinvestment plan. As of December 31, 2017 , we had sold 6,620,362 shares of common stock under the dividend reinvestment plan for gross offering proceeds of $74.0 million . To date, we have invested all of the net proceeds from our initial public offering in real estate and real estate-related investments. We intend to use our cash on hand, proceeds from asset sales, proceeds from debt financing, cash flow generated by our real estate operations and real estate-related investments and proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan as our primary sources of immediate and long-term liquidity.

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Our investments in real estate generate cash flow in the form of rental revenues and tenant reimbursements, which are reduced by operating expenditures and corporate general and administrative expenses. Cash flow from operations from our real estate investments is primarily dependent upon the occupancy levels of our properties, the net effective rental rates on our leases, the collectibility of rent and operating recoveries from our tenants and how well we manage our expenditures. As of December 31, 2017 , our properties, excluding apartment properties, were collectively 76% occupied and our apartment properties were collectively 96% occupied.

Investments in real estate debt securities generate cash flow in the form of interest income, which are reduced by loan service fees, asset management fees and corporate general and administrative expenses. Investments in real estate equity securities generate cash flow in the form of dividend income, which is reduced by asset management fees. As of December 31, 2017 , we had an investment in real estate debt securities outstanding with a total book value of $17.8 million and investments in real estate equity securities outstanding with a total book value of $90.1 million .

Under our charter, we are required to limit our total operating expenses to the greater of 2% of our average invested assets or 25% of our net income for the four most recently completed fiscal quarters, as these terms are defined in our charter, unless the conflicts committee of our board of directors has determined that such excess expenses were justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. Operating expense reimbursements for the four fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2017 did not exceed the charter-imposed limitation.

For the year ended December 31, 2017 , our cash needs for capital expenditures, redemptions of common stock and debt servicing were met with proceeds from debt financing, proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan and cash on hand. Operating cash needs during the same period were met through cash flow generated by our real estate and real estate-related investments and cash on hand. As of December 31, 2017 , we had outstanding debt obligations in the aggregate principal amount of $611.7 million , with a weighted-average remaining term of 3.8 years. As of December 31, 2017 , we had a total of $116.3 million of debt obligations scheduled to mature within 12 months of that date. We plan to exercise our extension options available under our loan agreements or pay down or refinance the related notes payable prior to their maturity dates.

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT and intend to operate as a REIT. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to make aggregate annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain). Our board of directors may authorize distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. We have not established a minimum distribution level.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

As of December 31, 2017 , we consolidated four office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings, one retail property, two apartment properties, three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,100 developable acres, and owned three investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, an investment in real estate debt securities and two investments in real estate equity securities. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , net cash provided by operating activities was $13.4 million . We expect our cash flows from operating activities to decrease as a result of the sale of the Singapore Portfolio, but to increase over time as a result of leasing additional space that is currently unoccupied and anticipated future acquisitions of real estate and real estate-related investments. However, our cash flows from operating activities may decrease to the extent that we dispose of additional assets.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $673.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and primarily consisted of the following:


•	Proceeds from the sale of 12 office properties, a 45% interest in another office property and 102 acres of undeveloped land of $872.1 million ;


•	Acquisitions of two office properties for $165.5 million ;


•	Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures of $59.8 million , of which $58.2 million relates to the 110 William Joint Venture and $1.6 million relates to the NIP Joint Venture;


•	Investment in real estate equity securities of $43.3 million ;


•	Improvements to real estate of $41.2 million ;


•	Investment in real estate debt securities for $12.5 million ;


•	Proceeds from disposition of foreign currency collars of $6.6 million ;


•	Purchase of a foreign currency option for $3.4 million ;


•	Proceeds for future development obligations of $1.4 million ;

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•	Funding of development obligations of $1.2 million ;


•	Insurance proceeds for property damages of $0.7 million ; and


•	Purchase of an interest rate cap for $0.1 million .

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $374.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and consisted primarily of the following:


•	$292.3 million of net cash used in debt and other financings as a result of principal payments on notes and bonds payable of $477.1 million and payments of deferred financing costs of $2.4 million , partially offset by proceeds from notes payable of $187.2 million ;


•	$74.8 million of cash used for redemptions of common stock, of which $65.9 million relates to cash used to purchase shares pursuant to the Self-Tender;


•	$7.2 million of net cash distributions to stockholders, after giving effect to distributions reinvested by stockholders of $8.7 million ;


•	$0.5 million of offering costs paid in connection with a potential offering; and


•	$0.1 million of net contributions from noncontrolling interests.

In order to execute our investment strategy, we utilize secured debt and we may, to the extent available, utilize unsecured debt, to finance a portion of our investment portfolio. Management remains vigilant in monitoring the risks inherent with the use of debt in our portfolio and is taking actions to ensure that these risks, including refinancing and interest risks, are properly balanced with the benefit of using leverage. There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow for any single investment. Our charter limits our total liabilities such that our total liabilities may not exceed 75% of the cost of our tangible assets; however, we may exceed that limit if a majority of the conflicts committee approves each borrowing in excess of our charter limitation and we disclose such borrowing to our common stockholders in our next quarterly report with an explanation from the conflicts committee of the justification for the excess borrowing. As of December 31, 2017 , our borrowings and other liabilities were approximately 62% and 61% of the cost (before depreciation and other noncash reserves) and book value (before depreciation) of our tangible assets, respectively.

In addition to making investments in accordance with our investment objectives, we use or have used our capital resources to make certain payments to our advisor and our dealer manager. During our offering stage, these payments included payments to our dealer manager for selling commissions and dealer manager fees related to sales in our primary offering and payments to our dealer manager and our advisor for reimbursement of certain organization and other offering expenses related both to the primary offering and the dividend reinvestment plan. During our acquisition and development stage, we expect to continue to make payments to our advisor in connection with the selection and origination or purchase of investments, the management of our assets and costs incurred by our advisor in providing services to us as well as for any dispositions of assets (including the discounted payoff of non-performing loans). In addition, an affiliate of our advisor, KBS Management Group, was formed to provide property management services with respect to certain properties owned by KBS-advised companies. In the future, we may engage KBS Management Group with respect to one or more of our properties to provide property management services. With respect to any such properties, we would expect to pay KBS Management Group a monthly fee equal to a percentage of the rent (to be determined on a property by property basis, consistent with current market rates).

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The advisory agreement has a one-year term but may be renewed for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods upon the mutual consent of our advisor and our conflicts committee.

Among the fees payable to our advisor is an asset management fee. With respect to investments in loans and any investments other than real property, the asset management fee is a monthly fee calculated, each month, as one-twelfth of 0.75% of the lesser of (i) the amount actually paid or allocated to acquire or fund the loan or other investment, inclusive of fees and expenses related thereto and the amount of any debt associated with or used to acquire or fund such investment and (ii) the outstanding principal amount of such loan or other investment, plus the fees and expenses related to the acquisition or funding of such investment, as of the time of calculation. With respect to investments in real property, the asset management fee is a monthly fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.75% of the sum of the amount paid or allocated to acquire the investment, plus the cost of any subsequent development, construction or improvements to the property, and inclusive of fees and expenses related thereto and the amount of any debt associated with or used to acquire such investment. In the case of investments made through joint ventures, the asset management fee will be determined based on our proportionate share of the underlying investment, inclusive of our proportionate share of any fees and expenses related thereto.

Contractual Commitments and Contingencies

The following is a summary of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):



			Payments Due During the Years Ending December 31,
Contractual Obligations	Total		2018		2019-2020		2021-2022		Thereafter
Outstanding debt obligations ⁽¹⁾	$	611,694	$	117,537	$	248,423	$	184,564	$	61,170
Interest payments on outstanding debt obligations ⁽²⁾	68,779		22,650		30,134		12,838		3,157

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⁽¹⁾ Amounts include principal payments only.

⁽²⁾ Projected interest payments are based on the outstanding principal amounts, maturity dates, foreign currency rates and interest rates in effect at December 31, 2017 . We incurred interest expense of $34.9 million excluding amortization of deferred financing costs of $4.4 million and unrealized losses on interest rate caps of $0.1 million and including interest capitalized of $2.3 million , for the year ended December 31, 2017 .

Results of Operations

Overview

As of December 31, 2016 , we owned 11 office properties, one office campus consisting of nine office buildings, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 25 acres of undeveloped land, one office portfolio consisting of three office properties, one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings, one retail property, two apartment properties, two investments in undeveloped land encompassing an aggregate of 1,670 acres, two investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and an investment in real estate debt securities. As of December 31, 2017 , we owned four office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings, one retail property, two apartment properties, three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,100 developable acres, three investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, an investment in real estate debt securities and two investments in real estate equity securities. Our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 may not be indicative of those in future periods due to acquisition and disposition activities. Additionally, the occupancy in our properties has not been stabilized. As of December 31, 2017 , our office and retail properties were collectively 76% occupied and our apartment properties were collectively 96% occupied. However, due to the short outstanding weighted-average lease term in the portfolio of approximately four years, we do not put significant emphasis on annual changes in occupancy (positive or negative) in the short run. Our underwriting and valuations are generally more sensitive to “terminal values” that may be realized upon the disposition of the assets in the portfolio and less sensitive to ongoing cash flows generated by the portfolio in the years leading up to an eventual sale. There are no guarantees that occupancies of our assets will increase, or that we will recognize a gain on the sale of our assets. In general, we expect that our income and expenses related to our portfolio will increase in future periods as a result of leasing additional space and acquiring additional assets but decrease due to disposition activity.

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Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2017 versus the year ended December 31, 2016



	For the Years Ended December 31,						Increase (Decrease)			Percentage Change		$ Change Due to Acquisitions/ Originations/Dispositions ⁽¹⁾			$ Change Due to Investments Held Throughout Both Periods ⁽²⁾
	2017			2016			Increase (Decrease)			Percentage Change		$ Change Due to Acquisitions/ Originations/Dispositions ⁽¹⁾
Rental income	$	110,690		$	106,330		$	4,360		4	%	$	4,091		$	269
Tenant reimbursements	21,710			20,762			948			5	%	1,353			(405		)
Other operating income	4,001			3,387			614			18	%	172			442
Interest income from real estate debt securities	1,782			110			1,672			1,520	%	1,672			—
Dividend income from real estate equity securities	2,531			—			2,531			n/a		2,531			—
Interest income from real estate loan receivable	—			3,655			(3,655		)	n/a		(3,655		)	—
Operating, maintenance, and management costs	42,611			41,906			705			2	%	1,724			(1,019		)
Real estate taxes and insurance	17,404			16,887			517			3	%	675			(158		)
Asset management fees to affiliate	10,686			9,628			1,058			11	%	971			87
Real estate acquisition fees to affiliate	—			2,964			(2,964		)	n/a		(2,964		)	—
Real estate acquisition fees and expenses	—			543			(543		)	n/a		(543		)	—
General and administrative expenses	6,138			5,781			357			6	%	n/a			n/a
Foreign currency transaction loss , net	15,298			2,997			12,301			410	%	n/a			n/a
Depreciation and amortization	53,446			52,051			1,395			3	%	1,829			(434		)
Interest expense	37,149			29,249			7,900			27	%	n/a			n/a
Income from unconsolidated joint venture	2,073			—			2,073			n/a		—			2,073
Other interest income	1,105			44			1,061			2,411	%	n/a			n/a
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures	(6,037		)	(1,408		)	(4,629		)	329	%	(823		)	(3,806		)
Gain on sale of real estate	255,935			—			255,935			n/a		255,935			—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(478		)	—			(478		)	n/a		(478		)	—

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⁽¹⁾ Represents the dollar amount increase (decrease) for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 related to real estate and real estate related investments acquired, repaid or disposed on or after January 1, 2016 .

⁽²⁾ Represents the dollar amount increase (decrease) for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 with respect to real estate and real estate-related investments owned by us during the entirety of both periods presented.

Rental income and tenant reimbursements increased from $106.3 million and $20.8 million , respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $110.7 million and $21.7 million , respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2017 , primarily as a result of real estate acquired in 2017 , an increase in annualized base rent per square foot related to our properties held throughout both periods and an increase in occupancy related to our apartment properties held throughout both periods, partially offset by a decrease in occupancy related to our office and retail properties held throughout both periods and dispositions of real estate properties. Annualized base rent per square foot increased from $19.82 as of December 31, 2016 to $21.11 as of December 31, 2017 related to properties (excluding apartments) held throughout both periods. The occupancy of our apartment properties, collectively, held throughout both periods increased from 86% as of December 31, 2016 to 96% as of December 31, 2017 . The occupancy of our office and retail properties, collectively, held throughout both periods decreased from 78% as of December 31, 2016 to 74% as of December 31, 2017 . We expect rental income and tenant reimbursements to decrease in future periods as a result of the sale of the Singapore Portfolio and 50 Congress Street, but to increase over time to the extent we acquire additional properties.

Other operating income increased from $3.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 to $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . We expect other operating income to decrease in future periods as a result of the sale of the Singapore Portfolio and 50 Congress Street, but to increase in future periods based on occupancy rates and parking rates and to the extent we acquire additional properties.

Interest income from real estate debt securities increased from $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as a result of additional real estate debt securities acquired. We expect interest income from real estate debt securities to increase in future periods as a result of owning the real estate debt securities acquired in 2017 for an entire period.

Dividend income from real estate equity securities was $2.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 . During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we purchased 3,603,189 shares of common stock of Whitestone REIT and acquired 43,999,500 common units of Keppel-KBS US REIT. We expect dividend income from real estate equity securities to increase in future periods as a result of owning the real estate equity securities acquired in 2017 for an entire period.

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Interest income from our real estate loan receivable, recognized using the interest method, decreased from $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $0 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as a result of the recognition and collection of default interest in connection with the assignment of our real estate loan receivable on April 22, 2016.

Property operating costs and real estate taxes and insurance increased from $41.9 million and $16.9 million , respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $42.6 million and $17.4 million , respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2017 , primarily as a result of real estate acquired in 2017 , increases in assessed property values and inflation, partially offset by dispositions. We expect property operating costs and real estate taxes and insurance to decrease in future periods as a result of the sale of the Singapore Portfolio and 50 Congress Street, but to increase over time to the extent we acquire additional properties.

Asset management fees increased from $ 9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $ 10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , primarily as a result of real estate acquired in 2017 . We expect asset management fees to decrease in future periods as a result of the sale of the Singapore Portfolio and 50 Congress Street, but to increase over time to the extent we acquire additional properties. All asset management fees incurred as of December 31, 2017 have been paid.

Real estate acquisition fees and expenses to affiliates and non-affiliates were $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 . During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we did not acquire any investments accounted for as a business combination. We adopted ASU No. 2017-01 for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2017. As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2017-01, our acquisitions of real estate properties beginning January 1, 2017 qualified as asset acquisitions as opposed to business combinations. Transaction costs associated with asset acquisitions are capitalized, while transaction costs associated with business combinations will continue to be expensed. We do not expect to incur any significant real estate acquisition fees and expenses in future periods.

General and administrative expenses increased from $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , primarily due to increased legal expenses incurred to evaluate certain strategic transactions. We expect general and administrative expenses to fluctuate based on our legal expenses and investment and disposition activity.

We recognized $3.0 million of foreign currency transaction loss, net, for the year ended December 31, 2016 and $15.3 million of foreign currency transaction loss, net, for the year ended December 31, 2017 related to the issuance of Series A debentures in Israel. These debentures are denominated in Israeli new Shekels and we expect to recognize foreign transaction gains and losses based on changes in foreign currency exchange rates, but expect our exposure to be limited to the extent that we have entered into foreign currency options and foreign currency collars. As of December 31, 2017 , we had entered into one foreign currency option, a USD put/ILS call option, to hedge against a change in the exchange rate of the Israeli new Shekel versus the U.S. Dollar. The foreign currency option expires in August 2018 and has an aggregate U.S. Dollar notional amount of $285.4 million . For the year ended December 31, 2017 , the foreign currency transaction loss, net, consists of a $11.3 million gain related to the foreign currency option and terminated foreign currency collars, which is shown net against $26.6 million of foreign currency transaction loss.

Depreciation and amortization increased from $ 52.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $ 53.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , primarily as a result of real estate acquired in 2017 , partially offset by a decrease related to properties held throughout both periods as a result of amortization of tenant origination costs related to lease expirations and dispositions. We expect depreciation and amortization to decrease in future periods as a result of the sale of the Singapore Portfolio and 50 Congress Street, but to increase over time to the extent we acquire more properties.

Interest expense increased from $ 29.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $ 37.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , primarily due to increased borrowings throughout the year as a result of our bond offering and acquisition activity, partially offset by the paydown of debt on disposed properties. Excluded from interest expense was $2.3 million and $2.0 million of interest capitalized to our investments in undeveloped land during the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Our interest expense in future periods will vary based on interest rate fluctuations, the amount of interest capitalized and our level of future borrowings, which will depend on the availability and cost of debt financing and the opportunity to acquire real estate and real estate-related investments meeting our investment objectives and will decrease to the extent we dispose of properties and paydown debt.

During the year ended December 31, 2016 , we did not receive any distributions related to our investment in the NIP Joint Venture. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we received a distribution of $3.7 million related to our investment in the NIP Joint Venture consisting of $2.1 million of income distributions and $1.6 million of return of capital from the NIP Joint Venture primarily from sale proceeds of its real asset assets.

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Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures increased from $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , primarily due to increased interest expense as a result of increased borrowings associated with the 110 William Joint Venture refinancing of its mortgage loans on March 6, 2017 and the equity in loss related to 353 Sacramento, which has been accounted for as an unconsolidated joint venture under the equity method of accounting beginning July 2017.

During the year ended December 31, 2016 , we had no dispositions. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we sold 12 office properties, a 45% interest in another office property and 102 acres of undeveloped land that resulted in a gain on sale of $ 255.9 million . We recognized a gain on sale related to the sale of the Singapore Portfolio of $219.8 million and deferred $17.1 million of profit based on the units of Keppel-KBS US REIT we owned as of December 31, 2017 . We recognized a gain on sale of $29.4 million related to the disposition of one other office property. We recognized a gain on sale of $1.7 million related to the sale of a 45% interest in another office property. Lastly, we recognized a gain on sale related to the disposition of the undeveloped land based on the percentage of completion method due to our continuing development obligations to the purchasers. We recognized a gain on sale of $5.1 million related to the land sale, which is net of deferred profit of $2.5 million . In addition, we deferred $1.7 million related to proceeds received from the purchasers and another developer for the value of land that was contributed to a master association that we consolidated.

During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we recognized loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.5 million related to debt repayments in connection with the sale of the Singapore Portfolio.

Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2016 versus the year ended December 31, 2015



	For the Years Ended December 31,				Increase (Decrease)			Percentage Change		$ Change Due to Acquisitions/ Originations/Dispositions ⁽¹⁾			$ Change Due to Investments Held Throughout Both Periods ⁽²⁾
	2016		2015		Increase (Decrease)			Percentage Change		$ Change Due to Acquisitions/ Originations/Dispositions ⁽¹⁾
Rental income	$	106,330	$	88,543	$	17,787		20	%	$	12,352		$	5,435
Tenant reimbursements	20,762		18,313		2,449			13	%	2,129			320
Interest income from real estate loan receivable	3,655		1,968		1,687			86	%	—			1,687
Interest income from real estate debt securities	110		—		110			n/a		110			—
Other operating income	3,387		3,304		83			3	%	(35		)	118
Operating, maintenance, and management costs	41,906		37,512		4,394			12	%	3,189			1,205
Real estate taxes and insurance	16,887		14,565		2,322			16	%	1,765			557
Asset management fees to affiliate	9,628		8,348		1,280			15	%	1,056			224
Real estate acquisition fees to affiliate	2,964		—		2,964			n/a		2,964			n/a
Real estate acquisition fees and expenses	543		—		543			n/a		543			n/a
General and administrative expenses	5,781		3,246		2,535			78	%	n/a			n/a
Foreign currency transaction loss, net	2,997		—		2,997			n/a		n/a			n/a
Depreciation and amortization	52,051		44,739		7,312			16	%	7,878			(566		)
Interest expense	29,249		14,986		14,263			95	%	n/a			n/a
Other income	—		5,085		(5,085		)	n/a		n/a			n/a
Gain on sale of real estate, net	—		13,665		(13,665		)	n/a		(13,665		)	n/a

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⁽¹⁾ Represents the dollar amount increase (decrease) for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 related to real estate investments acquired or disposed on or after January 1, 2015 .

⁽²⁾ Represents the dollar amount increase (decrease) for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 with respect to real estate and real estate-related investments owned by us during the entirety of both periods presented.

Rental income and tenant reimbursements increased from $88.5 million and $18.3 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $106.3 million and $20.8 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of the growth in our real estate portfolio and as a result of an increase in occupancy from 84% as of December 31, 2015 to 87% as of December 31, 2016 related to properties (excluding apartments) held throughout both periods. In addition, annualized base rent per square foot increased from $21.36 as of December 31, 2015 to $22.02 as of December 31, 2016 related to properties (excluding apartments) held throughout both periods.

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Interest income from our real estate loan receivable, recognized using the interest method, increased from $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of our recognition and collection of default interest during the year ended December 31, 2016. On June 30, 2015, the University House First Mortgage Loan matured without repayment. On July 1, 2015, we provided notice to the borrower of default. We determined the real estate loan receivable to be impaired and recognized interest income from our real estate loan receivable on a cash basis. On April 21, 2016, we entered into an assignment of mortgage to assign the University House First Mortgage Loan to an assignee unaffiliated with us or our advisor. On April 22, 2016, we received $31.6 million in connection with the assignment of the University House First Mortgage Loan. The proceeds received from the assignment reflects the entire principal balance and interest due, including any default interest, as of April 21, 2016, plus any legal costs incurred by us in connection with the assignment.

Property operating costs and real estate taxes and insurance increased from $37.5 million and $14.6 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $41.9 million and $16.9 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of the growth in our real estate portfolio.

Asset management fees increased from $8.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of the growth in our real estate portfolio.

Real estate acquisition fees and expenses to affiliates and non-affiliates were $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. We did not acquire any real estate for the year ended December 31, 2015 and, therefore, did not incur any acquisition fees or expenses during the period. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we acquired two real estate properties for $293.8 million.

General and administrative expenses increased from $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily due to increased legal and auditor costs as a result of our ongoing Israeli securities law compliance requirements related to our outstanding bonds.

We recognized $3.0 million of foreign currency transaction loss, net for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to the issuance of Series A debentures in Israel, consisting of $3.9 million foreign currency transaction loss as a result of our foreign currency collars, partially offset by $0.9 million of foreign currency transaction income. These debentures are denominated in Israeli new Shekels and we expect to recognize foreign transaction gains and losses to the extent that we do not enter into a foreign currency collar or hedge. We did not recognize any foreign currency transaction gain or loss during the year ended December 31, 2015.

Depreciation and amortization increased from $44.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $52.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of the growth in our real estate portfolio.

Interest expense increased from $15.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $29.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily due to increased borrowings as a result of our bond offering and additional mortgage financing. Excluded from interest expense was $2.0 million and $1.9 million of interest capitalized to our investments in undeveloped land during the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we received $5.9 million in proceeds from condemnation agreements. The carrying value of the condemned land was $0.8 million, resulting in a gain of $5.1 million, which is included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, we had no dispositions. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold two office properties and 25.9 acres of undeveloped land that resulted in a gain on sale of $13.7 million.

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Funds from Operations, Modified Funds from Operations and Adjusted Modified Funds from Operations

We believe that funds from operations (“FFO”) is a beneficial indicator of the performance of an equity REIT. We compute FFO in accordance with the current National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) definition. FFO represents net income, excluding gains and losses from sales of operating real estate assets (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar conditions based on historical cost accounting and useful-life estimates), impairment losses on real estate assets, depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. We believe FFO facilitates comparisons of operating performance between periods and among other REITs. However, our computation of FFO may not be comparable to other REITs that do not define FFO in accordance with the NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition differently than we do. Our management believes that historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. As a result, we believe that the use of FFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, provides a more complete understanding of our performance relative to our competitors and provides a more informed and appropriate basis on which to make decisions involving operating, financing, and investing activities.

Changes in accounting rules have resulted in a substantial increase in the number of non-operating and non-cash items included in the calculation of FFO. As a result, our management also uses modified funds from operations (“MFFO”) as an indicator of our ongoing performance as well as our dividend sustainability. MFFO excludes from FFO: acquisition fees and expenses (to the extent that such fees and expenses have been recorded as operating expenses); adjustments related to contingent purchase price obligations; amounts relating to straight-line rents and amortization of above- and below-market intangible lease assets and liabilities; accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on debt investments; amortization of closing costs relating to debt investments; impairments of real estate-related investments; mark-to-market adjustments included in net income; and gains or losses included in net income for the extinguishment or sale of debt or hedges. We compute MFFO in accordance with the definition of MFFO included in the practice guideline issued by the Investment Program Association (“IPA”) in November 2010 as interpreted by management. Our computation of MFFO may not be comparable to other REITs that do not compute MFFO in accordance with the current IPA definition or that interpret the current IPA definition differently than we do.

In addition, our management uses an adjusted MFFO (“Adjusted MFFO”) as an indicator of our ongoing performance, as well as our dividend sustainability. Adjusted MFFO provides adjustments to reduce MFFO related to operating expenses that are capitalized with respect to certain of our investments in undeveloped land.

We believe that MFFO and Adjusted MFFO are helpful as measures of ongoing operating performance because they exclude costs that management considers more reflective of investing activities and other non-operating items included in FFO. Management believes that excluding acquisition costs, prior to our early adoption of ASU No. 2017-01 on January 1, 2017, from MFFO and Adjusted MFFO provides investors with supplemental performance information that is consistent with management’s analysis of the operating performance of the portfolio over time, including periods after our acquisition stage. MFFO and Adjusted MFFO also exclude non-cash items such as straight-line rental revenue. Additionally, we believe that MFFO and Adjusted MFFO provide investors with supplemental performance information that is consistent with the performance indicators and analysis used by management, in addition to net income and cash flows from operating activities as defined by GAAP, to evaluate the sustainability of our operating performance. MFFO provides comparability in evaluating the operating performance of our portfolio with other non-traded REITs which typically have limited lives with short and defined acquisition periods and targeted exit strategies. MFFO, or an equivalent measure, is routinely reported by non-traded REITs, and we believe often used by analysts and investors for comparison purposes.

FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO are non-GAAP financial measures and do not represent net income as defined by GAAP. Net income as defined by GAAP is the most relevant measure in determining our operating performance because FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO include adjustments that investors may deem subjective, such as adding back expenses such as depreciation and amortization and the other items described above. Accordingly, FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO should not be considered as alternatives to net income as an indicator of our current and historical operating performance. In addition, FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO do not represent cash flows from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered an indication of our liquidity. We believe FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO, in addition to net income and cash flows from operating activities as defined by GAAP, are meaningful supplemental performance measures.

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Although MFFO includes other adjustments, the exclusion of straight-line rent, the amortization of above- and below-market leases, the amortization of discounts and closing costs, acquisition fees and expenses (as applicable), mark to market foreign currency transaction adjustment and prepayment fees related to the extinguishment of debt are the most significant adjustments for the periods presented. We have excluded these items based on the following economic considerations:

•

Adjustments for straight-line rent. These are adjustments to rental revenue as required by GAAP to recognize contractual lease payments on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease. We have excluded these adjustments in our calculation of MFFO to more appropriately reflect the current economic impact of our in-place leases, while also providing investors with a useful supplemental metric that addresses core operating performance by removing rent we expect to receive in a future period or rent that was received in a prior period;

•

Amortization of above- and below-market leases. Similar to depreciation and amortization of real estate assets and lease related costs that are excluded from FFO, GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of intangible lease assets and liabilities diminishes predictably over time and requires that these charges be recognized currently in revenue. Since market lease rates in the aggregate have historically risen or fallen with local market conditions, management believes that by excluding these charges, MFFO provides useful supplemental information on the realized economics of the real estate;

•

Amortization of discounts and closing costs. Discounts and closing costs related to debt investments are amortized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest income. This application results in income recognition that is different than the underlying contractual terms of the debt investments. We have excluded the amortization of discounts and closing costs related to our debt investments in our calculation of MFFO to more appropriately reflect the economic impact of our debt investments, as discounts will not be economically recognized until the loan is repaid and closing costs are essentially the same as acquisition fees and expenses on real estate (discussed below). We believe excluding these items provides investors with a useful supplemental metric that directly addresses core operating performance;

•

Acquisition fees and expenses. Prior to our early adoption of ASU No. 2017-01 on January 1, 2017, acquisition fees and expenses related to the acquisition of real estate were generally expensed. Although these amounts reduced net income in 2016, we exclude them from MFFO to more appropriately present the ongoing operating performance of our real estate investments on a comparative basis. Additionally, acquisition fees and expenses have been funded from the proceeds from our now-terminated initial public offering and debt financings and not from our operations. We believe this exclusion is useful to investors as it allows investors to more accurately evaluate the sustainability of our operating performance;

•

Mark-to-market foreign currency transaction adjustments. The U.S. Dollar is our functional currency. Transactions denominated in currency other than our functional currency are recorded upon initial recognition at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction. After initial recognition, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are remeasured at each reporting date into the foreign currency at the exchange rate on that date. In addition, we have entered into foreign currency collars and foreign currency options that results in a foreign currency transaction adjustment. These amounts can increase or reduce net income. We exclude them from MFFO to more appropriately present the ongoing operating performance of our real estate investments on a comparative basis; and

•

Prepayment fees related to the extinguishment of debt. Prepayment fees related to the extinguishment of debt are generally included in interest expense. Although these amounts reduce net income, we exclude them from MFFO to more appropriately present the ongoing operating performance of our real estate investments on a comparative basis, as we do not believe that the infrequent payment of such fees is reflective of the ongoing operations of our portfolio of real estate investments.

Adjusted MFFO includes adjustments to reduce MFFO related to real estate taxes, property insurance and financing costs which are capitalized with respect to certain of our investments in undeveloped land. We have included adjustments for the costs incurred necessary to bring these investments to their intended use, as these costs are recurring operating costs that are capitalized in accordance with GAAP and not reflected in our net income (loss), FFO and MFFO.

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Our calculation of FFO, which we believe is consistent with the calculation of FFO as defined by NAREIT, is presented in the following table, along with our calculations of MFFO and Adjusted MFFO, for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 (in thousands). No conclusions or comparisons should be made from the presentation of these periods.



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	210,644		$	(28,918	)	$	2,444
Depreciation of real estate assets	31,761			29,857			24,143
Amortization of lease-related costs	21,685			22,194			20,596
Gain on sale of real estate	(255,935		)	—			(13,665		)
Adjustments for noncontrolling interests - consolidated entities ⁽¹⁾	(495		)	(493		)	3,218
Adjustments for investments in unconsolidated entities ⁽²⁾	11,842			7,815			7,599
FFO attributable to common stockholders ⁽³⁾	19,502			30,455			44,335
Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market leases	(4,991		)	(5,414		)	(5,144		)
Amortization of discounts and closing costs	(565		)	(47		)	(428		)
Real estate acquisition fees to affiliate	—			2,964			—
Real estate acquisition fees and expenses	—			543			—
Amortization of net premium/discount on bond and notes payable	49			38			25
Prepayment fees related to the extinguishment of debt	—			—			250
Loss on extinguishment of debt	478			—			—
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments	105			3			—
Mark-to-market foreign currency transaction loss, net	15,298			2,997			—
Adjustments for noncontrolling interests - consolidated entities ⁽¹⁾	(35		)	(20		)	(52		)
Adjustments for investments in unconsolidated entities ⁽²⁾	(3,521		)	(4,264		)	(4,821		)
MFFO attributable to common stockholders ⁽³⁾	26,320			27,255			34,165
Other capitalized operating expenses ⁽⁴⁾	(2,692		)	(2,414		)	(2,658		)
Adjustments for noncontrolling interests - consolidated entities ⁽¹⁾	—			61			262
Adjusted MFFO attributable to common stockholders ⁽³⁾	$	23,628		$	24,902		$	31,769

_____________________

⁽¹⁾ Reflects adjustments to eliminate the noncontrolling interest holders’ share of the adjustments to convert our net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders to FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO.

⁽²⁾ Reflects adjustments to add back our noncontrolling interest share of the adjustments to convert our net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders to FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO for our equity investments in unconsolidated joint ventures.

⁽³⁾ FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO include $3.9 million of gain from condemnation agreements for the year ended December 31, 2015.

⁽⁴⁾ Reflects real estate taxes, property insurance and financing costs that are capitalized with respect to certain of our investments in undeveloped land. During the periods in which we are incurring costs necessary to bring these investments to their intended use, certain normal recurring operating costs are capitalized in accordance with GAAP and not reflected in our net income (loss), FFO and MFFO.

FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO may also be used to fund all or a portion of certain capitalizable items that are excluded from FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO, such as tenant improvements, building improvements and deferred leasing costs. We expect FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO to improve in future periods to the extent that we continue to lease up vacant space and acquire additional assets. We expect FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO to decrease as a result of dispositions.

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Distributions

Distributions declared, distributions paid and cash flows provided by operations were as follows during 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts):



	Distribution Declared		Distributions Declared Per Share		Distributions Paid						Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Operations
Period	Distribution Declared		Distributions Declared Per Share		Cash		Reinvested		Total		Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Operations
First Quarter 2017	$	5,247	$	0.092	$	2,323	$	2,924	$	5,247	$	3,391
Second Quarter 2017	5,298		0.093		2,405		2,893		5,298		9,466
Third Quarter 2017	5,350		0.095		2,501		2,849		5,350		6,868
Fourth Quarter 2017	187,914		3.610		—		—		—		(6,293		)
	$	203,809	$	3.890	$	7,229	$	8,666	$	15,895	$	13,432

On March 9, 2017, our board of directors authorized a distribution in the amount of $0.09246575 per share of common stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 13, 2017. We paid this distribution on March 16, 2017 and this was the only distribution declared and paid during the first quarter of 2017.

On June 6, 2017, our board of directors authorized a distribution in the amount of $0.09349315 per share of common stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 12, 2017. We paid this distribution on June 15, 2017 and this was the only distribution declared and paid during the second quarter of 2017.

On September 13, 2017, our board of directors authorized a distribution in the amount of $0.09452055 per share of common stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 15, 2017. We paid this distribution on September 22, 2017 and this was the only distribution declared and paid during the third quarter of 2017.

On December 7, 2017 , our board of directors authorized a Special Dividend of $3.61 per share of common stock payable in either shares of our common stock or cash to, and at the election of, the stockholders of record as of the Record Date, December 7, 2017 . This was the only distribution declared during the fourth quarter of 2017 and no distributions were paid during the fourth quarter of 2017. The Special Dividend was paid in January 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on the Record Date. If stockholders elected all cash, their election was subject to adjustment such that the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed by us was a maximum of 20% of the total Special Dividend (the “Maximum Cash Distribution”), with the remainder to be paid in shares of common stock. The aggregate amount of cash paid by us pursuant to the Special Dividend and the actual number of shares of common stock issued pursuant to the Special Dividend depended upon the number of stockholders who elected cash or stock and whether the Maximum Cash Distribution was met.

For the year ended December 31, 2017 , we paid aggregate distributions of $15.9 million , including $7.2 million of distributions paid in cash and $8.7 million of distributions reinvested through our dividend reinvestment plan. Our net income attributable to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $210.6 million and cash flow provided by operations was $13.4 million . Our cumulative distributions paid and net income attributable to common stockholders from inception through December 31, 2017 are $120.7 million and $153.1 million , respectively. We have funded our cumulative distributions paid, which includes net cash distributions and distributions reinvested by stockholders, with proceeds from debt financing of $18.7 million , proceeds from the dispositions of property of $13.7 million and cash provided by operations of $88.3 million . To the extent that we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations or gains from asset sales, we will have fewer funds available for investment in real estate-related loans, opportunistic real estate, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments, the overall return to our stockholders may be reduced and subsequent investors may experience dilution.

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Critical Accounting Policies

Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that management considers critical in that they involve significant management judgments and assumptions, require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain and because they are important for understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. These judgments will affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported in our financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact the comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses.

Revenue Recognition

Real Estate

We recognize minimum rent, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases when collectibility is reasonably assured and record amounts expected to be received in later years as deferred rent receivable. If the lease provides for tenant improvements, we determine whether the tenant improvements, for accounting purposes, are owned by the tenant or us. When we are the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the physical use of the leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed. When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement allowance (including amounts that can be taken in the form of cash or a credit against the tenant’s rent) that is funded is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of revenue over the lease term. Tenant improvement ownership is determined based on various factors including, but not limited to:

• whether the lease stipulates how a tenant improvement allowance may be spent;

• whether the amount of a tenant improvement allowance is in excess of market rates;

• whether the tenant or landlord retains legal title to the improvements at the end of the lease term;

• whether the tenant improvements are unique to the tenant or general-purpose in nature; and

• whether the tenant improvements are expected to have any residual value at the end of the lease.

We record property operating expense reimbursements due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and other recoverable costs in the period the related expenses are incurred.

We make estimates of the collectibility of our tenant receivables related to base rents, including deferred rent, expense reimbursements and other revenue or income. We specifically analyze accounts receivable, deferred rents receivable, historical bad debts, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, with respect to tenants in bankruptcy, we make estimates of the expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims in assessing the estimated collectibility of the related receivable. In some cases, the ultimate resolution of these claims can exceed one year. When a tenant is in bankruptcy, we will record a bad debt reserve for the tenant’s receivable balance and generally will not recognize subsequent rental revenue until cash is received or until the tenant is no longer in bankruptcy and has the ability to make rental payments.

Real Estate Loans Receivable

Interest income on real estate loans receivable was recognized on an accrual basis over the life of the investment using the interest method. Direct loan origination or acquisition fees and costs, as well as acquisition premiums or discounts, are amortized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest income. We place loans on nonaccrual status when any portion of principal or interest is 90 days past due, or earlier when concern exists as to the ultimate collection of principal or interest. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, we reserve for any unpaid accrued interest and generally do not recognize subsequent interest income until cash is received, or the loan returns to accrual status. We will resume the accrual of interest if we determine the collection of interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan, is probable.

We generally recognize income on impaired loans on either a cash basis, where interest income is only recorded when received in cash, or on a cost-recovery basis, where all cash receipts are applied against the carrying value of the loan. We consider the collectibility of the loan’s principal balance in determining whether to recognize income on impaired loans on a cash basis or a cost-recovery basis.

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We will recognize interest income on loans purchased at discounts to face value where we expect to collect less than the contractual amounts due under the loan when that expectation is due, at least in part, to the credit quality of the borrower. Income is recognized at an interest rate equivalent to the estimated yield on the loan, as calculated using the carrying value of the loan and the expected cash flows. Changes in estimated cash flows are recognized through an adjustment to the yield on the loan on a prospective basis. Projecting cash flows for these types of loans requires a significant amount of assumptions and judgment, which may have a significant impact on the amount and timing of revenue recognized on these investments. We recognize interest income on non-performing loans on a cash basis since these loans generally do not have an estimated yield and collection of principal and interest is not assured.

Real Estate Debt Securities

Interest income on our real estate debt securities is recognized on an accrual basis over the life of the investment using the interest method. Direct origination or acquisition fees and costs, as well as acquisition premiums or discounts, are amortized over the term of the securities as an adjustment to interest income. Income is recognized at an interest rate equivalent to the estimated yield on the real estate debt security, as calculated using the carrying value of the real estate debt security and the expected cash flows. Changes in estimated cash flows are recognized through an adjustment to the yield on the real estate debt security on a prospective basis. Projecting cash flows for these types of real estate debt securities requires a significant amount of assumptions and judgment, which may have a significant impact on the amount and timing of revenue recognized on these investments. We place real estate debt securities on nonaccrual status when any portion of principal or interest is 90 days past due, or earlier when concern exists as to the ultimate collection of principal or interest. When a real estate debt security is placed on nonaccrual status, we reserve for any unpaid accrued interest and generally do not recognize subsequent interest income until cash is received, or the real estate debt security returns to accrual status. We will resume the accrual of interest if we determine that the collection of interest, according to the contractual terms of the real estate debt security, is probable.

Real Estate Equity Securities

Dividend income from real estate equity securities is recognized on an accrual basis based on eligible shares as of the ex-dividend date.

Real Estate

Depreciation and Amortization

Real estate costs related to the acquisition and improvement of properties are capitalized and amortized over the expected useful life of the asset on a straight-line basis. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred and significant replacements and betterments are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs include all costs that do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset. We consider the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful life. Expenditures for tenant improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the tenant’s lease term or expected useful life. We anticipate the estimated useful lives of our assets by class to be generally as follows:



Buildings	25-40 years
Building Improvements	10-40 years
Tenant Improvements	Shorter of lease term or expected useful life
Tenant origination and absorption costs	Remaining term of related leases, including below-market renewal periods

Real Estate Acquisition Valuation

As a result of our early adoption of ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business , acquisitions of real estate beginning January 1, 2017 could qualify as asset acquisitions (as opposed to business combinations). We record the acquisition of income-producing real estate or real estate that will be used for the production of income as a business combination or an asset acquisition. If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired are concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, then the set is not a business. For purposes of this test, land and buildings can be combined along with the intangible assets for any in-place leases and accordingly, most acquisitions of investment properties would not meet the definition of a business and would be accounted for as an asset acquisition. To be considered a business, a set must include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contributes to the ability to create an output. All assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at their acquisition date fair values. For asset acquisitions, the cost of the acquisition is allocated to individual assets and liabilities on a relative fair value basis. Acquisition costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred. Acquisition costs associated with asset acquisitions are capitalized.

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Intangible assets include the value of in-place leases, which represents the estimated value of the net cash flows of the in-place leases to be realized, as compared to the net cash flows that would have occurred had the property been vacant at the time of acquisition and subject to lease-up. Acquired in-place lease value will be amortized to expense over the average remaining terms of the respective in-place leases, including any below-market renewal periods.

We assess the acquisition date fair values of all tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers, generally utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis that applies appropriate discount and/or capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors, including historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions. The fair value of tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant.

We record above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based on the present value (using a discount that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of above-market in-place leases and for the initial term plus any extended term for any leases with below-market renewal options. We amortize any recorded above-market or below-market lease values as a reduction or increase, respectively, to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective lease, including any below-market renewal periods.

We estimate the value of tenant origination and absorption costs by considering the estimated carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease up periods, considering current market conditions. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods.

We amortize the value of tenant origination and absorption costs to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the leases.

Estimates of the fair values of the tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities require us to make significant assumptions to estimate market lease rates, property-operating expenses, carrying costs during lease-up periods, discount rates, market absorption periods, and the number of years the property will be held for investment. The use of inappropriate assumptions would result in an incorrect valuation of our acquired tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities, which would impact the amount of our net income.

Direct investments in undeveloped land or properties without leases in place at the time of acquisition are accounted for as an asset acquisition and not as a business combination. Acquisition fees and expenses are capitalized into the cost basis of an asset acquisition. Additionally, during the time in which we are incurring costs necessary to bring these investments to their intended use, certain costs such as legal fees, real estate taxes and insurance and financing costs are also capitalized.

Impairment of Real Estate and Related Intangible Assets and Liabilities

We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amounts of our real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities may not be recoverable or realized. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities may not be recoverable, we assess the recoverability by estimating whether we will recover the carrying value of the real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities through its undiscounted future cash flows and its eventual disposition. If, based on this analysis, we do not believe that we will be able to recover the carrying value of the real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities, we would record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities.

Projecting future cash flows involves estimating expected future operating income and expenses related to the real estate and its related intangible assets and liabilities as well as market and other trends. Using inappropriate assumptions to estimate cash flows could result in incorrect fair values of the real estate and its related intangible assets and liabilities and could result in the overstatement of the carrying values of our real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities and an overstatement of our net income.

Insurance Proceeds for Property Damage

We maintain an insurance policy that provides coverage for losses due to property damage and business interruption. Losses due to physical damage are recognized during the accounting period in which they occur, while the amount of monetary assets to be received from the insurance policy is recognized when receipt of insurance recoveries is probable. Losses, which are reduced by the related probable insurance recoveries, are recorded as operating, maintenance and management expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Anticipated proceeds in excess of recognized losses would be considered a gain contingency and recognized when the contingency related to the insurance claim has been resolved. Anticipated recoveries for lost rental revenue due to property damage are also considered to be a gain contingency and recognized when the contingency related to the insurance claim has been resolved.

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Real Estate Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

We generally consider real estate to be “held for sale” when the following criteria are met: (i) management commits to a plan to sell the property, (ii) the property is available for sale immediately, (iii) the property is actively being marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, (iv) the sale of the property within one year is considered probable and (v) significant changes to the plan to sell are not expected. Real estate that is held for sale and its related assets are classified as “real estate held for sale” and “assets related to real estate held for sale,” respectively, for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Notes payable and other liabilities related to real estate held for sale are classified as “notes payable related to real estate held for sale” and “liabilities related to real estate held for sale,” respectively, for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Real estate classified as held for sale is no longer depreciated and is reported at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. Additionally, with respect to properties that were classified as held for sale in financial statements prior to January 1, 2014, we record the operating results and related gains (losses) on sale as discontinued operations for all periods presented if the operations have been or are expected to be eliminated and we will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the property following the sale. Operating results and related gains (losses) on sale of properties that were disposed of or classified as held for sale in the ordinary course of business during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 that had not been classified as held for sale in financial statements prior to January 1, 2014 are included in continuing operations on our consolidated statements of operations.

Real Estate Debt Securities

We classify our investment in real estate debt securities as held to maturity, as we have the intent and ability to hold this investment until maturity. Our real estate debt securities are recorded at amortized cost, net of other-than-temporary impairment (if any), and evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment at each balance sheet date. The amortized cost of a real estate debt security is the outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts and unamortized costs and fees directly associated with the origination or acquisition of the real estate debt security. The amount of other-than-temporary impairment, if any, will be measured by comparing the amortized cost of the real estate debt security to the present value of the expected cash flows discounted at the real estate debt security’s effective interest rate, the real estate debt security’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the real estate debt security is collateral dependent and collection of principal and interest is not assured. If a real estate debt security is deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, we will record an other-than-temporary impairment on the consolidated statements of operations.

Real Estate Equity Securities

We determine the appropriate classification for real estate equity securities at acquisition (on the trade date) and reevaluate such designation as of each balance sheet date. As of December 31, 2017 , we classified our investments in real estate equity securities as available-for-sale as we intend to hold the securities for the purpose of collecting dividend income and for longer term price appreciation. These investments are carried at their estimated fair value based on quoted market prices for the security. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of real estate equity securities are capitalized to its cost basis. Unrealized gains and losses are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Upon the sale of a security, the previously recognized unrealized gain (loss) would be reversed out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and the actual realized gain (loss) recognized in earnings.

Any non-temporary decline in the market value of an available-for-sale real estate equity security below cost results in a reduction in the carrying amount to fair value. The impairment is charged to earnings and a new cost basis for the real estate equity security is established. When a real estate equity security is impaired, we consider whether we have the ability and intent to hold the investment for a time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value and consider whether evidence indicating the cost of the investment being recoverable outweighs evidence to the contrary. Evidence considered in this assessment includes the reasons for the impairment, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in value subsequent to period end and forecasted performance of the investee.

Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

Equity Method

We account for investments in unconsolidated joint venture entities in which we may exercise significant influence over, but do not control, using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted to reflect additional contributions or distributions and our proportionate share of equity in the joint venture’s income (loss). We recognize our proportionate share of the ongoing income or loss of the unconsolidated joint venture as equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint venture on the consolidated statements of operations. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate our investment in an unconsolidated joint venture for other-than-temporary impairments.

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Cost Method

We account for investments in unconsolidated joint venture entities in which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence and have virtually no influence over partnership operating and financial policies using the cost method of accounting. Under the cost method, income distributions from the partnership are recognized in other income. Distributions that exceed our share of earnings are applied to reduce the carrying value of our investment and any capital contributions will increase the carrying value of our investment. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate our investment in an unconsolidated joint venture for other-than-temporary impairments. The fair value of a cost method investment is not estimated if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that would indicate a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment.

Fair Value Measurements

Under GAAP, we are required to measure certain financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. In addition, we are required to measure other non-financial and financial assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis (e.g., carrying value of impaired real estate loans receivable and long-lived assets). Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The GAAP fair value framework uses a three-tiered approach. Fair value measurements are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:


•	Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities;


•	Level 2: quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and


•	Level 3: prices or valuation techniques where little or no market data is available that requires inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

When available, we will utilize quoted market prices from independent third-party sources to determine fair value and will classify such items in Level 1 or Level 2. In instances where the market for a financial instrument is not active, regardless of the availability of a nonbinding quoted market price, observable inputs might not be relevant and could require us to make a significant adjustment to derive a fair value measurement. Additionally, in an inactive market, a market price quoted from an independent third party may rely more on models with inputs based on information available only to that independent third party. When we determine the market for a financial instrument owned by us to be illiquid or when market transactions for similar instruments do not appear orderly, we will use several valuation sources (including internal valuations, discounted cash flow analysis and quoted market prices) and will establish a fair value by assigning weights to the various valuation sources. Additionally, when determining the fair value of liabilities in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for an identical liability is not available, we will measure fair value using (i) a valuation technique that uses the quoted price of the identical liability when traded as an asset or quoted prices for similar liabilities when traded as assets or (ii) another valuation technique that is consistent with the principles of fair value measurement, such as the income approach or the market approach.

Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies can have a material effect on these estimated fair values. In this regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

We consider the following factors to be indicators of an inactive market: (i) there are few recent transactions, (ii) price quotations are not based on current information, (iii) price quotations vary substantially either over time or among market makers (for example, some brokered markets), (iv) indexes that previously were highly correlated with the fair values of the asset or liability are demonstrably uncorrelated with recent indications of fair value for that asset or liability, (v) there is a significant increase in implied liquidity risk premiums, yields, or performance indicators (such as delinquency rates or loss severities) for observed transactions or quoted prices when compared with our estimate of expected cash flows, considering all available market data about credit and other nonperformance risk for the asset or liability, (vi) there is a wide bid-ask spread or significant increase in the bid-ask spread, (vii) there is a significant decline or absence of a market for new issuances (that is, a primary market) for the asset or liability or similar assets or liabilities, and (viii) little information is released publicly (for example, a principal-to-principal market).

We consider the following factors to be indicators of non-orderly transactions: (i) there was not adequate exposure to the market for a period before the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets or liabilities under current market conditions, (ii) there was a usual and customary marketing period, but the seller marketed the asset or liability to a single market participant, (iii) the seller is in or near bankruptcy or receivership (that is, distressed), or the seller was required to sell to meet regulatory or legal requirements (that is, forced), and (iv) the transaction price is an outlier when compared with other recent transactions for the same or similar assets or liabilities.

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Foreign currency transactions

The U.S. Dollar is our functional currency. Transactions denominated in currency other than our functional currency are recorded upon initial recognition at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. After initial recognition, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are remeasured at each reporting date into the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. Exchange rate differences, other than those accounted for as hedging transactions, are recognized as foreign currency transaction gain or loss included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. We expect to have little or no taxable income prior to electing REIT status. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to our stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent we distribute qualifying dividends to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. However, we intend to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.

Subsequent Events

We evaluate subsequent events up until the date the consolidated financial statements are issued.

Acquisition and Financing of City Tower

On March 6, 2018, we, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary (the “Owner”), acquired an office building containing 431,007 rentable square feet located on approximately 4.92 acres of land in Orange, California (“City Tower”). The seller is not affiliated with us or our advisor. The purchase price of City Tower was $147.3 million plus closing costs. City Tower was built in 1988 and partially renovated in 2016 and was 76% leased to 24 tenants as of the acquisition date. The aggregate annual effective base rent, which was calculated as the annualized contractual base rental income (excluding rental abatements), for the tenants of City Tower was approximately $10.3 million as of the acquisition date. Also as of the acquisition date, the weighted-average remaining lease term for the tenants was approximately 4.1 years and the weighted-average annual rental rate over the remaining lease term was $34.63 per square foot.

On March 6, 2018, in connection with our acquisition of City Tower, the Owner entered into a term loan facility with Compass Bank, an unaffiliated lender, for borrowings up to $103.4 million, secured by City Tower (the “City Tower Mortgage Loan”). At closing, $89.0 million of the loan was funded and the remaining $14.4 million was available for future disbursements to be used for leasing commissions and capital expenditures, subject to certain terms and conditions contained in the loan documents.

The City Tower Mortgage Loan matures on March 5, 2021, with two one-year extension options, subject to certain terms and conditions contained in the loan documents, and bears interest at a floating rate of 155 basis points over one-month LIBOR. Monthly payments are interest only with the principal balance, all accrued and unpaid interest and all other sums due under the loan documents due at maturity. The Owner has the right to prepay all or a portion of the City Tower Mortgage Loan, subject to certain fees and conditions contained in the loan documents.

KBS SOR Properties, LLC, our wholly owned subsidiary, in connection with the City Tower Mortgage Loan, is providing a guaranty of (i) the payment of all actual costs, losses, damages, claims and expenses incurred by Compass Bank relating to the City Tower Mortgage Loan as a result of certain intentional actions or omissions of the Owner in violation of the loan documents, as further described in the guaranty; (ii) the payment of the principal balance and any interest or other sums outstanding under the City Tower Mortgage Loan in the event of certain bankruptcy, insolvency or related proceedings involving the Owner as described in the guaranty; and (iii) certain other amounts as described in the guaranty.

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Acquisition of Marquette Plaza

On March 1, 2018, we, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, acquired an office property containing 522,656 rentable square feet located on 2.5 acres of land in Minneapolis, Minnesota (“Marquette Plaza”). The seller is not affiliated with us or our advisor. The purchase price of Marquette Plaza was $88.4 million plus closing costs. Marquette Plaza was built in 1972 and renovated in 2002 and was 70% leased to 21 tenants as of the acquisition date.

Distribution Paid

On December 7, 2017 , our board of directors authorized a Special Dividend of $3.61 per share of common stock payable in either shares of our common stock or cash to, and at the election of, the stockholders of record as of December 7, 2017 (the “Record Date”). The Special Dividend was paid on January 17, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on the Record Date. If stockholders elected all cash, their election was subject to adjustment such that the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed by us will be a maximum of 20% of the total Special Dividend (the “Maximum Cash Distribution”), with the remainder to be paid in shares of common stock. The aggregate amount of cash paid by us pursuant to the Special Dividend and the actual number of shares of common stock issued pursuant to the Special Dividend depended upon the number of stockholders who elected cash or stock and whether the Maximum Cash Distribution was met. Accordingly, on January 17, 2018 , we paid $37.6 million in cash and $150.3 million in stock pursuant to the Special Dividend.

Distribution Declared

On March 8 , 2018 , our board of directors authorized a distribution in the amount of $0.015975 per share of common stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 16 , 2018 . We expect to pay this distribution on March 21 , 2018 .


ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to the effects of interest rate changes as a result of borrowings used to maintain liquidity, fund distributions and to fund the refinancing of our real estate investment portfolio and operations. We may also be exposed to the effects of changes in interest rates as a result of the acquisition and origination of mortgage, mezzanine, bridge and other loans and the acquisition of real estate securities. We are also exposed to the effects of foreign currency changes in Israel with respect to the 4.25% bonds issued to investors in Israel in March 2016. Our profitability and the value of our investment portfolio may be adversely affected during any period as a result of interest rate changes and foreign currency changes. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings, prepayment penalties and cash flows and to lower overall borrowing costs. We may manage interest rate risk by maintaining a ratio of fixed rate, long-term debt such that floating rate exposure is kept at an acceptable level. In addition, we may utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate caps, floors, and swap agreements, in order to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our operations. In order to limit the effects of changes in foreign currency on our operations, we may utilize a variety of foreign currency hedging strategies such as cross currency swaps, forward contracts, puts or calls. When we use these types of derivatives to hedge the risk of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities, we may be subject to certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the funds available for payments to holders of our common stock and that the losses may exceed the amount we invested in the instruments. Additionally, certain of these strategies may cause us to fund a margin account periodically to offset changes in foreign currency rates which may also reduce the funds available for payments to holders of our common stock.

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The table below summarizes the book value and the interest rate of our real estate debt securities; the notional amounts and average strike rates of our derivative instruments; and outstanding principal balance and the weighted average interest rates for our notes and bonds payable for each category based on the maturity dates as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):



	Maturity Date																		Total Value
	2018			2019			2020			2021			2022			Thereafter			Total Value			Fair Value
Assets
Real estate debt securities, book value
Real estate debt securities - fixed rate	$	—		$	17,751		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	17,751		$	17,386
Annual effective interest rate ⁽¹⁾	—			11.1		%	—			—			—			—			11.1		%

Interest rate cap, notional amount	$	—		$	—		$	46,875		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	46,875		$	14
Strike rate ⁽²⁾	—			—			3.0		%	—			—			—			3.0		%

Liabilities
Notes and Bonds Payable, principal outstanding
Fixed rate - notes and bond payable	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	24,282		$	6,460		$	30,742		$	32,337
Average interest rate ⁽³⁾	—			—			—			—			3.9		%	6.5		%	4.5		%
Fixed rate - debentures	$	—		$	55,760		$	55,760		$	55,760		$	55,760		$	55,761		$	278,801		$	296,069
Average interest rate ⁽³⁾	—			4.3		%	4.3		%	4.3		%	4.3		%	4.3		%	4.3		%
Variable rate	$	116,321		$	—		$	135,700		$	—		$	50,130		$	—		$	302,151		$	302,875
Average interest rate ⁽³⁾	3.5		%	—			3.9		%	—			3.1		%	—			3.6		%

Foreign currency option, notional amount	$	285,361		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	285,361		$	4,243
Strike rate - ILS - USD	3.4			—			—			—			—			—			3.4

_____________________

⁽¹⁾ The annual effective interest rate represents the actual interest income recognized during 2017 using the interest method, divided by the average amortized cost basis of the investments.

⁽²⁾ The strike rate caps one-month LIBOR on the applicable notional amount.

⁽³⁾ Average interest rate is the weighted-average interest rate. Weighted-average interest rate as of December 31, 2017 is calculated as the actual interest rate in effect at December 31, 2017 (consisting of the contractual interest rate and the effect of contractual floor rates, if applicable), using interest rate indices at December 31, 2017 , where applicable.

As of December 31, 2017 , we had entered into one foreign currency option, a USD put/ILS call option, to hedge against a change in the exchange rate of the Israeli new Shekel versus the U.S. Dollar. The foreign currency option expires in August 2018 and has an aggregate U.S. Dollar notional amount of $285.4 million . We have the right, but not the obligation, to purchase up to 970.2 million Israeli Shekels at the rate of ILS 3.4 per USD.

As of December 31, 2017 , we held 0.2 million Israeli new Shekels and 21.8 million Israeli new Shekels in cash and restricted cash, respectively. In addition, as of December 31, 2017 , we had bonds outstanding and the related interest payable in the amounts of 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels and 13.7 million Israeli new Shekels, respectively. Foreign currency exchange rate risk is the possibility that our financial results could be better or worse than planned because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Based solely on the remeasurement for the year ended December 31, 2017 , if foreign currency exchange rates were to increase or decrease by 10%, our net income would increase or decrease by approximately $25.1 million and $30.7 million , respectively, for the same period. The foreign currency transaction income or loss as a result of the change in foreign currency exchange rates does not take into account any gains or losses on our foreign currency option as a result of such change, which would reduce our foreign currency exposure.

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We borrow funds at a combination of fixed and variable rates. Interest rate fluctuations will generally not affect our future earnings or cash flows on our fixed rate debt unless such instruments mature or are otherwise terminated. However, interest rate changes will affect the fair value of our fixed rate instruments. As of December 31, 2017 , the fair value of our KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. Series A Debentures was $296.1 million and the outstanding principal balance was $278.8 million . As of December 31, 2017 , excluding the KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. Series A Debentures, the fair value of our fixed rate debt was $32.3 million and the outstanding principal balance of our fixed rate debt was $30.7 million . The fair value estimate of our KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. Series A Debentures was calculated using the quoted bond price as of December 31, 2017 on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange of 106.20 Israeli new Shekels. The fair value estimate of our fixed rate debt was calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis utilizing rates we would expect to pay for debt of a similar type and remaining maturity if the loans were originated as of December 31, 2017 . As we expect to hold our fixed rate instruments to maturity and the amounts due under such instruments would be limited to the outstanding principal balance and any accrued and unpaid interest, we do not expect that fluctuations in interest rates, and the resulting changes in fair value of our fixed rate instruments, would have a significant impact on our operations.

Conversely, movements in interest rates on variable rate debt would change our future earnings and cash flows, but would not significantly affect the fair value of those instruments. However, changes in required risk premiums would result in changes in the fair value of floating rate instruments. As of December 31, 2017 , we were exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on $302.2 million of variable rate debt outstanding. As of December 31, 2017 , we had entered into an interest rate cap with a notional amount of $46.9 million that effectively limits one-month LIBOR at 3.0% effective February 21, 2017 through February 13, 2020 . Based on interest rates as of December 31, 2017 , if interest rates were 100 basis points higher or lower during the 12 months ending December 31, 2018 , interest expense on our variable rate debt would increase or decrease, respectively, by $3.0 million .

The weighted-average interest rates of our fixed rate debt and variable rate debt as of December 31, 2017 were 4.3% and 3.6% , respectively. The interest rate and weighted-average interest rate represent the actual interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2017 (consisting of the contractual interest rate and the effect of contractual floor rates, if applicable), using interest rate indices as of December 31, 2017 where applicable.

For a discussion of the interest rate risks related to the current capital and credit markets, see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”


ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

See the Index to Financial Statements at page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.


ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon, and as of the date of, the evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act.

In connection with the preparation of our Form 10-K, our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 . In making that assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).

Based on its assessment, our management believes that, as of December 31, 2017 , our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION

As of the year ended December 31, 2017 , all items required to be disclosed under Form 8-K were reported under Form 8-K.

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PART III


ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Code of Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our executive officers and directors, including but not limited to, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer. Our Code of Conduct and Ethics can be found at http://www.kbsstrategicopportunityreit.com .

The other information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our 2018 annual meeting of stockholders (the “ 2018 Proxy Statement”).


ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from our 2018 Proxy Statement.


ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from our 2018 Proxy Statement.


ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from our 2018 Proxy Statement.


ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from our 2018 Proxy Statement.

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PART IV


ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) Financial Statement Schedules

See the Index to Financial Statements at page F-1 of this report.

The following financial statement schedule is included herein at pages F-46 through F-47 of this report:

Schedule III - Real Estate Assets and Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization

(b) Exhibits



Ex.		Description

3.1		Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 4, 2010

3.2		Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 17, 2016

4.1		Statement regarding restrictions on transferability of shares of common stock (to appear on stock certificate or to be sent upon request and without charge to stockholders issued shares without certificates), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, Commission File No. 333-156633

4.2		Fifth Amended and Restated Dividend Reinvestment Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2015, filed May 14, 2015

10.1		110 William Street Building Loan Agreement dated as of March 6, 2017, by and between 110 William Property Investors III, LLC and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2017, filed May 12, 2017

10.2		Consolidated, Amended and Restated Senior Loan Mortgage, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing dated as of March 6, 2017, by and between 110 William Property Investors III, LLC and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2017, filed May 12, 2017

10.3		Consolidated, Amended and Restated Senior Loan Promissory Note dated March 6, 2017, by and between 110 William Property Investors III, LLC and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2017, filed May 12, 2017

10.4		Senior Mezzanine Pledge and Security Agreement dated as of March 6, 2017, by and between 110 William Mezz III, LLC and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2017, filed May 12, 2017

10.5		Senior Mezzanine Promissory Note dated March 6, 2017, by and between 110 William Mezz III, LLC and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2017, filed May 12, 2017

10.6		Junior Mezzanine Pledge and Security Agreement dated as of March 6, 2017, by and between 110 William Junior Mezz III, LLC and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2017, filed May 12, 2017

10.7		Junior Mezzanine Promissory Note dated March 6, 2017, by and between 110 William Junior Mezz III, LLC and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2017, filed May 12, 2017

10.8		Waiver of Fees for 353 Sacramento, dated as of July 6, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the six months ended June 30, 2017, filed August 11, 2017

10.9		Investment Agreement by and among Migdal Insurance Company Ltd., Migdal-Makefet Pension and Provident, Funds Ltd, KBS SOR Properties, LLC, and Willowbrook Asset Management LLC, dated as of July 6, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the six months ended June 30, 2017, filed August 11, 2017

10.10		Letter Agreement by and between the Company and KBS Capital Advisors LLC, dated as of July 6, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 11, 2017

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Ex.		Description

10.11		Advisory Agreement, by and between the Company and KBS Capital Advisors LLC, dated October 8, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, filed November 14, 2017

10.12		Portfolio Purchase Agreement and Sale Agreement with respect to Singapore real estate investment trust, dated October 24, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, Commission File No. 333-214819, filed February 9, 2018

10.13		Underwriting Agreement with respect to Singapore real estate investment trust, dated November 2, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, Commission File No. 333-214819, filed February 9, 2018

10.14		Unit Lending Agreement with respect to Singapore real estate investment trust, dated November 2, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, Commission File No. 333-214819, filed February 9, 2018

10.15		Lock-up Letter from KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. with respect to Singapore real estate investment trust, dated November 2, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, Commission File No. 333-214819, filed February 9, 2018

10.16		Lock-up Letter from KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings Ltd. with respect to Singapore real estate investment trust, dated November 2, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, Commission File No. 333-214819, filed February 9, 2018

10.17		Lock-up Letter from KBS Strategic Opportunity Limited Partnership with respect to Singapore real estate investment trust, dated November 2, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, Commission File No. 333-214819, filed February 9, 2018

10.18		Lock-up Letter from KBS SOR Properties LLC with respect to Singapore real estate investment trust, dated November 2, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, Commission File No. 333-214819, filed February 9, 2018

10.19		Sponsor Subscription Agreement for Units in Singapore real estate investment trust, dated October 25, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, Commission File No. 333-214819, filed February 9, 2018

10.20		Purchase and Sale Agreement between DOF II City Tower LLC and KBS Capital Advisors LLC, dated January 17, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, Commission File No. 333-214819, filed February 9, 2018

10.21		Assignment and Assumption of Purchase Agreement between KBS Capital Advisors LLC and KBS SOR City Center, LLC, dated February 1, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, Commission File No. 333-214819, filed February 9, 2018

21.1		Subsidiaries of the Company

23.1		Consent of Ernst & Young LLP

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as Adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as Adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

99.1		Tenth Amended and Restated Share Redemption Program, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 15, 2016

99.3		Consent of Duff & Phelps, LLC

99.4		Consent of Newmark Knight Frank Valuation & Advisory, LLC

Table of Contents



Ex.		Description

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

Table of Contents

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016	F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	F-5
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-8

Financial Statement Schedule
Schedule III - Real Estate Assets and Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	F-46

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

F-1

Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of

KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017 , and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a), Schedule III - Real Estate Assets and Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017 , in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2008.

Irvine, California

March 9, 2018

F-2

Table of Contents

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)



	December 31,
	2017			2016
Assets
Real estate held for investment, net	$	532,867		$	537,090
Real estate held for sale, net	—			569,941
Real estate equity securities, net	90,063			—
Real estate debt securities, net	17,751			4,683
Total real estate and real estate-related investments, net	640,681			1,111,714
Cash and cash equivalents	366,512			40,432
Restricted cash	10,670			24,018
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures	55,577			75,849
Rents and other receivables, net	9,821			6,932
Above-market leases, net	131			204
Prepaid expenses and other assets	18,182			15,794
Assets related to real estate held for sale, net	—			35,173
Total assets	$	1,101,574		$	1,310,116
Liabilities and equity
Notes and bonds payable, net
Notes and bonds payable related to real estate held for investment, net	603,043			573,928
Notes payable related to real estate held for sale, net	—			376,696
Total notes and bonds payable, net	603,043			950,624
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	16,686			26,624
Due to affiliate	26			55
Distribution payable	187,914			—
Below-market leases, net	2,843			5,088
Liabilities related to real estate held for sale, net	—			1,463
Other liabilities	16,966			18,095
Redeemable common stock payable	8,595			12,617
Total liabilities	836,073			1,014,566
Commitments and contingencies (Note 1 5 )
Redeemable common stock	4,518			—
Equity
KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Common stock, $.01 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 52,053,817 and 56,775,767 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively	521			568
Additional paid-in capital	388,800			455,373
Accumulated other comprehensive income	25,146			—
Cumulative distributions and net income	(155,454		)	(162,289		)
Total KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. stockholders’ equity	259,013			293,652
Noncontrolling interests	1,970			1,898
Total equity	260,983			295,550
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,101,574		$	1,310,116

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-3

Table of Contents

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)



	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Revenues:
Rental income	$	110,690		$	106,330		$	88,543
Tenant reimbursements	21,710			20,762			18,313
Other operating income	4,001			3,387			3,304
Interest income from real estate debt securities	1,782			110			—
Dividend income from real estate equity securities	2,531			—			—
Interest income from real estate loan receivable	—			3,655			1,968
Total revenues	140,714			134,244			112,128
Expenses:
Operating, maintenance, and management	42,611			41,906			37,512
Real estate taxes and insurance	17,404			16,887			14,565
Asset management fees to affiliate	10,686			9,628			8,348
Real estate acquisition fees to affiliate	—			2,964			—
Real estate acquisition fees and expenses	—			543			—
General and administrative expenses	6,138			5,781			3,246
Foreign currency transaction loss , net	15,298			2,997			—
Depreciation and amortization	53,446			52,051			44,739
Interest expense	37,149			29,249			14,986
Total expenses	182,732			162,006			123,396
Other income (loss):
Income from unconsolidated joint venture	2,073			—			—
Other interest income	1,105			44			18
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures	(6,037		)	(1,408		)	(368		)
Gain on sale of real estate	255,935			—			13,665
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(478		)	—			—
Other income	—			—			5,085
Total other income (loss) , net	252,598			(1,364		)	18,400
Net income (loss)	210,580			(29,126		)	7,132
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	64			208			(4,688		)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	210,644		$	(28,918	)	$	2,444
Net income (loss) per common share, basic and diluted	$	3.77		$	(0.50	)	$	0.04
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	55,829,708			58,273,335			59,656,667

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-4

Table of Contents

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands)



	Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016			2015
Net income (loss)	$	210,580	$	(29,126	)	$	7,132
Other comprehensive income :
Unrealized gain on real estate securities	25,146		—			—
Total other comprehensive income	25,146		—			—
Total comprehensive income (loss)	235,726		(29,126		)	7,132
Total comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	64		208			(4,688		)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	235,790	$	(28,918	)	$	2,444

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-5

Table of Contents

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(dollars in thousands)



						Additional Paid-in Capital			Cumulative Distributions and Net Income			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
	Common Stock
	Shares		Amounts
Balance, December 31, 2014	60,044,329		$	600		$	524,489		$	(91,691	)	$	—	$	433,398		$	16,738		$	450,136
Net income	—		—			—			2,444			—		2,444			4,688			7,132
Issuance of common stock	1,114,532		11			13,562			—			—		13,573			—			13,573
Transfers to redeemable common stock	—		—			(3,663		)	—			—		(3,663		)	—			(3,663		)
Redemptions of common stock	(2,462,746	)	(24		)	(30,076		)	—			—		(30,100		)	—			(30,100		)
Distributions declared	—		—			—			(22,280		)	—		(22,280		)	—			(22,280		)
Other offering costs						(9		)	—			—		(9		)	—			(9		)
Noncontrolling interests contributions	—		—			—			—			—		—			1,343			1,343
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—		—			—			—			—		—			(7,342		)	(7,342		)
Balance, December 31, 2015	58,696,115		$	587		$	504,303		$	(111,527	)	$	—	$	393,363		$	15,427		$	408,790
Net loss	—		—			—			(28,918		)	—		(28,918		)	(208		)	(29,126		)
Issuance of common stock	938,662		9			12,607			—			—		12,616			—			12,616
Transfers from redeemable common stock	—		—			957			—			—		957			—			957
Redemptions of common stock	(2,859,010	)	(28		)	(38,545		)	—			—		(38,573		)	—			(38,573		)
Distributions declared	—		—			—			(21,844		)	—		(21,844		)	—			(21,844		)
Acquisitions of noncontrolling interests	—		—			(23,942		)	—			—		(23,942		)	(14,044		)	(37,986		)
Other offering costs	—		—			(7		)	—			—		(7		)	—			(7		)
Noncontrolling interests contributions	—		—			—			—			—		—			803			803
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—			—			—			—		—			(80		)	(80		)
Balance, December 31, 2016	56,775,767		$	568		$	455,373		$	(162,289	)	$	—	$	293,652		$	1,898		$	295,550
Net income (loss)	—		—			—			210,644			—		210,644			(64		)	210,580
Other comprehensive income	—		—			—			—			25,146		25,146			—			25,146
Issuance of common stock	585,192		6			8,660			—			—		8,666			—			8,666
Transfers to redeemable common stock	—		—			(498		)	—			—		(498		)	—			(498		)
Redemptions of common stock	(5,307,142	)	(53		)	(74,727		)	—			—		(74,780		)	—			(74,780		)
Distributions declared	—		—			—			(203,809		)	—		(203,809		)	—			(203,809		)
Other offering costs	—		—			(8		)	—			—		(8		)	—			(8		)
Noncontrolling interests contributions	—		—			—			—			—		—			158			158
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—			—			—			—		—			(22		)	(22		)
Balance, December 31, 2017	52,053,817		$	521		$	388,800		$	(155,454	)	$	25,146	$	259,013		$	1,970		$	260,983

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

Table of Contents

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)



	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$	210,580		$	(29,126	)	$	7,132
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Loss due to property damages	668			1,938			2,260
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures	6,037			1,408			368
Depreciation and amortization	53,446			52,051			44,739
Non-cash interest income on real estate related investments	—			—			(428		)
Gain on sale of real estate	(255,935		)	—			(13,665		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	478			—			—
Other income	—			—			(5,085		)
Unrealized loss on interest rate caps	105			3			—
Deferred rent	(2,416		)	(3,084		)	(4,499		)
Bad debt expense	724			875			331
Amortization of above- and below-market leases, net	(2,575		)	(2,330		)	(645		)
Amortization of deferred financing costs	4,363			4,289			2,703
Interest accretion on real estate debt securities	(565		)	(47		)	—
Net amortization of discount and (premium) on bond and notes payable	49			38			25
Foreign currency transaction loss , net	15,298			2,997			—
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Rents and other receivables	(1,810		)	(2,128		)	(1,126		)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(5,995		)	(8,498		)	(7,884		)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(4,270		)	5,809			595
Due to affiliates	(29		)	(4		)	59
Other liabilities	(4,721		)	2,465			975
Net cash provided by operating activities	13,432			26,656			25,855
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Acquisitions of real estate	(165,465		)	(293,831		)	—
Improvements to real estate	(41,224		)	(30,581		)	(35,548		)
Proceeds from sales of real estate, net	872,091			—			38,772
Escrow deposits for future real estate purchases	—			(2,000		)	—
Principal proceeds from assignment of real estate loan receivable	—			27,850			—
Proceeds from condemnation proceeds	—			—			5,915
Insurance proceeds received for property damages	744			2,453			894
Purchase of interest rate cap	(107		)	(15		)	—
Purchase of foreign currency option	(3,434		)	—			—
Proceeds from termination of foreign currency collars	6,557			—			—
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture	—			(2,820		)	(2,760		)
Distribution of capital from unconsolidated joint venture	59,800			—			—
Investment in real estate equity securities	(43,308		)	—			—
Investment in real estate debt securities, net	(12,514		)	(4,625		)	—
Proceeds for future development obligations	1,367			—			—
Funding of development obligations	(1,184		)	(2,926		)	(515		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	673,323			(306,495		)	6,758
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from notes and bonds payable	187,204			564,336			61,189
Principal payments on notes and bonds payable	(477,089		)	(154,802		)	(40,631		)
Payments of deferred financing costs	(2,396		)	(12,377		)	(826		)
Payments to redeem common stock	(74,780		)	(38,573		)	(30,100		)
Payment of prepaid other offering costs	(480		)	(865		)	(9		)
Distributions paid	(7,229		)	(9,228		)	(8,707		)
Noncontrolling interests contributions	158			803			1,343
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(22		)	(80		)	(7,342		)
Acquisitions of noncontrolling interests	—			(37,986		)	—
Other financing proceeds, net	—			647			—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(374,634		)	311,875			(25,083		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	611			3,549			—
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	312,732			35,585			7,530
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	64,450			28,865			21,335
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	377,182		$	64,450		$	28,865

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-7

Table of Contents

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2017


1.	ORGANIZATION

KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) was formed on October 8, 2008 as a Maryland corporation and elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2010. The Company conducts its business primarily through KBS Strategic Opportunity (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. (“KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI”), a private company limited by shares according to the British Virgin Islands Business Companies Act, 2004, which was incorporated on December 18, 2015 and is authorized to issue a maximum of 50,000 common shares with no par value. Upon incorporation, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI issued one certificate containing 10,000 common shares with no par value to KBS Strategic Opportunity Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), a Delaware limited partnership formed on December 10, 2008. The Company is the sole general partner of, and owns a 0.1% partnership interest in, the Operating Partnership. KBS Strategic Opportunity Holdings LLC (“REIT Holdings”), a Delaware limited liability company formed on December 9, 2008, owns the remaining 99.9% interest in the Operating Partnership and is its sole limited partner. The Company is the sole member and manager of REIT Holdings.

Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, the business of the Company is externally managed by KBS Capital Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”), an affiliate of the Company, pursuant to an advisory agreement the Company renewed with the Advisor on October 8, 2017 (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Advisor conducts the Company’s operations and manages its portfolio of real estate, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments.

On January 8, 2009, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-11 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to offer a minimum of 250,000 shares and a maximum of 140,000,000 shares of common stock for sale to the public (the “Offering”), of which 100,000,000 shares were registered in a primary offering and 40,000,000 shares were registered to be sold under the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan. The SEC declared the Company’s registration statement effective on November 20, 2009. The Company ceased offering shares of common stock in its primary offering on November 14, 2012 and continues to offer shares under its dividend reinvestment plan.

The Company sold 56,584,976 shares of common stock in its primary offering for gross offering proceeds of $561.7 million . As of December 31, 2017 , the Company had sold 6,620,362 shares of common stock under its dividend reinvestment plan for gross offering proceeds of $74.0 million . Also, as of December 31, 2017 , the Company had redeemed 11,447,764 shares for $151.8 million . Additionally, on December 29, 2011 and October 23, 2012, the Company issued 220,994 shares and 55,249 shares of common stock, respectively, for $2.0 million and $0.5 million , respectively, in private transactions exempt from the registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.

On March 2, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI filed a final prospectus with the Israel Securities Authority for a proposed offering of up to 1,000,000,000 Israeli new Shekels of Series A debentures (the “Debentures”) at an annual interest rate not to exceed 4.25% . On March 1, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the institutional tender of the Debentures and accepted application for 842.5 million Israeli new Shekels. On March 7, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the public tender of the Debentures and accepted 127.7 million Israeli new Shekels. In the aggregate, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI accepted 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $249.2 million as of March 8, 2016 ) in both the institutional and public tenders at an annual interest rate of 4.25% . KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI issued the Debentures on March 8, 2016. The terms of the Debentures require principal installment payments equal to 20% of the face value of the Debentures on March 1st of each year from 2019 to 2023.

In connection with the above-referenced offering, on March 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership assigned to KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI all of its interests in the subsidiaries through which the Company indirectly owns all of its real estate and real estate-related investments. The Operating Partnership owns all of the issued and outstanding equity of KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI. As a result of these transactions, the Company now holds all of its real estate and real estate-related investments indirectly through KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI.

As of December 31, 2017 , the Company consolidated four office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings, one retail property, two apartment properties, three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,100 developable acres. The Company also owned three investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, an investment in real estate debt securities and two investments in real estate equity securities.

F-8

Table of Contents

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017


2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, REIT Holdings, the Operating Partnership, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI and their direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, and joint ventures in which the Company has a controlling interest. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as contained within the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the Company’s prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have not changed the results of operations of the prior period. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company disposed of 12 office properties. As a result, certain assets and liabilities were reclassified to held for sale on the consolidated balance sheets for all periods presented.

Revenue Recognition

Real Estate

The Company recognizes minimum rent, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases when collectibility is reasonably assured and records amounts expected to be received in later years as deferred rent receivable. If the lease provides for tenant improvements, the Company determines whether the tenant improvements, for accounting purposes, are owned by the tenant or the Company. When the Company is the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the physical use of the leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed. When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement allowance (including amounts that can be taken in the form of cash or a credit against the tenant’s rent) that is funded is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of revenue over the lease term. Tenant improvement ownership is determined based on various factors including, but not limited to:


•	whether the lease stipulates how a tenant improvement allowance may be spent;


•	whether the amount of a tenant improvement allowance is in excess of market rates;


•	whether the tenant or landlord retains legal title to the improvements at the end of the lease term;


•	whether the tenant improvements are unique to the tenant or general-purpose in nature; and


•	whether the tenant improvements are expected to have any residual value at the end of the lease.

The Company records property operating expense reimbursements due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and other recoverable costs in the period the related expenses are incurred.

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The Company makes estimates of the collectibility of its tenant receivables related to base rents, including deferred rent, expense reimbursements and other revenue or income. Management specifically analyzes accounts receivable, deferred rents receivable, historical bad debts, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, with respect to tenants in bankruptcy, management makes estimates of the expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims in assessing the estimated collectibility of the related receivable. In some cases, the ultimate resolution of these claims can exceed one year. When a tenant is in bankruptcy, the Company will record a bad debt reserve for the tenant’s receivable balance and generally will not recognize subsequent rental revenue until cash is received or until the tenant is no longer in bankruptcy and has the ability to make rental payments.

Real Estate Loans Receivable

Interest income on the Company’s real estate loans receivable is recognized on an accrual basis over the life of the investment using the interest method. Direct loan origination or acquisition fees and costs, as well as acquisition premiums or discounts, are amortized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest income. The Company places loans on non-accrual status when any portion of principal or interest is 90 days past due, or earlier when concern exists as to the ultimate collection of principal or interest. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, the Company reserves for any unpaid accrued interest and generally does not recognize subsequent interest income until cash is received, or the loan returns to accrual status. The Company will resume the accrual of interest if it determines the collection of interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan, is probable.

The Company generally recognizes income on impaired loans on either a cash basis, where interest income is only recorded when received in cash, or on a cost-recovery basis, where all cash receipts are applied against the carrying value of the loan. The Company considers the collectibility of the loan’s principal balance in determining whether to recognize income on impaired loans on a cash basis or a cost-recovery basis.

The Company will recognize interest income on loans purchased at discounts to face value where the Company expects to collect less than the contractual amounts due under the loan when that expectation is due, at least in part, to the credit quality of the borrower. Income is recognized at an interest rate equivalent to the estimated yield on the loan, as calculated using the carrying value of the loan and the expected cash flows. Changes in estimated cash flows are recognized through an adjustment to the yield on the loan on a prospective basis. Projecting cash flows for these types of loans requires a significant amount of assumptions and judgment, which may have a significant impact on the amount and timing of revenue recognized on these investments. The Company recognizes interest income on non-performing loans on a cash basis or cost-recovery basis since these loans generally do not have an estimated yield and collection of principal and interest is not assured.

Real Estate Debt Securities

Interest income on the Company’s real estate debt securities is recognized on an accrual basis over the life of the investment using the interest method. Direct origination or acquisition fees and costs, as well as acquisition premiums or discounts, are amortized over the term of the securities as an adjustment to interest income. Income is recognized at an interest rate equivalent to the estimated yield on the real estate debt security, as calculated using the carrying value of the real estate debt security and the expected cash flows. Changes in estimated cash flows are recognized through an adjustment to the yield on the real estate debt security on a prospective basis. Projecting cash flows for these types of real estate debt securities requires a significant amount of assumptions and judgment, which may have a significant impact on the amount and timing of revenue recognized on these investments. The Company places real estate debt securities on nonaccrual status when any portion of principal or interest is 90 days past due, or earlier when concern exists as to the ultimate collection of principal or interest. When a real estate debt security is placed on nonaccrual status, the Company reserves for any unpaid accrued interest and generally does not recognize subsequent interest income until cash is received, or the real estate debt security returns to accrual status. The Company will resume the accrual of interest if it determines that the collection of interest, according to the contractual terms of the real estate debt security, is probable.

Real Estate Equity Securities

Dividend income from real estate equity securities is recognized on an accrual basis based on eligible shares as of the ex-dividend date.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company recognizes interest income on its cash and cash equivalents as it is earned and records such amounts as other interest income.

Real Estate

Depreciation and Amortization

Real estate costs related to the acquisition and improvement of properties are capitalized and amortized over the expected useful life of the asset on a straight-line basis. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred and significant replacements and betterments are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs include all costs that do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset. The Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful life. Expenditures for tenant improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the tenant’s lease term or expected useful life. The Company anticipates the estimated useful lives of its assets by class to be generally as follows:



Buildings	25-40 years
Building improvements	10-40 years
Tenant improvements	Shorter of lease term or expected useful life
Tenant origination and absorption costs	Remaining term of related leases, including below-market renewal periods

Real Estate Acquisition Valuation

As a result of the Company’s early adoption of ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, acquisitions of real estate beginning January 1, 2017 could qualify as asset acquisitions (as opposed to business combinations). The Company records the acquisition of income-producing real estate or real estate that will be used for the production of income as a business combination or an asset acquisition. If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired are concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, then the set is not a business. For purposes of this test, land and buildings can be combined along with the intangible assets for any in-place leases and accordingly, most acquisitions of investment properties would not meet the definition of a business and would be accounted for as an asset acquisition. To be considered a business, a set must include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contributes to the ability to create an output. All assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at their acquisition-date fair values. For asset acquisitions, the cost of the acquisition is allocated to individual assets and liabilities on a relative fair value basis. Acquisition costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred. Acquisition costs associated with asset acquisitions are capitalized.

The Company assesses the acquisition date fair values of all tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers, generally utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis that applies appropriate discount and/or capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors, including historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions. The fair value of tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant.

The Company records above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based on the present value (using a discount that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of above-market in-place leases and for the initial term plus any extended term for any leases with below-market renewal options. The Company amortizes any recorded above-market or below-market lease values as a reduction or increase, respectively, to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective lease, including any below-market renewal periods.

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The Company estimates the value of tenant origination and absorption costs by considering the estimated carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease up periods, considering current market conditions. In estimating carrying costs, the Company includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods.

The Company amortizes the value of tenant origination and absorption costs to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining non-cancelable term of the leases.

Estimates of the fair values of the tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities require the Company to make significant assumptions to estimate market lease rates, property-operating expenses, carrying costs during lease-up periods, discount rates, market absorption periods, and the number of years the property will be held for investment.

Direct investments in undeveloped land or properties without leases in place at the time of acquisition are accounted for as an asset acquisition and not as a business combination. Acquisition fees and expenses are capitalized into the cost basis of an asset acquisition. Additionally, during the time in which the Company is incurring costs necessary to bring these investments to their intended use, certain costs such as legal fees, real estate taxes and insurance and financing costs are also capitalized.

Impairment of Real Estate and Related Intangible Assets and Liabilities

The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amounts of its real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities may not be recoverable or realized. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities may not be recoverable, the Company assesses the recoverability by estimating whether the Company will recover the carrying value of the real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities through its undiscounted future cash flows and its eventual disposition. If, based on this analysis, the Company does not believe that it will be able to recover the carrying value of the real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities, the Company would record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities. The Company did not record any impairment losses on its real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 .

Projecting future cash flows involves estimating expected future operating income and expenses related to the real estate and its related intangible assets and liabilities as well as market and other trends. Using inappropriate assumptions to estimate cash flows could result in incorrect fair values of the real estate and its related intangible assets and liabilities and could result in the overstatement of the carrying values of the Company’s real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities and an overstatement of its net income.

Insurance Proceeds for Property Damages

The Company maintains an insurance policy that provides coverage for property damages and business interruption. Losses due to physical damages are recognized during the accounting period in which they occur, while the amount of monetary assets to be received from the insurance policy is recognized when receipt of insurance recoveries is probable. Losses, which are reduced by the related probable insurance recoveries, are recorded as operating, maintenance and management expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Anticipated proceeds in excess of recognized losses would be considered a gain contingency and recognized when the contingency related to the insurance claim has been resolved. Anticipated recoveries for lost rental revenue due to property damages are also considered to be a gain contingency and recognized when the contingency related to the insurance claim has been resolved.

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Real Estate Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

The Company generally considers real estate to be “held for sale” when the following criteria are met: (i) management commits to a plan to sell the property, (ii) the property is available for sale immediately, (iii) the property is actively being marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, (iv) the sale of the property within one year is considered probable and (v) significant changes to the plan to sell are not expected. Real estate that is held for sale and its related assets are classified as “real estate held for sale” and “assets related to real estate held for sale,” respectively, for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Notes payable and other liabilities related to real estate held for sale are classified as “notes payable related to real estate held for sale” and “liabilities related to real estate held for sale,” respectively, for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Real estate classified as held for sale is no longer depreciated and is reported at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. Operating results of properties and related gains on sale that were disposed of or classified as held for sale in the ordinary course of business during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 that had not been classified as held for sale in financial statements prior to January 1, 2014 are included in continuing operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Real Estate Loans Receivable and Loan Loss Reserves

The Company’s real estate loans receivable are recorded at amortized cost, net of loan loss reserves (if any), and evaluated for impairment at each balance sheet date. The amortized cost of a real estate loan receivable is the outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts and unamortized costs and fees directly associated with the origination or acquisition of the loan. The amount of impairment, if any, will be measured by comparing the amortized cost of the loan to the present value of the expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent and collection of principal and interest is not assured. If a loan is deemed to be impaired, the Company will record a loan loss reserve and a provision for loan losses to recognize impairment. As of December 31, 2017 , there was no loan loss reserve and the Company did not record any impairment losses related to its real estate loans receivable during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 .

The reserve for loan losses is a valuation allowance that reflects management’s estimate of loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The reserve is adjusted through “Provision for loan losses” on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and is decreased by charge-offs to specific loans when losses are confirmed. The Company considers a loan to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it believes that it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. If the Company purchases a loan at a discount to face value and at the acquisition date the Company expects to collect less than the contractual amounts due under the terms of the loan based, at least in part, on the Company’s assessment of the credit quality of the borrower, the Company will consider such a loan to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it believes that it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts the Company estimated to be collected at the time of acquisition. The Company also considers a loan to be impaired if it grants the borrower a concession through a modification of the loan terms or if it expects to receive assets (including equity interests in the borrower) with fair values that are less than the carrying value of the loan in satisfaction of the loan. A reserve is established when the present value of payments expected to be received, observable market prices, the estimated fair value of the collateral (for loans that are dependent on the collateral for repayment) or amounts expected to be received in satisfaction of a loan are lower than the carrying value of that loan.

Failure to recognize impairments would result in the overstatement of earnings and the carrying value of the Company’s real estate loans held for investment. Actual losses, if any, could significantly differ from estimated amounts.

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Real Estate Debt Securities

The Company classifies its investment in real estate debt securities as held to maturity as the Company has the intent and ability to hold this investment until maturity. The Company’s real estate debt securities are recorded at amortized cost, net of other-than-temporary impairment (if any), and evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment at each balance sheet date. The amortized cost of a real estate debt security is the outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts and unamortized costs and fees directly associated with the origination or acquisition of the real estate debt security. The amount of other-than-temporary impairment, if any, will be measured by comparing the amortized cost of the real estate debt security to the present value of the expected cash flows discounted at the real estate debt security’s effective interest rate, the real estate debt security’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the real estate debt security is collateral dependent and collection of principal and interest is not assured. If a real estate debt security is deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, the Company will record an other-than-temporary impairment on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company did not record any other-than-temporary impairment losses related to its real estate debt securities during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 .

Real Estate Equity Securities

The Company determines the appropriate classification for real estate equity securities at acquisition (on the trade date) and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company classified its investments in real estate equity securities as available-for-sale as the Company intends to hold the securities for the purpose of collecting dividend income and for longer term price appreciation. These investments are carried at their estimated fair value based on quoted market prices for the security, net of any discounts for restrictions on the sale of the security. Any discount for lack of marketability is estimated using an option pricing model. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of real estate equity securities are capitalized to its cost basis. Unrealized gains and losses are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Upon the sale of a security, the previously recognized unrealized gain (loss) would be reversed out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and the actual realized gain (loss) recognized in earnings.

Any non-temporary decline in the market value of an available-for-sale real estate equity security below cost results in a reduction in the carrying amount to fair value. The impairment is charged to earnings and a new cost basis for the real estate equity security is established. When a real estate equity security is impaired, the Company considers whether it has the ability and intent to hold the investment for a time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value and considers whether evidence indicating the cost of the investment being recoverable outweighs evidence to the contrary. Evidence considered in this assessment includes the reasons for the impairment, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in value subsequent to period end and forecasted performance of the investee.

Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

Equity Method

The Company accounts for investments in unconsolidated joint venture entities in which the Company may exercise significant influence over, but does not control, using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted to reflect additional contributions or distributions and the Company’s proportionate share of equity in the joint venture’s income (loss). The Company recognizes its proportionate share of the ongoing income or loss of the unconsolidated joint venture as equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint venture on the consolidated statements of operations. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates its investment in an unconsolidated joint venture for other-than-temporary impairments. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company did not identify any indicators of impairment related to its unconsolidated real estate joint ventures accounted for under the equity method.

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Cost Method

The Company accounts for investments in unconsolidated joint venture entities in which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence and has virtually no influence over partnership operating and financial policies using the cost method of accounting. Under the cost method, income distributions from the partnership are recognized in other income. Distributions that exceed the Company’s share of earnings are applied to reduce the carrying value of the Company’s investment and any capital contributions will increase the carrying value of the Company’s investment. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates its cost method investment in an unconsolidated joint venture for other-than-temporary impairments. The fair value of a cost method investment is not estimated if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that would indicate a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company did not identify any indicators of impairment related to its unconsolidated real estate joint venture accounted for under the cost method.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents may include cash and short-term investments. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. There were no restrictions on the use of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 .

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents balance exceeded federally insurable limits as of December 31, 2017 . The Company monitors the cash balances in its operating accounts and adjusts the cash balances as appropriate; however, these cash balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail or are subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. To date, the Company has experienced no loss or lack of access to cash in its operating accounts.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash is comprised of lender impound reserve accounts on the Company’s borrowings for security deposits, property taxes, insurance, debt service obligations and capital improvements and replacements.

Rents and Other Receivables

The Company periodically evaluates the collectibility of amounts due from tenants and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants to make required payments under lease agreements. In addition, the Company maintains an allowance for deferred rent receivable that arises from the straight-lining of rents. The Company exercises judgment in establishing these allowances and considers payment history and current credit status of its tenants in developing these estimates.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, loan fees, legal fees and other third-party costs associated with obtaining financing and are presented on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability. These costs are amortized over the terms of the respective financing agreements using the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are generally expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity unless specific rules are met that would allow for the carryover of such costs to the refinanced debt. Deferred financing costs incurred before an associated debt liability is recognized are included in prepaid and other assets on the balance sheet. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions that do not close are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close.

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Fair Value Measurements

Under GAAP, the Company is required to measure certain financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. In addition, the Company is required to measure other non-financial and financial assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis (e.g., carrying value of impaired real estate loans receivable and long-lived assets). Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The GAAP fair value framework uses a three-tiered approach. Fair value measurements are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:


•	Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities;


•	Level 2: quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and


•	Level 3: prices or valuation techniques where little or no market data is available that requires inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

When available, the Company utilizes quoted market prices from an independent third-party source to determine fair value and classifies such items in Level 1 or Level 2. In instances where the market for a financial instrument is not active, regardless of the availability of a nonbinding quoted market price, observable inputs might not be relevant and could require the Company to make a significant adjustment to derive a fair value measurement. Additionally, in an inactive market, a market price quoted from an independent third party may rely more on models with inputs based on information available only to that independent third party. When the Company determines that the market for a financial instrument owned by the Company is illiquid or when market transactions for similar instruments do not appear orderly, the Company uses several valuation sources (including internal valuations, discounted cash flow analysis and quoted market prices) and establishes a fair value by assigning weights to the various valuation sources. Additionally, when determining the fair value of liabilities in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for an identical liability is not available, the Company measures fair value using (i) a valuation technique that uses the quoted price of the identical liability when traded as an asset or quoted prices for similar liabilities when traded as assets or (ii) another valuation technique that is consistent with the principles of fair value measurement, such as the income approach or the market approach.

The Company considers the following factors to be indicators of an inactive market: (i) there are few recent transactions, (ii) price quotations are not based on current information, (iii) price quotations vary substantially either over time or among market makers (for example, some brokered markets), (iv) indexes that previously were highly correlated with the fair values of the asset or liability are demonstrably uncorrelated with recent indications of fair value for that asset or liability, (v) there is a significant increase in implied liquidity risk premiums, yields, or performance indicators (such as delinquency rates or loss severities) for observed transactions or quoted prices when compared with the Company’s estimate of expected cash flows, considering all available market data about credit and other nonperformance risk for the asset or liability, (vi) there is a wide bid-ask spread or significant increase in the bid-ask spread, (vii) there is a significant decline or absence of a market for new issuances (that is, a primary market) for the asset or liability or similar assets or liabilities, and (viii) little information is released publicly (for example, a principal-to-principal market).

The Company considers the following factors to be indicators of non-orderly transactions: (i) there was not adequate exposure to the market for a period before the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets or liabilities under current market conditions, (ii) there was a usual and customary marketing period, but the seller marketed the asset or liability to a single market participant, (iii) the seller is in or near bankruptcy or receivership (that is, distressed), or the seller was required to sell to meet regulatory or legal requirements (that is, forced), and (iv) the transaction price is an outlier when compared with other recent transactions for the same or similar assets or liabilities.

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Dividend Reinvestment Plan

The Company has adopted a dividend reinvestment plan (the “DRP”) through which future common stockholders may elect to reinvest an amount equal to the distributions declared on their shares in additional shares of the Company’s common stock in lieu of receiving cash distributions. On March 25, 2014, the Company’s board of directors approved a fourth amended and restated dividend reinvestment plan (the “Fourth Amended DRP”). The Fourth Amended DRP became effective for purchases under the plan on or after April 6, 2014. Pursuant to the Fourth Amended DRP, the purchase price of shares of the Company’s common stock is equal to 95% of the most recently announced estimated value per share of the Company’s common stock. Prior to April 6, 2014 (the effective date of the Fourth Amended DRP), the purchase price per share under the DRP was $9.50 .

On December 9, 2014, the Company’s board of directors approved an estimated value per share of the Company’s common stock of $12.24 (unaudited) based on the estimated value of the Company’s assets less the estimated value of the Company’s liabilities, or net asset value, divided by the number of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2014. Commencing December 21, 2014, the purchase price per share under the DRP was $11.63 .

On May 12, 2015, the Company’s board of directors adopted a fifth amended and restated dividend reinvestment plan (the “Fifth Amended DRP”). Pursuant to the Fifth Amended DRP, shares may be purchased at a price equal to the estimated value per share most recently announced in a public filing. There were no other changes to the Fifth Amended DRP, which became effective on July 1, 2015.

On December 8, 2015, the Company’s board of directors approved an estimated value per share of the Company’s common stock of $13.44 (unaudited) based on the estimated value of the Company’s assets less the estimated value of the Company’s liabilities, or net asset value, divided by the number of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2015. Commencing December 20, 2015, the purchase price per share under the DRP was $13.44 .

On December 8, 2016, the Company’s board of directors approved an estimated value per share of the Company’s common stock of $14.81 (unaudited) based on the estimated value of the Company’s assets less the estimated value of the Company’s liabilities, or net asset value, divided by the number of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2016. Commencing December 25, 2016, the purchase price per share under the DRP was $14.81 .

On December 7, 2017 , the Company’s board of directors approved an estimated value per share of the Company’s common stock of $ 11.50 (unaudited) based on the estimated value of the Company’s assets less the estimated value of the Company’s liabilities, or net asset value, divided by the number of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2017 , after giving effect to the December 7, 2017 declaration of a special dividend of $3.61 per share on the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 7, 2017 and the results of the Self-Tender (defined below). Commencing December 23, 2017, the purchase price per share under the DRP was $ 11.50 . The Company’s board of directors has determined that any portion of the Special Dividend that was paid in cash in January 2018 would not be used to purchase additional shares under the dividend reinvestment plan. No selling commissions or dealer manager fees will be paid on shares sold under the DRP.

Redeemable Common Stock

The Company has adopted a share redemption program that may enable stockholders to sell their shares to the Company in limited circumstances.

Pursuant to the share redemption program there are several limitations on the Company’s ability to redeem shares:


•	Unless the shares are being redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence” (each as defined under the share redemption program), the Company may not redeem shares until the stockholder has held the shares for one year.

•

During 2017 , redemptions were limited to the amount of net proceeds from the sale of shares under the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan during 2016 . The last $1.0 million of net proceeds from the dividend reinvestment plan during 2016 was reserved exclusively for shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability,” or “determination of incompetence”. Any portion of this last $1.0 million not used to redeem shares in connection with a stockholder's death, “qualifying disability”, or “determination of incompetence” were used to redeem shares not requested in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence” during December 2017 redemption, which was made in January 2018.

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December 31, 2017

•

The Company may not redeem more than $3.0 million of shares in a given quarter (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”). To the extent that the Company redeems less than $3.0 million of shares (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”) in a given fiscal quarter, any remaining excess capacity to redeem shares in such fiscal quarter will be added to the Company’s capacity to otherwise redeem shares (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”) during succeeding fiscal quarters. The last $1.0 million of net proceeds from the dividend reinvestment plan during the prior year is reserved exclusively for shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability,” or “determination of incompetence”. The share redemption plan also provides that, to the extent that in the last month of any calendar year the amount of redemption requests in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability or “determination of incompetence” is less than the $1.0 million reserved for such redemptions under the share redemption plan, any excess funds may be used to redeem shares not requested in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability or “determination of incompetence” during such month. The Company may increase or decrease this limit upon ten business days’ notice to stockholders. The Company’s board of directors may approve an increase in this limit to the extent that the Company has received proceeds from asset sales or the refinancing of debt or for any other reason deemed appropriate by the board of directors.


•	During any calendar year, the Company may redeem no more than 5% of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the prior calendar year.


•	The Company has no obligation to redeem shares if the redemption would violate the restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, which prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency.

Pursuant to the fifth amended and restated share redemption program, the Company redeemed shares effective June 13, 2015 at a price equal to the most recent estimated value per share as of the applicable redemption date, regardless of how long such shares have been held or whether shares are being redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.”

Effective January 9, 2016, pursuant to the eighth amended and restated share redemption program, the Company redeemed shares at prices determined as follows:


•	97.5% of the Company’s most recent estimated value per share as of the applicable redemption date for those shares held for at least one year but less than four years; and


•	100% of the Company’s most recent estimated value per share as of the applicable redemption date for those shares held for at least four years.

Effective December 30, 2016, pursuant to the tenth amended and restated share redemption program, except for redemptions made upon a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”, the price at which the Company began to redeem shares is 95% of the Company’s most recent estimated value per share as of the applicable redemption date. Upon the death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence” of a stockholder, the redemption price continued to be equal to the Company’s most recent estimated value per share.

The Company’s board of directors may amend, suspend or terminate the share redemption program with ten business days’ notice to its stockholders. The Company may provide this notice by including such information in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in the Company’s annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC, or by a separate mailing to its stockholders.

On September 14, 2017, the Company commenced a self-tender offer (the “Self-Tender”) for up to 3,553,660 shares of common stock at a price of $14.07 per share, or approximately $50.0 million of shares. On October 18, 2017, the Company increased the number of shares accepted for payment in the Self-Tender by up to 1,135,912 shares at a price of $14.07 per share, or approximately $16.0 million of shares. On October 23, 2017, the Company accepted for purchase 4,686,503 shares for an aggregate cost of $65.9 million , excluding fees and expenses related to the Self-Tender.

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December 31, 2017

Because of the Self-Tender, the tenth amended share redemption program was suspended from September 29, 2017 through October 31, 2017, meaning no redemptions were made in September or October (including those requested following a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”). The Company cancelled all outstanding redemption requests under the share redemption program as of the commencement of the Self-Tender and was not accepting any redemption requests under the share redemption program during the term of the Self-Tender.

The Company records amounts that are redeemable under the share redemption program as redeemable common stock in its consolidated balance sheets because the shares will be mandatorily redeemable at the option of the holder and therefore their redemption will be outside the control of the Company. However, because the amounts that can be redeemed will be determinable and only contingent on an event that is likely to occur (e.g., the passage of time), the Company presents the net proceeds from the current year and prior year DRP, net of current year redemptions, as redeemable common stock in its consolidated balance sheets.

The Company classifies as liabilities financial instruments that represent a mandatory obligation of the Company to redeem shares. The Company’s redeemable common shares are contingently redeemable at the option of the holder. When the Company determines it has a mandatory obligation to repurchase shares under the share redemption program, it will reclassify such obligations from temporary equity to a liability based upon their respective settlement values.

The Company limits the dollar value of shares that may be redeemed under the program as described above. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company had redeemed $8.2 million of common stock, which represented all redemption requests received in good order and eligible for redemption through the December 2017 redemption date, except for 786,174 shares totaling $8.6 million , of which $4.4 million relates to delayed December 2017 redemptions made in January 2018, in connection with redemption requests not made upon a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence,” which redemption requests will be fulfilled subject to the limitations described above. The Company recorded $8.6 million and $12.6 million of other liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, related to unfulfilled redemption requests received in good order under the share redemption program. Based on the amount of net proceeds raised from the sale of shares under the dividend reinvestment plan during 2017 , the Company has $8.7 million available for redemptions during 2018 , including shares that are redeemed in connection with a stockholders’ death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence,” subject to the limitations described above.

In addition to the redemptions under the program described above, during the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company repurchased an additional 47,750 shares of common stock at $14.07 per share for an aggregate price of $0.7 million .

Related Party Transactions

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay the Advisor specified fees upon the provision of certain services related to the investment of funds in real estate and real estate-related investments, management of the Company’s investments and for other services (including, but not limited to, the disposition of investments). The Company is or was obligated to reimburse the Advisor for acquisition and origination expenses and certain operating expenses incurred on behalf of the Company or incurred in connection with providing services to the Company. In addition, the Advisor is entitled to certain other fees, including an incentive fee upon achieving certain performance goals, as detailed in the Advisory Agreement. See note 11 , “Related Party Transactions.”

The Company records all related party fees as incurred, subject to any limitations described in the Advisory Agreement. The Company had not incurred any subordinated participation in net cash flows or subordinated incentive listing fees payable to the Advisor through December 31, 2017 .

Acquisition and Origination Fees

The Company pays the Advisor an acquisition and origination fee equal to 1% of the cost of investments acquired, or the amount funded by the Company to acquire or originate mortgage, mezzanine, bridge or other loans, including any acquisition and origination expenses related to such investments and any debt attributable to such investments.

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December 31, 2017

Asset Management Fee

With respect to investments in loans and any investments other than real estate, the Company pays the Advisor a monthly fee calculated, each month, as one-twelfth of 0.75% of the lesser of (i) the amount paid or allocated to acquire or fund the loan or other investment, inclusive of acquisition and origination fees and expenses related thereto and the amount of any debt associated with or used to acquire or fund such investment and (ii) the outstanding principal amount of such loan or other investment, plus the acquisition and origination fees and expenses related to the acquisition or funding of such investment, as of the time of calculation.

With respect to investments in real estate, the Company pays the Advisor a monthly asset management fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.75% of the amount paid or allocated to acquire the investment, including the cost of subsequent capital improvements, inclusive of acquisition fees and expenses related thereto and the amount of any debt associated with or used to acquire such investment.

In the case of investments made through joint ventures, the asset management fee is determined based on the Company’s proportionate share of the underlying investment, inclusive of the Company’s proportionate share of any fees and expenses related thereto.

Disposition Fee

For substantial assistance in connection with the sale of properties or other investments, the Company pays the Advisor or its affiliates 1.0% of the contract sales price of each property or other investment sold; provided, however, in no event may the disposition fees paid to the Advisor, its affiliates and unaffiliated third parties exceed 6.0% of the contract sales price.

Foreign Currency Transactions

The U.S. Dollar is the Company’s functional currency. Transactions denominated in currency other than the Company’s functional currency are recorded upon initial recognition at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction. After initial recognition, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are remeasured at each reporting date into the foreign currency at the exchange rate on that date. Exchange rate differences, other than those accounted for as hedging transactions, are recognized as foreign currency transaction gain or loss included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Derivative Instruments

The Company enters into derivative instruments for risk management purposes to hedge its exposure to cash flow variability caused by changing interest rates on its variable rate notes payable and enters into derivative instruments such as cross currency swaps, forward contracts, puts or calls for risk management purposes to hedge its exposure to variability in foreign currency exchange rates of the Israeli new Shekel versus the U.S. Dollar. The Company records these derivative instruments at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Derivative instruments designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows or other types of forecasted transactions are considered cash flow hedges. The change in fair value of the effective portion of a derivative instrument that is designated as a cash flow hedge is recorded as other comprehensive income (loss) on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity. The changes in fair value for derivative instruments that are not designated as a hedge or that do not meet the hedge accounting criteria are recorded as gain or loss on derivative instruments and included in earnings in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of the Company’s annual REIT taxable income to its stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes qualifying dividends to its stockholders. The Company conducts certain business activities through taxable REIT subsidiaries. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially and adversely affect the Company’s net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. However, the Company intends to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.

The Company has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries have been assessed interest or penalties by any major tax jurisdictions. The Company’s evaluations were performed for all open tax years through December 31, 2017 . As of December 31, 2017 , returns for the calendar year 2013 through 2016 remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions.

Segments

The Company has invested in non-performing loans, opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets. In general, the Company intends to hold its investments in opportunistic real estate, non-performing loans and other real estate-related assets for capital appreciation. Traditional performance metrics of non-performing loans, opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets may not be meaningful as these investments are generally non-stabilized and do not provide a consistent stream of interest income or rental revenue. These investments exhibit similar long-term financial performance and have similar economic characteristics. These investments typically involve a higher degree of risk and do not provide a constant stream of ongoing cash flows. As a result, the Company’s management views opportunistic real estate, non-performing loans and other real estate-related assets as similar investments. Substantially all of its revenue and net income (loss) is from non-performing loans, opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets, and therefore, the Company currently aggregates its operating segments into one reportable business segment.

Per Share Data

Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during such period. Diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock equals basic net income (loss) per share of common stock as there were no potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 .

Distributions declared per share were $3.89 , $0.38 and $0.38 during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively.

Square Footage, Occupancy and Other Measures

Square footage, occupancy, number of tenants and other measures including annualized base rents and annualized base rents per square foot used to describe real estate and real-estate related investments included in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are presented on an unaudited basis.

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December 31, 2017

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Updates

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”). ASU No. 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. In addition, the standard provided guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with noncustomers upon transfer of control. ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes the revenue requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. ASU No. 2014-09 does not apply to lease contracts within the scope of Leases (Topic 840). ASU No. 2014-09 was to be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and is to be applied retrospectively, with early application not permitted. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date (“ASU No. 2015-14”), which deferred the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one year. Early adoption is permitted but not before the original effective date. The Company elected to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective approach, which requires a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of the Company’s adoption, January 1, 2018. Under the modified retrospective approach, an entity may also elect to apply this standard to either (i) all contracts as of January 1, 2018 or (ii) only to contracts that are not completed as of January 1, 2018. A completed contract is a contract for which all (or substantially all) of the revenue was recognized under legacy GAAP that was in effect before the date of initial application. The Company elected to apply this standard only to contracts that are not completed as of January 1, 2018.

The primary source of revenue for the Company is generated through leasing arrangements, which are excluded from this standard. Based on the Company’s evaluation of contracts within the scope of ASU No. 2014-09, revenue that may be impacted by the new standard include sales of real estate, other operating income and tenant reimbursements for substantial services earned at its properties.

The Company evaluated all of its real estate sales contracts through December 31, 2017 and determined they qualified as sales to noncustomers. With the exception of the partial sale of 102 developable acres of Park Highlands, the gains on sales of real estate recognized for the Company’s real estate sales contracts were recognized on the full accrual method based on the existing accounting standards and determined to be completed contracts as of January 1, 2018, therefore the adoption of the ASU No. 2014-09 did not have an impact to these real estate sale contracts. The purchase and sale agreements for the partial sale of Park Highlands are not completed contracts given substantially all of the revenue was not recognized under current accounting standards.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, other operating income including parking revenues and tenant reimbursements for substantial services and other ancillary income in scope of ASC 606 were approximately 5% of consolidated revenue. Under current accounting standards, the Company typically recognizes other operating income when the amounts are fixed or determinable, collectability is reasonably assured, and services have been rendered. Under the new revenue recognition ASU, the recognition of such revenue will occur when the services are provided and the performance obligations are satisfied. These services are normally provided at a point in time or over a specified period of time with respect to monthly parking revenue; therefore, revenue recognition under the new revenue recognition ASU is expected to be substantially similar to the recognition pattern under existing accounting standards.

Based on the Company’s evaluation of its contracts in scope, the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s financial statements on January 1, 2018.

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December 31, 2017

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU No. 2016-01”). The amendments in ASU No. 2016-01 address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU No. 2016-01 primarily affects accounting for equity investments and financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected. ASU No. 2016-01 supersedes the guidance to classify equity securities with readily determinable fair values into different categories (that is, trading or available-for-sale) and requires equity securities (including other ownership interests, such as partnerships, unincorporated joint ventures, and limited liability companies) to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income. ASU No. 2016-01 also requires entities to present financial assets and financial liabilities separately, grouped by measurement category and form of financial asset in the balance sheet or in the accompanying notes to the financial statements. ASU No. 2016-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application of certain provisions of the standard is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. Upon adoption, the Company will be required to record net unrealized gain or loss on real estate equity securities in earnings and record a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet for the unrealized gain on real estate securities included in accumulated other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2017.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU No. 2016-02”). The amendments in ASU No. 2016-02 change the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. The standard requires lessors to identify lease and non-lease components under their leasing arrangements and allocate the total consideration in the lease agreement to these lease and non-lease components based on their relative standalone selling prices. Non-lease components will be subject to the new revenue recognition standard upon the Company’s adoption of the new leasing standard on January 1, 2019. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 as of its issuance is permitted. The new leases standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. In January 2018, the FASB issued a proposed amendment to the leases ASU, which would add a transition option to the new leases standard that would allow entities to apply the transition provisions of the new standard at its adoption date instead of the earliest comparative periods presented in its financial statements. The FASB also proposed a practical expedient that would permit lessors to not separate lease and non-lease components if certain conditions are met. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the new leases standard on its consolidated financial statements and if adopted by the FASB, applying the transition option and electing the practical expedient of the proposed amendment.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments (“ASU No. 2016-13”). ASU No. 2016-13 affects entities holding financial assets and net investments in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The amendments in ASU No. 2016-13 require a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. ASU No. 2016-13 also amends the impairment model for available-for-sale securities. An entity will recognize an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities as a contra-account to the amortized cost basis rather than as a direct reduction of the amortized cost basis of the investment, as is currently required. ASU No. 2016-13 also requires new disclosures. For financial assets measured at amortized cost, an entity will be required to disclose information about how it developed its allowance for credit losses, including changes in the factors that influenced management’s estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. For financing receivables and net investments in leases measured at amortized cost, an entity will be required to further disaggregate the information it currently discloses about the credit quality of these assets by year of the asset’s origination for as many as five annual periods. For available for sale securities, an entity will be required to provide a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses and an aging analysis for securities that are past due. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is still evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-13 on its financial statements, but does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 to have a material impact on its financial statements.

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December 31, 2017

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU No. 2016-15”). ASU No. 2016-15 is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in ASU No. 2016-15 provide guidance on eight specific cash flow issues, including the following that are or may be relevant to the Company: (a) Cash payments for debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs should be classified as cash outflows for financing activities; (b) Cash payments relating to contingent consideration made soon after an acquisition’s consummation date (i.e., approximately three months or less) should be classified as cash outflows for investing activities. Payments made thereafter should be classified as cash outflows for financing activities up to the amount of the original contingent consideration liability. Payments made in excess of the amount of the original contingent consideration liability should be classified as cash outflows for operating activities; (c) Cash payments received from the settlement of insurance claims should be classified on the basis of the nature of the loss (or each component loss, if an entity receives a lump-sum settlement); and (d) Relating to distributions received from equity method investments, ASU No. 2016-15 provides an accounting policy election for classifying distributions received from equity method investments. Such amounts can be classified using a (1) cumulative earnings approach, or (2) nature of distribution approach. Under the cumulative earnings approach, an investor would compare the distributions received to its cumulative equity method earnings since inception. Any distributions received up to the amount of cumulative equity earnings would be considered a return on investment and classified in operating activities. Any excess distributions would be considered a return of investment and classified in investing activities. Alternatively, an investor can choose to classify the distributions based on the nature of activities of the investee that generated the distribution. If the necessary information is subsequently not available for an investee to determine the nature of the activities, the entity should use the cumulative earnings approach for that investee and report a change in accounting principle on a retrospective basis; (e) In the absence of specific guidance, an entity should classify each separately identifiable cash source and use on the basis of the nature of the underlying cash flows. For cash flows with aspects of more than one class that cannot be separated, the classification should be based on the activity that is likely to be the predominant source or use of cash flow. ASU No. 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2016-15 to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (“ASU No. 2016-18”). ASU No. 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU No. 2016-18 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2016-18 for the reporting period ending December 31, 2016 and was applied retrospectively. As a result of adoption of ASU No. 2016-18, the Company no longer presents the changes within restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU No. 2017-01”) to add guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. ASU No. 2017-01 provides a screen to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a “set”) is not a business. The screen requires that, when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. If the screen is not met, ASU No. 2017-01 (1) requires that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) removes the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. ASU No. 2017-01 provides a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The framework includes two sets of criteria to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. Although outputs are not required for a set to be a business, outputs generally are a key element of a business; therefore, the FASB has developed more stringent criteria for sets without outputs. ASU No. 2017-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments can be applied to transactions occurring before the guidance was issued (January 5, 2017) as long as the applicable financial statements have not been issued. The Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2017-01 for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2017. As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2017-01, the Company’s acquisitions of investment properties beginning January 1, 2017 could qualify as asset acquisitions (as opposed to business combinations). Transaction costs associated with asset acquisitions are capitalized, while transaction costs associated with business combinations will continue to be expensed as incurred.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017


3.	REAL ESTATE HELD FOR INVESTMENT

As of December 31, 2017 , the Company owned four office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings and one retail property encompassing, in the aggregate, approximately 2.7 million rentable square feet. As of December 31, 2017 , these properties were 76% occupied. In addition, the Company owned two apartment properties containing 383 units and encompassing approximately 0.3 million rentable square feet, which were 96% occupied. The Company also owned three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,100 developable acres. The following table summarizes the Company’s real estate held for investment as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively (in thousands):



	December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Land	$	162,061		$	193,341
Buildings and improvements	388,144			356,982
Tenant origination and absorption costs	24,479			18,819
Total real estate, cost	574,684			569,142
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(41,817		)	(32,052		)
Total real estate, net	$	532,867		$	537,090

The following table provides summary information regarding the Company’s real estate held for investment as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):



Property	Date Acquired or Foreclosed on	City	State	Property Type	Land		Building and Improvements		Tenant Origination and Absorption		Total Real Estate, at Cost		Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization			Total Real Estate, Net		Ownership %
Richardson Portfolio:
Palisades Central I	11/23/2011	Richardson	TX	Office	1,037		10,970		—		12,007		(2,268		)	9,739		90.0	%
Palisades Central II	11/23/2011	Richardson	TX	Office	810		18,282		—		19,092		(4,144		)	14,948		90.0	%
Greenway I	11/23/2011	Richardson	TX	Office	561		2,364		—		2,925		(841		)	2,084		90.0	%
Greenway III	11/23/2011	Richardson	TX	Office	702		4,054		559		5,315		(1,790		)	3,525		90.0	%
Undeveloped Land	11/23/2011	Richardson	TX	Undeveloped Land	3,134		—		—		3,134		—			3,134		90.0	%
Total Richardson Portfolio					6,244		35,670		559		42,473		(9,043		)	33,430
Park Highlands ⁽¹⁾	12/30/2011	North Las Vegas	NV	Undeveloped Land	34,428		—		—		34,428		—			34,428		⁽¹	⁾
Burbank Collection	12/12/2012	Burbank	CA	Retail	4,175		12,536		725		17,436		(2,389		)	15,047		90.0	%
Park Centre	03/28/2013	Austin	TX	Office	3,251		26,387		—		29,638		(3,703		)	25,935		100.0	%
Central Building	07/10/2013	Seattle	WA	Office	7,015		27,026		1,267		35,308		(4,663		)	30,645		100.0	%
1180 Raymond	08/20/2013	Newark	NJ	Apartment	8,292		38,103		—		46,395		(5,283		)	41,112		100.0	%
Park Highlands II	12/10/2013	North Las Vegas	NV	Undeveloped Land	24,948		—		—		24,948		—			24,948		100.0	%
424 Bedford	01/31/2014	Brooklyn	NY	Apartment	8,860		25,707		—		34,567		(2,810		)	31,757		90.0	%
Richardson Land II	09/04/2014	Richardson	TX	Undeveloped Land	3,418		—		—		3,418		—			3,418		90.0	%
Westpark Portfolio	05/10/2016	Redmond	WA	Office/Flex/Industrial	36,085		89,687		7,250		133,022		(8,730		)	124,292		100.0	%
Crown Pointe	02/14/2017	Dunwoody	GA	Office	22,590		59,443		5,796		87,829		(3,921		)	83,908		100.0	%
125 John Carpenter	09/15/2017	Irving	TX	Office	2,755		73,585		8,882		85,222		(1,275		)	83,947		100.0	%
					$	162,061	$	388,144	$	24,479	$	574,684	$	(41,817	)	$	532,867

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KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

_____________________

⁽¹⁾ On September 7, 2016, a subsidiary of the Company that owns a portion of Park Highlands sold 820 units of 10% Class A non-voting preferred membership units for $0.8 million to accredited investors. The amount of the Class A non-voting preferred membership units raised, net of offering costs, is included in other liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Operating Leases

Certain of the Company’s real estate properties are leased to tenants under operating leases for which the terms and expirations vary. As of December 31, 2017 , the leases, excluding options to extend and apartment leases, which have terms that are generally one year or less, had remaining terms of up to 14.4 years with a weighted-average remaining term of 4.0 years. Some of the leases have provisions to extend the lease agreements, options for early termination after paying a specified penalty, rights of first refusal to purchase the property at competitive market rates, and other terms and conditions as negotiated. The Company retains substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership of the real estate assets leased to tenants. Generally, upon the execution of a lease, the Company requires a security deposit from tenants in the form of a cash deposit and/or a letter of credit. The amount required as a security deposit varies depending upon the terms of the respective leases and the creditworthiness of the tenant, but generally are not significant amounts. Therefore, exposure to credit risk exists to the extent that a receivable from a tenant exceeds the amount of its security deposit. Security deposits received in cash and assumed in real estate acquisitions or foreclosures related to tenant leases are included in other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and totaled $4.3 million and $7.2 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , the Company recognized deferred rent from tenants of $2.4 million , $3.1 million and $ 4.5 million , respectively, net of lease incentive amortization. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the cumulative deferred rent receivable balance, including unamortized lease incentive receivables, was $7.7 million and $5.5 million , respectively, and is included in rents and other receivables on the accompanying balance sheets. The cumulative deferred rent balance included $0.9 million of unamortized lease incentives as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The Company records property operating expense reimbursements due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and other recoverable costs in the period the related expenses are incurred.

As of December 31, 2017 , the future minimum rental income from the Company’s properties, excluding apartment leases, under non-cancelable operating leases was as follows (in thousands):



2018	$	40,535
2019	37,646
2020	32,830
2021	27,164
2022	22,002
Thereafter	63,391
	$	223,568

As of December 31, 2017 , the Company’s commercial real estate properties were leased to approximately 300 tenants over a diverse range of industries and geographic areas. The Company’s highest tenant industry concentration (greater than 10% of annualized base rent) was as follows:



Industry	Number of Tenants	Annualized Base Rent ⁽¹⁾ (in thousands)		Percentage of Annualized Base Rent
Management Consulting	32	$	4,489	10.7	%

_____________________

No other tenant industries accounted for more than 10% of annualized base rent. No material tenant credit issues have been identified at this time.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

Geographic Concentration Risk

As of December 31, 2017 , the Company’s real estate investments in Washington and Texas represented 14.1% and 13.3% , respectively, of the Company’s total assets. As a result, the geographic concentration of the Company’s portfolio makes it particularly susceptible to adverse economic developments in the Washington and Texas real estate markets. Any adverse economic or real estate developments in these markets, such as business layoffs or downsizing, industry slowdowns, relocations of businesses, changing demographics and other factors, or any decrease in demand for office space resulting from the local business climate, could adversely affect the Company’s operating results and its ability to make distributions to stockholders.

Recent Real Estate Land Sale

On May 1, 2017, the Company sold an aggregate of 102 developable acres of Park Highlands undeveloped land for an aggregate sales price, net of closing credits, of $17.4 million , excluding closing costs. The purchasers are not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor. The Company recognized a gain on sale based on the percentage of completion method due to the Company’s continuing development obligations to the purchasers. The Company recognized a gain on sale of $5.1 million related to the land sale, which is net of deferred profit of $2.5 million . In addition, the Company deferred $1.7 million related to proceeds received from the purchasers and another developer for the value of land that was contributed to a master association which is consolidated by the Company.

Recent Sale of Partial Interest of Real Estate

On July 6, 2017, KBS SOR Properties, LLC, an indirect wholly owned affiliate of the Company, entered into (i) a Common Unit Purchase and Sale Agreement and Escrow Instructions with Migdal Insurance Company LTD., Migdal-Makefet Pension and Provident Funds LTD. and affiliates (the “Migdal Members”) (the “Purchase and Sale Agreement”), (ii) the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of KBS SOR Acquisition XXIX, LLC (the “Joint Venture Agreement”), (iii) an Investment Agreement with Migdal Members and Willowbrook Asset Management LLC, which is owned by Keith D. Hall and Peter McMillan III, who are principals of the Advisor and directors and officers of the Company (“WBAM”), and (iv) a waiver letter agreement with the Advisor (the “Waiver Agreement”).

Pursuant to the Purchase and Sale Agreement, on July 6, 2017, KBS SOR Properties, LLC sold a 45% equity interest in an entity that owns an office building containing 284,751 rentable square feet located on approximately 0.35 acres of land in San Francisco, California (“353 Sacramento”) for approximately $39.1 million (the “353 Sacramento Transaction”) to the Migdal Members, third parties unaffiliated with the Company or the Advisor. The sale resulted in 353 Sacramento being owned by a joint venture (the “353 Sacramento Joint Venture”) in which the Company indirectly owns 55% of the equity interests and the Migdal Members indirectly own 45% in the aggregate of the equity interests.

The Company exercises significant influence over the operations, financial policies and decision making with respect to the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture but significant decisions require approval from both members. Accordingly, the Company has accounted for its investment in the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture under the equity method of accounting. Income, losses, contributions and distributions are generally allocated based on the members’ respective equity interests.

Therefore, as of July 6, 2017, the Company deconsolidated 353 Sacramento and accounted for this investment as an unconsolidated joint venture under the equity method of accounting. The Company recognized a gain on sale of $1.7 million related to the sale and deconsolidation. See note 12 , “Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures” for a further discussion on the Company’s investment in the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture.

See note 7 , “Real Estate Dispositions” for a further discussion on the Company’s real estate dispositions.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

Recent Acquisitions

Crown Pointe

On February 14, 2017, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, acquired an office property consisting of two office buildings containing an aggregate of 499,968 rentable square feet in Dunwoody, Georgia (“Crown Pointe”). The seller is not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor. The purchase price (net of closing credits) of Crown Pointe was $83.1 million plus $1.1 million of capitalized acquisition costs. The Company recorded this acquisition as an asset acquisition and recorded $22.6 million to land, $56.6 million to building and improvements, $6.0 million to tenant origination and absorption costs and $1.0 million to below-market lease liabilities. The intangible assets and liabilities acquired in connection with this acquisition have weighted-average amortization periods as of the date of acquisition of 4.9 years for tenant origination and absorption costs and 4.2 years for below-market lease liabilities.

125 John Carpenter

On September 15, 2017, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, acquired an office property consisting of two office buildings containing an aggregate of 442,039 rentable square feet in Irving, Texas (“125 John Carpenter”). The seller is not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor. The purchase price (net of closing credits) of 125 John Carpenter was $82.8 million plus $0.5 million of capitalized acquisition costs. The Company recorded this acquisition as an asset acquisition and recorded $2.7 million to land, $73.6 million to building and improvements, $9.0 million to tenant origination and absorption costs and $2.1 million to below-market lease liabilities. The intangible assets and liabilities acquired in connection with this acquisition have weighted-average amortization periods as of the date of acquisition of 6.9 years for tenant origination and absorption costs and 5.2 years for below-market lease liabilities.


4.	TENANT ORIGINATION AND ABSORPTION COSTS, ABOVE-MARKET LEASE ASSETS AND BELOW-MARKET LEASE LIABILITIES

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company’s tenant origination and absorption costs, above-market lease assets and below-market lease liabilities (excluding fully amortized assets and liabilities and accumulated amortization) were as follows (in thousands):



	Tenant Origination and Absorption Costs						Above-Market Lease Assets						Below-Market Lease Liabilities
	December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Cost	$	24,479		$	18,819		$	301		$	423		$	(3,636	)	$	(6,626	)
Accumulated Amortization	(6,448		)	(5,840		)	(170		)	(219		)	793			1,538
Net Amount	$	18,031		$	12,979		$	131		$	204		$	(2,843	)	$	(5,088	)

Increases (decreases) in net income as a result of amortization of the Company’s tenant origination and absorption costs, above-market lease assets and below-market lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):



	Tenant Origination and Absorption Costs									Above-Market Lease Assets									Below-Market Lease Liabilities
	For the Years Ended December 31,									For the Years Ended December 31,									For the Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015			2017			2016			2015			2017		2016		2015
Amortization	$	(10,265	)	$	(10,850	)	$	(10,555	)	$	(283	)	$	(459	)	$	(1,023	)	$	2,858	$	2,789	$	1,668

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KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

The remaining unamortized balance for these outstanding intangible assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017 will be amortized for the years ending December 31 as follows (in thousands):



	Tenant Origination and Absorption Costs			Above-Market Lease Assets			Below-Market Lease Liabilities
2018	$	(4,772	)	$	(41	)	$	846
2019	(3,929		)	(39		)	712
2020	(3,011		)	(35		)	556
2021	(2,035		)	(16		)	218
2022	(1,312		)	—			161
Thereafter	(2,972		)	—			350
	$	(18,031	)	$	(131	)	$	2,843
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	5.4 years			3.3 years			4.6 years

Additionally, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company had recorded tax abatement intangible assets, net of amortization, which are included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying balance sheets, of $5.3 million and $6.3 million , respectively. During each of the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , the Company recorded amortization expense of $1.0 million related to tax abatement intangible assets.


5.	REAL ESTATE EQUITY SECURITIES

During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company purchased 3,603,189 shares of common stock of Whitestone REIT (NYSE Ticker: WSR) for an aggregate purchase price of $43.3 million . Also during the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company acquired 43,999,500 shares of common units of Keppel-KBS US REIT (SGX Ticker: CMOU) in connection with the Singapore Transaction (defined below). At the closing date of the Singapore Transaction, the carrying value of the units was $21.6 million , the carryover basis of the Company's retained interest in the Singapore Portfolio, which reflects the fair value of the units of $38.7 million , net of the deferred gain from the sale of the Singapore Portfolio of $17.1 million .

The Company's investments in real estate equity securities are classified as available-for-sale as the Company intends to hold the securities for the purpose of collecting dividend income and for longer term price appreciation. These investments are carried at their estimated fair value primarily based on quoted market prices for the security. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of real estate equity securities are capitalized to its cost basis. Unrealized gains and losses are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The Company agreed not to sell, transfer or assign 21,999,750 units of the Keppel-KBS US REIT issued to the Company at closing of the Singapore Transaction until May 8, 2018 and the remaining 21,999,750 units until November 8, 2018 (the “Unit Lockout Periods”). As of December 31, 2017 , a lack of marketability discount of $1.7 million was recorded as a result of the Unit Lockout Periods.

For the investments in real estate equity securities, the Company recorded an unrealized gain of $25.1 million to other comprehensive income to reflect these investments at their estimated fair value at December 31, 2017 .

The following summarizes the activity related to real estate equity securities for the year ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands):



	Amortized Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains		Total
Real estate equity securities - December 31, 2016	$	—	$	—	$	—
Acquisition of real estate equity securities	64,454		—		64,454
Acquisition fee to affiliate and purchase commission	463		—		463
Unrealized change in market value of real estate equity securities	—		25,146		25,146
Real estate equity securities - December 31, 2017	$	64,917	$	25,146	$	90,063

During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company recognized $2.5 million of dividend income from real estate equity securities.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017


6.	REAL ESTATE DEBT SECURITIES

As of December 31, 2017 , the Company owned an investment in real estate debt securities. The Company’s investment

in real estate debt securities is classified as held to maturity, as the Company has the intent and ability to hold its investment

until maturity, and it is not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell its investment before recovery of

the Company’s amortized cost basis. The information for those real estate debt securities as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 is set forth below (in thousands):



Debt Securities Name	Date Acquired	Debt Securities Type	Outstanding Principal Balance as of December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾		Book Value as of December 31, 2017 ⁽²⁾		Book Value as of December 31, 2016		Contractual Interest Rate ⁽³⁾		Annualized Effective Interest Rate ⁽³⁾		Maturity Date
Battery Point Series B Preferred Units	10/28/2016 / 03/30/2017 / 05/12/2017	Series B Preferred Units	$	17,500	$	17,751	$	4,683	9.0	%	11.1	%	10/28/2019

_____________________

⁽¹⁾ Outstanding principal balance as of December 31, 2017 represents principal balance outstanding under the real estate debt securities.

⁽²⁾ Book value of the real estate debt securities represents outstanding principal balance adjusted for unamortized acquisition discounts, origination fees and direct origination and acquisition costs and additional interest accretion.

⁽³⁾ Contractual interest rate is the stated interest rate on the face of the real estate securities. Annualized effective interest rate is calculated as the actual interest income recognized in 2017 , using the interest method, annualized (if applicable) and divided by the average amortized cost basis of the investment. The annualized effective interest rate and contractual interest rate presented are as of December 31, 2017 .

The following summarizes the activity related to real estate debt securities for the year ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands):



Real estate debt securities - December 31, 2016	$	4,683
Face value of real estate debt securities acquired	12,500
Deferred interest receivable and interest accretion	315
Commitment fee, net of closing costs and acquisition fee	3
Accretion of commitment fee, net of closing costs	250
Real estate debt securities - December 31, 2017	$	17,751

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , interest income from real estate debt securities consisted of the following (in thousands):



	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016
Contractual interest income	$	1,217	$	63
Interest accretion	315		30
Accretion of commitment fee, net of closing costs and acquisition fee	250		17
Interest income from real estate debt securities	$	1,782	$	110

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KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017


7 .	REAL ESTATE DISPOSITIONS

In accordance with ASU No. 2014-08, Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity (“ASU No. 2014-08”), results of operations and related gains (losses) on sale from properties that are classified as held for sale in the ordinary course of business on or subsequent to January 1, 2014 would generally be included in continuing operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company disposed of 12 office properties. During the year ended December 31, 2016 , the Company did not dispose of any real estate properties. During the year ended December 31, 2015 , the Company sold two office properties.

On November 8, 2017, the Company, through 11 wholly owned subsidiaries, sold 11 of its properties (the “Singapore Portfolio”) to various subsidiaries of Keppel-KBS US REIT, a newly formed Singapore real estate investment trust (the “SREIT”) that was listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange (the “Singapore Transaction”). The sale price of the Singapore Portfolio was $804.0 million , before third-party closing costs of approximately $7.7 million and excluding any disposition fees payable to the Advisor. The SREIT paid a portion of the purchase price with approximately 44 million units of the SREIT (SGX Ticker: CMOU) representing 7% of outstanding units of the SREIT. The Singapore Portfolio consists of the following properties: 1800 West Loop, Westech 360 (part of the Austin Suburban Portfolio), Great Hills Plaza (part of the Austin Suburban Portfolio), Westmoor Center, Iron Point Business Park, the Plaza Buildings, Bellevue Technology Center, Northridge Center I and II, West Loop I and II, Powers Ferry Landing East and Maitland Promenade II. The carrying value of the Singapore Portfolio as of the disposition date was $543.2 million , which was net of $103.0 million of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The disposition of the Singapore Portfolio resulted in a gain of $236.9 million , of which $17.1 million was deferred based on the Company's percentage of the SREIT units owned, which reduced the carrying value of the SREIT units at closing. Additionally, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.5 million related to certain notes payable that were repaid in full with proceeds from the Singapore Transaction.

On July 11, 2013, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, acquired an office building containing 179,872 rentable square feet located in Boston, Massachusetts (“50 Congress Street”). On May 15, 2017, the Company sold 50 Congress Street to a purchaser unaffiliated with the Company or the Advisor for $79.0 million , or $78.8 million net of concessions and credits. The carrying value of 50 Congress Street as of the disposition date was $47.7 million , which was net of $5.9 million of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Company recognized a gain on sale of $29.4 million related to the disposition of 50 Congress Street.

The following summary presents the major components of assets and liabilities related to real estate held for sale as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Assets related to real estate held for sale
Real estate, cost	$	—	$	658,065
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	—		(88,124		)
Real estate, net	—		569,941
Other assets	—		35,173
Total assets related to real estate held for sale	$	—	$	605,114
Liabilities related to real estate held for sale
Notes payable, net	—		376,696
Other liabilities	—		1,463
Total liabilities related to real estate held for sale	$	—	$	378,159

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

The operations of these properties and gain on sales are included in continuing operations on the accompanying statements of operations. The following table summarizes certain revenue and expenses related to these properties for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2015
Revenues
Rental income	$	57,103	$	67,982	$	63,660
Tenant reimbursements and other operating income	16,888		17,809		17,152
Total revenues	$	73,991	$	85,791	$	80,812
Expenses
Operating, maintenance, and management	$	21,931	$	25,441	$	25,837
Real estate taxes and insurance	9,935		11,337		10,864
Asset management fees to affiliate	4,572		5,404		5,300
Depreciation and amortization	27,043		33,893		34,309
Interest expense	11,681		12,890		11,659
Total expenses	$	75,162	$	88,965	$	87,969

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017


8.	NOTES AND BONDS PAYABLE

As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company’s notes and bonds payable, including notes payable related to real estate held for sale, consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):



	Book Value as of December 31, 2017			Book Value as of December 31, 2016			Contractual Interest Rate as of December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾	Effective Interest Rate at December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾	Payment Type	Maturity Date ⁽²⁾
Richardson Portfolio Mortgage Loan	$	36,886		$	40,594		One-Month LIBOR + 2.10%	3.46%	Principal & Interest	05/01/2018
Bellevue Technology Center Mortgage Loan ⁽³⁾	—			59,400			⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾
Portfolio Revolving Loan Facility ⁽³⁾	—			11,799			⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾
Portfolio Mortgage Loan ⁽⁴⁾	9,877			106,479			One-Month LIBOR + 2.25%	3.61%	Principal & Interest	07/01/2018
Burbank Collection Mortgage Loan	10,958			9,812			One-Month LIBOR + 2.35%	3.79%	Principal & Interest	09/30/2018
50 Congress Mortgage Loan ⁽⁵⁾	—			31,525			⁽⁵⁾	⁽⁵⁾	⁽⁵⁾	⁽⁵⁾
1180 Raymond Bond Payable	6,460			6,635			6.50%	6.50%	Principal & Interest	09/01/2036
Central Building Mortgage Loan	27,600			27,600			One-Month LIBOR + 1.75%	3.11%	Interest Only	11/13/2018
Maitland Promenade II Mortgage Loan ⁽³⁾	—			20,877			⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾
Westmoor Center Mortgage Loan ⁽³⁾	—			62,000			⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾
Plaza Buildings Senior Loan ⁽³⁾	—			109,866			⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾	⁽³⁾
424 Bedford Mortgage Loan	24,282			24,832			3.91%	3.91%	Principal & Interest	10/01/2022
1180 Raymond Mortgage Loan	31,000			31,000			One-Month LIBOR + 2.25%	3.61%	Interest Only	12/01/2018
KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. Series A Debentures ⁽⁶⁾	278,801			251,811			4.25%	4.25%	⁽⁶⁾	03/01/2023
Westpark Portfolio Mortgage Loan	85,200			83,200			One-Month LIBOR + 2.50%	3.86%	Interest Only ⁽⁷⁾	07/01/2020
353 Sacramento Mortgage Loan ⁽⁸⁾	—			85,500			⁽⁸⁾	⁽⁸⁾	⁽⁸⁾	⁽⁸⁾
Crown Pointe Mortgage Loan	50,500			—			One-Month LIBOR + 2.60%	3.96%	Interest Only	02/13/2020
125 John Carpenter Mortgage Loan	50,130			—			⁽⁹⁾	3.12%	Interest Only	10/01/2022
Total Notes and Bonds Payable principal outstanding	611,694			962,930
Net Premium/(Discount) on Notes and Bonds Payable ⁽¹⁰⁾	137			88
Deferred financing costs, net	(8,788		)	(12,394		)
Total Notes and Bonds Payable, net	$	603,043		$	950,624

_____________________

⁽¹⁾ Contractual interest rate represents the interest rate in effect under the loan as of December 31, 2017 . Effective interest rate is calculated as the actual interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2017 (consisting of the contractual interest rate and contractual floor rates), using interest rate indices at December 31, 2017 , where applicable.

⁽²⁾ Represents the initial maturity date or the maturity date as extended as of December 31, 2017 ; subject to certain conditions, the maturity dates of certain loans may be extended beyond the date shown.

⁽³⁾ On November 8, 2017, in connection with the sale of the Singapore Portfolio, the Company repaid the entire principal balance and all other sums due under this loan.

⁽⁴⁾ On November 8, 2017, in connection with the sale of certain properties secured by this loan, the Company repaid all but $10.0 million principal balance. The Portfolio Mortgage Loan is now only secured by one office property, Park Centre.

⁽⁵⁾ On May 15, 2017, in connection with the disposition of 50 Congress Street, the Company repaid the entire principal balance and all other sums due under this loan.

⁽⁶⁾ See “ - Israeli Bond Financing” below.

⁽⁷⁾ Represents the payment type required under the loan as of December 31, 2017 . Certain future monthly payments due under this loan also include amortizing principal payments. For more information of the Company’s contractual obligations under its notes and bonds payable, see five-year maturity table below.

⁽⁸⁾ On July 6, 2017, in connection with the partial interest sale of 353 Sacramento, the 353 Sacramento Mortgage Loan was deconsolidated from the Company's balance sheet. See note 12 , “Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures” for a further discussion on the Company’s partial sale of 353 Sacramento.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

⁽⁹⁾ The 125 John Carpenter Mortgage Loan bears interest at a floating rate of the greater of (a) 2.0% or (b) 175 basis points over one-month LIBOR.

⁽¹⁰⁾ Represents the unamortized premium/discount on notes and bonds payable due to the above- and below-market interest rates when the debt was assumed. The discount/premium is amortized over the remaining life of the notes and bonds payable.

During the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , the Company incurred $37.1 million , $29.2 million and $15.0 million of interest expense, respectively. Included in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , was $4.4 million , $4.3 million and $2.7 million of amortization of deferred financing costs, respectively. Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , the Company capitalized $2.3 million , $2.0 million and $1.9 million of interest, respectively, to its investments in undeveloped land.

As of December 31, 2017 , the Company’s deferred financing costs were $8.8 million , net of amortization, which are included in notes and bonds payable, net on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2016 , the Company’s deferred financing costs were $12.5 million , net of amortization, of which $12.4 million is included in notes and bonds payable, net and $0.1 million is included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company’s interest payable was $5.1 million and $5.3 million , respectively.

The following is a schedule of maturities, including principal amortization payments, for all notes and bonds payable outstanding as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):



2018	$	117,537
2019	57,649
2020	190,774
2021	56,639
2022	127,925
Thereafter	61,170
	$	611,694

The Company’s notes payable contain financial debt covenants. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company was in compliance with all of these debt covenants.

Israeli Bond Financing

On March 2, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, filed a final prospectus with the Israel Securities Authority for a proposed offering of up to 1,000,000,000 Israeli new Shekels of Series A debentures (the “Debentures”) at an annual interest rate not to exceed 4.25% . On March 1, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the institutional tender of the Debentures and accepted application for 842.5 million Israeli new Shekels. On March 7, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the public tender of the Debentures and accepted 127.7 million Israeli new Shekels. In the aggregate, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI accepted 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $249.2 million as of March 8, 2016 ) in both the institutional and public tenders at an annual interest rate of 4.25% . KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI issued the Debentures on March 8, 2016. The terms of the Debentures require principal installment payments equal to 20% of the face value of the Debentures on March 1st of each year from 2019 to 2023. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company has one foreign currency option for an aggregate notional amount of $285.4 million to hedge its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate movements. See note 9 , “Derivative Instruments” for a further discussion on the Company’s foreign currency option.

The deed of trust that governs the terms of the Debentures contains various financial covenants. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company was in compliance with all of these financial debt covenants.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017


9 .	DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company enters into derivative instruments for risk management purposes to hedge its exposure to cash flow variability caused by changing interest rates and foreign currency exchange rate movements. The primary goal of the Company’s risk management practices related to interest rate risk is to prevent changes in interest rates from adversely impacting the Company’s ability to achieve its investment return objectives. The Company does not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes.

The Company enters into foreign currency options and foreign currency collars to mitigate its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate movements on its bonds payable outstanding denominated in Israeli new Shekels. The foreign currency collar consists of a purchased call option to buy and a sold put option to sell Israeli new Shekels. A foreign currency collar guarantees that the exchange rate of the currency will not fluctuate beyond the range of the options’ strike prices. The foreign currency option consists of a call option to buy Israeli new Shekels.

The following table summarizes the notional amount and other information related to the Company’s foreign currency collars as of December 31, 2016 . The notional amount is an indication of the extent of the Company’s involvement in each instrument at that time, but does not represent exposure to credit, interest rate or market risks (currency in thousands):



Derivative Instruments	Notional Amount		Strike Price	Trade Date	Maturity Date
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency collar	$	100,000	3.72 - 3.83 ILS-USD	08/08/2016	08/08/2017
Foreign currency collar	50,000		3.67 - 3.77 ILS-USD	08/16/2016	08/16/2017
Foreign currency collar	50,000		3.68 - 3.78 ILS-USD	08/16/2016	08/16/2017
Foreign currency collar	50,000		3.67 - 3.77 ILS-USD	08/22/2016	08/22/2017
	$	250,000

On August 3, 2017, the Company terminated the foreign currency collars and as a result received $6.6 million . On August 3, 2017, the Company entered into a foreign currency option, a USD put/ILS call option, to hedge against a change in the exchange rate of the Israeli new Shekel versus the U.S. Dollar as it has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase up to 970.2 million Israeli Shekels at the rate of ILS 3.4 per USD. The cost of the foreign currency option was $3.4 million .

The following table summarizes the notional amount and other information related to the Company’s foreign currency option as of December 31, 2017 . The notional amount is an indication of the extent of the Company’s involvement in each instrument at that time, but does not represent exposure to credit, interest rate or market risks (currency in thousands):



Derivative Instrument	Notional Amount		Strike Price	Trade Date	Maturity Date
Derivative instrument not designated as hedging instrument
Foreign currency option	$	285,361	3.40 ILS-USD	08/03/2017	08/03/2018

The Company enters into interest rate caps to mitigate its exposure to rising interest rates on its variable rate notes payable. The values of interest rate caps are primarily impacted by interest rates, market expectations about interest rates, and the remaining life of the instrument. In general, increases in interest rates, or anticipated increases in interest rates, will increase the value of interest rate caps. As the remaining life of an interest rate cap decreases, the value of the instrument will generally decrease towards zero.

As of December 31, 2017 , the Company had entered into an interest rate cap, which was not designated as a hedging instrument. The following table summarizes the notional amount and other information related to the Company’s derivative instrument as of December 31, 2017 . The notional amount is an indication of the extent of the Company’s involvement in the instrument at that time, but does not represent exposure to credit, interest rate or market risks (dollars in thousands):



Derivative Instrument	Effective Date	Maturity Date	Notional Value		Reference Rate
Interest rate cap	02/21/2017	02/13/2020	$	46,875	One-month LIBOR at 3.00%

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):



		December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Derivative Instruments	Balance Sheet Location	Number of Instruments	Fair Value		Number of Instruments	Fair Value
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate cap	Prepaid expenses and other assets	1	$	14	1	$	12
Foreign currency collars	Other liabilities	—	$	—	4	$	(3,910	)
Foreign currency option	Prepaid expenses and other assets	1	$	4,243	—	$	—

The change in fair value of foreign currency options and collars that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded as foreign currency transaction gains or losses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company recognized a $11.3 million gain related to the foreign currency option and collars, which is shown net against $26.6 million of foreign currency transaction loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as foreign currency transaction loss, net. During the year ended December 31, 2016 , the Company recognized a $3.9 million loss related to the foreign currency collars, which is shown net against $0.9 million of foreign currency transaction gain in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as foreign currency transaction loss, net. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company recorded an unrealized loss of $0.1 million on interest rate caps, which was included in interest expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.


10.	FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES


•	Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities;


•	Level 2: quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and


•	Level 3: prices or valuation techniques where little or no market data is available that requires inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

The fair value for certain financial instruments is derived using valuation techniques that involve significant management judgment. The price transparency of financial instruments is a key determinant of the degree of judgment involved in determining the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments. Financial instruments for which actively quoted prices or pricing parameters are available and for which markets contain orderly transactions will generally have a higher degree of price transparency than financial instruments for which markets are inactive or consist of non-orderly trades. The Company evaluates several factors when determining if a market is inactive or when market transactions are not orderly. The following is a summary of the methods and assumptions used by management in estimating the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate the fair value:

Cash and cash equivalents, rent and other receivables and accounts payable and accrued liabilities: These balances approximate their fair values due to the short maturities of these items.

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December 31, 2017

Real estate equity securities : The Company's Whitestone REIT real estate equity securities are presented at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of Whitestone REIT real estate equity securities was based on a quoted price in an active market on a major stock exchange. The Company classifies these inputs as Level 1 inputs. In connection with the Singapore Transaction, the Company acquired 43,999,500 units of the SREIT. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and presented at fair value. The fair value measurement of these shares is based on a quoted price in an active market, adjusted for the lack of marketability during the Unit Lockout Periods. The Company utilized inputs, all of which were deemed to be significant, including the quoted stock price, risk-free rate and expected volatility, in determining the value of the shares and the Company notes that the most significant input in its valuation model is the quoted price in an active market. However, as the valuation of the stock is adjusted for the lack of marketability using market-corroborated inputs, the Company categorizes the measurement of such securities as Level 2 inputs.

Real estate debt securities : The Company’s real estate debt securities are presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at their amortized cost net of recorded loss reserves (if any) and not at fair value. The fair value of real estate debt securities was estimated using an internal valuation model that considers the expected cash flows for the loans, underlying collateral values (for collateral dependent loans) and estimated yield requirements of institutional investors for real estate debt securities with similar characteristics, including remaining loan term, loan-to-value, type of collateral and other credit enhancements. The Company classifies these inputs as Level 3 inputs.

Notes and bonds payable: The fair values of the Company’s notes and bonds payable are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on management’s estimates of current market interest rates for instruments with similar characteristics, including remaining loan term, loan-to-value ratio, type of collateral and other credit enhancements. Additionally, when determining the fair value of liabilities in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for an identical liability is not available, the Company measures fair value using (i) a valuation technique that uses the quoted price of the identical liability when traded as an asset or quoted prices for similar liabilities or similar liabilities when traded as assets or (ii) another valuation technique that is consistent with the principles of fair value measurement, such as the income approach or the market approach. The Company classifies these inputs as Level 3 inputs. The Company’s bonds issued in Israel are publicly traded on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange. The Company used the quoted price as of December 31, 2017 for the fair value of its bonds issued in Israel. The Company classifies this input as a Level 1 input.

Derivative instruments : The Company’s derivative instruments are presented at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The valuation of these instruments is determined using a proprietary model that utilizes observable inputs. As such, the Company classifies these inputs as Level 2 inputs. The fair value of interest rate caps (floors) are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash payments (receipts) which would occur if variable interest rates rise above (below) the strike rate of the caps (floors). The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected payments (receipts) on the cap (floor) are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observed market interest rate curves and volatilities. The fair value of foreign currency option is based on a Black-Scholes model tailored for currency derivatives.

The following were the face values, carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , which carrying amounts do not approximate the fair values (in thousands):



	December 31, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Face Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Face Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Financial assets:
Real estate debt securities	$	17,500	$	17,751	$	17,386	$	5,000	$	4,683	$	4,683
Financial liabilities:
Notes and bond payable	$	332,893	$	330,727	$	335,212	$	711,119	$	707,169	$	711,425
KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. Series A Debentures	$	278,801	$	272,316	$	296,069	$	251,811	$	243,455	$	253,120

Disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments is based on pertinent information available to the Company as of the period end and requires a significant amount of judgment. This has made the estimation of fair values difficult and, therefore, both the actual results and the Company’s estimate of value at a future date could be materially different.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

As of December 31, 2017 , the Company measured the following assets at fair value (in thousands):



			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Recurring Basis:
Real estate equity securities	$	90,063	$	51,922	$	38,141	$	—
Asset derivative - interest rate cap	$	14	$	—	$	14	$	—
Asset derivative - foreign currency option	$	4,243	$	—	$	4,243	$	—


11 .	RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Advisory Agreement entitles the Advisor to specified fees upon the provision of certain services with regard to the investment of funds in real estate and real estate-related investments and the disposition of real estate and real estate-related investments (including the discounted payoff of non-performing loans) among other services, as well as reimbursement of certain costs incurred by the Advisor in providing services to the Company. The Advisory Agreement may also entitle the Advisor to certain back-end cash flow participation fees. The Company also entered into a fee reimbursement agreement (the “AIP Reimbursement Agreement”) with KBS Capital Markets Group LLC, the dealer manager for the Company's initial public offering (the “Dealer Manager”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to reimburse the Dealer Manager for certain fees and expenses it incurs for administering the Company’s participation in the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation Alternative Investment Product Platform with respect to certain accounts of the Company’s investors serviced through the platform. The Advisor and Dealer Manager also serve as, or previously served as, the advisor and dealer manager, respectively, for KBS Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (“KBS REIT I”), KBS Real Estate Investment Trust II, Inc. (“KBS REIT II”), KBS Real Estate Investment Trust III, Inc. (“KBS REIT III”), KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT, Inc. (“KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT”), KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II, Inc. (“KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II”) and KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. (“KBS Growth & Income REIT”).

On January 6, 2014, the Company, together with KBS REIT I, KBS REIT II, KBS REIT III, KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT, KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II, the Dealer Manager, the Advisor and other KBS-affiliated entities, entered into an errors and omissions and directors and officers liability insurance program where the lower tiers of coverage are shared. The cost of these lower tiers is allocated by the Advisor and its insurance broker among each of the various entities covered by the plan, and is billed directly to each entity. The allocation of these shared coverage costs is proportionate to the pricing by the insurance marketplace for the first tiers of directors and officers liability coverage purchased individually by each REIT. The Advisor’s and the Dealer Manager’s portion of the shared lower tiers’ cost is proportionate to the respective entities’ prior cost for the errors and omissions insurance. In June 2015, KBS Growth & Income REIT was added to the insurance program at terms similar to those described above. In June 2017, the Company renewed its participation in the program, and the program is effective through June 30, 2018. As KBS REIT I is implementing its plan of liquidation, at renewal in June 2017, KBS REIT I elected to cease participation in the program and obtain separate insurance coverage.

During the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , no other business transactions occurred between the Company and these other KBS-sponsored programs.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, summarized below are the related-party costs incurred by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively, and any related amounts payable as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



	Incurred						Payable as of December 31,
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016
Expensed
Asset management fees	$	10,686	$	9,628	$	8,348	$	—	$	—
Acquisition fees on real estate ⁽¹⁾	—		2,964		—		—		—
Reimbursable operating expenses ⁽²⁾	241		221		178		26		55
Disposition fees ⁽³⁾	8,352		279		276		—		—
Capitalized
Acquisition fees on real estate ⁽¹⁾	907		—		—		—		—
Acquisition fees on real estate equity securities	429		—		—		—		—
Acquisition fees on real estate debt securities	—		250		—		—		—
	$	20,615	$	13,342	$	8,802	$	26	$	55

_____________________

⁽¹⁾ As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2017-01, the Company’s acquisitions of real estate properties beginning January 1, 2017 generally qualify as an asset acquisition (as opposed to a business combination). Acquisition fees associated with asset acquisitions will be capitalized, while costs associated with business combinations will continue to be expensed as incurred.

⁽²⁾ The Advisor may seek reimbursement for certain employee costs under the Advisory Agreement. The Company has reimbursed the Advisor for the Company’s allocable portion of the salaries, benefits and overhead of internal audit department personnel providing services to the Company. These amounts totaled $225,000 , $153,000 and $153,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively, and were the only employee costs reimbursed under the Advisory Agreement during these periods. The Company will not reimburse for employee costs in connection with services for which the Advisor earns acquisition, origination or disposition fees (other than reimbursement of travel and communication expenses) or for the salaries or benefits the Advisor or its affiliates may pay to the Company’s executive officers. In addition to the amounts above, the Company reimburses the Advisor for certain of the Company’s direct costs incurred from third parties that were initially paid by the Advisor on behalf of the Company.

⁽³⁾ Disposition fees with respect to real estate sold are included in the gain on sale of real estate in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Disposition fees with respect to the assignment of the Company's real estate loan receivable are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Advisor reimbursed the Company $0.4 million for expenses incurred to evaluate certain strategic transactions for which the Advisor has agreed to reimburse the Company and $0.1 million for a property insurance rebate. During the year ended December 31, 2016 , the Advisor reimbursed the Company $0.1 million for property insurance rebates and $0.1 million for legal and professional fees and travel expenses.

Pursuant to the Waiver Agreement, the Advisor waived any right it may have had to receive a disposition fee in connection with the 353 Sacramento Transaction and also waived its rights to future acquisition fees in an amount equal to 45% of the acquisition fees paid to the Advisor in connection with the Company’s original purchase of 353 Sacramento in July of 2016. Accordingly, the Advisor waived $0.8 million of acquisition fees for the purchase of 125 John Carpenter. In connection with the 353 Sacramento Transaction, the Company paid a $0.1 million broker commission to Monarch Global Partners, LLC. The son of a member of the board of directors of KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI is a partner at Monarch Global Partners, LLC. Also in connection with the 353 Sacramento Transaction, the Migdal Members paid an acquisition fee of $0.2 million to WBAM and $0.2 million to the Company.

On November 8, 2017, the Company sold the Singapore Portfolio to the SREIT. The SREIT is externally managed by a joint venture (the “Manager”) between (i) an entity in which Keith D. Hall, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and a director, and Peter McMillan III, the Company’s President and Chairman of the board of directors, have an indirect ownership interest and (ii) Keppel Capital Holding Pte. Ltd., which is not affiliated with the Company. The SREIT is expected to pay certain purchase and sale commissions and asset management fees to the Manager in exchange for the provision of certain management services.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017


12 .	INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures were composed of the following (dollars in thousands):



				Investment Balance at
Joint Venture	Number of Properties	Location	Ownership %	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
NIP Joint Venture	5	Various	Less than 5.0%	$	3,674	$	5,305
110 William Joint Venture	1	New York, New York	60.0%	7,160		70,544
353 Sacramento Joint Venture	1	San Francisco, California	55.0%	44,743		—
				$	55,577	$	75,849

Investment in National Industrial Portfolio Joint Venture

On May 18, 2012, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a joint venture (the “NIP Joint Venture”) with OCM NIP JV Holdings, L.P. and HC KBS NIP JV, LLC (“HC-KBS”). As of December 31, 2017 , the NIP Joint Venture owned five industrial properties and a master lease with respect to another industrial property encompassing 3.4 million square feet. The Company made an initial capital contribution of $ 8.0 million which represents less than a 5.0% ownership interest in the NIP Joint Venture as of December 31, 2017 . The Company has virtually no influence over the NIP Joint Venture’s operations, financial policies or decision making. Accordingly, the Company has accounted for its investment in the NIP Joint Venture under the cost method of accounting. Income, losses and distributions from the NIP Joint Venture are generally allocated among the members based on their respective equity interests.

KBS REIT I, an affiliate of the Advisor, is a member of HC-KBS and had a participation interest in certain future potential profits generated by the NIP Joint Venture. However, KBS REIT I does not have any equity interest in the NIP Joint Venture. On January 17, 2018, KBS REIT I assigned its participation interest in the NIP Joint Venture to one of the other joint venture partners in the NIP Joint Venture. None of the other joint venture partners are affiliated with the Company or the Advisor.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the book value of the Company’s investment in the NIP Joint Venture was $3.7 million and $5.3 million , respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company received a distribution of $3.7 million related to its investment in the NIP Joint Venture. The Company recognized $2.1 million of income distributions and $1.6 million of return of capital from the NIP Joint Venture. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Company did not receive any distributions related to its investment in the NIP Joint Venture.

Investment in 110 William Joint Venture

On December 23, 2013, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, entered into an agreement with SREF III 110 William JV, LLC (the “110 William JV Partner”) to form a joint venture (the “110 William Joint Venture”). On May 2, 2014, the 110 William Joint Venture acquired an office property containing 928,157 rentable square feet located on approximately 0.8 acres of land in New York, New York (“110 William Street”). Each of the Company and the 110 William JV Partner hold a 60% and 40% ownership interest in the 110 William Joint Venture, respectively.

The Company exercises significant influence over the operations, financial policies and decision making with respect to the 110 William Joint Venture but significant decisions require approval from both members. Accordingly, the Company has accounted for its investment in the 110 William Joint Venture under the equity method of accounting. Income, losses, contributions and distributions are generally allocated based on the members’ respective equity interests.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the book value of the Company’s investment in the 110 William Joint Venture was $7.2 million and $70.5 million , respectively, which include $1.5 million of unamortized acquisition fees and expenses incurred directly by the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the 110 William Joint Venture made a $58.2 million return of capital distribution to the Company and a $38.8 million return of capital distribution to the 110 William JV Partner funded with proceeds from the 110 William refinancing discussed below.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

Summarized financial information for the 110 William Joint Venture follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Assets:
Real estate assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization	$	248,269	$	262,192
Other assets	32,331		23,355
Total assets	$	280,600	$	285,547
Liabilities and equity:
Notes payable, net ⁽¹⁾	$	260,108	$	157,628
Other liabilities	11,016		12,872
Partners’ capital	9,476		115,047
Total Liabilities and equity	$	280,600	$	285,547

_____________________

⁽¹⁾ See “- 110 William Joint Venture Refinance” below.



	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Revenues	$	37,338		$	33,458		$	34,188
Expenses:
Operating, maintenance, and management	10,056			10,778			10,549
Real estate taxes and insurance	6,281			6,017			5,748
Real estate acquisition fees and expenses	—			—			1
Depreciation and amortization	16,544			12,955			12,596
Interest expense	13,134			6,049			6,170
Total expenses	46,015			35,799			35,064
Total other income	56			63			334
Net loss	$	(8,621	)	$	(2,278	)	$	(542	)
Company’s equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture	$	(5,214	)	$	(1,408	)	$	(368	)

110 William Joint Venture Refinance

On May 2, 2014, in connection with the acquisition of 110 William Street, the 110 William Joint Venture assumed a mortgage loan with a face amount of $141.5 million and a mezzanine loan with a face amount of $20.0 million (the “110 William Street Existing Loans”). On March 6, 2017, the 110 William Joint Venture closed the refinancing of the 110 William Street Existing Loans (the “Refinancing”). The 110 William Joint Venture repaid $156.0 million of principal related to the 110 William Street Existing Loans. The Refinancing was comprised of the following loans from unaffiliated lenders: (i) a mortgage loan in the maximum amount of up to $232.3 million from Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., a national banking association (the “110 William Street Mortgage Loan”), (ii) a senior mezzanine loan in the maximum amount of up to $33.8 million from Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, a New York limited liability company (the “110 William Street Senior Mezzanine Loan”), and (iii) a junior mezzanine loan in the maximum amount of up to $33.8 million from Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, a New York limited liability company (the “110 William Street Junior Mezzanine Loan”).

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

The loans under the Refinancing mature on March 7, 2019, with three one -year extension options. The 110 William Street Mortgage Loan bears interest at a floating rate of 2.2472% over one-month LIBOR. The 110 William Street Senior Mezzanine Loan and the 110 William Street Junior Mezzanine Loan bear interest at a floating rate of 6.25% over one-month LIBOR. The 110 William Joint Venture entered into three interest rate caps that effectively limit one-month LIBOR at 3.00% on $275.0 million of the Refinancing amount as of the effective date, up to $300.0 million , accreting according to a notional schedule, effective March 6, 2017 through March 7, 2019. The loans under the Refinancing have monthly payments that are interest-only with the entire unpaid principal balance and all outstanding interest and fees due at maturity. The 110 William Joint Venture has the right to prepay the loans in whole at any time or in part from time to time to the extent necessary, subject to the payment of certain expenses potentially incurred by the lender as a result of the prepayment, the payment of a prepayment premium and breakage costs in certain circumstances, and certain other conditions contained in the loan documents. At closing, $205.0 million had been disbursed from the 110 William Street Mortgage Loan to the 110 William Joint Venture with $27.3 million remaining available for future disbursements to be used for tenant improvements, leasing commissions and capital improvements, subject to certain terms and conditions contained in the loan documents. At closing, $29.85 million had been disbursed from the 110 William Street Senior Mezzanine Loan to the 110 William Joint Venture and $29.85 million had been disbursed from the 110 William Junior Mezzanine Loan to the 110 William Joint Venture, with $4.0 million remaining available under the 110 William Street Senior Mezzanine Loan and $4.0 million remaining available under the 110 William Street Junior Mezzanine Loan for future disbursements to be used for tenant improvements, leasing commissions and capital improvements, subject to certain terms and conditions contained in the loan documents under the 110 William Street Senior Mezzanine Loan and the 110 William Street Junior Mezzanine Loan.

Investment in 353 Sacramento Joint Venture

On July 6, 2017, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, entered into an agreement with the Migdal Members to form the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture. On July 6, 2017, the Company sold a 45% equity interest in an entity that owns 353 Sacramento to the Migdal Members. The sale resulted in 353 Sacramento being owned by the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture, in which the Company indirectly owns 55% of the equity interests and the Migdal Members indirectly own 45% in the aggregate of the equity interests.

As of December 31, 2017 , the book value of the Company’s investment in the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture was $44.7 million . During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company did not receive any distributions related to its investment in the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

Summarized financial information for the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2017
Assets:
Real estate assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization	$	171,066
Other assets	6,472
Total assets	$	177,538
Liabilities and equity:
Notes payable, net	$	89,423
Other liabilities	7,313
Partners’ capital	80,802
Total liabilities and equity	$	177,538



	For the Period from July 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017
Revenues	$	7,053
Expenses:
Operating, maintenance, and management	2,189
Real estate taxes and insurance	1,198
Depreciation and amortization	3,408
Interest expense	2,302
Total expenses	9,097
Net loss	$	(2,044	)
Company’s equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture	$	(823	)


13.	SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW AND SIGNIFICANT NONCASH TRANSACTION DISCLOSURES

Supplemental cash flow and significant noncash transaction disclosures were as follows (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2015
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest of $2,339 , $2,025 and $1,856 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 , respectively	$	32,688	$	20,759	12,265
Supplemental Disclosure of Significant Noncash Transactions:
Assets and liabilities deconsolidated in connection with the 353 Sacramento partial sale:
Real estate, net	170,586		—		—
Rents and other receivables, net	1,244		—		—
Prepaid expenses and other assets	555		—		—
Notes payable, net	87,132		—		—
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	1,574		—		—
Below-market leases, net	2,960		—		—
Other liabilities	924		—		—
SREIT units received in connection with the Singapore Transaction	38,720		—		—
Increase in development obligations related to sale of real estate	3,816		—		4,128
Application of escrow deposits to acquisition of real estate	2,000		—		—
Increase in accrued improvements to real estate	—		3,547		—
Increase in redeemable common stock payable	—		8,902		3,715
Distributions paid to common stockholders through common stock issuances pursuant to the dividend reinvestment plan	8,666		12,616		13,573

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KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017


14.	SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)

Presented below is a summary of the unaudited quarterly financial information for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands, except per share amounts):



	2017
	First Quarter			Second Quarter		Third Quarter			Fourth Quarter
Revenues	$	37,996		$	40,237	$	36,414		$	26,067
Net income (loss)	$	(9,058	)	$	23,809	$	(10,542	)	$	206,371
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(9,092	)	$	23,846	$	(10,534	)	$	206,424
Net income (loss) per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.16	)	$	0.42	$	(0.19	)	$	3.88
Distributions declared per common share	$	0.092		$	0.093	$	0.095		$	3.610



	2016
	First Quarter			Second Quarter			Third Quarter			Fourth Quarter
Revenues	$	28,365		$	33,866		$	36,133		$	35,880
Net loss	$	(4,932	)	$	(1,989	)	$	(15,007	)	$	(7,198	)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(4,894	)	$	(1,959	)	$	(14,951	)	$	(7,114	)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.12	)
Distributions declared per common share	$	0.093		$	0.093		$	0.094		$	0.095


15 .	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Economic Dependency

The Company is dependent on the Advisor for certain services that are essential to the Company, including the identification, evaluation, negotiation, origination, acquisition and disposition of investments; management of the daily operations of the Company’s investment portfolio; and other general and administrative responsibilities. In the event that the Advisor is unable to provide these services, the Company will be required to obtain such services from other sources.

Environmental

As an owner of real estate, the Company is subject to various environmental laws of federal, state and local governments. Although there can be no assurance, the Company is not aware of any environmental liability that could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations as of December 31, 2017 . However, changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations, the uses and conditions of properties in the vicinity of the Company’s properties, the activities of its tenants and other environmental conditions of which the Company is unaware with respect to the properties could result in future environmental liabilities.

Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company is a party to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Management is not aware of any legal proceedings of which the outcome is probable or reasonably possible to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition, which would require accrual or disclosure of the contingency and the possible range of loss. Additionally, the Company has not recorded any loss contingencies related to legal proceedings in which the potential loss is deemed to be remote.

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KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017


16 .	SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluates subsequent events up until the date the consolidated financial statements are issued.

Acquisition and Financing of City Tower

On March 6, 2018, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary (the “Owner”), acquired an office building containing 431,007 rentable square feet located on approximately 4.92 acres of land in Orange, California (“City Tower”). The seller is not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor. The purchase price of City Tower was $147.3 million plus closing costs. City Tower was built in 1988 and partially renovated in 2016 and was 76% leased to 24 tenants as of the acquisition date.

On March 6, 2018, in connection with the Company’s acquisition of City Tower, the Owner entered into a term loan facility with Compass Bank, an unaffiliated lender, for borrowings up to $103.4 million , secured by City Tower (the “City Tower Mortgage Loan”). At closing, $89.0 million of the loan was funded and the remaining $14.4 million was available for future disbursements to be used for leasing commissions and capital expenditures, subject to certain terms and conditions contained in the loan documents.

The City Tower Mortgage Loan matures on March 5, 2021, with two one -year extension options, subject to certain terms and conditions contained in the loan documents, and bears interest at a floating rate of 155 basis points over one-month LIBOR. Monthly payments are interest only with the principal balance, all accrued and unpaid interest and all other sums due under the loan documents due at maturity. The Owner has the right to prepay all or a portion of the City Tower Mortgage Loan, subject to certain fees and conditions contained in the loan documents.

KBS SOR Properties, LLC, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, in connection with the City Tower Mortgage Loan, is providing a guaranty of (i) the payment of all actual costs, losses, damages, claims and expenses incurred by Compass Bank relating to the City Tower Mortgage Loan as a result of certain intentional actions or omissions of the Owner in violation of the loan documents, as further described in the guaranty; (ii) the payment of the principal balance and any interest or other sums outstanding under the City Tower Mortgage Loan in the event of certain bankruptcy, insolvency or related proceedings involving the Owner as described in the guaranty; and (iii) certain other amounts as described in the guaranty.

Acquisition of Marquette Plaza

On March 1, 2018, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, acquired an office property containing 522,656 rentable square feet located on 2.5 acres of land in Minneapolis, Minnesota (“Marquette Plaza”). The seller is not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor. The purchase price of Marquette Plaza was $88.4 million plus closing costs. Marquette Plaza was built in 1972 and renovated in 2002 and was 70% leased to 21 tenants as of the acquisition date.

Distribution Paid

On December 7, 2017 , the Company's board of directors authorized the Special Dividend of $3.61 per share of common stock payable in either shares of the Company's common stock or cash to, and at the election of, the stockholders of record as of December 7, 2017 (the “Record Date”). The Special Dividend was paid on January 17, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on the Record Date. If stockholders elected all cash, their election was subject to adjustment such that the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed by the Company will be a maximum of 20% of the total Special Dividend (the “Maximum Cash Distribution”), with the remainder to be paid in shares of common stock. The aggregate amount of cash paid by the Company pursuant to the Special Dividend and the actual number of shares of common stock issued pursuant to the Special Dividend depended upon the number of stockholders who elected cash or stock and whether the Maximum Cash Distribution was met. Accordingly, on January 17, 2018 , the Company paid $37.6 million in cash and issued $150.3 million in stock pursuant to the Special Dividend.

Distribution Declared

On March 8 , 2018 , the Company's board of directors authorized a distribution in the amount of $0.015975 per share of common stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 16 , 2018 . The Company expects to pay this distribution on March 21 , 2018 .

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KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

SCHEDULE III

REAL ESTATE ASSETS AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION

December 31, 2017

(dollar amounts in thousands)



				Initial Cost to Company									Gross Amount at which Carried at Close of Period
Description	Location	Ownership Percent	Encumbrances	Land		Building and Improvements ⁽¹⁾		Total		Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition ⁽²⁾			Land		Building and Improvements ⁽¹⁾		Total ⁽³⁾		Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization			Original Date of Construction	Date Acquired or Foreclosed on
Properties Held for Investment
Richardson Portfolio:
Palisades Central I	Richardson, TX	90.0%	⁽⁴⁾	1,037		8,628		9,665		2,342			1,037		10,970		12,007		(2,268		)	1980	11/23/2011
Palisades Central II	Richardson, TX	90.0%	⁽⁴⁾	810		17,117		17,927		1,165			810		18,282		19,092		(4,144		)	1985	11/23/2011
Greenway I	Richardson, TX	90.0%	⁽⁴⁾	561		1,170		1,731		1,194			561		2,364		2,925		(841		)	1983	11/23/2011
Greenway III	Richardson, TX	90.0%	⁽⁴⁾	702		4,083		4,785		530			702		4,613		5,315		(1,790		)	1983	11/23/2011
Undeveloped Land	Richardson, TX	90.0%	—	1,997		—		1,997		1,137			3,134		—		3,134		—			N/A	11/23/2011
Total Richardson Portfolio			36,886	5,107		30,998		36,105		6,368			6,244		36,229		42,473		(9,043		)
Park Highlands ⁽⁵⁾	North Las Vegas, NV	⁽⁵⁾	—	20,307		—		20,307		14,121			34,428		—		34,428		—			N/A	12/30/2011
Burbank Collection	Burbank, CA	90.0%	10,958	4,175		8,799		12,974		4,462			4,175		13,261		17,436		(2,389		)	2008	12/12/2012
Park Centre	Austin, TX	100.0%	9,877	3,251		27,941		31,192		(1,554		)	3,251		26,387		29,638		(3,703		)	2000	03/28/2013
Central Building	Seattle, WA	100.0%	27,600	7,015		26,124		33,139		2,169			7,015		28,293		35,308		(4,663		)	1907	07/10/2013
1180 Raymond	Newark, NJ	100.0%	31,000	8,292		37,651		45,943		452			8,292		38,103		46,395		(5,283		)	1929	08/20/2013
Park Highlands II	North Las Vegas, NV	100.0%	—	20,118		—		20,118		4,830			24,948		—		24,948		—			N/A	12/10/2013
424 Bedford	Brooklyn, NY	90.0%	24,282	8,860		24,820		33,680		887			8,860		25,707		34,567		(2,810		)	2010	01/31/2014
Richardson Land II	Richardson, TX	90.0%	—	3,096		—		3,096		322			3,418		—		3,418		—			N/A	09/04/2014
Westpark Portfolio	Redmond, WA	100.0%	85,200	36,085		90,227		126,312		6,710			36,085		96,937		133,022		(8,730		)	1984-1992	05/10/2016
Crown Pointe	Dunwoody, GA	100.0%	50,500	22,590		62,610		85,200		2,629			22,590		65,239		87,829		(3,921		)	1985/1989	02/14/2017
125 John Carpenter	Irving, TX	100.0%	50,130	2,755		82,550		85,305		(83		)	2,755		82,467		85,222		(1,275		)	1982/1983	09/15/2017
	Total Properties Held for Investment			$	141,651	$	391,720	$	533,371	$	41,313		$	162,061	$	412,623	$	574,684	$	(41,817	)

____________________

⁽¹⁾ Building and improvements includes tenant origination and absorption costs.

⁽²⁾ Costs capitalized subsequent to acquisition is net of write-offs of fully depreciated/amortized assets.

⁽³⁾ The aggregate cost of real estate for federal income tax purposes was $607.2 million (unaudited) as of December 31, 2017 .

⁽⁴⁾ As of December 31, 2017 , $36.9 million of debt was outstanding secured by the Richardson Portfolio.

⁽⁵⁾ On September 7, 2016, a subsidiary of the Company that owns a portion of Park Highlands, sold 820 units of 10% Class A non-voting preferred membership units for $0.8 million to accredited investors. The amount of the Class A non-voting preferred membership units raised, net of offering costs, is included in other liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

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KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

SCHEDULE III

REAL ESTATE ASSETS AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2017

(dollar amounts in thousands)



	2017			2016			2015
Real Estate ⁽¹⁾ :
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	1,227,207		$	914,074		$	919,259
Acquisitions	170,505			300,382			—
Improvements	37,219			33,909			32,385
Write-off of fully depreciated and fully amortized assets	(18,735		)	(19,220		)	(13,212		)
Loss due to property damages	(668		)	(1,938		)	(2,260		)
Sales	(664,114		)	—			(22,098		)
Deconsolidation	(176,730		)	—			—
Balance at the end of the year	$	574,684		$	1,227,207		$	914,074

Accumulated depreciation and amortization ⁽¹⁾ :
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	120,176		$	91,560		$	64,171
Depreciation and amortization expense	48,994			47,836			41,513
Write-off of fully depreciated and fully amortized assets	(18,735		)	(19,220		)	(13,212		)
Sales	(102,474		)	—			(912		)
Deconsolidation	(6,144		)	—			—
Balance at the end of the year	$	41,817		$	120,176		$	91,560

____________________

⁽¹⁾ Amounts include real estate held for sale.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Newport Beach, State of California, on March 9, 2018 .



	KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.

	By:	/s/ Keith D. Hall
		Keith D. Hall
		Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:



Name	Title	Date

/s/ KEITH D. HALL	Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer)	March 9, 2018
Keith D. Hall
/s/ PETER MCMILLAN III	Chairman of the Board, President and Director	March 9, 2018
Peter McMillan III
/s/ JEFFREY K. WALDVOGEL	Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)	March 9, 2018
Jeffrey K. Waldvogel
/s/ STACIE K. YAMANE	Chief Accounting Officer (principal accounting officer)	March 9, 2018
Stacie K. Yamane
/s/ WILLIAM M. PETAK	Director	March 9, 2018
William M. Petak
/s/ ERIC J. SMITH	Director	March 9, 2018
Eric J. Smith
/s/ KENNETH G. YEE	Director	March 9, 2018
Kenneth G. Yee

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Part II Item 5. Market For Registrant S Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases Of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services Part IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

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