PRAA 10-Q Quarterly Report March 31, 2025

PRA GROUP INC

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praa-20250331

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

☐ Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 000-50058

PRA Group, Inc .

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

75-3078675

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

120 Corporate Boulevard

Norfolk , Virginia 23502

(Address of principal executive offices)

( 888 ) 772-7326

(Registrant's Telephone No., including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	PRAA	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ

The number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding as of May 1, 2025 was 39,658,699 .

PRA Group, Inc.

Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS


P ART I. F INANCIAL INFORMATION		Page

Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Consolidated Income Statements	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
	Note 1. Organization and Business	8

	Note 2. Finance Receivables, net	8
	Note 3. Investments	10
	Note 4. Goodwill	10

	Note 5. Borrowings	11
	Note 6. Derivatives	11
	Note 7. Fair Value	12
	Note 8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	14
	Note 9. Earnings per Share	14
	Note 10. Income Taxes	14
	Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies	15
	Note 12. Segments	15
	Note 13. Recently Issued Accounting Standards	15
	Note 14. Subsequent Events	16
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	34
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	34

P ART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	35
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	35
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	35
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	35
Item 5.	Other Information	35
Item 6.	Exhibits	35

Signatures		36

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024

(In thousands)


	(unaudited)
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	128,654	$	105,938

Investments	70,155		66,304
Finance receivables, net	4,308,334		4,140,742

Income taxes receivable	23,456		19,559
Deferred tax assets, net	80,282		75,134
Right-of-use assets	27,166		32,173
Property and equipment, net	27,036		29,498
Goodwill	420,715		396,357
Other assets	62,271		65,450
Total assets	$	5,148,069	$	4,931,155
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and accounts payable	$	103,111	$	141,211

Income taxes payable	29,346		28,584
Deferred tax liabilities, net	19,663		16,813
Lease liabilities	30,884		36,437
Interest-bearing deposits	187,717		163,406
Borrowings	3,466,075		3,326,621
Other liabilities	30,755		24,476
Total liabilities	3,867,551		3,737,548

Equity
Preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value, 2,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $ 0.01 par value; 100,000 shares authorized, 39,652 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025; 100,000 shares authorized, 39,510 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024	397		395
Additional paid-in capital	19,816		17,882
Retained earnings	1,563,808		1,560,149
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	( 364,913 )		( 443,394 )
Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group, Inc.	1,219,108		1,135,032
Noncontrolling interests	61,410		58,575
Total equity	1,280,518		1,193,607
Total liabilities and equity	$	5,148,069	$	4,931,155

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Income Statements

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Revenues
Portfolio income	$	240,958	$	202,056
Changes in expected recoveries	27,922		51,674
Total portfolio revenue	268,880		253,730
Other revenue	739		1,856
Total revenues	269,619		255,586

Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits	73,323		73,597
Legal collection costs	33,394		26,691
Legal collection fees	15,230		12,112
Agency fees	21,368		19,723
Professional and outside services	21,103		25,050
Communication	10,477		12,578
Rent and occupancy	3,480		4,144
Depreciation, amortization and impairment	3,769		2,720
Other operating expenses	12,898		12,575

Total operating expenses	195,042		189,190
Income from operations	74,577		66,396
Other income/(expense)

Interest expense, net	( 60,970 )		( 52,278 )

Foreign exchange (loss)/gain, net	( 51 )		227
Other	( 180 )		( 206 )
Income before income taxes	13,376		14,139

Income tax expense	4,312		2,386
Net income	9,064		11,753
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	5,405		8,278
Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	3,659	$	3,475

Net income per common share attributable to PRA Group, Inc.
Basic	$	0.09	$	0.09
Diluted	$	0.09	$	0.09
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic	39,549		39,274
Diluted	39,688		39,448

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

(In thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Net income	$	9,064	$	11,753
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	85,298		( 48,191 )
Cash flow hedges	( 1,942 )		2,808
Debt securities available-for-sale	( 181 )		46
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	83,175		( 45,337 )
Total comprehensive income/(loss)	92,239		( 33,584 )
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	10,099		6,059
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	82,140	$	( 39,643 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

(In thousands)

(unaudited)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In		Retained		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Noncontrolling		Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Loss		Interests		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2024	39,510	$	395	$	17,882	$	1,560,149	$	( 443,394 )	$	58,575	$	1,193,607
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax
Net income	—	—		—		3,659		—		5,405		9,064
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		80,604		4,694		85,298
Cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		( 1,942 )		—		( 1,942 )
Debt securities available-for-sale	—	—		—		—		( 181 )		—		( 181 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—	—		—		—		—		( 7,264 )		( 7,264 )
Vesting of restricted stock	142	2		( 2 )		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		3,788		—		—		—		3,788
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes	—	—		( 1,852 )		—		—		—		( 1,852 )
Balance as of March 31, 2025	39,652	$	397	$	19,816	$	1,563,808	$	( 364,913 )	$	61,410	$	1,280,518


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In		Retained		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Noncontrolling		Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Loss		Interests		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2023	39,247	$	392	$	7,071	$	1,489,548	$	( 329,899 )	$	72,264	$	1,239,376
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax
Net income	—	—		—		3,475		—		8,278		11,753
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		( 45,973 )		( 2,218 )		( 48,191 )
Cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		2,808		—		2,808
Debt securities available-for-sale	—	—		—		—		46		—		46
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—	—		—		—		—		( 11,332 )		( 11,332 )
Vesting of restricted stock	98	1		( 1 )		—		—		—		—

Share-based compensation expense	—	—		3,327		—		—		—		3,327
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes	—	—		( 1,469 )		—		—		—		( 1,469 )
Balance as of March 31, 2024	39,345	$	393	$	8,928	$	1,493,023	$	( 373,018 )	$	66,992	$	1,196,318

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

(In thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	9,064	$	11,753
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation	3,788		3,327
Depreciation, amortization and impairment	3,769		2,720



Amortization of debt premium and issuance costs	1,901		2,200
Changes in expected recoveries	( 27,922 )		( 51,674 )

Deferred income taxes	786		( 6,487 )
Net unrealized foreign currency transaction gain	( 5,480 )		( 9,689 )

Other	1,291		406

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets	956		1,216

Accrued expenses, accounts payable and other liabilities	( 40,733 )		( 26,771 )




Net cash used in operating activities	( 52,580 )		( 72,999 )
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment, net	( 900 )		( 495 )

Purchases of nonperforming loan portfolios	( 289,595 )		( 245,817 )
Recoveries collected and applied to Finance receivables, net	265,118		251,660
Purchases of investments	( 47,733 )		( 48,247 )
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments	48,725		58,110



Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities	( 24,385 )		15,211
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from lines of credit	190,826		153,171
Principal payments on lines of credit	( 99,923 )		( 86,435 )
Principal payments on long-term debt	( 2,500 )		( 5,000 )





Payments of origination costs and fees	( 878 )		( 117 )
Tax withholdings related to share-based payments	( 1,852 )		( 1,469 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	( 7,264 )		( 11,332 )


Net increase in interest-bearing deposits	7,221		4,004


Net cash provided by financing activities	85,630		52,822
Effect of foreign exchange rates	14,216		861
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	22,881		( 4,105 )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	107,431		113,692
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	130,312	$	109,587

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	86,878	$	76,677
Cash paid for income taxes	6,505		8,616
Reconciliation to Balance Sheet accounts
Cash and cash equivalents	$	128,654	$	108,100
Restricted cash included in Other assets	1,658		1,487
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	130,312	$	109,587

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and Business

As used herein, the terms "PRA Group," the "Company," or similar terms refer to PRA Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Nature of operations

PRA Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia, is a global financial services company with operations in the Americas, Europe and Australia. The Company's primary business is the purchase, collection and management of portfolios of nonperforming loans. The Company also purchases and provides fee-based services for class action claims recoveries in the United States ("U.S.").

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and the instructions for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items, necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of PRA Group and other entities in which the Company has a controlling interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosures. Realized results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements may not be indicative of future results and should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the "2024 Form 10-K").

Prior period reclassifications

In the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation.

Note 2. Finance Receivables, net

Finance receivables, net consisted of the following as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Amortized cost	$	—	$	—
Negative allowance for expected recoveries	4,308,334		4,140,742
Balance as of end of period	$	4,308,334	$	4,140,742

Changes in Finance receivables, net by portfolio type for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
	Core		Insolvency		Total		Core		Insolvency		Total
Balance as of beginning of period	$	3,809,723	$	331,019	$	4,140,742	$	3,295,214	$	361,384	$	3,656,598
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries on current period purchases (1)	273,893		17,809		291,702		218,657		27,160		245,817
Recoveries collected and applied to Finance receivables, net (2)	( 231,483 )		( 33,635 )		( 265,118 )		( 215,216 )		( 36,444 )		( 251,660 )
Changes in expected recoveries (3)	26,325		1,597		27,922		49,564		2,110		51,674
Foreign currency translation adjustment	108,406		4,680		113,086		( 50,127 )		( 2,107 )		( 52,234 )
Balance as of end of period	$	3,986,864	$	321,470	$	4,308,334	$	3,298,092	$	352,103	$	3,650,195

(1) Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries on current period purchases

The initial negative allowance for expected recoveries on current period purchases for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
	Core		Insolvency		Total		Core		Insolvency		Total
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition	$	( 1,417,971 )	$	( 73,592 )	$	( 1,491,563 )	$	( 1,258,589 )	$	( 73,614 )	$	( 1,332,203 )
Writeoffs, net	1,417,971		73,592		1,491,563		1,258,589		73,614		1,332,203
Expected recoveries	273,893		17,809		291,702		218,657		27,160		245,817
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries on current period purchases	$	273,893	$	17,809	$	291,702	$	218,657	$	27,160	$	245,817

The purchase price on current period purchases for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
	Core		Insolvency		Total		Core		Insolvency		Total
Face value	$	1,966,064	$	101,474	$	2,067,538	$	1,708,631	$	114,216	$	1,822,847
Noncredit discount	( 274,200 )		( 10,073 )		( 284,273 )		( 231,385 )		( 13,442 )		( 244,827 )
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition	( 1,417,971 )		( 73,592 )		( 1,491,563 )		( 1,258,589 )		( 73,614 )		( 1,332,203 )
Purchase price	$	273,893	$	17,809	$	291,702	$	218,657	$	27,160	$	245,817

(2) Recoveries collected and applied to Finance receivables, net

Recoveries collected and applied to Finance receivables, net for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
	Core		Insolvency		Total		Core		Insolvency		Total
Recoveries collected (a)	$	460,969	$	45,107	$	506,076	$	406,313	$	47,403	$	453,716
Amounts reclassified to portfolio income (b)	( 229,486 )		( 11,472 )		( 240,958 )		( 191,097 )		( 10,959 )		( 202,056 )
Recoveries collected and applied to Finance receivables, net	$	231,483	$	33,635	$	265,118	$	215,216	$	36,444	$	251,660

(a) Includes cash collections, buybacks and other cash-based adjustments.

(b) Reclassifications from Finance receivables, net to Portfolio income based on the effective interest rate of the underlying account pools.

(3) Changes in expected recoveries

Changes in expected recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
	Core		Insolvency		Total		Core		Insolvency		Total
Recoveries collected in excess of forecast	$	14,290	$	2,210	$	16,500	$	33,919	$	1,919	$	35,838
Changes in expected future recoveries	12,035		( 613 )		11,422		15,646		190		15,836
Changes in expected recoveries	$	26,325	$	1,597	$	27,922	$	49,565	$	2,109	$	51,674

Expected recoveries are calculated by applying discounted cash flow methodologies to estimated remaining collections ("ERC"), with income recognized over the estimated life of each pool at the constant effective interest rate. For additional information about these methodologies, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 Form 10-K.

Changes in expected recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $ 27.9 million, which included $ 16.5 million in recoveries collected in excess of forecast (cash collections overperformance) and $ 11.4 million in changes in expected future recoveries. Recoveries collected in excess of forecast were largely due to cash collections overperformance in Europe and Brazil, partially offset by underperformance in the Americas. Changes in expected future recoveries were primarily due to the impact of increases to the Company's collections forecasts on certain U.S. Core and European pools.

Changes in expected recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were $ 51.7 million. This increase was primarily due to $ 35.8 million in recoveries collected in excess of forecast (cash collections overperformance), due largely to collections performance in the U.S., driven by the impact of the Company's cash-generating initiatives and supplemented by tax refund seasonality, as well as collections performance in Brazil and Europe. The changes in expected future recoveries of $ 15.8 million reflect the Company's assessment of certain pools in Europe, Brazil and the U.S., resulting in increases to the expected cash flows.

Note 3. Investments

Investments consisted of the following as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024


Debt securities



Available-for-sale	$	60,668	$	55,762


Equity securities
Private equity funds	1,719		1,848
Equity method investment	7,768		8,694

Total investments	$	70,155	$	66,304

Debt securities

As of March 31, 2025, the Company's debt securities consisted of Swedish treasury securities maturing within one year. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost and fair value of these investments were as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Aggregate Fair Value			Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Aggregate Fair Value



Debt securities	$	60,643	$	25	$	60,668		$	55,556	$	206	$	55,762

Equity method investment

The Company's equity method investment consisted of its 11.7 % interest in RCB Investimentos S.A. ("RCB"), a servicing company for nonperforming loans in Brazil. On January 2, 2025, the Company exercised its right to sell its interest in RCB. Refer to Note 1 4 for additional information.

Note 4. Goodwill

Changes in goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Balance as of beginning of period	$	396,357	$	431,564






Foreign currency translation	24,358		( 19,718 )
Balance as of end of period	$	420,715	$	411,846

The Company performs an annual review of goodwill as of October 1 of each year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. The Company performed a quarterly assessment by evaluating whether any triggering events had occurred as of March 31, 2025 , which included consideration of market conditions, and determined that goodwill was not more-likely-than-not impaired.

Note 5. Borrowings

Borrowings consisted of the following as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
North American revolving credit facility (1)	$	621,495	$	519,519
North American term loan (2)	467,611		470,111
United Kingdom revolving credit facility (3)	474,091		494,185
European revolving credit facility (4)	615,133		555,726
Credit facility borrowings	2,178,330		2,039,541
2028 senior notes	398,000		398,000
2029 senior notes	350,000		350,000
2030 senior notes	550,000		550,000
Senior notes	1,298,000		1,298,000
Credit facility borrowings and senior notes	3,476,330		3,337,541
Unamortized debt premium and issuance costs, net	( 10,255 )		( 10,920 )
Total borrowings	$	3,466,075	$	3,326,621

(1) Revolving credit facility under the Company's North American credit agreement with a combined domestic and Canadian limit of $ 1.1 billion (subject to the borrowing base and debt covenants, including advance rates), maturing on October 28, 2029.

(2) Term loan under t he Company's North American credit agreement, with a final maturity date of October 28, 2029.

(3) Revolving credit facility with a limit of $ 725.0 million (subject to the borrowing base and debt covenants, including advance rates), maturing on October 30, 2029.

(4) Revolving credit facility with an aggregate limit of approximately € 730.0 million (subject to the borrowing base and debt covenants, including advance rates), maturing on November 23, 2027.

For additional information about the North American revolving credit facility and term loan, United Kingdom revolving credit facility, European revolving credit facility and the Company's senior notes, refer to Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 Form 10-K. Th e Company was in compliance with the covenants contained in its financing arrangements as of March 31, 2025 .

Note 6. Derivatives

The Company periodically enters into interest rate swaps and foreign exchange contracts to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on variable-rate debt and foreign currency exchange rates. The fair value of these instruments as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):

March 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Designated as hedging instruments:

Interest rate swaps

Other assets

6,896

Other assets

8,514

Interest rate swaps

Other liabilities

5,664

Other liabilities

4,797

Not designated as hedging instruments:

Foreign exchange contracts

Other assets

1,879

Other assets

2,209

Foreign exchange contracts

Other liabilities

206

Other liabilities

166

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

The effects of interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedging instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Gain recognized in OCI, net of tax
	Three Months Ended March 31,
Hedging instrument	2025		2024
Interest rate swaps	$	76	$	7,070

	Gain reclassified from OCI into income
	Three Months Ended March 31,
Income statement location	2025		2024
Interest expense, net	$	2,663	$	5,674

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the notional amount of outstanding interest rate swaps w as $ 826.7 million and $ 800.7 million, respectively. These swaps remained highly effective as of March 31, 2025 and have remaining ter ms ranging from two months to five years . As of March 31, 2025, t he Company estimat es that $ 2.6 million of net derivative gains included in other comprehensive income ("OCI") w ill be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

The effects of foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):



			Three Months Ended March 31,
Income statement location		2025			2024
	Foreign exchange (loss)/gain, net		$	1,494		$	100
	Interest expense, net		( 151 )			192

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the notional amount of outstanding foreign exchange contracts w as $ 408.7 million and $ 376.4 million, respectively.

Note 7. Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Financial instruments carried at fair value

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in thousands):


	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
March 31, 2025
Assets

Government securities	$	60,668	$	—	$	—	$	60,668


Derivatives (1)	—		8,775		—		8,775
Liabilities
Derivatives (1)	—		5,870		—		5,870


December 31, 2024
Assets

Government securities	$	55,762	$	—	$	—	$	55,762


Derivatives (1)	—		10,723		—		10,723
Liabilities
Derivatives (1)	—		4,963		—		4,963

(1) Fair value of derivatives is estimated using industry standard valuation models, which project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to present value using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves and other factors.

Financial instruments not carried at fair value

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value and carrying amount of financial instruments not carried at fair value were as follows (in thousands):


	Estimated Fair Value
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Carrying Value
March 31, 2025
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	128,654	$	—	$	—	$	128,654


Finance receivables, net (1)	—		—		3,774,107		4,308,334
Financial liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits (2)	—		187,717		—		187,717
Revolving lines of credit (3)	—		1,710,719		—		1,710,719
Term loan (3) (5)	—		467,611		—		467,611
Senior notes (4) (5)	—		1,305,642		—		1,298,000
December 31, 2024
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	105,938	$	—	$	—	$	105,938


Finance receivables, net (1)	—		—		3,523,949		4,140,742
Financial liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits (2)	—		163,406		—		163,406
Revolving lines of credit (3)	—		1,569,430		—		1,569,430
Term loan (3) (5)	—		470,111		—		470,111
Senior notes (4) (5)	—		1,301,244		—		1,298,000

(1) Fair value is estimated using the proprietary pricing models the Company utilizes to make portfolio acquisition decisions.

(2) Fair value is based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets and approximates carrying value due to the short-term deposit periods.

(3) Fair value is based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets and approximates carrying value due to the short-term interest rate periods.

(4) Fair value is based on quoted market prices obtained from secondary market broker quotes.

(5) The carrying amounts and fair values do not include debt issuance costs.

Note 8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, were as follows (in thousands):


		Three Months Ended March 31,
Cash flow hedges	Income Statement location	2025		2024
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net	$	2,663	$	5,674
Income tax effect (1)	Income tax expense	( 645 )		( 1,413 )
Total gain on cash flow hedges		$	2,018	$	4,261

(1) Income tax effects are released from Accumulated other comprehensive loss contemporaneously with the related gross pretax amount.

Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, after tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025								2024
	Debt Securities		Cash		Currency		Accumulated		Debt Securities		Cash		Currency		Accumulated
	Available-for-sale		Flow Hedges		Translation Adjustments		Other Comp. Loss		Available-for-sale		Flow Hedges		Translation Adjustments		Other Comp. Loss (1)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	205	$	2,111	$	( 445,710 )	$	( 443,394 )	$	65	$	6,597	$	( 336,561 )	$	( 329,899 )
Other comprehensive gain/(loss) before reclassifications	( 181 )		76		80,604		80,499		46		7,070		( 45,973 )		( 38,857 )
Reclassifications, net	—		( 2,018 )		—		( 2,018 )		—		( 4,262 )		—		( 4,262 )
Net current period other comprehensive gain/(loss)	( 181 )		( 1,942 )		80,604		78,481		46		2,808		( 45,973 )		( 43,119 )
Balance as of end of period	$	24	$	169	$	( 365,106 )	$	( 364,913 )	$	111	$	9,405	$	( 382,534 )	$	( 373,018 )

(1) Net of deferred taxes for unrealized (gains)/losses from cash flow hedges of $( 3.1 ) million.

Note 9. Earnings per Share

The following tables provide a reconciliation between basic earnings per share ("EPS") and diluted EPS f or the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025					2024
	Net Income Attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS		Net Income Attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS
Basic EPS	$	3,659	39,549	$	0.09	$	3,475	39,274	$	0.09
Dilutive effect of nonvested share awards			139	—				174	—

Diluted EPS	$	3,659	39,688	$	0.09	$	3,475	39,448	$	0.09

Basic EPS are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders of PRA Group, Inc. by weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS are computed using the same components as basic EPS, with the denominator adjusted for nonvested share awards, if dilutive. Share-based awards that are contingent upon the attainment of performance goals are included in the computation of diluted EPS if the effect is dilutive.

Note 10. Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Income before income taxes	$	13,376		$	14,139
Income tax expense	4,312			$	2,386
Effective tax rate	32.2		%	16.9		%

The relationship between Income before income taxes and Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was impacted by changes in the mix of income from different taxing jurisdictions and the timing of certain discrete items .

Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies

Forward flow agreements;

The Company enters into forward flow agreements for the purchase of nonperforming loans. These agreements typically have terms ranging from six to 12 months, or they can be open-ended, and establish purchase prices and specific criteria for the accounts to be purchased. Some of the agreements establish a volume reference for the contract term in the form of a target or maximum, however, very few agreements establish a minimum contractual obligation, and many of the contracts contain early termination provisions allowing either party to cancel the agreements in accordance with a specified notice period. The amounts purchased are also dependent on actual delivery by the sellers, and while purchases under these agreements comprise a significant portion of the Company's overall purchases, as of March 31, 2025, the estimated minimum contractual purchase obligation under forward flow agreements was not significant.

Litigation and regulatory matters:

The Company and its subsidiaries are from time-to-time subject to a variety of legal and regulatory claims, inquiries and proceedings and regulatory matters, including those described in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 Form 10-K. The Company accrues for potential liability arising from legal proceedings and regulatory matters when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These estimates involve significant judgment, and accordingly, the Company's estimates will change from time-to-time, and actual losses could exceed the current estimates. As of March 31, 2025, there were no material developments in any of the previously disclosed legal proceedings .

Note 12. Segments

The Company has determined that it is managed on a consolidated basis under a single operating segment, Accounts Receivable Management ("ARM"), and accordingly, it has one reportable segment. The ARM segment is comprised of the Company's primary business, Debt Buying and Collection ("DBC"), which generates revenue through the purchase, collection and management of portfolios of nonperforming loans, and Claims Compensation Bureau, LLC ("CCB"), which generates revenue through the purchase of, and provision of fee-based services for, class action claims recoveries in the U.S. The chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is the Company’s chief executive officer, who assesses performance based on the Company's consolidated results prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Segment revenue, significant segment expenses and profit or loss

ARM segment revenue is presented in the Company's Consolidated Income Statements under Total revenues. Significant segment expenses regularly considered by the CODM are those most directly related to the Company's revenue generating activities, including Compensation and benefits, Legal collection costs, Legal collection fees, Agency fees, Professional and outside services and Communication. All other operating expenses appearing in the Consolidated Income Statements constitute other segment items. ARM segment profit or loss is presented in the Company's Consolidated Income Statements under Net Income/(loss) attributable to PRA Group, Inc.

Segment assets

ARM segment assets are presented in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets under Total assets.

Other significant segment items

Other significant segment items not presented in the Company's Consolidated Income Statements or Consolidated Balance Sheets for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Interest expense	$	63,394	$	54,359
Interest income	2,424		2,081
Depreciation and amortization	2,938		2,720


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Equity method investment	7,768		8,694

Note 13. Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted:

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-09"), which requires enhanced annual disclosures with respect to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact ASU 2023-09 will have on its disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses" ("ASU 2024-03"). Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03. ASU 2024-03 provides guidance that will expand disclosures related to the disaggregation of income statement expenses and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, on a retrospective or prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact these ASUs will have on its disclosures .

Note 14. Subsequent Events

On January 2, 2025, the Company exercised its right to sell its remaining 11.7 % interest in RCB. The sale was completed in April 2025, and based on the foreign exchange rate in April, the Company estimates that it will record a pre-tax gain on the sale of approximately $ 38.0 million in its Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended June 30, 2025.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

All references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report") to "PRA Group," "we," "our," "us," "the Company" or similar terms are to PRA Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

This Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 ("2024 10-K"). See Frequently Used Terms at the end of this Item 2 for certain definitions that may be used in this Quarterly Report.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements as defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including statements regarding cash collection trends, operating cost trends, liquidity and capital needs and other statements of expectations, beliefs, future plans, strategies and anticipated events or trends. Our results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, or our forward-looking statements could be wrong, as a result of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the following:

• volatility and uncertainty in general business and economic conditions or financial markets, including the impact of tariffs and tariff speculation on our customers;

• our ability to purchase a sufficient volume of nonperforming loans at favorable pricing;

• our ability to collect sufficient amounts on our nonperforming loans to fund our operations;

• a disruption or failure by any of our outsourcing, offshoring or other third-party service providers to meet their obligations and our service level expectations;

• our ability to achieve the expected benefits of offshoring a portion of our collection and related support activities;

• our ability to successfully implement our cash-generating and cost savings initiatives in our United States ("U.S.") business;

• disruptions of business operations caused by cybersecurity incidents or the failure of information technology infrastructure, networks or communication systems;

• our ability to effectively utilize artificial intelligence ("AI");

• changes in accounting standards and their interpretations;

• the occurrence of goodwill impairment charges;

• loss contingency accruals that are inadequate to cover actual losses;

• our ability to manage risks associated with our international operations;

• changes in local, state, federal or international laws or the interpretation of these laws, including tax, bankruptcy and collection laws;

• our ability to comply with existing and new regulations in the collections industry;

• changes in tax provisions or exposure to additional tax liabilities;

• investigations, reviews, or enforcement actions by governmental authorities, including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB");

• our ability to comply with data privacy regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR");

• adverse outcomes in pending litigation or administrative proceedings;

• our ability to retain, expand, renegotiate or replace our credit facilities and our ability to comply with the covenants under our financing arrangements;

• our ability to manage our capital and liquidity needs effectively, including as a result of changes in credit or capital markets or adverse changes in our credit ratings, whether due to concerns about our industry in general, the financial condition of our competitors, or other factors;

• changes in interest or exchange rates;

• default by, or failure of, one or more of our counterparty financial institutions; and

• the "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of our 2024 Form 10-K and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

You should assume that the information appearing in this Quarterly Report is accurate only as of the date it was issued. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date. The future events, developments or results described in, or implied by, this Quarterly Report could turn out to be materially different. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report and you should not expect us to do so.

SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA


As of or for the period ended (in thousands, except per share, ratio, headcount data or where otherwise noted)	First Quarter
	2025			2024			% Change
Income statement
Portfolio income	$	240,958		$	202,056		19.3	%

Changes in expected recoveries	27,922			51,674			(46.0)
Total revenues	269,619			255,586			5.5
Total operating expenses	195,042			189,190			3.1

Interest expense, net	60,970			52,278			16.6

Income before income taxes	13,376			14,139			(5.4)
Income tax expense	4,312			2,386			80.7

Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	3,659			3,475			5.3

Performance data and ratios
Net income/(loss) attributable to PRA Group (last 12 months)	$	70,785		$	(21,373)		431.2	%
Adjusted EBITDA (last 12 months) (1)	1,183,992			1,043,534			13.5
Cash efficiency ratio (2)	60.8		%	58.0		%


Return on average Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group (3)	1.2			1.2
Return on average tangible equity (4)	1.9			1.9
Common share data
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.09		$	0.09		—	%
Diluted average common shares outstanding	39,688			39,448			0.6

Portfolio volumes
Portfolio purchases	$	291,702		$	245,817		18.7	%
Cash collections	497,436			449,518			10.7
Estimated remaining collections (period-end)	7,805,132			6,498,172			20.1
Balance sheet (period-end)
Finance receivables, net	$	4,308,334		$	3,650,195		18.0	%
Borrowings	3,466,075			2,953,048			17.4
Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group, Inc.	1,219,108			1,129,326			8.0
Credit facility availability (period-end)
Based on current ERC	$	537,839		$	366,927		46.6	%
Additional availability	381,083			855,211			(55.4)
Total availability	918,922			1,222,138			(24.8)
Headcount (period-end)
Full-time equivalents	2,991			3,119			(4.1)	%

(1) Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA") is a non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of Net Income attributable to PRA Group, Inc., the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA.

(2) Calculated by dividing cash receipts less operating expenses by cash receipts.

(3) Calculated by dividing annualized Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc., by average Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group, Inc. for the period.

(4) Return on average tangible equity ("ROATE") is a non-GAAP financial measure. Average tangible equity is also a non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group, Inc., the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with GAAP, to average tangible equity.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

We are a global financial services company with operations in the Americas, Europe and Australia. Our primary business is the purchase, collection and management of portfolios of nonperforming loans.

Q1 2025 overview

• Portfolio purchases of $291.7 million, an increase of 18.7% compared to Q1 2024.

• ERC of $7.8 billion as of March 31, 2025, increases of 4.6% compared to December 31, 2024 and 20.1% compared to March 31, 2024.

• Cash collections of $497.4 million, an increase of 10.7% compared to Q1 2024.

• Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc. of $3.7 million, an increase of 5.3% compared to Q1 2024.

• Diluted earnings per share of $0.09, unchanged from Q1 2024.

With continued focus on disciplined buying, higher cash generation and cost management, the first quarter of 2025 reflected significant growth in portfolio purchases, double-digit cash collections growth and attainment of record ERC. Cash collections overperformance in our European and South American businesses was partially offset by collections underperformance in the U.S., and combined with a moderated level of Changes in expected recoveries, Q1 2025 net income was lower compared to recent quarters. Similar to previous quarters, approximately half of our Q1 2025 cash collections were generated from outside the U.S., and we believe that a key part of the resiliency of our business continues to be our global diversification.

U.S.

In the U.S., we purchased $161.0 million of portfolios during Q1 2025, and we expect portfolio supply to remain at elevated levels in 2025. U.S. Core cash collections increased 19.7% to $240.5 million in Q1 2025, driven by higher recent purchasing levels and the impact of our cash-generating initiatives, but were below our expectations. We remain focused on reducing cycle times and optimizing post-judgment activities in our legal collections channel, and together with higher recent purchasing levels, these actions helped drive U.S. legal collections of $111.2 million, a 32.6% increase compared to Q1 2024.

In our U.S. non-legal operations, we enhanced our customer reach and engagement, implemented new dialer strategies, improved offer strategies to accommodate customer needs and experienced a significant increase in our digital interactions. Additionally, we completed the consolidation of three of our U.S. call centers in May, retaining more of our tenured collectors than anticipated under our work from home program.

Europe

In Europe, we purchased $113.2 million of portfolios during Q1 2025, an increase of $64.2 million compared to Q1 2024, due in part to a large spot purchase, and we expect relatively stable portfolio supply for the remainder of the year. Cash collections in Europe overperformed our expectations, increasing 10.8% to $185.6 million in Q1 2025.

Brazil

In April 2025, we completed the sale of our remaining 11.7% interest in RCB Investimentos S.A. ("RCB"), a servicing company for nonperforming loans in Brazil. The estimated pre-tax gain on the sale of approximately $38.0 million, based on the foreign exchange rate in April, will be reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements for the second quarter of 2025, and the proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes. This transaction did not impact our majority ownership interests in the Brazilian investment funds through which we make our investments, and we expect to continue making portfolio investments in Brazil through our ongoing relationships with RCB and other long-term partners.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three months ended March 31, 2025 ("First Quarter 2025" or "Q1 2025") compared to three months ended March 31, 2024 ("First Quarter 2024" or "Q1 2024").

Portfolio purchases

Portfolio purchases were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	First Quarter
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Americas and Australia Core	$	165,503	$	174,660	$	(9,157)	(5.2)	%
Americas Insolvency	12,953		22,156		(9,203)		(41.5)
Total Americas and Australia	178,456		196,816		(18,360)		(9.3)
Europe Core	108,390		43,997		64,393		146.4
Europe Insolvency	4,856		5,004		(148)		(3.0)
Total Europe	113,246		49,001		64,245		131.1
Total portfolio purchases	$	291,702	$	245,817	$	45,885	18.7	%

Total portfolio purchases were $291.7 million in Q1 2025, an increase of $45.9 million, or 18.7%, compared to $245.8 million in Q1 2024. The increase in Europe portfolio purchases of $64.2 million was partially offset by the decrease in Americas and Australia purchases of $18.4 million. Our portfolio purchases reflect our global framework that seeks to optimize our deployment of capital to achieve appropriate returns and take advantage of opportunities in our markets.

Cash collections

Cash collections were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	First Quarter
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Americas and Australia Core	$	288,160	$	256,861	$	31,299	12.2	%
Americas Insolvency	23,700		25,209		(1,509)		(6.0)
Total Americas and Australia	311,860		282,070		29,790		10.6
Europe Core	164,371		145,933		18,438		12.6
Europe Insolvency	21,205		21,515		(310)		(1.4)
Total Europe	185,576		167,448		18,128		10.8
Total cash collections	$	497,436	$	449,518	$	47,918	10.7	%

Total cash collections were $497.4 million in Q1 2025, an increase of $47.9 million, or 10.7%, compared to $449.5 million in Q1 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase in U.S. Core cash collections of $39.6 million, mainly due to higher volumes in our legal collections channel, as well as an increase in collections from our non-legal channels due to higher recent purchasing levels. In Europe, higher recent purchasing levels helped drive increased cash collections of $18.1 million, spread broadly across most of our markets. These increases were partially offset by a $10.6 million decrease in cash collections in Brazil, due in large part to variation in the foreign exchange rate and lower recent purchasing levels.

Portfolio revenue

Portfolio revenue was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	First Quarter
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Portfolio income	$	240,958	$	202,056	$	38,902	19.3	%
Recoveries collected in excess of forecast	16,500		35,838		(19,338)		(54.0)
Changes in expected future recoveries	11,422		15,836		(4,414)		(27.9)
Changes in expected recoveries	27,922		51,674		(23,752)		(46.0)
Total portfolio revenue	$	268,880	$	253,730	$	15,150	6.0	%

Total portfolio revenue was $268.9 million in Q1 2025, an increase of $15.2 million, or 6.0%, compared to $253.7 million in Q1 2024. Portfolio income increased $38.9 million, or 19.3%, driven largely by the impact of higher purchasing and improved pricing in the U.S. beginning in 2023, while changes in expected recoveries decreased $23.8 million. Recoveries collected in excess of forecast decreased $19.3 million due primarily to cash collections underperformance on our 2019-2023 U.S. Core pools in Q1 2025, compared to overperformance on most U.S. Core pools in Q1 2024. This decrease was partially offset by higher cash collections overperformance on our European pools. Changes in expected future recoveries decreased $4.4 million due largely to a lower net increase in the collections forecast on our Americas pools compared to Q1 2024.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	First Quarter
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Compensation and benefits	$	73,323	$	73,597	$	(274)	(0.4)	%
Legal collection costs	33,394		26,691		6,703		25.1
Legal collection fees	15,230		12,112		3,118		25.7
Agency fees	21,368		19,723		1,645		8.3
Professional and outside services	21,103		25,050		(3,947)		(15.8)
Communication	10,477		12,578		(2,101)		(16.7)
Rent and occupancy	3,480		4,144		(664)		(16.0)
Depreciation, amortization and impairment	3,769		2,720		1,049		38.6

Other operating expenses	12,898		12,575		323		2.6
Total operating expenses	$	195,042	$	189,190	$	5,852	3.1	%

Legal collection costs

Legal collection costs consist primarily of costs paid to courts where a lawsuit is filed for the purpose of attempting to collect on an account. Q1 2025 costs increased $6.7 million, or 25.1%, compared to Q1 2024, primarily due to increased activity in our U.S. legal collections channel.

Legal collection fees

Legal collection fees represent contingent fees incurred for cash collections generated by our third-party attorney network. Q1 2025 fees increased $3.1 million, or 25.7%, compared to Q1 2024, mainly reflecting higher external legal collections within our U.S. Core portfolio.

Agency fees

Agency fees primarily represent third-party collection fees. Q1 2025 fees increased $1.6 million, or 8.3%, compared to Q1 2024, mainly due to higher fees paid to third-party debt collection agencies in the U.S.

Professional and outside services

Professional and outside services expense reflects amounts paid to third-party service providers and certain legal-related costs. Q1 2025 expense decreased $3.9 million, or 15.8%, compared to Q1 2024, mainly reflecting lower legal accruals and consulting fees in the U.S., partially offset by higher outsourcing and offshoring expenses in the U.S.

Communication

Communication expense relates mainly to correspondence, network and calling costs associated with our collection efforts. Q1 2025 expense decreased $2.1 million, or 16.7%, compared to Q1 2024, primarily due to a mix of lower-cost communications strategies utilized in our U.S. business in Q1 2025.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	First Quarter
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Interest on revolving credit facilities and term loan, and unused line fees	$	36,582	$	33,956	$	2,626	7.7	%
Interest on senior notes	24,911		18,203		6,708		36.9
Amortization of debt premium and issuance costs, net	1,901		2,200		(299)		(13.6)
Interest income	(2,424)		(2,081)		(343)		16.5
Interest expense, net	$	60,970	$	52,278	$	8,692	16.6	%

Interest expense, net was $61.0 million in Q1 2025, an increase of $8.7 million, or 16.6%, compared to Q1 2024. The increase was primarily due to a higher average debt balance in the current year period to support higher levels of portfolio investments.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	First Quarter
	2025			2024			$ Change		% Change
Income tax expense	$	4,312		$	2,386		$	1,926	80.7	%
Effective tax rate	32.2		%	16.9		%

Income tax expense was $4.3 million in Q1 2025, an increase of $1.9 million, or 80.7%, compared to Q1 2024. The effective tax rate in Q1 2025 was 32.2% compared to 16.9% in Q1 2024. The increase was primarily due to changes in the mix of income from different taxing jurisdictions and the timing and amount of discrete items.

Balance sheet

Finance receivables, net

Finance receivables, net were $4.3 billion as of March 31, 2025, an increase of $167.6 million, or 4.0%, compared to $4.1 billion as of December 31, 2024, driven largely by portfolio acquisitions of $291.7 million and foreign currency translation adjustments of $113.1 million, partially offset by recoveries collected and applied to Finance receivables, net of $265.1 million.

Goodwill

Goodwill was $420.7 million as of March 31, 2025, an increase of $24.3 million, or 6.1%, compared to $396.4 million as of December 31, 2024, due to foreign currency translation adjustments. As of March 31, 2025, goodwill consists primarily of $393.8 million in our Debt Buying and Collection ("DBC") reporting unit. We performed our most recent annual impairment review of the DBC reporting unit as of October 1, 2024, and concluded that goodwill was not impaired. As of March 31, 2025, our quarterly assessment did not identify the occurrence of any triggering events, and we determined our goodwill was not more-likely-than-not impaired. However, consistent with our most recent annual review, the DBC reporting unit may be at-risk for future impairment if our cash flow projections are not met or if market factors utilized in the impairment test were to deteriorate, including adverse changes in the debt sales market that impact our estimated purchasing volumes and purchase price multiples, an increase in the discount rate, or a sustained decline in our stock price.

Borrowings

Borrowings were $3.5 billion as of March 31, 2025, an increase of $139.5 million, or 4.2%, compared to $3.3 billion as of December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to incremental net borrowings under our North American and European revolving credit facilities of $102.0 million and $59.4 million, respectively, offset by net payments of $20.1 million on our United Kingdom ("UK") revolving credit facility.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

We report our financial results in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). However, our management also uses certain non-GAAP financial measures, including:

• Adjusted EBITDA, to evaluate our performance and to set performance goals; and

• ROATE, as a measure to monitor and evaluate operating performance relative to our equity.

Adjusted EBITDA

We present Adjusted EBITDA because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operational and financial performance. Our management believes Adjusted EBITDA helps provide enhanced period-to-period comparability of our operational and financial performance, as it excludes certain items whose fluctuations from period-to-period do not necessarily correspond to changes in the operations of our business, and is useful to investors as other companies in the industry report similar financial measures. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to the calculation of similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated starting with our GAAP financial measure, Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc. and is adjusted for:

• income tax expense (or less income tax benefit);

• foreign exchange loss (or less foreign exchange gain);

• interest expense, net (or less interest income, net);

• other expense (or less other income);

• depreciation and amortization;

• impairment of real estate;

• net income attributable to noncontrolling interests; and

• recoveries collected and applied to Finance receivables, net less Changes in expected recoveries.

The following table provides a reconciliation of Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc. as reported in accordance with GAAP to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation
	Last Twelve Months Ended		Year Ended
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	70,785	$	70,601
Adjustments:
Income tax expense	22,958		21,032
Foreign exchange loss	287		9
Interest expense, net	237,959		229,267
Other expense (1)	825		851
Depreciation and amortization	11,010		10,792
Impairment of real estate	831		—
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	15,099		17,972

Recoveries collected and applied to Finance receivables, net less Changes in expected recoveries	824,238		787,028
Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,183,992	$	1,137,552

(1) Other expense reflects non-operating activities.

Return on average tangible equity

We use ROATE, which is a supplemental measure of performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP, to monitor and evaluate operating performance relative to our equity. Management believes ROATE is a useful financial measure for investors in evaluating the effective use of equity, and is an important component of our long-term shareholder return. Average tangible equity is defined as average Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group, Inc. less average goodwill and average other intangible assets. ROATE is calculated by dividing Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc. by average tangible equity.

The following table provides a reconciliation of Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group, Inc. as reported in accordance with GAAP to average tangible equity and displays our ROATE for the periods indicated (in thousands, except for ratio data):


	Balance as of Period End				Average Tangible Equity Reconciliation (1)
	March 31, 2025		March 31, 2024		First Quarter 2025			First Quarter 2024
Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group, Inc.	$	1,219,108	$	1,129,326	$	1,177,070		$	1,148,219
Less: Goodwill	420,715		411,846		408,536			421,705
Less: Other intangible assets	1,488		1,666		1,471			1,704
Average tangible equity					$	767,063		$	724,810

(1) Amounts represent the average balances for the respective periods.
					ROATE (2)
					First Quarter 2025			First Quarter 2024
Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.					$	3,659		$	3,475
Return on average tangible equity					1.9		%	1.9		%

(2) Based on annualized Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.

SUPPLEMENTAL PERFORMANCE DATA

The tables in this section provide supplemental performance data about our:

• ERC by geography, portfolio type and expected year of collection;

• Core cash collections separated between call center and other collections and legal collections, and constant currency adjusted cash collections;

• nonperforming loan portfolios and collections by geography, portfolio type and year of purchase; and

• U.S. portfolio purchases by major asset type and delinquency category.

The collections data presented reflects gross cash collections and does not reflect any costs to collect; therefore, it may not present relative profitability. The past performance of pools within certain geographies and portfolio types may not be comparable with other locations and portfolio types or indicative of future results. Customer payment patterns in all of the countries in which we operate can be affected by various factors, including general business and economic conditions, seasonal employment trends, income tax refunds and holiday spending habits.

Purchasing

We purchase portfolios of nonperforming loans from a variety of creditors, or acquire portfolios through strategic acquisitions, and segregate them into our Core or Insolvency portfolios, based on the status of the account upon acquisition. In addition, the accounts are segregated into geographical regions based upon where the account was acquired and, as applicable, foreign currency exchange rates are fixed for purposes of comparability in future periods. Ultimately, accounts are aggregated into annual pools based on portfolio type, geography and year of acquisition. Portfolios of accounts that were in an insolvency status at the time of acquisition are represented under Insolvency headings in the tables below. All other acquisitions of portfolios of accounts are included under Core headings. Once an account is initially segregated, it is not later transferred from an Insolvency pool to a Core pool, or vice versa.

Purchase price multiple

The purchase price multiple represents our estimate of total cash collections over the original purchase price of the portfolio. Purchase price multiples can vary over time due to a variety of factors, including pricing competition, supply levels, age of the accounts acquired, type and mix of portfolios purchased, expected costs to collect and returns, and changes in operational efficiency and effectiveness. When we pay more for a portfolio, the purchase price multiple and effective interest rate are generally lower. Certain types of accounts, such as Insolvency accounts, have lower collection costs, and we generally pay more for those types of accounts, which results in lower purchase price multiples but similar net income margins compared to other portfolio purchases.

ERC and TEC

Depending on the level of performance and expected future impacts from our operations, we may update ERC and TEC levels based on the results of our cash forecasting with a correlating adjustment to the purchase price multiple. We follow an established process to evaluate ERC, and we typically do not adjust our ERC and TEC until we gain sufficient collection experience with a pool of accounts. Over time, our TEC has often increased as pools have aged resulting in the ratio of TEC to purchase price for any given year of buying to gradually increase.

For additional information about our nonperforming loan portfolios, refer to Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements i ncluded in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Estimated remaining collections

The following table displays our ERC by geography, year and portfolio for the 12 months ending March 31, (in thousands):


	ERC By Geography, Year and Portfolio
	Americas and Australia Core		Americas Insolvency		Total Americas and Australia (1)		Europe Core		Europe Insolvency		Total Europe (2)		Total
2026	$	1,079,500	$	82,926	$	1,162,426	$	582,927	$	67,104	$	650,031	$	1,812,457
2027	830,034		63,295		893,329		488,602		48,209		536,811		1,430,140
2028	575,030		44,029		619,059		409,458		32,341		441,799		1,060,858
2029	391,893		24,916		416,809		349,819		19,359		369,178		785,987
2030	269,361		9,390		278,751		301,369		9,076		310,445		589,196
2031	187,578		1,165		188,743		261,338		3,164		264,502		453,245
2032	127,483		20		127,503		227,608		1,171		228,779		356,282
2033	87,771		3		87,774		198,979		590		199,569		287,343
2034	58,779		2		58,781		174,512		389		174,901		233,682
2035	38,894		—		38,894		153,077		113		153,190		192,084
Thereafter	77,399		—		77,399		526,213		246		526,459		603,858
Total ERC	$	3,723,722	$	225,746	$	3,949,468	$	3,673,902	$	181,762	$	3,855,664	$	7,805,132

(1) Reflects ERC of $3.5 billion for the U.S. and $491.6 million for other Americas and Australia.

(2) Reflects ERC of $1.6 billion for the UK, $990.2 million for Central Europe, $870.7 million for Northern Europe and $392.0 million for Southern Europe.

Cash collections

The following table displays our cash collections by geography and portfolio, Core cash collections separated between call center and other collections and legal collections, and constant currency adjusted cash collections, for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Cash Collections by Geography and Portfolio
	First Quarter
	2025			2024
Americas and Australia
Call center and other	$	160,251	55.6%		$	154,453	60.1%
Legal	127,909		44.4		102,408		39.9
Core	288,160		100%		256,861		100%
Insolvency	23,700				25,209
Total Americas and Australia	$	311,860			$	282,070

Europe
Call center and other	$	102,408	62.3%		$	93,223	63.9%
Legal	61,963		37.7		52,710		36.1
Core	164,371		100%		145,933		100%
Insolvency	21,205				$	21,515
Total Europe	$	185,576			$	167,448

Total Company
Call center and other	262,659		58.0%		247,676		61.5%
Legal	189,872		42.0		155,118		38.5
Core	452,531		100%		402,794		100%
Insolvency	44,905				46,724
Total cash collections	$	497,436			$	449,518
Total cash collections adjusted (1)	$	497,436			$	438,963

(1) Total cash collections adjusted refers to prior period foreign currency cash collections remeasured at average U.S. dollar exchange rates for the current period.


Purchase Price Multiples as of March 31, 2025 In thousands
Purchase Period	Purchase Price (1)(2)		Total Estimated Collections (3)		Estimated Remaining Collections (4)		Current Purchase Price Multiple	Original Purchase Price Multiple (5)
Americas and Australia Core
1996-2014	$	2,336,839	$	6,677,285	$	85,170	286%	228%
2015	443,114		927,707		42,421		209%	205%
2016	455,767		1,099,096		54,164		241%	201%
2017	532,851		1,227,754		84,362		230%	193%
2018	653,975		1,547,179		124,687		237%	202%
2019	581,476		1,319,705		111,295		227%	206%
2020	435,668		961,382		122,030		221%	213%
2021	435,846		736,278		221,820		169%	191%
2022	406,082		716,692		282,237		176%	179%
2023	622,583		1,227,308		745,906		197%	197%
2024	823,662		1,734,861		1,495,359		211%	211%
2025	165,428		360,600		354,271		218%	218%
Subtotal	7,893,291		18,535,847		3,723,722
Americas Insolvency
1996-2014	1,414,476		2,722,777		9		192%	155%
2015	63,170		88,173		9		140%	125%
2016	91,442		118,460		107		130%	123%
2017	275,257		359,185		624		130%	125%
2018	97,879		136,770		325		140%	127%
2019	123,077		167,034		1,045		136%	128%
2020	62,130		90,988		8,266		146%	136%
2021	55,187		74,324		15,857		135%	136%
2022	33,442		47,631		21,343		142%	139%
2023	91,282		119,326		75,553		131%	135%
2024	68,391		99,321		82,094		145%	149%
2025	12,952		20,687		20,514		160%	160%
Subtotal	2,388,685		4,044,676		225,746
Total Americas and Australia	10,281,976		22,580,523		3,949,468
Europe Core
1996-2014	814,553		2,680,717		385,242		329%	205%
2015	411,340		763,617		123,063		186%	160%
2016	333,090		586,213		145,522		176%	167%
2017	252,174		363,859		87,133		144%	144%
2018	341,775		560,664		166,556		164%	148%
2019	518,610		862,626		293,354		166%	152%
2020	324,119		589,876		227,352		182%	172%
2021	412,411		718,256		362,383		174%	170%
2022	359,447		586,653		404,395		163%	162%
2023	410,593		694,061		513,613		169%	169%
2024	451,786		815,610		774,971		181%	180%
2025	109,910		192,014		190,318		175%	175%
Subtotal	4,739,808		9,414,166		3,673,902
Europe Insolvency
2014	10,876		19,126		—		176%	129%
2015	18,973		29,542		—		156%	139%
2016	39,338		58,202		512		148%	130%
2017	39,235		52,302		453		133%	128%
2018	44,908		53,090		1,357		118%	123%
2019	77,218		114,075		8,122		148%	130%
2020	105,440		160,291		16,121		152%	129%
2021	53,230		76,576		18,621		144%	134%
2022	44,604		63,631		30,937		143%	137%
2023	46,558		65,421		45,502		141%	138%
2024	43,459		63,596		52,694		146%	147%
2025	4,994		7,546		7,443		151%	151%
Subtotal	528,833		763,398		181,762
Total Europe	5,268,641		10,177,564		3,855,664
Total PRA Group	$	15,550,617	$	32,758,087	$	7,805,132

(1) Includes the acquisition date finance receivables portfolios that were acquired through our business acquisitions.

(2) Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the exchange rate at the end of the period in which the portfolio was purchased. In addition, any purchase price adjustments that occur throughout the life of the portfolio are presented at the period-end exchange rate for the respective year of purchase.

(3) Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the period-end exchange rate for the respective period of purchase.

(4) Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the March 31, 2025 exchange rate.

(5) The original purchase price multiple represents the purchase price multiple at the end of the period of acquisition.


Portfolio Financial Information (1)
In thousands
	March 31, 2025 (year-to-date)								As of March 31, 2025
Purchase Period	Cash Collections (2)		Portfolio Income (2)		Changes in Expected Recoveries (2)		Total Portfolio Revenue (2)		Net Finance Receivables (3)
Americas and Australia Core
1996-2014	$	11,587	$	5,208	$	6,052	$	11,260	$	28,588
2015	3,756		2,257		(538)		1,719		18,289
2016	4,794		2,925		406		3,331		20,128
2017	7,854		4,056		1,777		5,833		34,684
2018	13,926		6,122		1,997		8,119		63,730
2019	13,659		6,353		(1,874)		4,479		60,339
2020	15,569		6,683		(1,597)		5,086		67,290
2021	18,306		9,653		(2,256)		7,397		115,217
2022	25,886		11,365		(315)		11,050		169,095
2023	63,352		32,874		(8,290)		24,584		413,774
2024	103,139		66,232		8,837		75,069		775,565
2025	6,332		4,310		1,250		5,560		164,578
Subtotal	288,160		158,038		5,449		163,487		1,931,277
Americas Insolvency
1996-2014	258		9		250		259		—
2015	36		2		31		33		6
2016	57		6		12		18		95
2017	326		32		147		179		552
2018	351		14		127		141		302
2019	919		41		(39)		2		985
2020	3,273		315		(254)		61		7,780
2021	3,145		500		(58)		442		14,361
2022	2,801		609		162		771		18,374
2023	7,215		2,242		(81)		2,161		61,628
2024	5,146		2,947		(1,852)		1,095		58,849
2025	173		171		76		247		13,021
Subtotal	23,700		6,888		(1,479)		5,409		175,953
Total Americas and Australia	311,860		164,926		3,970		168,896		2,107,230
Europe Core
1996-2014	22,484		14,317		5,193		19,510		87,666
2015	7,291		2,947		3,749		6,696		60,970
2016	6,410		2,873		1,107		3,980		82,180
2017	3,858		1,444		(1,566)		(122)		58,090
2018	8,525		3,081		866		3,947		107,905
2019	15,087		4,885		3,312		8,197		197,307
2020	11,349		4,228		4,087		8,315		138,955
2021	15,145		6,323		2,524		8,847		219,283
2022	16,122		6,720		(1,206)		5,514		255,679
2023	22,895		9,421		1,828		11,249		307,010
2024	33,535		14,734		433		15,167		431,168
2025	1,670		475		549		1,024		109,374
Subtotal	164,371		71,448		20,876		92,324		2,055,587
Europe Insolvency
2014	34		—		34		34		—
2015	46		—		46		46		—
2016	159		21		131		152		133
2017	293		13		156		169		318
2018	471		29		94		123		1,186
2019	1,823		194		48		242		7,028
2020	4,602		396		481		877		14,915
2021	3,356		459		1,256		1,715		16,624
2022	3,572		764		510		1,274		25,950
2023	3,397		1,096		227		1,323		36,605
2024	3,350		1,549		18		1,567		37,729
2025	102		63		75		138		5,029
Subtotal	21,205		4,584		3,076		7,660		145,517
Total Europe	185,576		76,032		23,952		99,984		2,201,104
Total PRA Group	$	497,436	$	240,958	$	27,922	$	268,880	$	4,308,334

(1) Includes the nonperforming loan portfolios that were acquired through our business acquisitions.

(2) Non-U.S. amounts are presented using the average exchange rates during the current reporting period.

(3) Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the March 31, 2025 exchange rate.


Cash Collections by Year, By Year of Purchase (1) as of March 31, 2025 In millions
			Cash Collections
Purchase Period	Purchase Price (2)(3)		1996-2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		2025		Total
Americas and Australia Core
1996-2014	$	2,336.8	$	4,371.9	$	727.8	$	470.0	$	311.2	$	222.5	$	155.0	$	96.6	$	68.8	$	51.0	$	40.2	$	49.4	$	11.6	$	6,576.0
2015	443.1		—		117.0		228.4		185.9		126.6		83.6		57.2		34.9		19.5		14.1		17.3		3.8		888.3
2016	455.8		—		—		138.7		256.5		194.6		140.6		105.9		74.2		38.4		24.9		24.0		4.8		1,002.6
2017	532.9		—		—		—		107.3		278.7		256.5		192.5		130.0		76.3		43.8		39.2		7.9		1,132.2
2018	654.0		—		—		—		—		122.7		361.9		337.7		239.9		146.1		92.9		75.9		13.9		1,391.0
2019	581.5		—		—		—		—		—		143.8		349.0		289.8		177.7		110.3		77.7		13.7		1,162.0
2020	435.7		—		—		—		—		—		—		132.9		284.3		192.0		125.8		87.0		15.6		837.6
2021	435.8		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		85.0		177.3		136.8		98.4		18.3		515.8
2022	406.1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		67.7		195.4		144.7		25.9		433.7
2023	622.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		108.5		285.9		63.4		457.8
2024	823.7		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		145.9		103.1		249.0
2025	165.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		6.2		6.2
Subtotal	7,893.3		4,371.9		844.8		837.1		860.9		945.1		1,141.4		1,271.8		1,206.9		946.0		892.7		1,045.4		288.2		14,652.2
Americas Insolvency
1996-2014	1,414.5		1,949.8		340.8		213.0		122.9		59.1		22.6		5.8		3.3		2.3		1.5		1.3		0.3		2,722.7
2015	63.2		—		3.4		17.9		20.1		19.8		16.7		7.9		1.3		0.6		0.3		0.2		—		88.2
2016	91.4		—		—		18.9		30.4		25.0		19.9		14.4		7.4		1.8		0.9		0.6		0.1		119.4
2017	275.3		—		—		—		49.1		97.3		80.9		58.8		44.0		20.8		4.9		2.5		0.3		358.6
2018	97.9		—		—		—		—		6.7		27.4		30.5		31.6		24.6		12.7		2.5		0.4		136.4
2019	123.1		—		—		—		—		—		13.4		31.4		39.1		37.8		28.7		14.6		0.9		165.9
2020	62.1		—		—		—		—		—		—		6.5		16.1		20.4		19.5		17.0		3.3		82.8
2021	55.2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		4.6		17.9		17.5		15.3		3.1		58.4
2022	33.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		3.2		9.2		11.1		2.8		26.3
2023	91.2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		9.0		25.1		7.2		41.3
2024	68.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		12.1		5.1		17.2
2025	13.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		0.2		0.2
Subtotal	2,388.7		1,949.8		344.2		249.8		222.5		207.9		180.9		155.3		147.4		129.4		104.2		102.3		23.7		3,817.4
Total Americas and Australia	10,282.0		6,321.7		1,189.0		1,086.9		1,083.4		1,153.0		1,322.3		1,427.1		1,354.3		1,075.4		996.9		1,147.7		311.9		18,469.6
Europe Core
1996-2014	814.5		195.1		297.5		249.9		224.1		209.6		175.3		151.7		151.0		123.6		108.6		101.7		22.5		2,010.6
2015	411.3		—		45.8		100.3		86.2		80.9		66.1		54.3		51.4		40.7		33.8		30.4		7.3		597.2
2016	333.1		—		—		40.4		78.9		72.6		58.0		48.3		46.7		36.9		29.7		27.4		6.4		445.3
2017	252.2		—		—		—		17.9		56.0		44.1		36.1		34.8		25.2		20.2		17.9		3.9		256.1
2018	341.8		—		—		—		—		24.3		88.7		71.3		69.1		50.7		41.6		37.1		8.5		391.3
2019	518.6		—		—		—		—		—		48.0		125.7		121.4		89.8		75.1		68.2		15.1		543.3
2020	324.1		—		—		—		—		—		—		32.3		91.7		69.0		56.1		50.1		11.3		310.5
2021	412.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		48.5		89.9		73.0		66.6		15.1		293.1
2022	359.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		33.9		83.8		74.7		16.1		208.5
2023	410.6		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		50.2		103.1		22.9		176.2
2024	451.9		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		46.3		33.5		79.8
2025	109.9		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1.7		1.7
Subtotal	4,739.8		195.1		343.3		390.6		407.1		443.4		480.2		519.7		614.6		559.7		572.1		623.5		164.3		5,313.6
Europe Insolvency
2014	10.9		—		4.3		3.9		3.2		2.6		1.5		0.8		0.3		0.2		0.2		0.2		—		17.2
2015	19.0		—		3.0		4.4		5.0		4.8		3.9		2.9		1.6		0.6		0.4		0.2		—		26.8
2016	39.3		—		—		6.2		12.7		12.9		10.7		7.9		6.0		2.7		1.3		0.8		0.2		61.4
2017	39.2		—		—		—		1.2		7.9		9.2		9.8		9.4		6.5		3.8		1.5		0.3		49.6
2018	44.9		—		—		—		—		0.6		8.4		10.3		11.7		9.8		7.2		3.5		0.5		52.0
2019	77.2		—		—		—		—		—		5.0		21.1		23.9		21.0		17.5		12.9		1.8		103.2
2020	105.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		6.0		34.6		34.1		29.7		25.5		4.6		134.5
2021	53.2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		5.5		14.4		14.7		15.4		3.4		53.4
2022	44.6		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		4.5		12.4		15.2		3.6		35.7
2023	46.7		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		4.2		12.7		3.4		20.3
2024	43.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		9.5		3.3		12.8
2025	5.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		0.1		0.1
Subtotal	528.8		—		7.3		14.5		22.1		28.8		38.7		58.8		93.0		93.8		91.4		97.4		21.2		567.0
Total Europe	5,268.6		195.1		350.6		405.1		429.2		472.2		518.9		578.5		707.6		653.5		663.5		720.9		185.5		5,880.6
Total PRA Group	$	15,550.6	$	6,516.8	$	1,539.6	$	1,492.0	$	1,512.6	$	1,625.2	$	1,841.2	$	2,005.6	$	2,061.9	$	1,728.9	$	1,660.4	$	1,868.6	$	497.4	$	24,350.2

(1) Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the average exchange rates during the cash collections period.

(2) Includes the acquisition date finance receivables portfolios acquired through our business acquisitions.

(3) Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the exchange rate at the end of the period in which the portfolio was purchased. In addition, any purchase price adjustments that occur throughout the life of the pool are presented at the period-end exchange rate for the respective period of purchase.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We actively manage our liquidity to meet our business needs and financial obligations.

Sources of liquidity

Cash and cash equivalents

As of March 31, 2025, cash and cash equivalents totaled $128.7 million, of which $118.4 million was held by international operations with indefinitely reinvested earnings. For additional information about the unremitted earnings of our international subsidiaries, refer to Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 Form 10-K.

Borrowings

As of March 31, 2025, we had the following committed amounts, borrowings and availability under our financing arrangements (in thousands):


					Availability
	Committed Amount		Borrowings		Based on Current ERC (1)		Additional Availability (2)		Total Availability
North American revolving credit facility	$	1,075,000	$	621,495	$	217,813	$	235,692	$	453,505
UK revolving credit facility	725,000		474,091		115,376		135,533		250,909
European revolving credit facility	829,641		615,133		204,650		9,858		214,508
North American term loan	467,611		467,611		—		—		—
Senior notes	1,298,000		1,298,000		—		—		—

Debt premium and issuance costs, net	—		(10,255)		—		—		—
Total	$	4,395,252	$	3,466,075	$	537,839	$	381,083	$	918,922

(1) Available borrowings after calculation of borrowing base, subject to the committed amounts and debt covenants, which may be used for general corporate purposes, including portfolio purchases.

(2) Subject to borrowing base and debt covenants, including advance rates ranging from 35-55% of applicable ERC.

Interest-bearing deposits

As of March 31, 2025, interest-bearing deposits totaled $187.7 million. Under our European revolving credit facility, our interest-bearing deposit funding is limited to SEK 2.2 billion (the equivalent of $219.3 million in U.S. dollars as of March 31, 2025).

Uses of liquidity and material cash requirements

We believe that funds generated from our business activities, together with existing cash, available borrowings under our revolving credit facilities and access to the capital markets, will be sufficient to finance our operations, planned capital expenditures, forward flow purchase commitments, debt maturities and additional portfolio purchases for at least the next 12 months. Our long-term capital requirements will depend in large part on the level of nonperforming loan portfolios that we purchase.

Market conditions permitting, as we deem appropriate, we may seek to access the debt or equity capital markets or other sources of funding, and it may be necessary to raise additional funds to achieve our business objectives. Business acquisitions or higher than expected levels of portfolio purchasing could require additional financing. We may also from time-to-time repurchase senior notes in the open market or otherwise. We also have the ability to slow the purchase of nonperforming loans without significantly impacting current year collections.

Forward flows

We enter into forward flow agreements for the purchase of nonperforming loans. These agreements typically have terms ranging from six to 12 months, or they can be open-ended, and establish purchase prices and specific criteria for the accounts to be purchased. Some of the agreements establish a volume reference for the contract term in the form of a target or maximum, however, very few agreements establish a minimum contractual obligation, and many of the contracts contain early termination provisions allowing either party to cancel the agreements in accordance with a specified notice period.

As of March 31, 2025, we had forward flow agreements in place with an estimated purchase price of approximately $347.0 million over the next 12 months. This total can vary significantly based on the remaining terms and renewal dates of the agreements and is comprised of $258.0 million for the Americas and Australia and $89.0 million for Europe. These amounts represent our estimated forward flow purchases over the next 12 months under the agreements in place based on projections and

other factors, including sellers' estimates of future forward flow sales, and are dependent on actual delivery by the sellers and, in some cases, the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Accordingly, amounts purchased under these agreements may vary significantly. In addition to these agreements, we may also enter into new or renewed forward flow commitments and/or close on spot purchase transactions.

Borrowings

As of March 31, 2025, we had $3.5 billion in outstanding borr owings. The estimated interest, unused fees and principal payments for the next 12 months are $240.3 million, of which $10.0 million rel ates to principal on our term loan. After 12 months, principal payments on our debt are due from betwee n one and five year s. Many of our financing arrangements include covenants with which we must comply, and as of March 31, 2025, we were in compliance with these covenants.

For additional information about our borrowings, refer to Note 5 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Share repurchases

On February 25, 2022, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which we are authorized to repurchase up to $150.0 million of our outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program has no stated expiration date and does not obligate us to repurchase any specified amount of shares, remains subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and, subject to compliance with applicable laws, may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time.

Repurchases may be made from time-to-time in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions, in block transactions, through purchases made in accordance with trading plans adopted under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or other methods, subject to market and/or other conditions and applicable regulatory requirements. There were no repurchases during the first quarter of 2025, and as of March 31, 2025, we had $67.7 million remaining for share repurchases under the program. Repurchases are also subject to restrictive covenants contained in our credit facilities and the indentures that govern our senior notes.

Leases

Our leases have remaining terms from one to 8 years. As of March 31, 2025, we had $30.9 million in lease liabilities, of which $7.8 million is due within the next 12 months. For additional information, refer to Note 5 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 Form 10-K.

Derivatives

We enter into derivative financial instruments to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on variable rate debt and foreign currency exchange rates. As of March 31, 2025 , we h ad $5.9 million of de rivative liabilities , of which $0.2 million matures within the next 12 months . The remaining $5.7 million matures in 2028 . For additional information, refer to Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements i ncluded in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Investments

As of March 31, 2025, we held $60.7 million in Swedish treasury securities to meet the liquidity requirements of the Swedish Financial Services Authority for our banking subsidiary, AK Nordic AB.

Cash flow analysis

The following table summarizes our cash flow activity for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	First Quarter
	2025		2024		$ Change
Net cash provided by/(used in):
Operating activities	$	(52,580)	$	(72,999)	$	20,419
Investing activities	(24,385)		15,211		(39,596)
Financing activities	85,630		52,822		32,808
Effect of foreign exchange rates	14,216		861		13,355
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	22,881	$	(4,105)	$	26,986

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities mainly reflects the portion of our cash collections recognized as revenue and cash paid for operating expenses, interest and income taxes. It does not include cash collections applied to the negative allowance, which are classified as cash flows provided by investing activities. Net cash used in operating activities decreased $20.4 million compared to the prior year period, primarily due to higher cash collections recognized as income and a lower impact from foreign currency transactions, partially offset by higher cash paid for operating expenses and interest.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities increased $39.6 million compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $43.8 million in purchases of nonperforming loan portfolios and an $8.9 million decrease in net cash flows from purchases and disposals of investments, partially offset by an increase of $13.5 million in recoveries collected and applied to Finance receivables, net.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities increased $32.8 million compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily due to a $24.2 million increase in net proceeds from lines of credit, $4.1 million decrease in distributions to noncontrolling interests and $3.2 million increase in interest-bearing deposits.

Effect of foreign exchange rates

The net effect of exchange rates on cash increased $13.4 million compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily due to the impact of U.S. dollar devaluation in Q1 2025 on our foreign currency denominated borrowings and intercompany balances.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Some of our significant accounting policies require that we use estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. We consider accounting estimates to be critical if they (1) involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and (2) have had, or are reasonably likely to have, a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We base our estimates on historical experience, current trends and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. If these estimates differ significantly from actual results, the impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements may be material.

Our critical accounting estimates include revenue recognition on finance receivables, goodwill and income taxes. For a detailed description of our critical accounting estimates, refer to Part II, Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Estimates" in the 2024 Form 10-K.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and the anticipated effects on our Consolidated Financial Statements, refer to Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

FREQUENTLY USED TERMS

We may use the following terms throughout this Quarterly Report:

• "Buybacks" refers to purchase price refunded by the seller due to the return of ineligible nonperforming loan accounts.

• "Cash collections" refers to collections on our nonperforming loan portfolios.

• "Cash receipts" refers to cash collections on our nonperforming loan portfolios, fees and revenue recognized from our class action claims recovery services.

• "Changes in expected recoveries" refers to the difference between actual recoveries collected compared to expected recoveries and the net present value of changes in estimated remaining collections.

• "Core" accounts or portfolios refer to accounts or portfolios that are nonperforming loans and are not in an insolvent status upon acquisition. These accounts are aggregated separately from insolvency accounts.

• "Estimated remaining collections" or "ERC" refers to the sum of all future projected cash collections on our nonperforming loan portfolios.

• "Finance receivables" or "receivables" refers to the negative allowance for expected recoveries recorded on our balance sheet as an asset.

• "Insolvency" accounts or portfolios refer to accounts or portfolios of nonperforming loans that are in an insolvent status when we purchase them and, as such, are purchased as a pool of insolvent accounts. These accounts include IVAs, Trust Deeds in the UK, Consumer Proposals in Canada and bankruptcy accounts in the U.S., Canada, Germany and the UK.

• "Negative allowance" refers to the present value of cash flows expected to be collected on our finance receivables.

• "Portfolio acquisitions" refers to all nonperforming loan portfolios acquired as a result of a purchase or added as a result of a business acquisition.

• "Portfolio purchases" refers to all nonperforming loan portfolios purchased in the normal course of business and excludes those added as a result of business acquisitions.

• "Portfolio income" reflects revenue recorded due to the passage of time using the effective interest rate calculated based on the purchase price of nonperforming loan portfolios and estimated remaining collections.

• "Purchase price" refers to the cash paid to a seller to acquire nonperforming loans.

• "Purchase price multiple" refers to the total estimated collections on our nonperforming loan portfolios divided by purchase price.

• "Recoveries collected" refers to cash collections plus buybacks and other adjustments.

• "Total estimated collections" or "TEC" refers to actual cash collections plus estimated remaining collections on our nonperforming loan portfolios.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our business is subject primarily to interest rate and foreign currency risk. Our exposure to these risks, as described in P art II, Item 7A in the 2024 Form 10-K, has not changed materially since December 31, 2024.

Interest rate exposure

Of our $3.5 billion in total borrowings as of March 31, 2025, $1.3 billion was fixed rate debt. Considering these fixed rate borrowings and the interest rate hedges on our variable rate debt, with maturities ranging from two months to five years, as of March 31, 2025, 58% of our total debt was either fixed rate or converted to a fixed rate.

Foreign currency exposure

We operate internationally and enter into transactions denominated in various foreign currencies. During Q1 2025, our revenues from operations outside the U.S. were $133.2 million.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For information regarding legal proceedings as of March 31, 2025, refer to Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of the 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

We did not repurchase any common stock during the first quarter of 2025. Our credit facilities and the indentures governing our senior notes contain financial and other restrictive covenants, including restrictions on certain types of transactions and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders and repurchase our common stock.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None of the Company's directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the first quarter of 2025.

Item 6. Exhibits


3.1			Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of PRA Group, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 17, 2020 (File No. 000-50058)).
3.2			Amended and Restated By-Laws of PRA Group, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 17, 2020 (File No. 000-50058)).
4.1			Form of Common Stock Certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed October 15, 2002 (Registration No. 333-99225)).
4.2			Form of Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed October 30, 2002 (Registration No. 333-99225)).
4.3			Indenture, dated as of September 22, 2021 among PRA Group Inc., the domestic subsidiaries of PRA Group Inc., party thereto and Regions Banks, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 24, 2021 (File No. 000-50058)).
4.4			Indenture, dated as of February 6, 2023, among PRA Group, Inc., the domestic subsidiaries of PRA Group, Inc., party thereto and Regions Bank, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 6, 2023 (File No. 000-50058)).
4.5			Indenture, dated as of May 20, 2024, among PRA Group, Inc., the domestic subsidiaries of PRA Group, Inc. party thereto and Regions Bank, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 20, 2024 (File No. 000-50058)).
4.6			Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 26, 2021 (File No. 000-50058) ).






31.1			Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2			Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1			Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
101.INS			XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkable Document
101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkable Document
101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkable Document
101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



	PRA Group, Inc.
	(Registrant)

May 8, 2025	By:	/s/ Vikram A. Atal
		Vikram A. Atal
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)




May 8, 2025	By:	/s/ Rakesh Sehgal
		Rakesh Sehgal
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I. Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements Note 1. Organization and Business Note 2. Finance Receivables, Net Note 3. Investments Note 4. Goodwill Note 5. Borrowings Note 6. Derivatives Note 7. Fair Value Note 8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Note 9. Earnings Per Share Note 10. Income Taxes Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies Note 12. Segments Note 13. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Note 14. Subsequent Events Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II. Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

3.1 Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of PRA Group, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 17, 2020 (File No. 000-50058)). 3.2 Amended and Restated By-Laws of PRA Group, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 17, 2020(File No. 000-50058)). 4.3 Indenture, dated as of September 22, 2021 among PRA Group Inc., the domestic subsidiaries of PRA Group Inc., party thereto and Regions Banks, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 24, 2021 (File No. 000-50058)). 4.4 Indenture, dated as of February 6, 2023, among PRA Group, Inc., the domestic subsidiaries of PRA Group, Inc., party thereto and Regions Bank, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 6, 2023 (File No. 000-50058)). 4.5 Indenture, dated as of May 20, 2024, among PRA Group, Inc., the domestic subsidiaries of PRA Group, Inc. party thereto and Regions Bank, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 20, 2024 (File No. 000-50058)). 4.6 Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 26, 2021(File No. 000-50058)). 31.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). 31.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). 32.1 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).

PRAA 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2025

Exhibits