PFBX 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2025

PEOPLES FINANCIAL CORP /MS/

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PEOPLES FINANCIAL CORPORATION_September 30, 2025

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15 (D) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


For the quarterly period ended		September 30, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


Commission File Number		001-12103

PEOPLES FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Mississippi	64-0709834
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


Lameuse and Howard Avenues , Biloxi , Mississippi	39533
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

( 228 ) 435-5511

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
None	PFBX	None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.) Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☒		Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the last practicable date. Peoples Financial Corporation has only one class of common stock authorized. At October 31, 2025, there were 15,000,000 shares of $1 par value common stock authorized, with 4,617,466 shares issued and outstanding.

Part 1 – Financial Information

Item 1: Financial Statements

Peoples Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Condition

(in thousands except share data)


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(unaudited)		(audited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	41,895	$	107,744
Available for sale securities, amortized cost of $ 339,495 at September 30, 2025; $ 345,867 at December 31, 2024		312,461		308,648
Held to maturity securities, fair value of $ 86,000 at September 30, 2025; $ 111,112 at December 31, 2024		95,492		123,196
Less: Allowance for credit losses on held to maturity securities		40		40
Held to maturity securities, net		95,452		123,156
Other investments		350		350
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock, at cost		1,144		608
Loans		252,671		233,576
Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases		2,934		2,982
Loans, net		249,737		230,594
Bank premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation		17,765		18,712
Other real estate		—		9
Accrued interest receivable		3,122		3,516
Cash surrender value of life insurance		22,361		22,026
Intangible asset		429		476
Other assets		13,350		16,010
Total assets	$	758,066	$	831,849
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand, non-interest bearing	$	172,017	$	235,183
Savings and demand, interest bearing		427,104		434,680
Time, $250,000 or more		12,654		20,563
Other time deposits		25,801		30,304
Total deposits		637,576		720,730
Employee and director benefit plans liabilities		19,183		19,201
Other liabilities		1,298		1,917
Total liabilities		658,057		741,848
Shareholders' Equity:
Common stock, $ 1 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized, 4,617,466 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024		4,617		4,617
Surplus		65,780		65,780
Undivided profits		58,855		56,491
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		( 29,243 )		( 36,887 )
Total shareholders' equity		100,009		90,001
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	758,066	$	831,849

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Peoples Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands except per share data) (unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest income:
Interest and fees on loans	$	3,870	$	3,649	$	10,901	$	10,676
Interest and dividends on securities:
U. S. Treasuries		1,189		1,753		4,139		5,941
Mortgage-backed securities		322		561		1,266		1,887
States and political subdivisions		965		980		2,857		2,984
Collateralized mortgage obligations		500		749		1,593		2,404
Other investments		7		40		20		115
Interest on balances due from depository institutions		57		98		1,157		1,447
Total interest income		6,910		7,830		21,933		25,454
Interest expense:
Deposits		2,046		1,760		5,919		5,953
Borrowings		288		791		298		1,626
Total interest expense		2,334		2,551		6,217		7,579
Net interest income		4,576		5,279		15,716		17,875
Provision for credit losses		—		( 48 )		( 5 )		( 48 )
Net interest income after provision for credit losses		4,576		5,327		15,721		17,923
Non-interest income:
Trust department income and fees		662		628		1,912		1,863
Service charges on deposit accounts		790		780		2,377		2,360
Gain (loss) on sale of other real estate		11		—		11		—
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance		139		123		381		363
Gain (loss) on sale of property, plant and equipment, net		—		4		—		46
Other income		326		215		727		622
Total non-interest income		1,928		1,750		5,408		5,254
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits		2,806		2,768		8,251		7,938
Net occupancy		572		558		1,699		1,644
Equipment rentals, depreciation and maintenance		726		784		2,201		2,239
FDIC and state banking assessments		107		122		308		320
Data processing		346		311		1,036		955
ATM expense		395		265		932		668
Other real estate expense		—		1		—		1
Legal expense		( 51 )		29		122		349
Other expense		817		905		2,622		2,583
Total non-interest expense		5,718		5,743		17,171		16,697
Income before income taxes		786		1,334		3,958		6,480
Income tax (benefit) expense		143		( 14,097 )		763		( 13,695 )
Net income	$	643	$	15,431	$	3,195	$	20,175
Basic and diluted earnings per share	$	0.14	$	3.31	$	0.69	$	4.33
Dividends declared per share	$	—	$	—	$	0.18	$	0.18

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Peoples Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands) (unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	643	$	15,431	$	3,195	$	20,175
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities, net of tax		2,856		6,762		7,644		7,774
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		2,856		6,762		7,644		7,774
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	3,499	$	22,193	$	10,839	$	27,949

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Peoples Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024

(in thousands except share data) (unaudited)


								Accumulated
	Number of							Other
	Common	Common				Undivided		Comprehensive
	Shares	Stock		Surplus		Profits		Income (loss)		Total
Balance, January 1, 2024	4,661,686	$	4,662	$	65,780	$	37,574	$	( 38,733 )	$	69,283
Net income							2,415				2,415
Other comprehensive income (loss)									( 1,035 )		( 1,035 )
Balance, March 31, 2024	4,661,686	$	4,662	$	65,780	$	39,989	$	( 39,768 )	$	70,663
Net income							2,329				2,329
Other comprehensive income (loss)									2,047		2,047
Dividend declared ($ 0.18 per share)							( 839 )				( 839 )
Balance, June 30, 2024	4,661,686	$	4,662	$	65,780	$	41,479	$	( 37,721 )	$	74,200
Net income							15,431				15,431
Other comprehensive (loss)									6,762		6,762
Balance, September 30, 2024	4,661,686	$	4,662	$	65,780	$	56,910	$	( 30,959 )	$	96,393
Balance, January 1, 2025	4,617,466	$	4,617	$	65,780	$	56,491	$	( 36,887 )	$	90,001
Net income							1,310				1,310
Other comprehensive income (loss)									3,144		3,144
Balance, March 31, 2025	4,617,466	$	4,617	$	65,780	$	57,801	$	( 33,743 )	$	94,455
Net income							1,242				1,242
Other comprehensive income (loss)									1,644		1,644
Dividend declared ($ 0.18 per share)							( 831 )				( 831 )
Balance, June 30, 2025	4,617,466	$	4,617	$	65,780	$	58,212	$	( 32,099 )	$	96,510
Net income							643				643
Other comprehensive income (loss)									2,856		2,856
Balance, September 30, 2025	4,617,466	$	4,617	$	65,780	$	58,855	$	( 29,243 )	$	100,009

Note: Balances as of January 1, 2025 and 2024 were audited.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Peoples Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands) (unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Years Ended December 31,
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	3,195	$	20,175
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		1,228		1,252
Reduction in credit losses		( 5 )		( 48 )
Amortization of intangible asset		47		47
(Accretion) amortization of available for sale securities		( 1,089 )		( 2,231 )
Amortization (accretion) of held to maturity securities		284		313
Gain on sale of other real estate		( 11 )		—
Gain on sale of bank premises and equipment		—		( 46 )
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance		( 381 )		( 363 )
Gain from death benefits from life insurance		( 125 )		—
Change in accrued interest receivable		394		( 88 )
Change in deferred tax		61		( 14,079 )
Change in other assets		68		( 996 )
Change in employee and director benefit plan liabilities and other liabilities		( 632 )		156
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities	$	3,034	$	4,092
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of available for sale securities	$	120,546	$	173,258
Purchases of available for sale securities		( 113,085 )		( 163,069 )
Proceeds from maturities of held to maturity securities		27,420		16,963
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock		( 536 )		1,900
Proceeds from sales of other real estate		27		9
Loans, net change		( 19,159 )		( 962 )
Acquisition of bank premises and equipment		( 281 )		( 942 )
Proceeds from sale of bank premises and equipment		—		65
Proceeds from death benefits from life insurance		270		—
Investment in cash surrender value of life insurance		( 100 )		( 112 )
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities		15,102		27,110
Cash flows from financing activities:
Demand and savings deposits, net change		( 70,742 )		( 30,788 )
Time deposits, net change		( 12,412 )		8,384
Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Bank		475,390		829,150
Repayments to Federal Home Loan Bank		( 475,390 )		( 847,650 )
Other borrowings and borrowings under Bank Term Funding Program		196		30,000
Repayments to other borrowings and borrowings under Bank Term Funding Program		( 196 )		—
Cash dividends		( 831 )		( 839 )
Net cash (used) provided by financing activities		( 83,985 )		( 11,743 )
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		( 65,849 )		19,459
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		107,744		22,794
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	41,895	$	42,253
Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing activities
Transfer from loans to other real estate owned	$	16	$	9

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

PEOPLES FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1. Basis of Presentation:

Peoples Financial Corporation (the “Company”) is a one-bank holding company headquartered in Biloxi, Mississippi. The Company has two subsidiaries, PFC Service Corp., an inactive company, and The Peoples Bank, Biloxi, Mississippi (the “Bank”). The Bank provides a full range of banking, financial and trust services to state, county and local government entities and individuals and small and commercial businesses operating in those portions of Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama which are within a fifty-mile radius of the Waveland, Wiggins and Gautier branches, the Bank’s three most outlying locations (the “trade area”).

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the results of their operations and their cash flows for the periods presented. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report and Form 10-K.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The results of operations for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates common to the banking industry that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term include, but are not limited to, the determination of the allowance for credit losses (ACL) and valuation allowances associated with the realization of deferred tax assets, which are based on future taxable income.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to GAAP and general practices within the banking industry.

There were no material changes or developments during the reporting period with respect to methodologies that the Company uses when applying what management believes are critical accounting policies and developing critical accounting estimates as disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Allowance for credit losses

In general, the Company uses a broad range of data to estimate current expected credit losses (“CECL”), including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts relevant to assessing the collectability of the cash flows of financial assets.

CECL requires the Bank to measure expected credit losses on financial assets carried at amortized cost on a collective or pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Bank has determined that Call Report categories will be utilized, and Management will maintain the option to further segment the portfolio if we deem it beneficial to the analysis.

The Company’s loan portfolio segments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

Real Estate Loans

Residential-Residential mortgage loans are susceptible to weakening general economic conditions, increases in unemployment rates, and declining real estate values.

Construction-Risk common to commercial construction loans are cost overruns, changes in market demand for property, inadequate long-term financing arrangements, and declines in real estate values. Residential construction loans are susceptible to those same risks as well as those associated with residential mortgage loans. Changes in market demand for property could lead to longer marketing times resulting in higher carrying costs, declining values, and higher interest rates.

Nonresidential-Risks to this loan category include industry concentration and the inability to monitor the condition of collateral. Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt, declines in real estate values, and lack of suitable alternative use for properties. These loans are also susceptible to declines in occupancy rates, business failure, and general economic conditions.

Commercial and Industrial-Risk to this loan category include industry concentration and the practical limitations associated with monitoring the condition of the collateral which often consists of inventory, accounts receivable, and other non-real estate assets. Equipment and inventory obsolescence can also pose a risk. Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt.

Other-Risk common to these loans include regulatory risks, unemployment, changes in local economic conditions, and the inability to monitor collateral consisting of personal property.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation-Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Accounting Standards Update –In September 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-07 (“ASU 2025-07”), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2025-07 adds a scope exception from derivative accounting for contracts that are not exchange-traded and have underlying features based on the operations or activities specific to one of the parties involved. This aims to reduce complexity in evaluating whether certain contracts qualify as derivatives. The update also clarifies that the revenue guidance in Topic 606 applies to share-based noncash consideration received from customers for the transfer of goods or services. This means that entities must first apply the revenue recognition guidance before considering other topics like derivatives or equity securities. ASU 2025-07 will be effective for interim and annual periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. Early adoption is permitted for entities that have not yet issued their financial statements. Management has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there would be no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Accounting Standards Update –In September 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-06 (“ASU 2025-06”), Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). ASU 2025-06 has the following key changes: 1. Modernization of Guidance: The update aims to modernize the accounting for software costs under Subtopic 350-40, reflecting the evolution of software development practices from traditional waterfall methods to more iterative and flexible agile methodologies. This change addresses stakeholder feedback indicating that existing guidance was outdated and did not align with current practices. 2. Capitalization Criteria: The ASU clarifies the criteria for capitalizing software costs. Previously, costs could only be capitalized after completing the preliminary project stage. Now, costs can be capitalized once management authorizes and commits to funding a software project, regardless of the development method used. 3. Relocation of Website Development Costs: The guidance on website development costs has been relocated from Subtopic 350-50 to Subtopic 350-40, ensuring consistency in how these costs are treated alongside internal-use software. 4. Removal of Development Stages: The ASU removes references to discrete development stages, acknowledging that software development is often non-linear and iterative. This change

aims to simplify the application of the guidance and reduce complexity for entities using agile development practices. The amendments in ASU 2025-06 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, for all entities. Early adoption is permitted for entities that have not yet issued their financial statements. Management has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there would be no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Accounting Standards Update –In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-05 (“ASU 2025-05”), Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. ASU 2025-05 is intended to provide all entities with a practical expedient and entities other than public business entities with an accounting policy election when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606 as follows: 1. Practical expedient. In developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses, all entities may elect a practical expedient that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. 2. Accounting policy election. An entity other than a public business entity that elects the practical expedient is permitted to make an accounting policy election to consider collection activity after the balance sheet date when estimating expected credit losses. The amendments are expected to provide decision-useful information to investors and other financial statement users while reducing the time and effort necessary to analyze and estimate credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets. ASU 2025-05 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted in both interim and annual reporting periods in which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. Management has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there would be no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Accounting Standards Update –In May 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-04 (“ASU 2025-04”), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Clarifications to Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer. ASU 2025-04 is intended to reduce diversity in practice and improve existing guidance, primarily by revising the definition of a “performance condition” and eliminating a forfeiture policy election for service conditions associated with share-based consideration payable to a customer. In addition, the ASU clarifies that the guidance in ASC 606 on the variable consideration constraint does not apply to share-based consideration payable to a customer “regardless of whether an award’s grant date has occurred” (as determined under ASC 718). ASU 2025-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Management has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there would be no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Accounting Standards Update –In May 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-03 (“ASU 2025-03”), Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity. ASU 2025-03 is intended to improve comparability between business combinations that involve VIEs and those that do not. Under ASU 2025-03 a reporting entity involved in a business combination effected primarily by the exchange of equity interests must consider the factors in ASC 805-10-55-12 through 55-15 to determine which entity is the accounting acquirer regardless of whether the legal acquiree is a Variable Interest Entity. More specifically, when considering those factors, the reporting entity can determine that a transaction in which the legal acquiree is a Variable Interest Entity represents a reverse acquisition (in which the legal acquirer is identified as the acquiree for accounting purposes). As a result, comparability is increased with business combinations in which the legal acquiree is a Voting Interest Entity. ASU 2025-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Management has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there would be no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Accounting Standards Update –In March 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-02 (“ASU 2025-02”), Liabilities (Topic 405)-Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 122. ASU 2025-02 amends the guidance in ASC 450-10-S99-1 to remove the text of SAB Topic 5.FF, Accounting for Obligations to Safeguard Crypto-Assets an Entity Holds for Its Platform Users. The change was made as a result of the release of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 122, which rescinded SAB Topic 5.FF. The update

affects SEC registrants, makes amendments to the (“GAAP”) generally accepted accounting principles taxonomy and is effective upon issuance. Management has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there would be no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Accounting Standards Update –In January 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-01 (“ASU 2025-01”), Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective date. ASU 2025-031(Subtopic 220-40) The Board issued this update to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03-Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, for non-calendar-year-end entities. The Board issued Update 2024-03 on November 4, 2024. Update 2024-03 states that the amendments are effective for all public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. Management has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there would be no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

2.	Earnings Per Share:

Per share data is based on the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding of 4,617,466 and 4,661,686 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

3.	Statements of Cash Flows:

The Company has defined cash and cash equivalents as cash and due from banks. Cash and due from banks for the purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, include cash on hand, balances due from banks; which includes non-interest- and interest-bearing accounts, and federal funds sold, all of which mature within ninety days.

The Company paid $ 6,239,367 and $ 7,571,786 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, for interest on deposits and borrowings. The Company paid $ 380,000 and $ 835,000 in estimated income tax payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. One loan was transferred to other real estate and the collateral sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and two loans were transferred to other real estate and the collateral sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

4.	Investments:

The Company evaluated credit impairment for individual securities available for sale (AFS) whose fair value was below amortized cost with a more than inconsequential risk of default and where the Company had assessed the decline in fair value significant enough to suggest a credit event occurred. Due to the zero credit loss assumption and the considerations applied to the securities AFS, there was no ACL recorded for securities AFS as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company first established an allowance for credit losses for individual securities held to maturity in 2023 and evaluated impairment for individual securities held to maturity again as of December 31, 2024 and determined an allowance for credit loss of $ 40,000 was appropriate. No additional impairment was recorded as of September 30, 2025.

The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses related to securities at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, are as follows (in thousands):


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
September 30, 2025	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	132,226		114	$	( 4,426 )	$	127,914
Mortgage-backed securities		43,704		64		( 3,189 )		40,579
Collateralized mortgage obligations		63,520		43		( 3,780 )		59,783
States and political subdivisions		100,045		—		( 15,860 )		84,185
Total available for sale securities	$	339,495	$	221	$	( 27,255 )	$	312,461


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
December 31, 2024	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	124,320	$	150	$	( 7,425 )	$	117,045
Mortgage-backed securities		46,845		35		( 4,368 )		42,512
Collateralized mortgage obligations		73,857		77		( 5,070 )		68,864
States and political subdivisions		100,845		—		( 20,618 )		80,227
Total available for sale securities	$	345,867	$	262	$	( 37,481 )	$	308,648


			Gross		Gross				Allowance		Net
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated		for Credit		Carrying
September 30, 2025	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Amount
Held to maturity securities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	14,988	$	19	$	( 141 )	$	14,866	$	—	$	14,988
States and political subdivisions		80,504		13		( 9,383 )		71,134		( 40 )		80,464
Total held to maturity securities	$	95,492	$	32	$	( 9,524 )	$	86,000	$	( 40 )	$	95,452


			Gross		Gross				Allowance		Net
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated		for Credit		Carrying
December 31, 2024	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Amount
Held to maturity securities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	39,978	$	20	$	( 450 )	$	39,548	$	—	$	39,978
States and political subdivisions		83,218		14		( 11,668 )		71,564		( 40 )		83,178
Total held to maturity securities	$	123,196	$	34	$	( 12,118 )	$	111,112	$	( 40 )	$	123,156

The following table shows a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands):



	State and political
	subdivisions
Balance, December 31, 2024	$	40
Provision for credit losses		—
Charge-offs of securities		—
Recoveries		—
Balance, September 30, 2025	$	40


	State and political
	subdivisions
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	30
Provision for credit losses		—
Charge-offs of securities		—
Recoveries		—
Balance, September 30, 2024	$	30

The Company monitors the credit quality of the debt securities held-to-maturity through the use of credit ratings. The Company monitors the credit ratings on a quarterly basis. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of debt

securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, aggregated by credit quality indicators (in thousands):


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Aaa	$	—	$	39,978
Aa1/Aa2/Aa3		48,714		33,961
A1/A2		3,139		3,164
Baa1/Baa2		1,000		1,000
Not rated		42,639		45,093
Total	$	95,492	$	123,196

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no securities held-to-maturity that were past due 30 days or more as to principal or interest payments. The Company had no securities held-to-maturity classified as nonaccrual for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2025, (in thousands) by contractual maturity, are shown below . Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available for sale securities:
Due in one year or less	$	57,665	$	57,773
Due after one year through five years		91,003		85,259
Due after five years through ten years		48,211		41,118
Due after ten years		35,392		27,949
Mortgage-backed securities		43,704		40,579
Collaterized mortgage obligations		63,520		59,783
Total	$	339,495	$	312,461
Held to maturity securities:
Due in one year or less	$	8,713	$	8,721
Due after one year through five years		41,255		39,542
Due after five years through ten years		27,384		24,381
Due after ten years		18,140		13,356
Total	$	95,492	$	86,000

Available for sale securities with gross unrealized losses at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, are as follows (in thousands):



		Less Than Twelve Months				Over Twelve Months				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
Available for Sale	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
September 30, 2025:
U.S. Treasuries	$	17,901	$	7	$	70,142		4,419		88,043	$	4,426
Mortgage-backed securities		3,459		25		31,027		3,164		34,486		3,189
Collateralized mortgage obligations		4,969		27		45,239		3,753		50,208		3,780
States and political subdivisions		1,816		195		82,369		15,665		84,185		15,860
Total	$	28,145	$	254	$	228,777	$	27,001	$	256,922	$	27,255


	Less Than Twelve Months				Over Twelve Months				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
Available for Sale	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
December 31, 2024:
U.S. Treasuries	$	—	$	—	$	81,991	$	7,425		81,991	$	7,425
Mortgage-backed securities		3,993		20		36,388		4,348		40,381		4,368
Collateralized mortgage obligations		1,728		9		51,513		5,061		53,241		5,070
States and political subdivisions		—		—		80,087		20,618		80,087		20,618
Total	$	5,721	$	29	$	249,979	$	37,452	$	255,700	$	37,481

At September 30, 2025, 10 of the 18 Treasuries, 40 of the 46 mortgage-backed securities, 23 of the 27 collateralized mortgage obligations and 75 of the 75 securities issued by states and political subdivisions contained unrealized losses.

There were no sales of available for sale debt securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

Securities with a fair value of $ 268,548,473 and $ 311,774,135 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, federal funds purchased and other balances required by law.

Loans:

The composition of the loan portfolio at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Real estate, residential	$	81,131	$	78,952
Real estate, construction		22,309		17,016
Real estate, nonresidential		125,881		114,263
Commercial and industrial		13,145		13,381
Other		10,205		9,964
Total	$	252,671	$	233,576

The age analysis of the loan portfolio, segregated by class of loans, as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):


													Loans Past
													Due Greater
	Number of Days Past Due												Than 90
					Greater		Total				Total		Days and
	30 - 59		60 - 89		Than 90		Past Due		Current		Loans		Still Accruing
September 30, 2025:
Real estate, residential	$	567	$	45	$	307	$	919	$	80,212	$	81,131	$	100
Real estate, construction		58		—		—		58		22,251		22,309		—
Real estate, nonresidential		288		—		220		508		125,373		125,881		—
Commercial and industrial		28		—		—		28		13,117		13,145		—
Other		103		1		—		104		10,101		10,205		—
Total	$	1,044	$	46	$	527	$	1,617	$	251,054	$	252,671	$	100
December 31, 2024:
Real estate, residential	$	410	$	33	$	337	$	780	$	78,172	$	78,952	$	—
Real estate, construction		61		—		—		61		16,955		17,016		—
Real estate, nonresidential		749		—		—		749		113,514		114,263		—
Commercial and industrial		40		11		—		51		13,330		13,381		—
Other		20		10		—		30		9,934		9,964		—
Total	$	1,280	$	54	$	337	$	1,671	$	231,905	$	233,576	$	—

The Company monitors the credit quality of its loan portfolio through the use of a loan grading system. A score of 1 – 5 is assigned to the loan based on factors including repayment ability, trends in net worth and/or financial condition of the borrower and guarantors, employment stability, management ability, loan to value fluctuations, the type and structure of the loan, conformity of the loan to bank policy and payment performance. Based on the total score, a loan grade of A, B, C, S, D, E or F is applied. A grade of A will generally be applied to loans for customers that are well known to the Company and that have excellent sources of repayment. A grade of B will generally be applied to loans for customers that have excellent sources of repayment which have no identifiable risk of collection. A grade of C will generally be applied to loans for customers that have adequate sources of repayment which have little identifiable risk of collection. A grade of S will generally be applied to loans for customers who meet the criteria for a grade of C but also warrant additional monitoring by placement on the watch list. A grade of D will generally be applied to loans for customers that are inadequately protected by current sound net worth, paying capacity of the borrower, or pledged collateral. Loans with a grade of D have unsatisfactory characteristics such as cash flow deficiencies, bankruptcy filing by the borrower or dependence on the sale of collateral for the primary source of repayment, causing more than acceptable levels of risk. Loans 60 to 89 days past due receive a grade of D. A grade of E will generally be applied to loans for customers with weaknesses inherent in the D classification and in which collection or liquidation in full is questionable. In addition, on a monthly basis the Company determines which loans are 90 days or more past due and assigns a grade of E to them.

A grade of F is applied to loans which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance in an active bank is not warranted. Loans with this grade are charged off, even though partial or full recovery may be possible in the future.

The following tables further disaggregates credit quality disclosures by amortized cost by class and vintage for term loans and by revolving and revolving converted to amortizing as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands). The Company defines vintage as the later of origination, or restructure date.


	Term Loans														Revolving
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year														Loans
													Revolving		Converted to
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
September 30, 2025:
Real Estate, Residential Loans:
A, B, or C	$	8,192	$	10,348	$	12,142	$	12,619	$	9,419	$	21,533	$	3,880	$	1,805	$	79,938
S		—		—		—		—		—		51		60		—		111
D		—		—		—		—		—		534		—		—		534
E		—		169		—		—		277		102		—		—		548
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Real Estate Residential Loans	$	8,192	$	10,517	$	12,142	$	12,619	$	9,696	$	22,220	$	3,940	$	1,805	$	81,131

Real Estate, Construction Loans:
A, B, or C	$	993	$	2,658	$	363	$	1,384	$	1,790	$	3,173	$	11,693	$	—	$	22,054
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		—		118		—		—		137		—		—		255
E		—		—		—		—		—		—				—		—
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Real Estate, Construction Loans	$	993	$	2,658	$	481	$	1,384	$	1,790	$	3,310	$	11,693	$	—	$	22,309

Real Estate,Nonresidential Loans:
A, B, or C	$	15,223	$	2,560	$	10,586	$	20,655	$	9,840	$	43,455	$	22,825	$	—	$	125,144
S		—		—		—		—		—		51		—		—		51
D		—		—		—		—		—		466		—		—		466
E		—		—		—		—		—		220		—		—		220
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Real Estate, Nonresidential Loans	$	15,223	$	2,560	$	10,586	$	20,655	$	9,840	$	44,192	$	22,825	$	—	$	125,881

Commercial and industrial
A, B, or C	$	1,441	$	930	$	361	$	327	$	5	$	2,493	$	7,550	$	—	$	13,107
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		—		—		13		—		—		—		—		13
E		—		—		—		—		—		25		—		—		25
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial and Industrial Loans	$	1,441	$	930	$	361	$	340	$	5	$	2,518	$	7,550	$	—	$	13,145

Consumer/Other Loans
A, B, or C	$	3,577	$	2,729	$	2,149	$	563	$	256	$	395	$	528	$	—	$	10,197
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		4		—		—		—		—		4		—		8
E		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Consumer/Other Loans	$	3,577	$	2,733	$	2,149	$	563	$	256	$	395	$	532	$	—	$	10,205


	Term Loans														Revolving
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year														Loans
													Revolving		Converted to
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
December 31, 2024:
Real Estate, Residential Loans:
A, B, or C	$	10,203	$	11,135	$	14,611	$	10,386	$	4,348	$	19,348	$	4,448	$	3,537	$	78,016
S		—		—		—		—		—		56		—		—		56
D		—		—		—		—		124		338		—		—		462
E		—		—		—		295		—		123		—		—		418
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Real Estate Residential Loans	$	10,203	$	11,135	$	14,611	$	10,681	$	4,472	$	19,865	$	4,448	$	3,537	$	78,952

Real Estate, Construction Loans:
A, B, or C	$	2,876	$	425	$	1,464	$	1,916	$	854	$	2,701	$	6,578	$	—	$	16,814
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		121		—		—		81		—		—		—		202
E		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Real Estate, Construction Loans	$	2,876	$	546	$	1,464	$	1,916	$	935	$	2,701	$	6,578	$	—	$	17,016

Real Estate,Nonresidential Loans:
A, B, or C	$	2,711	$	11,191	$	24,434	$	10,290	$	13,344	$	34,096	$	17,672	$	—	$	113,738
S		—		—		—		—		—		62		—		—		62
D		—		—		—		—		—		463		—		—		463
E		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Real Estate, Nonresidential Loans	$	2,711	$	11,191	$	24,434	$	10,290	$	13,344	$	34,621	$	17,672	$	—	$	114,263

Commercial and industrial
A, B, or C	$	1,187	$	488	$	524	$	638	$	167	$	2,542	$	7,813	$	—	$	13,359
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		22		—		—		—		—		—		—		22
E		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial and Industrial Loans	$	1,187	$	510	$	524	$	638	$	167	$	2,542	$	7,813	$	—	$	13,381

Consumer/Other Loans
A, B, or C	$	4,725	$	3,258	$	804	$	401	$	262	$	254	$	254	$	—	$	9,958
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		—		1		—		—		—		5		—		6
E		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Consumer/Other Loans	$	4,725	$	3,258	$	805	$	401	$	262	$	254	$	259	$	—	$	9,964

The following table is a summary of the Company’s nonaccrual loans by major categories for the periods indicated (in thousands):



	September 30, 2025
	Nonaccrual Loans with		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Nonaccrual
	No Allowance		with an Allowance		Loans
Real estate, residential	$	378	$	170	$	548
Real estate, nonresidential		220		—		220
Commercial and industrial		25		—		25
Total	$	623	$	170	$	793


	December 31, 2024
	Nonaccrual Loans with		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Nonaccrual
	No Allowance		with an Allowance		Loans
Real estate, residential	$	418	$	—	$	418
Total	$	418	$	—	$	418

The Company recognized no interest income on nonaccrual loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 or the year ended December 31, 2024.

The following table represents the accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Real estate, residential	$	3	$	3
Total loans	$	3	$	3

The Company designates individually evaluated loans on nonaccrual status as collateral-dependent loans, as well as other loans that management of the Company designates as having higher risk. Collateral-dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These loans do not share common risk characteristics and are not included within the collectively evaluated loans for determining the allowance for credit losses. Under CECL, for collateral-dependent loans, the Company has adopted the practical expedient to measure the allowance for credit losses based on the fair value of collateral. The allowance for credit losses is calculated on an individual loan basis based on the shortfall between the fair value of the loan’s collateral, which is adjusted for liquidation costs/discounts, and amortized cost. If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the amortized cost, no allowance is required.

The following table presents an analysis of collateral-dependent loans of the Company as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	Residential		Residential
	Properties		Properties
Real estate, residential	$	553	$	424
Real estate, nonresidential		220		—
Commercial and industrial		25		—
Total loans	$	798	$	424

The following tables further disaggregates nonaccrual disclosures by amortized cost by class and vintage for term loans and by revolving and revolving converted to amortizing as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands). The Company defines vintage as the later of origination or restructure date:


	Term Loans														Revolving
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year														Loans
													Revolving		Converted to
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
September 30, 2025:
Real estate, residential	$	—	$	169	$	—	$	—	$	277	$	102	$	—	$	—	$	548
Real estate, construction		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Real estate, nonresidential		—		—		—		—		—		220		—		—		220
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		—		25		—		—		25
Consumer/Other		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Loans on Nonaccrual	$	—	$	169	$	—	$	—	$	277	$	347	$	—	$	—	$	793


	Term Loans														Revolving
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year														Loans
													Revolving		Converted to
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
December 31, 2024:
Real estate, residential	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	295	$	—	$	123	$	—	$	—	$	418
Real estate, construction		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Real estate, nonresidential		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer/Other		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Loans on Nonaccrual	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	295	$	—	$	123	$	—	$	—	$	418

The Company had no loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of September 30, 2025 and had one loan modification as of December 31, 2024.

6.	Allowance for Credit Losses:

The following tables show activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 as well as the corresponding recorded investment in loans at the end of each period.

The calculation of the allowance for credit losses under CECL is performed using two primary approaches: a collective approach for pools of loans that have similar risk characteristics using a loss rate analysis, and a specific reserve analysis for credits individually evaluated.

Transactions in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the balances of loans, individually and collectively evaluated for impairment, as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, are as follows (in thousands):


	Real Estate,		Real Estate,		Real Estate,		Commercial
	Residential		Construction		Nonresidential		and Industrial		Other		Total
Nine months ended September 30, 2025
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance	$	676	$	135	$	1,835	$	92	$	244	$	2,982
Charge-offs		( 6 )		—		—		( 22 )		( 147 )		( 175 )
Recoveries		7		32		4		—		68		111
Net provision for credit losses		41		( 4 )		( 27 )		13		( 7 )		16
Ending Balance	$	718	$	163	$	1,812	$	83	$	158	$	2,934
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
Beginning balance	$	2	$	23	$	10	$	12	$	36	$	83
Provision for losses on unfunded commitments		—		( 14 )		2		3		( 12 )		( 21 )
Ending balance-reserve for unfunded commitments	$	2	$	9	$	12	$	15	$	24	$	62
Total allowance for credit losses	$	720	$	172	$	1,824	$	98	$	182	$	2,996
Quarter ended September 30, 2025
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance	$	730	$	146	$	1,796	$	75	$	219	$	2,966
Charge-offs		( 3 )		—		—		( 22 )		( 48 )		( 73 )
Recoveries		2		8		1		—		17		28
Net provision for credit losses		( 11 )		9		15		30		( 30 )		13
Ending Balance	$	718	$	163	$	1,812	$	83	$	158	$	2,934
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
Beginning balance	$	2	$	20	$	15	$	14	$	24	$	75
Provision for losses on unfunded commitments		—		( 11 )		( 3 )		1		—		( 13 )
Ending balance-reserve for unfunded commitments	$	2	$	9	$	12	$	15	$	24	$	62
Total allowance for credit losses	$	720	$	172	$	1,824	$	98	$	182	$	2,996
Allowance for credit losses
Individually evaluated	$	80	$	—	$	—	$	13	$	8	$	101
Collectively evaluated		638		163		1,812		70		150		2,833
Total allowance for credit losses:	$	718	$	163	$	1,812	$	83	$	158	$	2,934
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
Individually evaluated	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively evaluated		2		9		12		15		24		62
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:		2		9		12		15		24		62
Total allowance for credit losses, September 30, 2025	$	720	$	172	$	1,824	$	98	$	182	$	2,996
Loans, Quarter ended September 30, 2025
Individually evaluated	$	1,142	$	255	$	686	$	38	$	8	$	2,129
Collectively evaluated		79,989		22,054		125,195		13,107		10,197		250,542
Total loans, September 30, 2025	$	81,131	$	22,309	$	125,881	$	13,145	$	10,205	$	252,671


	Real Estate,		Real Estate,		Real Estate,		Commercial
	Residential		Construction		Nonresidential		and Industrial		Other		Total
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance	$	971	$	173	$	1,807	$	54	$	219	$	3,224
Charge-offs		( 57 )		—		—		—		( 165 )		( 222 )
Recoveries		55		29		3		—		102		189
Net provision for credit losses		( 272 )		( 17 )		37		26		126		( 100 )
Ending Balance	$	697	$	185	$	1,847	$	80	$	282	$	3,091
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
Beginning balance	$	2	$	34	$	5	$	10	$	4	$	55
Provision for losses on unfunded commitments		1		5		6		2		38		52
Ending balance-reserve for unfunded commitments	$	3	$	39	$	11	$	12	$	42	$	107
Total allowance for credit losses	$	700	$	224	$	1,858	$	92	$	324	$	3,198
Quarter ended September 30, 2024
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance	$	781	$	203	$	1,857	$	74	$	235	$	3,150
Charge-offs		( 11 )		—		—		—		( 33 )		( 44 )
Recoveries		—		9		1		—		15		25
Net provision for credit losses		( 73 )		( 27 )		( 11 )		6		65		( 40 )
Ending Balance	$	697	$	185	$	1,847	$	80	$	282	$	3,091
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
Beginning balance	$	2	$	44	$	12	$	11	$	46	$	115
Provision for losses on unfunded commitments		1		( 5 )		( 1 )		1		( 4 )		( 8 )
Ending balance-reserve for unfunded commitments	$	3	$	39	$	11	$	12	$	42	$	107
Total allowance for credit losses	$	700	$	224	$	1,858	$	92	$	324	$	3,198
Allowance for credit losses
Individually evaluated	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	11	$	11
Collectively evaluated		697		185		1,847		80		271		3,080
Total allowance for credit losses:	$	697	$	185	$	1,847	$	80	$	282	$	3,091
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
Individually evaluated	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively evaluated		3		39		11		12		42		107
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:		3		39		11		12		42		107
Total allowance for credit losses, September 30, 2024	$	700	$	224	$	1,858	$	92	$	324	$	3,198
Loans, Quarter ended September 30, 2024
Individually evaluated	$	1,064	$	203	$	464	$	23	$	36	$	1,790
Collectively evaluated		80,383		23,036		111,525		12,113		10,412		237,469
Total loans, September 30, 2024	$	81,447	$	23,239	$	111,989	$	12,136	$	10,448	$	239,259

The following table further disaggregates gross charge-off disclosures by amortized cost by credit quality indicator, class, and year of origination for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 (in thousands). The Company defines vintage as the later of origination or restructure date.


	Term Loans														Revolving
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year														Loans
													Revolving		Converted to
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
September 30, 2025:
Real estate, residential	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
A,B, or C		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
E		—		—		—		—		—		6		—		—		6
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Real estate, nonresidential loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	6	$	—	$	—	$	6
Commercial and industrial
A,B, or C	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
E		—		—		22		—		—		—		—		—		22
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Consumer/Other Loans	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	22
Consumer/Other
A,B, or C	$	118	$	4	$	9	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	132
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		12		—		—		—		—		—		—		12
E		—		3		—		—		—		—		—		—		3
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Consumer/Other Loans	$	118	$	19	$	9	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	147
Total Gross Loan Chargeoffs:	$	118	$	19	$	31	$	—	$	1	$	6	$	—	$	—	$	175


	Term Loans														Revolving
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year														Loans
													Revolving		Converted to
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
September 30, 2024:
Real estate, nonresidential	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
A,B, or C		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
E		—		—		—		—		—		57		—		—		57
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Real estate, nonresidential loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	57	$	—	$	—	$	57
Consumer/Other
A,B, or C	$	121	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	122
S		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
D		—		6		—		—		—		7		—		—		13
E		—		7		20		—		—		3		—		—		30
F		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Consumer/Other Loans	$	121	$	14	$	20	$	—	$	—	$	10	$	—	$	—	$	165
Total Gross Loan Chargeoffs:	$	121	$	14	$	20	$	—	$	—	$	67	$	—	$	—	$	222

7.	Shareholders’ Equity:

On May 28, 2025 , the Board declared a dividend of $ 0.18 per share payable on June 13, 2025 , to shareholders of record on June 11, 2025 . On May 22, 2024 , the Board declared a dividend of $ 0.18 per share payable June 10, 2024 , to shareholders of record on June 05, 2024 .

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, are as follows:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Beginning balance accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	$	( 36,887 )	$	( 38,733 )
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities, net of tax		7,644		1,875
(Loss) gain from unfunded post-retirement benefit obligation, net of tax		—		( 29 )
Ending balance accumulated other comprehensive (loss)income	$	( 29,243 )	$	( 36,887 )

8.	Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures:

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Available for sale securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record other assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis, such as impaired loans and ORE. These non-recurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. Additionally, the Company is required to disclose, but not record, the fair value of other financial instruments.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

Level 2 - Valuation is based upon quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include the use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used to determine the fair value of financial assets and liabilities.

Cash and Due from Banks

The carrying amount shown as cash and due from banks approximates fair value.

Investments

The fair value of available for sale securities and held to maturity securities is based on quoted market prices. The Company’s available for sale and held to maturity securities are reported at their amortized cost, and their estimated fair value, which is determined utilizing several sources, is disclosed in the financial statements and footnotes. The primary

source is ICE Data Pricing and Reference Data, LLC (“ICE”) which purchased Interactive Data Corporation (“IDC”) but kept the IDC methodologies. Those methodologies include utilizing pricing models that vary based on asset class and include available trade, bid and other market information and whose methodology includes broker quotes, proprietary models and vast descriptive databases. Another source for determining fair value is matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark securities. The Company’s available for sale securities and held to maturity securities for which fair value is determined through the use of such pricing models and matrix pricing are classified as Level 2 assets.

Loans

The fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings for the remaining maturities. The cash flows considered in computing the fair value of such loans are segmented into categories relating to the nature of the contract and collateral based on contractual principal maturities. Appropriate adjustments are made to reflect probable credit losses. Cash flows have not been adjusted for such factors as prepayment risk or the effect of the maturity of balloon notes. The fair value of floating rate loans is estimated to be its carrying value. At each reporting period, the Company determines which loans are collateral dependent. Accordingly, the Company’s collateral dependent loans are reported at their estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis. An allowance for each loan, which is generally collateral-dependent, is calculated based on the fair value of its collateral. The fair value of the collateral is based on appraisals performed by third-party valuation specialists. Factors including the assumptions and techniques utilized by the appraiser are considered by Management. If the recorded investment in the collateral dependent loan exceeds the measure of fair value of the collateral, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for credit losses. Collateral dependent loans are non-recurring Level 3 assets.

Other Real Estate

In the course of lending operations, Management may determine that it is necessary to foreclose on the related collateral. Other real estate acquired through foreclosure or repossession is carried at fair value, less estimated costs to sell. The fair value of the collateral is based on appraisals performed by third-party valuation specialists or internally prepared valuations. Other real estate is a non-recurring Level 3 asset.

Deposits

The fair value of non-interest bearing demand and interest bearing savings and demand deposits is the amount reported in the financial statements. The fair value of time deposits is estimated by discounting the cash flows using current rates of time deposits with similar remaining maturities. The cash flows considered in computing the fair value of such deposits are based on contractual maturities, since approximately 98 % of time deposits provide for automatic renewal at current interest rates. Non-interest deposits are non-recurring Level 1 liabilities, while interest bearing deposits are classified as Level 3 liabilities.

Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Bank

The fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) fixed rate borrowings is estimated using discounted cash flows based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The fair value of FHLB variable rate borrowings is estimated to be its carrying value. Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Bank are classified as Level 2 liabilities.

The balances of available for sale securities, which are the only assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, by level within the fair value hierarchy and by investment type, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows (in thousands):


			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2025:
U.S. Treasuries	$	127,914	$	—	$	127,914	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities		40,579		—		40,579		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations		59,783		—		59,783		—
States and political subdivisions		84,185		—		84,185		—
Total	$	312,461	$	—	$	312,461	$	—

December 31, 2024:
U.S. Treasuries	$	117,045	$	—	$	117,045	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities		42,512		—		42,512		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations		68,864		—		68,864		—
States and political subdivisions		80,227		—		80,227		—
Total	$	308,648	$	—	$	308,648	$	—

Collateral dependent loans, which are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements Using

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

September 30, 2025

—

December 31, 2024

—

The following table presents a summary of changes in the fair value of other real estate which is measured using Level 3 inputs (in thousands):


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Balance, beginning of year	$	9	$	—
Loans transferred to ORE		16		18
Sales		( 16 )		( 9 )
Write-downs		—		—
Chargeoffs		( 9 )		—
Balance, end of year	$	—	$	9

The carrying value and estimated fair value of financial instruments, by level within the fair value hierarchy, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):


	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements Using
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2025:
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	41,895	$	41,895	$	—	$	—	$	41,895
Available for sale securities		312,461		—		312,461		—		312,461
Held to maturity securities, net		95,492		—		86,000		—		86,000
Loans, net		249,737		—		—		244,883		244,883
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing		172,017		172,017		—		—		172,017
Interest bearing		427,104		—		—		397,121		397,121
Time deposits		38,455		—		—		37,978		37,978


	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements Using
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2024:
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	107,744	$	107,744	$	—	$	—	$	107,744
Available for sale securities		308,648		—		308,648		—		308,648
Held to maturity securities, net		123,156		—		111,112		—		111,112
Loans, net		230,594		—		—		225,422		225,422
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing		235,183		235,183		—		—		235,183
Interest bearing		434,680		—		—		377,233		377,233
Time deposits		50,867		—		—		50,212		50,212

9.	Income Taxes:

Deferred taxes (or deferred charges) as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, included in other assets, were as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses	$	796	$	782
Employee benefit plans' liabilities		4,024		4,029
Unrealized loss on available for sale securities, charged from equity		6,745		9,286
Loss on credit impairment of securities		423		423
Earned retiree health benefits plan liability		1,222		1,222
General business and AMT credits		16		1
State income tax net operating loss carryforward		797		930
Other		142		218
Valuation allowance		( 423 )		( 423 )
Deferred tax assets		13,742		16,468
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unearned retiree health benefits plan asset		460		460
Bank premises and equipment		1,982		2,106
Other		—		—
Deferred tax liabilities		2,442		2,566
Net deferred taxes	$	11,300	$	13,902

Income taxes consist of the following components (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025				2024				2025				2024
	Tax		Rate		Tax		Rate		Tax		Rate		Tax		Rate

Current	$	164	21	%	$	52	4	%	$	702	18	%	$	384	6	%
Deferred		( 21 )	( 3 )			1,045	78			61	1			1,115	17
Change in valuation allowance		—	—			( 15,194 )	( 1,139 )			—	—			( 15,194 )	( 234 )
Total deferred		( 21 )	( 3 )			( 14,149 )	( 1,061 )			61	1			( 14,079 )	( 217 )	%
Totals	$	143	18	%	$	( 14,097 )	( 1,057 )	%	$	763	19	%	$	( 13,695 )	( 211 )	%

The primary sources of permanent differences are due to tax-exempt interest income earned on certain investment securities, bank owned life insurance, and federal tax credits.

A valuation allowance is recognized against deferred tax assets when, based on the consideration of all available positive and negative evidence using a more likely than not criteria, it is determined that all or a portion of these tax benefits may not be realized. This assessment requires consideration of all sources of taxable income available to realize the deferred tax asset including taxable income in prior carry-back years, future reversals of existing temporary differences, tax planning strategies and future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards.

The Company had a valuation allowance on federal and state deferred tax assets totaling $ 15,617,000 as of December 31, 2023. In the third quarter of 2024, the Company reassessed the valuation allowance based upon its projections of future sources of taxable income in accordance with applicable accounting guidance and determined it was appropriate to reverse substantially all the valuation allowance which resulted in a one-time discrete reduction to income tax expense of $ 15,194,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

10.	Segment Reporting:

The Company is engaged in a single line of business as a financial institution, which provides a full range of banking, financial and trust services to state, county and local government entities and individuals and small and commercial businesses. The Company has identified its President and Chief Executive Officer as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), who uses consolidated net income (see Consolidated Statements of Operation) to determine how resources should be allocated and manage the Company. The Company’s operations constitute a single operating segment and therefore, a single reportable segment, because the CODM manages the business activities using information of the Company as a whole. The accounting policies used to measure the profit and loss of the segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies described in Note A included in Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company’s most significant reported source of income and expense are interest income and interest expense (see Consolidated Statements of Operations). The remaining significant segment income and expenses are described in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

GENERAL

The Company is a one-bank holding company headquartered in Biloxi, Mississippi. The Company has two subsidiaries, PFC Service Corp., an inactive company, and The Peoples Bank, Biloxi, Mississippi (the “Bank”). The Bank provides a full range of banking, financial and trust services to state, county and local government entities and individuals and small and commercial businesses operating in those portions of Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama which are within a fifty mile radius of the Waveland, Wiggins and Gautier branches, the Bank’s three most outlying locations (the “trade area”).

The following presents Management’s discussion and analysis of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Peoples Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries. These comments should be considered in combination with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report on Form 10-Q and the Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Forward-Looking Information

Congress passed the Private Securities Litigation Act of 1995 in an effort to encourage corporations to provide information about a company’s anticipated future financial performance. This act provides a safe harbor for such disclosure which protects the companies from unwarranted litigation if actual results are different from management expectations. This report contains forward-looking statements and reflects industry conditions, company performance and financial results. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties which could cause the Company’s actual results and experience to differ from the anticipated results and expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements. Such factors and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: changes in interest rates and market prices, changes in local economic and business conditions, increased competition for deposits and loans, changes in the availability of funds resulting from reduced liquidity, changes in statutes, government regulations or regulatory policies or practices in general and specifically acts of terrorism, weather or other events beyond the Company’s control.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new accounting standards updates during the first nine months of 2025. The Company does not expect that the updates discussed in the Notes will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Further disclosure is included in Note 1.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company evaluates these estimates and assumptions on an on-going basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. We adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Certain critical accounting policies affect the more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Due from Banks

For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, balances due from banks; which includes non-interest and interest bearing accounts, and federal funds sold, all of which mature within ninety days.

Investments

Investments which are classified as available for sale are stated at fair value. The determination of the fair value of securities may require Management to develop estimates and assumptions regarding the amount and timing of cash flows.

Allowance for credit losses

Estimating an appropriate ACL involves a high degree of Management judgment. As such, it is Management’s responsibility to record the Bank’s best estimate of expected credit losses and provide it to the Board of Directors.

The analysis is prepared and reported to the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. The option and decision to prepare the analysis more frequently will remain with Management.

The Company’s most critical accounting policy relates to its allowance for credit losses, which reflects the estimated losses resulting from the inability of its borrowers to make loan payments. The allowance for credit losses is established and maintained at an amount sufficient to absorb losses on loans and leases held for investment. Credit losses arise not only from credit risk, but also from other risks inherent in the lending process including, but not limited to, collateral risk, operation risk, concentration risk and economic risk. As such, all related risks of lending are considered when assessing the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses.

Management believes that the allowance for credit losses on loans is adequate and appropriate for all periods presented in these financial statements. All credit relationships with an outstanding balance of $50,000 or greater that are included in Management’s loan watch list are individually reviewed for credit losses.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes and provides deferred income taxes for all significant income tax temporary differences. As part of the process of preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves estimating the actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as the provision for credit losses, for tax and financial reporting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are included in the consolidated statement of condition. The Company must also assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and, to the extent Management believes that recovery is not likely, the Company must establish a valuation allowance. Significant Management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes, the deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against the net deferred tax assets. To the extent the Company establishes a valuation allowance or adjusts this allowance in a period, the Company must include an expense or a benefit within the tax provisions in the consolidated statement of operations.

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”), signed into law on July 4, 2025, introduces significant changes to tax deductions, credit and limits for individuals and businesses. Management has assessed the implications for the Company’s tax reporting obligations. The bill introduces a range of tax and economic policy changes, however the overall impact on the Company’s tax reporting is minimal and there will be no material impact on the Company’s income tax obligations.

GAAP Reconciliation and Explanation

This Form 10-Q contains non-GAAP financial measures determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures include taxable equivalent interest income and taxable equivalent net interest income. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures because it believes they are useful for evaluating our operations and performance over periods of time, as well as in managing and evaluating our business and in discussions about our operations and performance. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide users of our financial information with a meaningful measure for assessing our financial results, as well as comparison to financial results for prior periods. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as a substitute for operating results determined in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to other similarly titled financial measures used by other companies. A reconciliation of these operating performance measures to GAAP performance measures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is included in the table below (in thousands).

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP PERFORMANCE MEASURES


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest income (GAAP)
Interest income - taxable equivalent	$	6,910	$	7,830	$	21,933	$	25,454
Taxable equivalent adjustment		66		70		198		212
Interest income reconciliation:	$	6,976	$	7,900	$	22,131	$	25,666

Net interest income (GAAP)
Net interest income - taxable equivalent	$	4,576	$	5,279	$	15,716	$	17,875
Taxable equivalent adjustment		66		70		198		210
Net interest income reconciliation:	$	4,642	$	5,349	$	15,914	$	18,085

OVERVIEW

The Company is a community bank serving the financial and trust needs of its customers in our trade area, which is defined as those portions of Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama which are within a fifty mile radius of the Waveland, Wiggins and Gautier branches, the bank subsidiary’s three most outlying locations. Maintaining a strong core deposit base and providing commercial and real estate lending in our trade area are the traditional focuses of the Company. Growth has largely been achieved through de novo branching activity, and it is expected that these strategies will continue to be emphasized in the future.

The Company reported net income of $643,000 for the third quarter of 2025 compared with net income of $15,431,000 for the third quarter of 2024. Results in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 included a discrete item of $15,194,000 recorded as a tax benefit for the reversal of the Company’s valuation allowance on federal and state deferred tax assets. Results in 2025 included a decrease in net income attributable to lower interest income on securities and overnight fed funds due to a decrease in volume and yield slightly offset by higher interest income on loans due to an increase in volume and interest rates and a lower cost of funds and borrowings compared to 2024.

Concerns about inflation and its potential impact on the economy and individual households are among the issues being considered by the Federal Reserve. Raising the federal funds rate has been a strategy pursued in 2023 and 2022 to address this issue. The Federal Reserve has raised interest rates a total of 100 basis points during 2023 and 425 basis points during 2022 in an effort to promote maximum employment, keep prices stable and have moderate long-term interest rates. Due to a weakening labor market the Federal Reserve has changed its course of action and has reduced interest rates by 100 basis points during 2024 and 25 basis points in 2025 and is projected to make additional rate cuts in 2025 and 2026.

Monitoring asset quality, estimating potential losses in our loan portfolio, unfunded lending commitments and held to maturity debt securities and addressing non-performing loans continue to be a major focus of the Company. A net provision for credit losses of $0 was recorded in the quarter ended September 30, 2025 and ($48,000) for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. A reduction of the provision for credit losses of $(5,000) was recorded in the first three quarters ended September 30, 2025 as compared with a net provision for credit losses of ($48,000) for the first three quarters ended September 30,

2024. The Company has worked diligently to address and reduce its non-performing assets. The Company’s nonaccrual loans totaled $793,000 and $418,000 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Most of these loans are collateral-dependent, and the Company has rigorously evaluated the value of its collateral to determine potential losses.

Non-interest income increased $178,000 for the third quarter of 2025 as compared with 2024 results. Results for the third quarter of 2025 included life insurance proceeds of $125,000, higher trust income of $34,000, increase in cash surrender value of life insurance of $16,000 and a gain on the sale of other real estate of $11,000. Non-interest income increased $154,000 for the first three quarters of 2025 as compared with 2024 results. Results for the first three quarters of 2025 included life insurance proceeds of $125,000, higher trust income of $49,000, increase in cash surrender value of life insurance of $18,000 and higher service charge income of $17,000 and did not include a gain on sale of bank property of $42,000, which was included in the first three quarters of 2024.

Non-interest expenses decreased $25,000 for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, as compared with 2024 results. This net decrease for the third quarter of 2025 was primarily the result of a decrease in audit expense of $84,000, lower maintenance expense of $58,000 and lower assessment expense of $15,000 offset mostly by higher ATM and debit card expenses of $130,000. Non-interest expenses increased $474,000 for the first three quarters ended September 30, 2025, as compared with 2024 results. This net increase for the first three quarters of 2025 was primarily the result of an increase in salary and employee benefits of $313,000, an increase in ATM and data processing expenses of $345,000 offset slightly by lower legal expenses of $227,000 and lower maintenance expenses of $38,000.

Total assets at September 30, 2025, decreased $73,783,000 as compared with December 31, 2024. Total deposits decreased $83,154,000 as governmental entities’ balances decreased due to tax collection allocations and the loss of several public fund accounts. The decrease in deposits caused a decrease in cash and due from banks of $65,849,000 and reduced new purchases of available for sale securities.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Interest Income

Net interest income, the amount by which interest income on loans, investments and other interest- earning assets exceeds interest expense on deposits and other borrowed funds, is the single largest component of the Company’s income. Management’s objective is to provide the largest possible amount of income while balancing interest rate, credit, liquidity and capital risk. Changes in the volume and mix of interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities combined with changes in market rates of interest directly affect net interest income.

Quarter Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared with Quarter Ended September 30, 2024

The Company’s average interest-earning assets decreased approximately $71,049,000, or 9.44%, from approximately $752,561,000 for the third quarter of 2024 to approximately $681,512,000 for the third quarter of 2025. The Company’s average balance sheet decreased primarily as average investments decreased approximately $78,717,000 and average balances due from financial institutions decreased approximately $2,759,000 offset slightly by an increase in average loans of approximately $11,426,000 as compared with the third quarter of 2024. Average loans increased as new loans exceeded principal payments, maturities, and charge-offs.

The average yield on interest-earning assets decreased from 4.19% for the third quarter of 2024 to 4.09% for the third quarter of 2025. This decrease is due to a decrease in volume and yields on investments, and overnight fed funds in 2025.

Average interest-bearing liabilities decreased approximately $75,837,000 or 13.85%, from approximately $547,551,000 for the third quarter of 2024 to approximately $471,714,000 for the third quarter of 2025. Average savings and interest bearing DDA deposits decreased approximately $57,806,000 while time deposits increased approximately $9,429,000. This decrease was mostly caused by the allocation of public fund tax deposits that increase as taxes are collected and slowly allocate out of the deposit accounts through the end of each year along with the loss of several public fund accounts. Time deposits increased due to the Bank promoting time deposit specials during the year. Although average deposits decreased the Company evaluates on an ongoing and continuous basis various moderate to severe economic scenarios and does not anticipate a liquidity issue.

The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities for the third quarter of 2025 was 1.98% as compared with 1.86% for the third quarter of 2024. The Federal Reserve had increased rates significantly throughout 2022 and 2023 which has caused the bank in 2024 and 2025 to experience a rising cost of funds to stay competitive with other local banks. The rising costs should ease some as rates start to decrease in 2025 and 2026.

The Company’s net interest margin on a nontax-equivalent basis, which is net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets, was 2.69% for the third quarter of 2025 as compared with 2.81% for the third quarter of 2024.

The Company’s net interest margin on a tax-equivalent basis, which is net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets, was 2.72% for the third quarter of 2025 as compared with 2.84% for the third quarter of 2024.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

The Company’s average interest-earning assets decreased approximately $76,787,000, or 9.56%, from approximately $803,070,000 for the first three quarters of 2024 to approximately $726,283,000 for the first three quarters of 2025. The Company’s average balance sheet decreased primarily as average investments decreased approximately $77,449,000 along with a decrease in average balances due from financial institutions of approximately $658,000 offset slightly by an increase in average loans of approximately $2,856,000 for the first three quarters of 2025 as compared with the first three quarters of 2024. Average loans increased as new loans exceeded principal payments, maturities, and charge-offs on existing loans. Decreases in average deposits resulted in a decrease in balances due from financial institutions and investments in securities.

The average yield on earning assets decreased from 4.25% for the first three quarters of 2024 to 4.06% for the first three quarters of 2025. This decrease is due to a decrease in interest rates on overnight fed funds and securities in 2025.

Average interest-bearing liabilities decreased approximately $85,597,000, or 14.15%, from approximately $604,768,000 for the first three quarters of 2024 to approximately $519,171,000 for the first three quarters of 2025. Average savings and interest bearing DDA balances decreased approximately $66,937,000 while average time deposits increased approximately $15,556,000. This decrease was mostly caused by the loss of several large public fund deposits in 2025 following competitive bid processes held in 2025 whereby the public fund deposit accounts were awarded to other local banks. Although average deposits decreased the Company evaluates on an ongoing and continuous basis various moderate to severe economic scenarios and does not anticipate a liquidity issue.

The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities for the first three quarters of 2024 was 1.67% compared with 1.60% for the first three quarters of 2025. The decrease was due to the loss of several public fund accounts that the bank was previously paying a higher rate on.

The Company’s net interest margin on a nontax-equivalent basis, which is net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets, was 2.89% for the first three quarters of 2025 as compared with 2.97% for the first three quarters of 2024.

The Company’s net interest margin on a tax-equivalent basis, which is net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets, was 2.92% for the first three quarters of 2025 as compared with 3.00% for the first three quarters of 2024.

The tables on the following pages analyze the changes in tax-equivalent net interest income for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Analysis of Average Balances, Interest Earned/Paid and Yield

(In Thousands)


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2025						Quarter Ended September 30, 2024
	Average Balance		Interest Earned/Paid		Rate		Average Balance		Interest Earned/Paid		Rate
Loans (2)(3)	$	250,060	$	3,870	6.19	%	$	238,634	$	3,649	6.12	%
Balances due from financial institutions		5,023		57	4.54	%		7,782		98	5.04	%
HTM:
Taxable		66,427		438	2.64	%		101,174		704	2.78	%
Non taxable (1)		30,037		236	3.14	%		32,742		252	3.08	%
AFS:
Taxable		324,475		2,343	2.89	%		365,483		3,129	3.42	%
Non taxable (1)		3,428		25	2.89	%		3,685		28	3.04	%
Other		2,062		7	1.36	%		3,061		40	5.23	%
Total	$	681,512	$	6,976	4.09	%	$	752,561	$	7,900	4.19	%

Savings & interest-bearing DDA	$	408,107	$	1,799	1.76	%	$	465,913	$	1,620	1.39	%
Time deposits		38,776		247	2.55	%		29,347		141	1.92	%
Other Borrowings and Borrowings under Term Funding Program		2		—	—	%		30,004		438	5.84	%
Borrowings from FHLB		24,829		288	4.63	%		22,287		352	6.32	%
Total	$	471,714	$	2,334	1.98	%	$	547,551	$	2,551	1.86	%

Net tax-equivalent spread					2.11	%					2.33	%
Net tax-equivalent margin on earning assets					2.72	%					2.84	%

(1)	All interest earned is reported on a taxable equivalent basis using a tax rate of 24.95% in 2025 and 2024. See disclosure of Non-GAAP financial measures on page 28.

(2)	Loan fees of $100 and $121 for 2025 and 2024, respectively, are included in these figures.

(3)	Includes nonaccrual loans.

Analysis of Average Balances, Interest Earned/Paid and Yield

(In Thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Average Balance		Interest Earned/Paid		Rate		Average Balance		Interest Earned/Paid		Rate
Loans (2)(3)	$	240,128	$	10,901	6.05	%	$	237,272	$	10,676	6.00	%
Balances due from depository institutions		35,419		1,157	4.36	%		36,077		1,447	5.35	%
HTM:
Taxable		76,653		1,544	2.69	%		107,815		2,333	2.88	%
Non taxable (1)		30,695		717	3.11	%		33,282		762	3.05	%
AFS:
Taxable		338,748		7,715	3.04	%		382,278		10,251	3.58	%
Non taxable (1)		3,536		77	2.94	%		3,706		82	2.95	%
Other		1,104		20	2.42	%		2,640		115	5.81	%
Total	$	726,283	$	22,131	4.06	%	$	803,070	$	25,666	4.25	%

Savings & interest- bearing DDA	$	466,271	$	4,957	1.42	%	$	533,208	$	5,628	1.41	%
Time deposits		44,242		962	2.90	%		28,686		325	1.51	%
Othe Borrowings and Borrowings under Term Funding Program		1		—	3.47	%		28,906		1,023	4.72	%
Borrowings from FHLB		8,657		298	4.59	%		13,968		603	5.76	%
Total	$	519,171	$	6,217	1.60	%	$	604,768	$	7,579	1.67	%

Net tax-equivalent spread					2.46	%					2.58	%
Net tax-equivalent margin on earning assets					2.92	%					3.00	%

(1)	All interest earned is reported on a taxable equivalent basis using a tax rate of 24.95% in 2025 and 2024. See disclosure of Non-GAAP financial measures on page 28.

(2)	Loan fees of $314 and $388 for 2025 and 2024, respectively, are included in these figures.

(3)	Includes nonaccrual loans.

Analysis of Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense

(In Thousands)


	For the Quarter Ended
	September 30, 2025 compared with September 30, 2024
	Volume		Rate		Rate/Volume		Total
Interest earned on:
Loans	$	175	$	44	$	2	$	221
Balances due from financial institutions		(34)		(10)		3		(41)
Held to maturity securities:
Taxable		(242)		(37)		13		(266)
Non taxable		(21)		5		—		(16)
Available for sale securities:
Taxable		(351)		(490)		55		(786)
Non taxable		(2)		(1)		—		(3)
Other		(13)		(30)		10		(33)
Total	$	(488)	$	(519)	$	83	$	(924)
Interest paid on:
Savings & interest-bearing DDA	$	(200)	$	433	$	(54)	$	179
Time deposits		45		46		15		106
Borrowings under Term Fund		(438)		(438)		438		(438)
Borrowings from FHLB		41		(94)		(11)		(64)
Total	$	(552)	$	(53)	$	388	$	(217)

Analysis of Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense

(In Thousands)


	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2025 compared with September 30, 2024
	Volume		Rate		Rate/Volume		Total
Interest earned on:
Loans	$	129	$	95	$	1	$	225
Balances due from
financial institutions		(26)		(269)		5		(290)
Held to maturity securities:
Taxable		(677)		(157)		45		(789)
Non taxable		(59)		15		(1)		(45)
Available for sale securities:
Taxable		(1,167)		(1,545)		176		(2,536)
Non taxable		(4)		—		—		(4)
Other		(67)		(67)		39		(95)
Total	$	(1,871)	$	(1,928)	$	265	$	(3,534)
Interest paid on:
Savings & interest-bearing DDA	$	(707)	$	41	$	(5)	$	(671)
Time deposits		177		298		162		637
Borrowings under Term Fund		(1,023)		(270)		270		(1,023)
Borrowings from FHLB		(229)		(123)		47		(305)
Total	$	(1,782)	$	(54)	$	474	$	(1,362)

Provision for Credit Losses

In the normal course of business, the Company assumes risk in extending credit to its customers. This credit risk is managed through compliance with the loan policy, which is approved by the Board of Directors. The policy establishes guidelines relating to underwriting standards, including but not limited to financial analysis, collateral valuation, lending limits, pricing considerations and loan grading. The Company’s Loan Review and Special Assets Departments play key roles in monitoring the loan portfolio and managing problem loans. New loans and, on a periodic basis, existing loans are reviewed to evaluate compliance with the loan policy. Loan delinquencies and deposit overdrafts are closely monitored in order to identify developing problems as early as possible. Lenders experienced in workout scenarios consult with loan officers and customers to address non-performing loans. A watch list of credits which pose a potential loss to the Company is prepared based on the loan grading system. This list forms the foundation of the Company’s allowance for credit loss computation.

Management relies on its guidelines and existing methodology to monitor the performance of its loan portfolio and identify and estimate potential losses based on the best available information. The potential effect of declines in real estate values and actual losses incurred by the Company were key factors in our analysis. Much of the Company’s loan portfolio is secured by real estate requiring careful consideration of real estate changes in value to properly monitor risk.

The provision for credit losses is the amount necessary to maintain the ACL and the reserve for unfunded commitments at a level considered appropriate by management. Factors impacting the provision include loan portfolio growth, changes in the quality and composition of the loan portfolio, the level of nonperforming loans, delinquency and charge-off trends, the level of unfunded commitments and current economic conditions.

The Bank’s on-going, systematic evaluation resulted in the Bank recording a net provision of (reduction of) credit losses of $0 for the third quarter of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Bank recorded a provision for the allowance for credit losses of $(5,000), and no provision was needed for the allowance for credit losses on held to maturity securities for the first nine months ended September 30, 2025. The Bank recorded a net provision for the allowance for credit losses of $0, and no provision was needed for the allowance for credit losses on held to maturity securities for the first nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The Bank’s analysis includes evaluating the current values of collateral securing all nonaccrual loans. Nonaccrual loans totaled $793,000 and $418,000 with $80,000 and $0 in specific reserves on these loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The specific reserves allocated to nonaccrual loans are relatively low as collateral values appear sufficient to cover credit losses, or the loan balances have been charged down to their realizable value.

The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of loans was 1.16% and 1.28% at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company believes that its allowance for credit losses is appropriate as of September 30, 2025.

The allowance for credit losses is an estimate, and as such, events may occur in the future which may affect its accuracy. The Company anticipates that it is possible that additional information will be gathered in future quarters on loan performance, which may require an adjustment to the allowance for credit losses. Management will continue to closely monitor its portfolio and take such action as it deems appropriate to accurately report its financial condition and results of operations.

Non-interest income

Quarter Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared with Quarter Ended September 30, 2024

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Non-interest income increased $154,000 for the first three quarters of 2025 as compared with 2024 results. Results for the first three quarters of 2025 included life insurance proceeds of $125,000, higher trust income of $49,000, increase in cash surrender value of life insurance of $18,000 and higher service charge income of $17,000 and did not include a gain on sale of bank property of $42,000, which was included in the first three quarters of 2024. The income increases described are not necessarily recurring and can fluctuate in the normal course of business.

Non-interest expense

Quarter Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared with Quarter Ended September 30, 2024

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Total non-interest expenses increased $474,000 for the first three quarters ended September 30, 2025, as compared with 2024 results. This net increase for the first three quarters of 2025 was primarily the result of an increase in salary and employee benefits of $313,000, an increase in ATM and data processing expenses of $345,000 offset slightly by lower legal expenses of $227,000 and lower maintenance expenses of $38,000.

Income Taxes

Quarter Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared with Quarter Ended September 30, 2024

The Company has recorded current and deferred income tax expenses in the third quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company determined that there was sufficient evidence to support (at the more likely than not threshold) that the Company will have sufficient future sources of taxable income to remove substantially all of the valuation allowance established as of the beginning of the year and as of September 30, 2024. This change in circumstances resulted in a discrete item of $15,194,000 recognized as a reduction of income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The following analysis does not include the discrete item.

Current income tax expense increased $112,000 to $164,000 for the third quarter of 2025 as compared with current tax expense of $52,000 for the third quarter of 2024. The current effective tax rate for quarter ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 21% and 4%, respectively. The increase was driven by the near-full utilization of federal tax credits in 2024, leaving only a minimal credit available for utilization in 2025. Deferred income tax expense decreased $1,066,000 to ($21,000) for the third quarter of 2025 as compared to deferred tax expense of $1,045,000 for the third quarter of 2024. The deferred effective tax rate for quarter ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was (3)% and 78%, respectively. The primary reason the deferred tax expense is dramatically lower in 2025 as compared to 2024 is related to the tax credits that were utilized in 2024. Because those credits were carried forward from 2023, there was a deferred tax asset and therefore when the credits were utilized, there was a decrease in the current tax expense and a corresponding increase in deferred tax expense.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

The Company has recorded deferred and current income tax expenses in the first three quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively. Current income tax expense increased $318,000 to $702,000 for the first three quarters of 2025 as compared with current tax expense of $384,000 for the first three quarters of 2024. The effective current tax rate for the first three quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 18% and 6%, respectively. The increase was driven by the near-full utilization of federal tax credits in 2024, leaving only a minimal credit available for utilization in 2025. Deferred income tax expense decreased $1,054,000 to $61,000 for the first three quarters of 2025 as compared to

deferred tax expense of $1,115,000 for the first three quarters of 2024. The deferred effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 1% and 17%, respectively. The primary reason the deferred tax expense is dramatically lower in 2025 as compared to 2024 is related to the tax credits that were utilized in 2024. Because those credits were carried forward from 2023, there was a deferred tax asset and therefore when the credits were utilized, there was a decrease in the current tax expense and a corresponding increase in deferred tax expense. As stated in the quarter-to-date information the year to date information in the above analysis does not include the discrete item. The deferred tax expense amounts for 2024 exclude the valuation allowance reversal as described in the next paragraph.

The Company had a valuation allowance on federal and state deferred tax assets totaling $15,617,000 as of December 31, 2023. In the third quarter of 2024, the Company reassessed the valuation allowance in accordance with applicable accounting guidance and determined it was appropriate to reverse substantially all the valuation allowance which resulted in a one-time discrete reduction to income tax expense of $15,194,000 in the current quarter.

Excluding the discrete item, total income current and deferred tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, totaled $1,500,000 based upon the expected annual tax rate for 2024 of 23% compared to income tax expense of $763,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, at an effective rate of 19%.

Cash and due from banks decreased $65,849,000 at September 30, 2025, compared with December 31, 2024. This decrease was due to a significant decrease in total deposits.

Available for sale securities increased $3,813,000 and held to maturity securities decreased $27,704,000, respectively at September 30, 2025 compared with December 31, 2024 as the Company decreased its held to maturity securities and increased its available for sale investment purchases. As securities mature the proceeds are used to pay down borrowings first and then reinvest in available for sale securities and loans.

Gross loans increased $19,095,000 at September 30, 2025 compared with December 31, 2024, as new loans outpaced principal payments, maturities, and charge-offs.

Total deposits decreased $83,154,000 at September 30, 2025, compared with December 31, 2024. This decrease was mostly caused by the loss of several large public fund deposits in 2025 following competitive bid processes held in 2025 whereby the public fund deposit accounts were awarded to other local banks. Typically, significant increases or decreases in total deposits and/or significant fluctuations among the different types of deposits from quarter to quarter are anticipated by Management as customers in the casino industry and county and municipal entities reallocate their resources periodically. Deposits from county and municipal entities increase significantly during the first quarter of each year based on property tax collections and are slowly allocated out of the tax collection accounts over the course of the year.

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND CAPITAL ADEQUACY

Strength, security and stability have been the hallmark of the Company since its founding in 1985 and of its bank subsidiary since its founding in 1896. A strong capital foundation is fundamental to the continuing prosperity of the Company and the security of its customers and shareholders.

As of December 31, 2024, the most recent notification from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.

During the third quarter of 2023, the community bank leverage ratio (CBLR) framework was elected. The CBLR framework is an optional framework that is designed to reduce burden by removing the requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the framework. The framework provides a simple measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banking organizations, consistent with section 201 of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act.

Qualifying community banking organizations that elect to use the CBLR framework and that maintain a leverage ratio of greater than 9.00% are considered to have satisfied the risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the generally

applicable capital rule. In addition, these institutions are considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements for purposes of section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.

The main components and requirements of the CBLR framework are as follows:

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank’s community bank leverage ratio was 15.19% and 13.95%, respectively, both of which exceed the CBLR minimum of 9.00%.

Management continues to emphasize the importance of maintaining the appropriate capital levels of the Company and has established the goal of being “well-capitalized” by the banking regulatory authorities.

LIQUIDITY

Liquidity represents the Company’s ability to adequately provide funds to satisfy demands from depositors, borrowers and other commitments by either converting assets to cash or accessing new or existing sources of funds. Management monitors these funds requirements in such a manner as to satisfy these demands and provide the maximum earnings on its earning assets. The Company manages and monitors its liquidity position through a number of methods, including through the computation of liquidity risk targets and the preparation of various analyses of its funding sources and utilization of those sources on a monthly basis. The Company also uses proforma liquidity projections which are updated on a monthly basis in the management of its liquidity needs and also conducts periodic contingency testing on its liquidity plan.

Deposits, payments of principal and interest on loans, proceeds from maturities of investment securities and earnings on investment securities are the principal sources of funds for the Company. Borrowings from the FHLB, federal funds sold and federal funds purchased are utilized by the Company to manage its daily liquidity position. The Company has also been approved to participate in the Federal Reserve Bank’s Discount Window Primary Credit Program. As of September 30, 2025, the Company was able to borrow up to $9,624,763 from the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window Primary Credit Program. The borrowing limit is based on the amount of collateral pledged, with certain loans from the Bank’s portfolio serving as collateral. The Company has $119,951,017 available under a line of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas with $119,951,017 available. The Company has additional contingency funding capacity with various other financial institutions in the amount of $30,500,000.

The Company maintains a well-capitalized balance sheet which includes strong capital and liquidity. The Bank provides a full range of banking, financial and trust services in our local markets. The majority of the Bank’s deposits are fully FDIC insured and the Company evaluates on an ongoing and continuous basis it’s financial health by preparing for various moderate to severe economic scenarios.

Determining liquidity adequacy requires an ongoing analysis of the Company’s current and expected liquidity position, including historical funding obligations and anticipated funding needs, as well as an understanding of retention prospects for all bank deposits. In particular, consideration is given to public funds and other large depositors for potential runoffs due to expected uses or other withdrawals from bank accounts.

The Company also uses other sources of funds, including borrowings from the FHLB. The Company generally anticipates relying on deposits, purchases of federal funds and borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta and FHLB for its liquidity needs in 2025.

The Board of Directors requires management to implement and administer appropriate internal controls commensurate with the Company’s risk profile. Management carefully monitors the Company’s liquidity risk, particularly with respect to volatile and large deposits. The Company has not encountered and does not anticipate problems with meeting its liquidity needs.

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

As of September 30, 2025, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures

(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the nine month period ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

The Bank is involved in various legal matters and claims which are being defended and handled in the ordinary course of business. None of these matters are expected, in the opinion of Management, to have a material adverse effect upon the financial position or results of operations of the Company. However, on June 30, 2023, Stilwell Activist Investments, L.P., issued a letter to the Company and each of the directors of the Company demanding that they immediately commence litigation on behalf of the Company for an alleged breach by the Company’s Board of Directors of its fiduciary duties in allegedly failing to properly oversee and supervise Chevis and Tanner Swetman’s management of the Company. At its July 2023 meeting, the Board of Directors of the Company established a Special Litigation Committee made up of the independent directors to investigate the allegations made in the letter. Rather than wait for the Special Litigation Committee to conclude its inquiry, Stilwell Activist Investments, L.P., filed on September 29, 2023, a Complaint against the Company and Directors Chevis Swetman, Padrick D. Dennis, Jeffrey H. O’Keefe, Paige Reed Riley, Ronald Barnes, and George Sliman, III, making the same allegations that appear in the demand letter. The Court stayed the lawsuit pending the Special Litigation Committee’s inquiry. The Special Litigation Committee concluded that pursuing the claims is not in the Company’s best interest, and on March 22, 2024, the Company filed a motion to dismiss. The motion to dismiss was heard by the Court on October 17, 2024, and denied, allowing limited discovery as to the reasonableness of the Special Litigation Committee’s inquiry.

The plaintiff, Stilwell Activist Investments, L.P., is a shareholder of record of the Company and is controlled by Joseph Stilwell, an individual who beneficially owns 14.41% of the issued and outstanding common stock of the Company according to a revised definitive proxy statement filed by Mr. Stilwell and his related entities with the SEC on March 21, 2025, in connection with a proxy contest conducted by Mr. Stilwell at the Company’s 2025 annual meeting. Mr. Stilwell and his related entities, including Stilwell Activist Investments, L.P., have nominated an individual for election to the Board of Directors of the Company at its last five annual meetings, but each individual nominated was not elected to the Board of Directors of the Company.

Item 5: Other Information

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers informed the Company of the adoption , modification , or termination of any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

Item 6 - Exhibits


Exhibit 31.1:		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 31.2:		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.1:		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350
Exhibit 32.2:		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350
Exhibit 101		The following materials from the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2025, formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Condition at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 and (vi) Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.
Exhibit 104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirement of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	PEOPLES FINANCIAL CORPORATION
	(Registrant)


	Date:	November 10, 2025


	By:	/s/ Chevis C. Swetman
		Chevis C. Swetman
		Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
		(principal executive officer)

	Date:	November 10, 2025


	By:	/s/ Leslie B. Fulton
		Leslie B. Fulton
		Chief Financial Officer and Controller
		(principal financial and accounting officer)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1 Financial Information Item 1: Financial Statements Item 2: Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 4: Controls and Procedures Part II - Other Information Item 1: Legal Proceedings Item 5: Other Information Item 6 - Exhibits

Exhibits

Exhibit31.1: Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002 Exhibit31.2: Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002 Exhibit32.1: Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350 Exhibit32.2: Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350

PFBX 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025

Exhibits