PNFP 10-Q Quarterly Report June 30, 2017

PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS INC

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10-Q 1 pnfp0630201710q.htm 10-Q Document

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(mark one)



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
or
o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OF 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission File Number: 000-31225

, Inc.



(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Tennessee		62-1812853
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
150 Third Avenue South, Suite 900, Nashville, Tennessee		37201
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)
(615) 744-3700
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changes since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.



Yes x	No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).



Yes x	No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large Accelerated Filer x	Accelerated Filer o
Non-accelerated Filer o (do not check if you are a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company o
	Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).



Yes o	No x

As of August 1, 2017 there were 77,658,511 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc.

Report on Form 10-Q

June 30, 2017



TABLE OF CONTENTS	Page No.

PART I – Financial Information:	4
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	4
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	41
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	62
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	62

PART II – Other Information:	62
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	62
Item 1A. Risk Factors	62
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	74
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	75
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	75
Item 5. Other Information	75
Item 6. Exhibits	76
Signatures	77

Table of Contents

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain of the statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "seek," "estimate" and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, but other statements not based on historical information may also be considered forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from the statements, including, but not limited to: (i) deterioration in the financial condition of borrowers resulting in significant increases in loan losses and provisions for those losses; (ii) continuation of the historically low short-term interest rate environment; (iii) the inability of Pinnacle Financial, or entities in which it has significant investments, like BHG, to maintain the historical growth rate of its, or such entities', loan portfolio; (iv) changes in loan underwriting, credit review or loss reserve policies associated with economic conditions, examination conclusions, or regulatory developments; (v) effectiveness of Pinnacle Financial's asset management activities in improving, resolving or liquidating lower-quality assets; (vi) increased competition with other financial institutions; (vii) greater than anticipated adverse conditions in the national or local economies including in Pinnacle Financial's markets throughout Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia, particularly in commercial and residential real estate markets; (viii) rapid fluctuations or unanticipated changes in interest rates on loans or deposits; (ix) the results of regulatory examinations; (x) the ability to retain large, uninsured deposits; (xi) a merger or acquisition, like Pinnacle Financial's merger with BNC; (xii) risks of expansion into new geographic or product markets; (xiii) any matter that would cause Pinnacle Financial to conclude that there was impairment of any asset, including intangible assets; (xiv) reduced ability to attract additional financial advisors (or failure of such advisors to cause their clients to switch to Pinnacle Bank), to retain financial advisors or otherwise to attract customers from other financial institutions; (xv) further deterioration in the valuation of other real estate owned and increased expenses associated therewith; (xvi) inability to comply with regulatory capital requirements, including those resulting from changes to capital calculation methodologies and required capital maintenance levels; (xvii) risks associated with litigation, including the applicability of insurance coverage; (xviii) the risk of successful integration of the businesses Pinnacle Financial has recently acquired with its business; (xix) approval of the declaration of any dividend by Pinnacle Financial's board of directors; (xx) the vulnerability of Pinnacle Bank's network and online banking portals to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes, spam attacks, human error, natural disasters, power loss and other security breaches; (xxi) the possibility of increased compliance costs as a result of increased regulatory oversight, including oversight of companies in which Pinnacle Financial or Pinnacle Bank have significant investments, like BHG, and the development of additional banking products for Pinnacle Bank's corporate and consumer clients; (xxii) the risks associated with Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank being a minority investor in BHG, including the risk that the owners of a majority of the equity interests in BHG decide to sell the company if not prohibited from doing so by the terms of our agreement with them; (xxiii) the possibility that the incremental cost and/or decreased revenues associated with exceeding $10 billion in assets will exceed current estimates; (xxiv) changes in state and federal legislation, regulations or policies applicable to banks and other financial service providers, like BHG, including regulatory or legislative developments; (xxv) the risk that the cost savings and any revenue synergies from Pinnacle Financial's merger with BNC may not be realized or take longer than anticipated to be realized; (xxvi) disruption from Pinnacle Financial's merger with BNC with customers, suppliers, employee or other business partners relationships; (xxvii) the risk of successful integration of Pinnacle Financial's and BNC's businesses; (xxviii) the amount of the costs, fees, expenses and charges related to Pinnacle Financial's merger with BNC; (xxix) reputational risk and the reaction of the parties' customers, suppliers, employees or other business partners to Pinnacle Financial's merger with BNC; (xxx) the risk that the integration of Pinnacle Financial's and BNC's operations will be materially delayed or will be more costly or difficult than expected; (xxxi) the dilution caused by Pinnacle Financial's issuance of additional shares of its common stock in its merger with BNC; and (xxxii) general competitive, economic, political and market conditions. A more detailed description of these and other risks is contained herein and in Pinnacle Financial's most recent annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2017, Pinnacle Financial's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017 and in Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" below. Many of such factors are beyond Pinnacle Financial's ability to control or predict and readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. Pinnacle Financial disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this report, which speak only as of the date hereof, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Table of Contents



Item 1.	Part I. Financial Information

PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)



	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
ASSETS
Cash and noninterest-bearing due from banks	$	121,804,437		$	84,732,291
Interest-bearing due from banks	416,980,586			97,529,713
Federal funds sold and other	—			1,383,416
Cash and cash equivalents	538,785,023			183,645,420

Securities available-for-sale, at fair value	2,427,034,287			1,298,546,056
Securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $21,322,047 and $25,233,254 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)	21,163,360			25,251,316
Consumer mortgage loans held-for-sale	90,275,468			47,710,120
Commercial mortgage loans held-for-sale	11,367,997			22,587,971

Loans	14,758,764,516			8,449,924,736
Less allowance for loan losses	(61,944,494		)	(58,980,475		)
Loans, net	14,696,820,022			8,390,944,261

Premises and equipment, net	258,037,159			88,904,145
Equity method investment	207,020,432			205,359,844
Accrued interest receivable	48,417,956			28,234,826
Goodwill	1,800,741,933			551,593,796
Core deposits and other intangible assets	60,963,513			15,104,038
Other real estate owned	24,805,764			6,089,804
Other assets	700,720,864			330,651,002
Total assets	$	20,886,153,778		$	11,194,622,599

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	3,893,603,182		$	2,399,191,152
Interest-bearing	2,602,527,348			1,808,331,784
Savings and money market accounts	6,820,024,282			3,714,930,351
Time	2,441,319,823			836,853,761
Total deposits	15,757,474,635			8,759,307,048
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	205,008,077			85,706,558
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	725,230,449			406,304,187
Subordinated debt and other borrowings	465,419,408			350,768,050
Accrued interest payable	7,630,882			5,573,377
Other liabilities	110,063,488			90,267,267
Total liabilities	17,270,826,939			9,697,926,487
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, no par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Common stock, par value $1.00; 90,000,000 shares authorized; 77,646,512 and 46,359,377 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	77,646,512			46,359,377
Additional paid-in capital	3,100,154,656			1,083,490,728
Retained earnings	449,762,022			381,072,505
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	(12,236,351		)	(14,226,498		)
Total stockholders' equity	3,615,326,839			1,496,696,112
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	20,886,153,778		$	11,194,622,599

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

Table of Contents

PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)



	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest income:
Loans, including fees	$	112,319,700	$	77,043,106	$	205,537,647	$	151,447,310
Securities:
Taxable	8,265,225		4,571,876		14,698,313		9,038,710
Tax-exempt	2,235,517		1,443,017		3,913,098		2,936,774
Federal funds sold and other	922,796		703,706		1,737,113		1,313,293
Total interest income	123,743,238		83,761,705		225,886,171		164,736,087

Interest expense:
Deposits	10,993,942		5,073,567		19,112,856		9,989,130
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	78,438		39,532		128,204		87,582
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings	6,043,144		3,605,320		11,250,524		5,713,412
Total interest expense	17,115,524		8,718,419		30,491,584		15,790,124
Net interest income	106,627,714		75,043,286		195,394,587		148,945,963
Provision for loan losses	6,812,389		5,280,101		10,463,411		9,173,671
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	99,815,325		69,763,185		184,931,176		139,772,292

Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	4,178,736		3,430,391		8,034,219		6,873,075
Investment services	3,110,088		2,499,719		5,931,922		4,845,319
Insurance sales commissions	1,461,160		1,192,827		3,320,050		2,898,686
Gain on mortgage loans sold, net	4,667,537		4,221,301		8,822,489		7,788,852
Gain on sale of investment securities, net	—		—		—		—
Trust fees	1,677,079		1,491,955		3,382,358		3,072,567
Income from equity method investment	8,754,718		9,644,310		16,577,455		14,791,834
Other noninterest income	11,207,239		10,232,433		19,369,658		18,298,313
Total noninterest income	35,056,557		32,712,936		65,438,151		58,568,646

Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	43,675,551		34,254,147		82,027,735		66,771,003
Equipment and occupancy	10,712,711		8,312,272		20,387,369		16,442,736
Other real estate expense	62,960		222,473		314,933		334,745
Marketing and other business development	2,126,693		1,537,843		4,005,899		2,801,204
Postage and supplies	1,122,251		1,049,842		2,318,696		2,006,929
Amortization of intangibles	1,471,568		846,615		2,667,697		1,719,830
Merger related expense	3,221,060		980,182		3,893,076		2,809,654
Other noninterest expense	9,404,755		8,727,393		18,235,520		17,108,362
Total noninterest expense	71,797,549		55,930,767		133,850,925		109,994,463
Income before income taxes	63,074,333		46,545,354		116,518,402		88,346,475
Income tax expense	19,987,812		15,758,582		33,778,834		29,594,439
Net income	$	43,086,521	$	30,786,772	$	82,739,568	$	58,752,036
Per share information:
Basic net income per common share	$	0.81	$	0.75	$	1.64	$	1.44
Diluted net income per common share	$	0.80	$	0.73	$	1.62	$	1.42
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	53,097,776		41,274,450		50,574,079		40,678,669
Diluted	53,665,925		41,974,483		51,105,996		41,411,248

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

Table of Contents

PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)



	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Net income	$	43,086,521	$	30,786,772		$	82,739,568	$	58,752,036
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Change in fair value on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	1,795,006		3,211,042			986,851		9,642,510
Change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax	1,146,252		(339,961		)	1,003,296		(1,263,664		)
Net gain on sale of investment securities reclassified from other comprehensive income into net income, net of tax	—		—			—		—
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	2,941,258		2,871,081			1,990,147		8,378,846
Total comprehensive income	$	46,027,779	$	33,657,853		$	84,729,715	$	67,130,882

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

Table of Contents

PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)



	Common Stock
	Shares		Amounts			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comp. Income, net			Total Stockholder's Equity
Balance at December 31, 2015	40,906,064		$	40,906,064		$	839,617,050		$	278,573,408		$	(3,485,222	)	$	1,155,611,300
Exercise of employee common stock options and related tax benefits	332,094		332,094			6,798,402			—			—			7,130,496
Common dividends paid	—		—			—			(11,717,393		)	—			(11,717,393		)
Issuance of restricted common shares, net of forfeitures	141,331		141,331			(141,331		)	—			—			—
Common stock issued in conjunction with Bankers Healthcare Group investment, net	860,470		860,470			38,827,126			—			—			39,687,596
Restricted shares withheld for taxes and related tax benefit	(55,839	)	(55,839		)	(878,179		)	—			—			(934,018		)
Compensation expense for restricted shares	—		—			5,244,947			—			—			5,244,947
Net income	—		—			—			58,752,036			—			58,752,036
Other comprehensive income	—		—			—			—			8,378,846			8,378,846
Balance at June 30, 2016	42,184,120		$	42,184,120		$	889,468,015		$	325,608,051		$	4,893,624		$	1,262,153,810

Balance at December 31, 2016	46,359,377		$	46,359,377		$	1,083,490,728		$	381,072,505		$	(14,226,498	)	$	1,496,696,112
Exercise of employee common stock options	183,708		183,708			3,399,370			—			—			3,583,078
Common dividends paid	—		—			—			(14,050,051		)	—			(14,050,051		)
Issuance of restricted common shares, net of forfeitures	259,156		259,156			(259,156		)	—			—			—
Issuance of common equity, net of costs	3,220,000		3,220,000			188,973,750			—			—			192,193,750
Common stock issued in conjunction with acquisition of BNC Bancorp, net of issuance costs	27,687,100		27,687,100			1,820,146,049			—			—			1,847,833,149
Restricted shares withheld for taxes	(62,829	)	(62,829		)	(4,229,294		)	—			—			(4,292,123		)
Compensation expense for restricted shares	—		—			8,633,209			—			—			8,633,209
Net income	—		—			—			82,739,568			—			82,739,568
Other comprehensive income	—		—			—			—			1,990,147			1,990,147
Balance at June 30, 2017	77,646,512		$	77,646,512		$	3,100,154,656		$	449,762,022		$	(12,236,351	)	$	3,615,326,839

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

Table of Contents

PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)



	Six months ended June 30,
	2017			2016
Operating activities:
Net income	$	82,739,568		$	58,752,036
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net amortization/accretion of premium/discount on securities	4,388,093			2,940,923
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	(1,927,832		)	1,220,878
Provision for loan losses	10,463,411			9,173,671
Gain on mortgage loans sold, net	(8,822,489		)	(7,788,852		)
Stock-based compensation expense	8,633,209			5,244,947
Deferred tax expense	15,371,727			1,750,526
Losses on dispositions of other real estate and other investments	36,874			218,568
Income from equity method investment	(16,577,455		)	(14,791,834		)
Excess tax benefit from stock compensation	(4,548,841		)	(2,422,226		)
Gain on other loans sold, net	(483,402		)	(548,560		)
Other loans held for sale:
Loans originated	(60,171,584		)	(30,854,000		)
Loans sold	71,874,960			22,079,777
Mortgage loans held for sale:
Loans originated	(268,698,182		)	(195,638,601		)
Loans sold	261,981,394			198,239,000
Increase in other assets	(4,092,485		)	(18,585,336		)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	(21,164,810		)	30,286,044
Net cash provided by operating activities	69,002,156			59,276,961
Investing activities:
Activities in securities available-for-sale:
Purchases	(611,442,128		)	(265,495,464		)
Sales	7,492,168			—
Maturities, prepayments and calls	118,629,440			104,509,440
Activities in securities held-to-maturity:
Purchases	—			(560,000		)
Maturities, prepayments and calls	3,885,000			3,170,000
Increase in loans, net	(700,982,747		)	(559,866,109		)
Purchases of software, premises and equipment	(18,690,967		)	(6,700,278		)
Proceeds from sales of software, premises and equipment	—			1,949,036
Proceeds from sale of other real estate	2,910,226			2,323,953
Acquisitions, net of cash paid	155,141,674			—
Purchase of bank owned life insurance policies	(25,000,000		)	—
Increase in equity method investment	—			(74,100,000		)
Dividends received from equity method investment	14,916,867			21,824,256
Increase in other investments	(5,376,058		)	(16,944,435		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,058,516,525		)	(789,889,601		)
Financing activities:
Net increase in deposits	791,495,223			321,819,132
Net increase (decrease) in securities sold under agreements to repurchase	56,991,437			(5,767,418		)
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank:
Issuances	836,000,000			1,528,000,000
Payments/maturities	(517,034,260		)	(1,045,064,801		)
Increase (decrease) in other borrowings, net	(160,100		)	87,976,401
Principal payments of capital lease obligation	(72,982		)	—
Proceeds from common stock issuance, net	192,193,750			—
Exercise of common stock options and stock appreciation rights, net of repurchase of restricted shares	(709,045		)	3,774,252
Excess tax benefit from stock compensation	—			2,422,226
Common stock dividends paid	(14,050,051		)	(11,717,393		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,344,653,972			881,442,399
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	355,139,603			150,829,759
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	183,645,420			320,951,333
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	538,785,023		$	471,781,092

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business — Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. (Pinnacle Financial) is a bank holding company whose primary business is conducted by its wholly-owned subsidiary, Pinnacle Bank. Pinnacle Bank is a commercial bank headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. Pinnacle Financial completed its acquisitions of CapitalMark Bank & Trust (CapitalMark), Magna Bank (Magna), Avenue Financial Holdings, Inc. (Avenue) and BNC Bancorp (BNC) on July 31, 2015, September 1, 2015, July 1, 2016 and June 16, 2017, respectively. Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank also collectively hold a 49% interest in Bankers Healthcare Group, LLC (BHG), a full-service commercial loan provider to healthcare and other professional practices. Pinnacle Bank provides a full range of banking services, including investment, mortgage, insurance services, and comprehensive wealth management services, in its 11 primarily urban markets of Tennessee, the Carolinas and Virginia.

Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and therefore do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). All adjustments consisting of normally recurring accruals that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods covered by the report have been included. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Pinnacle Financial consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in the 2016 Annual Report previously filed on Form 10-K.

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pinnacle Financial and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Certain statutory trust affiliates of Pinnacle Financial as noted in footnote 12 of this report are included in these consolidated financial statements pursuant to the equity method of accounting. Significant intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term include the determination of the allowance for loan losses, determination of any impairment of intangible assets and the valuation of deferred tax assets. There have been no significant changes to Pinnacle Financial's significant accounting policies as disclosed in Pinnacle Financial's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, with the exception of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, which became effective January 1, 2017, as described more fully in Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements below.

Cash Flow Information — Supplemental cash flow information addressing certain cash and noncash transactions for each of the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 was as follows:



	For the six months ended June 30,
	2017		2016
Cash Transactions:
Interest paid	$	29,310,536	$	14,722,572
Income taxes paid, net	25,035,510		22,364,686
Noncash Transactions:
Loans charged-off to the allowance for loan losses	10,320,665		16,372,819
Loans foreclosed upon and transferred to other real estate owned	1,520,444		2,464,945
Loans foreclosed upon and transferred to other assets	446,487		1,673,946
Common stock issued in connection with equity-method investment	—		39,694,036
Common stock issued in connection with acquisition ⁽¹⁾	1,858,132,809		—

___________________

⁽¹⁾ See Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements for more detailed information.

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Income Per Common Share — Basic net income per common share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted. The difference between basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding is attributable to common stock options, common stock appreciation rights, restricted share awards, and restricted share unit awards. The dilutive effect of outstanding options, common stock appreciation rights, restricted share awards, and restricted share unit awards is reflected in diluted EPS by application of the treasury stock method.

The following is a summary of the basic and diluted net income per share calculations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 :



	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Basic net income per share calculation:
Numerator - Net income	$	43,086,521	$	30,786,772	$	82,739,568	$	58,752,036

Denominator - Weighted average common shares outstanding	53,097,776		41,274,450		50,574,079		40,678,669
Basic net income per common share	$	0.81	$	0.75	$	1.64	$	1.44

Diluted net income per share calculation:
Numerator – Net income	$	43,086,521	$	30,786,772	$	82,739,568	$	58,752,036

Denominator - Weighted average common shares outstanding	53,097,776		41,274,450		50,574,079		40,678,669
Dilutive shares contingently issuable	568,149		700,033		531,917		732,579
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	53,665,925		41,974,483		51,105,996		41,411,248
Diluted net income per common share	$	0.80	$	0.73	$	1.62	$	1.42

On January 27, 2017, Pinnacle Financial completed the issuance and sale of 3,220,000 shares of common stock (including 420,000 shares issued as a result of the underwriter exercising its over-allotment option) in an underwritten public offering, which shares are included in the share count above. The net proceeds of the offering, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses, were approximately $192.2 million . Also, Pinnacle Financial issued 27,687,100 shares of common stock in conjunction with the acquisition of BNC on June 16, 2017.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements — In March 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance to Accounting Standards Update, 2016-09 Stock Compensation Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Activity (ASU 2016-09) intended to simplify and improve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of such awards as either equity or liabilities and classification of such awards on the statement of cash flows. This Accounting Standards Update (ASU) impacted Pinnacle Financial's consolidated financial statements by requiring that all income tax effects related to settlements of share-based payment awards be reported as increases (or decreases) to income tax expense. Previously, income tax benefits at settlement of an award were reported as an increase (or decrease) to additional paid-in capital. The ASU also requires that all income tax related cash flows resulting from share-based payments be reported as operating activities in the statement of cash flows whereas these cash flows were previously reported as a reduction to operating cash flows and an increase to financing cash flows. The guidance became effective for Pinnacle Financial on January 1, 2017. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , the newly adopted standard resulted in a reduction in tax expense of $789,000 and $4.6 million , respectively.

Subsequent Events — Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 855, Subsequent Events, establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Pinnacle Financial evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after June 30, 2017 through the date of the issued financial statements.

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Note 2. Acquisitions

Avenue Financial Holdings, Inc. On July 1, 2016, Pinnacle Financial consummated its merger with Avenue, and Avenue Bank, Avenue's wholly-owned bank subsidiary. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 28, 2016, by and between Pinnacle Financial and Avenue (the Avenue Merger Agreement), Avenue merged with and into Pinnacle Financial, with Pinnacle Financial continuing as the surviving corporation (the Avenue Merger). On that same day, Pinnacle Bank and Avenue Bank merged, with Pinnacle Bank continuing as the surviving entity.

The following summarizes the consideration paid and an allocation of purchase price to net assets acquired (dollars in thousands):



	Number of Shares	Amount
Equity consideration:
Common stock issued	3,760,326	$	182,469
Total equity consideration		$	182,469

Non-equity consideration:
Cash paid to redeem common stock		$	20,910
Cash paid to exchange outstanding stock options		987
Total consideration paid		$	204,366

Allocation of total consideration paid:
Fair value of net assets assumed including identifiable intangible assets		$	81,695
Goodwill		122,671
		$	204,366

Goodwill originating from the Avenue Merger resulted primarily from anticipated synergies arising from the combination of certain operational areas of the businesses of Avenue and Pinnacle Financial as well as the purchase premium inherent in buying a complete and successful banking operation. Goodwill associated with the Avenue Merger is not amortizable for book or tax purposes.

Pinnacle Financial accounted for the Avenue Merger under the acquisition method in accordance with ASC Topic 805. Accordingly, the purchase price is allocated to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of merger. Purchase price allocations related to the acquisition of Avenue have been completed and are reflected in the following table (in thousands):



	As of July 1, 2016
	Avenue Historical Cost Basis		Fair Value Adjustments			As Recorded by Pinnacle Financial
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	39,485	$	—		$	39,485
Investment securities ⁽¹⁾	163,862		(463		)	163,399
Loans ⁽²⁾	980,319		(27,789		)	952,530
Mortgage loans held for sale	3,310		—			3,310
Core deposit intangible ⁽³⁾	—		8,845			8,845
Other assets ⁽⁴⁾	47,729		8,774			56,503
Total Assets	$	1,234,705	$	(10,633	)	$	1,224,072

Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits ⁽⁵⁾	$	741,635	$	1,400		$	743,035
Non-interest bearing deposits	223,685		—			223,685
Borrowings ⁽⁶⁾	142,639		3,240			145,879
Other liabilities	29,719		59			29,778
Total Liabilities	$	1,137,678	$	4,699		$	1,142,377
Net Assets Acquired	$	97,027	$	(15,332	)	$	81,695

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Explanation of certain fair value adjustments:


(1)	The amount represents the adjustment of the book value of Avenue's investment securities to their estimated fair value on the date of acquisition.


(2)	The amount represents the adjustment of the net book value of Avenue's loans to their estimated fair value based on interest rates and expected cash flows as of the date of acquisition, which includes estimates of expected credit losses inherent in the portfolio.


(3)	The amount represents the fair value of the core deposit intangible asset representing the intangible value of the deposit base acquired.


(4)	The amount represents the deferred tax asset recognized on the fair value adjustment of Avenue's acquired assets and assumed liabilities as well as the fair value adjustment for property and equipment.


(5)	The amount represents the adjustment necessary because the weighted average interest rate of Avenue's deposits exceeded the cost of similar funding at the time of acquisition. The fair value adjustment will be amortized to reduce future interest expense over the life of the portfolio.


(6)	The amount represents the adjustment necessary because the weighted average interest rate of Avenue's FHLB advances and subordinated debt issuance exceeded the cost of similar funding at the time of acquisition. The fair value adjustment will be amortized to reduce future interest expense over the life of the portfolio.

BNC Bancorp. On June 16, 2017, Pinnacle Financial consummated its merger with BNC. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 22, 2017, by and between Pinnacle Financial and BNC (the BNC Merger Agreement), BNC merged with and into Pinnacle Financial, with Pinnacle Financial continuing as the surviving corporation (the BNC Merger). On that same day, Pinnacle Bank and Bank of North Carolina, BNC's wholly-owned bank subsidiary, merged, with Pinnacle Bank continuing as the surviving entity.

The following summarizes the consideration paid and presents a preliminary allocation of purchase price to net assets acquired (dollars in thousands):



	Number of Shares	Amount
Equity consideration:
Common stock issued	27,687,100	$	1,858,133
Total equity consideration		$	1,858,133

Non-equity consideration:
Cash paid to redeem common stock		$	129
Total consideration paid		$	1,858,262

Allocation of total consideration paid:
Fair value of net assets assumed including estimated identifiable intangible assets		$	609,068
Goodwill		1,249,194
		$	1,858,262

Subsequently, Pinnacle Financial recorded costs incurred in connection with the issuance of Pinnacle Financial common stock resulting from the BNC Merger of $10.3 million which was recorded as a reduction to additional paid in capital. Certain merger-related charges resulting from cultural and systems integrations, as well as stock-based compensation expense incurred as a result of change-in-control provisions applicable to assumed equity-based awards were recorded as merger related expense.

Goodwill originating from the BNC Merger resulted primarily from anticipated synergies arising from the combination of certain operational areas of the businesses of BNC and Pinnacle Financial as well as the purchase premium inherent in buying a complete and successful banking operation. Goodwill associated with the BNC Merger is not amortizable for book or tax purposes.

Pinnacle Financial accounted for the BNC Merger under the acquisition method in accordance with ASC Topic 805. Accordingly, the purchase price is allocated to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of merger.

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The following purchase price allocations on the BNC Merger are preliminary and will be finalized upon the receipt of final valuations on certain assets and liabilities. Upon receipt of final fair value estimates, which must be received within one year of the BNC Merger date, Pinnacle Financial will make any final adjustments to the purchase price allocation and prospectively adjust any goodwill recorded. Information regarding Pinnacle Financial's loan discount and related deferred tax asset, core deposit intangible asset and related deferred tax liability, as well as income taxes payable and the related deferred tax balances recorded in the BNC Merger, may be adjusted as Pinnacle Financial refines its estimates. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities, particularly illiquid assets and liabilities, is a complicated process involving significant judgment regarding estimates and assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value. Fair value adjustments based on updated estimates could materially affect the goodwill recorded on the BNC Merger. Pinnacle Financial may incur losses on the acquired loans that are materially different from losses Pinnacle Financial originally projected.



	As of June 16, 2017
	BNC Historical Cost Basis		Preliminary Fair Value Adjustments			As Recorded by Pinnacle Financial
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	155,271	$	—		$	155,271
Investment securities ⁽¹⁾	643,875		1,667			645,542
Loans ⁽²⁾	5,782,720		(175,473		)	5,607,247
Mortgage loans held for sale	27,026		—			27,026
Other real estate owned	20,143		—			20,143
Core deposit intangible ⁽³⁾	—		48,528			48,528
Property, plant and equipment ⁽⁴⁾	156,805		—			156,805
Other assets ⁽⁵⁾	320,988		49,311			370,299
Total Assets	$	7,106,828	$	(75,967	)	$	7,030,861

Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits ⁽⁶⁾	$	5,003,653	$	4,355		$	5,008,008
Non-interest bearing deposits	1,199,342		—			1,199,342
Borrowings ⁽⁷⁾	183,389		(6,412		)	176,977
Other liabilities	35,729		1,737			37,466
Total Liabilities	$	6,422,113	$	(320	)	$	6,421,793
Net Assets Acquired	$	684,715	$	(75,647	)	$	609,068

Explanation of certain fair value adjustments:


(1)	The amount represents the adjustment of the book value of BNC's investment securities to their estimated fair value on the date of acquisition.


(2)	The amount represents the adjustment of the net book value of BNC's loans to their estimated fair value based on interest rates and expected cash flows as of the date of acquisition, which includes estimates of expected credit losses inherent in the portfolio of approximately 2.5% of the 3% mark on the acquired loan portfolio.


(3)	The amount represents the fair value of the core deposit intangible asset representing the intangible value of the deposit base acquired and the fair value of the customer relationship intangible asset representing the intangible value of customer relationships acquired.


(4)	A fair value adjustment for property and equipment will be recorded, but no estimate is determinable at this time.


(5)	The amount represents the deferred tax asset recognized on the fair value adjustment of BNC's acquired assets and assumed liabilities.


(6)	The amount represents the adjustment necessary because the weighted average interest rate of BNC's deposits exceeded the cost of similar funding at the time of acquisition. The fair value adjustment will be amortized to reduce future interest expense over the life of the portfolio.

(7)

The amount represents the combined adjustment necessary because the weighted average interest rate of BNC's subordinated debt issuance exceeded the cost of similar funding at the time of acquisition and because the weighted average interest rate of BNC's trust preferred securities issuances was lower than the cost of similar funding at the time of acquisition. The combined fair value adjustments will be amortized to increase future interest expense over the lives of the portfolios.

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Supplemental Pro Forma Combined Results of Operations

The supplemental proforma information below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 gives effect to the BNC acquisition as if it had occurred on January 1, 2016. These results combine the historical results of BNC into Pinnacle Financial's consolidated statement of income and, while certain adjustments were made for the estimated impact of certain fair value adjustments, they are not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition taken place on the indicated date nor are they intended to represent or be indicative of future results of operations. In particular, no adjustments have been made to eliminate the amount of BNC's provision for credit losses for the first six months of 2016 that may not have been necessary had the acquired loans been recorded at fair value as of the beginning of 2016. Additionally, these financials were not adjusted for non-recurring expenses, such as merger-related charges incurred by either Pinnacle Financial or BNC. Pinnacle Financial expects to achieve operating cost savings and other business synergies as a result of the acquisition which are also not reflected in the proforma amounts.



	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2017		2016		2017		2016

Revenue ⁽¹⁾	$	204,172	$	180,436	$	400,407	$	328,384
Income before income taxes	$	90,743	$	66,510	$	163,298	$	127,744

_______________________



⁽¹⁾	Net interest income plus noninterest income.

Note 3. Equity method investment

A summary of BHG's financial position as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and results of operations as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , were as follows (in thousands):



	As of
	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Assets	$	253,355	$	223,246

Liabilities	169,357		139,531
Membership interests	83,998		83,715
Total liabilities and membership	$	253,355	$	223,246



	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Revenues	$	37,012	$	39,330	$	71,247	$	70,618
Net income	$	18,013	$	21,439	$	34,024	$	33,593

At June 30, 2017 , technology, trade name and customer relationship intangibles, net of related amortization, totaled $15.1 million compared to $16.8 million as of December 31, 2016 . Amortization expense of $832 ,000 and $1.7 million was included for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , respectively, compared to $575 ,000 and $953 ,000, respectively, for the same periods in the prior year. Accretion income of $767 ,000 and $1.6 million was included in the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , respectively, compared to $303,000 and $1.2 million for the same periods in the prior year, respectively.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank received dividends from BHG of $12.5 million and $14.9 million in the aggregate, respectively, compared to $16.5 million and $21.8 million , respectively, for the same periods in the prior year. Earnings from BHG are included in Pinnacle Financial's consolidated tax return. Profits from intercompany transactions are eliminated. No loans were purchased from BHG by Pinnacle Bank for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 or June 30, 2016 , respectively.

Note 4. Securities

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

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	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
June 30, 2017:
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	250	$	1	$	—	$	251
U.S. government agency securities	62,659		—		759		61,900
Mortgage-backed securities	1,548,758		5,440		15,148		1,539,050
State and municipal securities	532,508		5,209		4,115		533,602
Asset-backed securities	190,560		134		474		190,220
Corporate notes and other	102,016		182		187		102,011
	$	2,436,751	$	10,966	$	20,683	$	2,427,034
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	21,163	$	199	$	40	$	21,322
	$	21,163	$	199	$	40	$	21,322



December 31, 2016:
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	250	$	—	$	—	$	250
U.S. government agency securities	22,306		—		537		21,769
Mortgage-backed securities	988,008		4,304		15,686		976,626
State and municipal securities	211,581		4,103		2,964		212,720
Asset-backed securities	79,318		111		849		78,580
Corporate notes and other	8,608		39		46		8,601
	$	1,310,071	$	8,557	20,082		$	1,298,546
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	25,251	$	87	$	105	$	25,233
	$	25,251	$	87	$	105	$	25,233

At June 30, 2017 , approximately $1.24 billion of securities within Pinnacle Financial's investment portfolio were pledged to secure either public funds and other deposits or securities sold under agreements to repurchase. At June 30, 2017 , repurchase agreements comprised of secured borrowings totaled $205.0 million and were secured by $205.0 million of pledged U.S. government agency securities, municipal securities, asset backed securities, and corporate debentures. As the fair value of securities pledged to secure repurchase agreements may decline, Pinnacle Financial regularly evaluates its need to pledge additional securities to remain adequately secured.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities as of June 30, 2017 by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities of mortgage- and asset-backed securities since the mortgages and assets underlying the securities may be called or prepaid with or without penalty. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following summary (in thousands):



	Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity
June 30, 2017:	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	31,917	$	31,811	$	1,021	$	1,023
Due in one year to five years	82,347		83,312		6,603		6,631
Due in five years to ten years	166,329		168,799		10,219		10,323
Due after ten years	416,840		413,842		3,320		3,345
Mortgage-backed securities	1,548,758		1,539,050		—		—
Asset-backed securities	190,560		190,220		—		—
	$	2,436,751	$	2,427,034	$	21,163	$	21,322

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At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the following investments had unrealized losses. The table below classifies these investments according to the term of the unrealized losses of less than twelve months or twelve months or longer (in thousands):



	Investments with an Unrealized Loss of less than 12 months				Investments with an Unrealized Loss of 12 months or longer				Total Investments with an Unrealized Loss
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
At June 30, 2017

U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	49,120		536		12,780		223		61,900		759
Mortgage-backed securities	1,097,974		13,490		85,658		1,658		1,183,632		15,148
State and municipal securities	324,824		3,379		20,830		776		345,654		4,155
Asset-backed securities	113,296		157		19,153		317		132,449		474
Corporate notes	62,023		187		—		—		62,023		187
Total temporarily-impaired securities	$	1,647,237	$	17,749	$	138,421	$	2,974	$	1,785,658	$	20,723

At December 31, 2016

U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	—		—		20,820		537		20,820		537
Mortgage-backed securities	801,213		15,073		43,148		613		844,361		15,686
State and municipal securities	87,277		3,068		312		1		87,589		3,069
Asset-backed securities	14,510		32		34,097		817		48,607		849
Corporate notes	4,810		46		—		—		4,810		46
Total temporarily-impaired securities	$	907,810	$	18,219	$	98,377	$	1,968	$	1,006,187	$	20,187

The applicable dates for determining when securities are in an unrealized loss position are June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . As such, it is possible that a security had a market value that exceeded its amortized cost on other days during the past twelve-month pe riods ended June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , but is in the "Investments with an Unrealized Loss of less t han 12 months" category above.

As shown in the tables above, including both available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities, at June 30, 2017 , Pinnacle Financial had approximately $20.7 million in unrealized losses on $1.79 billion of securities. The unrealized losses associated with these investment securities are driven by changes in interest rates and are not due to the credit quality of the securities. These securities will continue to be monitored as a part of Pinnacle Financial's ongoing impairment analysis. Management evaluates the financial performance of the issuers on a quarterly basis to determine if it is probable that the issuers can make all contractual principal and interest payments. Because Pinnacle Financial currently does not intend to sell those securities that have an unrealized loss at June 30, 2017 , and it is not more-likely-than-not that Pinnacle Financial will be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, Pinnacle Financial does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at June 30, 2017 .

Periodically, available-for-sale securities may be sold or the composition of the portfolio realigned to improve yields, quality or marketability, or to implement changes in investment or asset/liability strategy, including maintaining collateral requirements and raising funds for liquidity purposes. Additionally, if an available-for-sale security loses its investment grade or tax-exempt status, the underlying credit support is terminated or collection otherwise becomes uncertain based on factors known to management, Pinnacle Financial will consider selling the security, but will review each security on a case-by-case basis as these factors become known.

The carrying values of Pinnacle Financial's investment securities could decline in the future if the financial condition of issuers deteriorates and management determines it is probable that Pinnacle Financial will not recover the entire amortized cost bases of the securities. As a result, there is a risk that other-than-temporary impairment charges may occur in the future. Additionally, there is a risk that other-than-temporary impairment charges may occur in the future if management's intention to hold these securities to maturity and/or recovery changes.

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Note 5. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

For financial reporting purposes, Pinnacle Financial classifies its loan portfolio based on the underlying collateral utilized to secure each loan. This classification is consistent with those utilized in the Quarterly Report of Condition and Income filed with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

Pinnacle Financial uses five loan categories: commercial real estate mortgage, consumer real estate mortgage, construction and land development, commercial and industrial, and consumer and other.

•

Commercial real-estate mortgage loans . Commercial real-estate mortgage loans are categorized as such based on investor exposures where repayment is largely dependent upon the operation, refinance, or sale of the underlying real estate. Commercial real-estate mortgage also includes owner occupied commercial real estate which shares a similar risk profile to Pinnacle Financial's commercial and industrial products.


•	Consumer real-estate mortgage loans . Consumer real-estate mortgage consists primarily of loans secured by 1-4 residential properties, including home equity lines of credit.

•

Construction and land development loans . Construction and land development loans include loans where the repayment is dependent on the successful operation of the related real estate project. Construction and land development loans include 1-4 family construction projects and commercial construction endeavors such as warehouses, apartments, office and retail space and land acquisition and development.


•	Commercial and industrial loans . Commercial and industrial loans include loans to business enterprises issued for commercial, industrial and/or other professional purposes.


•	Consumer and other loans . Consumer and other loans include all loans issued to individuals not included in the consumer real-estate mortgage classification. Examples of consumer and other loans are automobile loans, credit cards and loans to finance education, among others.

Commercial loans receive risk ratings assigned by a financial advisor and approved by a senior credit officer subject to validation by Pinnacle Financial's independent loan review department. Risk ratings are categorized as pass, special mention, substandard, substandard-nonaccrual or doubtful-nonaccrual. Pinnacle Financial believes that its categories follow those used by Pinnacle Bank's primary regulators. At June 30, 2017 , approximately 77% of Pinnacle Financial's loan portfolio was analyzed as a commercial loan type with a specifically assigned risk rating in the allowance for loan loss assessment. Consumer loans and small business loans are generally not assigned an individual risk rating but are evaluated as either accrual or nonaccrual based on the performance of the individual loans. However, certain consumer real-estate mortgage loans and certain consumer and other loans receive a specific risk rating due to the loan proceeds being used for commercial purposes even though the collateral may be of a consumer loan nature.

Risk ratings are subject to continual review by a financial advisor and a senior credit officer. At least annually, Pinnacle Financial's credit procedures require that every risk rated loan of $1.0 million or more be subject to a formal credit risk review process by the assigned financial advisor. Each loan's risk rating is also subject to review by Pinnacle Financial's independent loan review department, which reviews a substantial portion of Pinnacle Financial's risk rated portfolio annually. Included in the coverage are independent loan reviews of loans in targeted higher-risk portfolio segments such as certain commercial and industrial loans, land loans and/or loan types in certain geographies.

The following table presents Pinnacle Financial's loan balances by primary loan classification and the amount within each risk rating category. Pass rated loans include all credits other than those included in special mention, substandard, substandard-nonaccrual and doubtful-nonaccrual which are defined as follows:


•	Special mention loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in Pinnacle Financial's credit position at some future date.

•

Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize collection of the debt. Substandard loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that Pinnacle Financial will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.


•	Substandard-nonaccrual loans are substandard loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status.


•	Doubtful-nonaccrual loans have all the characteristics of substandard-nonaccrual loans with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

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The following table outlines the amount of each loan classification categorized into each risk rating category as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



	Commercial real estate - mortgage		Consumer real estate - mortgage		Construction and land development		Commercial and industrial		Consumer and other		Total
June 30, 2017
Pass	$	6,192,533	$	2,449,319	$	1,737,057	$	3,565,754	$	355,314	$	14,299,977
Special Mention	112,120		58,928		12,628		36,759		1,432		221,867
Substandard ⁽¹⁾	72,603		26,116		19,241		78,637		108		196,705
Substandard-nonaccrual	10,042		17,810		3,873		7,206		456		39,387
Doubtful-nonaccrual	74		754		—		1		—		829
Total loans	$	6,387,372	$	2,552,927	$	1,772,799	$	3,688,357	$	357,310	$	14,758,765



December 31, 2016
Pass	$	3,137,452	$	1,160,361	$	897,556	$	2,782,713	$	264,723	$	8,242,805
Special Mention	21,449		1,856		2,716		25,641		802		52,464
Substandard ⁽¹⁾	29,674		15,627		5,788		75,861		129		127,079
Substandard-nonaccrual	4,921		8,073		6,613		7,492		475		27,574
Doubtful-nonaccrual	—		—		—		3		—		3
Total loans	$	3,193,496	$	1,185,917	$	912,673	$	2,891,710	$	266,129	$	8,449,925

(1)

Potential problem loans represent those loans with a well-defined weakness and where information about possible credit problems of borrowers has caused management to have doubts about the borrower's ability to comply with present repayment terms. This definition is believed to be substantially consistent with the standards established by Pinnacle Bank's primary regulators for loans classified as substandard, excluding the impact of nonaccrual loans and troubled debt restructurings. Potential problem loans, which are not included in nonaccrual loans, amounted to approximately $182.5 million at June 30, 2017 , compared to $114.6 million at December 31, 2016 .

The table below details the loans acquired from BNC and the fair value adjustment with respect thereto as of June 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):



	Commercial real estate - mortgage		Consumer real estate - mortgage		Construction and land development		Commercial and industrial		Consumer and other		Fair value adjustment			Net total acquired loans
June 30, 2017
Pass	$	3,029,203	$	1,247,986	$	699,921	$	489,340	$	79,163	$	(143,783	)	$	5,401,830
Special Mention	73,517		58,876		9,385		7,881		678		(5,111		)	145,226
Substandard ⁽¹⁾	46,825		14,650		17,717		9,881		—		(16,335		)	72,738
Substandard-nonaccrual	9,719		12,302		1,157		1,783		4		(7,257		)	17,708
Doubtful-nonaccrual	193		858		—		—		—		(220		)	831
Total loans	$	3,159,457	$	1,334,672	$	728,180	$	508,885	$	79,845	$	(172,706	)	$	5,638,333

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality are recorded pursuant to the provisions of ASC 310-30, and are referred to as purchase credit impaired loans. The following table provides a rollforward of purchase credit impaired loans from December 31, 2016 through June 30, 2017 (in thousands):



	Gross Carrying Value			Accretable Yield			Nonaccretable Yield			Net Carrying Value
December 31, 2016	$	12,468		$	—		$	(3,633	)	$	8,835
Acquisitions	75,425			(300		)	(25,953		)	49,172
Year-to-date settlements	(2,919		)	2			796			(2,121		)
June 30, 2017	$	84,974		$	(298	)	$	(28,790	)	$	55,886

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Certain of these loans have been deemed to be collateral dependent and as such, no accretable yield has been recorded for these loans. The carrying value is adjusted for additional draws, pursuant to contractual arrangements, offset by loan paydowns. Year-to-date settlements include both loans that were charged-off as well as loans that were paid off, typically as a result of refinancings at other institutions.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , the average balance of nonaccrual loans was $26.7 million and $26.7 million , respectively, compared to $37.0 million and $36.6 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2016. Pinnacle Financial's policy is that the discontinuation of the accrual of interest income will occur when (1) there is a significant deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower and full repayment of principal and interest is not expected or (2) the principal or interest is more than 90 days past due, unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. As such, at the date the above mentioned loans were placed on nonaccrual status, Pinnacle Financial reversed all previously accrued interest income against current year earnings. Pinnacle Financial's policy is that once a loan is placed on nonaccrual status each subsequent payment is reviewed on a case-by-case basis to determine if the payment should be applied to interest or principal pursuant to regulatory guidelines. Pinnacle Financial recognized approximately $16,000 and $65,000 , respectively, in interest income from cash payments received on nonaccrual loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , compared to approximately $41,000 and $88,000 , respectively, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 . Had these nonaccruing loans been on accruing status, interest income would have been higher by $1.0 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , respectively, compared to $396,000 and $676,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 , respectively.

The following table details the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance of Pinnacle Financial's nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 by loan classification (in thousands):



	At June 30, 2017						At December 31, 2016
	Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balances ⁽¹⁾		Related allowance ⁽²⁾		Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balances ⁽¹⁾		Related allowance ⁽²⁾
Collateral dependent nonaccrual loans:
Commercial real estate – mortgage	$	9,532	$	12,824	$	—	$	2,308	$	2,312	$	—
Consumer real estate – mortgage	14,539		17,508		—		2,880		2,915		—
Construction and land development	1,935		2,192		—		3,128		3,135		—
Commercial and industrial	6,270		7,270		—		6,373		6,407		—
Consumer and other	2		2		—		—		—		—
Total	$	32,278	$	39,796	$	—	$	14,689	$	14,769	$	—

Cash flow dependent nonaccrual loans:
Commercial real estate – mortgage	$	584	$	810	$	38	$	2,613	$	3,349	$	59
Consumer real estate – mortgage	4,025		4,077		941		5,193		5,775		688
Construction and land development	1,938		2,384		22		3,485		4,154		20
Commercial and industrial	938		936		172		1,122		2,714		77
Consumer and other	453		498		232		475		851		227
Total	$	7,938	$	8,705	$	1,405	$	12,888	$	16,843	$	1,071

Total nonaccrual loans	$	40,216	$	48,501	$	1,405	$	27,577	$	31,612	$	1,071


⁽¹⁾	Unpaid principal balance presented net of fair value adjustments recorded in conjunction with purchase accounting.


⁽²⁾	Collateral dependent loans are typically charged-off to their net realizable value and no specific allowance is carried related to those loans.

The following table details the average recorded investment and the amount of interest income recognized on a cash basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, on Pinnacle Financial's nonaccrual loans that remain on the balance sheets as of such date (in thousands):

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	For the three months ended June 30,								For the six months ended June 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
	Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
Collateral dependent nonaccrual loans:
Commercial real estate – mortgage	$	4,019	$	—	$	3,845	$	—	$	3,298	$	—	$	3,474	$	—
Consumer real estate – mortgage	6,000		—		4,125		—		5,188		—		4,140		—
Construction and land development	665		16		7,125		41		592		65		7,293		88
Commercial and industrial	6,341		—		12,107		—		6,356		—		11,928		—
Consumer and other	1		—		383		—		—		—		385		—
Total	$	17,026	$	16	$	27,585	$	41	$	15,434	$	65	$	27,220	$	88

Cash flow dependent nonaccrual loans:
Commercial real estate – mortgage	$	619	$	—	$	1,352	$	—	$	1,166	$	—	$	725	$	—
Consumer real estate – mortgage	4,126		—		3,163		—		4,197		—		3,181		—
Construction and land development	1,928		—		130		—		2,119		—		134		—
Commercial and industrial	1,221		—		1,838		—		1,345		—		2,396		—
Consumer and other	1,821		—		2,936		—		2,409		—		2,973		—
Total	$	9,715	$	—	$	9,419	$	—	$	11,236	$	—	$	9,409	$	—

Total nonaccrual loans	$	26,741	$	16	$	37,004	$	41	$	26,670	$	65	$	36,629	$	88

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , there were $14.2 million and $15.0 million , respectively, of troubled debt restructurings that were performing as of their restructure date and which were accruing interest.

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The following table outlines the amount of each loan category where troubled debt restructurings were made during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):



	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
2017	Number of contracts	Pre Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment, net of related allowance		Number of contracts	Pre Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment, net of related allowance
Commercial real estate – mortgage	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Consumer real estate – mortgage	1	9		6		1	9		6
Construction and land development	—	—		—		—	—		—
Commercial and industrial	—	—		—		2	2,033		2,033
Consumer and other	—	—		—		—	—		—
	1	$	9	$	6	3	$	2,042	$	2,039

2016
Commercial real estate – mortgage	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Consumer real estate – mortgage	—	—		—		—	—		—
Construction and land development	—	—		—		—	—		—
Commercial and industrial	—	—		—		1	2,321		1,536
Consumer and other	—	—		—		—	—		—
	—	$	—	$	—	1	$	2,321	$	1,536

During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , Pinnacle Financial did not have any troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted within twelve months of the restructuring.

To monitor concentration risk, Pinnacle Financial utilizes broadly accepted industry classification systems in order to classify borrowers into various industry classifications. Pinnacle Financial has a credit exposure (loans outstanding plus unfunded lines of credit) exceeding 25% of Pinnacle Bank's total risk-based capital to borrowers in the following industries at June 30, 2017 with the comparative exposures for December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



	June 30, 2017
	Outstanding Principal Balances		Unfunded Commitments		Total exposure		Total Exposure at December 31, 2016
Lessors of nonresidential buildings	$	2,679,712	$	542,158	$	3,221,870	$	1,701,853
Lessors of residential buildings	879,787		289,682		1,169,469		874,234

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The table below presents past due balances by loan classification and segment at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , allocated between accruing and nonaccrual status (in thousands):



	Accruing										Nonaccruing
June 30, 2017	30-89 days past due and accruing		90 days or more past due and accruing		Total past due and accruing		Purchased credit impaired		Current and accruing		Nonaccrual ⁽¹⁾		Purchased credit impaired		Total loans
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied	$	3,872	$	—	$	3,872	$	6,545	$	2,352,679	$	2,249	$	3,296	$	2,368,641
All other	1,820		—		1,820		11,061		4,001,279		819		3,752		4,018,731
Consumer real estate – mortgage	7,689		—		7,689		9,081		2,517,593		8,133		10,431		2,552,927
Construction and land development	6,250		—		6,250		7,628		1,755,049		1,121		2,751		1,772,799
Commercial and industrial	2,880		1,072		3,952		559		3,676,638		6,429		779		3,688,357
Consumer and other	4,692		619		5,311		—		351,543		453		3		357,310
	$	27,203	$	1,691	$	28,894	$	34,874	$	14,654,781	$	19,204	$	21,012	$	14,758,765



December 31, 2016
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied	$	3,505	$	—	$	3,505	$	—	$	1,347,134	$	2,297	$	1,956	$	1,354,893
All other	—		—		—		—		1,837,936		240		428		1,838,603
Consumer real estate – mortgage	3,838		53		3,891		—		1,173,953		5,554		2,520		1,185,917
Construction and land development	2,210		—		2,210		—		903,850		3,205		3,408		912,673
Commercial and industrial	4,475		—		4,475		—		2,879,740		6,971		524		2,891,710
Consumer and other	7,168		1,081		8,249		—		257,405		475		—		266,129
	$	21,196	$	1,134	$	22,330	$	—	$	8,400,018	$	18,742	$	8,836	$	8,449,925


(1)	Approximately $10.0 million and $16.7 million of nonaccrual loans as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively, were performing pursuant to their contractual terms at those dates .

The following table shows the allowance allocation by loan classification and accrual status at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



					Impaired Loans
	Accruing Loans				Nonaccrual Loans				Troubled Debt Restructurings ⁽¹⁾				Total Allowance for Loan Losses
	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Commercial real estate –mortgage	$	15,963	$	13,595	$	38	$	59	$	1	$	1	$	16,002	$	13,655
Consumer real estate – mortgage	6,891		5,874		941		688		3		2		7,835		6,564
Construction and land development	5,104		3,604		22		20		—		—		5,126		3,624
Commercial and industrial	24,005		24,648		172		77		58		18		24,235		24,743
Consumer and other	7,317		9,293		232		227		—		—		7,549		9,520
Unallocated	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,197		874
	$	59,280	$	57,014	$	1,405	$	1,071	$	62	$	21	$	61,944	$	58,980


(1)	Troubled debt restructurings of $14.2 million and $15.0 million as of both June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively, are classified as impaired loans pursuant to U.S. GAAP; however, these loans continue to accrue interest at contractual rates.

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The following table details the changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, by loan classification (in thousands):



	Commercial real estate - mortgage			Consumer real estate - mortgage			Construction and land development			Commercial and industrial			Consumer and other			Unallocated			Total
Three months ended June 30, 2017:
Balance at April 1, 2017	$	14,168		$	7,219		$	4,441		$	22,912		$	8,477		$	1,133		$	58,350
Charged-off loans	(8		)	(206		)	—			(495		)	(4,448		)	—			(5,157		)
Recovery of previously charged-off loans	9			412			96			560			862			—			1,939
Provision for loan losses	1,833			410			589			1,258			2,658			64			6,812
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	16,002		$	7,835		$	5,126		$	24,235		$	7,549		$	1,197		$	61,944

Three months ended June 30, 2016:
Balance at April 1, 2016	$	13,551		$	7,169		$	3,942		$	24,144		$	11,858		$	1,575		$	62,239
Charged-off loans	(196		)	(180		)	—			(619		)	(6,151		)	—			(7,146		)
Recovery of previously charged-off loans	135			71			81			182			570			—			1,039
Provision for loan losses	175			(520		)	(100		)	1,383			4,861			(519		)	5,280
Balance at June 30, 2016	$	13,665		$	6,540		$	3,923		$	25,090		$	11,138		$	1,056		$	61,412

Six months ended June 30, 2017:
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	13,655		$	6,564		$	3,624		$	24,743		$	9,520		$	874		$	58,980
Charged-off loans	(9		)	(268		)	—			(1,653		)	(8,391		)	—			(10,321		)
Recovery of previously charged-off loans	15			582			129			702			1,394			—			2,822
Provision for loan losses	2,341			957			1,373			443			5,026			323			10,463
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	16,002		$	7,835		$	5,126		$	24,235		$	7,549		$	1,197		$	61,944

Six months ended June 30, 2016:
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	15,513		$	7,220		$	2,903		$	23,643		$	15,616		$	537		$	65,432
Charged-off loans	(196		)	(379		)	—			(2,243		)	(13,555		)	—			(16,373		)
Recovery of previously charged-off loans	193			156			106			1,615			1,109			—			3,179
Provision for loan losses	(1,845		)	(457		)	914			2,075			7,968			519			9,174
Balance at June 30, 2016	$	13,665		$	6,540		$	3,923		$	25,090		$	11,138		$	1,056		$	61,412

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The following table details the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans by loan classification and by impairment evaluation method as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively (in thousands):



	Commercial real estate - mortgage		Consumer real estate - mortgage		Construction and land development		Commercial and industrial		Consumer and other		Unallocated		Total
June 30, 2017
Allowance for Loan Losses:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	15,963	$	6,891	$	5,104	$	24,005	$	7,317	$	1,197	$	60,477
Individually evaluated for impairment	39		944		22		230		232		—		1,467
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total allowance for loan losses	$	16,002	$	7,835	$	5,126	$	24,235	$	7,549	$	1,197	$	61,944

Loans:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	6,359,443	$	2,522,372	$	1,761,298	$	3,669,480	$	356,833			$	14,669,426
Individually evaluated for impairment	3,275		11,043		1,122		17,536		477				33,453
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	24,654		19,512		10,379		1,341		—				55,886
Total loans	$	6,387,372	$	2,552,927	$	1,772,799	$	3,688,357	$	357,310			$	14,758,765

December 31, 2016
Allowance for Loan Losses:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	13,595	$	5,874	$	3,604	$	24,648	$	9,293	$	874	$	57,888
Individually evaluated for impairment	60		690		20		95		227		—		1,092
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total allowance for loan losses	$	13,655	$	6,564	$	3,624	$	24,743	$	9,520	$	874	$	58,980

Loans:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	3,188,362	$	1,174,456	$	906,053	$	2,872,855	$	265,613			$	8,407,339
Individually evaluated for impairment	2,750		8,941		3,212		18,331		516				33,750
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	2,384		2,520		3,408		524		—				8,836
Total loans	$	3,193,496	$	1,185,917	$	912,673	$	2,891,710	$	266,129			$	8,449,925

The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is assessed at the end of each calendar quarter. The level of the allowance is based upon evaluation of the loan portfolio, current asset quality trends, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers' ability to repay (including the timing of future payment), the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, economic conditions, historical loss experience, industry and peer bank loan quality indications and other pertinent factors, including regulatory recommendations. The allowance for loan losses for purchased loans is calculated similarly to the method utilized for legacy Pinnacle Bank loans. Pinnacle Financial's accounting policy is to compare the computed allowance for loan losses for purchased loans on a loan-by-loan basis to any remaining fair value adjustment. If the computed allowance is greater than the remaining fair value adjustment, the excess is added to the allowance for loan losses by a charge to the provision for loan losses.

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At June 30, 2017 , Pinnacle Bank had granted loans and other extensions of credit amounting to approximately $25.8 million to current directors, executive officers, and their related entities, of which $17.2 million had been drawn upon. At December 31, 2016 , Pinnacle Bank had granted loans and other extensions of credit amounting to approximately $22.6 million to directors, executive officers, and their related entities, of which approximately $14.8 million had been drawn upon. None of these loans to directors, executive officers, and their related entities were impaired at June 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016 .

At June 30, 2017 , Pinnacle Financial had approximately $11.4 million in commercial loans held for sale, which included loans previously held in Pinnacle Bank's commercial loan portfolio that it has elected to sell as well apartment loans originated for sale to a third-party as part of a multi-family loan program. Such loans are closed under a pass-through commitment structure wherein Pinnacle Bank's loan commitment to the borrower is the same as the third party's take-out commitment to Pinnacle Bank, and the third party purchase typically occurs within thirty days of Pinnacle Bank closing with the borrowers.

Residential Lending

At June 30, 2017 , Pinnacle Financial had approximately $90.3 million of mortgage loans held-for-sale compared to approximately $47.7 million at December 31, 2016 . Total loan volumes sold during the six months ended June 30, 2017 were approximately $262.0 million compared to approximately $198.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 . During the six months ended June 30, 2017 , Pinnacle Financial recognized $8.8 million in gains on the sale of these loans, net of commissions paid, compared to $7.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 .

These mortgage loans held-for-sale are originated internally and are primarily to borrowers in Pinnacle Bank's geographic markets. These sales are typically on a mandatory basis to investors that follow conventional government sponsored entities (GSE) and the Department of Housing and Urban Development/U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (HUD/VA) guidelines.

Each purchaser of a mortgage loan held-for-sale has specific guidelines and criteria for sellers of loans, and the risk of credit loss with regard to the principal amount of the loans sold is generally transferred to the purchasers upon sale. While the loans are sold without recourse, the purchase agreements require Pinnacle Bank to make certain representations and warranties regarding the existence and sufficiency of file documentation and the absence of fraud by borrowers or other third parties such as appraisers in connection with obtaining the loan. If it is determined that the loans sold were in breach of these representations or warranties, Pinnacle Bank has obligations to either repurchase the loan for the unpaid principal balance and related investor fees or make the purchaser whole for the economic benefits of the loan. To date, repurchase activity pursuant to the terms of these representations and warranties has been insignificant to Pinnacle Bank.

Note 6. Income Taxes

ASC 740, Income Taxes , defines the threshold for recognizing the benefits of tax return positions in the financial statements as "more-likely-than-not" to be sustained by the taxing authority. This section also provides guidance on the derecognition, measurement and classification of income tax uncertainties, along with any related interest and penalties, and includes guidance concerning accounting for income tax uncertainties in interim periods.

The unrecognized tax benefit related to uncertain tax positions related to state income tax filings was $1.3 million at June 30, 2017 compared to $196,000 at June 30, 2016 . No change was recorded to the unrecognized tax benefit related to uncertain tax positions in each of the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 .

Pinnacle Financial's policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The total amount of interest and penalties recorded in the income statement for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was $3,600 and $22,000 , respectively, compared to no interest and penalties for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 .

Pinnacle Financial's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was 31.7% and 29.0% , respectively, compared to 33.9% and 33.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 . The difference between the effective tax rate and the federal and state income tax statutory rate of 39.23% is primarily due to state excise tax expense, investments in bank qualified municipal securities, tax benefits of Pinnacle Financial's real estate investment trust subsidiary, participation in the Community Investment Tax Credit (CITC) program, and tax benefits associated with share-based compensation, bank-owned life insurance and our captive insurance subsidiary, offset in part by the limitation on deductibility of meals and entertainment expense and certain merger-related expenses. The impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 (as described in Note 1) was included in income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , resulting in the recognition of $789,000 and $4.6 million , respectively, of tax benefits

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which reduced income tax expense. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, these tax benefits were recorded as an increase to additional paid-in-capital.

Note 7. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

In the normal course of business, Pinnacle Financial has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments which include commitments to extend credit (i.e., including unfunded lines of credit) and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are usually the result of lines of credit granted to existing borrowers under agreements that the total outstanding indebtedness will not exceed a specific amount during the term of the indebtedness. Typical borrowers are commercial concerns that use lines of credit to supplement their treasury management functions, and thus their total outstanding indebtedness may fluctuate during any time period based on the seasonality of their business and the resultant timing of their cash flows. Other typical lines of credit are related to home equity loans granted to consumers. Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. At June 30, 2017 , these commitments amounted to $5.0 billion .

Standby letters of credit are generally issued on behalf of an applicant (our customer) to a specifically named beneficiary and are the result of a particular business arrangement that exists between the applicant and the beneficiary. Standby letters of credit have fixed expiration dates and are usually for terms of two years or less unless terminated beforehand due to criteria specified in the standby letter of credit. A typical arrangement involves the applicant routinely being indebted to the beneficiary for such items as inventory purchases, insurance, utilities, lease guarantees or other third party commercial transactions. The standby letter of credit would permit the beneficiary to obtain payment from Pinnacle Financial under certain prescribed circumstances. Subsequently, Pinnacle Financial would then seek reimbursement from the applicant pursuant to the terms of the standby letter of credit. At June 30, 2017 , these commitments amounted to $135.8 million .

Pinnacle Financial typically follows the same credit policies and underwriting practices when making these commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Each customer's creditworthiness is typically evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and the amount of collateral obtained, if any, is based on management's credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include cash, real estate and improvements, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and personal property.

The contractual amounts of these commitments are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements and only amounts drawn upon would be reflected in the future. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contractual amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. However, should the commitments be drawn upon and should Pinnacle Financial's customers default on their resulting obligation to Pinnacle Financial, the maximum exposure to credit loss, without consideration of collateral, is represented by the contractual amount of those commitments. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , Pinnacle Financial had accrued $3.1 million and $1.1 million , respectively, for the inherent risks associated with these off-balance sheet commitments.

Various legal claims also arise from time to time in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these claims outstanding at June 30, 2017 will not have a material adverse impact on Pinnacle Financial's consolidated financial condition, operating results or cash flows.

Note 8. Stock Options and Restricted Shares

As described more fully in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, as of December 31, 2016, Pinnacle Financial has one equity incentive plan under which it is able to grant awards, the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (2014 Plan) and has assumed the stock option plan of CapitalMark (the CapitalMark Option Plan) in connection with the CapitalMark Merger and the BNC Bancorp 2013 Amended and Restated Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (BNC Plan) in connection with the acquisition of BNC. In addition, awards previously granted remain outstanding under equity plans previously adopted by Pinnacle Financial's board of directors. No new awards may be granted under plans other than the 2014 Plan, or, in the case of associates that were former associates of BNC or its subsidiaries, the BNC Plan.

Total shares available for issuance under the 2014 Plan were approximately 735,912 shares as of June 30, 2017 , inclusive of shares returned to plan reserves during the six months ended June 30, 2017 . The 2014 Plan also permits Pinnacle Financial to reissue awards currently outstanding that are subsequently forfeited, settled in cash or expired unexercised and returned to the 2014 Plan. Upon the acquisition of CapitalMark, Pinnacle Financial assumed approximately 858,000 of stock options under the CapitalMark Plan. No further shares remain available for issuance under the CapitalMark Option Plan. Approximately 33,000 shares remain available for issuance to existing BNC associates in future periods, related to the BNC Plan. No options were assumed upon the acquisition of Magna, Avenue or BNC as all preexisting Magna, Avenue and BNC stock options were converted to cash upon acquisition.

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Common Stock Options

A summary of the stock option activity within the equity incentive plans during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and information regarding expected vesting, contractual terms remaining, intrinsic values and other matters is as follows:



	Number		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Contractual Remaining Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000's)
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	550,490		$	20.75	2.61	$	26,728	⁽¹⁾
Granted	—
Exercised ⁽³⁾	(184,181	)
Forfeited	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2017	366,309		$	21.23	3.18	$	15,228	⁽²⁾
Options exercisable at June 30, 2017	366,309		$	21.23	3.18	$	15,228	⁽²⁾


(1)	The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted closing price of Pinnacle Financial common stock of $69.30 per common share at December 31, 2016 for the 550,490 options that were in-the-money at December 31, 2016 .


(2)	The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted closing price of Pinnacle Financial common stock of $62.80 per common share at June 30, 2017 for the 366,309 options that were in-the-money at June 30, 2017 .


(3)	Includes 750 stock options which were exercised in a stock swap transaction which settled in 277 shares of Pinnacle Financial common stock.

Compensation costs related to stock options granted under Pinnacle Financial's equity incentive plan have been fully recognized and all outstanding option awards are fully vested.

Restricted Share Awards

A summary of activity for unvested restricted share awards for the six months ended June 30, 2017 is as follows:



	Number		Grant Date Weighted-Average Cost
Unvested at December 31, 2016	820,539		$	36.47
Shares awarded	233,340
Conversion of previously awarded restricted share units to restricted share awards	43,680
Shares assumed in connection with acquisition of BNC	136,890
Restrictions lapsed and shares released to associates/directors	(212,659	)
Shares forfeited ⁽¹⁾	(17,765	)
Unvested at June 30, 2017	1,004,025		$	50.10


(1)	Represents shares forfeited due to employee termination and/or retirement. No shares were forfeited due to failure to meet performance targets.

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Pinnacle Financial has granted restricted share awards to associates, executive management and outside directors with a combination of time and, in the case of executive management, performance vesting criteria. The following table outlines restricted stock grants that were awarded, grouped by similar vesting criteria, during the six months ended June 30, 2017 :



Grant Year	Group ⁽¹⁾	Vesting Period in years	Shares awarded	Restrictions Lapsed and shares released to participants	Shares Forfeited by participants ⁽⁶⁾	Shares Unvested
Time Based Awards
2017	Associates ⁽²⁾	3 - 5	82,973	298	151	82,524
2017	Associates ⁽³⁾	3 - 5	136,690	—	—	136,690

Performance Based Awards
2017	Leadership team ⁽⁴⁾	3	43,680	—	—	43,680

Outside Director Awards ⁽⁵⁾
2017	Outside directors	1	13,677	2,376	796	10,505

(1)

Groups include employees (referred to as associates above), the leadership team which includes our named executive officers and other key senior leadership members, and outside directors. When the restricted shares are awarded, a participant receives voting rights and forfeitable dividend rights with respect to the shares, but is not able to transfer the shares until the restrictions have lapsed. Once the restrictions lapse, the participant is taxed on the value of the award and may elect to sell some shares (or have Pinnacle Financial withhold some shares) to pay the applicable income taxes associated with the award. For time-based restricted share awards, dividends paid on shares for which the forfeiture restrictions do not lapse will be recouped by Pinnacle Financial at the time of termination. For performance-based awards and time-based awards to Pinnacle Financial's executive officers, dividends are placed into escrow until the forfeiture restrictions on such shares lapse.


(2)	The forfeiture restrictions on these restricted share awards lapse in equal annual installments on the anniversary date of the grant.


(3)	Restricted share awards issued to associates that were former associates of BNC in connection with acquisition of BNC.


(4)	Reflects conversion of restricted share units issued in prior years to restricted share awards. The forfeiture restrictions on these restricted share awards lapse in separate equal installments should Pinnacle Financial achieve certain soundness targets over each year of the subsequent vesting period. See further details of these awards under the caption "Restricted Share Units" below.


(5)	Restricted share awards are issued to the outside members of the board of directors in accordance with their board compensation plan. Restrictions lapse on February 28, 2018 based on each individual board member meeting their attendance goals for the various board and board committee meetings to which each member was scheduled to attend.


(6)	These shares represent forfeitures resulting from recipients whose employment or board membership is terminated during the year-to-date period ended June 30, 2017 . Any dividends paid on shares for which the forfeiture restrictions do not lapse will be recouped by Pinnacle Financial at the time of termination.

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Restricted Share Units

The following table details the Restricted Share Unit awards outstanding at June 30, 2017 :



	Units Awarded
Grant year	Named Executive Officers (NEOs) ⁽¹⁾	Leadership Team other than NEOs	Applicable Performance Periods associated with each tranche (fiscal year)	Service period per tranche (in years)	Subsequent holding period per tranche (in years)	Shares settled into RSAs as of period end ⁽²⁾
2017	72,537-109,339	24,916	2017	2	3	N/A
			2018	2	2	N/A
			2019	2	1	N/A

2016	73,474-110,223	26,683	2016	2	3	N/A
			2017	2	2	N/A
			2018	2	1	N/A

2015	58,200-101,850	28,378	2015	2	3	N/A
			2016	2	2	N/A
			2017	2	1	N/A

2014 ⁽³⁾	58,404-102,209	29,087	2014	5	N/A	21,856
			2014	4	N/A	21,856
			2015	4	N/A	21,847
			2015	3	N/A	21,847
			2016	3	N/A	21,840
			2016	2	N/A	21,840


(1)	The named executive officers are awarded a range of awards that may be earned based on attainment of goals between a target level of performance and a maximum level of performance.


(2)	Restricted share unit awards granted in 2017, 2016 and 2015 will be earned if certain performance targets are achieved and thereafter will be settled in shares of Pinnacle Financial common stock, for which additional forfeiture restrictions may lapse based on Pinnacle Financial's performance in future periods.


(3)	Restrictions on half of the shares previously converted to RSAs will lapse commensurate with the filing of the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Stock compensation expense related to restricted share awards and restricted share units for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was $5.2 million and $8.6 million , respectively, compared to $2.6 million and $5.2 million , respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. Included in the above three and six months ended June 30, 2017 stock compensation expense was $1.5 million of stock-based compensation expense incurred as a result of change-in-control provisions applicable to assumed equity-based awards that was recorded as merger related expense.

Note 9. Derivative Instruments

Financial derivatives are reported at fair value in other assets or other liabilities. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship. For derivatives not designated as hedges, the gain or loss is recognized in current period earnings.

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Non-hedge derivatives

Pinnacle Financial enters into interest rate swaps (swaps) to facilitate customer transactions and meet their financing needs. Upon entering into these instruments to meet customer needs, Pinnacle Financial enters into offsetting positions in order to minimize the risk to Pinnacle Financial. These swaps are derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments. A summary of Pinnacle Financial's interest rate swaps related to customers as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is included in the following table (in thousands):



	June 30, 2017					December 31, 2016
	Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value			Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Interest rate swap agreements:
Pay fixed / receive variable swaps	$	690,874	$	16,218		$	666,572	$	16,004
Pay variable / receive fixed swaps	690,874		(16,339		)	666,572		(16,138		)
Total	$	1,381,748	$	(121	)	$	1,333,144	$	(134	)

Hedge derivatives

Pinnacle Financial uses forward cash flow hedge relationships in an effort to manage future interest rate exposure. The hedging strategy converts the LIBOR-based variable interest rate on forecasted borrowings to a fixed interest rate and is used in an effort to protect Pinnacle Financial from floating interest rate variability. A summary of Pinnacle Financial's cash flow hedge relationships as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands):



							June 30, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Forecasted Notional Amount		Receive Rate	Pay Rate		Term ⁽¹⁾	Asset/ (Liabilities)			Unrealized Loss in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Asset/ (Liabilities)			Unrealized Loss in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Interest Rate Swap	$	33,000	3 month LIBOR	2.265	%	April 2016-April 2020	$	(617	)	$	(375	)	$	(727	)	$	(442	)
Interest Rate Swap	33,000		3 month LIBOR	2.646	%	April 2016-April 2022	(1,286		)	(782		)	(1,304		)	(792		)
Interest Rate Swap	33,000		3 month LIBOR	2.523	%	Oct. 2016-Oct. 2020	(970		)	(589		)	(1,081		)	(657		)
Interest Rate Swap	33,000		3 month LIBOR	2.992	%	Oct. 2017-Oct. 2021	(1,412		)	(858		)	(1,200		)	(729		)
Interest Rate Swap	34,000		3 month LIBOR	3.118	%	April 2018-July 2022	(1,485		)	(902		)	(1,222		)	(743		)
Interest Rate Swap	34,000		3 month LIBOR	3.158	%	July 2018- Oct. 2022	(1,452		)	(882		)	(1,198		)	(728		)
	$	200,000					$	(7,222	)	$	(4,388	)	$	(6,732	)	$	(4,091	)


⁽¹⁾	No cash will be exchanged prior to the beginning of the term.

Pinnacle Financial has interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges intended to protect against the variability of cash flows on selected LIBOR-based loans. The swaps hedge the interest rate risk, wherein Pinnacle Financial receives a fixed rate of interest from a counterparty and pays a variable rate, based on one month LIBOR. The swaps were entered into with a counterparty that met Pinnacle Financial's credit standards and the agreements contain collateral provisions protecting the at-risk party. The following outlines the interest rate swap agreements in place at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

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							June 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Forecasted Notional Amount		Receive Rate		Pay Rate	Term	Asset/ (Liabilities)		Unrealized Gain in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Asset/ (Liabilities)			Unrealized Gain (Loss) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Interest Rate Swap ⁽¹⁾	$	27,500	2.090	%	1 month LIBOR	July 2014 - July 2021	$	—	$	—	$	395		$	240
Interest Rate Swap ⁽¹⁾	25,000		2.270	%	1 month LIBOR	July 2014 - July 2022	—		—		610			371
Interest Rate Swap ⁽¹⁾	27,500		2.420	%	1 month LIBOR	July 2014 - July 2023	—		—		874			531
Interest Rate Swap ⁽¹⁾	30,000		2.500	%	1 month LIBOR	July 2014 - July 2024	—		—		900			547
Interest Rate Swap ⁽¹⁾	15,000		1.470	%	1 month LIBOR	Aug. 2015-Aug. 2020	—		—		(75		)	(46		)
	$	125,000					$	—	$	—	$	2,704		$	1,643


⁽¹⁾	Each of these swaps were terminated via cash settlement in the second quarter of 2017. As a result of terminating these contracts in the second quarter of 2017, Pinnacle Financial began recognizing a gain of $3.1 million over the original terms of these agreements.

The cash flow hedges were determined to be fully effective during the periods presented. Therefore, no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in net income. The aggregate fair value of the swaps is recorded in other assets or other liabilities with changes in fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax. If a hedge was deemed to be ineffective, the amount included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income would be reclassified into a line item within the statement of income that impacts operating results. The hedge would no longer be considered effective if a portion of the hedge becomes ineffective, the item hedged is no longer in existence or Pinnacle Financial discontinues hedge accounting. Pinnacle Financial expects the hedges to remain fully effective during the remaining terms of the swaps. Pinnacle Financial does not expect any amounts to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to these swaps over the next twelve months.

Note 10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures , which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in U.S. GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The definition of fair value focuses on the exit price, i.e., the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, not the entry price, i.e., the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to assume the liability at the measurement date. The statement emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement; not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, the fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

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Valuation Hierarchy

FASB ASC 820 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:


o	Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.


o	Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.


o	Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Assets

Securities available-for-sale – Where quoted prices are available for identical securities in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities include highly liquid government securities and certain other financial products. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models that use observable inputs or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics and are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation and more complex pricing models or discounted cash flows are used, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Other investments – Included in other assets are other investments recorded at fair value primarily in certain nonpublic private equity funds. The valuation of nonpublic private equity investments requires management judgment due to the absence of observable quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such assets. These investments are valued initially based upon transaction price. The carrying values of other investments are adjusted either upwards or downwards from the transaction price to reflect expected exit values as evidenced by financing and sale transactions with third parties, or when determination of a valuation adjustment is confirmed through ongoing reviews by senior investment managers. A variety of factors are reviewed and monitored to assess positive and negative changes in valuation including, but not limited to, current operating performance and future expectations of the particular investment, industry valuations of comparable public companies and changes in market outlook and the third-party financing environment over time. In determining valuation adjustments resulting from the investment review process, emphasis is placed on current company performance and market conditions. These investments are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy as these funds are not widely traded and the underlying investments of such funds are often privately-held and/or start-up companies for which market values are not readily available.

Other assets – Included in other assets are certain assets carried at fair value, including interest rate swap agreements, the cash flow hedge and interest rate locks associated with the mortgage loan pipeline. The carrying amount of interest rate swap agreements is based on Pinnacle Financial's pricing models that utilize observable market inputs. The fair value of the cash flow hedge is determined by calculating the difference between the discounted fixed rate cash flows and the discounted variable rate cash flows. The fair value of the mortgage loan pipeline is based upon the projected sales price of the underlying loans, taking into account market interest rates and other market factors at the measurement date, net of the projected fallout rate. Pinnacle Financial reflects these assets within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy as these assets are valued using similar transactions that occur in the market.

Nonaccrual loans – A loan is classified as nonaccrual when it is probable Pinnacle Financial will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Nonaccrual loans are measured based on the present value of expected payments using the loan's original effective rate as the discount rate, the loan's observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent. If the recorded investment in the nonaccrual loan exceeds the measure of fair value, a valuation allowance may be established as a component of the allowance for loan losses or the difference may be recognized as a charge-off. Nonaccrual loans are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy due to the unobservable inputs used in determining their fair value such as collateral values and the borrower's underlying financial condition.

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Other real estate owned – Other real estate owned (OREO) represents real estate foreclosed upon by Pinnacle Bank through loan defaults by customers or acquired by deed in lieu of foreclosure. Substantially all of these amounts relate to lots, homes and development projects that are either completed or are in various stages of construction for which Pinnacle Financial believes it has adequate collateral. Upon foreclosure, the property is recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, based on appraised value, less selling costs estimated as of the date acquired with any loss recognized as a charge-off through the allowance for loan losses. Additional OREO losses for subsequent valuation downward adjustments are determined on a specific property basis and are included as a component of noninterest expense along with holding costs. Any gains or losses realized at the time of disposal are also reflected in noninterest expense, as applicable. OREO is included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy due to the lack of observable market inputs into the determination of fair value. Appraisal values are property-specific and sensitive to the changes in the overall economic environment.

Liabilities

Other liabilities – Pinnacle Financial has certain liabilities carried at fair value including certain interest rate swap agreements to facilitate customer transactions and the cash flow hedge and interest rate locks associated with the funding for its mortgage loan originations. The fair value of these liabilities is based on Pinnacle Financial's pricing models that utilize observable market inputs and is reflected within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

The following tables present financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , by caption on the consolidated balance sheets and by FASB ASC 820 valuation hierarchy (as described above) (in thousands:



June 30, 2017	Total carrying value in the consolidated balance sheet		Quoted market prices in an active market (Level 1)		Models with significant observable market parameters (Level 2)		Models with significant unobservable market parameters (Level 3)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury securities	$	251	$	—	$	251	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	61,900		—		61,900		—
Mortgage-backed securities	1,539,050		—		1,539,050		—
State and municipal securities	533,602		—		533,602		—
Agency-backed securities	190,220		—		190,220		—
Corporate notes and other	102,011		24,705		77,306		—
Total investment securities available-for-sale	$	2,427,034	$	24,705	$	2,402,329	$	—
Other investments	27,850		—		—		27,850
Other assets	12,601		—		12,601		—
Total assets at fair value	$	2,467,485	$	24,705	$	2,414,930	$	27,850

Other liabilities	$	16,190	$	—	$	16,190	$	—
Total liabilities at fair value	$	16,190	$	—	$	16,190	$	—

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December 31, 2016	Total carrying value in the consolidated balance sheet		Quoted market prices in an active market (Level 1)		Models with significant observable market parameters (Level 2)		Models with significant unobservable market parameters (Level 3)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury securities	$	250	$	—	$	250	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	21,769		—		21,769		—
Mortgage-backed securities	976,626		—		976,626		—
State and municipal securities	212,720		—		212,720		—
Agency-backed securities	78,580		—		78,580		—
Corporate notes and other	8,601		—		8,601		—
Total investment securities available-for-sale	1,298,546		—		1,298,546		—
Other investments	10,478		—		—		10,478
Other assets	13,340		—		13,340		—
Total assets at fair value	$	1,322,364	$	—	$	1,311,886	$	10,478

Other liabilities	$	15,758	$	—	$	15,758	$	—
Total liabilities at fair value	$	15,758	$	—	$	15,758	$	—

The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



June 30, 2017	Total carrying value in the consolidated balance sheet		Quoted market prices in an active market (Level 1)		Models with significant observable market parameters (Level 2)		Models with significant unobservable market parameters (Level 3)		Total losses for the year-to-date period then ended
Other real estate owned	$	24,806	$	—	$	—	$	24,806	$	(66	)
Nonaccrual loans, net ⁽¹⁾	38,811		—		—		38,811		(3,410		)
Total	$	63,617	$	—	$	—	$	63,617	$	(3,476	)

December 31, 2016
Other real estate owned	$	6,090	$	—	$	—	$	6,090	$	(135	)
Nonaccrual loans, net ⁽¹⁾	26,506		—		—		26,506		(7,173		)
Total	$	32,596	$	—	$	—	$	32,596	$	(7,308	)

⁽¹⁾ Amount is net of valuation allowance of $1.4 million and $1.1 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively, as required by ASC 310-10, "Receivables."

In the case of the investment securities portfolio, Pinnacle Financial monitors the portfolio to ascertain when transfers between levels have been affected. The nature of the remaining assets and liabilities is such that transfers in and out of any level are expected to be rare. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , there were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3.

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The table below includes a rollforward of the balance sheet amounts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 (including the change in fair value) for financial instruments classified by Pinnacle Financial within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy measured at fair value on a recurring basis including changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology (in thousands):



	For the For the three months ended June 30,										For the six months ended June 30,
	2017					2016					2017					2016
	Other assets			Other liabilities		Other assets			Other liabilities		Other assets			Other liabilities		Other assets			Other liabilities
Fair value, beginning of period	$	10,492		$	—	$	10,128		$	—	$	10,478		$	—	$	9,764		$	—
Total realized gains included in income	240			—		159			—		437			—		336			—
Changes in unrealized gains/losses included in other comprehensive income for assets and liabilities still held at June 30	—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—
Acquired	17,062			—		—			—		17,062			—		—			—
Purchases	649			—		246			—		769			—		571			—
Issuances	—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—
Settlements	(593		)	—		(152		)	—		(896		)	—		(290		)	—
Transfers out of Level 3	—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—
Fair value, end of period	$	27,850		—		10,381			$	—	$	27,850		$	—	$	10,381		$	—
Total realized gains included in income related to financial assets and liabilities still on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30	$	240		$	—	$	159		$	—	$	437		$	—	$	336		$	—

The following methods and assumptions were used by Pinnacle Financial in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments that are not measured at fair value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using discounted cash flow models. Those models are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rates, estimates of future cash flows and borrower creditworthiness. The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . Such amounts have not been revalued for purposes of these consolidated financial statements since those dates and, therefore, current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

Securities held-to-maturity - Estimated fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices where available. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models that use observable inputs or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics.

Loans, net - The fair value of our loan portfolio includes a credit risk factor in the determination of the fair value of our loans. This credit risk assumption is intended to approximate the fair value that a market participant would realize in a hypothetical orderly transaction. Our loan portfolio is initially fair valued using a segmented approach. We divide our loan portfolio into the following categories: variable rate loans, impaired loans and all other loans. The results are then adjusted to account for credit risk.

For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and have no significant change in credit risk, fair values approximate carrying values. Fair values for impaired loans are estimated using discounted cash flow models or based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. For other loans, fair values are estimated using discounted cash flow models, using current market interest rates offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. The values derived from the discounted cash flow approach for each of the above portfolios are then further discounted to incorporate credit risk to determine the exit price.

Mortgage loans held-for-sale - Mortgage loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The estimate of fair value is based on pricing models and other information.

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Deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances, subordinated debt and other borrowings - The fair value of demand deposits, savings deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are derived from a selection of market transactions reflecting our peer group. The carrying value of floating rate advances from the FHLB, floating rate subordinated debt and other borrowings, and floating rate loans approximate their fair values due to having no stated maturity. Fair values for certificates of deposit, fixed rate advances from the FHLB and fixed rate subordinated debt are estimated using discounted cash flow models, using current market interest rates offered on certificates, advances and other borrowings with similar remaining maturities. For fixed rate subordinated debt, the maturity is assumed to be as of the earliest date that the indebtedness will be repriced.

Off-balance sheet instruments - The fair values of Pinnacle Financial's off-balance-sheet financial instruments are based on fees charged to enter into similar agreements. However, commitments to extend credit do not represent a significant value to Pinnacle Financial until such commitments are funded.

The following table presents the carrying amounts, estimated fair value and placement in the fair value hierarchy of Pinnacle Financial's financial instruments at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . This table excludes financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value. For short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For financial liabilities such as non-interest bearing demand, interest-bearing demand, and savings deposits, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to these products having no stated maturity (in thousands):



(in thousands) June 30, 2017	Carrying/ Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value ⁽¹⁾		Quoted market prices in an active market (Level 1)		Models with significant observable market parameters (Level 2)		Models with significant unobservable market parameters (Level 3)
Financial assets:
Securities held-to-maturity	$	21,163	$	21,322	$	—	$	21,322	$	—
Loans, net	14,696,820		14,429,187		—		—		14,429,187
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	90,275		90,534		—		90,534		—
Loans held-for-sale	11,368		11,546		—		11,546		—

Financial liabilities:
Deposits and securities sold under
agreements to repurchase	15,962,483		15,483,609		—		—		15,483,609
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	725,230		725,312		—		—		725,312
Subordinated debt and other borrowings	465,419		445,683		—		—		445,683

Off-balance sheet instruments:
Commitments to extend credit ⁽²⁾	5,021,242		2,290		—		—		2,290
Standby letters of credit ⁽³⁾	135,819		774		—		—		774

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December 31, 2016	Carrying/ Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value (1)		Quoted market prices in an active market (Level 1)		Models with significant observable market parameters (Level 2)		Models with significant unobservable market parameters (Level 3)
Financial assets:
Securities held-to-maturity	$	25,251	$	25,233	$	—	$	25,233	$	—
Loans, net	8,390,944		8,178,982		—		—		8,178,982
Mortgage loans held for sale	70,298		70,480		—		70,480		—

Financial liabilities:
Deposits and securities sold under
agreements to repurchase	8,845,014		8,579,664		—		—		8,579,664
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	406,304		406,491		—		—		406,491
Subordinated debt and other borrowings	350,768		328,049		—		—		328,049

Off-balance sheet instruments:
Commitments to extend credit ⁽²⁾	3,374,269		383		—		—		383
Standby letters of credit ⁽³⁾	131,418		740		—		—		740


(1)	Estimated fair values are consistent with an exit-price concept. The assumptions used to estimate the fair values are intended to approximate those that a market-participant would realize in a hypothetical orderly transaction.

(2)

At the end of each quarter, Pinnacle Financial evaluates the inherent risks of the outstanding off-balance sheet commitments. In making this evaluation, Pinnacle Financial evaluates the credit worthiness of the borrower, the collateral supporting the commitments and any other factors similar to those used to evaluate the inherent risks of our loan portfolio. Additionally, Pinnacle Financial evaluates the probability that the outstanding commitment will eventually become a funded loan. As a result, at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , Pinnacle Financial included in other liabilities $2.3 million and $383,000 , respectively, representing the inherent risks associated with these off-balance sheet commitments.

(3)

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the fair value of Pinnacle Financial's standby letters of credit was $774,000 and $740,000 , respectively. This amount represents the unamortized fee associated with these standby letters of credit and is included in the consolidated balance sheet of Pinnacle Financial and is believed to approximate fair value. This fair value will decrease over time as the existing standby letters of credit approach their expiration dates.

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Note 11. Regulatory Matters

Pursuant to Tennessee banking law, Pinnacle Bank may not, without the prior consent of the Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions (TDFI), pay any dividends to Pinnacle Financial in a calendar year in excess of the total of Pinnacle Bank's retained net income for that year plus the retained net income for the preceding two years. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 , Pinnacle Bank paid $15.7 million in dividends to Pinnacle Financial. Since the first quarter of 2016, Pinnacle Financial has paid a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.14 per share. The amount and timing of all future dividend payments by Pinnacle Financial, if any, is subject to discretion of Pinnacle Financial's board of directors and will depend on Pinnacle Financial's earnings, capital position, financial condition and other factors, including then applicable regulatory capital requirements, as they become known to Pinnacle Financial.

Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary actions, by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Pinnacle Financial's and Pinnacle Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require Pinnacle Financial and its banking subsidiary to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, Tier I capital to risk-weighted assets, total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average assets.

The final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capital guidelines for U.S. banks (Basel III rules) became effective for Pinnacle Financial on January 1, 2015 with full compliance with all of the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule, and fully phased in by January 1, 2019. The minimum capital level requirements applicable to bank holding companies and banks subject to the rules are: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% ; (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6% ; (iii) a total risk-based capital ratio of 8% ; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4% for all institutions. The Basel III rules, also establish a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% (to be phased in over three years) above the regulatory minimum risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer was phased in beginning in January 2016 at 0.625% and is scheduled to increase each year by a like percentage until fully implemented in January 2019. The net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities is not included in computing regulatory capital. Management believes, as of June 30, 2017 , that Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. To be categorized as well-capitalized under applicable banking regulations, Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, common equity Tier 1 and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table and not be subject to a written agreement, order or directive to maintain a higher capital level. Pinnacle Financial's and Pinnacle Bank's actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table (in thousands):



	Actual				Minimum Capital Requirement				Minimum To Be Well-Capitalized
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
At June 30, 2017
Total capital to risk weighted assets:
Pinnacle Financial	$	2,180,808	12.6	%	$	1,382,821	8.0	%	NA		NA
Pinnacle Bank	$	2,081,349	12.1	%	$	1,378,433	8.0	%	$	1,723,041	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets:
Pinnacle Financial	$	1,645,173	9.5	%	$	1,037,116	6.0	%	NA		NA
Pinnacle Bank	$	1,888,732	11.0	%	$	1,033,825	6.0	%	$	1,378,433	8.0	%
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Pinnacle Financial	$	1,645,051	9.5	%	$	777,837	4.5	%	NA		NA
Pinnacle Bank	$	1,888,610	11.0	%	$	775,368	4.5	%	$	1,119,977	6.5	%
Tier 1 capital to average assets (*):
Pinnacle Financial	$	1,645,173	14.5	%	$	454,114	4.0	%	NA		NA
Pinnacle Bank	$	1,888,732	16.7	%	$	453,095	4.0	%	$	566,368	5.0	%

(*) Average assets for the above calculations were based on the most recent quarter.

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Note 12. Subordinated Debt and Other borrowings

Pinnacle Financial has twelve wholly-owned subsidiaries that are statutory business trusts created for the exclusive purpose of issuing 30 -year capital trust preferred securities. Additionally, Pinnacle Financial has entered into certain other subordinated debt agreements and a revolving credit facility as outlined below and fully described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K (in thousands):



Name	Date Established	Maturity	Total Debt Outstanding			Interest Rate at June 30, 2017		Coupon Structure
Trust preferred securities
Pinnacle Statutory Trust I	December 29, 2003	December 30, 2033	$	10,310		3.95	%	30-day LIBOR + 2.80%
Pinnacle Statutory Trust II	September 15, 2005	September 30, 2035	20,619			2.70	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.40%
Pinnacle Statutory Trust III	September 7, 2006	September 30, 2036	20,619			2.95	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.65%
Pinnacle Statutory Trust IV	October 31, 2007	September 30, 2037	30,928			4.10	%	30-day LIBOR + 2.85%
BNC Capital Trust I	April 3, 2003	April 15, 2033	5,155			4.41	%	30-day LIBOR + 3.25%
BNC Capital Trust II	March 11, 2004	April 7, 2034	6,186			4.01	%	30-day LIBOR + 2.85%
BNC Capital Trust III	September 23, 2004	September 23, 2034	5,155			3.56	%	30-day LIBOR + 2.40%
BNC Capital Trust IV	September 27, 2006	December 31, 2036	7,217			3.00	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.70%
Valley Financial Trust I	August 5, 2005	September 30, 2035	4,124			4.25	%	30-day LIBOR + 3.10%
Valley Financial Trust II	June 6, 2003	June 26, 2033	7,217			2.62	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.49%
Valley Financial Trust III	September 26, 2005	December 15, 2035	5,155			2.90	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.73%
Southcoast Capital Trust III	December 15, 2006	January 30, 2037	10,310			2.80	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.50%

Subordinated Debt
Pinnacle Bank Subordinated Notes	July 30, 2015	July 30, 2025	60,000			4.88	%	Fixed ⁽¹⁾
Pinnacle Bank Subordinated Notes	March 10, 2016	July 30, 2025	70,000			4.88	%	Fixed ⁽¹⁾
Avenue Subordinated Notes	December 29, 2014	December 29, 2024	20,000			6.75	%	Fixed ⁽²⁾
Pinnacle Financial Subordinated Notes	November 16, 2016	November 16, 2026	120,000			5.25	%	Fixed ⁽³⁾
BNC Subordinated Notes	September 25, 2014	October 1, 2024	60,000			5.50	%	Fixed
BNC Subordinated Notes	October 15, 2013	October 15, 2023	10,560			6.04	%	30-day LIBOR + 5.00% ⁽⁴⁾

Other Borrowings
Revolving credit facility ⁽⁵⁾	March 29, 2016	March 27, 2018	—			—

Debt issuance costs and fair value adjustments			(8,136		)
Total subordinated debt and other borrowings			$	465,419

______________________

(1) Migrates to three month LIBOR + 3.128% beginning July 30, 2020 through the end of the term.

(2) Migrates to three month LIBOR + 4.95% beginning January 1, 2020 through the end of the term.

(3) Migrates to three month LIBOR + 3.884% beginning November 16, 2021 through the end of the term.

(4) Coupon structure includes a floor of 5.5% and a cap of 9.5%

(5) Borrowing capacity on the revolving credit facility is $75.0 million . At June 30, 2017 , there was no outstanding balance under this facility.

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Included in the table above, Pinnacle Financial assumed BNC's obligations under its outstanding $60.0 million principal amount of subordinated notes issued in September 2014 that mature in October 2024. These notes bear interest at a rate of 5.5% per annum until September 30, 2019 and may not be repaid prior to that date. Beginning on October 1, 2019, if not redeemed on that date, these notes will bear interest at a floating rate equal to the three -month LIBOR determined on the determination date of the applicable interest period plus 359 basis points. Pinnacle Financial also assumed BNC's obligations under its outstanding subordinated notes with a principal balance of $10.6 million as of December 31, 2016 . These notes bear interest at a variable rate of 30 -day LIBOR plus 5.00% per annum, with a floor of 5.50% and a cap of 9.50% , and have a maturity date of October 15, 2023. The interest rate for these subordinated notes was 5.61% at December 31, 2016 . The $50.5 million in aggregate principal amount of subordinated debentures issued by trust affiliates of BNC in connection with the issuance of trust preferred securities was also assumed in connection with Pinnacle Financial's merger with BNC.

Upon consummation of the merger with BNC, Pinnacle Financial's total assets were in excess of $15.0 billion , as a result of a merger which caused the subordinated debentures Pinnacle Financial and BNC have issued in connection with prior trust preferred securities offerings to cease to qualify as Tier 1 capital under applicable banking regulations. Though these securities no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital from and after the closing of the merger, Pinnacle Financial believes these subordinated debentures continue to qualify as Tier 2 capital.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a discussion of our financial condition at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. The purpose of this discussion is to focus on information about our financial condition and results of operations which is not otherwise apparent from our consolidated financial statements. The following discussion and analysis should be read along with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere herein.

Overview

Our diluted net income per common share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was $0.80 and $1.62 compared to $0.73 and $1.42 for the same periods in 2016. At June 30, 2017 , loans had increased to $ 14.76 billion , as compared to $ 8.45 billion at December 31, 2016, and total deposits increased to $ 15.76 billion at June 30, 2017 from $ 8.76 billion at December 31, 2016. The comparability of our financial condition and performance has been impacted by the July 1, 2016 acquisition of Avenue Financial Holdings, Inc. (Avenue) and the June 16, 2017 acquisition of BNC Bancorp (BNC).

Acquisitions. We acquired a 30% membership interest in Bankers Healthcare Group, LLC (BHG) on February 1, 2015 for $75.0 million in cash and acquired an additional 19% membership interest in BHG on March 1, 2016 for $74.1 million in cash and 860,470 shares of Pinnacle Financial common stock, with a fair value of $39.9 million on the date of the acquisition. We acquired CapitalMark Bank and Trust (CapitalMark) on July 31, 2015 and Magna Bank (Magna) on September 1, 2015.

We acquired Avenue and its bank subsidiary Avenue Bank on July 1, 2016. At the acquisition date, Avenue had net assets valued at $81.7 million, including loans of $952.5 million and deposits valued at $966.7 million. The Avenue acquisition further expanded our franchise into our Tennessee market. We acquired BNC on June 16, 2017. At acquisition date, BNC's net assets were preliminarily fair valued at $609.1 million, including loans valued at $5.61 billion and deposits valued at $6.21 billion. This acquisition expanded our footprint into the Carolinas and Virginia.

Our merger with BNC was consummated on June 16, 2017. Each holder of BNC common stock (including restricted shares) received 0.5235 shares of Pinnacle Financial's common stock for each share of BNC common stock held by each shareholder on the closing date. We issued 27,687,100 shares of common stock and paid cash consideration of approximately $129,000 , related to fractional shares, to the BNC shareholders. We also assumed 136,890 shares of unvested restricted stock that will continue to vest over their original contractual terms. The fair value of these awards was $9.2 million, with $5.4 million attributable to precombination services provided by the recipients prior to the merger, that accordingly was included as merger consideration. We believe our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 were positively impacted by the results of our BNC franchise subsequent to the closing of the merger.

Results of Operations. Our net interest income increased to $106.6 million and $195.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to $75.0 million and $148.9 million for the same periods in the prior year, representing increases of $31.6 million and $46.4 million, respectively. The net interest margin (the ratio of net interest income to average earning assets) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was 3.68% and 3.64% , respectively, compared to 3.72% and 3.75% , respectively, for the same periods in 2016.

Our provision for loan losses was $6.8 million and $10.5 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $5.3 million and $9.2 million for the same periods in 2016. Net charge-offs were $3.2 million and $7.5 million , respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , compared to $6.1 million and $13.2 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2016. Provision expense for both periods was negatively impacted by charge-offs realized in our consumer portfolio, primarily related to non-prime automobile loans.

Our allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans decreased from 0.70% at December 31, 2016 to 0.42% at June 30, 2017 . The decrease in the allowance as a percentage of loans is attributable to the acquired BNC loan portfolio being accounted for at its fair value as of the merger date. For the BNC loan portfolio, a preliminary fair value discount of $175.5 million was determined as of the acquisition date. At June 30, 2017, the remaining fair value discount for all acquired portfolios (inclusive of BNC) was $197.1 million. The overall methodology used to estimate the allowance for loan losses is consistent with the quarter ended December 31, 2016. For purchased loans (including those acquired in connection with our mergers), the allowance for loan losses subsequent to the acquisition date is consistent with that utilized for legacy Pinnacle Financial loans. Our accounting policy is to compare the computed allowance for loan losses on purchased loans to the remaining fair value adjustment at the individual loan level. If the computed allowance is greater than the remaining fair value adjustment, the excess is added to the allowance for loan losses by a provision for loan losses.

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Additional provisioning for purchased portfolios results from credit deterioration on the individual loan or from increased borrowings on loans and lines that existed as of the acquisition date.

Noninterest income increased by $ 2.3 million and $ 6.9 million, respectively, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , compared to the same periods in 2016. Income from equity method investment was $8.8 million and $16.6 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $9.6 million and $14.8 million for the same periods in the prior year. The six months ended June 30, 2017 , included six months of earnings from BHG at a 49% ownership level compared to two months of earnings from BHG at a 30% ownership level and four months of earnings at the 49% ownership level for the six months ended June 30, 2016. Gains on mortgage loans sold increased $ 446,000 and $1.0 million over the three and six month periods in the prior year due to continued strength in the local housing economy and continued favorable refinancing market conditions. The additional growth within noninterest income was attributable to increased interchange revenues as well as increased production in our fee-based products such as investments, insurance and trust.

Noninterest expense increased by $ 15.9 million and $ 23.9 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , as compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 , and reflects the impact of our July 1, 2016 acquisition of Avenue and June 16, 2017 acquisition of BNC, resulting in increased salaries and employment benefits, intangible amortization and merger-related charges. Our associate base has expanded from 1,061.0 full-time equivalent associates at June 30, 2016 to 2,222.5 full-time equivalent associates at June 30, 2017 , due to both opportunistic hires and our acquisition of Avenue and BNC. At June 30, 2017, approximately 1,000 full-time equivalent associates were deployed in the former BNC footprint.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , Pinnacle Financial recorded income tax expense of $20.0 million and $33.8 million, respectively, compared to $15.8 million and $29.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 . Pinnacle Financial's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was 31.7% and 29.0% , respectively, compared to 33.9% and 33.5% , respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. Pinnacle Financial's effective tax rate differs from the combined federal and state income tax statutory rate primarily due to our investments in bank-qualified municipal securities, tax benefits from our real estate investment trust subsidiary, participation in Tennessee's Community Investment Tax Credit (CITC) program, tax benefits associated with bank-owned life insurance and tax savings from our captive insurance subsidiary, offset in part by the limitation on deductibility of meals and entertainment expense and certain merger-related expenses. We also recorded tax benefits associated with our equity-based compensation program pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2016-09 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , resulting in the recognition of $789 ,000 and $4.6 million, respectively, of tax benefits. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, these tax benefits were recorded in the statement of stockholders' equity directly to additional paid-in-capital.

Our efficiency ratio (the ratio of noninterest expense to the sum of net interest income and noninterest income) was 50.7% and 51.3% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , compared to 51.9% and 53.0% for the same periods in 2016. Net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was $43.1 million and $82.7 million, respectively, compared to $30.8 million and $58.8 million for the same periods in 2016.

Financial Condition. Reflecting a combination of organic growth and our acquisition of BNC, net loans increased $ 6.31 billion , or 75.2%, during the six months ended June 30, 2017 , when compared to December 31, 2016. Similarly, total deposits were $15.76 billion at June 30, 2017 , compared to $8.76 billion at December 31, 2016, an increase of $ 7.00 billion . At June 30, 2017 , our capital ratios, including our bank's capital ratios, exceeded those levels necessary to be considered well-capitalized under applicable regulatory guidelines. See Note 11 in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

From time to time we may be required to support the capital needs of our bank (Pinnacle Bank). At June 30, 2017 , we had approximately $39.2 million of cash at the holding company substantially all of which could be used to support our bank. We have established a line of credit with another bank that can be utilized to provide up to $75 million of additional capital support to Pinnacle Bank, if needed.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The accounting principles we follow and our methods of applying these principles conform with U.S. GAAP and with general practices within the banking industry. There have been no significant changes to our Critical Accounting Policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

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Results of Operations

The following is a summary of our results of operations (dollars in thousands, except per share data):



	Three months ended June 30,				2017 - 2016 Percent		Six months ended June 30,				2017 - 2016 Percent
	2017		2016		Increase (Decrease)		2017		2016		Increase (Decrease)
Interest income	$	123,743	$	83,762	47.7	%	$	225,886	$	164,736	37.1	%
Interest expense	17,116		8,718		96.3	%	30,492		15,790		93.1	%
Net interest income	106,627		75,044		42.1	%	195,394		148,946		31.2	%
Provision for loan losses	6,812		5,280		29.0	%	10,463		9,174		14.1	%
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	99,815		69,764		43.1	%	184,931		139,772		32.3	%
Noninterest income	35,057		32,713		7.2	%	65,438		58,569		11.7	%
Noninterest expense	71,798		55,931		28.4	%	133,851		109,994		21.7	%
Net income before income taxes	63,074		46,546		35.5	%	116,518		88,347		31.9	%
Income tax expense	19,988		15,759		26.8	%	33,779		29,594		14.1	%
Net income	$	43,086	$	30,787	39.9	%	$	82,739	$	58,753	40.8	%

Basic net income per common share	$	0.81	$	0.75	8.0	%	$	1.64	$	1.44	13.9	%

Diluted net income per common share	$	0.80	$	0.73	9.6	%	$	1.62	$	1.42	14.1	%

Net Interest Income. Net interest income represents the amount by which interest earned on various earning assets exceeds interest paid on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities and is the most significant component of our revenues. Net interest income totaled $106.6 million and $195.4 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 31.6 million and $ 46.4 million from the levels recorded in the same periods of 2016. We were able to increase net interest income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016 due primarily to our focus on growing our loan portfolio both organically and by acquisition. Average loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 were 40.3% and 33.8% greater than average balances for the same periods in 2016.

The following tables set forth the amount of our average balances, interest income or interest expense for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the average interest rate for interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, net interest spread and net interest margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):

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	Three months ended June 30, 2017						Three months ended June 30, 2016
	Average Balances		Interest		Rates/ Yields		Average Balances		Interest		Rates/ Yields
Interest-earning assets :
Loans ⁽¹⁾	$	9,817,139	$	112,320	4.66	%	$	6,997,592	$	77,043	4.53	%
Securities:
Taxable	1,487,806		8,265		2.23	%	880,976		4,572		2.09	%
Tax-exempt ⁽²⁾	310,528		2,236		3.87	%	183,084		1,443		4.25	%
Federal funds sold and other	269,645		922		1.37	%	301,005		704		0.94	%
Total interest-earning assets	11,885,118		$	123,743	4.21	%	8,362,657		$	83,762	4.06	%
Nonearning assets
Intangible assets	784,603						440,504
Other nonearning assets	665,638						502,780
Total assets	$	13,335,359					$	9,305,941

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest checking	$	2,035,607	$	2,527	0.50	%	$	1,352,898	$	904	0.27	%
Savings and money market	4,470,577		5,997		0.54	%	3,085,734		3,019		0.39	%
Time	1,141,584		2,470		0.87	%	651,194		1,151		0.71	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	7,647,768		10,994		0.58	%	5,089,826		5,074		0.40	%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	99,763		78		0.32	%	65,121		40		0.24	%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	399,083		1,485		1.49	%	653,750		1,256		0.77	%
Subordinated debt and other borrowings	375,249		4,559		4.87	%	225,240		2,348		4.19	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	8,521,863		17,116		0.81	%	6,033,937		8,718		0.58	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits	2,746,499		—		—		2,003,523		—		—
Total deposits and interest-bearing liabilities	11,268,362		$	17,116	0.61	%	8,037,460		$	8,718	0.44	%
Other liabilities	9,492						20,719
Stockholders' equity	2,057,505						1,247,762
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	13,335,359					$	9,305,941
Net interest income			$	106,627					$	75,044
Net interest spread ⁽³⁾					3.40	%					3.48	%
Net interest margin ⁽⁴⁾					3.68	%					3.72	%

(1) Average balances of nonaccrual loans are included in the above amounts.

(2) Yields based on the carrying value of those tax exempt instruments are shown on a fully tax equivalent basis.

(3) Yields realized on interest-bearing assets less the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest spread calculation excludes the impact of demand deposits. Had the impact of demand deposits been included, the net interest spread for the three months ended June 30, 2017 would have been 3.60% compared to a net interest spread of 3.62% for the three months ended June 30, 2016.

(4) Net interest margin is the result of annualized net interest income calculated on a tax-equivalent basis divided by average interest-earning assets for the period.

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	Six months ended June 30, 2017						Six months ended June 30, 2016
	Average Balances		Interest		Rates/ Yields		Average Balances		Interest		Rates/ Yields
Interest-earning assets :
Loans ⁽¹⁾	$	9,191,181	$	205,538	4.58	%	$	6,869,823	$	151,447	4.51	%
Securities:
Taxable	1,346,093		14,698		2.20	%	845,945		9,039		2.15	%
Tax-exempt ⁽²⁾	274,519		3,913		3.85	%	182,923		2,937		4.33	%
Federal funds sold and other	266,533		1,737		1.31	%	291,782		1,313		0.91	%
Total interest-earning assets	11,078,326		$	225,886	4.14	%	8,190,473		$	164,736	4.08	%
Nonearning assets
Intangible assets	676,015						440,485
Other nonearning assets	629,450						447,996
Total assets	$	12,383,791					$	9,078,954

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest checking	$	1,977,291	$	4,406	0.45	%	$	1,378,931	$	1,835	0.27	%
Savings and money market	4,187,024		10,450		0.50	%	3,041,660		5,972		0.39	%
Time	994,583		4,257		0.86	%	662,788		2,182		0.66	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	7,158,898		19,113		0.54	%	5,083,379		9,989		0.40	%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	89,777		128		0.29	%	67,125		88		0.26	%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	306,531		2,389		1.57	%	518,440		1,792		0.70	%
Subordinated debt and other borrowings	371,222		8,862		4.81	%	193,904		3,921		4.07	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	7,926,428		30,492		0.78	%	5,862,848		15,790		0.54	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits	2,591,548		—		—		1,981,803		—		—
Total deposits and interest-bearing liabilities	10,517,976		$	30,492	0.58	%	7,844,651		$	15,790	0.40	%
Other liabilities	7,419						16,346
Stockholders' equity	1,858,396						1,217,957
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	12,383,791					$	9,078,954
Net interest income			$	195,394					$	148,946
Net interest spread ⁽³⁾					3.37	%					3.53	%
Net interest margin ⁽⁴⁾					3.64	%					3.75	%

(1) Average balances of nonaccrual loans are included in the above amounts.

(2) Yields based on the carrying value of those tax exempt instruments are shown on a fully tax equivalent basis.

(3) Yields realized on interest-bearing assets less the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest spread calculation excludes the impact of demand deposits. Had the impact of demand deposits been included, the net interest spread for the six months ended June 30, 2017 would have been 3.56% compared to a net interest spread of 3.67% for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

(4) Net interest margin is the result of annualized net interest income calculated on a tax-equivalent basis divided by average interest-earning assets for the period.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , our net interest margin was 3.68% and 3.64%, respectively, compared to 3.72% and 3.75% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.

Although our net interest margin was impacted by earning asset yields, our total funding cost increased by a larger amount. The expansion of our earning asset yields was driven in part by the impact of recent Federal funds rate increases, which positively impacted our floating and variable rate loan and investment portfolios. With our acquisition of BNC, our interest earning assets and liabilities increased significantly as well as the associated interest income and expense amounts, and with the application of fair value accounting to BNC's accounts, we anticipate our net interest margin will likely increase over the next several quarters. However, we may also elect to increase our level of on-balance sheet liquidity, which could negatively impact our net interest margin but potentially increase net interest income.

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We continue to believe our net interest income should increase throughout the remainder of 2017 compared to 2016 due to an increase in average earning asset volumes, including the earning assets we acquired in connection with the BNC transaction. We anticipate funding these increased earning assets by growing our core deposits, and utilizing limited wholesale funding to fund any shortfall, if any, resulting from loan growth outpacing deposit growth.

Provision for Loan Losses. The provision for loan losses represents a charge to earnings necessary to establish an allowance for loan losses that, in management's evaluation, should be adequate to provide coverage for the inherent losses on outstanding loans. Based upon management's assessment of the loan portfolio, we adjust our allowance for loan losses to an amount deemed appropriate to adequately cover probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Our allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans decreased from 0.70% at December 31, 2016 to 0.42% at June 30, 2017 , largely driven by the acquired BNC loan portfolio which was recorded at fair value at the acquisition date.

The provision for loan losses amounted to $6.8 million and $10.5 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $5.3 million and $9.2 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 . Provision expense is impacted by the absolute level of loans, loan growth, the credit quality of the loan portfolio and the amount of net charge-offs. Provision expense in the most recent period was negatively impacted by charge-offs realized in our consumer portfolio, primarily related to non-prime automobile loans.

Noninterest Income. Our noninterest income is composed of several components, some of which vary significantly between quarterly and annual periods. Service charges on deposit accounts and other noninterest income generally reflect customer growth trends, while fees from our wealth management departments, the origination of mortgage loans, income from our equity method investment and gains and losses on the sale of securities will often reflect financial market conditions and fluctuate from period to period.

The following is a summary of our noninterest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):



	Three months ended June 30,				2017 - 2016 Percent	Six months ended June 30,				2017 - 2016 Percent
	2017		2016		Increase (Decrease)	2017		2016		Increase (Decrease)
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	4,179	$	3,430	21.8%	$	8,034	$	6,873	16.9%
Investment services	3,110		2,500		24.4%	5,932		4,845		22.4%
Insurance sales commissions	1,461		1,193		22.5%	3,320		2,899		14.5%
Gains on mortgage loans sold, net	4,668		4,221		10.6%	8,822		7,789		13.3%
Gain on sale of investment securities, net	—		—		NA	—		—		NA
Income from equity method investment	8,755		9,644		(9.2)%	16,578		14,792		12.1%
Trust fees	1,677		1,492		12.4%	3,382		3,073		10.1%
Other noninterest income:
Interchange and other consumer fees	7,558		5,768		31.0%	13,709		11,587		18.3%
Bank-owned life insurance	1,395		878		58.9%	2,494		1,641		52.0%
Loan swap fees	336		1,780		(81.1)%	597		2,511		(76.2)%
Other noninterest income	1,918		1,807		6.1%	2,570		2,559		0.4%
Total other noninterest income	11,207		10,233		9.5%	19,370		18,298		5.9%
Total noninterest income	$	35,057	$	32,713	7.2%	$	65,438	$	58,569	11.7%

The increase in service charges on deposit accounts in the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 is primarily related to increased analysis fees due to an increase in the volume and number of commercial checking accounts.

Income from our wealth management groups (investments, insurance and trust) is also included in noninterest income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , commissions and fees from investment services at our financial advisory unit, Pinnacle Asset Management, a division of Pinnacle Bank, increased by $ 610,000 and $ 1.1 million as compared to the three and six months ended

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June 30, 2016. At June 30, 2017 and 2016, Pinnacle Asset Management was receiving commissions and fees in connection with approximately $2.8 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, in brokerage assets. Revenues from the sale of insurance products by our insurance subsidiaries for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 were up approximately $ 268,000 and $ 421,000 when compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. Included in insurance revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was $613,000 of contingent income received based on 2016 sales production and improved claims experience compared to $474,000 recorded in the same period in the prior year. Additionally, at June 30, 2017 , our trust department was receiving fees on approximately $1.8 billion of managed assets compared to $1.0 billion at June 30, 2016, reflecting, among other things the $488.2 million in assets we added with the BNC merger. The growth in our wealth management businesses is attributable to our expanded associate base and distribution platform in our new markets.

Gains on mortgage loans sold, net, consists of fees from the origination and sale of mortgage loans. These mortgage fees are for loans originated in our current markets that are subsequently sold to third-party investors. Substantially all of these loan sales transfer servicing rights to the buyer. Generally, mortgage origination fees increase in lower interest rate environments and more robust housing markets and decrease in rising interest rate environments and more challenging housing markets. Mortgage origination fees will fluctuate from quarter to quarter as the rate environment changes. Gains on mortgage loans sold, net, were $4.7 million and $8.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to $4.2 million and $7.8 million for the same periods in the prior year.

Income from equity-method investment is comprised of income from our 49% equity-method investment in BHG. We acquired a 30% investment during the first quarter of 2015 and subsequently increased our investment to 49% in the first quarter of 2016. Income from this equity-method investment was $8.8 million and $16.6 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $9.6 million and $14.8 million for the same periods last year. Income from equity-method investment is recorded net of associated expenses, including amortization expense associated with customer lists and other intangible assets of $832,000 and $1.7 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $575,000 and $953,000 , respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. At June 30, 2017 , there were $15.1 million of these intangible assets which will be amortized in lesser amounts over the next 18 years. Also included in income from equity-method investment, is accretion income associated with the fair valuation of certain of BHG's liabilities of $767,000 and $1.6 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , compared to $303,000 and $1.2 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. At June 30, 2017 , there were $11.8 million of these liabilities which will be accreted in lesser amounts over the next 9 years.

As our ownership interest in BHG is 49%, we do not consolidate BHG's results of operations or financial position into our financial statements but record the net result of BHG's activities at our percentage ownership in income from equity method investment in noninterest income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , BHG reported $37.0 million and $71.2 million, respectively, in revenues, net of substitution losses of $11.6 million and $22.8 million, respectively, compared to revenues of $39.3 million and $70.6 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, net of substitution losses of $3.6 million and $10.0 million, respectively.

•

Approximately $29.3 million and $56.6 million, respectively, of BHG's revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 related to gains on the sale of commercial loans BHG had previously issued to doctor, dentist and other medical practices compared to $25.4 million and $49.7 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. BHG refers to this activity as its core product. BHG typically funds these loans from cash reserves on its balance sheet. Subsequent to origination, these core product loans are sold by BHG with limited or no recourse to a network of community banks and other financial institutions at a premium to the par value of the loan. The purchaser may access a BHG cash reserve account of up to 3% of the loan balance to support loan payments. BHG retains no servicing or other responsibilities related to the core product loan once sold. As a result, this gain on sale premium represents BHG's compensation for absorbing the costs to originate the loan as well as marketing expenses associated with maintaining its business model. At June 30, 2017 , there were $1.4 billion in core product loans previously sold by BHG that were being actively serviced by BHG's bank network of purchasers.

Traditionally, BHG, at its sole option, may also provide purchasers of these core product loans the ability to substitute the acquired loan with another more recently-issued BHG loan should the previously-acquired loan become at least 90-days past due as to its monthly payments. This substitution is subject to the purchaser having adhered to the standards of its purchase agreement with BHG. Additionally, all substitutions are subject to the approval by BHG's board of managers. As a result, the reacquired loans are deemed purchase credit impaired and recorded on BHG's balance sheet at the net present value of the loan's anticipated cash flows. BHG will then initiate collection efforts and attempt to restore the reacquired loan to performing status. Substitution losses are recorded as a contra revenue account and reduce total revenues discussed above. BHG maintained a liability as of June 30, 2017 and 2016 of $59.7 million and $37.4 million, respectively, that represents an estimate of the future inherent losses for the outstanding core portfolio that may be subject to future substitution.

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•

BHG will maintain loans on its balance sheet for a period of time prior to sale or transfer to a purchaser. BHG also has an investment portfolio on which it earns interest and dividend income. Net interest income and fees associated with this activity amounted to $4.8 million and $9.0 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , as compared to $4.0 million and $7.0 million, respectively, for same periods in the prior year.

•

Additionally, BHG will also refer loans to other financial institutions and, based on an agreement with the institution, earn a fee for doing so. Typically, these are loans that BHG believes would either be classified as consumer-type loans rather than commercial loans, the loans fail to meet the credit underwriting standards of BHG but another institution will accept the loans or these are loans to borrowers in certain geographic locations where BHG has elected not to do business. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , BHG recognized fee income of $1.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively, as compared to $3.7 million and $5.0 million, respectively, for the same periods in the prior year related to these activities.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank received $12.5 million and $14.9 million, respectively, in dividends in the aggregate from BHG compared to $16.5 million and $21.8 million, respectively for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. These dividends reduced the carrying amount of our investment in BHG while earnings from BHG increased the carrying amount of our investment in BHG. Our proportionate share of earnings from BHG are included in our consolidated tax return. Profits from intercompany transactions are eliminated. Earnings from BHG will fluctuate from period-to-period.

Included in other noninterest income are interchange and other consumer fees, gains from bank-owned life insurance, swap fees earned for the facilitation of derivative transactions for our clients, and other noninterest income items. Interchange revenues increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as a result of an increase in the number of cards being used as compared to the comparable periods in 2016. Interchange revenues increased year-over-year, but will be negatively impacted by the Durbin amendment which was applicable to us on July 1, 2017. Our current estimates were that the Durbin amendment would have negatively impacted our noninterest income by approximately $2.0 million had the Durbin amendment been applicable to us in the second quarter of 2017. Other noninterest income included changes in the cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance which was $ 1.4 million and $ 2.5 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $ 878,000 and $ 1.6 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. The assets that support these policies are administered by the life insurance carriers and the income we receive (i.e., increases or decreases in the cash surrender value of the policies) on these policies is dependent upon the returns the insurance carriers are able to earn on the underlying investments that support the policies. Earnings on these policies generally are not taxable. Loan swap fees are also included in other noninterest income and decreased by $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, when compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, as a result of many of our clients opting for current lower-coupon variable rate structures.

Noninterest Expense. Noninterest expense consists of salaries and employee benefits, equipment and occupancy expenses, other real estate expenses, and other operating expenses. The following is a summary of our noninterest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

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	Three months ended June 30,				2017 - 2016 Percent	Six months ended June 30,				2017 - 2016 Percent
	2017		2016		Increase (Decrease)	2017		2016		Increase (Decrease)
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits:
Salaries	$	26,312	$	19,393	35.7%	$	49,727	$	38,598	28.8%
Commissions	1,838		1,487		23.6%	3,470		2,919		18.9%
Cash and equity incentives	9,064		7,916		14.5%	14,986		13,764		8.9%
Employee benefits and other	6,460		5,458		18.4%	13,845		11,490		20.5%
Total salaries and employee benefits	43,674		34,254		27.5%	82,028		66,771		22.8%
Equipment and occupancy	10,713		8,312		28.9%	20,387		16,442		24.0%
Other real estate expense	63		222		(71.6%)	315		335		(6.0%)
Marketing and business development	2,127		1,538		38.3%	4,006		2,801		43.0%
Postage and supplies	1,122		1,050		6.9%	2,319		2,007		15.5%
Amortization of intangibles	1,472		847		73.8%	2,668		1,720		55.1%
Merger related expense	3,221		980		228.7%	3,893		2,810		38.5%
Other noninterest expense	9,406		8,728		7.8%	18,235		17,108		6.6%
Total noninterest expense	$	71,798	$	55,931	28.4%	$	133,851	$	109,994	21.7%

Total salaries and employee benefits expenses increased approximately $ 9.4 million and $ 15.3 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016. The increase in salaries is the result of our annual merit increases that are effective on January 1 of each year, as well as, the overall increase in our associate base. At June 30, 2017 , our associate base had expanded to 2,222.5 full-time equivalent associates as compared to 1,061.0 at June 30, 2016. At June 30, 2017, the BNC footprint represented approximately 1,000 full-time equivalent associates. We expect salary and benefit expenses will continue to rise as we hire more experienced bankers throughout our expanded franchise or new markets in which we might expand and add associates in connection with acquisitions as we did with BNC. Moreover, as our total assets now exceed $20 billion, we also expect our compliance costs and FDIC insurance assessment expense will continue to increase.

We believe that cash and equity incentives are a valuable tool in motivating an employee base that is focused on providing our clients effective financial advice and increasing shareholder value. As a result, and unlike many other financial institutions, all of our non-commissioned associates participate in our annual cash incentive plan and all of our associates participate in our equity compensation plans. Under the annual cash incentive plan, the targeted level of incentive payments requires achievement of a certain soundness threshold, a revenue component and a targeted level of earnings (subject to certain adjustments). To the extent that the soundness threshold is met and revenues and earnings are above or below the targeted amount, the aggregate incentive payments are increased or decreased. Historically, we have paid between 0% and 125% of our targeted incentives. We are currently accruing incentive costs for the cash incentive plan in 2017 at less than our targeted awards.

Under our equity incentive plans, we provide a broad-based equity incentive program for all associates including both restricted share awards and performance unit awards. We believe that equity incentives provide a vehicle for all associates to become meaningful shareholders of Pinnacle Financial over an extended period of time and create a shareholder-centric culture throughout our organization. We expect that compensation expense associated with equity awards for the remainder of 2017 will continue to increase when compared to comparable periods in 2016 as a result of the additional associates we have hired in 2017 and our intention to hire additional experienced financial advisors throughout the remainder of 2017, as well as those additional associates obtained with the acquisition of BNC.

Equipment and occupancy expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , increased $ 2.4 million and $ 3.9 million, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior year due to our acquisition of BNC and two new locations were opened in our Tennessee markets in 2017. In future periods, any new facilities, either branches or operational offices will lead to higher equipment and occupancy expenses as well as related increases in salaries and benefits expense.

Marketing and business development expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was $2.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively, compared to $1.5 million and $2.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. The primary source of the increase is related to our advertising and banking sponsorships with a professional sports franchise in Memphis, which was entered into during the third quarter of 2016.

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Intangible amortization expense was $1.5 million and $2.7 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $847,000 and $1.7 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2016. The following table outlines our amortizing intangible assets, their initial valuation and amortizable lives:



	Year Acquired	Initial Valuation (in millions)		Amortizable Life (in years)
Core Deposit Intangible:
Mid- America	2007	$	9.5	10
CapitalMark	2015	6.2		7
Magna	2015	3.2		6
Avenue	2016	8.8		9
BNC	2017	48.1		11
Book of Business Intangibles:
Miller Loughry Beach	2008	1.3		20
CapitalMark	2015	0.3		16
BNC	2017	0.4		20

These assets are being amortized on an accelerated basis which reflects the anticipated life of the underlying assets. Amortization expense is estimated to decrease from $11.3 million to $5.4 million per year over the next five years with lesser amounts for the remaining amortization period.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , merger related charges of $3.2 million and $3.9 million, respectively, were incurred primarily associated with our acquisition of BNC, and included $1.5 million of stock-based compensation expense incurred as a result of change-in-control provisions applicable to assumed equity-based awards that was recorded as merger related expense. We will continue to incur merger related charges as we complete our integration of BNC throughout the remainder of 2017 and into the first quarter of 2018. Merger-related charges will include costs associated with associate retention packages, cultural and technology integrations, including the conversion of our core processing system to BNC's system.

Total other noninterest expenses increased by $678,000 and $ 1.1 million, respectively, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 when compared to the same periods in 2016. Approximately half of these increases are attributable to increased collections expense related to our non-prime consumer automobile portfolio. The remaining increases are attributable to a variety of factors including increased directors fees, franchise tax expense, and regulatory and audit fees.

Our efficiency ratio (ratio of noninterest expense to the sum of net interest income and noninterest income) was 50.7% and 51.3% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 51.9% and 53.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. The efficiency ratio measures the amount of expense that is incurred to generate a dollar of revenue. The efficiency ratio for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 , was negatively impacted by merger related expense.

Income Taxes. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , Pinnacle Financial recorded income tax expense of $20.0 million and $33.8 million, respectively, compared to $15.8 million and $29.6 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 . Pinnacle Financial's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was 31.7% and 29.0% , respectively, compared to 33.9% and 33.5% , respectively, at June 30, 2016. Pinnacle Financial's effective tax rate differs from the combined federal and state income tax statutory rate primarily due to our investments in bank-qualified municipal securities, tax benefits from our real estate investment trust subsidiary, participation in Tennessee's Community Investment Tax Credit (CITC) program, and tax benefits associated with share-based compensation, bank-owned life insurance and our captive insurance subsidiary, offset in part by the limitation on deductibility of meals and entertainment expense and certain merger-related expenses. The impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 was included in income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , resulting in the recognition of $789 ,000 and $4.6 million, respectively, of tax benefits which reduced income tax expense. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, these tax benefits were recorded in the statement of owner's equity directly to additional paid-in-capital.

Financial Condition

Our consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2017 reflects an increase in total loans outstanding to $14.76 billion compared to $8.45 billion at December 31, 2016. Total deposits increased by $ 7.0 billion between December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017 . Total assets were $20.89 billion at June 30, 2017 compared to $11.20 billion at December 31, 2016. Loans acquired from BNC totaled $5.6 billion on June 16, 2017, while BNC contributed $6.2 billion in deposits.

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Loans. The composition of loans at June 30, 2017 and at December 31, 2016 and the percentage (%) of each classification to total loans are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):



	June 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Commercial real estate – mortgage	$	6,387,372	43.3	%	$	3,193,496	37.8	%
Consumer real estate – mortgage	2,552,927		17.3	%	1,185,917		14.0	%
Construction and land development	1,772,799		12.0	%	912,673		10.8	%
Commercial and industrial	3,688,357		25.0	%	2,891,710		34.2	%
Consumer and other	357,310		2.4	%	266,129		3.2	%
Total loans	$	14,758,765	100.0	%	$	8,449,925	100.0	%

The composition of our loan portfolio at June 30, 2017 when compared to December 31, 2016 was impacted by our acquisition of BNC, which had more of a commercial real estate focus than we did in our legacy Tennessee markets. The commercial real estate – mortgage category includes owner-occupied commercial real estate loans which is similar in many ways to our commercial and industrial lending in that these loans are generally made to businesses on the basis of the cash flows of the business rather than on the valuation of the real estate. At June 30, 2017 , approximately 37.1% of the outstanding principal balance of our commercial real estate mortgage loans was secured by owner-occupied properties. Growth in the construction and development loan segment reflects the development of the local economies in which we participate and is diversified between commercial, residential and land.

The following table classifies our fixed and variable rate loans at June 30, 2017 according to contractual maturities of (1) one year or less, (2) after one year through five years, and (3) after five years. The table also classifies our variable rate loans pursuant to the contractual repricing dates of the underlying loans (dollars in thousands):



	Amounts at June 30, 2017						Percentage
	Fixed Rates		Variable Rates		Totals		At June 30, 2017
Based on contractual maturity:
Due within one year	$	749,652	$	1,914,293	$	2,663,945	18.0%
Due in one year to five years	3,858,677		3,104,846		6,963,523		47.2%
Due after five years	2,239,047		2,892,250		5,131,297		34.8%
Totals	$	6,847,376	$	7,911,389	$	14,758,765	100.0%

Based on contractual repricing dates:
Daily floating rate (*)	$	—	$	2,058,220	$	2,058,220	14.0%
Due within one year	856,462		5,339,407		6,195,869		42.0%
Due in one year to five years	3,822,842		446,711		4,269,553		28.9%
Due after five years	2,168,072		67,051		2,235,123		15.1%
Totals	$	6,847,376	$	7,911,389	$	14,758,765	100.0%

The above information does not consider the impact of scheduled principal payments.

(*) Daily floating rate loans are tied to Pinnacle Bank's prime lending rate or a national interest rate index with the underlying loan rates changing in relation to changes in these indexes. Included in variable rate loans are $572.0 million of loans which are currently priced at their contractual floors with a weighted average rate of 4.80%. The weighted average contractual rate on these loans is 4.39%. As a result, interest income on these loans will not change until the contractual rate on the underlying loan exceeds the interest rate floor.

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Accruing Loans in Past Due Status. The following table is a summary of our accruing loans that were past due at least 30 days but less than 89 days and 90 days or more past due as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands):



	June 30,			December 31,
Accruing loans past due 30 to 89 days:	2017			2016
Commercial real estate – mortgage	$	5,692		$	3,505
Consumer real estate – mortgage	7,689			3,838
Construction and land development	6,250			2,210
Commercial and industrial	2,880			4,475
Consumer and other	4,692			7,168
Total accruing loans past due 30 to 89 days	$	27,203		$	21,196

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:
Commercial real estate – mortgage	$	—		$	—
Consumer real estate – mortgage	—			53
Construction and land development	—			—
Commercial and industrial	1,072			—
Consumer and other	619			1,081
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more	$	1,691		$	1,134

Ratios:
Accruing loans past due 30 to 89 days as a percentage of total loans	0.19		%	0.25		%
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more as a percentage of total loans	0.01		%	0.01		%
Total accruing loans in past due status as a percentage of total loans	0.20		%	0.26		%

Potential Problem Loans. Potential problem loans, which are not included in nonperforming assets, amounted to approximately $182.5 million , or 1.2% of total loans at June 30, 2017 , compared to $114.6 million, or 1.4% of total loans at December 31, 2016. Potential problem loans represent those loans with a well-defined weakness and where information about possible credit problems of borrowers has caused management to have serious doubts about the borrower's ability to comply with present repayment terms. This definition is believed to be substantially consistent with the standards established by Pinnacle Bank's primary regulators, for loans classified as substandard, excluding the impact of substandard nonaccrual loans and substandard troubled debt restructurings. Troubled debt restructurings are not included in potential problem loans. Approximately $1.0 million of potential problem loans were past due at least 30 days but less than 90 days as of June 30, 2017 .

Nonperforming Assets and Troubled Debt Restructurings. At June 30, 2017 , we had $65.4 million in nonperforming assets compared to $33.7 million at December 31, 2016. Included in nonperforming assets were $40.2 million in nonaccrual loans and $25.2 million in OREO and other nonperforming assets at June 30, 2017 and $27.6 million in nonaccrual loans and $6.1 million in OREO and other nonperforming assets at December 31, 2016. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were $14.2 million and $15.0 million, respectively, of troubled debt restructurings, all of which were accruing as of the restructured date and remain on accrual status but are considered impaired loans pursuant to U.S. GAAP.

Allowance for Loan Losses (allowance). We maintain the allowance at a level that our management deems appropriate to adequately cover the probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our allowance for loan losses was approximately $61.9 million and $59.0 million, respectively, which our management deemed to be adequate at each of the respective dates. Our allowance for loan losses is adjusted to an amount deemed appropriate to adequately cover probable losses in the loan portfolio based on our allowance for loan loss methodology. Our allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans decreased from 0.70% at December 31, 2016 to 0.42% at June 30, 2017 , primarily attributable to the BNC portfolio being recorded at fair value upon acquisition. As a result of our acquired loan portfolios being recorded at fair value upon acquisition, no allowance for loan losses is assigned to purchased loans as of the date of acquisition. However, an allowance for loan losses is recorded for purchased loans that have experienced credit deterioration subsequent to acquisition or increases in balances outstanding. As of June 30, 2017 , net loans included a remaining net fair value discount of $197.1 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 , the net fair value discount changed as follows:

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	Accretable Yield			Nonaccretable Yield			Total
December 31, 2016	$	30,364		$	3,633		$	33,997
Acquisitions	149,220			26,253			175,473
Year-to-date settlements	(11,287		)	(1,096		)	(12,383		)
June 30, 2017	$	168,298		$	28,790		$	197,087

The following table sets forth, based on management's estimate, the allocation of the allowance to categories of loans as well as the unallocated portion as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and the percentage of loans in each category to total loans (dollars in thousands):



	June 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Commercial real estate - mortgage	$	16,002	43.3	%	$	13,655	37.8	%
Consumer real estate - mortgage	7,835		17.3	%	6,564		14.0	%
Construction and land development	5,126		12.0	%	3,624		10.8	%
Commercial and industrial	24,235		25.0	%	24,743		34.2	%
Consumer and other	7,549		2.4	%	9,520		3.2	%
Unallocated	1,197		NA		874		NA
Total allowance for loan losses	$	61,944	100.0	%	$	58,980	100.0	%

The following is a summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2016 and the ratio of the allowance for loan losses to total loans as of the end of each period (dollars in thousands):



	Six months ended June 30, 2017			Year ended December 31, 2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	58,980		$	65,432
Provision for loan losses	10,463			18,328
Charged-off loans:
Commercial real estate – mortgage	(9		)	(276		)
Consumer real estate – mortgage	(268		)	(788		)
Construction and land development	—			(231		)
Commercial and industrial	(1,653		)	(5,801		)
Consumer and other loans	(8,391		)	(24,016		)
Total charged-off loans	(10,321		)	(31,112		)
Recoveries of previously charged-off loans:
Commercial real estate – mortgage	15			208
Consumer real estate – mortgage	582			546
Construction and land development	129			545
Commercial and industrial	702			2,138
Consumer and other loans	1,394			2,895
Total recoveries of previously charged-off loans	2,822			6,332
Net charge-offs	(7,499		)	(24,780		)
Balance at end of period	$	61,944		$	58,980
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to total loans outstanding at end of period	0.42		%	0.70		%
Ratio of net charge-offs to average total loans outstanding for the period ⁽¹⁾	0.17		%	0.33		%

(1) Net charge-offs for the year-to-date period ended June 30, 2017 have been annualized.

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Management assesses the adequacy of the allowance prior to the end of each calendar quarter. This assessment includes procedures to estimate the allowance and test the adequacy and appropriateness of the resulting balance. The level of the allowance is based upon management's evaluation of the loan portfolios, past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, the views of Pinnacle Bank's regulators, adverse situations that may affect the borrower's ability to repay (including the timing of future payments), the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, economic conditions, industry and peer bank loan quality indications and other pertinent factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans that may be susceptible to significant change. For further discussion regarding our allowance for loan losses, refer to the Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Based upon our evaluation of the loan portfolio, we believe the allowance for loan losses to be adequate to absorb our estimate of inherent losses existing in the loan portfolio at June 30, 2017 . While our policies and procedures used to estimate the allowance for loan losses, as well as, the resultant provision for loan losses charged to operations, are considered adequate by management, they are necessarily approximate and imprecise. There are factors beyond our control, such as conditions in the local and national economy, local real estate market or a particular industry or borrower which may negatively impact, materially, our asset quality and the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses and, thus, the resulting provision for loan losses.

Investments. Our investment portfolio, consisting primarily of Federal agency bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and state and municipal securities amounted to $2.45 billion and $1.32 billion at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Our investment portfolio serves many purposes including serving as a stable source of income, as collateral for public funds deposits and as a potential liquidity source. A summary of our investment portfolio at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 follows:



	June 30, 2017	December 31, 2016
Weighted average life	5.89 years	5.26 years
Effective duration	3.34%	3.16%
Tax equivalent yield	2.51%	2.42%

Deposits and Other Borrowings. We had approximately $15.76 billion of deposits at June 30, 2017 compared to $8.76 billion at December 31, 2016. Total deposits acquired from BNC on June 16, 2017 were $6.2 billion. Our deposits consist of noninterest and interest-bearing demand accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts and time deposits. Additionally, we entered into agreements with certain customers to sell certain securities under agreements to repurchase the security the following day. These agreements (which are typically associated with comprehensive treasury management programs for our clients and provide them with short-term returns for their excess funds) amounted to $205.0 million at June 30, 2017 and $85.7 million at December 31, 2016. Additionally, at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Pinnacle Bank had borrowed $725.2 million and $406.3 million, respectively, in advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (FHLB). At June 30, 2017 , Pinnacle Bank also had approximately $3.34 billion in additional availability with the FHLB.

Generally, we have classified our funding base as either core funding or non-core funding. Core funding consists of all deposits other than time deposits issued in denominations greater than $250,000. All other funding is deemed to be non-core. The following table represents the balances of our deposits and other funding and the percentage of each type to the total at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands):

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	June 30, 2017		Percent	December 31, 2016		Percent
Core funding:
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts	$	3,893,603	22.7%	$	2,399,191	25.0%
Interest-bearing demand accounts	2,480,791		14.5%	1,737,996		18.1%
Savings and money market accounts	5,604,737		32.7%	3,185,186		33.2%
Time deposit accounts less than $250,000	1,263,030		7.4%	512,599		5.3%
Total core funding	13,242,161		77.2%	7,834,972		81.6%
Non-core funding:
Relationship based non-core funding:
Reciprocating NOW deposits ⁽¹⁾	50,451		0.3%	30,328		0.3%
Reciprocating money market accounts ⁽¹⁾	767,994		4.5%	519,769		5.4%
Reciprocating time deposits	113,161		0.7%	58,838		0.6%
Other time deposits	382,698		2.2%	198,689		2.1%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	205,008		1.2%	85,707		0.9%
Total relationship based non-core funding	1,519,312		8.9%	893,331		9.3%
Wholesale funding:
Brokered deposits	518,579		3.0%	49,983		0.5%
Brokered time deposits	682,431		4.0%	66,727		0.7%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	725,230		4.2%	406,304		4.2%
Pinnacle Financial line of credit	—		—%	—		—%
Subordinated debt- Pinnacle Bank	127,608		0.7%	127,486		1.3%
Subordinated debt- Pinnacle Financial	337,811		2.0%	223,282		2.3%
Total wholesale funding	2,391,659		13.9%	873,782		9.1%
Total non-core funding	3,910,971		22.8%	1,767,113		18.4%
Totals	$	17,153,132	100.0%	$	9,602,085	100.0%

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(1)	The reciprocating categories consists of deposits we receive from a bank network (the CDARS network) in connection with deposits of our customers in excess of our FDIC coverage limit that we place with the CDARS network.

Our funding policies impose limits on the amount of non-core funding we can utilize. Periodically, we may exceed our policy limitations, at which time management will develop plans to bring our funding sources back into compliance with our core funding ratios. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with our core funding policies. As noted in the table above, our core funding as a percentage of total funding decreased from 81.6% at December 31, 2016 to 77.2% at June 30, 2017 , primarily as a result of our increased FHLB advances and increased levels of brokered deposits and brokered time deposits resulting from among other things, the impact of our completed acquisitions.

Growing our core deposit base particularly in our markets is a key strategic objective of our firm. We have numerous commercial and affluent consumer depositors that maintain significant balances in their transaction and money market accounts. These deposits are subject to significant fluctuations from time to time for such purposes as distributions to owners, taxes, business acquisitions, etc. As a result, our core funding ratios may also fluctuate meaningfully based on these factors.

The amount of time deposits as of June 30, 2017 amounted to $2.44 billion. The following table shows our time deposits in denominations of $250,000 and less and in denominations greater than $250,000 by category based on time remaining until maturity and the weighted average rate for each category as of June 30, 2017 (in thousands):

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	Balances		Weighted Avg. Rate
Denominations less than $250,000
Three months or less	$	592,316	0.77	%
Over three but less than six months	822,283		0.81	%
Over six but less than twelve months	157,633		0.93	%
Over twelve months	425,076		1.29	%
	$	1,997,308	0.91	%
Denominations $250,000 and greater
Three months or less	$	84,318	0.76	%
Over three but less than six months	154,676		0.70	%
Over six but less than twelve months	114,570		1.03	%
Over twelve months	90,448		1.33	%
	$	444,012	0.93	%
Totals	$	2,441,320	0.91	%

Subordinated debt and other borrowings. We have entered into a number of statutory business trusts which were established to issue 30-year trust preferred securities and related junior subordinated debt instruments and certain other subordinated debt agreements. We also have a $75.0 million revolving credit facility, which we have not drawn upon as of June 30, 2017 and which matures on March 27, 2018. These instruments are outlined below (in thousands):



Name	Date Established	Maturity	Total Debt Outstanding			Interest Rate at June 30, 2017		Coupon Structure
Trust preferred securities
Pinnacle Statutory Trust I	December 29, 2003	December 30, 2033	$	10,310		3.95	%	30-day LIBOR + 2.80%
Pinnacle Statutory Trust II	September 15, 2005	September 30, 2035	20,619			2.70	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.40%
Pinnacle Statutory Trust III	September 7, 2006	September 30, 2036	20,619			2.95	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.65%
Pinnacle Statutory Trust IV	October 31, 2007	September 30, 2037	30,928			4.10	%	30-day LIBOR + 2.85%
BNC Capital Trust I	April 3, 2003	April 15, 2033	5,155			4.41	%	30-day LIBOR + 3.25%
BNC Capital Trust II	March 11, 2004	April 7, 2034	6,186			4.01	%	30-day LIBOR + 2.85%
BNC Capital Trust III	September 23, 2004	September 23, 2034	5,155			3.56	%	30-day LIBOR + 2.40%
BNC Capital Trust IV	September 27, 2006	December 31, 2036	7,217			3.00	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.70%
Valley Financial Trust I	August 5, 2005	September 30, 2035	4,124			4.25	%	30-day LIBOR + 3.10%
Valley Financial Trust II	June 6, 2003	June 26, 2033	7,217			2.62	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.49%
Valley Financial Trust III	September 26, 2005	December 15, 2035	5,155			2.90	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.73%
Southcoast Capital Trust III	December 15, 2006	January 30, 2037	10,310			2.80	%	30-day LIBOR + 1.50%

Subordinated Debt
Pinnacle Bank Subordinated Notes	July 30, 2015	July 30, 2025	60,000			4.88	%	Fixed ⁽¹⁾
Pinnacle Bank Subordinated Notes	March 10, 2016	July 30, 2025	70,000			4.88	%	Fixed ⁽¹⁾
Avenue Subordinated Notes	December 29, 2014	December 29, 2024	20,000			6.75	%	Fixed ⁽²⁾
Pinnacle Financial Subordinated Notes	November 16, 2016	November 16, 2026	120,000			5.25	%	Fixed ⁽³⁾
BNC Subordinated Notes	September 25, 2014	October 1, 2024	60,000			5.50	%	Fixed
BNC Subordinated Notes	October 15, 2013	October 15, 2023	10,560			6.04	%	30-day LIBOR + 5.00% ⁽⁴⁾

Other Borrowings
Revolving credit facility ⁽⁵⁾	March 29, 2016	March 27, 2018	—			—

Debt issuance costs and fair value adjustments			(8,136		)
Total subordinated debt and other borrowings			$	465,419

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⁽¹⁾ – Migrates to three month LIBOR + 3.128% beginning July 30, 2020 through the end of the term.

⁽²⁾ – Migrates to three month LIBOR + 4.95% beginning January 1, 2020 through the end of the term.

⁽³⁾ – Migrates to three month LIBOR + 3.884% beginning November 16, 2021 through the end of the term.

⁽⁴⁾ – Coupon structure includes a floor of 5.00% and a cap of 9.50%.

⁽⁵⁾ – Borrowing capacity on the revolving credit facility is $75.0 million. At June 30, 2017, there was no outstanding balance under this facility.

Following the Merger with BNC, Pinnacle Financial's total assets were in excess of $15.0 billion, as a result of the acquisition of BNC, which caused the subordinated debentures Pinnacle Financial and BNC issued to cease to qualify as Tier 1 capital under applicable banking regulations. Though these securities no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, Pinnacle Financial believes these subordinated debentures continue to qualify as Tier 2 capital.

Capital Resources. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our shareholders' equity amounted to $3.62 billion and $1.50 billion, respectively, an increase of approximately $2.12 billion. Approximately $192.2 million of this increase is attributable to our issuance of common equity in the first quarter of 2017 to support our future growth. Additionally, $1.85 billion is attributable to our acquisition of BNC. The remaining increase is attributable to net income, equity compensation and changes in our other comprehensive income.

Dividends. Pursuant to Tennessee banking law, our bank may not, without the prior consent of the TDFI, pay any dividends to us in a calendar year in excess of the total of our bank's retained net profits for that year plus the retained net profits for the preceding two years, which was $255.4 million at June 30, 2017. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , our bank paid dividends of $8.2 million and $15.7 million, respectively, to us which is within the limits allowed by the TDFI.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , we paid $7.0 million and $14.0 million, respectively, in dividends to our common shareholders. On July 18, 2017, our board of directors declared a $0.14 quarterly cash dividend to common shareholders which should approximate $10.9 million in aggregate dividend payments that will be paid on August 25, 2017 to common shareholders of record as of the close of business on August 4, 2017. The amount and timing of all future dividend payments, if any, is subject to board discretion and will depend on our earnings, capital position, financial condition and other factors, including regulatory capital requirements, as they become known to us.

Market and Liquidity Risk Management

Our objective is to manage assets and liabilities to provide a satisfactory, consistent level of profitability within the framework of established liquidity, loan, investment, borrowing, and capital policies. Our Asset Liability Management Committee (ALCO) is charged with the responsibility of monitoring these policies, which are designed to ensure acceptable composition of asset/liability mix. Two critical areas of focus for ALCO are interest rate sensitivity and liquidity risk management.

Interest Rate Sensitivity. In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk arising from fluctuations in interest rates. ALCO measures and evaluates the interest rate risk so that we can meet customer demands for various types of loans and deposits. ALCO determines the most appropriate amounts of on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet items. Measurements which we use to help us manage interest rate sensitivity include an earnings simulation model and an economic value of equity (EVE) model.

Our interest rate sensitivity modeling incorporates a number of assumptions for both earnings simulation and EVE, including loan and deposit re-pricing characteristics, the rate of loan prepayments, etc. ALCO periodically reviews these assumptions for accuracy based on historical data and future expectations. Our ALCO policy requires that the base scenario assume rates remain flat and is the scenario to which all others are compared in order to measure the change in net interest income and EVE. Policy limits are applied to the results of certain modeling scenarios. While the primary policy scenarios focus is on a twelve month time frame, longer time horizons are also modeled. All policy scenarios assume a static balance sheet, although other scenarios are modeled.

Earnings simulation model. We believe interest rate risk is best measured by our earnings simulation modeling. Earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities and off-balance sheet financial instruments are combined with forecasts of interest rates for the next 12 months and are combined with other factors in order to produce various earnings simulations. To limit interest rate risk, we have policy guidelines for our earnings at risk which seek to limit the variance of net interest income in both gradual and instantaneous changes to interest rates. For changes up or down in rates from management's flat interest rate forecast over the next twelve months, management establishes policy limits in the decline in net interest income, assuming a flat balance sheet, for the following scenarios:

• -10.0% for gradual change of 400 basis points; -20.0% instantaneous change of 400 basis points

• -7.5 % for gradual change of 300 basis points; -15.0% instantaneous change of 300 basis points

• -5.0% for gradual change of 200 basis points; -10.0% instantaneous change of 200 basis points

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• -2.5% for gradual change of 100 basis points; -5.0% instantaneous change of 100 basis points

At June 30, 2017 , our earnings simulation model indicated we were in compliance with our policies for both the gradual and instantaneous interest rate changes. However, our policies provide that during certain interest rate cycles, the down basis point rate changes may not be particularly significant given the current level and slope of the yield curve. Accordingly, we have currently suspended the calculation of the down rate scenarios for earnings simulation measurement for the down 300 and down 400 scenarios.

Economic value of equity . Our EVE model measures the extent that estimated economic values of our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items will change as a result of interest rate changes. Economic values are determined by discounting expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items, which establishes a base case EVE. To help limit interest rate risk, we have stated policy guidelines for an instantaneous basis point change in interest rates, in the following scenarios:

• +/- 400 basis point change in interest rates, EVE shall not decrease by more than 40 percent

• +/- 300 basis point change in interest rates, EVE shall not decrease by more than 30 percent

• +/- 200 basis point change in interest rates, EVE shall not decrease by more than 20 percent

• +/- 100 basis point change in interest rates, EVE shall not decrease by more than 10 percent

At June 30, 2017 , our EVE model indicated we were in compliance with our policies for the scenarios noted above. However, our policies provide that during certain interest rate cycles, the down basis point rate changes may not be particularly significant given the current level and slope of the yield curve. Accordingly, we have currently suspended the calculation of the down rate scenarios for EVE measurement for the down 300 and down 400 scenarios.

We also analyze a most-likely earnings simulation scenario that projects the expected change in rates based on a forward yield curve adopted by management using expected balance sheet volumes forecasted by management. Separate growth assumptions are developed for loans, investments, deposits, etc. Other interest rate scenarios analyzed by management may include delayed rate shocks, yield curve steepening or flattening, or other variations in rate movements to further analyze or stress our balance sheet under various interest rate scenarios.

Each of the above analyses may not, on its own, be an accurate indicator of how our net interest income will be affected by changes in interest rates. Income associated with interest-earning assets and costs associated with interest-bearing liabilities may not be affected uniformly by changes in interest rates. In addition, the magnitude and duration of changes in interest rates may have a significant impact on net interest income. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods of repricing, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities fluctuate in advance of changes in general market rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in general market rates. In addition, certain assets, such as adjustable rate mortgage loans, have features (generally referred to as interest rate caps and floors) which limit changes in interest rates. Prepayment and early withdrawal levels also could deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the maturity of certain instruments. The ability of many borrowers to service their debts also may decrease during periods of rising interest rates. ALCO reviews each of the above interest rate sensitivity analyses along with several different interest rate scenarios as part of its responsibility to provide a satisfactory, consistent level of profitability within the framework of established liquidity, loan, investment, borrowing, and capital policies.

We may also use derivative financial instruments to improve the balance between interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities as one tool to manage our interest rate sensitivity while continuing to meet the credit and deposit needs of our customers. We may also enter into interest rate swaps to facilitate customer transactions and meet their financing needs. These swaps qualify as derivatives, even though they are not designated as hedging instruments.

Based on information gathered from these various modeling scenarios management believes that at June 30, 2017 , our balance sheet would likely be slightly asset sensitive.

ALCO may determine that Pinnacle Financial should over time become more or less asset or liability sensitive depending on the underlying balance sheet circumstances and the firm's conclusions as to anticipated interest rate fluctuations in future periods. At present, ALCO has determined that its "most likely" rate scenario considers one additional increase in short-term interest rates in 2017 while the longer end of the rate curve will increase only slightly. Our "most likely" rate forecast has been basically consistent for several quarters and is based primarily on information we acquire from a service which includes a consensus forecast of numerous benchmarks. Over the last several quarters we have taken steps to make our balance sheet more asset sensitive, which has favorably impacted us in the current rising rate environment and should continue to positively impact our results with additional rate increases. However, BNC’s balance sheet was less asset sensitive which neutralizes some, if not all, of the impact of those steps; however, we may implement actions designed to achieve our desired sensitivity position.

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Liquidity Risk Management . The purpose of liquidity risk management is to ensure that there are sufficient cash flows to satisfy loan demand, deposit withdrawals, and our other needs. Traditional sources of liquidity for a bank include asset maturities and growth in core deposits. A bank may achieve its desired liquidity objectives from the management of its assets and liabilities and by internally generated funding through its operations. Funds invested in marketable instruments that can be readily sold and the continuous maturing of other earning assets are sources of liquidity from an asset perspective. The liability base provides sources of liquidity through attraction of increased deposits and borrowing funds from various other institutions. Maintaining increased levels of liquid assets on our balance sheet, in the form of readily marketable investment securities or other highly liquid assets, could negatively impact our profitability as the interest we earn on these assets is less than that we earn on other earning assets like loans.

To assist in determining the adequacy of our liquidity, we perform a variety of liquidity stress tests including idiosyncratic, systemic and combined scenarios for both moderate and severe events. Liquidity is defined as the ability to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss and to raise additional funds by increasing liabilities. Liquidity management involves maintaining our ability to meet the daily cash flow requirements of our customers, both depositors and borrowers. We maintain on balance sheet liquidity consisting of cash and unpledged securities at a level we believe will allow us to meet our obligations. The size of the minimum liquid asset balance is determined through severe liquidity stress testing. At June 30, 2017 , we were in compliance with our liquidity stress testing policy requirements.

Changes in interest rates also affect our liquidity position. We currently price deposits in response to market rates and our management intends to continue this policy. If deposits are not priced in response to market rates, a loss of deposits could occur which would negatively affect our liquidity position.

Scheduled loan payments are a relatively stable source of funds, but loan payoffs and deposit flows fluctuate significantly, being influenced by interest rates, general economic conditions, competition and the specific needs of our customers. Additionally, debt security investments are subject to prepayment and call provisions that could accelerate their payoff prior to stated maturity. We attempt to price our deposit products to meet our asset/liability objectives consistent with local market conditions. Our ALCO is responsible for monitoring our ongoing liquidity needs. Our regulators also monitor our liquidity and capital resources on a periodic basis and may require that we increase our levels of liquidity or the mixture of our liquidity components.

In addition, our bank is a member of the FHLB Cincinnati. As a result, our bank receives advances from the FHLB Cincinnati, pursuant to the terms of various borrowing agreements, which assist it in the funding of its home mortgage and commercial real estate loan portfolios. Under the borrowing agreements with the FHLB Cincinnati, our bank has pledged certain qualifying residential mortgage loans and, pursuant to a blanket lien, all qualifying commercial mortgage loans as collateral. As such, Pinnacle Bank may use the FHLB Cincinnati as a source of liquidity depending on its ALCO strategies. Additionally, we may pledge additional qualifying assets or reduce the amount of pledged assets with the FHLB Cincinnati to increase or decrease our borrowing capacity with the FHLB Cincinnati. At June 30, 2017 , we believe we had an estimated $3.34 billion in additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB Cincinnati. However, incremental borrowings are made via a formal request by Pinnacle Bank and the subsequent approval by the FHLB Cincinnati. At June 30, 2017 , our bank had received advances from the FHLB Cincinnati totaling $725.2 million. Pinnacle Financial has recognized a discount on FHLB Cincinnati advances in conjunction with its acquisitions within its Tennessee markets. The remaining discount was $53,000 at June 30, 2017 . At June 30, 2017 , the scheduled maturities of the Pinnacle Bank's FHLB Cincinnati advances and interest rates are as follows (in thousands):



Scheduled Maturities	Amount		Interest Rates ⁽¹⁾
2017	$	459,000	1.21%
2018	180,002		1.31%
2019	86,000		1.57%
2020	154		2.25%
2021	—		—%
Thereafter	22		2.75%
Total	$	725,178
Weighted average interest rate			1.27%

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(1) Some FHLB Cincinnati advances include variable interest rates and could increase in the future. The table reflects rates in effect as of June 30, 2017 .

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Pinnacle Bank also has accommodations with upstream correspondent banks available for unsecured short-term advances which aggregate $140.0 million. These accommodations have various covenants related to their term and availability, and in most cases must be repaid within a month of borrowing. We had no outstanding borrowings at June 30, 2017 under these agreements. Our bank also has approximately $2.83 billion in available Federal Reserve discount window lines of credit.

At June 30, 2017, excluding reciprocating time deposits issued through the Promontory Network, we had $1.2 billion of brokered deposits. Historically, we have issued brokered deposits through several different firms based on competitive bid. Typically, the brokered funds have been for varying maturities of up to two years and were issued at rates which were competitive to rates we would be required to pay to attract similar deposits within our local markets as well as rates for FHLB Cincinnati advances of similar maturities. Although we consider these deposits to be a ready source of liquidity under current market conditions, we anticipate that these deposits will continue to represent a small percentage of our total funding in 2017 as we seek to continue maintaining a higher level of core deposits. Through the BNC acquisition, we acquired non-reciprocal time and transaction deposits issued through the Promontory network and we obtained $589 million in brokered certificates of deposits.

Industry regulators have defined additional liquidity guidelines, through the issuance of the Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the Modified LCR, for banking institutions greater than $250 billion in assets, and $50 billion in assets respectively, in the United States. These regulatory guidelines became effective January 2015 with phase in over subsequent years and will require these large institutions to follow prescriptive guidance in determining an absolute level of a high quality liquid asset (HQLA) buffer that must be maintained on their balance sheets in order to withstand a potential liquidity crisis event. Although Pinnacle follows the principles outlined in the Interagency Policy Statement on Liquidity Risk Management, issued March 2010, to determine its HQLA buffer, Pinnacle is not currently subject to these regulations. However, these formulas could eventually be imposed on smaller banks, such as Pinnacle Bank, and require an increase in the absolute level of liquidity on our balance sheet. Consequently, this could result in lower net interest margins for us in future periods.

At June 30, 2017 , we had no significant commitments for capital expenditures, although we intend to construct additional retail locations in our various markets. We will incur additional capital expenditures as we develop an infrastructure to incorporate BNC into our network. Our management believes that we have adequate liquidity to meet all known contractual obligations and unfunded commitments, including loan commitments and reasonable borrower, depositor, and creditor requirements over the next twelve months.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. At June 30, 2017 , we had outstanding standby letters of credit of $135.8 million and unfunded loan commitments outstanding of $5.0 billion. Because these commitments generally have fixed expiration dates and many will expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment level does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. If needed to fund these outstanding commitments, Pinnacle Bank has the ability to liquidate Federal funds sold or on a short-term basis to borrow and purchase Federal funds from other financial institutions.

Impact of Inflation

The consolidated financial statements and related consolidated financial data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and practices within the banking industry which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on a financial institution's performance than the effects of general levels of inflation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Except as set forth below, there are currently no new accounting standards that have been issued that will have a significant impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows upon adoption that were not disclosed in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In March 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-08, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities . The amendment in this ASU shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium to the earliest call date. The amendment does not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted with modified retrospective application. Pinnacle Financial is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

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In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business . The amendment in this ASU clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) or assets or businesses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. Pinnacle Financial is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment to simplify how an entities other than private companies, such as public business entities and not-for-profit entities, are required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating the comparison of the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those periods. Pinnacle Financial is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases guidance requiring the recognition in the statement of financial position of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. The guidance requires that a lessee should recognize lease assets and lease liabilities as compared to previous U.S. GAAP that did not require lease assets and lease liabilities to be recognized for most leases. The guidance becomes effective for us on January 1, 2019. Pinnacle Financial is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 , Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (the ASU), which introduces the current expected credit losses methodology. Among other things, the ASU requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets, including loans and available-for-sale debt securities, held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The new model will require institutions to calculate all probable and estimable losses that are expected to be incurred through the loan's entire life. ASU 2016-13 also requires the allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since origination to be determined in a manner similar to that of other financial assets measured at amortized cost; however, the initial allowance will be added to the purchase price rather than recorded as credit loss expense. The disclosure of credit quality indicators related to the amortized cost of financing receivables will be further disaggregated by year of origination (or vintage). Institutions are to apply the changes through a cumulative-effect adjustment to their retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the standard is effective. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early application will be permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Pinnacle Financial is currently assessing the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), intended to reduce the diversity in practice around how certain transactions are classified within the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted with retrospective application. Pinnacle Financial is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) developed as a joint project with the International Accounting Standards Board to remove inconsistencies in revenue requirements and provide a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues. The ASU's core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-14 , which deferred the effective date by one year (i.e., interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017). Early adoption is permitted, but not before the original effective date (i.e., interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016). The ASU may be adopted using either a modified retrospective method or a full retrospective method. Pinnacle Financial intends to adopt the ASU during the first quarter of 2018, as required, using a modified retrospective approach. Pinnacle Financial's preliminary analysis suggests that the adoption of this accounting guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements as the majority of its revenue stream is generated from financial instruments which are not within the scope of this ASU. However, Pinnacle Financial is still evaluating the impact for other fee-based income. The FASB continues to release new accounting guidance related to the adoption of this ASU and the results of Pinnacle Financial's materiality analysis may change based on conclusions reached as to the application of this new guidance.

Other than those pronouncements discussed above and those which have been recently adopted, there were no other recently issued accounting pronouncements that are expected to materially impact Pinnacle Financial.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The information required by this Item 3 is included on pages 40 through 61 of Part I - Item 2 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Pinnacle Financial maintains disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by it in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to Pinnacle Financial's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Pinnacle Financial carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Pinnacle Financial's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Controls

There were no changes in Pinnacle Financial's internal control over financial reporting during Pinnacle Financial's fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Pinnacle Financial's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Various legal proceedings to which Pinnacle Financial or a subsidiary of Pinnacle Financial is a party arise from time to time in the normal course of business. There are no material pending legal proceedings to which Pinnacle Financial or a subsidiary of Pinnacle Financial is a party or of which any of their property is the subject.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Except as set forth below there have been no material changes to the risk factors included in "Item 1A Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016:

If the federal funds and interbank funding rates remain at current extremely low levels, our net interest margin, and consequently our net earnings, may be negatively impacted.

Because of significant competitive pressures in our markets and the negative impact of these pressures on our deposit and loan pricing, coupled with the fact that a significant portion of our loan portfolio has variable rate pricing that moves in concert with changes to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors’ federal funds rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) (both of which are at extremely low levels as a result of current economic conditions), our net interest margin may be negatively impacted if these rates remain at their extremely low levels. In December 2016, the Federal Reserve Board of Governors raised the target range for the federal funds rate from 0.25% to 0.50% to 0.50% to 0.75%, and in 2017, further raised the target range for the federal funds rate to 1.00% to 1.25%. As interest rates change, we expect that we will periodically experience “gaps” in the interest rate sensitivities of our assets and liabilities, meaning that either our interest-bearing liabilities (usually deposits and borrowings) will be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest-earning assets (usually loans and investment securities), or vice versa. In either event, if market interest rates should move contrary to our position, this “gap” may work against us, and our earnings may be negatively affected. Over the last three years we have sought to reduce the amount of variable rate loans with interest rate floors as a percentage of total loans. We believe that the reduction in the amount of variable rate loans with interest rate floors should better position our balance sheet for a rising rate environment. In the event that short-term interest rates don’t continue to rise in 2017, or those rates rise more slowly than we are anticipating, our efforts to transition our balance sheet to a more asset sensitive position may negatively impact our results of operations as we may earn less interest on these loans than we would have had we maintained these loan floors.

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The absolute level of interest rates as well as changes in interest rates may affect our level of interest income, the primary component of our gross revenue, as well as the level of our interest expense. Interest rate fluctuations are caused by many factors which, for the most part, are not under our control. For example, national monetary policy plays a significant role in the determination of interest rates. Additionally, competitor pricing and the resulting negotiations that occur with our customers also impact the rates we collect on loans and the rates we pay on deposits.

Changes in the level of interest rates also may negatively affect our ability to originate loans, the value of our assets and our ability to realize gains from the sale of our assets, all of which ultimately affect our earnings. A decline in the market value of our assets may limit our ability to borrow additional funds. As a result, we could be required to sell some of our loans and investments under adverse market conditions, upon terms that are not favorable to us, in order to maintain our liquidity. If those sales are made at prices lower than the amortized costs of the investments, we will incur losses. Because we continue to have a significant number of loans with interest rate floors above current rates, in a rising rate environment our liabilities may reprice faster than our loans, which would negatively impact our results of operations.

We have entered into certain hedging transactions including interest rate swaps, which are designed to lessen elements of our interest rate exposure. In the event that interest rates do not change in the manner anticipated, such transactions may not be effective.

We have a concentration of credit exposure to borrowers in certain industries, and we also target small to medium-sized businesses.

We have meaningful credit exposures to borrowers in certain businesses, including commercial and residential building lessors, new home builders, and land subdividers. These industries experienced adversity during 2008 through 2010 as a result of sluggish economic conditions, and, as a result, an increased level of borrowers in these industries were unable to perform under their loan agreements with us, or suffered loan downgrades which negatively impacted our results of operations. If the economic environment in our markets weakens in 2017 or beyond, these industry concentrations could result in increased deterioration in credit quality, past dues, loan charge offs and collateral value declines, which could cause our earnings to be negatively impacted. Furthermore, any of our large credit exposures that deteriorate unexpectedly could cause us to have to make significant additional loan loss provisions, negatively impacting our earnings.

A substantial focus of our marketing and business strategy is to serve small to medium-sized businesses in our market areas. As a result, a relatively high percentage of our loan portfolio consists of commercial loans primarily to small to medium-sized businesses. At June 30, 2017, our commercial and industrial loans accounted for almost 25.0% of our total loans. Additionally, approximately, 37.1% of our commercial real-estate mortgage loans at June 30, 2017 are owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, which are loans to businesses secured by the businesses’ real estate. We expect to seek to expand the amount of such loans in our portfolio in 2017. During periods of lower economic growth like those we have experienced in recent years, small to medium-sized businesses may be impacted more severely and more quickly than larger businesses. Consequently, the ability of such businesses to repay their loans may deteriorate, and in some cases this deterioration may occur quickly, which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

As a result of our acquisitions of Avenue, Magna, and CapitalMark over the last twenty-four months and BNC in the second quarter of 2017, and our strong organic growth in our legacy markets, our level of commercial real estate loans has increased markedly from approximately 190% of risk-based capital as of December 31, 2014 to approximately 285.0% of risk-based capital as of June 30, 2017. Though we currently operate within the federal banking regulatory agencies’ guidelines on the amount of these types of loans that a bank is encouraged to hold, and we don’t anticipate exceeding these levels for a material length of time, there may be short-term periods when our levels of these loans exceed these guidelines.

The percentage of real estate construction and development loans in our loan portfolio was approximately 12.0% of total loans at June 30, 2017. These loans make up approximately 9.6% of our non-performing loans at June 30, 2017. This type of lending is generally considered to have relatively high credit risks because the principal is concentrated in a limited number of loans with repayment dependent on the successful completion and operation of the related real estate project. Weakness in residential real estate market prices as well as demand could result in price reductions in home and land values adversely affecting the value of collateral securing the construction and development loans that we hold. Should we experience the return of these adverse economic and real estate market conditions we may again experience increases in non-performing loans and other real estate owned, increased losses and expenses from the management and disposition of non-performing assets, increases in provision for loan losses, and increases in operating expenses as a result of the allocation of management time and resources to the collection and work out of loans, all of which would negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations are principally geographically concentrated in certain markets in the southeastern United States, and changes in local economic conditions impact our profitability.

Prior to our acquisitions of CapitalMark and Magna, we operated primarily in the Nashville, Tennessee and Knoxville, Tennessee MSAs, and most of our borrowers, depositors and other customers lived or had operations in these areas. With our acquisitions of

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CapitalMark and Magna, we have increased our presence in the Knoxville MSA and expanded our operations into the Chattanooga, Tennessee-Georgia MSA and surrounding counties and the Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas MSA. Following our acquisition of BNC, we have expanded our operations to the Carolinas and Virginia. As a result, a significant percentage of our borrowers remain situated in the Nashville, Tennessee and Knoxville, Tennessee MSAs, and the various MSAs we have recently entered into in the Carolinas and Virginia. Our success significantly depends upon the growth in population, income levels, deposits and housing starts in our markets (particularly the Nashville, Tennessee MSA, Knoxville, Tennessee MSA and the Carolina and Virginia MSAs), along with the continued attraction of business ventures to these areas, and our profitability is impacted by the changes in general economic conditions in these markets. We cannot assure you that economic conditions, including loan demand, in our markets will not deteriorate during 2017 or thereafter, and upon any deterioration, we may not be able to grow our loan portfolio in line with our expectations, the ability of our customers to repay their loans to us may be negatively impacted and our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.

Compared to national financial institutions, we are less able to spread the risks of unfavorable local economic conditions across a large number of diversified economies. Moreover, we cannot give any assurance that we will benefit from any market growth or return of more favorable economic conditions in our primary market areas if they do occur.

Our acquisitions and future expansion may result in additional risks.

In 2015, we completed the acquisitions of CapitalMark and Magna, and in 2016, we completed the acquisition of Avenue. We consummated our acquisition of BNC on June 16, 2017. We expect to continue to expand in our current markets and in select high-growth markets located outside of Tennessee in the southeastern portion of the United States through additional branches and also may consider expansion within these markets through additional acquisitions of all or part of other financial institutions. These types of expansions involve various risks, including:

Management of Growth . We may be unable to successfully:

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		maintain loan quality in the context of significant loan growth;

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		identify and expand into suitable markets;

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		obtain regulatory and other approvals;

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		identify and acquire suitable sites for new banking offices;

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		attract sufficient deposits and capital to fund anticipated loan growth;

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		maintain adequate common equity and regulatory capital;

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		avoid diversion or disruption of our existing operations or management as well as those of the acquired institution;

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		maintain adequate management personnel and systems to oversee such growth;

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		maintain adequate internal audit, loan review and compliance functions; and

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		implement additional policies, procedures and operating systems required to support such growth.

Operating results . There is no assurance that existing offices or future offices will maintain or achieve deposit levels, loan balances or other operating results necessary to avoid losses or produce profits. Our growth strategy necessarily entails growth in overhead expenses as we routinely add new offices and staff. Our historical results may not be indicative of future results or results that may be achieved as we continue to increase the number and concentration of our branch offices in our newer markets.

Development of offices . There are considerable costs involved in opening branches, and new branches generally do not generate sufficient revenues to offset their costs until they have been in operation for at least a year or more. Accordingly, any new branches we establish can be expected to negatively impact our earnings for some period of time until they reach certain economies of scale. The same is true for our efforts to expand in these markets with the hiring of additional seasoned professionals with significant experience in that market. Our expenses could be further increased if we encounter delays in opening any of our new branches. We may be unable to accomplish future branch expansion plans due to a lack of available satisfactory sites, difficulties in acquiring such sites, increased expenses or loss of potential sites due to complexities associated with zoning and permitting processes, higher than anticipated merger and acquisition costs or other factors. Finally, we have no assurance any branch will be successful even after it has been established or acquired, as the case may be.

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Regulatory and economic factors . Our growth and expansion plans may be adversely affected by a number of regulatory and economic developments or other events. Failure to obtain required regulatory approvals, changes in laws and regulations or other regulatory developments and changes in prevailing economic conditions or other unanticipated events may prevent or adversely affect our continued growth and expansion. Such factors may cause us to alter our growth and expansion plans or slow or halt the growth and expansion process, which may prevent us from entering our expected markets or allow competitors to gain or retain market share in our existing markets.

Failure to successfully address these and other issues related to our expansion could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, and could adversely affect our ability to successfully implement our business strategy. Also, if our growth occurs more slowly than anticipated or declines, our operating results could be materially adversely affected.

If our allowance for loan losses is not sufficient to cover losses inherent in our portfolio, our earnings will decrease.

If loan customers with significant loan balances fail to repay their loans, our earnings and capital levels will suffer. We make various assumptions and judgments about the probable losses in our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of any collateral securing the loans. We maintain an allowance for loan losses to cover our estimate of the probable losses in our loan portfolio. In determining the size of this allowance, we utilize estimates based on analyses of volume and types of loans, internal loan classifications, trends in classifications, volume and trends in delinquencies, nonaccruals and charge-offs, loss experience of various loan categories, national and local economic conditions, industry and peer bank loan quality indications, and other pertinent factors and information. If our assumptions are inaccurate, our current allowance may not be sufficient to cover potential loan losses, and additional provisions may be necessary which would decrease our earnings.

In addition, federal and state regulators periodically review our loan portfolio and may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses or recognize loan charge-offs. Their conclusions about the quality of a particular borrower or our entire loan portfolio may be different than ours. Any increase in our allowance for loan losses or loan charge offs as required by these regulatory agencies could have a negative effect on our operating results. Moreover, additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic and real estate market conditions, new information regarding existing loans (including those we acquired in our recently completed acquisitions) identification of additional problem loans, accounting rule changes (like those related to the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s rules regarding accounting for current expected credit losses) and other factors, both within and outside of our management’s control. These additions may require increased provision expense which would negatively impact our results of operations.

We may not be able to successfully integrate the businesses we recently acquired or to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisitions.

We are still in the process of integrating the businesses we recently acquired. A successful integration of these businesses with ours will depend substantially on our ability to consolidate operations, corporate cultures, systems and procedures and to eliminate redundancies and costs. We may not be able to combine our business with the businesses we recently acquired without encountering difficulties, such as:

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		the loss of key employees;

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		the disruption of operations and business;

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		inability to maintain and increase competitive presence;

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		loan and deposit attrition, customer loss and revenue loss, including as a result of any decision we may make to close one or more locations;

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		possible inconsistencies in standards, control procedures and policies;

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		unexpected problems with costs, operations, personnel, technology and credit; and/or

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		problems with the assimilation of new operations, sites or personnel, which could divert resources from regular banking operations.

Additionally, general market and economic conditions or governmental actions affecting the financial industry generally may inhibit our successful integration of these businesses.

Further, we acquired these businesses with the expectation that these acquisitions will result in various benefits including, among other things, benefits relating to enhanced revenues, a strengthened market position for the combined company, cross selling opportunities, technological efficiencies, cost savings and operating efficiencies. Achieving the anticipated benefits of these

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acquisitions is subject to a number of uncertainties, including whether we integrate the acquired businesses in an efficient and effective manner, receipt of any required regulatory approvals or no objection decisions with respect to certain integration actions, our ability to achieve the estimate noninterest expense savings we believe we can achieve, and general competitive factors in the marketplace. Failure to achieve these anticipated benefits on the anticipated timeframe, or at all, could result in a reduction in the price of our shares as well as in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management’s time and energy and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Additionally, we made fair value estimates of certain assets and liabilities in recording these acquisitions. Actual values of these assets and liabilities could differ from our estimates, which could result in our not achieving the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions. Finally, any cost savings that are realized may be offset by losses in revenues or other charges to earnings.

We have incurred, and anticipate that we will continue to incur, significant transaction and merger-related costs in connection with our acquisition of BNC.

We have incurred, and anticipate that we will continue to incur, significant costs associated with combining the operations of BNC with our operations. Additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in the integration of our business with the business of BNC. Although we expect that the elimination of duplicative costs, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the businesses, may offset incremental transaction and merger-related costs over time, this net benefit may not be achieved in the near term, or at all.

Our acquisition of BNC involves risks unlike those we have faced in connection with our other recent acquisitions.

Between January 1, 2015 and our acquisition of BNC, we had acquired three financial institutions with aggregate total assets of approximately $2.93 billion as of the respective dates we consummated those acquisitions. BNC’s total assets as of March 31, 2017 were approximately $7.58 billion, reflecting assets significantly in excess of the aggregate total assets of all of the other financial institutions we have acquired since January 1, 2015. For the merger to be successful, we will need to, among other things, successfully export our business strategies to the new markets in which BNC operates and effectively manage a combined company that is over 50% larger than our present size, measured by total assets. Moreover, all of our acquisitions to date other than the BNC acquisition have been of financial institutions headquartered in Tennessee with significant operations in markets with which we were familiar. BNC operated 76 banking offices across three states in many markets that are unfamiliar to us. We will rely heavily on BNC’s existing personnel to grow loan and deposit balances in those markets and if we are unable to retain BNC’s key employees our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, BNC’s loan portfolio was made up of a greater percentage of commercial real estate loans than we had in our portfolio and BNC was more dependent on noncore funding than we were prior to the merger. Our regulators will be closely monitoring the levels of commercial real estate loans in our portfolio and, if we are unable to originate a significant amount of loans in other segments of our portfolio or increase our capital levels in amounts sufficient to keep our concentration of these commercial real estate loans below regulatory guidelines, our ability to continue to aggressively grow our balance sheet may be negatively affected and our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we are not able to increase the amount of core funding in our markets, particularly in lower cost deposits, our net interest margin and liquidity may be adversely affected which could result in a material and adverse impact on our results of operations.

We may face risks with respect to future acquisitions.

When we attempt to expand our business through mergers and acquisitions (as we have aggressively done recently), we seek targets that are culturally similar to us, have experienced management and possess either significant market presence or have potential for improved profitability through economies of scale or expanded services. In addition to the general risks associated with our growth plans which are highlighted above, in general acquiring other banks, businesses or branches, particularly those in markets with which we are less familiar, involves various risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including, among other things:

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		the time and costs associated with identifying and evaluating potential acquisition and merger targets;

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		inaccuracies in the estimates and judgments used to evaluate credit, operations, management and market risks with respect to the target institution;

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		the time and costs of evaluating new markets, hiring experienced local management, including as a result of de novo expansion into a market, and opening new bank locations, and the time lags between these activities and the generation of sufficient assets and deposits to support the significant costs of the expansion that we may incur, particularly in the first 12 to 24 months of operations;

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		our ability to finance an acquisition and possible dilution to our existing shareholders;

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		the diversion of our management’s attention to the negotiation of a transaction;

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		the incurrence of an impairment of goodwill associated with an acquisition and adverse effects on our results of operations;

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		entry into new markets where we have limited or no direct prior experience;

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		closing delays and increased expenses related to the resolution of lawsuits filed by our shareholders or shareholders of companies we may seek to acquire;

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		the inability to receive regulatory approvals timely or at all, including as a result of community objections, or such approvals being restrictively conditional; and

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		risks associated with integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired business.

We expect to continue to evaluate merger and acquisition opportunities that are presented to us in our current markets as well as other markets throughout the southeastern portion of the United States and conduct due diligence activities related to possible transactions with other financial institutions. As a result, merger or acquisition discussions and, in some cases, negotiations may take place and future mergers or acquisitions involving cash, debt or equity securities and related capital raising transactions may occur at any time. Generally, acquisitions of financial institutions involve the payment of a premium over book and market values, and, therefore, some dilution of our book value and fully diluted earnings per share may occur in connection with any future transaction. Failure to realize the expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in product presence and/or other projected benefits from an acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, we may face significant competition from numerous other financial services institutions, many of which may have greater financial resources than we do, when considering acquisition opportunities, particularly in our targeted high-growth markets located outside of Tennessee. Accordingly, attractive acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in identifying or completing any potential future acquisitions.

Implementation of the various provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act may increase our operating costs or otherwise have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

On July 21, 2010, former President Obama signed the Dodd-Frank Act. This landmark legislation includes, among other things, (i) the creation of a Financial Services Oversight Counsel to identify emerging systemic risks and improve interagency cooperation; (ii) the elimination of the Office of Thrift Supervision and the transfer of oversight of federally chartered thrift institutions and their holding companies to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Reserve; (iii) the creation of a Consumer Financial Protection Agency authorized to promulgate and enforce consumer protection regulations relating to financial products that would affect banks and non-bank finance companies; (iv) the establishment of new capital and prudential standards for banks and bank holding companies; (v) enhanced regulation of financial markets, including the derivatives, securitization and mortgage origination markets; (vi) the elimination of certain proprietary trading and private equity investment activities by banks; (vii) the elimination of barriers to de novo interstate branching by banks; (viii) a permanent increase of FDIC deposit insurance to $250,000; (ix) the authorization of interest-bearing transaction accounts; and (x) changes in how the FDIC deposit insurance assessments are calculated and an increase in the minimum designated reserve ratio for the Deposit Insurance Fund.

Certain provisions of the legislation were not immediately effective or are subject to required studies and implementing regulations. Further, community banks with less than $10 billion in assets are exempt from certain provisions of the legislation. We exceeded $10 billion in assets upon the consummation of the Avenue merger, causing us to become subject to these additional regulations, and, as described below, our results of operations may be materially impacted by the additional costs to comply with these additional regulations as well as the higher costs associated with increased deposit insurance premiums.

The Dodd-Frank Act and its implementing regulations impose various additional requirements on bank holding companies with $10 billion or more in total assets, including compliance with portions of the Federal Reserve’s enhanced prudential oversight requirements and annual stress testing requirements. In addition, banks with $10 billion or more in total assets are primarily examined by the CFPB with respect to various federal consumer financial protection laws and regulations. Previously, Pinnacle Bank was subject to regulations adopted by the CFPB, but the FDIC was primarily responsible for examining our compliance with consumer protection laws and those CFPB regulations. As a relatively new agency with evolving regulations and practices, there is uncertainty as to how the CFPB’s examination and regulatory authority might impact our business.

Since we have exceeded $10 billion in assets, we will now be required, under the Dodd-Frank Act, to submit annually a stress test to the Federal Reserve that projects our performance in various economic scenarios provided by the Federal Reserve. We are required to submit our first stress test in 2017. The Dodd-Frank Act stress tests are forward-looking exercises conducted by the Federal Reserve and financial companies regulated by the Federal Reserve to help ensure institutions have sufficient capital to absorb losses and support operations during adverse economic conditions. In performing these stress tests, we will be required to make certain assumptions in modeling future performance and must support these assumptions through statistical analysis and observed market

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behavior where applicable. The outcome of the Federal Reserve’s analysis of our projected performance (to include capital, earnings, and balance sheet changes) will be used in supervision of us and will assist the Federal Reserve in assessing our risk profile and capital adequacy. The results of any stress test that we perform could hinder our ability to pay quarterly cash dividends to shareholders as has been our practice, and could also impact decisions made by the Federal Reserve and other bank regulators regarding future acquisitions or investments by us or Pinnacle Bank.

In addition, beginning on July 1, 2017 we became subject to the Durbin Amendment promulgated under the Dodd-Frank Act. Under the Durbin Amendment, interchange fees for debit card transactions are capped at $0.21 plus five basis points. This limitation on interchange fees will adversely impact our results of operations.

Compliance with these requirements that are now applicable to us since we have exceeded $10 billion in total assets may necessitate that we hire or contract with additional compliance or other personnel, design and implement additional internal controls, or incur other significant expenses, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Compliance with the annual stress testing requirements, part of which must be publicly disclosed, may adversely affect our stock price or our ability to retain our customers or effectively compete for new business opportunities.

Although many of regulations implementing portions of the Dodd-Frank Act have been promulgated, we are still unable to predict how this significant legislation may be interpreted and enforced or the full extent to which implementing regulations and supervisory policies may affect us. Finally, President Donald Trump and the Congressional majority have indicated that the Dodd-Frank Act will be under further scrutiny and some of the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and CFTC rules promulgated thereunder may be revised, repealed or amended, including as is proposed in the Financial Choice Act of 2017, which has been approved by the House of Representatives but not the Senate. There can be no assurance that these or future reforms will not significantly increase our compliance or operating costs or otherwise have a significant impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Negative developments in the U.S. and local economy may adversely impact our results in the future.

Economic conditions in the markets in which we operate deteriorated significantly between early 2008 and the middle of 2010. These challenges manifested themselves primarily in the form of increased levels of provisions for loan losses and other real estate expense related to declining collateral values in our real estate loan portfolio and increased costs associated with our portfolio of other real estate owned. Although economic conditions appear to have stabilized and strengthened in our markets in the more recent periods and we have refocused our efforts on growing our earning assets, we believe that we will continue to experience an uncertain economic environment during 2017. Accordingly, we expect that our results of operations could be negatively impacted by economic conditions, including reduced loan demand. There can be no assurance that the economic conditions that have adversely affected the financial services industry, and the capital, credit and real estate markets, generally, or us in particular, will improve materially, or at all, in the near future, or thereafter, in which case we could experience reduced earnings or again experience significant losses and write-downs of assets, and could face capital and liquidity constraints or other business challenges.

Our ability to grow our loan portfolio may be limited by, among other things, economic conditions, competition within our market areas, the timing of loan repayments and seasonality.

Our ability to continue to improve our operating results is dependent upon, among other things, aggressively growing our loan portfolio. While we believe that our strategy to grow our loan portfolio is sound and our growth targets are achievable over an extended period of time, competition within our market areas is significant, particularly for borrowers whose businesses have been less negatively impacted by the challenging economic conditions of the last few years. We compete with both large regional and national financial institutions, who are sometimes able to offer more attractive interest rates and other financial terms than we choose to offer, and smaller community-based financial institutions who seek to offer a similar level of service to that which we offer. This competition can make loan growth challenging, particularly if we are unwilling to price loans at levels that would cause unacceptable levels of compression of our net interest margin or if we are unwilling to structure a loan in a manner that we believe results in a level of risk to us that we are not willing to accept. Moreover, loan growth throughout the year can fluctuate due in part to seasonality of the businesses of our borrowers and potential borrowers and the timing on loan repayments, particularly those of our borrowers with significant relationships with us, resulting from, among other things, excess levels of liquidity.

Our investment in BHG may not produce the contribution to our results of operations that we expect.

Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank collectively hold a 49% interest in BHG. While we have a significant stake in BHG, are entitled to designate two members of BHG’s five person board of managers and in some instances have protective rights to block BHG from engaging in certain activities, including, until March 1, 2020, a sale of BHG (following March 1, 2020, the other managers can approve a sale of BHG without our consent), the other managers and members of BHG may make most decisions regarding BHG’s operations without our consent or approval. Any sale of all or a portion of our interest in BHG would adversely affect our recurring noninterest income. Moreover, there are certain limitations on our ability to sell our interest in BHG without first offering BHG and the other members a right of first refusal, and we are prohibited from transferring any portion of our interest without the consent of the other members of BHG prior to March 1, 2021, other than transfers in connection with an acquisition of Pinnacle

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Financial or Pinnacle Bank or as a result of a change in applicable law that forces us and/or Pinnacle Bank to divest our or Pinnacle Bank’s ownership interests in BHG.

A significant portion of BHG’s revenue (and correspondingly our interest in any of BHG’s net profits) comes from the sale of loans originated by BHG to community banks. Moreover, the aggregate purchase price we paid to acquire our interest in BHG was based on our expectation that BHG will continue to grow its business and increase the amount of loans that it is able to originate and sell. In the event that BHG’s loan growth slows over historical levels or its loan sales decrease (including but not limited to as a result of regulatory restrictions on banks that are the principal purchasers of BHG’s loans), its results of operations and our non-interest income would be adversely affected. BHG currently operates in most states without the need for a permit or any other license. In the event that BHG was required to register or become licensed in any state in which it operates, or regulations are adopted that seek to limit BHG’s ability to operate in any jurisdiction or that seek to limit the amounts of interest that BHG can charge on its loans, BHG’s results of operations (and our and Pinnacle Bank’s interest in BHG’s net profits) could be materially and adversely affected.

BHG’s business may become subject to increased scrutiny by the FDIC or the Federal Reserve as it grows or as a result of our investment. The FDIC has published guidance related to the operation of marketplace lenders and banks’ business relationships with such lenders and other third parties in which banks are required to exercise increased oversight and ongoing monitoring and other responsibility for such third parties’ compliance with applicable regulatory guidance and requirements. As a result, we are subject to enhanced responsibility for and risk related to BHG and our relationship with it. BHG’s compliance costs may increase and its loan yields may be negatively impacted, which would negatively impact its results of operations and our and Pinnacle Bank’s interest in BHG’s net profits. If banks that are examined by the FDIC became restricted in their ability to buy loans originated by BHG, BHG’s business would be negatively impacted, which would negatively impact our interest in BHG’s profits.

Changes to requirements for bank holding companies and depository institutions that became effective January 1, 2015 and continue to be phased in may negatively impact Pinnacle Financial’s and Pinnacle Bank’s results of operations.

In July 2013, the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC approved final rules that substantially amend the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to Pinnacle Bank and Pinnacle Financial. The final rules, which became effective on January 1, 2015, implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act.

Under these rules, the leverage and risk-based capital ratios of bank holding companies may not be lower than the leverage and risk-based capital ratios for insured depository institutions. The final rules include new minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios. Moreover, these rules refine the definition of what constitutes “capital” for purposes of calculating those ratios, including the definitions of Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. The minimum capital level requirements now applicable to bank holding companies and banks subject to the rules are: (i) a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6%; (iii) a total risk-based capital ratio of 8%; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4% for all institutions. The rules also establish a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% (being phased in over three years beginning January 1, 2016) above the new regulatory minimum risk-based capital ratios, and result in the following minimum ratios once the capital conservation buffer is fully phased in: (i) a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 7%, (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.5%, and (iii) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.5%. The capital conservation buffer requirement was being phased in at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets in 2016 and will increase by a like amount each year until fully implemented in January 2019. We will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases and paying discretionary bonuses if our capital levels fall below these minimums plus the buffer amounts. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions.

Under these rules, Tier 1 capital generally consists of common stock (plus related surplus) and retained earnings, limited amounts of minority interest in the form of additional Tier 1 capital instruments, and non-cumulative preferred stock and related surplus, subject to certain eligibility standards, less goodwill and other specified intangible assets and other regulatory deductions. Cumulative preferred stock and trust preferred securities issued after May 19, 2010, no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, but such securities issued prior to May 19, 2010, including in the case of bank holding companies with less than $15.0 billion in total assets at that date, trust preferred securities issued prior to that date, continue to count as Tier 1 capital subject to certain limitations. Since our total assets now exceed $15.0 billion, and we crossed that threshold as a result of a merger, the subordinated debentures we, and companies we have acquired, issued in connection with prior trust preferred securities offerings no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital under applicable banking regulations. Accordingly, we may need to increase the level of Tier 1 capital we maintain through issuances of common stock or noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, which could cause dilution to our existing common shareholders. Though these trust preferred securities no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, we believe they continue to qualify as Tier 2 capital.

Common equity Tier 1 capital generally consists of common stock (plus related surplus) and retained earnings plus limited amounts of minority interest in the form of common stock, less goodwill and other specified intangible assets and other regulatory deductions.

The final rules allow banks and their holding companies with less than $250 billion in assets a one-time opportunity to opt-out of a requirement to include unrealized gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income in their capital calculation. Both Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank opted-out of this requirement.

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The application of more stringent capital requirements for Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank, like those adopted to implement the Basel III reforms, could, among other things, result in lower returns on invested capital, require the raising of additional capital, particularly in the form of common stock, and result in regulatory actions if we were to be unable to comply with such requirements. Furthermore, the imposition of liquidity requirements in connection with the implementation of Basel III either because we became subject to those requirements directly or because our regulators seek to propose additional on-balance sheet liquidity requirements on us, could result in our having to lengthen the term of our funding, restructure our business models and/or increase our holdings of liquid assets, which could adversely impact our results of operations.

Implementation of changes to asset risk weightings for risk based capital calculations, items included or deducted in calculating regulatory capital and/or additional capital conservation buffers could result in management modifying its business strategy and could limit our ability to make distributions, including paying dividends or buying back shares.

Our ability to maintain required capital levels and adequate sources of funding and liquidity could be impacted by changes in the capital markets and deteriorating economic and market conditions.

Federal and state bank regulators require Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank to maintain adequate levels of capital to support operations. At June 30, 2017, Pinnacle Financial’s and Pinnacle Bank’s regulatory capital ratios were at “well-capitalized” levels under regulatory guidelines. However, as described above, our business strategy calls for continued growth in our existing banking markets and targeted expansion in new markets. Growth in assets at rates in excess of the rate at which our capital is increased through retained earnings will reduce our capital ratios unless we continue to increase capital. Failure by us to meet applicable capital guidelines or to satisfy certain other regulatory requirements could subject us to a variety of enforcement remedies available to the federal regulatory authorities and would negatively impact our ability to pursue acquisitions or other expansion opportunities.

We may need to raise additional capital (including through the issuance of common stock) in the future to provide us with sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet our commitments and business needs or in connection with acquisitions. Our ability to maintain capital levels, sources of funding and liquidity could be impacted by changes in the capital markets and deteriorating economic and market conditions. Pinnacle Bank is required to obtain regulatory approval in order to pay dividends to Pinnacle Financial unless the amount of such dividends does not exceed its net income for that calendar year plus retained net income for the preceding two years. Any restriction on the ability of Pinnacle Bank to pay dividends to Pinnacle Financial could impact Pinnacle Financial’s ability to continue to pay dividends on its common stock or its ability to pay interest on its indebtedness.

We cannot assure you that access to capital will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Any occurrence that may limit our access to the capital markets may materially and adversely affect our capital costs and our ability to raise capital and/or debt and, in turn, our liquidity. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, our ability to expand through internal growth or acquisitions or to continue operations could be impaired.

Certain of our deposits and other funding sources may be volatile and impact our liquidity.

In addition to the traditional core deposits, such as demand deposit accounts, interest checking, money market savings and certificates of deposits less than $250,000, we utilize or in the past have utilized several noncore funding sources, such as brokered certificates of deposit, FHLB Cincinnati advances, federal funds purchased and other sources. Our reliance on noncore funding sources has increased as a result of the BNC merger, and it is likely to remain at elevated levels as we integrate BNC.

We utilize these noncore funding sources to fund the ongoing operations and growth of Pinnacle Bank. The availability of these noncore funding sources is subject to broad economic conditions, in some instances regulation, and to investor assessment of our financial strength and, as such, the cost of funds may fluctuate significantly and/or the availability of such funds may be restricted, thus impacting our net interest income, our immediate liquidity and/or our access to additional liquidity. We have somewhat similar risks to the extent high balance core deposits exceed the amount of deposit insurance coverage available.

We impose certain internal limits as to the absolute level of noncore funding we will incur at any point in time. Should we exceed those limitations, we may need to modify our growth plans, liquidate certain assets, participate loans to correspondents or execute other actions to allow for us to return to an acceptable level of noncore funding within a reasonable amount of time, any one of which actions could adversely affect our results of operations.

We are dependent on our information technology and telecommunications systems and third-party servicers, and systems failures, interruptions or breaches of security could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks. Although we take protective measures and endeavor to modify these systems as circumstances warrant, the security of our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to breaches, unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have a security impact. We provide our customers the ability to bank remotely, including over the Internet or through their mobile device. The secure transmission of confidential information is a critical element of remote and mobile banking. Our network could be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes, spam attacks, human error, natural disasters, power loss and other security breaches. We may be required to spend significant capital

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and other resources to protect against the threat of security breaches and computer viruses, or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches or viruses. To the extent that our activities or the activities of our customers involve the storage and transmission of confidential information, security breaches (including breaches of security of customer systems and networks) and viruses could expose us to claims, litigation and other possible liabilities. Any inability to prevent security breaches or computer viruses could also cause existing customers to lose confidence in our systems and could adversely affect our reputation, results of operations and ability to attract and maintain customers and businesses. In addition, a security breach could also subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability and cause reputational damage.

In addition, we outsource many of our major systems, such as data processing, loan servicing and deposit processing systems. The failure of these systems, or the termination of a third-party software license or service agreement on which any of these systems is based, could interrupt our operations. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such services exceeds capacity or such third-party systems fail or experience interruptions. If sustained or repeated, a system failure or service denial could result in a deterioration of our ability to process new and renewal loans, gather deposits and provide customer service, compromise our ability to operate effectively, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business and/or subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In connection with our acquisition of BNC, we intend to convert our core processing system in our legacy markets to that of BNC. If this conversion is delayed or we experience challenges in connection with the conversion, our ability to timely achieve the cost savings we anticipate from the BNC merger will be negatively affected. Moreover, complications in the conversion could negatively impact the experiences or satisfaction of our customers, which could cause those customers to terminate their relationship with us or reduce the amount of business that they do with us, either of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Environmental liability associated with commercial lending could result in losses.

In the course of business, Pinnacle Bank may acquire, through foreclosure, or deed in lieu of foreclosure, properties securing loans it has originated or purchased which are in default. Particularly in commercial real estate lending, there is a risk that hazardous substances could be discovered on these properties. In this event, we, or Pinnacle Bank, might be required to remove these substances from the affected properties at our sole cost and expense. The cost of this removal could substantially exceed the value of affected properties. We may not have adequate remedies against the prior owner or other responsible parties and could find it difficult or impossible to sell the affected properties. These events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

National or state legislation or regulation may increase our expenses and reduce earnings.

Bank regulators are increasing regulatory scrutiny, and additional restrictions (including those originating from the Dodd-Frank Act) on financial institutions have been proposed or adopted by regulators and by Congress. Changes in tax law, federal legislation, regulation or policies, such as bankruptcy laws, deposit insurance, consumer protection laws, and capital requirements, among others, can result in significant increases in our expenses and/or charge-offs, which may adversely affect our earnings. Changes in state or federal tax laws or regulations can have a similar impact. State and municipal governments, including the State of Tennessee, could seek to increase their tax revenues through increased tax levies which could have a meaningful impact on our results of operations. Furthermore, financial institution regulatory agencies are expected to continue to be aggressive in responding to concerns and trends identified in examinations, including the continued issuance of additional formal or informal enforcement or supervisory actions. These actions, whether formal or informal, could result in our agreeing to limitations or to take actions that limit our operational flexibility, restrict our growth or increase our capital or liquidity levels. Failure to comply with any formal or informal regulatory restrictions, including informal supervisory actions, could lead to further regulatory enforcement actions. Negative developments in the financial services industry and the impact of recently enacted or new legislation in response to those developments could negatively impact our operations by restricting our business operations, including our ability to originate or sell loans, and adversely impact our financial performance. In addition, industry, legislative or regulatory developments may cause us to materially change our existing strategic direction, capital strategies, compensation or operating plans.

A decline in our stock price or expected future cash flows, or a material adverse change in our results of operations or prospects, could result in impairment of our goodwill.

A significant and sustained decline in our stock price and market capitalization below book value, a significant decline in our expected future cash flows, a significant adverse change in the business climate, slower growth rates or other factors could result in impairment of our goodwill. At June 30, 2017, our goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets totaled approximately $1.86 billion. If we were to conclude that a write-down of our goodwill is necessary, then the appropriate charge would likely cause a material loss. Any significant loss would further adversely impact the capacity of Pinnacle Bank to pay dividends to us without

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seeking prior regulatory approval, which could adversely affect our ability to pay required interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness.

Competition with other banking institutions could adversely affect our profitability.

A number of banking institutions in our geographic markets have higher lending limits, more banking offices, and a larger market share of loans or deposits than we do. In addition, our asset management division competes with numerous brokerage firms and mutual fund companies which are also much larger. In some respects, this may place these competitors in a competitive advantage. This competition may limit or reduce our profitability, reduce our growth and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Inability to retain senior management and key employees or to attract new experienced financial services professionals could impair our relationship with our customers, reduce growth and adversely affect our business.

We have assembled a senior management team which has substantial background and experience in banking and financial services in our markets. Moreover, much of our organic loan growth in 2012 through the first half of 2017 (like the growth that we are seeking going forward) was the result of our ability to attract experienced financial services professionals who have been able to attract customers from other financial institutions. We anticipate deploying a similar hiring strategy in the Carolinas and Virginia. Inability to retain these key personnel (including key personnel of the businesses we have acquired) or to continue to attract experienced lenders with established books of business could negatively impact our growth because of the loss of these individuals’ skills and customer relationships and/or the potential difficulty of promptly replacing them. Moreover, the higher costs we have to pay to hire and retain these experienced individuals could cause our noninterest expense levels to rise and negatively impact our results of operations.

We are subject to certain litigation, and our expenses related to this litigation may adversely affect our results.

We are from time to time subject to certain litigation in the ordinary course of our business. We may also be subject to claims related to our loan servicing programs, particularly those involving servicing of commercial real estate loans. These claims and legal actions, as well as supervisory actions by our regulators, including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau of other regulatory agencies with which we deal, including those with oversight of our loan servicing programs, could involve large monetary claims and significant defense costs. The outcome of these cases is uncertain. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us could have material adverse financial effects or cause significant reputational harm to us, which in turn could seriously harm our business prospects.

Our business is dependent on technology, and an inability to invest in technological improvements may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. In addition to better serving customers, the effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to reduce costs. We have made significant investments in data processing, management information systems and internet banking accessibility. Our future success will depend in part upon our ability to create additional efficiencies in our operations through the use of technology. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We cannot make assurances that our technological improvements will increase our operational efficiency or that we will be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers.

We are subject to various statutes and regulations that may impose additional costs or limit our ability to take certain actions.

We operate in a highly regulated industry and are subject to examination, supervision, and comprehensive regulation by various regulatory agencies. Our compliance with these regulations is costly and restricts certain of our activities, including payment of dividends, mergers and acquisitions, investments, loans and interest rates charged on loans, interest rates paid on deposits and locations of offices. We are also subject to capital requirements established by our regulators, which require us to maintain specified levels of capital. It is possible that our FDIC assessments may increase in the future. Any future assessment increases could negatively impact our results of operations. Significant changes in laws and regulations applicable to the banking industry have been recently adopted and others are being considered in Congress. We cannot predict the effects of these changes on our business and profitability. Because government regulation greatly affects the business and financial results of commercial banks and bank holding companies, our cost of compliance could adversely affect our ability to operate profitably.

Our ability to declare and pay dividends is limited.

While our board of directors has approved the payment of a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock since the fourth quarter of 2013, there can be no assurance of whether or when we may pay dividends on our common stock in the future. Future dividends, if any, will be declared and paid at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors. Our principal source of funds used to pay cash dividends on our common stock will be dividends that we receive from Pinnacle Bank. Although Pinnacle

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Bank’s asset quality, earnings performance, liquidity and capital requirements will be taken into account before we declare or pay any future dividends on our common stock, our board of directors will also consider our liquidity and capital requirements and our board of directors could determine to declare and pay dividends without relying on dividend payments from Pinnacle Bank.

Federal and state banking laws and regulations and state corporate laws restrict the amount of dividends we may declare and pay and that Pinnacle Bank may declare and pay to us. For example, Federal Reserve Board regulations implementing the capital rules required under Basel III do not permit dividends unless capital levels exceed certain higher levels applying capital conservation buffers that began to apply on January 1, 2016 and are being phased in over three years. For more information on these restrictions see our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In addition, the terms of (i) the indenture pursuant to which our subordinated debentures have been issued, (ii) the subordinated notes we assumed upon consummation of the Avenue merger, and (iii) the subordinated debentures and subordinated notes we assumed upon the consummation of the merger with BNC, prohibit us from paying dividends on our common stock at times when we are deferring the payment of interest on such subordinated debentures or subordinated notes. Moreover, the terms of the loan agreement for Pinnacle Financial’s line of credit prohibits us from paying dividends when there is an event of default existing under the loan agreement, or the payment of a dividend would cause an event of default.

We may issue additional common stock or other equity securities in the future which could dilute the ownership interest of existing shareholders.

In order to maintain our or Pinnacle Bank’s capital at desired or regulatory-required levels, we may issue additional shares of common stock, or securities convertible into, exchangeable for or representing rights to acquire shares of common stock. We may sell these shares at prices below the current market price of shares, and the sale of these shares may significantly dilute shareholder ownership. We could also issue additional shares in connection with acquisitions of other financial institutions (as we did in connection with our acquisition of BNC) or investments in fee-related businesses such as BHG, which could also dilute shareholder ownership.

Holders of Pinnacle Financial’s and Pinnacle Bank’s indebtedness and junior subordinated debentures have rights that are senior to those of Pinnacle Financial’s shareholders.

At June 30, 2017, Pinnacle Financial had outstanding trust preferred securities and accompanying junior subordinated debentures totaling $133.0 million. Payments of the principal and interest on the trust preferred securities are conditionally guaranteed by Pinnacle Financial, and the accompanying subordinated debentures are senior to shares of Pinnacle Financial’s common stock. As a result, Pinnacle Financial must make payments on the subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities) before any dividends can be paid on common stock and, in the event of Pinnacle Financial’s bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of the subordinated debentures must be satisfied before any distributions can be made on Pinnacle Financial’s common stock. Pinnacle Financial has the right to defer distributions on its junior subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities) for up to five years, during which time no dividends may be paid on its common stock. If our financial condition deteriorates or if we do not receive required regulatory approvals, we may be required to defer distributions on our junior subordinated debentures.

From time to time, Pinnacle Financial and Pinnacle Bank have issued, and in connection with the Avenue merger and BNC merger, assumed, subordinated notes. At June 30, 2017, we and Pinnacle Bank had an aggregate of $332.4 million of subordinated notes outstanding, not including the subordinated debentures issued in connection with our trust preferred securities. The terms of these notes prohibit or will prohibit Pinnacle Financial or Pinnacle Bank, as applicable, from declaring or paying any dividends or distributions on its common stock at any time when payment of interest on these notes has not been timely made and while any such accrued and unpaid interest remains unpaid. Moreover, the notes we have issued or assumed rank senior to shares of Pinnacle Financial’s common stock. In the event of any bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation of Pinnacle Financial, these notes, along with Pinnacle Financial’s other indebtedness, would have to be repaid before Pinnacle Financial’s shareholders would be entitled to receive any of the assets of Pinnacle Financial.

Pinnacle Financial or Pinnacle Bank may from time to time issue additional subordinated indebtedness that would have to be repaid before Pinnacle Financial’s shareholders would be entitled to receive any of the assets of Pinnacle Financial or Pinnacle Bank.

Our issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect holders of our common stock.

We have the ability under our current registration statement to issue shares of preferred stock. Further, our shareholders authorized our board of directors to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock without any further action on the part of our shareholders. Our board also has the power, without shareholder approval, to set the terms of any series of preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights, preferences over our common stock with respect to dividends or in the event of a dissolution, liquidation or winding up, and other terms. In the event that we issue preferred stock in the future that has preference over our common stock with respect to payment of dividends or upon our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, or if we issue debt securities,

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incur other borrowings or issue preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of our common stock, the rights of the holders of our common stock or the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected.

Even though our common stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market’s Global Select Market, it has less liquidity than many other stocks quoted on a national securities exchange.

The trading volume in our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market has been relatively low when compared with larger companies listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or other stock exchanges. Although we have experienced increased liquidity in our stock, we cannot say with any certainty that a more active and liquid trading market for our common stock will continue to develop, even after we consummate the merger. Because of this, it may be more difficult for shareholders to sell a substantial number of shares for the same price at which shareholders could sell a smaller number of shares.

We cannot predict the effect, if any, that future sales of our common stock in the market, or the availability of shares of common stock for sale in the market, will have on the market price of our common stock. We can give no assurance that sales of substantial amounts of common stock in the market, or the potential for large amounts of sales in the market, would not cause the price of our common stock to decline or impair our future ability to raise capital through sales of our common stock.

The market price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly, and may fluctuate in the future. These fluctuations may be unrelated to our performance. General market or industry price declines or overall market volatility in the future could adversely affect the price of our common stock, and the current market price may not be indicative of future market prices.

Our corporate organizational documents and the provisions of Tennessee law to which we are subject contain certain provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, make more difficult or prevent an attempted acquisition of Pinnacle Financial that you may favor.

Our amended and restated charter, as amended, and bylaws, as amended, contain various provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, discourage or prevent an attempted acquisition or change of control of Pinnacle Financial. These provisions include:

•



		a provision requiring our board of directors to take into account specific factors when considering an acquisition proposal;

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		a provision that all extraordinary corporate transactions to which we are a party must be approved by a majority of the directors and a majority of the shares entitled to vote;

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		a provision that any special meeting of our shareholders may be called only by our president, our board of directors, or the holders of 25% of the outstanding shares of our voting stock; and

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		a provision establishing certain advance notice procedures for nomination of candidates for election as directors at an annual or special meeting of shareholders at which directors are elected.

Additionally, our amended and restated charter, as amended, authorizes the board of directors to issue shares of our preferred stock without shareholder approval and upon such terms as the board of directors may determine. The issuance of our preferred stock, while providing desirable flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions, financings, and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from acquiring, a controlling interest in us. In addition, certain provisions of Tennessee law, including a provision which restricts certain business combinations between a Tennessee corporation and certain affiliated shareholders, may delay, discourage or prevent an attempted acquisition or change in control of our company.

An investment in our common stock is not an insured deposit and is not guaranteed by the FDIC.

An investment in our common stock is not a bank deposit and, therefore, is not insured against loss or guaranteed by the FDIC, any other deposit insurance fund or by any other public or private entity. An investment in our common stock is inherently risky for the reasons described herein and our shareholders will bear the risk of loss if the value or market price of our common stock is adversely affected.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table discloses shares of our common stock repurchased during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

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Period	Total Number of Shares Repurchased ⁽¹⁾	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
April 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017	1,143	$	63.87	—	—
May 1, 2017 to May 31, 2017	3,166	61.04		—	—
June 1, 2017 to June 30, 2017	817	61.96		—	—
Total	5,126	$	61.83	—	—

______________________


(1)	During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, 16,690 shares of restricted stock previously awarded to certain of our associates vested. We withheld 5,126 shares to satisfy tax withholding requirements associated with the vesting of these restricted shares.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS



2.1		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 22, 2017, by and among Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc., BNC Bancorp and Blue Merger Sub, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 23, 2017).*
4.1		Form of Subordinated Indenture, dated as of September 30, 2014, between BNC Bancorp and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to BNC Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2014).
4.2		Form of First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 30, 2014, between BNC Bancorp and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to BNC Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2014).
4.3		BNC Bancorp Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 16, 2017, between Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 16, 2017).
4.4		Form of Global Note to represent 5.5% Subordinated Notes, due October 1, 2024, of BNC Bancorp (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to BNC Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2014).
10.1		Employment Agreement, effective June 16, 2017, by and among Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc., Pinnacle Bank, and Richard D. Callicutt II (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 16, 2017).**
10.2		Salary Continuation Agreement dated as of December 12, 2016, between Richard D. Callicutt II and Bank of North Carolina (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to BNC Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 16, 2017).**
10.3		BNC Bancorp 2013 Amended and Restated Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 16, 2017).**
31.1		Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
31.2		Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
32.1		Certification pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350 – Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2		Certification pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350 – Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Definition Linkbase Document

*		The Company has omitted schedules and similar attachments to the subject agreement pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company will furnish a copy of any omitted schedule or similar attachment to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
**		Management compensatory plan or arrangement

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



		PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC.

August 4, 2017		/s/ M. Terry Turner
		M. Terry Turner
		President and Chief Executive Officer

August 4, 2017		/s/ Harold R. Carpenter
		Harold R. Carpenter
		Chief Financial Officer

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Part I. Financial Information Note 1. Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Note 2. Acquisitions Note 3. Equity Method Investment Note 4. Securities Note 5. Loans and Allowance For Loan Losses Note 6. Income Taxes Note 7. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities Note 8. Stock Options and Restricted Shares Note 9. Derivative Instruments Note 10. Fair Value Of Financial Instruments Note 11. Regulatory Matters Note 12. Subordinated Debt and Other Borrowings Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II. Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

PNFP 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2017

Exhibits