QGEN 20-F DEF-14A Report Dec. 31, 2013 | Alphaminr
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QGEN 20-F Report ended Dec. 31, 2013

Balance Sheet
Cash Flow
Income Statement
Debt
20-F 1 a201320-f.htm 20-F 2013 20-F
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
£
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
or
S
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013
or
£
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from              to
or
£
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of event requiring this shell company report
Commission File Number 0-28564
_____________________________________________
QIAGEN N.V.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
n/a
(Translation of Registrant’s name in English)
The Netherlands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Spoorstraat 50
5911 KJ Venlo
The Netherlands
011-31-77-320-8400
(Address of principal executive offices)
_____________________________________________
Roland Sackers, Tel: 011-31-77-320-8400, Fax: 011-31-77-320-8409
QIAGEN N.V., Spoorstraat 50, 5911 KJ Venlo, The Netherlands
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
_____________________________________________
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of class:
Common Shares, par value EUR 0.01 per share
Name of each exchange on which registered:
NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
_____________________________________________
The number of outstanding Common Shares as of December 31, 2013 was 233,890,118 .
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ý Yes o No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. o Yes ý No
Note—Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ý Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ý Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ý Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
ý
U.S. GAAP
o
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board
o
Other
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:
o
Item 17
o
Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes ý No


Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or to “QIAGEN” are to QIAGEN N.V. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
_____________________________________________
EXCHANGE RATES
QIAGEN publishes its financial statements in U.S. dollars. In this Annual Report on Form 20-F, references to “dollars” or “$” are to U.S. dollars, and references to “EUR” or the “euro” are to the European Monetary Union euro. Except as otherwise stated herein, all monetary amounts in this Annual Report on Form 20-F have been presented in U.S. dollars.
The exchange rate used for the euro was obtained fro m the European Central Bank and is based on a regular daily concentration procedure between central banks across Europe and worldwide, which normally takes place at 2:15 P.M. Central European Time. This rate at February 28, 2014, was $1.3813 p er €1.
For information regarding the effects of currency fluctuations on our results, see Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 4A.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
Item 15.
Item 16A.
Item 16B.
Item 16C.
Item 16D.
Item 16E.
Item 16F.
Item 16G.
Item 16H.
Item 17.
Item 18.
Item 19.


3

PART I
Item 1.
Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors
Not applicable.

Item 2.
Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.

Item 3.
Key Information
QIAGEN N.V. is registered under its commercial and legal name with the trade register ( kamer van koophandel ) of the Dutch region Limburg Noord under file number 12036979. QIAGEN N.V. is a public limited liability company ( naamloze vennootschap ) under Dutch law as a holding company.
The selected consolidated financial data below should be read in conjunction with “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes and other financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. The selected financial data below is derived from the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 and the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 of QIAGEN that have been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, and are included in this Annual Report. The selected data from the consolidated statements of income presented for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 , 2010 and 2009, is derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included in this Annual Report. The 2010 and 2009 amounts for working capital, total assets and total long-term liabilities, including current portion, have been adjusted to correctly reflect deferred taxes as current or non-current and to net deferred tax positions within the same tax jurisdictions. These balance sheet reclassifications had no effect on total equity at December 31, 2010 and 2009.
Selected Financial Data


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The information below should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements (and accompanying notes) and "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects."
Years ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
Consolidated Statement of Income Data:
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Net sales
$
1,301,984

$
1,254,456

$
1,169,747

$
1,087,431

$
1,009,825

Cost of sales
486,494

430,432

419,938

371,869

342,752

Gross profit
815,490

824,024

749,809

715,562

667,073

Operating expenses:
Research and development
146,070

122,476

130,636

126,040

107,900

Sales and marketing
371,523

343,549

307,332

267,484

244,814

General and administrative, integration and other
199,072

152,068

185,507

110,009

115,933

Acquisition-related intangible amortization
35,495

36,117

26,746

23,492

18,221

Total operating expenses
752,160

654,210

650,221

527,025

486,868

Income from operations
63,330

169,814

99,588

188,537

180,205

Other expense
(25,992
)
(24,661
)
(3,376
)
(15,416
)
(7,875
)
Income before income taxes
37,338

145,153

96,212

173,121

172,330

Income taxes
(31,760
)
15,616

1,263

28,810

34,563

Net income
$
69,098

$
129,537

$
94,949

$
144,311

$
137,767

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
25

31

(1,089
)
—

—

Net income attributable to QIAGEN N.V.
$
69,073

$
129,506

$
96,038

$
144,311

$
137,767

Basic net income per common share attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V. (1)
$
0.30

$
0.55

$
0.41

$
0.62

$
0.67

Diluted net income per common share attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V. (1)
$
0.29

$
0.54

$
0.40

$
0.60

$
0.64

Weighted-average common shares outstanding
Basic
234,000

235,582

233,850

232,635

206,928

Diluted
242,175

240,746

239,064

240,483

213,612

____________________
(1)
See Note 19 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for the computation of the weighted average number of Common Shares.
As of December 31,
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
(amounts in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
330,303

$
394,037

$
221,133

$
828,407

$
825,557

Working capital (1)
$
583,851

$
725,752

$
293,753

$
1,003,489

$
972,183

Total assets
$
4,088,392

$
4,087,631

$
3,729,685

$
3,878,478

$
3,769,219

Total long-term liabilities, including current portion
$
1,032,409

$
1,101,550

$
725,874

$
1,118,932

$
1,171,065

Total equity
$
2,723,871

$
2,724,363

$
2,557,798

$
2,476,353

$
2,291,169

Common shares, par value
$
2,812

$
2,769

$
2,739

$
2,724

$
2,711

Common shares outstanding
233,890

236,487

234,221

233,115

232,074

_________________
( 1) Working capital is current assets less current liabilities.

5

Risk Factors
Risk Management
Our risk management approach embodies the key elements of a sound risk management system including (1) active Supervisory Board and senior management involvement; (2) adequate policies and procedures; (3) adequate risk management, monitoring and information systems; and (4) comprehensive internal controls.
QIAGEN is managed by a Managing Board and an independent Supervisory Board appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders. One of the Managing Board's responsibilities is the oversight of the risk management system. The Managing Board has developed and implemented strategies, controls and mitigation measures to identify current and developing risks as part of the risk management system. Risk management policies and procedures are embodied in our corporate governance, code of ethics and financial reporting controls and procedures. A variety of functional experts evaluate these business risks, attempting to mitigate and manage these risks on an ongoing basis.
Identified risks are subdivided into three types:
•
A base business risk is specific to us or our industry and that threatens our current and existing business;
•
A business growth risk is specific to us or our industry that threatens our future business growth; and
•
An underlying business risk is not specific to us or our industry, but applies to a larger number of public companies.

All identified risks are evaluated based on their likelihood of occurring and their potential impact (estimated in monetary terms) in disrupting our progress in achieving our business objectives. The overall risk management goal is to identify risks that could significantly threaten our success and to allow management on a timely basis the opportunity to successfully implement mitigation actions. The results of the risk assessment, and any updates, are reported to the Audit Committee on a regular basis. A detailed risk reporting update is provided each quarter to the Audit Committee for specific risks that have been newly identified or have changed since the previous assessment. A detailed review of all underlying business risks is completed every year. At least once on an annual basis, the Supervisory Board discusses the corporate strategy and business risks as well as the results of an assessment by the Managing Board and the Audit Committee on the structure and operations of the internal risk management and control systems, including any significant changes.
Our corporate governance structure is based on a strong framework that outlines the responsibilities of our Managing and Supervisory Boards (discussed in more detail in Item 10 of this Annual Report) and the function of the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board (discussed in more detail in Item 6 of this Annual Report). We maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting to ensure the integrity of financial reporting, which is described further in Item 15 of this Annual Report. Additionally, a Compliance Committee operates under the leadership of the Chief Financial Officer, who is also a member of the Managing Board, that consists of senior executives from various functional areas who are responsible for ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, as well as overseeing the communication of corporate policies, including our Code of Ethics as described further in Item 16B of this Annual Report.
Risk Types
Base Business Risk
• Identification and monitoring of competitive business threats
• Monitoring complexity of product portfolio
• Monitoring dependence on key customers for single product groups
• Reviewing dependence on individual production sites or suppliers
• Evaluating purchasing initiatives, price controls and changes to reimbursements
• Monitoring production risks, including contamination prevention, high-quality product assurance
• Ensuring ability to defend against intellectual property infringements and maintain competitive advantage after expiration
Business Growth Risk
• Managing development and success of key R&D projects
• Managing successful integration of acquisitions to achieve anticipated benefits
Underlying Business Risk
• Evaluating financial risks, including economic risks and currency rate fluctuations
• Monitoring financial reporting risks, including multi-jurisdiction tax compliance
• Reviewing possible asset impairment events
• Assessing compliance and legal risks, including safety in operations and environmental hazard risks, compliance with various regulatory bodies and pending product approvals
• Monitoring risks of FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act) or antitrust concerns arising from a network of subsidiaries and distributors in foreign countries

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The risks described below are listed in the order of our current view of their expected significance. Describing the risk factors in order of significance does not imply that a lower listed risk factor may not have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.
An inability to manage our growth, manage the expansion of our operations, or successfully integrate acquired businesses could adversely affect our business.
Our business has grown rapidly, with total net sales increasing to $1.30 billion in 2013 from $1.01 billion in 2009. We have made a series of acquisitions in recent years, including Ingenuity and CLC bio in 2013, Intelligent BioSystems and AmniSure in 2012, and Cellestis Ltd. and Ipsogen S.A. in 2011. We intend to identify and acquire other businesses in the future that support our strategy to build on our global leadership position in Sample & Assay Technologies. The successful integration of acquired businesses requires a significant effort and expense across all operational areas.
We have also made significant investments to expand our business operations. In January 2009, we purchased land adjacent to our facility in Germany and began a major expansion project in August 2009 to create additional facilities for research and development as well as to expand production capacity. This expansion project was completed in early 2012. In addition, we began activities in June 2010 to expand our facility in Germantown, Maryland, for research, production and administrative space, and these efforts were completed in 2013. These expansion projects have increased our fixed costs, resulting in higher operational costs in the short term that will negatively impact our gross profit and operating income until we more fully utilize the additional capacity of these planned facilities. In 2012, we added a subsidiary in Poland as part of the creation of a new global shared services center to gain economies of scale in various administrative functions. We also continue to upgrade our operating and financial systems and expand the geographic presence of our operations, which has resulted in the reallocation of existing resources or the hiring of new employees as well as increased responsibilities for both existing and new management personnel. As an example, in 2011 we established new subsidiaries in India and Taiwan, further expanding our presence in Asia. The rapid expansion of our business and the addition of new personnel may place a strain on our management and operational systems.
Our future operating results will depend on the ability of our management to continue to implement and improve our research, product development, manufacturing, sales and marketing and customer support programs, enhance our operational and financial control systems, expand, train and manage our employee base, integrate acquired businesses, and effectively address new issues related to our growth as they arise. There can be no assurance that we will be able to manage our recent or any future expansion or acquisitions successfully, and any inability to do so could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our acquisitions expose us to new risks, and we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of acquisitions of technologies and businesses.
During the past several years, we have acquired and integrated a number of companies through which we have gained access to new technologies, products and businesses that complement our internally developed product lines. In the future, we expect to acquire additional technologies, products or businesses to expand our operations. Acquisitions expose us to new operating and other risks, including risks associated with the:
•
assimilation of new products, technologies, operations, sites and personnel;
•
application for and achievement of regulatory approvals or other clearances;
•
diversion of resources from our existing products, business and technologies;
•
generation of sales to offset associated acquisition costs;
•
implementation and maintenance of uniform standards and effective controls and procedures;
•
maintenance of relationships with employees and customers and integration of new management personnel;
•
issuance of dilutive equity securities;
•
incurrence or assumption of debt;
•
amortization or impairment of acquired intangible assets or potential businesses; and
•
exposure to liabilities of and claims against acquired entities.
Our failure to address the above risks successfully in the future may prevent us from achieving the anticipated benefits from any acquisition in a reasonable time frame, or at all.
Our continued growth is dependent on the development and success of new products.

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Rapid technological change and frequent new product introductions are typical in the markets we serve. Our success will depend in part on continuous, timely development and introduction of new products that address evolving market requirements. We believe successful new product introductions provide a significant competitive advantage because customers make an investment of time in selecting and learning to use a new product and are reluctant to switch thereafter. To the extent that we fail to introduce new and innovative products, or such products suffer significant delays in development or are not accepted in the market, we may lose market share to our competitors, which will be difficult or impossible to regain. An inability to successfully develop and introduce new products, for technological or other reasons, could reduce our growth rate or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business. In the past, we have experienced delays in the development and introduction of products, including regulatory approvals, and we may experience delays in the future.
As a result, we cannot assure you that we will keep pace with the rapid rate of change in our markets or that our new products will adequately meet the requirements of the marketplace, achieve market acceptance or regulatory approval or compete successfully with competitive technologies. Some of the factors affecting market acceptance of new products include:
•
availability, quality and price relative to competitive products;
•
the timing of introduction of the new product relative to competitive products;
•
opinions of the new product’s utility;
•
citation of the new product in published research;
•
regulatory trends and approvals; and
•
general trends in life sciences research, applied markets and molecular diagnostics.
The expenses or losses associated with unsuccessful product development activities or lack of market acceptance of our new products could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Important new product programs underway include our modular medium-throughput QIAsymphony automation platform, our offering of products for use in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and related Sample & Assay Technologies.
The speed and level of adoption of our QIAsymphony platform will affect sales not only of instrumentation but also of sample and assay kits designed to run on this system. The rollout of QIAsymphony is intended to drive the dissemination and increasing sales of sample and assay kits that run on this platform, and we are seeking regulatory approvals for a number of these new products. In turn, the availability and regulatory approval of more tests to run on QIAsymphony, especially molecular assays for specific diseases or companion diagnostics paired with new drugs, will influence the value of the instruments to prospective buyers. The risk of slower adoption of QIAsymphony or the complete QIAsymphony RGQ system could significantly affect sales of products designed to run on these platforms.
Our strategic initiative in NGS aims to drive the adoption of this technology in clinical research and diagnostics. It involves the development and ongoing commercialization of universal pre-analytic and bioinformatics products that can be used with any sequencing system as well as the development and future commercialization of the GeneReader TM benchtop NGS sequencer workflow. The market for next-generation sequencing instruments is very competitive, and the speed and level of adoption of our universal solutions and the GeneReader workflow will affect sales of our Sample & Assay Technologies.
Global economic conditions could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our results of operations could be materially affected by adverse general conditions in the global economy and financial markets. In times of economic hardship or high unemployment, patients may decide to forgo or delay routine tests, in particular our HPV test used to screen women for risk of cervical cancer. Changes in the availability or reimbursement of our diagnostic testing products by insurance providers and healthcare maintenance organizations could also have a significant adverse impact on our results of operations.
Access to financing in the global financial markets has also been adversely affected for many businesses during the recent challenging economic times and public debt crisis. The uncertainty surrounding the resolution of the economic and sovereign debt crisis in Europe continues to have a negative impact on financial markets and economic conditions more generally. Our customers may face internal financing pressures that adversely impact spending decisions, the ability to purchase our products or that lead to a delay in collection of receivables and thus negatively impact our cash flow. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business that would adversely impact our results of operations, including the reduction or delay in planned improvements to healthcare systems in various countries, the reduction of funding for life sciences research, and intensified efforts by governments and healthcare payors regarding cost-containment efforts.
Our results of operations could also be negatively impacted by any decisions by the U.S. Congress to implement automatic government spending cuts (sequestration) that may take effect (as they did in 2013). These conditions may add uncertainty to the timing and budget for investment decisions by our customers, particularly, researchers, universities, government

8

laboratories and private foundations whose funding is dependent upon grants from government agencies, such as the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and similar bodies.
As is the case for many businesses, we face the following risks in regard to financial markets:
•
severely limited access to financing over an extended period of time, which may limit our ability to fund our growth strategy and could result in delays to capital expenditures, acquisitions or research and development projects;
•
failures of currently solvent financial institutions, which may cause losses from our short-term cash investments or our hedging transactions due to a counterparty’s inability to fulfill its payment obligations;
•
inability to refinance existing debt at competitive rates, reasonable terms or sufficient amounts; and
•
increased volatility or adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates.
We may encounter delays in receipt, or limits in the amount, of reimbursement approvals and public health funding, which will impact our ability to grow revenues in the healthcare market or may negatively impact our profitability.
Third-party payors are often reluctant to reimburse healthcare providers for the use of medical tests that involve new technologies or provide novel diagnostic information. In addition, third-party payors are increasingly limiting reimbursement coverage for medical diagnostic products and, in many instances, are exerting pressure on diagnostic product suppliers to reduce their prices. Since each third-party payor often makes reimbursement decisions on an individual patient basis, obtaining such approvals is a time-consuming and costly process that requires us to provide scientific and clinical data supporting the clinical benefits of each of our products. As a result, there can be no assurance that reimbursement approvals will be obtained. This process can delay the broad market introduction of new products, and could have a negative effect on our results of operations. As a result, third-party reimbursement may not be consistent or financially adequate to cover the cost of our products. This could limit our ability to sell our products or cause us to reduce prices, which would adversely affect our results of operations.
Further, the ability of many of our customers to successfully market their products depends in part on the extent to which reimbursement for the costs of these products is available from governmental health administrations, private health insurers and other organizations. Governmental and other third-party payors are increasingly seeking to contain healthcare costs and to reduce the price of medical products and services. For example, in 2010 the United States enacted major healthcare reform legislation known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) which is expected to impact the scope and nature of Medicare reimbursement methods. As a result, the biotechnology, diagnostics and pharmaceutical industries are exposed to the potential risk of price controls by these entities. If there are not adequate reimbursement levels, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our concentration of a significant portion of revenues in products related to HPV testing increases our dependence on their success, our reliance on relationships with a relatively small number of customers particularly in the United States, and our reliance on a diversification strategy to increase sales in other product areas.

Contributions in 2013 from sales in the United States of our HPV test products represented approximately 10% of our total net sales. HPV testing applies a newer molecular-based approach that is different from the cytology-based approach (reviewing cells under a microscope) of the Pap test. Significant resources are required to educate physicians and laboratories about the patient benefits that can result from using HPV test products in addition to the Pap test, and to assist laboratory customers in learning how to use our HPV test products. The addition of our HPV test products to the Pap test for primary screening in the United States may be seen by some customers as adding unnecessary expense to traditional cervical cancer screening. As a result, our ability to grow revenues from HPV testing in the U.S. and around the world depends on providing information on the proven benefits of using our molecular technologies to identify women at risk for cervical cancer.

While the ultimate decision to order this test is made by physicians in consultation with their patients, in the U.S. the test analysis is generally performed by reference laboratories, who in turn are the customers of QIAGEN in terms of ordering tests and related equipment. At present, a limited number of reference laboratories in the U.S. account for the majority of HPV test sales. Should any of these reference laboratories make changes to their supplier arrangements, as we saw in 2013 with the consolidation of purchases of women’s health diagnostics with a competitor supplier, our results of operations could be negatively impacted.

In times of economic hardship or high unemployment, patients may decide to forgo or delay routine tests. Further, the cost of HPV testing in the U.S. is reimbursed to reference laboratories by insurance providers and health maintenance organizations. If these insurance plans decide to limit the availability of payments for our test to their members, or if pricing is negatively impacted as we experienced in 2013 following a move towards multi-year customer agreements in light of new competitor

9

pricing actions, it could have a significant adverse impact on our results of operations. Growth in other areas through diversification and new product launches has reduced the proportion of total net sales coming from HPV tests in the U.S.; however, we could be at risk that under-performance of the HPV line or loss of a customer could materially affect results of operations.
Reduction in research and development budgets and government funding may result in reduced sales.
Our customers include researchers at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, and government and private laboratories. Fluctuations in the research and development budgets of these organizations could have a significant adverse effect on demand for our products. Research and development budgets are affected by changes in available resources, the mergers of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, changes in spending priorities and institutional budgetary policies. Our results of operations could be adversely affected by any significant decrease in expenditures for life sciences research and development by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, and government and private laboratories. In addition, short-term changes in administrative, regulatory or purchasing-related procedures can create uncertainties or other impediments that can have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
In recent years, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have undergone substantial restructuring and consolidation. Additional mergers or consolidation within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries could cause us to lose existing customers and potential future customers, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Approximately 25% of our sales are generated from demand for our products used in the Academia customer class by researchers at universities, government laboratories and private foundations, and whose funding is dependent upon grants from government agencies, such as the NIH. Although the level of research funding has been increasing in recent years, we cannot assure you that this trend will continue given federal and state budget constraints. Government funding of research and development is subject to the political process, which is inherently unpredictable. Future sales may be adversely affected if our customers delay purchases as a result of uncertainties regarding the approval of government or industrial budget proposals, including the 2013 sequestration. Also, government proposals to reduce or eliminate budgetary deficits have sometimes included reduced allocations to the NIH and government agencies in other countries that fund life sciences research and development activities. A reduction in government funding for the NIH or government research agencies in other countries could have a serious adverse impact on our results of operations.
Competition could reduce our sales.
We face various competitive factors against greater adoption of our products, in particular the use of “home-brew” or lab-developed methods, where widely available reagents and other chemicals are used in a non-standardized manner to perform sample and assay processing. We are also aware that a significant number of laboratory organizations and competitors are developing and using their own internally developed molecular tests. Some competitor companies may seek regulatory approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or similar non-U.S. regulatory authorities and bring to the market alternative products that could limit the use of our products. The success of our business depends in part on the continued conversion of current users of “home brew” methods to our standardized Sample & Assay Technologies and products. There can be no assurance, however, as to the continued conversion of these potential customers.
We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, increasing competition from companies that provide competitive pre-analytical solutions and also other products used by our customers. The markets for some of our products are very competitive and price sensitive. Other product suppliers may have significant advantages in terms of financial, operational, sales and marketing resources as well as experience in research and development. These companies may have developed, or could develop in the future, new technologies that compete with our products or even render our products obsolete. The development of products offering superior technology or a more cost-effective alternative to our products could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We believe that customers in the market for pre-analytical sample technologies as well as for assay technologies display significant loyalty to their initial supplier of a particular product, in particular given the time and expense required by customers to properly integrate these products into their operations. As a result, it may be difficult to convert customers who have purchased products from competitors, and our competitive position may suffer if we are unable to be the first to develop and supply new products.
The time and expense needed to obtain regulatory approval and respond to changes in regulatory requirements could adversely affect our ability to commercially distribute our products and generate sales.
We and our customers operate in a highly regulated environment characterized by continuous changes in the governing regulatory framework, particularly for product approvals. Genetic research activities and products commonly referred to as “genetically engineered” (such as certain food and therapeutic products) are subject to extensive governmental regulation in

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most developed countries, especially in the major markets for pharmaceutical and diagnostic products such as the European Union, the U.S. and Japan. In recent years, several highly publicized scientific events (most notably in genomic research and “cloning”) have prompted intense public debates on the ethical, philosophical and religious implications of an unlimited expansion in genetic research and the use of products emerging from this research. As a result of this debate, some key countries may increase existing regulatory barriers, which could adversely affect demand for our products and prevent us from fulfilling our growth expectations. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any future changes of applicable regulations will not require further expenditures or an alteration, suspension or liquidation of our operations in certain areas, or even in their entirety.
Changes in the existing regulations or adoption of new requirements or policies could adversely affect our ability to sell our approved products or to seek approvals for new products in other countries around the world. Sales of certain products now in development may be dependent upon us successfully conducting pre-clinical studies, clinical trials and other tasks required to gain regulatory approvals. These trials could be subject to extensive regulation by governmental authorities in the U.S., particularly the FDA, and regulatory agencies in other countries. These trials involve substantial uncertainties and could impact customer demand for our products.
In addition, certain products, especially those intended for use in in vitro diagnostics applications, require regulatory approvals in various countries. For example, since the European Union Directive 98/79/EC on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (EU-IvD-D) went into effect in 2003, all products and kits used for in vitro diagnostic applications must be compliant with this directive. In addition to high-risk products such as HIV testing systems (list A of Annex II of the directive) or blood glucose testing systems (list B of Annex II of the directive), nucleic acid purification products, which are used in diagnostic workflows, are affected by this regulatory framework. The major goals of this directive are to standardize diagnostic procedures within the European Union, to increase reliability of diagnostic analysis and to enhance patient safety. If we fail to obtain any required clearance or approvals, it could significantly damage our business in these markets.
Several of our key products and programs are medical devices subject to extensive regulation by the FDA under the U.S. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. We plan to apply for FDA clearance or approval of additional products in the future as medical devices. Regulatory agencies in other countries also have medical device approval regulations that are becoming more extensive. These regulations govern most commercial activities associated with medical devices, including indications for the use of these products as well as other aspects that include product development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, record-keeping, advertising and promotion. Compliance with these regulations is expensive and time-consuming.
Each medical device that we wish to distribute commercially in the U.S. will likely require us to seek either 510(k) clearance or approval of a pre-market approval application (PMA) from the FDA prior to marketing the device for in-vitro diagnostic use. Clinical trials related to our regulatory submissions take years to complete and represent a significant expense. The 510(k) clearance pathway usually takes from three to 12 months, but can take longer. The PMA pathway is more costly, lengthy and uncertain, and can take from one to three years, or longer. For example, it took more than four years to receive pre-market approval from the FDA for our HPV test product for use as a test for the presence of HPV in women with equivocal Pap test results and pre-market approval for the use of our HPV test as a primary adjunctive cervical cancer screening test to be performed in combination with the Pap test for women age 30 and older. The uncertain time period required for regulatory review increases our costs to develop new products and increases the risk that we will not succeed in introducing or selling new products in the U.S.
Our cleared or approved devices, including our diagnostic tests and related equipment, are subject to numerous post-approval requirements. We are subject to inspection and marketing surveillance by the FDA to determine our compliance with regulatory requirements. If the FDA determines that we have failed to comply, it can institute a wide variety of enforcement actions, ranging from warning letters to more severe sanctions such as fines, injunctions and civil penalties, recalls or seizures of our products, operating restrictions, partial suspension or total shutdown of production, denial of our requests for 510(k) clearance or pre-market approval of product candidates, withdrawal of 510(k) clearance or pre-market approval already granted and criminal prosecution. Any enforcement action by the FDA may affect our ability to commercially distribute these products in the U.S.
Some of our products are sold for research purposes in the U.S. We do not promote these products for clinical diagnostic use, and they are labeled “For Research Use Only” (RUO) or “for molecular biology applications.” If the FDA were to disagree with our designation of a product, we could be forced to stop selling the product until appropriate regulatory clearance or approval has been obtained. Further, some of our products are used in “Laboratory-Developed Tests” (LDTs), where laboratories use our materials for assays manufactured, validated and performed in house. We do not promote these products for clinical diagnostic use.


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Further, the FDA has publicly announced its intention to begin regulating lab-developed tests in a phased-in approach, but details of proposed regulations have not yet emerged. LDTs represent the majority of molecular tests currently in use in terms of volume, and our automation systems - particularly the QIAsymphony platform - are designed to accommodate the automation and validation of these tests. On the other hand, laboratories creating LDTs may use some of our materials in their tests. We do not promote these products for clinical diagnostic use, but if the FDA were to stop the use of LDTs or significantly limit their area of application, sales of some of our products in the U.S. could be adversely affected. The flexibility to handle LDTs is an advantage for our instruments, particularly the QIAsymphony automation system. On the consumables side, however, LDTs can at times create competition to our own commercially approved tests. We are pursuing a strategy of developing new content for our platforms partly by seeking regulatory approvals for new assays that incorporates approvals for these tests to run on QIAGEN instruments. We believe standardized tests that pass regulatory scrutiny and are clinically validated are highly attractive to reference laboratories and healthcare providers in our Molecular Diagnostics customer class, and also to customers in Pharma and Academia who rely on molecular assays to research and develop new products. At this point the ultimate impact of potential new FDA policies on LDTs is uncertain.

We rely on collaborative commercial relationships to develop some of our products.
Our long-term business strategy involves entering into strategic alliances as well as marketing and distribution arrangements with academic, corporate and other partners relating to the development, commercialization, marketing and distribution of certain of our existing and potential products. We may be unable to continue to negotiate these collaborative arrangements on acceptable terms, and these relationships also may not be scientifically or commercially successful. In addition, we may be unable to maintain these relationships, and our collaborative partners may pursue or develop competing products or technologies, either on their own or in collaboration with others.
For example, our Personalized Healthcare business includes projects with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to co-develop companion diagnostics paired with drugs that those companies either market currently or are developing for future use. The success of these co-development programs, including regulatory approvals for the companion diagnostics, depends upon the continued commitment of our partners to the development of those drugs, the outcome of clinical trials for the drugs and diagnostics, and regulatory approvals of the paired diagnostic tests and drugs. In addition, the future level of sales for companion diagnostics that we bring to market depends to a high degree on the commercial success of the related medicines for which the tests have been designed to be used for determining their use in patients. More companion diagnostics would be sold in combination with a widely prescribed drug than a drug with limited use. Hence, the future success of these diagnostics depends on our Pharma partners' commercialization actions and success.
Some of our customers are requiring us to change our sales arrangements to lower their costs, and this may limit our pricing flexibility and harm our business.
Some of our customers have developed purchasing initiatives to reduce the number of vendors from which they purchase products to lower their supply costs. In some cases, these customers have established agreements with large distributors, which include discounts and direct involvement in the distributor’s purchasing process. These activities may force us to supply large distributors with our products at discounts in order to continue providing products to some customers. For similar reasons, many larger customers, including the U.S. government, have requested, and may request in the future, special pricing arrangements, which can include blanket purchase agreements. These agreements may limit our pricing flexibility, which could harm our business and affect our results of operations. For a limited number of customers, and at the customer’s request, we have conducted sales transactions through third-party online intermediaries to whom we are required to pay commissions. If sales grow through these intermediaries, it could have an adverse impact on our results of operations, particularly a negative impact on our gross profit.
Our global operations may be affected by actions of governments, global or regional economic developments, weather or transportation delays, natural disasters or other force majeure events (collectively, unforeseen events) which may negatively impact our suppliers, our customers or us.
Our business involves operations around the world. Our consumable manufacturing facilities are located in Germany, China, France, the United Kingdom and the U.S. We have established sales subsidiaries in numerous countries and our products are sold through independent distributors serving more than 40 additional countries. Our facilities may be harmed by unforeseen events, and in the event we or our customers are affected by a disaster, we may experience delays or reductions in sales or production, or increased costs, or may be required to identify alternate suppliers or rely on third-party manufacturers.
To the extent that our suppliers are impacted by a natural disaster or other disruption, we may experience periods of reduced production. Any unexpected interruptions in our production capabilities may lead to delayed or lost sales and may adversely affect our results of operations for the affected period.
In addition, to the extent we temporarily shutdown any facility following such an unforeseen event, we may experience disruptions in our ability to ship products to customers or otherwise operate our business as a result of the unforeseen event.

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While our global operations give us the ability to ship product from alternative sites, we may not be able to do so because our customers’ facilities are shutdown or the local logistics infrastructure is not functioning, and our sales will suffer.
Damage to our property due to unforeseen events and the disruption of our business from casualties may be covered by insurance, but this insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and such insurance may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, we may incur incremental costs following an unforeseen event which will reduce profits and adversely affect our results of operations.
We depend on suppliers for materials used to manufacture our products, and if shipments from these suppliers are delayed or interrupted, we may be unable to manufacture our products.
We buy materials to create our products from a number of suppliers and are not dependent on any one supplier or group of suppliers for our business as a whole. However, key components of certain products, including certain instrumentation components and chemicals, are available only from a single source. If supplies from these vendors are delayed or interrupted for any reason, we may not be able to obtain these materials timely or in sufficient quantities or qualities in order to produce certain products, and this could have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
We heavily rely on air cargo carriers and other overnight logistics services, and shipping delays or interruptions could harm our business.
Our customers in the scientific research markets typically only keep a modest inventory of our products on hand, and consequently require overnight delivery of purchases. As a result, we heavily rely on air cargo carriers and logistic suppliers. If overnight services are suspended or delayed, and other delivery carriers and logistic suppliers cannot provide satisfactory services, customers may suspend a significant amount of their work. The lack of adequate delivery alternatives would have a serious adverse impact on our results of operations.
Our success depends on the continued employment of qualified personnel, any of whom we may lose at any time.
Although we have not experienced any difficulties attracting or retaining management and scientific staff, our ability to recruit and retain qualified, skilled employees will continue to be critical to our success. Given the intense competition for experienced scientists and managers among pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies as well as academic and other research institutions, there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract and retain employees critical to our success on acceptable terms. Initiatives to expand QIAGEN will also require additional employees, including management with expertise in areas such as manufacturing and marketing, and the development of existing managers to lead a growing organization. The failure to recruit and retain qualified employees, or develop existing employees, could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Our ability to accurately forecast our results during each quarter may be negatively impacted by the fact that a substantial percentage of our sales may be recorded in the final weeks or days of the quarter.
The markets we serve are typically characterized by a high percentage of purchase orders being received in the final few weeks or even days of each quarter. Although this varies from quarter to quarter, many customers make a large portion of their purchase decisions late in each quarter, in particular because it is during this period that they receive new information on both their budgets and requirements. As a result, even late in each quarter, we cannot predict with certainty whether our sales forecasts for the quarter will be achieved.
Historically, we have been able to rely on the overall pattern of customer purchase orders during prior periods to project with reasonable accuracy our anticipated sales for the current or coming quarters. However, if customer purchasing trends during a quarter vary from historical patterns as may occur with changes in market conditions, our quarterly financial results could deviate significantly from our projections. As a result, our sales forecasts for any given quarter may prove not to have been accurate. We also may not have sufficient, timely information to confirm or revise our sales projections for a specific quarter. If we fail to achieve our forecasted sales for a particular quarter, the value of our Common Shares could be adversely affected.
Changes in tax laws or their application could adversely affect our results of operations.
Changes in tax laws or their application with respect to matters such as changes in tax rates, transfer pricing and income allocation, utilization of tax loss carry forwards, intercompany dividends, controlled corporations, and limitations on tax relief allowed on the interest on intercompany debt, and changes to tax credit mechanisms, could increase our effective tax rate and adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, changes in other laws, such as the U.S. health care reform legislation that was signed into law in the U.S. in 2010, may subject us to additional excise taxes. The increased tax burden as a result of changes in law may adversely affect our results of operations.
We have a significant amount of debt that may adversely affect our financial condition.
We have a significant amount of debt and debt service obligations. A high level of indebtedness increases the risk that we may default on our debt obligations. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow to pay the interest on our debt or that future working capital, borrowings or equity financing will be available to repay or refinance our debt. If we

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are unable to generate sufficient cash flow to pay the interest on our debt, we may have to delay or curtail our research and development programs. The level of our indebtedness could, among other things:
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make it difficult for us to make required payments on our debt;
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make it difficult for us to obtain any financing in the future necessary for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements or other purposes;
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limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we compete; and
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make us more vulnerable in the event of a downturn in our business.
Our business may require substantial additional capital, which we may not be able to obtain on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Our future capital requirements and level of expenses will depend upon numerous factors, including the costs associated with:
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marketing, sales and customer support efforts;
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research and development activities;
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expansion of our facilities;
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consummation of possible future acquisitions of technologies, products or businesses;
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demand for our products and services; and
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repayment or refinancing of debt.
We currently anticipate that our short-term capital requirements will be satisfied by cash flow from our operations. As of December 31, 2013 , we had outstanding long-term loan facilities of approximately $845.5 million , of which $0.2 million was current and due in 2013. Furthermore, as of December 31, 2013 , we had capital lease obligations, including the current portion, of $16.3 million , that expire in various years through 2018. We may need to refinance all or part of these liabilities before or at their contractual maturities.
We currently do not foresee that this will happen, but if at some point in time our existing resources should be insufficient to fund our activities, we may need to raise funds through public or private debt or equity financings. The funds for the refinancing of existing liabilities or for the ongoing funding of our business may not be available or, if available, not on terms acceptable to us. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to reduce or delay expenditures for research and development, production, marketing, capital expenditures and/or acquisitions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible securities, the issuance of any securities could result in dilution to our shareholders.
An impairment of goodwill and intangible assets could reduce our earnings.
At December 31, 2013 , our consolidated balance sheet reflected approximately $1.9 billion of goodwill and approximately $790.4 million of intangible assets. Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price of a business exceeds the fair value of the tangible and separately measurable intangible net assets. U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) requires us to test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or when events or circumstances occur indicating that goodwill might be impaired. Long-lived assets, such as intangible assets with finite useful lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The impairment review often cannot be done at the level of the individual asset and it must instead be applied to a group of assets. For the purpose of our annual goodwill impairment testing based on the current circumstances of how we manage our business, this group of assets is the Company as a whole. If we determine that any of our goodwill or intangible assets were impaired, we will be required to take an immediate charge to earnings and our results of operations could be adversely affected.
Exchange rate fluctuations may adversely affect our business and operating results.
Because we currently market our products throughout the world, a significant portion of our business is conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, our reporting currency. As a result, fluctuations in value, relative to the U.S. dollar, of the currencies in which we conduct our business have caused and will continue to cause foreign currency transaction gains and losses. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses arising from normal business operations are charged against earnings in the period when incurred. We economically hedge a portion of the anticipated cash flow that we expect to exchange into other currencies, subject to our short-term financing needs. Due to the number of currencies involved, the variability of currency exposures and the potential volatility of currency exchange rates, we cannot predict the effects of future exchange rate fluctuations. While we may engage in foreign exchange hedging transactions to manage our foreign currency exposure, there can be no assurance that our hedging strategy will adequately protect our operating results from the effects of future exchange rate fluctuations.
Our strategic equity investments may result in losses.

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We have made, and may continue to make, strategic investments in businesses as opportunities arise. We periodically review the carrying value of these investments for impairment, considering factors that include the most recent stock transactions, book values from the most recent financial statements, and forecasts and expectations of the investee. The results of these valuations may fluctuate due to market conditions and other conditions over which we have no control.
Estimating the fair value of non-marketable equity investments in life science companies is inherently subjective. If actual events differ from our assumptions and other than temporary unfavorable fluctuations in the valuations of the investments are indicated, we could be required to write-down the investment. This could result in future charges on our earnings that could materially adversely affect our results of operations. It is uncertain whether or not we will realize any long-term benefits from these strategic investments.
Doing business internationally creates certain risks.
Our business involves operations in several countries outside of the U.S. Our consumable manufacturing facilities are located in Germany, China, France, the United Kingdom and the U.S. We source raw materials and subcomponents to manufacture our products from different countries. We have established sales subsidiaries in numerous countries including the U.S., Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, Hong Kong, Singapore, Turkey, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, China, Spain, Brazil, Mexico and India. In addition, our products are sold through independent distributors serving more than 40 other countries. Conducting and launching operations on an international scale requires close coordination of activities across multiple jurisdictions and time zones and consumes significant management resources. We have invested heavily in computerized information systems in order to manage more efficiently the widely dispersed components of our operations. If we fail to coordinate and manage these activities effectively, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.
Our operations are subject to other risks inherent in international business activities, such as general economic conditions in the countries in which we operate, longer accounts receivable payment cycles in certain countries, overlap of different tax structures, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, and compliance with a variety of foreign laws and regulations. Other risks associated with international operations include import and export licensing requirements, trade restrictions, exchange controls and changes in tariff and freight rates, as may occur as a result of rising energy costs. As a result of these conditions, an inability to successfully manage our international operations could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
Our business in countries with a history of corruption and transactions with foreign governments increase the risks associated with our international activities.
Based on our international operations, we are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) the U.K. Bribery Act and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by business entities for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations, agreements with third parties and make sales in countries known to experience corruption. Further international expansion may involve increased exposure to such practices. Our activities in these countries create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, consultants, sales agents or distributors that could be in violation of various laws, including the FCPA, even though these parties are not always subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees and distributors including online and in-person employee trainings, periodic internal audits and standard reviews of our distributors. However, our existing safeguards and any future improvements may not prove to be effective, and our employees, consultants, sales agents or distributors may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA and other laws may result in criminal or civil sanctions, which could be severe, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have made investments in and are expanding our business into emerging markets, which exposes us to risks.
Our top seven emerging markets are Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Korea, Mexico and Turkey, which together accounted for approximately 14% of total sales in 2013, and we expect to continue to focus on expanding our business in these or other fast-growing markets. In addition to the currency and international operation risks described above, our international operations are subject to a variety of risks that include those arising out of the economy, political outlook and language and cultural barriers in countries where we have operations or do business. In many of these emerging markets, we may be faced with several risks that are more significant than in other countries in which we have a history of doing business. These risks include economies that may be dependent on only a few products and are therefore subject to significant fluctuations, weak legal systems which may affect our ability to enforce contractual rights, exchange controls, unstable governments, and privatization or other government actions affecting the flow of goods and currency. In conducting our business, we move products from one country to another and may provide services in one country from a subsidiary located in another country. Accordingly, we are vulnerable to abrupt changes in customs and tax regimes that could have significant negative impacts on our results of operations.

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We depend on patents and proprietary rights that may fail to protect our business.
Our success depends to a large extent on our ability to develop proprietary products and technologies and to establish and protect our patent and trademark rights in these products and technologies. As of December 31, 2013 , we owned 233 issued patents in the United States, 156 issued patents in Germany and 889 issued patents in other major industrialized countries. In addition, at December 31, 2013 , we had 996 pending patent applications, and we intend to file applications for additional patents as our products and technologies are developed. The patent positions of technology-based companies involve complex legal and factual questions and may be uncertain, and the laws governing the scope of patent coverage and the periods of enforceability of patent protection are subject to change. In addition, patent applications in the United States are maintained in secrecy until patents issue, and publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature tends to lag behind actual discoveries by several months. Therefore, no assurance can be given that patents will issue from any patent applications that we own or license or if patents do issue, that the claims allowed will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. In addition, no assurance can be given that any issued patents that we own or license will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that the rights granted thereunder will provide us competitive advantages. Further, as issued patents expire, we may lose some competitive advantage as others develop competing products and as a result, we may lose revenue.
A significant portion of HPV-related intellectual property is in the public domain, while additional HPV-related intellectual property is subject to our patents some of which will begin to expire in the next few years or are licensed to us on a non-exclusive basis. As a result, other companies have developed or may develop HPV detection tests.
Certain of our products incorporate patents and technologies that are licensed from third parties and for certain products, these in-licensed patents together with other patents provide us with a competitive advantage. These licenses impose various commercialization, sublicensing and other obligations on us. Our failure to comply with these requirements could result in the conversion of the applicable license from being exclusive to non-exclusive or, in some cases, termination of the license, and as a result, we may lose some competitive advantage and experience a loss of revenue.
We also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how, which we seek to protect through confidentiality agreements with our employees and consultants. There can be no assurance that any confidentiality agreements that we have with our employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors will provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or adequate remedies in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information. There also can be no assurance that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors.
We currently engage in, and may continue to engage in, collaborations with academic researchers and institutions. There can be no assurance that under the terms of such collaborations, third parties will not acquire rights in certain inventions developed during the course of these collaborations.
We are subject to risks associated with patent litigation.
The biotechnology industry has been characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. We are aware that patents have been applied for and/or issued to third parties claiming technologies for the sample and assay technologies that are closely related to those we use. From time to time, we receive inquiries requesting confirmation that we do not infringe patents of third parties. We endeavor to follow developments in this field, and we do not believe that our technologies or products infringe any proprietary rights of third parties. However, there can be no assurance that third parties will not challenge our activities and, if so challenged, that we will prevail. In addition, the patent and proprietary rights of others could require that we alter our products or processes, pay licensing fees or cease certain activities, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to license any technologies that we may require on acceptable terms. In addition, litigation, including proceedings that may be declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or the International Trade Commission, may be necessary to respond to any assertions of infringement, enforce our patent rights and/or determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights or those of third parties. Litigation could involve substantial cost, and there can be no assurance that we would prevail in any proceedings.
Our business exposes us to potential product liability.
The marketing and sale of our products and services for certain applications entail a potential risk of product liability. Although we are not currently subject to any material product liability claims, product liability claims may be brought against us in the future. Further, there can be no assurance that our products will not be included in unethical, illegal or inappropriate research or applications, which may in turn put us at risk of litigation. We carry product liability insurance coverage, which is limited in scope and amount. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain this insurance at a reasonable cost and on reasonable terms, or that this insurance will be adequate to protect us against any or all potential claims or losses.

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We are subject to various laws and regulations generally applicable to businesses in the different jurisdictions in which we operate, including laws and regulations applicable to the handling and disposal of hazardous substances. The risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of such an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result, and any such liability could have a material adverse impact on us.
Our operating results may vary significantly from period to period and this may affect the market price of our Common Shares.
Our operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter, and also from year to year, since they are dependent upon a broad range of factors that include demand for our products, the level and timing of customer research budgets and commercialization efforts, the timing of government funding budgets of our customers, the timing of our research and development activities and related regulatory approvals, the impact of sales and marketing expenses, the introduction of new products by us or our competitors, competitive market conditions, exchange rate fluctuations and general economic conditions. Our expense levels are based in part on our expectations as to future sales trends. As a result, sales and earnings may vary significantly from quarter to quarter or from year to year, and actual sales and earnings results in any one period will not necessarily be indicative of results to be anticipated in subsequent periods. Our results may also fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which could cause a decline in the market price of our Common Shares.
Our holding company structure makes us dependent on the operations of our subsidiaries.
QIAGEN N.V. is incorporated under Dutch law as a public limited liability company ( naamloze vennootschap ), and is organized as a holding company. Currently, the material assets are the outstanding shares of the QIAGEN subsidiaries, intercompany receivables and other financial assets such as cash and short-term investments. As a result, QIAGEN N.V. is dependent upon payments, dividends and distributions from the subsidiaries for funds to pay operating and other expenses as well as to pay future cash dividends or distributions, if any, to holders of our Common Shares. Dividends or distributions by subsidiaries in a currency other than the U.S. dollar may result in a loss upon a subsequent conversion into U.S. dollars.
U.S. civil liabilities may not be enforceable against us.
We are incorporated under Dutch law, and substantial portions of our assets are located outside of the U.S. In addition, certain members of our Managing and Supervisory Boards and our officers reside outside the U.S. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the U.S. upon us or such other persons, or to enforce outside the U.S. any judgments obtained against such persons in U.S. courts, in any action, including actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws.
In addition, it may be difficult for investors to enforce, in original actions brought in courts in jurisdictions located outside the U.S., rights predicated upon the U.S. securities laws. There is no treaty between the U.S. and the Netherlands for the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments (other than arbitration awards) in civil and commercial matters. As a result, a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any federal or state court in the U.S. based on civil liability, whether or not predicated solely upon the federal securities laws, would not be directly enforceable in the Netherlands. However, if the party in whose favor such final judgment is rendered brings a new suit in a competent court in the Netherlands, such party may submit to the Dutch court the final judgment which has been rendered in the U.S. If the Dutch court finds that the jurisdiction of the federal or state court in the U.S. has been based on grounds that are internationally acceptable and that proper legal procedures have been observed, the Dutch court will, in principle, give binding effect to the final judgment which has been rendered in the U.S. without substantive re-examination or re-litigation on the merits of the subject matter thereof, unless such judgment contravenes Dutch principles of public policy. Based on the foregoing, there can be no assurance that U.S. investors will be able to enforce against us, members of our Managing or Supervisory Boards, or officers who are residents of the Netherlands or countries other than the U.S. any judgments obtained in U.S. courts in civil and commercial matters, including judgments under the federal securities laws. In addition, there is doubt as to whether a Dutch court would impose civil liability on us, the members of our Managing or Supervisory Boards, or our officers in an original action predicated solely upon the federal securities laws of the U.S. brought in a court of competent jurisdiction in the Netherlands against us or such members or officers, respectively.
Our Common Shares may have a volatile public trading price.
The market price of our Common Shares since our initial public offering in September 1996 has increased significantly and been highly volatile. In the last two years, the price of our Common Shares has ranged from a high of $24.74 to a low of $14.05 on NASDAQ, and a high of €18.15 to a low of €10.69 on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. In addition to overall stock market fluctuations, factors that may have a significant impact on the price of our Common Shares include:
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announcements of technological innovations or the introduction of new products by us or our competitors;
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developments in our relationships with collaborative partners;

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quarterly variations in our operating results or those of our peer companies;
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changes in government regulations, tax laws or patent laws;
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developments in patent or other intellectual property rights;
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developments in government spending budgets for life sciences-related research;
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general market conditions relating to the diagnostics, applied testing, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries; and
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impact from foreign exchange rates.
The stock market has from time to time experienced extreme price and trading volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market for technology-based companies. These fluctuations have not necessarily been related to the operating performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Common Shares.
Holders of our Common Shares should not expect to receive dividend income.
We have not paid cash dividends since our inception and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Common Shares for the foreseeable future. Although we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends, the distribution of any cash dividends in a currency other than the U.S. dollar will be subject to the risk of foreign currency transaction losses. Investors should not invest in our Common Shares if they are seeking dividend income; the only return that may be realized through investing in our Common Shares would be through an appreciation in the share price.
Future sales and issuances of our Common Shares could adversely affect our stock price.
Any future sale or issuance of a substantial number of our Common Shares in the public market, or any perception that a sale may occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Common Shares. Under Dutch law, a company can issue shares up to its authorized share capital provided for in its Articles of Association. Pursuant to our Articles of Association, our authorized share capital amounts to EUR 9.0 million, which is divided into 410.0 million common shares, 40.0 million financing preference shares and 450.0 million preference shares, with all shares having a EUR 0.01 par value. As of December 31, 2013 , a total of approximately 233.9 million Common Shares were outstanding along with approximately 13.1 million additional shares reserved for issuance upon exercise or release of outstanding stock options and awards, of which 2.3 million were vested. A total of approximately 16.4 million Common Shares are reserved and available for issuances under our stock plans as of December 31, 2013 , including the shares subject to outstanding stock options and awards. The majority of our outstanding Common Shares may be sold without restriction, except shares held by our affiliates, which are subject to certain limitations on resale. Additionally, holders of notes issued by QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. and QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. are entitled to convert their notes into approximately 26.5 million Common Shares, subject to adjustments in certain cases.
Shareholders who are United States residents could be subject to unfavorable tax treatment.
We may be classified as a “passive foreign investment company,” or a PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes if certain tests are met. Our treatment as a PFIC could result in a reduction in the after-tax return to holders of Common Shares and would likely cause a reduction in the value of these shares. If we were determined to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, highly complex rules would apply to our U.S. shareholders. We would be considered a PFIC with respect to a U.S. shareholder if for any taxable year in which the U.S. shareholder held the Common Shares, either (i) 75% or more of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or (ii) the average value of our assets (during the taxable year) which produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least 50% of the average value of all assets for such year. Based on our income, assets and activities, we do not believe that we were a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our taxable year ended December 31, 2013 , and do not expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. No assurances can be made, however, that the Internal Revenue Service will not challenge this position or that we will not subsequently become a PFIC. In countries outside the U.S., other or similar tax regimes may apply and result in unfavorable tax treatment for any dividends received.
Provisions of our Articles of Association and Dutch law and an option we have granted may make it difficult to replace or remove management and may inhibit or delay a takeover.
Our Articles of Association (Articles) provide that our shareholders may only suspend or dismiss our Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors against their wishes with a vote of two-thirds of the votes cast if such votes represent more than 50% of our issued share capital. If the proposal was made by the joint meeting of the Supervisory Board and the Managing Board, a simple majority is sufficient. The Articles also provide that if the members of our Supervisory Board and our Managing Board

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have been nominated by the joint meeting of the Supervisory Board and Managing Board, shareholders may only overrule this nomination with a vote of two-thirds of the votes cast if such votes represent more than 50% of our issued share capital.
Certain other provisions of our Articles allow us, under certain circumstances, to prevent a third party from obtaining a majority of the voting control of our Common Shares through the issuance of Preference Shares. Pursuant to our Articles and the resolution adopted by our General Meeting of Shareholders, our Supervisory Board is entitled to issue Preference Shares in case of an intended takeover of our company by (i) any person who alone or with one or more other persons, directly or indirectly, have acquired or given notice of an intent to acquire (beneficial) ownership of an equity stake which in aggregate equals 20% or more of our share capital then outstanding or (ii) an “adverse person” as determined by the Supervisory Board. If the Supervisory Board opposes an intended takeover and authorizes the issuance of Preference Shares, the bidder may withdraw its bid or enter into negotiations with the Managing Board and/or Supervisory Board and agree on a higher bid price for our Shares.
In 2004, we granted an option to the Stichting Preferente Aandelen QIAGEN, or the Foundation ( Stichting ), subject to the conditions described in the paragraph above, which allows the Foundation to acquire Preference Shares from us. The option enables the Foundation to acquire such number of Preference Shares as equals the number of our outstanding Common Shares at the time of the relevant exercise of the option, less one Preference Share. When exercising the option and exercising its voting rights on these Preference Shares, the Foundation must act in our interest and the interests of our stakeholders. The purpose of the Foundation option is to prevent or delay a change of control that would not be in the best interests of us and our stakeholders. An important restriction on the Foundation’s ability to prevent or delay a change of control is that a public offer must be announced by a third party before it can issue (preference or other) protective shares that would enable the Foundation to exercise rights to 30% or more of the voting rights without an obligation to make a mandatory offer for all shares held by the remaining shareholders. In addition, the holding period for these shares by the Foundation is restricted to two years, and this protective stake must fall below the 30% voting rights threshold before the two-year period ends.
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors
Our future operating results may be affected by various risk factors, many of which are beyond our control. Certain statements included in this Annual Report and the documents incorporated herein by reference may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding potential future net sales, gross profit, net income and liquidity. These statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believe,” “hope,” “plan,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue” or other similar words. Reference is made in particular to the description of our plans and objectives for future operations, assumptions underlying such plans and objectives, and other forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on management’s current expectations and are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. We caution investors that there can be no assurance that actual results or business conditions will not differ materially from those projected or suggested in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. Factors which could cause such results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements include those set forth in the risk factors below. As a result, our future success involves a high degree of risk. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind that the risk factors could cause our actual results to differ significantly from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

Item 4.
Information on the Company
Description of our business
Company overview

QIAGEN is the world's leading provider of innovative Sample & Assay Technologies, based on market studies of United States and European market shares for our products and technologies. Our automated systems and our consumable products empower customers to transform raw biological samples into valuable molecular insights. Sample technologies are used to isolate DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid) and proteins from any biological sample, such as blood or tissue as well as plants and other samples that contain biological materials. Assay technologies are then used to amplify, enrich and provide results for analysis, such as the DNA of a virus or a mutation of a gene contained in a cancer cell, and these are supported by a portfolio of industry-leading bioinformatics solutions.
Our mission is to make improvements in life possible by enabling our customers to achieve outstanding success and breakthroughs in four general areas: Molecular Diagnostics, Applied Testing, Pharma and Academia. QIAGEN began operations in 1986 by introducing to the emerging biotechnology sector a novel method that standardized and dramatically

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accelerated the extraction and purification of nucleic acids-biological molecules such as DNA and RNA that are essential for life as carriers of genetic information. Since the introduction of that first ready-to-use Sample Technology kit, QIAGEN has expanded to become the global leader with a broad offering of Sample & Assay Technologies, including kits, assays, related automated systems and bioinformatics solutions, that cover the entire continuum from basic life sciences research to clinical diagnostics.
QIAGEN has become a trusted partner by enabling customers to obtain exciting insights with products that are considered standards for quality and reliability. It is estimated that more than two billion biological samples have been prepared or analyzed using QIAGEN Sample Technologies in laboratories around the world. Net sales of $1.30 billion in 2013 were composed of consumable kits and other revenues (88% of sales) and automated systems and instruments (12% of sales).
QIAGEN has leveraged its leadership position in Sample & Assay Technologies to build a strong global position in applications of these technologies for use in healthcare as clinical diagnostics, which involves our Molecular Diagnostics customer class and accounts for approximately 50% of net sales in 2013 . Commercial applications of molecular technologies are transforming healthcare by providing precise genetic information to guide prevention, profile diseases and personalize treatment strategies. Approximately 50% of total sales are to customers in Academia, Pharma and Applied Testing, which involve the use of these technologies in life sciences research, pharmaceutical new product development and non-healthcare commercial applications such as human identification / forensics, veterinary testing and food safety.

With a focus on innovation, QIAGEN markets more than 500 core products that are distributed in thousands of variations and combinations. Innovative products are continually being introduced to address new market opportunities or extend the life of existing product lines. We have made a number of strategic acquisitions to enhance our technology and product offerings. We have funded our growth through internally generated funds as well as through debt offerings and private and public sales of equity securities. QIAGEN shares are listed on the NASDAQ exchange under the ticker symbol “QGEN” and on the Frankfurt Prime Standard as “QIA.”
The company is registered under its commercial and legal name QIAGEN N.V. with the trade register ( kamer van koophandel ) of the Dutch region Limburg Noord under file number 12036979. QIAGEN N.V. is a public limited liability company ( naamloze vennootschap ) under Dutch law as a holding company. Our principal executive office is located at Spoorstraat 50, 5911 KJ Venlo, The Netherlands, and our telephone number is +31-77-320-8400.
As a holding company, QIAGEN conducts business through subsidiaries located throughout the world. Further information about QIAGEN can be found at www.qiagen.com . By referring to our website, we do not incorporate the website or any portion of the website by reference into this Annual Report.
Recent Developments
QIAGEN achieved a number of recent strategic milestones in the development of our business:

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QIAsymphony breaks through 1,000 placements: The QIAsymphony platform surpassed 1,000 cumulative placements in 2013, and the menu of test kits available for QIAsymphony continued to expand. QIAsymphony is the industry's first modular sample-to-result system that runs commercial assays as well as laboratory-developed tests. Demand for the QIAsymphony platform remains strong among customers in Molecular Diagnostics and the Life Sciences, driven by the broadest range of tests available on a platform. Important product launches are expanding the content menu for the QIAsymphony family of instruments, including the 2013 U.S. introduction of the therascreen EGFR RGQ PCR Kit as a companion diagnostic in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and European introductions of the artus CT/NG QS-RGQ Kit for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections; t he RespiFinder RG Panel, a multiplex assay for the detection and differentiation of 21 respiratory pathogens; and the artus C. difficile QS-RGQ Kit for detection of C. difficile , the first in a series of test kits for healthcare-associated infections. In late 2013, we submitted our entire QIAsymphony RGQ MDx platform for U.S. Food and Drug Administration review, including QIAsymphony SP for sample preparation, QIAsymphony AS for assay setup, and our real-time PCR detection module, Rotor-Gene Q MDx. We have a portfolio of approximately 35 assays in development for the Rotor-Gene Q MDx.
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Bioinformatics strategy brings leadership in biological analysis and interpretation: In 2013, we made two strategic acquisitions and began expanding our global leadership position in software solutions for the analysis and interpretation of complex biological data, especially in clinical research and diagnostics. New technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) now generate more data in a single year than was created in all prior history, and the analysis and interpretation of large amounts of data has become a critical challenge to success for many of our customers. We completed two acquisitions in 2013: Ingenuity Systems, Inc., a privately-held U.S.

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company that has created the market-leading, expertly curated knowledge system and software solutions to efficiently and accurately analyze and interpret the meaning of genomic data; and CLC bio, a privately-held company based in Aarhus, Denmark, that has created the leading commercial data analysis solutions used by many top academic, pharmaceutical and reference laboratory institutions. We provide these industry-leading solutions for use with data generated by any NGS platform, and we are also integrating them into our own products to create complete sample-to-insight workflows and strengthen our emerging offering in next-generation sequencing.
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NGS initiative moving ahead: QIAGEN is advancing a strategic initiative to create an industry-leading portfolio of products and services to drive the adoption of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical research and diagnostics. QIAGEN is creating differentiated solutions for workflow challenges. These solutions can accelerate the adoption of NGS in these targeted areas, particularly through improved automation compared to current systems to generate sequencing data as well as through the acceleration of data analysis and interpretation. Key elements include developing and commercializing an innovative sample-to-insight workflow incorporating the GeneReader TM benchtop NGS sequencer with the QIAcube and QIAcube NGS instruments for full automation of pre-analytical steps, and also integrating the market-leading biological data analysis, interpretation and reporting capabilities provided by CLC bio and Ingenuity. Another key element is commercializing “universal” solutions that are compatible with any NGS platform on the market and functional in a wide range of applications. Products launched to date include several pre-analytic kits, including the REPLI-g Single Cell Kit that enables sequencing from single cells and minute amounts of DNA with highly accurate results, and an expanding portfolio of GeneRead TM DNAseq gene panels for enrichment of targeted DNA regions, which are aligned with interpretation based on Ingenuity Variant Analysis. The current portfolio of nine cancer-focused gene panels is being expanded to 20 gene panels for use in cancer and other areas, including inherited diseases and cardiovascular conditions.
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Personalized Healthcare expands with product launches and new collaborations: We continue to advance our global leadership in companion diagnostics, which are molecular tests used to gather and analyze genomic information from individual patients to help physicians guide treatment decisions, through new product launches as well as new co-development agreements with leading pharmaceutical companies. In July 2013, the FDA approved the therascreen EGFR RGQ PCR Kit to guide the use of the new targeted therapy Gilotrif ® (afatinib) from Boehringer Ingelheim, which received FDA approval for use in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The EGFR approval follows the 2012 U.S. launch of the therascreen KRAS RGQ PCR Kit paired for use with Erbitux ® (cetuximab) from Eli Lilly and Company and Bristol-Myers Squibb for metastatic colorectal cancer patients. We also expanded our portfolio of co-development projects with pharmaceutical companies and added to the deep pipeline of promising biomarkers under development for Personalized Healthcare tests in rheumatoid arthritis, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, lymphoma and other cancers. In October 2013, we entered into a framework agreement with Clovis Oncology to co-develop and co-commercialize a companion diagnostic test to guide the use of CO-1686, which is in clinical development and targets an unmet clinical need in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) driven NSCLC for whom current EGFR-inhibiting drugs no longer control disease. In February 2013, we entered into a master collaboration agreement with Eli Lilly, building on the companies' past work together, providing for future development and commercialization of companion diagnostics paired with Lilly investigational and approved medicines across all therapeutic areas. In November 2013, we announced plans to develop and commercialize a new companion diagnostic with Lilly which will be paired with a novel but undisclosed Lilly oncology compound. In October 2012, we announced a collaboration with Bayer HealthCare for development and commercialization of companion diagnostics paired with novel Bayer drugs, initially to enhance the treatment of various solid tumors. The assays under development are designed to run on the QIAsymphony family of automated instruments.
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Exosome collaboration targets challenges in sample collection: We entered a partnership with Exosome Diagnostics Inc. in 2013 to develop and commercialize high-performance sample preparation kits for the processing of nucleic acids from exosomes in biofluids. The combined Exosome-QIAGEN technologies have the potential to allow researchers, drug developers and doctors to take repeated, real-time genetic "snapshots" of disease from patients' blood, urine or cerebrospinal fluid without the need for tissue biopsies. The exclusive agreement will cover co-development, manufacturing and commercialization of a full product line for the life science and translational medicine markets, subject to successful product performance. The product portfolio is also expected to create the basis for development and commercialization of clinical in vitro diagnostic products for a range of non-invasive personalized healthcare solutions.
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QIAGEN China launches care HPV Test: In March 2013, we launched the innovative care HPV Test in China as the world's first molecular diagnostic designed to screen for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in low-resource clinical settings, including areas lacking electricity, water or laboratories. QIAGEN gained approval for

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the care HPV Test from China's State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) at the end of 2012. In March 2012, we expanded access to our digene HPV Test across China through a co-marketing agreement with KingMed Diagnostics, China's largest independent laboratory network. The digene HPV Test was first registered in China in 2000 and is widely available in many of the country's top-tier hospitals and private labs. The KingMed agreement extended access to smaller hospitals, with KingMed functioning as a centralized laboratory.
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AmniSure assay benefits women's health business: In May 2012, we acquired AmniSure International LLC, including the AmniSure ® assay for determining whether a pregnant woman is suffering rupture of fetal membranes (ROM), a widespread cause of premature delivery and neonatal complications. This product, approved in the U.S. and many other markets, is expected to be catalytic for our Point of Need portfolio and synergistic to our presence in women's health. AmniSure provided an additional source of growth for us as we integrated this Point of Need product into our commercial operations.
Our Products
QIAGEN leverages our leadership in Sample & Assay Technologies across a wide range of applications and customer classes through more than 500 core consumable products (known as “kits”), as well as instrument solutions that automate the use of these products for sample preparation, analysis and interpretation. The terms “Sample” and “Assay” Technologies define two phases of the process of unlocking valuable molecular information from raw biological materials, generally in digital form:
Sample Technologies: We have developed and advanced a broad range of technologies to extract and purify molecules of interest from biological samples such as blood, bone, tissue, etc. QIAGEN technologies ensure that a biological sample is consistently processed in a highly reproducible, standardized method with the highest level of quality before entering subsequent analysis with assay technologies.
Assay Technologies: Building on our leadership in sample technologies, we have developed assays that enable the analysis of various kinds of molecules from virtually any biological sample. Assay technologies make information contained in isolated molecules visible and available for interpretation. Assays are tailor-made to address the specific needs of various research areas and commercial applications. Laboratory-Developed Test (LDT) assays enable the customer to target molecules of interest for detection using reagents in the kit on platforms such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Commercially approved assays are preconfigured by us to test for specific targets such as genetic mutations, gene expression levels, influenza, human papillomavirus (HPV), tuberculosis (TB), hepatitis, herpes virus or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
These technologies provide two main categories of revenue streams for QIAGEN:
Revenues from consumables and related sales :
Consumable products, typically sample preparation or test kits and related sales, account for approximately 85-90% of our net sales. To maximize customer convenience and reduce user error, these kits contain all necessary reagents and buffers, and a manual including protocols and relevant background information. Each kit is sufficient to support a number of applications, varying from one to more than 1,000 tests.
Major applications for our consumable products are plasmid DNA purification, RNA purification and stabilization; genomic and viral nucleic acid purification; nucleic acid transfection; PCR amplification; reverse transcription; DNA cleanup after PCR and sequencing; DNA cloning and protein purification. Our validated PCR assays enable detection of viral or bacterial pathogens and parasites in humans and animals, as well as pharmacogenomic testing and genotyping. Our largest-selling single product is the digene HC2 HPV Test, regarded as the “gold standard” in testing for high-risk strains of HPV, the primary cause of cervical cancer in women.
Related revenues include sales of bioinformatics solutions, including the Ingenuity and CLC software portfolios following these acquisitions in 2013, as well as royalties, milestone payments from co-development agreements with pharmaceutical companies for companion diagnostics, payments from technology licenses and patent sales. We also have revenue from custom services, such as whole genome amplification services, DNA sequencing, and non-cGMP DNA production on a contract basis.
Automation platforms and instruments:
Our instrumentation systems, which account for approximately 10-15% of net sales, automate the use of Sample & Assay Technologies into efficient solutions for a broad range of laboratory needs. These enable customers to perform reliable and reproducible processes, such as nucleic acid sample preparation, assay setup, target detection as well as complete workflow solutions.
We offer automated platforms for all phases of testing, from sample to result. Among them:

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QIAsymphony is an innovative, easy-to-use modular system that is making laboratory workflows more efficient and helping to disseminate standardized, regulator-approved diagnostics. In 2013, the installed base of QIAsymphony systems increased to more than 1,000 instruments worldwide, up from more than 750 at year-end 2012. The platform offers many features of interest to laboratories, such as continuous loading, random access, and the ability to process an almost unlimited range of sample types. QIAsymphony received the Association for Laboratory Automation's New Product Award (NPA) following its introduction in 2008. In late 2010, we launched QIAsymphony RGQ, an integrated system that has started a new era of integrated workflow consolidation and laboratory automation, covering all steps from initial sample processing to final result. QIAsymphony RGQ gives customers access to a broad menu of commercially available assays while also allowing them to run their own PCR-based LDTs, which account for more than half of the volume of tests performed in many molecular diagnostic laboratories.
Rotor-Gene Q is the world's first rotary real-time PCR cycler system, using real-time PCR reactions to make specific sequences of DNA and RNA visible through amplification and quantifiable through real-time measurement. This system enhances our options to offer sample and assay technology solutions spanning from sample to result, and is an integral part of the QIAsymphony RGQ system.
PyroMark is a high-resolution detection platform based upon Pyrosequencing technology that allows for the real-time analysis and quantification of genetic mutations and DNA methylation patterns down to the single base pair level. This enables users to identify even previously unknown mutations or variations in targeted DNA regions. This technology also can be employed in multiplex analysis for genetic and pathogen detection. Pyrosequencing plays a pivotal role in epigenetic research and also can be of great value to diagnostic laboratories running personalized healthcare and profiling assays.
QIAcube is a sample processing instrument incorporating novel and proprietary technologies that allows users to fully automate the use of almost all of our products originally designed for manual processing of samples. The QIAcube received the NPA honor in 2007 and has won various design awards.
QIAxcel is designed to replace traditional slab-gel analysis, eliminating tedious and time-consuming methods of nucleic acid separation in low- to high-throughput laboratories. QIAxcel is characterized by unprecedented sensitivity and time to results for analysis of DNA fragments and RNA.
ESE-Quant Tube Scanners are portable, battery-operated optical measurement devices based on technology developed by ESE GmbH, a company we acquired in 2010. These UV and fluorescence detection systems enable point of need testing in healthcare and applied testing markets. The ESE technology permits low-throughput molecular testing in physician practices, emergency rooms, remote field areas, and other settings where a laboratory infrastructure is not accessible and fast turnaround is required.
Customers
From the early days of the biotechnology revolution, QIAGEN believed that Sample & Assay Technologies for nucleic acids would play an increasingly important role in cutting-edge biology-and that the information extracted from DNA and RNA would be increasingly valuable in research, industry and healthcare. Since 1986, we have been supplying customers with a growing portfolio of innovative proprietary products for the analysis of nucleic acids.
We sell highly varied and flexible workflows for molecular testing, including sample and assay kits known as consumables and automated instrumentation platforms using those technologies, to four major customer classes:

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Molecular Diagnostics - healthcare providers supporting many aspects of patient care including prevention, profiling of diseases, personalized healthcare and point of need testing
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Applied Testing - government or industry customers using molecular technologies in fields such as forensics, veterinary diagnostics and food safety testing
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Pharma - drug discovery, translational medicine and clinical development efforts of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies
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Academia - researchers exploring the secrets of life such as the mechanisms and pathways of diseases, and in some cases translating that research into drug targets or commercial applications
Molecular Diagnostics
The ability of advanced diagnostic technologies to unlock molecular information from patients is changing the practice of medicine, while creating a significant and growing market for nucleic acid sample preparation and assay technology products. The dissemination of PCR and other amplification technologies has brought nucleic acid-based diagnostics into routine use in healthcare around the world, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) is in the early days of further transforming healthcare.

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Technologies for molecular diagnostics can be used to identify and profile microorganisms, cancer cells, bacteria and viruses by searching for their specific nucleic acid sequences or to characterize previously unknown DNA sequences related to human diseases. Commercial applications for molecular diagnostics are multiplying as researchers identify new biological markers for disease and develop novel technologies for detection and analysis of those diagnostic clues from the human body.
The molecular diagnostics market, with sales estimated by industry experts at approximately $5 billion in 2013, is still a small part of the global in vitro diagnostics market, but it is the fastest growing segment at a projected compound annual growth rate of 10% or more. Market penetration is still low in the U.S., other developed countries and emerging markets. However, given the advantages of precise genetic information over traditional tests, QIAGEN expects the molecular diagnostics market to provide significant growth opportunities over the long term.

Growth in the Molecular Diagnostics customer class is built upon four strategies for fighting disease, and QIAGEN is targeting each of these fields with a range of dedicated products and tailored marketing:
Prevention - using advanced technologies to screen non-symptomatic patients as a preventive strategy, such as testing women for HPV to protect from cervical cancer or screening patients for latent TB infection to guard against active TB disease.
Profiling - testing symptomatic patients to profile the precise type of disease, for example screening patients for various viral or bacterial infections that involve blood-borne diseases and healthcare-acquired infections, and in particular in at-risk patient groups, such as those having undergone organ transplantation.
Personalized Healthcare - determining which patients are most likely to respond positively to particular therapies, including landmark QIAGEN tests for testing the mutation status of genes such as KRAS, EGFR, BRAF and others that influence the effectiveness and safety profile of novel medicines for treatment of various cancers and other diseases.
Point of Need - enabling on-site diagnosis in physician practices, emergency rooms, remote field areas, and other settings where a laboratory infrastructure is not accessible and fast turnaround is required.
QIAGEN offers one of the broadest portfolios of molecular technologies for human healthcare. Success in Molecular Diagnostics depends on the ability to analyze purified nucleic acid samples from a variety of sources, including blood, tissue, body fluids and stool, on automated systems that can handle hundreds of samples concurrently. Other key factors are the range of assays targeting various diseases and biomarkers, convenience and ease of laboratory workflow, versatility, reliability and standardization of the nucleic acid processing and detection procedures.
One of the largest prevention markets is screening for HPV, a viral infection that is the primary cause of cervical cancer, which kills about 270,000 women a year worldwide. We are the global leader in HPV screening technologies, with our market-leading “gold standard” digene HC2 HPV Test and our emerging care HPV Test for use in low-resource regions of the world. In the U.S., we sell our HPV products primarily for two FDA-approved indications: adjunctive primary screening with a Pap test for women age 30 and older, and follow-up testing of inconsistent Pap test results in women of any age. In Europe and the rest of the world, HPV screening is growing based on clinical evidence and policy initiatives aimed at fighting cervical cancer.
The early-warning QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold test, which detects latent TB infection as a strategy for the prevention of TB disease in vulnerable populations, has become an important growth driver since QIAGEN's 2011 acquisition of the product with its developer, the Australian firm Cellestis Ltd. Approximately one-third of the world's population is estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be infected with the tuberculosis bacterium but do not exhibit any symptoms, a condition known as latent TB. However, about 5-10% of those patients with latent TB at some point are estimated to be at risk of developing active tuberculosis, a potentially life-threatening contagious disease that typical spreads from one active patient to 10 to 20 other people. The potential global market for latent TB detection is estimated at up to $1 billion.
In Profiling, we offer an extensive range of Sample & Assay Technologies for use in the diagnosis of patients for various infectious diseases. We are expanding this portfolio of assays and seeking regulatory approvals in additional markets. In 2013 we received European approvals of assays for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), as well as the healthcare-associated infection Claustridium difficile . In 2012, our assay for detection of Influenza A/B was approved for U.S. marketing by the FDA. A key element of our global content expansion is the use of these assay technologies on the QIAsymphony automation platform.
In Personalized Healthcare, we offer companion diagnostics to guide the selection of medicines in treating cancer and other diseases based on a broad portfolio of more than 30 biomarkers. In July 2013, QIAGEN achieved our second companion diagnostic approval from the FDA and introduced the therascreen ® EGFR RGQ PCR Kit for use in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); the therascreen ® KRAS RGQ PCR Kit for use in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, approved by the FDA in July 2012, has gained wide acceptance among healthcare providers and laboratories. QIAGEN's global leadership

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position in Personalized Healthcare includes Japan, where regulators approved the therascreen KRAS and EGFR kits in 2011, and Europe, where QIAGEN offers more than 10 CE-marked assays for personalized healthcare applications. QIAGEN has more than 15 projects under way to co-develop and market companion diagnostics with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. We have collaborative projects with high-profile companies such as Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb/ImClone, Eli Lilly, Pfizer and Sanofi. Ongoing acquisitions of biomarkers and other technologies contribute to our expanding co-development relationships. A key element of the global expansion in Personalized Healthcare is the ability of labs to efficiently use these assay technologies on our QIAsymphony platform.
We market a range of automation systems designed for low-, medium-, and high-throughput nucleic acid sample preparation and handling tasks in laboratories performing molecular diagnostics. The flagship platform is QIAsymphony, based on its unique characteristics. Nucleic acid samples purified on our instruments are ready for use in the demanding and sensitive downstream assays performed in molecular diagnostic applications. We offer closed and open assay technologies. (Open assay technologies contain PCR reagents to identify molecules of choice. Closed assays, diagnostics with predefined targets, include multiplexing and other pathogen or genetic mutation detection assays such as tests for HIV, tuberculosis, influenza or hepatitis.) We market assays directly to end customers via QIAGEN's sales channels, and selected assays through major diagnostic partners with complementary customer groups or other agreements with companies to broaden the distribution of our products.
Applied Testing

Use of molecular technologies is growing in more and more areas of life as industry and government organizations apply standardized sample preparation and assay solutions to diverse needs. Applied Testing is our term for applications outside of human healthcare and research - such as human identification and forensics, food and water safety, and veterinary testing. The value of genetic “fingerprinting” has been shown for criminal investigations or clarification of paternity or ancestry, public policy compliance for food safety and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and containment of diseases in commercial livestock. Molecular testing can be performed by well-trained researchers in fully equipped laboratories, and increasingly also by less-trained personnel provided with easy-to-use, reproducible and standardized methods for point of need testing. Our manual DNA and RNA purification methods and automated solutions on QIAsymphony, QIAcube, EZ1 Advanced, BioRobot EZ1 and other products, as well as our amplification enzymes and quantitative assays, address the needs in these markets.
Pharma
QIAGEN has significant relationships with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Drug discovery and translational research efforts increasingly employ genomic information, both to guide research in diseases and to differentiate the patient populations most likely to respond to particular therapies. We estimate that about half of QIAGEN sales in this customer class support research, while the other half supports clinical development processes, including stratification of patient populations based on genetic information. QIAGEN's GeneGlobe online portal (www.geneglobe.com) offers Pharma scientists an industry-leading source of information on disease pathways with searchable data on 60,000 genomic technologies and a platform for ordering related assays. Our Ingenuity and CLC bio informatics products, providing analysis and interpretation of sequencing results, also are widely used in pharmaceutical research.
As new drugs are commercialized, testing technologies developed in parallel with those therapies can move from Pharma R&D into the healthcare market as companion diagnostics, which are marketed in our Molecular Diagnostics customer class. Healthcare professionals use companion diagnostics to customize treatment by testing for specific genetic biomarkers that help determine the safety and efficacy profiles of drugs in individual patients, achieving the best possible therapeutic results and avoiding unnecessary treatments. In the coming years, we expect a wave of newly discovered biomarkers and companion diagnostics to transform the treatment of an increasing number of diseases.
In addition to the broad portfolio of molecular technologies, QIAGEN brings to the Pharma market a full infrastructure for co-development programs, intellectual property on platforms and content, extensive regulatory experience, global reach in our sales channels, and independence as a company focusing exclusively on these types of technologies.
Academia
QIAGEN provides Sample & Assay Technologies to leading research institutions around the world. While many academic laboratories continue to use manual, labor-intensive methods for nucleic acid separation and purification, QIAGEN has focused on enabling labs to replace time-consuming traditional methods with reliable, fast, highly reproducible, and high-quality nucleic acid extraction and purification technologies. QIAGEN often partners with leading institutions in research projects.
As academic institutions increasingly embrace translational research, bridging from discoveries to practical applications in medicine, our relationships in Academia also support our presence in the Molecular Diagnostics and Pharma customer classes.

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Research in university settings often helps in the development of specific technologies for targeted biomolecules, and academic research also can result in scientific publications that validate the usefulness of QIAGEN technologies for specific applications.
Global Presence by Geographic Market
QIAGEN currently markets products in more than 100 countries. The following table shows total revenue by geographic market for the past three years (net sales are attributed to countries based on the location of the subsidiary making the sale, as certain subsidiaries have international distribution):
(in thousands)
2013
2012
2011
Net Sales
Americas:
United States
$
532,651

$
518,130

$
466,502

Other Americas
60,166

42,921

55,137

Total Americas
592,817

561,051

521,639

Europe
482,008

459,321

444,441

Asia Pacific and Rest of World
227,159

234,084

203,667

Total
$
1,301,984

$
1,254,456

$
1,169,747


Expansion into high-potential geographic markets is a core priority. Our top seven emerging markets (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Korea, Mexico and Turkey) represented approximately 14% and 10% of net sales in 2013 and 2012, respectively. In 2013, our sales in the top seven emerging markets grew 24%, with gains in many key markets that more than offset weaker results in Korea. China represents our third-largest geographic market in terms of sales. In 2011, new subsidiaries were created in India and Taiwan, further expanding our presence in Asia.
Growth Drivers
We believe the combined global market for molecular diagnostics and molecular life science research products totals approximately $15 billion. Among the fundamental growth drivers in the industry are ongoing breakthroughs and insights into molecular biology, the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS), new technologies to analyze molecular information, use of diagnostics to improve the quality of healthcare and reduce costs, and revenue streams made possible through consumable products.
We have grown substantially in recent years with a flexible strategy to accelerate innovation and growth, including actions such as developing innovative new products, partnering, and acquiring companies or technologies to complement our portfolio.
We are building momentum by focusing on five growth drivers for 2014 and beyond:
QIAsymphony: We are driving global adoption of the QIAsymphony automation platform, with a target of 1,250 cumulative placements by year-end 2014, and expanding the content menu of test kits for the platform. Growing QIAsymphony placements and offering a broad menu of innovative consumables together drive sales growth.
Personalized Healthcare: We continue to develop and introduce companion diagnostics to guide the treatment of cancer and other diseases, as well as innovative sample technologies to support the care of patients. We also are a leading partner for pharmaceutical companies in co-developing products for personalized medicine.
QuantiFERON-TB: Having established leadership for QuantiFERON-TB in screening for latent tuberculosis in the United States and Europe, we are preparing to launch the product in China in 2014. In established geographic markets, we are targeting additional subpopulations of vulnerable patients, such as those with Type 2 diabetes.
Bioinformatics: Following the acquisitions of Ingenuity and CLC bio in 2013, we continue to drive the growth in sales of analysis and interpretation software for next-generation sequencing users. In addition, we are creating a leadership position in bioinformatics for the clinical research and diagnostic markets.
NGS workflow: QIAGEN is advancing on a strategic initiative to create an industry-leading portfolio of products and services to drive the adoption of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical research and diagnostics, particularly through differentiated solutions for workflow challenges involving automation compared to current systems to generate sequencing data as well as through the acceleration of data analysis and interpretation. Key

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elements include developing and commercializing an innovative sample-to-insight workflow incorporating the GeneReaderTM benchtop NGS sequencer with the QIAcube and QIAcube NGS instruments for full automation of pre-analytical steps, and also integrating the market-leading biological data analysis, interpretation and reporting capabilities provided by CLC bio and Ingenuity. Another key element is commercializing “universal” solutions that are compatible with any NGS platform on the market and functional in a wide range of applications.
Research and Development
We are committed to expanding our global leadership in Sample & Assay Technologies. Our strategy for managing innovation focuses on addressing the most significant unmet medical and scientific needs. We target our resources to develop the most promising technologies for use by our customers in Molecular Diagnostics, Applied Testing, Pharma and Academia – and to meet the needs of healthcare professionals and scientists in key geographic markets.
Innovation at QIAGEN follows parallel paths:
•
Creating new systems for automation of workflows – platforms for laboratories, hospitals and other users of these novel molecular technologies.
•
Expanding our broad portfolio of “content” – in particular, novel assays to detect and characterize molecular structures and biomarkers for disease or genetic identification.
Our research and development investments are among the highest compared to other companies in our industry. Approximately 800 employees in research and development work in nine centers of excellence on three continents. Our comprehensive intellectual property portfolio spans more than 1,000 granted patents and more than 900 pending applications.
Innovations in instrumentation are strengthening our leadership in the automation of laboratories, driving dissemination of molecular technologies in healthcare and other fields, and generating increased demand for our consumable products. We continue to extend our modular, medium-throughput QIAsymphony platform, enabling hospitals and other customers to adopt or greatly expand their use of molecular diagnostics. In late 2013, we submitted the full QIAsymphony RGQ MDx platform for regulatory approval in the United States. We also plan to integrate modules in the future for specialized needs such as next-generation sequencing. We are moving ahead on QIAGEN's initiative to create an industry-leading portfolio of products to drive adoption of next-generation sequencing in clinical research and diagnostics, including an innovative sample-to-insight workflow incorporating the GeneReader™ benchtop NGS sequencer, with commercialization planned for 2014.
We are commercializing a deep pipeline of content: molecular assays for preventive screening and diagnostic profiling of diseases, tests for important biomarkers to guide personalized cancer therapies, and assays for a broad range of other targets. The rollout of QIAsymphony RGQ is accompanied by an extensive development program involving assays for Molecular Diagnostics and other customer classes, and our next-generation sequencing initiative is generating product rollouts to enhance NGS research. In Applied Testing, we continue to develop new content for human identification, food safety and veterinary diagnostics. We are also expanding our extensive portfolio of products for disease pathway research by Pharma and Academic customers. In addition, we are developing assays for specific applications in key markets such as China and Japan. The total combined addressable markets for our current assay development portfolio approach $1 billion in potential annual sales.
In addition, we are investing in co-development of companion diagnostics for personalized healthcare through projects with pharmaceutical and biotech companies. These programs typically begin with development of targeted assays to assist our customers in the development of new drugs by identifying patient populations most likely to respond favorably to therapies. The collaborations have potential to develop into companion diagnostics marketed commercially along with the new drugs.
Sales and Marketing
We market our products in more than 100 countries throughout the world. We have established subsidiaries in markets we believe have the greatest sales potential in the Americas, Europe, Australia and Asia. We have established a network of experienced personnel who sell our products and provide direct support to customers. A significant number of marketing and sales staff members are experienced scientists with academic degrees in molecular biology or related areas. In addition, business managers oversee relationships with key accounts to ensure that we are is serving their needs on the commercial side, such as procurement systems, financing arrangements, data on the costs and value of our systems, and collaborations among organizations. We also have specialized independent distributors and importers in many markets.
Our marketing strategy focuses on providing high-quality products that offer customers unique value, coupled with commitment to technical excellence and customer service. We have developed a range of marketing tools to provide customers with direct access to technical support and to inform them of new product offerings, as well as to enhance our reputation for technical excellence, high-quality products and commitment to customer service. One such tool is our technical service hotline, which allows existing or potential customers to discuss a wide range of technical questions regarding our products and related

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molecular biology procedures, via phone or e-mail, with Ph.D. and M.Sc. scientists in our technical service group. Frequent communication with customers enables us to identify market needs, gain early insight into new developments and business opportunities, and address them with new products.
Our GeneGlobe online portal (www.geneglobe.com) has become a valuable outreach to life science researchers in Pharma and Academia by providing an industry-leading resource on disease pathways, biomarkers and genomic information. GeneGlobe provides searchable, annotated data on 60,000 pathway and gene-related technologies, with links to order products related to each avenue of investigation.
We also distribute several publications, including our catalog, to existing and potential customers worldwide, providing new product information, product updates, and articles by customers and by our scientists about existing and new applications. Our website ( www.qiagen.com ) contains a full online product catalog and ordering system, as well as a host of support tools, scientific design tools and other resources. We have full Japanese and Chinese language versions of our website, and some information is available on our site in French, German and Korean to support these markets. Information contained on our website, or accessed through it, is not part of this Annual Report. In addition, we hold numerous scientific seminars to present technical information at leading clinical, academic and industrial research institutes worldwide. We conduct direct marketing campaigns to announce new products or offer special promotions, and we offer personalized electronic newsletters with useful information for molecular biology applications.
In addition to keeping customers informed of new product offerings, we offer an inventory consignment program. The QIAcabinet is a storage cabinet owned by us and placed in customer laboratories at their request. Stocked with our products, the QIAcabinet offers customers the convenience of immediate access, reducing reorder procedures and shipping costs. We monitor cabinet inventory and bill the customers at regular intervals as products are used. QIAcabinet increases our visibility in the laboratory and helps maintain our competitive position, while reducing distribution costs.
Seasonality
Our business does not experience significant, predictable seasonality. Historically, a significant portion of our sales have been to researchers, universities, government laboratories and private foundations whose funding is dependent upon grants from government agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health and similar bodies. To the extent that our customers experience increases, decreases or delays in funding arrangements and budget approvals, and to the extent that any of our customers' activities are slowed, such as during times of higher unemployment, vacation periods or delays in the approval of government budgets, including the U.S. federal government's budget, we may experience fluctuations in sales volumes during the year or delays from one period to the next in the recognition of sales.
Intellectual Property, Proprietary Rights and Licenses
We have made and expect to continue to make investments in intellectual property. In 2013 , our purchases of intangible assets totaled $34.2 million . While we do not depend solely on any individual patent or technology, we are significantly dependent in the aggregate on technology that we own or license. Therefore, we consider protection of proprietary technologies and products one of the major keys to our business success. We rely on a combination of patents, licenses and trademarks to establish and protect proprietary rights. As of December 31, 2013 , we owned 233 issued patents in the United States, 156 issued patents in Germany and 889 issued patents in other major industrialized countries. We had 996 pending patent applications. Our policy is to file patent applications in Western Europe, the United States and Japan. U.S. patents have a term of 17 years from the date of issue (for patents issued from applications submitted prior to June 8, 1995), or 20 years from the date of filing (in the case of patents issued from applications submitted on or after June 8, 1995). Patents in most other countries have a term of 20 years from the date of filing the patent application. We intend to aggressively prosecute and enforce patents and to otherwise protect our proprietary technologies. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovation and licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our competitive position.
Our practice is to require employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators, sponsored researchers and other advisers to execute confidentiality agreements upon commencement of their relationships with us. These agreements provide that all confidential information developed by or made known to the individual during the course of the relationship is to be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties, subject to a right to publish certain information in scientific literature in certain circumstances and to other specific exceptions. In the case of our employees, the agreements provide that all inventions conceived by individuals in the course of their employment will be our exclusive property.
See “Risk Factors” included in Item 3 above for details regarding risks related to our reliance on patents and proprietary rights.
Competition

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In the Academic and Pharmaceutical markets, we believe our primary competition in sample technology products involves traditional separation and purification methods, such as phenol extraction, cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation, and precipitation. These methods utilize widely available reagents and other chemicals supplied by companies such as Sigma-Aldrich Corp. and Roche Diagnostics GmbH (Applied Sciences Division). We compete with these methods through our innovative technologies and products, which offer a comprehensive solution for nucleic acid collection, pre-treatment, separation and purification needs and provide significant advantages in speed, reliability, convenience, reproducibility and ease of use.
We also experience competition in various markets from other companies providing sample preparation products in kit form and assay solutions. These competitors include, but are not limited to, Promega Corp., EMD Millipore or Merck Millipore, and Macherey-Nagel GmbH for nucleic acid separation and purification; Thermo Fisher and Promega Corp. for assay solutions and for transfection reagents; and Sigma-Aldrich Corp. and Thermo Fisher for protein fractionation products. We believe our proprietary technologies and products offer significant advantages over competitors' products with regard to purity, speed, reliability and ease-of-use.
The medical diagnostics and biotechnology industries are subject to intense competition. In our HPV franchise within our molecular diagnostics customer class, we face competition from well-established diagnostic technologies, such as cytology, and from emerging HPV testing approaches, such as signal amplified testing, research-based PCR, other indicators of disease and other traditional testing methods developed by laboratories. Our competitors in the United States include companies such as Roche Diagnostics GmbH and Hologic, Inc., which have been marketing FDA-approved HPV testing products in the U.S. in recent years. We expect competition to intensify, but our leading position in the HPV market is supported by our marketing efforts and the data supporting our digene HPV Test. We believe we have a competitive advantage driven by the fact that close to 90 million of these tests have been distributed worldwide as well as a multitude of clinical trials encompassing more than one million women. A number of major U.S. customers for HPV screening products operate under multiyear contracts with us, in which we provide competitive pricing and other benefits.
Some of our other products within our molecular diagnostics customer class, such as tests for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus and CMV, compete against existing screening, monitoring and diagnostic technologies, including tissue culture and antigen-based diagnostic methodologies. Our competitors for gene-based diagnostic probes include Roche Diagnostics, Abbott, Siemens, Cepheid and Hologic. We believe the primary competitive factors in the market for gene-based probe diagnostics and other screening devices are clinical validation, performance and reliability, ease of use, standardization, cost, proprietary position, competitors' market shares, access to distribution channels, regulatory approvals and availability of reimbursement.
We do not believe our competitors typically have the same comprehensive approach to Sample & Assay Technologies as we do or the ability to provide the broad range of technologies and depth of products and services that we offer. With our complete range of manual and fully automated solutions, we believe we offer the value of standardization of procedures and, therefore, more reliable results. We also believe our integrated strategic approach gives us a competitive advantage. The quality of sample preparation-an area in which we have a unique market and leadership position-is a key prerequisite for reliable molecular assay solutions, which increasingly are being applied in emerging markets such as Molecular Diagnostics and Applied Testing.
Current and potential competitors may be in the process of seeking FDA or foreign regulatory approvals for their respective products. Our continued future success will depend in large part on our ability to maintain our technological advantage over competing products, expand our market presence and preserve customer loyalty. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively in the future or that development by others will not render our technologies or products non-competitive.
Suppliers
As part of our quality assessment procedures, we periodically evaluate the performance of our raw material and component suppliers, potential new alternative sources of such materials and components, and the risks and benefits of reliance on our existing suppliers. We buy materials for our products from many suppliers, and are not dependent on any one supplier or group of suppliers for our business as a whole. Raw materials generally include chemicals, raw separation media, biologics, plastics and packaging. Raw materials are generally readily available at competitive, stable prices from a number of suppliers. Certain raw materials are produced under our specifications, so we closely monitor stock levels to maintain adequate supplies. We believe we maintain inventories at a sufficient level to ensure reasonable customer service levels and to guard against normal volatility in availability.
Government Regulations
We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the European Union, the United States and other countries. The level and scope of the regulation varies depending on the country or defined economic region, but may include, among other things, the

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research, development, testing, clinical trials, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval, labeling, promotion and commercial sales and distribution, of many of our products.

European Union Regulations

In the European Union, in vitro diagnostic medical devices are regulated under EU-Directive 98/79/EC (IVD Directive) and corresponding national provisions. The IVD Directive requires that medical devices meet the essential requirements set out in an annex of the directive. These requirements include the safety and efficacy of the devices. According to the IVD Directive, the Member States presume compliance with these essential requirements in respect of devices which are in conformity with the relevant national standards transposing the harmonized standards of which the reference numbers have been published in the Official Journal of the European Communities. These harmonized standards include ISO 13485:2003, the quality standard for medical device manufacturers.
IVD medical devices, other than devices for performance evaluation, must bear the CE marking of conformity when they are placed on the market. The CE mark is a declaration by the manufacturer that the product meets all the appropriate provisions of the relevant legislation implementing the relevant European Directive. As a general rule, the manufacturer must follow the procedure of the EC Declaration of conformity to obtain this CE marking.
Each European country must adopt its own laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with the IVD Directive. Member States may not create any obstacle to the placing on the market or the putting into service within their territory of devices bearing the CE marking according to the conformity assessment procedures. On September 26, 2012, the European Commission (EC) adopted a proposal for new EU regulations for medical devices and IVDs that if finalized will impose additional regulatory requirements on IVDs used in the EU. In many countries outside of the United States, coverage, pricing and reimbursement approvals are also required. We are also required to maintain accurate information and control over sales and distributors’ activities that may fall within the purview of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, its books and records provisions and its anti-bribery provisions.

U.S. Regulations

In the United States, in vitro diagnostic kits are subject to regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical devices and must be cleared or approved before they can be marketed. Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as FDA refusal to approve pending NDAs, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties and criminal prosecution. In addition, some of our test kits are sold for research use only in the United States. We do not promote these tests for clinical diagnostic use, and they are labeled “For Research Use Only,” or RUO, as required by the FDA.

In Vitro Diagnostics
The FDA regulates the sale or distribution of medical devices, including in vitro diagnostic test kits and some in vitro diagnostic tests. The information that must be submitted to the FDA in order to obtain clearance or approval to market a new medical device varies depending on how the medical device is classified by the FDA. Medical devices are classified into one of three classes on the basis of the controls deemed by the FDA to be necessary to reasonably ensure their safety and effectiveness. Class I devices are subject to general controls, including labeling, pre-market notification and adherence to the FDA’s quality system regulations, which are device-specific good manufacturing practices. Class II devices are subject to general controls and special controls, including performance standards and post-market surveillance. Class III devices are subject to most of the previously identified requirements as well as to pre-market approval. All Class I devices are exempt from premarket review; most Class II devices require 510(k) clearance, and all Class III devices must receive premarket approval before they can be sold in the United States. The payment of a fee to the FDA is usually required when a 510(k) notice or premarket approval application is submitted.
510(k) Premarket Notification. A 510(k) notification requires the sponsor to demonstrate that a medical device is substantially equivalent to another marketed device, termed a “predicate device”, that is legally marketed in the United States and for which a premarket approval application (PMA) was not required. A device is substantially equivalent to a predicate device if it has the same intended use and technological characteristics as the predicate; or has the same intended use but different technological characteristics, where the information submitted to the FDA does not raise new questions of safety and effectiveness and demonstrates that the device is at least as safe and effective as the legally marketed device.
The FDA generally issues a decision letter within 90 days of receipt of the 510(k) if it has no additional questions or sends a

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first action letter requesting additional information within 75 days. Most 510(k)s do not require clinical data for clearance, but a minority will. Requests for additional data, including clinical data, will increase the time necessary to review the notice. If the FDA believes that the device is not substantially equivalent to a predicate device, it will issue a “Not Substantially Equivalent” letter and designate the device as a Class III device, which will require the submission and approval of a PMA before the new device may be marketed. Under certain circumstances, the sponsor may petition the FDA to make a risk-based determination of the new device and reclassify the new device as a Class I or Class II device. The FDA is currently reevaluating the 510(k) review process, and we cannot predict what if any changes will occur.
Premarket Approval. The PMA process is more complex, costly and time consuming than the 510(k) process. A PMA must be supported by more detailed and comprehensive scientific evidence, including clinical data, to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the medical device for its intended purpose. If the device is determined to present a “significant risk,” the sponsor may not begin a clinical trial until it submits an investigational device exemption (IDE) to the FDA and obtains approval from the FDA to begin the trial.
After the PMA is submitted, the FDA has 45 days to make a threshold determination that the PMA is sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review. If the PMA is complete, the FDA will file the PMA. The FDA is subject to a performance goal review time for a PMA that is 180 days from the date of filing, although in practice this review time is longer. Questions from the FDA, requests for additional data and referrals to advisory committees may delay the process considerably. The total process may take several years and there is no guarantee that the PMA will ever be approved. Even if approved, the FDA may limit the indications for which the device may be marketed. The FDA may also request additional clinical data as a condition of approval or after the PMA is approved. Any changes to the medical device may require a supplemental PMA to be submitted and approved before changed medical device may be marketed.
Any products sold by us pursuant to FDA clearances or approvals will be subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including record keeping requirements, reporting of adverse experiences with the use of the device and restrictions on the advertising and promotion of our products. Device manufacturers are required to register their establishments and list their devices with the FDA and are subject to periodic inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies. Noncompliance with applicable FDA requirements can result in, among other things, warning letters, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, recalls or seizures of products, total or partial suspension of production, refusal of the FDA to grant 510(k) clearance or PMA approval for new devices, withdrawal of 510(k) clearances and/or PMA approvals and criminal prosecution.

Regulation of Companion Diagnostic Devices

Diagnostic tests may be used in the determination of whether a drug should be prescribed for a patient, and are often referred to as in vitro companion diagnostic devices. In July 2011, the FDA issued a Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administrative Staff on In Vitro Companion Diagnostic Devices. The Draft Guidance applies to in vitro diagnostic companion diagnostic devices that provide information that is essential for the safe and effective use of a corresponding therapeutic drug. However, a novel in vitro diagnostic test that provides information that is useful in, but not a determining factor for the safe and effective use of a therapeutic product, would not be considered an IVD companion diagnostic device subject to the Draft Guidance. The FDA expects that the therapeutic sponsor will address the need for an approved or cleared IVD Companion Diagnostic Device in its therapeutic product development plan. The sponsor of the therapeutic product can decide to develop its own IVD Companion Diagnostic Device, partner with a diagnostic device sponsor to develop the appropriate IVD Companion Diagnostic Device, or explore modification of an existing IVD diagnostic device (its own or another sponsor’s) to accommodate the appropriate intended use. The FDA has approved a number of drug/diagnostic device companions in accordance with the Draft Guidance.

In September 2013, the FDA issued its final rule on the Unique Device Identifier. This rule now requires an additional registered identifier, including a special barcode, on all FDA regulated medical devices. The rule is implemented in phases with the first deadline of September 24, 2014 being established for all Class III medical devices. For QIAGEN, this impacts the hc2, QuantiFERON, and therascreen products. A task force has been established to ensure this deadline is met but this will place additional administrative and regulatory burden on these products for annual reporting of compliance to the new regulation. Class II and Class I products are required to have this same labeling by September 24, 2016 and 2018, respectively. The new rule will also require additional compliance oversight once implemented.

Some of our products are sold for research purposes in the U.S., and they are labeled “For Research Use Only” (RUO) or “for molecular biology applications.” In November 2013, the FDA issued a final Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff entitled, “Distribution of In Vitro Diagnostic Products Labeled for Research Use Only or Investigational Use Only.”  In the Guidance, RUO refers to devices that are in the laboratory phase of development, and investigational use only, or IUO, refers to devices that are in the product testing phase of development.  These types of devices are exempt from

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most regulatory controls. Because we do not promote our RUOs for clinical diagnostic use or provide technical assistance to clinical laboratories with respect to these tests, we believe that these tests are exempt from FDA’s premarket review and other requirements.  If the FDA were to disagree with our designation of any of these products, we could be forced to stop selling the product until appropriate regulatory clearance or approval has been obtained. Further, we believe that some of our RUOs may be used by some customers in their laboratory-developed tests (LDTs), which they develop, validate and promote for clinical use.  However, as previously noted, we do not promote these products for use in LDTs or assist in the development of the LDT tests for clinical diagnostic use.
HIPAA and Other Privacy and Security Laws

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, (HIPAA), as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) regulates uses and disclosures of identifiable health information (protected health information or PHI) in the hands of certain health care providers, health plans or health care clearing houses (covered entities). HIPAA regulates and limits covered entities’ uses and disclosures of PHI and requires the adoption of administrative, physical and technical security measures to keep PHI secure. HIPAA also applies to organizations that create, use or disclose PHI to provide services to or on behalf of covered entities (business associates). Business associates are required to comply with certain privacy and all of the security standards of HIPAA. Business associates and covered entities must also comply with breach notification standards established under HITECH. The HITECH breach notifications standards require covered entities to notify affected individuals, the government, and in some cases, local and national media in the event of a breach of PHI that has not been secured by encryption. The breach notification standards require business associates to notify covered entity customers of their own breaches of unsecured PHI so that the relevant covered entity may make required notifications.

Almost all states have adopted data security laws protecting the “personal information” of its residents. Personal information typically includes an individual’s name or initials coupled with social security, financial account, debit, credit or state-issued identification number or other information that could lead to identity theft. There is significant variability under these laws, but most require notification to affected individuals and the government in the event of breach, as well as compliance with certain security standards (such as encryption) and adoption of contractual protections for personal information. Many states have also adopted genetic testing and privacy laws. These laws typically require a specific, written consent for genetic testing as well as consent for the disclosure of genetic test results and otherwise limit uses and disclosures of genetic testing results.

We require the disclosure of whole genome sequences in order to analyze and interpret genomic data for research use by our customers. Most of our institutional and physician customers are covered entities under HIPAA and must obtain proper authorization or de-identify information so that we may provide services. When PHI is de-identified or when the disclosure of PHI is authorized by a patient, HIPAA does not impose any compliance obligations on the recipient. We are also subject to enforcement by state attorneys general who were given authority to enforce HIPAA under HITECH and who also enforce state data security laws. State data security laws apply directly to us to the extent that it acquires any personal information. Accordingly, we maintain an active privacy and data security program designed to address regulatory compliance issues.
Health information privacy and data security laws are complex, overlapping and rapidly evolving. As Company’s activities evolve and expand, additional laws may be implicated, for example, there are international privacy laws that impose restrictions on the access, use, and disclosure of health and other personal information. All of these laws impact Company’s business either directly or indirectly. Company’s failure to comply with these privacy laws or significant changes in the laws could significantly impact Company’s business and future business plans.

Compliance with Fraud and Abuse Laws

We have to comply with various U.S. federal and state laws, rules and regulations pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback laws and physician self-referral laws, rules and regulations. Violations of the fraud and abuse laws are punishable by criminal and civil sanctions, including, in some instances, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs, including Medicare and Medicaid.

Anti-Kickback Statute

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons from knowingly or willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce:
•
the referral of an individual for a service or product for which payment may be made by Medicare, Medicaid or other government-sponsored healthcare program; or
•
purchasing, ordering, arranging for, or recommending the ordering of, any service or product for which payment may be made by a government-sponsored healthcare program.

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The definition of “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including such items as gifts, certain discounts, waiver of payments, and providing anything at less than its fair market value.  In addition, several courts have interpreted the law to mean that if “one purpose” of an arrangement is intended to induce referrals, the statute is violated.

The Anti-Kickback Statue is broad and prohibits many arrangements and practices that are lawful in businesses outside of the healthcare industry. Recognizing that the Anti-Kickback Statute is broad and may technically prohibit many innocuous or beneficial arrangements, the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services (OIG) has issued regulations, commonly known as "safe harbors." These safe harbors set forth certain requirements that, if fully met, will assure healthcare providers, including medical device manufacturers, that they will not be prosecuted under the Anti-Kickback Statute. Although full compliance with these safe harbor provisions ensures against prosecution under the Anti-Kickback Statute, full compliance is often difficult and the failure of a transaction or arrangement to fit within a specific safe harbor does not necessarily mean that the transaction or arrangement is illegal or that prosecution under the Anti-Kickback Statute will be pursued. However, conduct and business arrangements that do not fully satisfy each applicable safe harbor may result in increased scrutiny by government enforcement authorities such as the OIG. The statutory penalties for violating the Anti-Kickback Statute include imprisonment for up to five years and criminal fines of up to $25,000 per violation. In addition, through application of other laws, conduct that violates the Anti-Kickback Statute can also give rise to False Claims Act lawsuits, civil monetary penalties and possible exclusion from Medicare and Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs. In addition to the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, many states have their own kickback laws. Often, these laws closely follow the language of the federal law, although they do not always have the same scope, exceptions, safe harbors or sanctions. In some states, these anti-kickback laws apply not only to payment made by a government health care program but also with respect to other payors, including commercial insurance companies.

Other Fraud and Abuse Laws

The federal False Claims Act (FCA) prohibits any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim or knowingly making, or causing to made, a false statement to obtain payment from the federal government. Those found in violation of the FCA can be subject to fines and penalties of three times the damages sustained by the government, plus mandatory civil penalties of between $5,500 and $11,000 for each separate false claim. Actions filed under the FCA can be brought by any individual on behalf of the government, a "qui tam" action, and such individual, known as a "relator" or, more commonly, as a "whistleblower," who may share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in damages and penalties or by way of settlement. In addition, certain states have enacted laws modeled after the FCA, and this legislative activity is expected to increase. Qui tam actions have increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of healthcare companies, including medical device manufacturers, to defend false claim actions, pay damages and penalties or be excluded from Medicare, Medicaid or other federal or state healthcare programs as a result of investigations arising out of such actions.

The OIG also has authority to bring administrative actions against entities for alleged violations of a number of prohibitions, including the Anti-Kickback Statute and the Stark Law. The OIG may seek to impose civil monetary penalties or exclusion from the Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs. Civil monetary penalties can range from $2,000 to $50,000 for each violation or failure plus, in certain circumstances, three times the amounts claimed in reimbursement or illegal remuneration. Typically, exclusions last for five years.

In addition, we must comply with a variety of other laws, such as laws prohibiting false claims for reimbursement under Medicare and Medicaid, all of which can also be triggered by violations of federal anti-kickback laws; the Health Insurance Portability and Accounting Act of 1996, which makes it a federal crime to commit healthcare fraud and make false statements; and the Federal Trade Commission Act and similar laws regulating advertisement and consumer protections.

There are also an increasing number of state “sunshine” laws that require manufacturers to provide reports to state governments on pricing and marketing information. Several states have enacted legislation requiring medical device companies to, among other things, establish marketing compliance programs, file periodic reports with the state, make periodic public disclosures on sales and marketing activities, and to prohibit or limit certain other sales and marketing practices. In addition, a federal law known as the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, now requires medical device manufacturers to track and report to the federal government certain payments and other transfers of value made to physicians and teaching hospitals and ownership or investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. The federal government will disclose the reported information on a publicly available website beginning in 2014. If we fail to track and report as required by these laws or to otherwise comply with these laws, we could be subject to the penalty provisions of the pertinent state and federal authorities.

Reimbursement


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United States

In the United States, payments for diagnostic tests come from several sources, including third party payors such as health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations; government health programs such as Medicare and Medicaid; and patients; and, in certain circumstances, hospitals or referring laboratories. For many years, federal and state governments in the United States have pursued methods to reduce the cost of these programs. For example, in 2010 the United States enacted major healthcare reform legislation known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Such changes have had, and are expected to continue to have, an impact on our business. At present, Medicare payment rates are affected by across-the-board federal budget cuts commonly referred to as “sequestration”. Under sequestration, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), the federal agency responsible for administering Medicare and Medicaid, reduced Medicare payments to providers by 2% annually beginning in 2013 and through 2023.

Code Assignment. In the United States, a third-party payor's decisions regarding coverage and payment are driven, in large part, by the specific Current Procedural Terminology, or CPT, code used to identify a test. The American Medical Association, or AMA, publishes the CPT, which is a listing of descriptive terms and identifying codes for reporting medical services and procedures. The purpose of the CPT is to provide a uniform language that accurately describes medical, surgical, and diagnostic services and therefore to ensure reliable nationwide communication among healthcare providers, patients, and third-party payors.

A manufacturer of in vitro diagnostic kits or a provider of laboratory services may request establishment of a Category I CPT code for a new product. Assignment of a specific CPT code ensures routine processing and payment for a diagnostic test by both private and government third-party payors.

The AMA has specific procedures for establishing a new CPT code and, if appropriate, for modifying existing nomenclature to incorporate a new test into an existing code. If the AMA concludes that a new code or modification of nomenclature is unnecessary, the AMA will inform the requestor how to use one or more existing codes to report the test.

While the AMA's decision is pending, billing and collection may be sought under an existing, non-specific CPT code. A manufacturer or provider may decide not to request assignment of a CPT code and instead use an existing, non-specific code for reimbursement purposes. However, use of such codes may result in more frequent denials and/or requests for supporting clinical documentation from the third-party payor and in lower reimbursement rates, which may vary based on geographical location.

In 2012, the AMA added 127 new CPT codes for molecular pathology services that became effective on January 1, 2013. These new CPT codes are biomarker specific and were designed to replace the previous methodology of billing for molecular pathology testing, which involved “stacking” a series of non-biomarker specific CPT codes together to describe the testing performed. The new CPT codes were issued final national reimbursement prices by CMS in November of 2013. These federal reimbursement amounts are widely acknowledged to be lower than the reimbursement obtained by the now outdated “stacking” method, but commercial payors and Medicare contractors are still in the process of solidifying their coverage and reimbursement policies for the testing described by these new CPT codes. The lower reimbursement amounts experienced in the field of molecular pathology testing may soon be extending to other codes on the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule as CMS initiates a 5-year long review of all CPT codes for clinical laboratory testing this year. This review is designed to adjust the reimbursement rates of the CPT codes describing clinical laboratory testing to reflect any changes in technology that have occurred since the CPT code went into effect. CMS will start with the oldest CPT codes on the Fee Schedule first, and acknowledges that adjustments could result in increases to payment amounts, but expects most adjustments to result in decreases.

Coverage Decisions. When deciding whether to cover a particular diagnostic test, private and government third-party payors generally consider whether the test is a contractual benefit and, if so, whether it is reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of illness and injury. Most third-party payors do not cover experimental services. Coverage determinations often are influenced by current standards of practice and clinical data, particularly at the local level. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) which is the government agency responsible for overseeing the Medicare program, has the authority to make coverage determinations on a national basis, but most Medicare coverage decisions are made at the local level by contractors that administer the Medicare program in specified geographic areas. Private and government third-party payors have separate processes for making coverage determinations, and private third-party payors may or may not follow Medicare's coverage decisions. If a third-party payor has a coverage determination in place for a particular diagnostic test, billing for that test must comply with the established policy. Otherwise, the third-party payor makes reimbursement decisions on a case-by-case basis.


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Payment . Payment for covered diagnostic tests is determined based on various methodologies, including prospective payment systems and fee schedules. In addition, private third-party payors may negotiate contractual rates with participating providers or set rates as a percentage of the billed charge. Diagnostic tests furnished to Medicare inpatients generally are included in the bundled payment made to the hospital under Medicare's Inpatient Prospective Payment System. Payment for diagnostic tests furnished to Medicare beneficiaries in most other circumstances is made based on the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule, under which a payment amount is assigned to each covered CPT code. The law technically requires fee schedule amounts to be adjusted annually by the percentage increase in the consumer price index (CPI) for the prior year, but Congress has frozen payment rates in certain years. Medicaid programs generally pay for diagnostic tests based on a fee schedule, but reimbursement varies by state.

European Union

In the European Union the reimbursement mechanisms used by private and public health insurers vary by country.  For the public systems reimbursement is determined by guidelines established by the legislator or responsible national authority. As elsewhere, inclusion in reimbursement catalogues focuses on the medical usefulness, need, quality and economic benefits to patients and the healthcare system. Acceptance for reimbursement comes with cost, use and often volume restrictions, which again can vary by country.

We are subject to laws and regulations related to the protection of the environment, the health and safety of employees and the handling, transportation and disposal of medical specimens, infectious and hazardous waste and radioactive materials. For example, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established extensive requirements relating specifically to workplace safety for healthcare employers in the U.S. This includes requirements to develop and implement multi-faceted programs to protect workers from exposure to blood-borne pathogens, such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, including preventing or minimizing any exposure through needle stick injuries. For purposes of transportation, some biological materials and laboratory supplies are classified as hazardous materials and are subject to regulation by one or more of the following agencies: the U.S. Department of Transportation, the U.S. Public Health Service, the United States Postal Service and the International Air Transport Association.

Conflict Minerals
Recent U.S. legislation has been enacted to improve transparency and accountability concerning the sourcing of conflict minerals” from mines located in the conflict zones of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and its adjoining countries. The term conflict minerals currently encompasses tantalum, tin, tungsten (or their ores) and gold. Certain of our instrumentation product components which we purchase from third party suppliers do contain gold. This U.S. legislation requires manufacturers, such as us, to investigate our supply chain and disclose if there is any use of conflict minerals originating in the DRC or adjoining countries. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of, and developing an implementation strategy to comply with this legislation.
Organizational Structure
QIAGEN N.V. is the holding company for more than 50 consolidated subsidiaries, many of which have the primary function of distributing our products and services on a regional basis. Certain subsidiaries also have research and development or production activities. A listing of our significant subsidiaries and their jurisdictions of incorporation is included in Exhibit 8.1 to this Annual Report.
Description of Property
Our production and manufacturing facilities for consumable products are located in Germany, the United States, China, France, and the United Kingdom. In recent years, we have made investments in automated and interchangeable production equipment to increase our production capacity and improve efficiency. Our production and manufacturing operations are highly integrated and benefit from sophisticated inventory control. Production management personnel are highly qualified, and many have advanced degrees in engineering, business and science. We also have installed and continue to expand production-planning systems that are included in our integrated information and control system based on the SAP R/3 business software package from SAP AG. Worldwide, we use SAP software to integrate most of our operating subsidiaries. Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment totaled $84.5 million , $102.0 million and $86.8 million for 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively.
We have an established quality system, including standard manufacturing and documentation procedures, intended to ensure that products are produced and tested in accordance with the FDA's Quality System Regulations, which impose current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) requirements. For cGMP production, special areas were built in our facilities in Hilden, Germany, and Germantown and Gaithersburg, Maryland. These facilities operate in accordance with cGMP requirements.

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The consumable products manufactured at QIAGEN GmbH in Germany, and QIAGEN Sciences, LLC. and QIAGEN Gaithersburg, Inc., both in Maryland, are produced under ISO 9001: 2008, ISO 13485:2003, ISO 13485:2003 CMDCAS, and the EC Directive 98/79/EC. Our certifications form part of our ongoing commitment to provide our customers high-quality, state-of-the-art Sample & Assay Technologies and to the development of our Total Quality Management system.
Our facilities in Hilden, Germany, currently occupy a total of approximately 750,000 square feet, some of which is leased pursuant to separate contracts, the last of which expires in 2018. Our production capacity is increased through our manufacturing and research facilities in the United States. QIAGEN Sciences, LLC owns a 27-acre site in Germantown, Maryland. The 285,000 square foot Germantown facility consists of several buildings in a campus-like arrangement and is intended to accommodate over 500 employees. There is room for future expansion of up to 300,000 square feet of facility space. We lease a facility in Gaithersburg, Maryland, comprising a total of 150,000 square feet and 40,000 square feet in Frederick, Maryland for manufacturing, warehousing, distribution and research operations.
In 2009, we purchased additional land adjacent to our facility in Hilden, Germany, for EUR 2.5 million (approximately $3.2 million) and began construction to further expand our facilities for research and development and production. In 2010, we began construction on expansion of our research, production and administrative space in Germantown, Maryland. Both projects were completed at a total cost of $97.2 million as of December 31, 2013 . There are two additional small expansion projects in Maryland that will be started in 2014 and are estimated to be completed in 2015. We anticipate being able to fund these expansions with cash generated by operating activities.
Other subsidiaries throughout the world lease smaller amounts of space. Our corporate headquarters are located in leased office space in Venlo, The Netherlands.
We believe our existing and planned production and distribution facilities can support anticipated production needs for the next 36 months. Our production and manufacturing operations are subject to various federal, state, and local laws and regulations including environmental regulations. We do not believe we have any material issues relating to these laws and regulations.
Item 4A.
Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
This section contains a number of forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current management expectations, and actual results may differ materially. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ from management’s expectations are those described in “Risk Factors” and “Forward-looking and Cautionary Statements” in Item 3 of this Annual Report.
Results of Operations
Overview
We are the world's leading provider of innovative Sample & Assay Technologies, based on independent market studies of United States and European market shares for our products and technologies. Our automated systems and consumable products empower customers to transform raw biological samples into valuable molecular insights. Sample technologies are used to isolate DNA, RNA and proteins from any biological sample, such as blood or tissue. Assay technologies are then used to amplify, enrich and provide results for analysis of biomolecules, such as the DNA of a virus or a mutation of a gene.
We sell our products, sample and assay kits known as consumables and automated instrumentation systems using those technologies, to four major customer classes:

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Molecular Diagnostics - healthcare providers supporting many aspects of patient care including prevention, profiling of diseases, personalized healthcare and point of need testing
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Applied Testing - government or industry customers using molecular technologies in fields such as forensics, veterinary diagnostics and food safety testing
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Pharma - drug discovery and development efforts of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies
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Academia - researchers exploring the secrets of life such as the mechanisms and pathways of diseases, and in some cases translating that research into drug targets or commercial applications


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We market products in more than 100 countries throughout the world. We have established subsidiaries in markets we believe have the greatest sales potential, including countries throughout Europe, Asia, the Americas and Australia. We also work with specialized independent distributors and importers. As of December 31, 2013 , we employed more than 4,000 people in more than 35 locations worldwide.
In 2013 , operating income on a consolidated basis was $63.3 million , a 63% decrease from $169.8 million in 2012 , which in turn was a 71% increase compared from $99.6 million in 2011 . The 2013 decline reflects the impact of restructuring-related charges in 2013. Operating income in 2011 was also negatively impacted by a restructuring-related charge in the fourth quarter of 2011.

We have delivered five-year compound annual growth rates of approximately 8% in net sales and -5% in net income through 2013 , as reported under U.S. GAAP. The decline in net income primarily reflects the impacts of our recent restructuring efforts. We have funded our growth through internally generated funds, debt, and private and public sales of equity securities.
Recent Acquisitions
We have made a number of strategic acquisitions since 2011, expanding our technology and product offerings as well as extending our geographic presence. These transactions include:
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In August 2013, we acquired CLC bio, a global leader in bioinformatics software with a focus on next-generation sequencing (NGS). This acquisition creates a complete workflow from biological sample to valuable molecular insights. CLC bio, a privately-held company based in Aarhus, Denmark, was founded in 2005 and has created the leading commercial data analysis solutions and workbenches for NGS. The addition of this portfolio follows our recent acquisition of Ingenuity Systems, Inc., the market leader in solutions for handling biological data through the interpretation and reporting stages. CLC bio’s leading products are CLC Genomics Workbench, a comprehensive and user-friendly analysis package for analyzing, comparing and visualizing NGS data; and CLC Genomics Server, a flexible enterprise-level infrastructure and analysis backbone for NGS data analysis.

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In April 2013, we acquired Ingenuity Systems, Inc., the leading provider of software solutions that efficiently and accurately analyze and interpret the biological meaning of genomic data. Ingenuity, a privately-held U.S. company based in California's Silicon Valley, created a market leading, expertly curated knowledge system of biomedical information and analysis solutions for the exploration, interpretation and analysis of complex biological systems. New technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) are now generating more data in a single year than was created in all prior history, making the analysis and interpretation of this extensive and very complex biological data a critical success factor.

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In June 2012, we unveiled an initiative to enter targeted areas of the NGS market, including our acquisition during 2012 of Intelligent Bio-Systems, Inc., which added important expertise, intellectual property rights and innovative technologies in this rapidly growing area. Our NGS initiative aims to expand the use of these technologies from the current focus on life science research into routine use in translational research and clinical diagnostics.

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In May 2012, we acquired AmniSure International LLC, including the AmniSure ® assay for determining whether a pregnant woman is suffering rupture of fetal membranes (ROM), a widespread cause of premature delivery and neonatal complications. This product, which is approved in the U.S. and many other markets, is a key addition to our Point of Need portfolio.

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In August 2011, we acquired Cellestis Ltd., an Australian company that created the proprietary “pre-molecular” QuantiFERON ® technology. The early-warning QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold test, which detects latent tuberculosis (TB) infection as a strategy for the prevention of active TB disease in vulnerable populations, has become an important growth driver as we continue to expand the market.

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In July 2011, we purchased a majority of the shares of Ipsogen S.A., a publicly listed French company that is a global leader in molecular profiling and personalized healthcare diagnostics for a broad range of blood cancers. Through a public tender offer for the remaining shares, we had acquired 89% of the shares of Ipsogen by year-end 2013. We intend to fully acquire Ipsogen through future public offers. Effective January 1, 2013, Ipsogen was renamed QIAGEN Marseille and its sales and distribution networks were integrated with our commercial operations.
Our financial results include the contributions of our recent acquisitions from the date of acquisition, as well as costs related to the acquisitions and integrations of the acquired companies, such as the relocation and closure of certain facilities.

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We determined that we operate as one business segment in accordance with ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting . Our chief operating decision maker (CODM) makes decisions on business operations and resource allocation based on evaluations of the QIAGEN Group as a whole. With revenues derived from our entire product and service offerings, it is not practicable to provide a detail of revenues for each group of similar products and services or for each customer group, as full discrete financial information is not available. Considering the acquisitions made during 2013, we determined that we still operate as one business segment. However, we do provide certain revenue information by customer class to allow better insight into our operations. This information is estimated using certain assumptions to allocate revenue among the customer classes.
Year Ended December 31, 2013 , Compared to 2012
Net Sales
In 2013 , net sales increased 4% to $1.30 billion compared to $1.25 billion in 2012 , driven by growth in all regions and led by the Molecular Diagnostics (+7%) and Applied Testing (+6%) customer classes. Higher sales of consumables and other revenues (+5%) more than offset lower instrument sales (-4%). Total net sales growth was split about evenly between the existing product portfolio and the acquisitions of Ingenuity (acquired April 29, 2013), CLC bio (acquired August 22, 2013) and AmniSure International LLC (acquired May 3, 2012). Currency movements had little impact on total reported sales growth.
In 2013, consumable and related revenues (approximately 88% of net sales) rose 5% compared to 2012. Sales from the Ingenuity and CLC bio portfolios (acquired in 2013 and recorded in this product category) contributed to the performance in all customer classes. Sales of instruments (approximately 12% of net sales) declined 4% in 2013 compared to 2012 and reflect the impact of the focus on reaching multi-year reagent rental placements of the QIAsymphony automation platform.
Net sales in the Americas (+5%, 48% of net sales) advanced on higher contributions from Mexico, Brazil and the U.S. The Asia-Pacific / Japan region (+0%, 19% of net sales) advanced on sales gains in China and India, but these were offset by unfavorable currency movements. The Europe / Middle East / Africa region (+4%, 32% of net sales) rose on improving performance in particular in Turkey, the United Kingdom and the Nordic countries. The top seven emerging markets (China, Brazil, Turkey, Korea, India, Russia and Mexico) delivered 24% growth in 2013 and represented 14% of sales, with gains in many key markets more than offsetting weaker results in Korea.
Molecular Diagnostics, which represents approximately 50% of net sales, benefited in 2013 from important growth drivers, as high-single-digit gains in consumables more than offset lower instrument sales. In Prevention, the QuantiFERON-TB test for detection of latent tuberculosis (TB) grew more than 25% and represented approximately 6% of total net sales. Global results for HPV testing products (-4%, 16% of net sales) were mixed, as sales in the U.S. declined approximately 14% and in line with our expectations, while sales in the rest of the world advanced at a double-digit rate. In Profiling, the growing installed base of QIAsymphony platforms led to double-digit growth in consumables. Personalized Healthcare sales of companion diagnostic assays were higher despite challenging developments in the U.S. reimbursement landscape. We also entered into several new co-development projects during 2013, but revenues were significantly lower compared to 2012, due mainly to the timing of milestone payments. In Point of Need, the AmniSure portfolio maintained a double-digit growth pace.
Applied Testing, which represents approximately 8% of net sales, achieved 6% growth in 2013 compared to 2012 , with this customer class returning to growth during the second half of the year. Solid gains in consumables more than offset lower instrument sales compared to the very strong performance in 2012, which included significant revenue contributions from the launch of the full QIAsymphony automation platform to these customers.
Pharma, which represents approximately 19% of net sales, rose 2% in 2013 compared to 2012 on growth of instruments and consumables in all geographic regions. The improved performance was underpinned by the first-time contributions of the Ingenuity and CLC bio acquisitions completed during 2013. Industry restructuring activities weighed on growth opportunities, particularly in Europe.
Academia, which represents approximately 23% of net sales, experienced a 2% decline in 2013 compared to 2012 , reflecting the adverse impact in 2013 of increasingly challenging government funding trends, particularly in the U.S. with the implementation of sequestration budget cuts and austerity measures in certain European countries. Instrument sales declined at a mid-single-digit pace, while modest growth in consumables was driven by the first-time contributions of Ingenuity and CLC bio. Government funding trends are expected to improve during the course of 2014, particularly in the U.S. based on budget agreements reached in Congress, but funding is largely expected to remain below levels seen in previous years.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $815.5 million , or 63% of net sales, in 2013 , compared to $824.0 million , or 66% of net sales, in 2012 . Consumable products (including sample and assay kits as well as bioinformatics solutions) have a higher gross margin than our instruments and service arrangements. Fluctuations in the sales levels of these products and services will have an impact on the

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gross margin between periods. Additionally in 2013, in connection with our restructuring efforts, a charge of $40.6 million was recorded in cost of sales, which consisted primarily of $25.2 million involved impairments primarily due to the discontinuation of development programs, $6.5 million for contract termination costs, $5.1 million for the write-off of inventory, and $3.5 million for personnel costs.
Amortization expense related to developed technology and patent and license rights acquired in a business combination is included in cost of sales. The amortization expense on acquisition-related intangibles within cost of sales decreased slightly to $77.9 million in 2013 from $78.5 million in 2012 . Acquisition-related intangible amortization would increase in the future should we make further acquisitions.
During 2012, a total of $3.1 million was expensed as acquisition and restructuring-related cost of sales. These included costs related to the relocation of production facilities as well as the write-up of acquired inventory to fair market value as a result of business combinations. In accordance with purchase accounting rules, acquired inventory was written up to fair market value and subsequently expensed as the inventory was sold. Additionally, we recorded reversals of $6.7 million related to changes in the fair value of contingent consideration and $4.6 million related to acquired contingent liabilities.

Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased by 19% to $146.1 million (11% of net sales) in 2013 , compared to $122.5 million (10% of net sales) in 2012 . Research and development expense was also negatively affected by $2.1 million of currency exchange impact in 2013. The increase in research and development expense in 2013 primarily reflects the May 2013 acquisition of Ingenuity. Our business combinations, along with the acquisition of new technologies, may continue to increase our research and development costs. As we continue to discover, develop and acquire new products and technologies, we expect to incur additional expenses related to facilities, licenses and employees engaged in research and development efforts. Additionally, research and development costs are expected to increase as a result of seeking regulatory approvals, including U.S. FDA Pre-Market Approval (PMA), U.S. FDA 510(k) clearance and EU CE approval of certain assays or instruments. We have a strong commitment to innovation and expect to continue to make investments in our research and development efforts.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses increased 8% to $371.5 million (29% of net sales) in 2013 from $343.5 million (27% of net sales) in 2012 . Sales and marketing expenses are primarily associated with personnel, commissions, advertising, trade shows, publications, freight and logistics expenses, medical device excise tax and other promotional expenses. The increase in sales and marketing expenses primarily reflects the acquisitions in 2013 and the first year of medical-device excise tax. The increase was partially offset by $1.1 million of favorable currency exchange impact in 2013. On January 1, 2013, the United States began imposing a 2.3% excise tax on the sale, including leases, of any “taxable medical device,” that is any FDA-regulated device intended for human use, under the U.S. healthcare reform laws enacted in 2010. The excise tax is included in sales and marketing expense. We anticipate that sales and marketing costs will continue to increase along with new product introductions and growth in sales of our products.
General and Administrative, Restructuring, Integration and Other
General and administrative, business integration, restructuring and related costs increased by 31% to $199.1 million (15% of net sales) in 2013 from $152.1 million (12% of net sales) in 2012 . The net increase includes $78.1 million in restructuring costs in 2013 related to internal restructuring of subsidiaries, including severance and retention costs, plus increased costs in connection with our acquisitions, partially offset by operational efficiencies. This includes fixed and intangible asset impairment charges of $11.8 million primarily due to the discontinuation of development programs. The restructuring costs primarily relate to a project we began in late 2011 to enhance productivity by streamlining the organization and reallocating resources to strategic initiatives to help drive growth and innovation, strengthen our industry leadership position and improve longer-term profitability. This project eliminated organizational layers and overlapping structures, actions that will enhance our processes, speed and productivity. In connection with the integration of the acquired companies, we aim to improve efficiency in general and administrative operations. Additionally, general and administrative, integration and related costs increased by $2.5 million due to currency impact in 2013, compared to the same period of 2012. During 2013, we incurred acquisition transaction costs of approximately $2.0 million, primarily in connection with the acquisitions of Ingenuity and CLC bio. As we further integrate the acquired companies and pursue other opportunities to gain efficiencies, we expect to continue to incur additional business integration and restructuring costs in 2014. Over time, we believe the integration and restructuring activities will reduce expenses as we improve efficiency in operations.
Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization

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Amortization expense related to developed technology and patent and license rights acquired in a business combination is included in cost of sales. Amortization of trademarks and customer base acquired in a business combination is recorded in operating expense under the caption “acquisition-related intangible amortization.” Amortization expenses of intangible assets not acquired in a business combination are recorded within cost of sales, research and development, or sales and marketing line items based on the use of the asset.
During 2013 , amortization expense on acquisition-related intangibles within operating expense decreased to $35.5 million , compared to $36.1 million in 2012 . We expect acquisition-related intangible amortization will increase as a result of our future acquisitions.
Other Income (Expense)
Other expense was $26.0 million in 2013 , compared to $24.7 million in 2012 . Total other expense is primarily the result of interest expense partially offset by interest income and gains on foreign currency transactions.
For the year ended December 31, 2013 , interest income decreased to $2.3 million from $2.4 million in 2012 . Interest income primarily reflects the changes in our cash and short-term investments and the changing interest rates thereon.
Interest expense increased to $30.9 million in 2013 , compared to $23.5 million in 2012 . Interest costs primarily relate to debt, discussed in Note 15 in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Interest expense increased primarily as a result of the $400.0 million of new senior unsecured notes issued in October 2012.
For the year ended December 31, 2013 , foreign currency gains of $5.6 million were realized compared to a loss of $7.2 million in 2012 .
Provision for Income Taxes
In 2013 and 2012 , our effective tax rates were (85)% and 11%, respectively. Our operating subsidiaries are exposed to effective tax rates ranging from zero up to more than 40%. Fluctuations in the distribution of pre-tax (loss) income among our operating subsidiaries can lead to fluctuations of the effective tax rate in the consolidated financial statements. Our negative rates in 2013 are primarily the result of restructuring charges and impairments which are attributable to higher taxed jurisdictions.
Year Ended December 31, 2012, Compared to 2011
Net Sales
In 2012, net sales increased 7% to $1.25 billion compared to $1.17 billion in 2011. This increase in net sales was driven by business expansion in all customer classes - particularly Molecular Diagnostics and Applied Testing - and all geographic regions. Contributions from the acquisitions of Ipsogen (until July 2012), Cellestis (until August 2012) and AmniSure (acquired in May 2012) provided six percentage points of total growth, and the rest of our portfolio provided four percentage points. Currency movements had a negative impact of three percentage points on reported sales growth. In 2012, consumable and related revenues, which represent approximately 87% of total sales, increased 7% as compared to 2011. Sales of instrumentation products, which represent 13% of net sales, increased 7% in 2012. Instrument sales benefited during 2012 from demand for a broad range of QIAGEN instruments. We exceeded our 2012 goal for more than 200 new placements of the QIAsymphony automation platform, reaching an installed base of more than 750 platforms. Approximately 70% of total QIAsymphony placements as of the end of 2012 have been with Molecular Diagnostics customers, primarily through reagent rental agreements where revenues are recognized over multi-year periods. Demand also has been strong among Applied Testing customers.
The Asia-Pacific / Japan region (+14% growth, 19% of sales) grew at a robust pace in 2012 on improving demand in China, Japan and our top emerging markets which include India and Korea. Results in the Europe / Middle East / Africa region (+2% growth, 33% of sales) advanced on higher sales in northern European countries and growth in all customer classes. The Americas (+8% growth, 47% of sales) rose on higher contributions from Molecular Diagnostics and Applied Testing, more than offsetting lower HPV sales in the region.
In Molecular Diagnostics, which represents approximately 49% of net sales, we achieved an increase of 13% of net sales in 2012 compared to 2011. Healthcare-related sales advanced in 2012, driven by new products and solid demand for instruments, particularly the QIAsymphony automation platform. In Prevention, the QuantiFERON-TB test (acquired with Cellestis in 2011) achieved growth in 2012 on initiatives in the U.S. and Europe to drive greater use of this new test for latent tuberculosis (TB). Full-year 2012 sales of products used in HPV testing performed in line with expectations, as steady volumes in the U.S. were more than offset by pricing pressure from the implementation of multi-year customer agreements. Personalized Healthcare

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delivered ongoing strong growth on global demand for the therascreen portfolio of companion diagnostic kits - particularly the KRAS test launched in mid-2012 after FDA approval for use in metastatic colorectal cancer patients - as well as higher revenues from co-development projects with pharmaceutical companies. In Point of Need, the AmniSure assay for premature rupture of fetal membranes in pregnant women provided important contributions after its acquisition in May 2012.
In Applied Testing, which represents approximately 8% of net sales, we achieved 19% growth in 2012 compared to 2011, primarily on strong demand for consumables used in in human identification / forensics, veterinary medicine and food safety. Instrument sales also advanced in 2012, particularly following the early 2012 launch of assays for use on the QIAsymphony automation platform.
In Pharma, which represents approximately 19% of net sales, we experienced 3% growth in 2012 compared to 2011, led by a demand for products used in oncology research as well as the GeneGlobe portfolio. Also contributing to the growth was ongoing expansion of Certal products used on QIAsymphony for quality control in biopharmaceutical processing. However, growth rates were slower in the second half of 2012 as restructuring activities at some pharmaceutical companies impacted results.
In Academia, which represents approximately 24% of net sales, we experienced a 2% decline in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to currency movements. Concerns about future U.S. and European government funding for life sciences research prompted very cautious spending patterns among some customers in the U.S. and Europe in the fourth quarter of 2012.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $824.0 million, or 66% of net sales, in 2012, compared to $749.8 million, or 64% of net sales, in 2011. Generally, our consumable sample and assay products have a higher gross margin than our instrumentation products and service arrangements. Fluctuations in the sales levels of these products and services can result in fluctuations in gross margin between periods. An increase in milestone payments from companion diagnostic co-development arrangements in 2011 negatively affected the 2011 margin since the gross margin on these services is significantly below the margin on product sales. Gross margin in 2011 also was negatively impacted by costs related to the relocation of production facilities, including moving into newly constructed production space in Hilden, Germany; costs incurred following the Japanese earthquake and other natural disasters; and costs related to the restructuring announced late in 2011.
Amortization expense related to developed technology and patent and license rights acquired in a business combination is included in cost of sales. The amortization expense on acquisition-related intangibles within cost of sales increased to $78.5 million in 2012 from $70.2 million in 2011, as a result of an increase in intangibles acquired in recent business combinations.
During 2012, a total of $3.1 million was expensed to acquisition and restructuring-related cost of sales. These costs included costs related to the relocation of production facilities as well as the write-up of acquired inventory to fair market value as a result of business combinations. In accordance with purchase accounting rules, acquired inventory was written up to fair market value and subsequently expensed as the inventory was sold. Additionally, we recorded reversals of $6.7 million related to changes in the fair value of contingent consideration and $4.6 million related to acquired contingent liabilities.
During 2011, a total of $9.6 million was expensed to acquisition and restructuring-related cost of sales. These costs included costs related to the relocation of production facilities as well as the write-up of acquired inventory to fair market value as a result of business combinations.

Research and Development
Research and development expenses decreased by 6% to $122.5 million (10% of net sales) in 2012, compared to $130.6 million (11% of net sales) in 2011. The decline was partially due to a refocusing of our portfolio of development projects in early 2012. Research and development expense was also positively affected by $5.8 million of currency exchange impact in 2012. As we continue to discover, develop and acquire new products and technologies, we expect to incur additional expenses related to facilities, licenses and employees engaged in research and development efforts. Additionally, research and development costs are expected to increase as a result of seeking regulatory approvals, including U.S. FDA Pre-Market Approval (PMA), U.S. FDA 510(k) clearance and EU CE approval of certain assays or instruments.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses increased 12% to $343.5 million (27% of net sales) in 2012 from $307.3 million (26% of net sales) in 2011. The increase in sales and marketing expenses reflects the acquisitions in 2012 along with increased sales and marketing investments to globalize the acquired Cellestis and Ipsogen product portfolios. The increase was partially offset by $10.2 million of favorable currency exchange impact in 2012. Sales and marketing expenses are primarily associated with personnel, commissions, advertising, trade shows, publications, freight and logistics expenses and other promotional expenses.

41

In addition, the sales and marketing expenses include the costs of maintaining separate sales organizations addressing customers in Molecular Diagnostics, Applied Testing, Pharma and Academia.
General and Administrative, Restructuring, Integration and Other
General and administrative, business integration, restructuring and related costs decreased by 18% to $152.1 million (12% of net sales) in 2012 from $185.5 million (16% of net sales) in 2011. The net decrease is due primarily to the restructuring measures that started in late 2011 to streamline the organization. We expensed $41.0 million and $69.4 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively, to general and administrative restructuring costs related to internal restructuring of subsidiaries, including severance and retention costs. The restructuring costs primarily relate to a project we began in late 2011 to enhance productivity by streamlining the organization and freeing up resources for reallocation to strategic initiatives to help drive growth and innovation, strengthen our industry leadership position and improve longer-term profitability. This project was focused to eliminate organizational layers and overlapping structures, actions that will enhance our processes, speed and productivity. Additionally, general and administrative, integration and related costs decreased by $6.2 million due to currency impact in 2012, compared to the same period of 2011. During 2012, we incurred acquisition transaction costs of approximately $4.5 million, primarily in connection with the acquisitions of AmniSure and Intelligent Biosystems.
Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization
Amortization expense related to developed technology and patent and license rights acquired in a business combination is included in cost of sales. Amortization of trademarks and customer base acquired in a business combination is recorded in operating expense under the caption “acquisition-related intangible amortization.” Amortization expenses of intangible assets not acquired in a business combination are recorded within cost of sales, research and development, or sales and marketing line items based on the use of the asset.
During 2012, amortization expense on acquisition-related intangibles within operating expense increased to $36.1 million, compared to $26.7 million in 2011. The increase in expense is the result of an increase in amortized intangibles acquired in our recent business combinations.
Other Income (Expense)
Other expense was $24.7 million in 2012, compared to $3.4 million in 2011. The increase in total other expense in 2012 was primarily the result of higher foreign currency losses and decreased interest income partially offset by lower interest expense and higher income from equity method investees.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, interest income decreased to $2.4 million from $6.1 million in 2011. The decrease in interest income was primarily due to lower short-term investment balances during the first half of 2012.
Interest expense decreased to $23.5 million in 2012, compared to $25.4 million in 2011. Interest costs primarily relate to debt, discussed in Note 15 in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. The decrease in interest expense is primarily due to a lower average outstanding debt balance following repayments of $469.9 million in 2011.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, foreign currency losses of $7.2 million were realized compared to a gain of $12.4 million in 2011. The currency gain in 2011 includes a favorable currency fluctuation in related to the funding of the Cellestis acquisition.
Provision for Income Taxes
In 2012 and 2011, our effective tax rates were 11% and 1%, respectively. Our operating subsidiaries are exposed to effective tax rates ranging from zero up to more than 40%. Fluctuations in the distribution of pre-tax income among our operating subsidiaries can lead to fluctuations of the effective tax rate in the consolidated financial statements. Our effective tax rate in 2012 reflects the impacts of business and financing restructurings implemented during 2011 and 2012. The effective tax rate for 2011 includes the effect of restructuring costs related to our transformation project, including impairments that lowered the mix of earnings in our higher taxing jurisdictions.
Foreign Currencies
QIAGEN N.V.’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, and most of our subsidiaries’ functional currencies are the local currencies of the countries in which they are headquartered. All amounts in the financial statements of entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollar equivalents at exchange rates as follows: (1) assets and liabilities at period-end rates, (2) income statement accounts at average exchange rates for the period, and (3) components of shareholders’

42

equity at historical rates. Translation gains or losses are recorded in shareholders’ equity, and transaction gains and losses are reflected in net income. The net (loss) gain on foreign currency transactions in 2013 , 2012 and 2011 was $5.6 million , $(7.2) million , and $12.4 million , respectively, and is included in other income (expense), net.
Derivatives and Hedging. In the ordinary course of business, we use derivative instruments, including swaps, forwards and/or options, to manage potential losses from foreign currency exposures and variable rate debt. The principal objective of such derivative instruments is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with global financial and operating activities. We do not utilize derivative or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet, measure those instruments at fair value and recognize the change in fair value in earnings in the period of change, unless the derivative qualifies as an effective hedge that offsets certain exposures. In determining fair value, we consider both the counterparty credit risk and our own creditworthiness. To determine our own credit risk, we estimated our own credit rating by benchmarking the price of our outstanding debt to publicly-available comparable data from rated companies. Using the estimated rating, we quantify our credit risk by reference to publicly-traded debt with a corresponding rating.
Foreign Currency Derivatives. As a globally active enterprise, we are subject to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currencies in our ordinary operations. This includes foreign currency-denominated receivables, payables, debt and other balance sheet positions, including intercompany items. We manage our balance sheet exposure on a group-wide basis primarily using foreign exchange forward and option contracts as well as cross-currency swaps.
Further details of our derivative and hedging activities can be found in Note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
To date, we have funded our business primarily through internally generated funds, debt, and private and public sales of equity. Our primary use of cash has been to support continuing operations and our investing activities including capital expenditure requirements and acquisitions. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we had cash and cash equivalents of $330.3 million and $394.0 million , respectively. We also had short-term investments of $49.9 million at December 31, 2013 . Cash and cash equivalents are primarily held in U.S. dollars and euros, other than those cash balances maintained in the local currency of subsidiaries to meet local working capital needs. At December 31, 2013 , cash and cash equivalents had decreased by $63.7 million from December 31, 2012 , primarily as a result of cash used in investing activities of $251.7 million and financing activities of $68.8 million partially offset by cash provided by operating activities of $259.0 million . As of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we had working capital of $583.9 million and $725.8 million , respectively.

Operating Activities. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we generated net cash from operating activities of $259.0 million and $244.9 million , respectively. While net income was $69.1 million in 2013 non-cash components in income included $199.4 million of depreciation and amortization and $42.8 million of impairments primarily due to the discontinuation of development programs. Operating cash flows include a net increase in working capital of $5.7 million , primarily due to increased accrued liabilities, including those related to restructuring activities and income tax amounts. Because we rely heavily on cash generated from operating activities to fund our business, a decrease in demand for our products, longer collection cycles or significant technological advances of competitors would have a negative impact on our liquidity.
Investing Activities. Approximately $251.7 million of cash was used in investing activities during 2013 , compared to $300.9 million during 2012 . Investing activities during 2013 consisted principally of $20.3 million invested in short-term investments, $84.5 million in cash paid for purchases of property and equipment, primarily in our ongoing construction projects in the U.S., as well as $34.2 million paid for intangible assets. Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, of $170.5 million was used primarily in the acquisition of Ingenuity as discussed in Note 5. As of December 31, 2013 , we also had made investments of $4.3 million in privately held companies. These investing activities were partially offset by $63.1 million from the sale of short-term investments.

In 2009 and 2010, we started the expansion of our Hilden, Germany, and Germantown, Maryland, USA facilities, respectively. Both projects were completed at a total cost of $97.2 million as of December 31, 2013 . There are two additional small expansion projects in Maryland that will be started in 2014 and are estimated to be completed in 2015. We anticipate being able to fund these expansions with cash generated by operating activities.

In connection with certain acquisitions, we could be required to make additional contingent cash payments totaling up to $120.3 million based on the achievement of certain revenue and operating results milestones as follows: $65.7 million in 2014, $16.5 million in 2015, $17.8 million in 2016, $7.0 million in 2017, and $13.3 million payable in any 12-month period from now until

43

2016 based on the accomplishment of certain revenue targets. Of the $120.3 million total contingent obligation, approximately $6.1 million is accrued as of December 31, 2013 .
Financing Activities. Financing activities used $68.8 million in cash for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to $226.6 million provided in 2012 . Cash used during 2013 was primarily for the purchase of treasury shares of $86.0 million partially offset by $25.3 million for the issuance of common shares in connection with our stock plan.
In December 2011, we entered into a €400.0 million syndicated multi-currency revolving credit facility expiring December 2016 of which no amounts were utilized at December 31, 2013. We have additional credit lines totaling €36.6 million with no expiration date, none of which was utilized as of December 31, 2013 . We also have capital lease obligations, including interest, in the aggregate amount of $18.3 million , and carry $845.5 million of long-term debt, of which $0.2 million is current as of December 31, 2013 .
We have notes payable, which are the long-term borrowings of the proceeds from the issuances of $150.0 million senior unsubordinated convertible notes, with a 1.5% coupon due in 2024 through QIAGEN Finance (2004 Notes), and of $300.0 million 3.25% senior convertible notes (2006 Notes) due in 2026 through QIAGEN Euro Finance. QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance are unconsolidated subsidiaries, which were established for this purpose. The 2004 Notes are convertible into our common shares at a conversion price of $12.6449, subject to adjustment, and the 2006 Notes are convertible into our common shares at a conversion price of $20.00, subject to adjustment. In connection with conversion of $5.0 million of the 2004 Notes, we repaid $5.0 million of the debt to QIAGEN Finance. At December 31, 2013 , $145.0 million and $300.0 million are included in long-term debt for the amount of the notes payable to QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance, respectively. The $145.0 million note payable has an effective rate of 1.8%, and had an original maturity in July 2011. We refinanced the $145.0 million note, which has a new maturity date of February 2024. The $300.0 million note payable has an effective rate of 3.7% and is due in May 2026. QIAGEN N.V. has guaranteed the 2004 and 2006 Notes and has agreements with QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance to issue shares to the investors in the event of conversion. These subscription rights, along with the related receivable, are recorded at fair value in the equity of QIAGEN N.V. as paid-in capital.
In October 2012, we completed a private placement through the issuance of new senior unsecured notes at a total amount of $400 million with a weighted average interest rate of 3.66% (settled on October 16, 2012). The notes were issued in three series: (1) $73 million 7-year term due in 2019 (3.19%); (2) $300 million 10-year term due in 2022 (3.75%); and (3) $27 million 12-year term due in 2024 (3.90%). Approximately €170 million (approximately $220 million) of proceeds from the notes were used to repay amounts outstanding under our short-term revolving credit facility. The remainder of the proceeds provides additional resources to support QIAGEN's longer-term business expansion.
In 2012, our Supervisory Board approved a program authorizing management to purchase up to a total of $100 million of our common shares (excluding transaction costs). In the first half of 2013, 3.1 million QIAGEN shares were repurchased for approximately $63.3 million. We completed the share repurchase program in April 2013 having repurchased between October 2012 and April 2013 a total of 5.1 million QIAGEN shares for a total aggregate cost of $99.0 million.
In July 2013, we announced our intention to exercise the authorization granted by the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders on June 26, 2013, to purchase up to $100 million of our common shares (excluding transaction costs) in a second share repurchase program. Based on the closing price on July 29, 2013, this represents approximately 5.0 million common shares. Repurchased shares will be held in treasury in order to satisfy obligations for exchangeable debt instruments and employee share-based remuneration plans. In 2013, 1.0 million QIAGEN shares were repurchased for $22.7 million under this program.
We expect that cash from financing activities will continue to be impacted by issuances of our common shares in connection with our equity compensation plans and that the market performance of our stock will impact the timing and volume of the issuances. Additionally, we may make future acquisitions or investments requiring cash payments, the issuance of additional equity or debt financing.
We believe that funds from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents, together with the proceeds from our public and private sales of equity, and availability of financing facilities, will be sufficient to fund our planned operations and expansion during the coming year. However, the global economic downturn may have a greater impact on our business than currently expected, and we may experience a decrease in the sales of our products, which could impact our ability to generate cash. The availability of debt financing has also been negatively impacted by the global credit crisis. If our future cash flows from operations and other capital resources are not adequate to fund our liquidity needs, we may be required to obtain additional debt or equity financing or to reduce or delay our capital expenditures, acquisitions or research and development projects. If we could not obtain financing on a timely basis or at satisfactory terms, or implement timely reductions in our expenditures, our business could be adversely affected.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Other than our arrangements with QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance as discussed above and in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, we did not use special purpose entities and do not have off-balance sheet financing arrangements as of and during the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 .
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2013 , our future contractual cash obligations, including interest, are as follows:
Contractual Obligations
(in thousands)
Payments Due by Period
Total
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Thereafter
Long-term debt
$
1,136,851

$
28,464

$
28,560

$
28,312

$
28,340

$
28,369

$
994,806

Capital lease obligations
18,331

5,702

5,495

4,187

1,597

1,350

—

Operating leases
47,058

15,759

12,289

7,422

3,197

2,818

5,573

Purchase obligations
139,360

80,525

17,498

13,924

9,912

8,340

9,161

License and royalty payments
6,140

2,600

556

581

581

581

1,241

Total contractual cash obligations
$
1,347,740

$
133,050

$
64,398

$
54,426

$
43,627

$
41,458

$
1,010,781


In addition to the above and pursuant to purchase agreements for several of our recent acquisitions, we could be required to make additional contingent cash payments totaling up to $120.3 million based on the achievement of certain revenue and operating results milestones as follows: $65.7 million in 2014 , $16.5 million in 2015 , $17.8 million in 2016 , $7.0 million in 2017 , and $13.3 million , payable in any 12-month period from December 31, 2013 until 2016 based on the accomplishment of certain revenue targets, the launch of certain products or the grant of certain patent rights. As of December 31, 2013 , we have accrued $6.1 million .
Liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, are currently estimated at $12.9 million and are not included in the table above, as we cannot reasonably estimate when, if ever, an amount would be paid to a government agency. Ultimate settlement of these liabilities is dependent on factors outside of our control, such as examinations by each agency and expiration of statutes of limitation for assessment of additional taxes.
Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingencies as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Critical accounting policies are those that require the most complex or subjective judgments often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Thus, to the extent that actual events differ from management’s estimates and assumptions, there could be a material impact to the financial statements. In applying our critical accounting policies, at times we used accounting estimates that either required us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the estimate was made or it is reasonably likely that changes in the accounting estimate may occur from period to period that would have a material impact on the presentation of our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Our critical accounting policies are those related to revenue recognition, share-based compensation, income taxes, investments, variable interest entities, goodwill and other intangible assets, purchase price allocation and fair value measurements. We reviewed the development, selection, and disclosure of our critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of our Supervisory Board.
Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue when four basic criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) could require management’s judgments regarding the fixed nature of the fee charged for services rendered and products delivered and the collectability of those fees. While the majority of our sales agreements contain standard terms and conditions, we do enter into agreements that contain multiple elements or non-standard terms and conditions. Sometimes interpretation of the sales agreement or contract for multiple-element arrangements is complex and determining whether there is more than one unit of accounting and if so, how and when revenue should be recognized for each element is subject to certain estimates or assumptions. We record revenue as the separate elements are

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delivered to the customer if the delivered item has value on a stand-alone basis and delivery or performance of the undelivered item is probable and substantially in our control. Revenue is allocated according to the relative selling price method. Should changes in conditions cause management to determine that these criteria are not met for certain future transactions, revenue recognized for any reporting period could be adversely affected.
Share-Based Compensation . Our stock plan, the QIAGEN N.V. Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Plan (the Plan), allows for the granting of stock rights, incentive stock options, as well as for non-qualified options, stock grants and stock-based awards. We use the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model for estimating the fair value of our stock option grants. Option valuation models, including Black-Scholes-Merton, require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the risk-free rate of interest, expected dividend yield, expected volatility, and the expected life of the award. Changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant date fair value of an award. For details on the assumptions and methodologies used in determining the fair value of stock options, refer to Note 21 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Income Taxes. Calculation of our tax provision is complex due to our international operations and the multiple taxing jurisdictions in which we operate. Some of our deferred tax assets relate to net operating losses (NOL). The utilization of NOLs is not assured and is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income in the future. Although management believes it is more likely than not that we will generate sufficient taxable income to utilize substantially all NOL carryforwards, evaluating the NOLs related to our newer subsidiaries requires us to make estimates that we believe are reasonable, but may also be highly uncertain given that we do not have direct experience with these subsidiaries or their products. Thus the estimates may be subject to significant changes from period to period as we gain that experience. To the extent that our estimates of future taxable income are insufficient to utilize all available NOLs, a valuation allowance will be recorded in the provision for income taxes in the period the determination is made, and the deferred tax assets will be reduced by this amount, which could be material. In the event that actual circumstances differ from management’s estimates, or to the extent that these estimates are adjusted in the future, any changes to the valuation allowance could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
Investments. We have equity investments accounted for under the cost method. We periodically review the carrying value of these investments for permanent impairment, considering factors such as the most recent stock transactions, book values from the most recent financial statements, and forecasts and expectations of the investee. Estimating the fair value of these nonmarketable equity investments in life science companies is inherently subjective, and if actual events differ from management’s assumptions, it could require a write-down of the investment that could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
In addition, generally accepted accounting principles require different methods of accounting for an investment depending on the level of influence that we exert. Assessing the level of influence involves subjective judgments. If management’s assumptions with respect to its level of influence differ in future periods and we therefore have to account for these investments under a method other than the cost method, it could have a material impact to our financial statements.
Variable Interest Entities. We have made strategic investments in certain companies as more fully described in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, some of which are variable interest entities. FASB ASC Topic 810 requires a company to consolidate a variable interest entity in which it holds a variable interest if it is designated as the primary beneficiary of that entity even if the company does not have a majority of voting interests. A variable interest entity is generally defined as an entity with insufficient equity to finance its activities or where the owners of the entity lack the risk and rewards of ownership. Assessing the requirements of ASC Topic 810 involves subjective judgments. If management’s assumptions with respect to the criteria differ in future periods, and we therefore have to account for these investments under a different method, it could have a material impact on our financial statements.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. We assess goodwill for impairment at least annually in the absence of an indicator of possible impairment and immediately upon an indicator of possible impairment. Goodwill is deemed to be impaired if we determine that the carrying value of our reporting unit is more than the fair value. Due to the numerous variables associated with our judgments and assumptions relating to the valuation of reporting units and the effects of changes in circumstances affecting these valuations, both the precision and reliability of the resulting estimates are subject to uncertainty. As additional information becomes known, we may change our estimates.
In the fourth quarter of 2013 , we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill (using data as of October 1, 2013 ). We performed our goodwill impairment testing on a single reporting unit basis which is consistent with our reporting structure. In testing for potential impairment, we measured the estimated fair value of our business based upon discounted future operating cash flows using a discount rate reflecting our estimated average cost of funds. Differences in assumptions used in projecting future operating cash flows and cost of funds could have a significant impact on the determination of impairment amounts. In estimating future cash flows, we used our internal budgets. Our budgets were based on recent sales data for existing products, planned timing of new product launches or capital projects, and customer commitments related to new and existing

46

products. These budgets also included assumptions of future production volumes and pricing. Based on the sensitivity analysis performed, we determined that in the event that our estimates of projected future cash flows were too high by 10%, there would still be no impact on the reported value of goodwill. We concluded that no impairment existed at October 1, 2013 or through December 31, 2013 .
Due to the numerous variables associated with our judgments and assumptions relating to the valuation of the reporting units and the effects of changes in circumstances affecting these valuations, both the precision and reliability of the resulting estimates are subject to uncertainty, and as additional information becomes known, we may change our estimates.
Purchase Price Allocation . The purchase price allocation for acquisitions requires extensive use of accounting estimates and judgments to allocate the purchase price to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired, including in-process research and development, and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. An acquisition may include contingent consideration as part of the purchase price. Contingent consideration is accounted for at fair value at the acquisition date with subsequent changes to the fair value being recognized in earnings. Additionally, we must determine whether an acquired entity is considered to be a business or a set of net assets, because a portion of the purchase price can only be allocated to goodwill in a business combination.
We have made several acquisitions in recent years. The purchase prices for the acquisitions were allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition dates. We engaged an independent third-party valuation firm to assist us in determining the estimated fair values of in-process research and development and identifiable intangible assets. Such a valuation requires significant estimates and assumptions, including but not limited to determining the timing and estimated costs to complete the in-process projects, projecting regulatory approvals, estimating future cash flows, and developing appropriate discount rates. We believe the estimated fair values of contingent consideration and assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on reasonable assumptions. However, the fair value estimates for the purchase price allocations may change during the allowable allocation period, which is up to one year from the acquisition dates, if additional information becomes available.
Fair Value Measurements. We have categorized our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation techniques, in a three-level fair value hierarchy: Level 1 - using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 - using observable inputs other than quoted prices; and Level 3 – using unobservable inputs. We primarily apply the market approach for recurring fair value measurements, maximize our use of observable inputs and minimize our use of unobservable inputs. We utilize the mid-point price between bid and ask prices for valuing the majority of our assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value. In addition to using market data, we make assumptions in valuing assets and liabilities, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique.
Certain of our derivative instruments, which are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, are valued using industry-standard models that consider various inputs, including time value, volatility factors, and current market and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all of these inputs are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the instrument, can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable prices at which transactions are executed in the marketplace.
Certain of our acquisitions involve contingent consideration, the payment of which is contingent on the occurrence of future events. Contingent consideration is classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and is initially recognized at fair value as a cost of the acquisition. After the acquisition, the contingent consideration liability is remeasured each reporting period. The fair value of contingent consideration is measured predominantly on unobservable inputs such as assumptions about the likelihood of achieving specified milestone criteria, projections of future financial performance, assumed discount rates and assumed weightings applied to potential scenarios in deriving a probability weighted fair value. Significant judgment is used in developing these estimates and assumptions both at the acquisition date and in subsequent periods. If actual events differ from management's estimates, or to the extent these estimates are adjusted in the future, our financial condition or results of operations could be affected in the period of any change.
For other fair value measurements, we generally use an income approach to measure fair value when there is not a market observable price for an identical or similar asset or liability. This approach utilizes management’s best assumptions regarding expectations of projected cash flows, and discounts the expected cash flows using a commensurate risk-adjusted discount rate.
The above listing is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, with limited or no need for management’s judgment. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting available alternatives may or may not produce a materially different result. See our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Item 18 of this Annual Report, containing a description of accounting policies and other disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

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Recent Authoritative Pronouncements
For information on recent accounting pronouncements impacting our business see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 18.

Item 6.
Directors, Senior Management and Employees

Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors are appointed annually for the period beginning on the date following the Annual General Meeting of our shareholders up to and including the date of the Annual General Meeting held in the following year.
Our Supervisory Directors and Managing Directors for the year ended December 31, 2013 and their ages as of January 31, 2014, are as follows:
Managing Directors:
Name
Age
Position
Peer M. Schatz
48
Managing Director, Chief Executive Officer
Roland Sackers
45
Managing Director, Chief Financial Officer
Supervisory Directors:
Name
Age
Position
Prof. Dr. Detlev H. Riesner
72
Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Supervisory Director and Chairman of the Selection and Appointment Committee
Stéphane Bancel
41
Supervisory Director and Member of the Compensation Committee
Dr. Werner Brandt
60
Supervisory Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee
Dr. Metin Colpan
59
Supervisory Director
Prof. Dr. Manfred Karobath
73
Supervisory Director and Member of the Compensation Committee
Lawrence A. Rosen
56
Supervisory Director and Member of the Audit Committee
Elizabeth E. Tallett
64
Supervisory Director and Member of the Audit Committee and Member of the Compensation Committee
The following is a brief summary of the background of each of the Supervisory Directors and Managing Directors. References to “QIAGEN” and the “Company” in relation to periods prior to April 29, 1996 mean QIAGEN GmbH and its consolidated subsidiaries:
Managing Directors
Peer M. Schatz , 48, joined the Company in 1993 and has been Chief Executive Officer since January 1, 2004. Between 1993 and 2003 he was Chief Financial Officer and became a member of the Managing Board in 1998. Mr. Schatz was previously a partner in a private management buyout group in Switzerland and worked in finance and systems positions in Sandoz, Ltd. and Computerland AG, as well as in finance, operations, management and sales positions in various start-up companies in the computer and software trading industry in Europe and the United States. Mr. Schatz graduated from the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, with a Master's degree in Finance in 1989 and obtained an M.B.A. in Finance from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business in 1991. Until 2008, Mr. Schatz was a member of the Supervisory Board of Evotec AG. Until 2011, he served as a member of the Managing Board of PMS Asset Management GmbH. Mr. Schatz also previously served as a member of the German Corporate Governance Commission from 2002 to January 2012. He is also chairman of the board of directors of QIAGEN Marseille S.A., which is a majority-owned subsidiary of QIAGEN that was acquired in 2011.
Roland Sackers , 45, joined the Company in 1999 as Vice President Finance and has been Chief Financial Officer since 2004. In 2006, Mr. Sackers became a member of the Managing Board. Between 1995 and 1999, he served as an auditor with Arthur Andersen Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft Steuerberatungsgesellschaft. Mr. Sackers earned his Diplom-Kaufmann from the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany after studying business administration. Until 2006, he was a member of the Supervisory Board and Audit Committee of IBS AG. Mr. Sackers was also a member of the board of directors of Operon

48

Biotechnologies, Inc., until December 2007. Mr. Sackers is a board member of the industry association BIO Deutschland. He is also a non-executive director and chair of the audit committee of Immunodiagnostic Systems Holding (IDS), a leading producer of immunological tests for research and diagnostic applications publicly listed in the United Kingdom, as well as member of the board of directors and head of the audit committee of QIAGEN Marseille S.A., which is a majority-owned subsidiary of QIAGEN that was acquired in 2011.
Supervisory Directors
Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Detlev H. Riesner , 72, is a co-founder of the Company. He has been a member of the Supervisory Board since 1996 and was appointed Chairman of the Supervisory Board in 1999, and in 2005, he was also appointed Chairman of the Selection and Appointment Committee. Professor Riesner has notified the Company of his intention not to stand for reelection to the Supervisory Board at next year’s annual meeting. Professor Riesner has held the Chair of Biophysics at the Heinrich-Heine-University in Düsseldorf since 1980 and retired in 2006. He has held the position of Dean of the Science Faculty (1991-92), Vice President of the University (Research) (1996-99) and Director of Technology (1999-2006). In 2007, he became a member of the University’s board of trustees. Prior to that, he was Professor of Biophysical Chemistry at the Darmstadt Institute of Technology and, from 1975 to 1977, Lecturer of Biophysical Chemistry at Hannover Medical School. He has held guest professorships at the Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, and the Department of Neurology at the University of California, San Francisco. He received his M.S. in Physics from Hannover Institute of Technology and his Ph.D. from the University of Braunschweig, with post-graduate work at Princeton University. Professor Riesner is either a member of the Supervisory Board or a director of AC Immune S.A., Lausanne, Evocatal GmbH, Düsseldorf, DRK Blutspendedienst West gGmbH, Hagen and DIWA GmbH, Düsseldorf. His memberships on the advisory boards of NewLab Bioquality AG and Direvo AG ended in 2006 and SCT GmbH ended in 2011, when the companies were sold. Professor Riesner is also a member of the scientific advisory board of Alberta Prion Research Institute, Canada.
Stéphane Bancel, 41, joined the Company's Supervisory Board as well as the Compensation Committee in 2013. He is President and Founding Chief Executive Officer of Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., a start-up biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts that is advancing multiple drug development programs involving messenger RNA therapeutics. Before joining Moderna, Mr. Bancel served for five years as Chief Executive Officer of the French diagnostics company bioMérieux SA. Prior to bioMérieux, he was Managing Director of Eli Lilly in Belgium and Executive Director of Global Manufacturing Strategy and Supply Chain at Eli Lilly in Indianapolis, Indiana after having started at Lilly in Great Britain. Before joining Eli Lilly, Mr. Bancel served as Asia-Pacific Sales and Marketing Director for bioMérieux while based in Tokyo, Japan. He holds a Master of Engineering degree from École Centrale Paris (ECP), a Master of Science in Chemical Engineering from the University of Minnesota and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.
Dr. Werner Brandt , 60, joined the Company’s Supervisory Board in 2007. In the same year, he was appointed Chairman of the Audit Committee. Dr. Brandt has been a member of the Executive Board and the Chief Financial Officer of SAP AG since 2001. Dr. Brandt has notified SAP AG of his intention to retire from SAP AG and not to stand for reelection to the Executive Board at next year’s annual meeting. From 1999 to 2001, he was a member of the Executive Board and Chief Financial Officer of the German-American healthcare company, Fresenius Medical Care AG, where he also served as Labor Relations Director. From 1992 to 1999, Dr. Brandt was a member of the Managing Board of Baxter Deutschland GmbH and Vice President for European Operations. In this capacity, he was responsible for Baxter’s financial operations in Europe. Dr. Brandt began his career in 1981 at the former Price Waterhouse GmbH (now PricewaterhouseCoopers) in Frankfurt. Dr. Brandt completed his Doctorate in business administration from the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany in 1991, after studying business administration at the University of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany from 1976 to 1981. Dr. Brandt is currently a member of the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Lufthansa AG and RWE AG where he also holds the position of Chairman of the Audit Committee.
Dr. Metin Colpan , 59, is a co-founder of the Company and was Chief Executive Officer and a Managing Director from 1985 through 2003. Dr. Colpan has been a member of the Supervisory Board since 2004. Dr. Colpan obtained his Ph.D. and M.S. in Organic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering from the Darmstadt Institute of Technology in 1983. Prior to founding QIAGEN, Dr. Colpan was an Assistant Investigator at the Institute for Biophysics at the University of Düsseldorf. Dr. Colpan has had wide experience in separation techniques and in the separation and purification of nucleic acids in particular, and has filed many patents in the field. Dr. Colpan currently serves as a Supervisory Board member of Qalovis Farmer Automatic Energy GmbH, Laer, Germany and EM Brake Systems AG, Schloss-Holte. Dr. Colpan previously served as a Supervisory Board member of Ingenium Pharmaceuticals AG, GenPat77 Pharmacogenetics AG, GPC Biotech AG and Morphosys AG, each in Munich, Germany.
Professor Dr. Manfred Karobath , 73, has been a member of the Supervisory Board since 2000 and joined the Compensation Committee in 2005. Prof. Dr. Karobath studied medicine, and from 1967 to 1980, he worked first in the Dept. of Biochemistry of the University of Vienna and, after a stage as postdoctoral fellow, he joined the Dept. of Psychiatry where he became

49

Professor of Biological Psychiatry. In 1980, he joined Sandoz Pharma in Basel, first, in drug discovery, and later, he became Senior Vice President and head of R&D. In 1992, Prof. Dr. Karobath joined Rhone Poulenc Rorer (RPR) as President of R&D and Executive Vice President, and later, he became a member of the boards of directors of RPR, Pasteur Mérieux Connought, Centeon and Rhone Poulenc Pharma. He has received several scientific awards and has published 92 scientific papers.
Lawrence A. Rosen, 56, joined the Company's Supervisory Board as well as the Audit Committee in 2013. Mr. Rosen is a member of the Board of Management and Chief Financial Officer of Deutsche Post DHL. In this position, which he has held since September 2009, Mr. Rosen is in charge of controlling, corporate accounting and reporting, investor relations, corporate finance, corporate internal audit and security, taxes, as well as the group’s global business services. Prior to joining Deutsche Post DHL, Mr. Rosen served as the Chief Financial Officer of Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA in Germany from 2003 to 2009. Prior to that, he worked for Aventis SA in Strasbourg, France, as Senior Vice President and Treasurer. Between 1984 and 2000, Mr. Rosen held different positions at the Aventis predecessor companies Hoechst AG and American Hoechst/Hoechst Celanese Inc. Mr. Rosen, who is a U.S. citizen, holds a bachelor in business administration from the State University of New York and an M.B.A. from the University of Michigan.
Elizabeth E. Tallett, 64, joined the Company's Supervisory Board as well as the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee in 2011. Ms. Tallett has been a Principal of Hunter Partners, LLC, a management company for early to mid-stage pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies, since 2002. Her senior management experience includes President and CEO of Transcell Technologies Inc., President of Centocor Pharmaceuticals, member of the Parke-Davis Executive Committee, and Director of Worldwide Strategic Planning for Warner-Lambert Company. Ms. Tallett graduated from Nottingham University, England with dual Bachelor's degrees with honors in mathematics and economics. She is a member of the board of directors of Principal Financial Group, Inc., WellPoint, Inc. and Meredith Corp. Ms. Tallett is currently the Lead Director for Principal. She was also a director of Varian, Inc., Immunicon, Inc., Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc., Coventry Health Care, Inc. and IntegraMed America, Inc. at times during the past five years. Ms. Tallett was a founding board member of the Biotechnology Council of New Jersey and is a Trustee of Solebury School in Pennsylvania.
Compensation of Managing Board Members and Supervisory Directors
Remuneration policy
The objective of our remuneration policy is to attract and retain internationally the talented, highly qualified leaders and skilled individuals, to enable QIAGEN to achieve its short and long term strategic initiatives and operational excellence. Our remuneration policy aligns remuneration with individual performance, corporate performance and fosters sustainable growth and long term value creation in the context of QIAGEN’s social responsibility and stakeholders’ interest.
The remuneration policy and overall remuneration levels are benchmarked regularly, against a selected group of companies and key markets in which QIAGEN operates, to ensure overall competitiveness. QIAGEN participates in various compensation benchmarking surveys that provide information on the level, as well as the structure, of compensation awarded by various companies and industries for a broad range of positions around the world. The companies in the peer group are selected on the basis market capitalization, competitors for talent, similar complexity and international spread, operating in similar industries.
The performance of the Managing Board members is measured annually against a written set of goals. The remuneration of the Managing Board members is linked to the achievement of QIAGEN’s strategic and financial goals. To ensure that remuneration is linked to performance, a significant proportion of the remuneration package is variable and contingent on performance of the individual and the company. These goals are set at ambitious levels each year to motivate and drive performance, with a focus on achieving both long term strategic initiatives and short-term objectives based on the annual operative planning. Performance metrics used for these goals include the achievement of financial and non-financial targets.
The remuneration package of the Managing Board members consists of a combination of base salary, short term variable cash award and several elements of long term incentives (together, ‘total direct compensation’). In addition, the members of the Managing Board receive a pension arrangement and other benefits that are standard in our industry, such as a company car.
The total target remuneration package of the Managing Board members is appropriately set against a variety of factors which includes external and internal equity, experience, complexity of the position, scope and responsibilities. We aim to provide the members of the Managing Board a total direct compensation at market median level.
The structure of the remuneration package for the Managing Board is designed to balance short term operational excellence with long term sustainable value creation while taking into account the interests of its stakeholders. As such a significant part of the total remuneration of the Managing Board members consist of variable remuneration which can differ substantially from year to year depending on our corporate results and individual performance and may include equity-based compensation which may be subject to vesting conditions over a period of 10 years.
The remuneration policies for the Managing Board and for other senior management members of QIAGEN are generally aligned and consistent.

50

Managing Board compensation
The compensation granted to the members of the Managing Board in 2013 consisted of a fixed salary and variable components, with the significant majority of compensation awarded in the form of QIAGEN shares and options to purchase QIAGEN shares that are restricted for a long multi-year period to align management with the interests of shareholders and other stakeholders. Variable compensation included annual payments linked to business performance (annual bonus), as well as long-term equity incentives that were awarded based on individual performance. Stock options granted to the Managing Board members must have an exercise price that is higher than the market price at the time of grant. Restricted Stock Units granted to the Managing Board members, as is the case with all grants to employees, vest over a 10-year period. Performance Stock Units are subject to long-term vesting periods and contingent upon the achievement of several financial goals over a multi-year period. In 2013, QIAGEN issued new Performance Stock Units that are directly linked with the future achievement of QIAGEN’s five-year business plan as well as implemented mandatory minimum holding levels of QIAGEN shares for a group of approximately 50 managers. The financial targets for vesting of the new Performance Stock Units are based on three-year goals as defined within QIAGEN’s five-year business plan covering the period from 2014 until the end of 2016. The targets for vesting were set and approved by the Supervisory Board, and they consist of specific quantitative goals for net sales, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), return on invested capital (ROIC) and QIAGEN Value Added (QVA), a new steering metric that measures the ability of QIAGEN to generate returns and exceed its cost of capital.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Managing Board members received the following compensation:

Annual Compensation
Long-Term Compensation
Name
Fixed Salary
Variable Cash
Bonus
Other (1)
Total
Defined
Contribution
Benefit Plan
Stock Options
Restricted
Stock Units
Performance
Stock Units (2) (3)
Managing Board
Peer M. Schatz
$
1,328,400

159,700

6,100

$
1,494,200

$
86,400

137,859

419,717

501,079

Roland Sackers
$
580,800

58,700

61,300

$
700,800

$
97,200

43,378

132,065

158,724

____________________

(1)
Amounts include, among others, reimbursed personal expenses such as tax consulting. We also occasionally reimburse our Managing Directors' personal expenses related to attending out-of-town meetings but not directly related to their attendance. Amounts do not include the reimbursement of certain expenses relating to travel incurred at the request of QIAGEN, other reimbursements or payments that in total did not exceed $10,000 or tax amounts paid by the Company to tax authorities in order to avoid double-taxation under multi-tax jurisdiction employment agreements.
(2)
Includes Performance Stock Units which are granted as compensation component for the years 2014-2016 and which will replace future stock option grants in this period. The Performance Stock Units are directly linked with the future achievement of QIAGEN’s five-year business plan as well as a mandatory minimum holding level of QIAGEN shares and the standard vesting terms for equity awards apply (vesting of 40% after three years, 50% after five years and 10% after ten years).
(3)
Includes Performance Stock Units which were granted in lieu of a portion of the 2013 cash bonus.
Supervisory Board compensation
The Supervisory Board compensation for 2013 consists of fixed retainer compensation, additional retainer amounts for Chairman and Vice Chairman, and committee membership fees. Annual remuneration of the Supervisory Board members is as follows:
Fee paid to each member of the Supervisory Board
€30,000
Additional compensation payable to members holding the following positions:
Chairman of the Supervisory Board
€20,000
Vice Chairman of the Supervisory Board
€5,000
Chairman of the Audit Committee
€15,000
Chairman of the Compensation Committee
€10,000
Fee payable to each member of the Audit Committee
€7,500
Fee payable to each member of the Compensation Committee
€5,000


51

Members of the Supervisory Board also receive €1,000 for attending the Annual General Meeting, €1,000 for attending each meeting of the Supervisory Board and €1,000 for attending each meeting of any subcommittees (other than Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Selection and Appointment Committee).
Supervisory Board members may also receive variable cash compensation, which is determined annually by the Compensation Committee pursuant to a formula based on growth of adjusted Earnings per Share provided that such remuneration will not exceed €5,000 per year. Supervisory board members also receive a variable component, in the form of share-based compensation. We did not pay any agency or advisory service fees to members of the Supervisory Board.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Supervisory Board members received the following compensation:
Name
Fixed
Remuneration
Chairman/
Vice-
Chairman
Committee
Committee
Membership
Meeting
Attendance
Subcommittee
Meeting
Attendance
Total (2)
Restricted
Stock Units
Supervisory Board (1)
Prof. Dr. Detlev H. Riesner
$
41,100

27,400

—

9,600

5,500

$
83,600

10,000

Stéphane Bancel
$
20,500

—

3,400

5,500

1,400

$
30,800

—

Dr. Werner Brandt
$
41,100

24,000

—

8,200

—

$
73,300

10,000

Dr. Metin Colpan
$
41,100

—

—

9,600

4,100

$
54,800

10,000

Prof. Dr. Manfred Karobath
$
41,100

3,400

6,800

9,600

5,500

$
66,400

10,000

Lawrence A. Rosen
$
20,500

—

5,100

6,900

—

$
32,500

—

Elizabeth E. Tallett
$
41,100

—

17,100

8,200

—

$
66,400

10,000

____________________
(1) Former Supervisory Directors Erik Hornnaess and Heino von Prondzynski did not stand for re-election at the Annual General Meeting in 2013. For their board service during the 2013 year they received total compensation of $40,000 and $25,000, respectively.
(2) Supervisory Directors are reimbursed for travel costs and for any value-added tax to be paid on their remuneration. These reimbursements are excluded from the amounts presented herein.
The following table sets forth the vested and unvested options and stock awards of our officers and directors as of January 31, 2014:
Name
Total Vested
Options
Total Unvested
Options
Expiration Dates
Exercise Prices
Total Unvested
Restricted and Performance Stock Units
Peer M. Schatz
898,619

264,816

8/31/2014 to 2/28/2023
$8.94 to $22.43
2,297,349

Roland Sackers
140,137

85,947

2/28/2018 to 2/28/2023
$15.59 to $22.43
744,926

Prof. Dr. Detlev H. Riesner
28,341

1,494

5/6/2015 to 2/28/2022
$11.98 to $22.43
31,432

Dr. Werner Brandt
6,399

1,494

4/29/2018 to 2/28/2022
$15.59 to $22.43
30,894

Dr. Metin Colpan
48,341

1,494

4/1/2014 to 2/28/2022
$11.98 to $22.43
31,432

Prof. Dr. Manfred Karobath
28,341

1,494

5/6/2015 to 2/28/2022
$11.98 to $22.43
31,432

Elizabeth E. Tallett
521

1,042

2/28/2022
$15.59
20,000

A crisis tax levy of 16% as imposed by the Dutch government amounted to €588,000 in total in 2013. The crisis tax levy is paid by employers and in 2013 was assessed on income of employees exceeding a €150,000 threshold. These expenses are not included in the remuneration costs presented above.

Committees of the Supervisory Board
The Supervisory Board has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Selection and Appointment Committee from among its members and can establish other committees as deemed beneficial. The Supervisory Board has approved charters under which each of the committees operates. These charters are published on our website www.qiagen.com. The committees are comprised of the following members:

52

Name of Supervisory Director
Independent
Member of Audit
Committee
Member of
Compensation
Committee
Member of Selection and
Appointment
Committee
Prof. Dr. Detlev Riesner
Ÿ
Ÿ
(Chairman)
Stéphane Bancel
Ÿ
Ÿ
Dr. Werner Brandt
Ÿ
Ÿ
(Chairman)
Ÿ
Dr. Metin Colpan
Ÿ
Prof. Dr. Manfred Karobath
Ÿ
Ÿ
(Chairman)
Lawrence A. Rosen
Ÿ
Ÿ
Elizabeth E. Tallett
Ÿ
Ÿ
Ÿ
We believe that all of our Supervisory Directors meet the independence requirements set forth in the Dutch Corporate Governance Code (the Dutch Code). We further believe that all Supervisory Board Directors except for Dr. Metin Colpan qualify as independent under the Marketplace Rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market. Pursuant to the NASDAQ rules, a majority of the Supervisory Directors must qualify as independent, as defined in the Rules. In 2012, Dr. Colpan was not considered to be independent due to his consulting arrangement with the Company under which Dr. Colpan provided scientific advisory services to the Company in 2011, 2010 and 2009. In January 2012, the agreement under which Dr. Colpan provided scientific consulting services terminated.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee currently consists of three members, Dr. Brandt (Chairman), Mr. Rosen and Ms. Tallett, and meets at least quarterly. The Audit Committee members are appointed by the Supervisory Board and serve for a term of one year. We believe that all members of our Audit Committee meet the independence requirements as set forth in Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Marketplace Rules of the NASDAQ. The Board has designated Dr. Brandt as an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission rules adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and as defined in provisions III.3.2 and III.5.7 of the Dutch Code. The Audit Committee performs a self-evaluation of its activities on an annual basis.

The Audit Committee's primary duties and responsibilities include, among other things, to serve as an independent and objective party to monitor QIAGEN's accounting and financial reporting process and internal risk management, control and compliance systems. The Audit Committee also is directly responsible for proposing the external auditor to the Supervisory Board, which then proposes the appointment of the external auditor to the General Meeting. Further, the Audit Committee is responsible for the compensation and oversight of QIAGEN’s external auditor and for providing an open avenue of communication among the external auditor as well as the Management Board and the Supervisory Board. Our Internal Audit department operates under the direct responsibility of the Audit Committee. Further, the Audit Committee is responsible to establish complaint procedures, including confidential, anonymous submission by employees of concerns, for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters. The Audit Committee discusses our financial accounting and reporting principles and policies and the adequacy of our internal accounting, financial and operating controls and procedures with the external auditor and management; considers and approves any recommendations regarding changes to our accounting policies and processes; reviews with management and the external auditor our quarterly earnings reports prior to their release to the press; and reviews the quarterly and annual reports (reported on Forms 6-K and 20-F) to be furnished to or filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Deutsche Boerse. The Audit Committee met seven times in 2013 and met with the external auditor excluding members of the Managing Board in April 2013. The Audit Committee reviews major financial risk exposures, pre-approves related-party transactions, and reviews any legal matter including compliance topics that could have a significant impact on the financial statements. The Board has designated Dr. Brandt as an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission rules adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and as “financial expert” pursuant to Section III.3.2 and III.5.7 of the Dutch Code respectively.
Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee’s primary duties and responsibilities include, among other things, the preparation of a proposal for the Supervisory Board concerning the Remuneration Policy for the Managing Board to be adopted by the General Meeting,

53

the preparation of a proposal concerning the individual compensation of Managing Board members to be adopted by the Supervisory Board and the preparation of the Remuneration Report on compensation policies for the Managing Board to be adopted by the Supervisory Board. The Compensation Committee reviews and approves all equity-based compensation, reviews and approves the annual salaries, bonuses and other benefits of executive officers, and reviews general policies relating to employee compensation and benefits. The Remuneration Report reviews the implementation of the Remuneration Policy in the most recent year and provides an outline of the Remuneration Policy for the future. The Compensation Committee currently consists of three members, Professor Karobath (Chairman), Ms. Tallett and Mr. Bancel. Members are appointed by the Supervisory Board and serve for a term of one year. The Compensation Committee met five times in 2013.
Selection and Appointment Committee
The Selection and Appointment (Nomination) Committee is primarily responsible for the preparation of selection criteria and appointment procedures for members of the Supervisory Board and Managing Board as well as the periodic evaluation of the scope and composition of the Managing Board and the Supervisory Board, including the profile of the Supervisory Board. Additionally, the Selection and Appointment Committee periodically evaluates the functioning of individual members of the Managing Board and Supervisory Board, reporting these results to our Supervisory Board. It also proposes the (re-)¬appointments of members of our Managing Board and Supervisory Board and supervises the policy of our Managing Board in relation to selection and appointment criteria for senior management. The Selection and Appointment Committee prepares and submits to our Supervisory Board an annual report of its deliberations and findings. Current members of the Selection and Appointment Committee are Prof. Dr. Riesner (Chairman), Dr. Brandt and Dr. Colpan. Members are appointed by the Supervisory Board and serve for a one-year term. The Selection and Appointment Committee met one time in 2013.
Share Ownership
The following table sets forth certain information as of January 31, 2014 concerning the ownership of Common Shares by our directors and officers. In preparing the following table, we have relied on information furnished by such persons.
Name and Country of Residence
Shares Beneficially Owned (1) Number
Percent
Ownership (2)
Peer M. Schatz, Germany
1,922,260

(3)
0.82
%
Roland Sackers, Germany
—

(4)
—

Prof. Dr. Detlev H. Riesner, Germany
1,456,585

(5)
0.62
%
Stéphane Bancel, United States
—

—

Dr. Werner Brandt, Germany
10,664

(6)
*

Dr. Metin Colpan, Germany
4,152,553

(7)
1.78
%
Professor Dr. Manfred Karobath, Austria
10,607

(8)
*

Lawrence A. Rosen, Germany
—

—

Elizabeth Tallett, United States
—

(9)
—

____________________
* Indicates that the person beneficially owns less than 0.5% of the Common Shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2014.
(1)
The number of Common Shares outstanding as of January 31, 2014 was 233,488,516. The persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them and have the same voting rights as shareholders with respect to Common Shares.
(2)
Does not include Common Shares subject to options or awards held by such persons at January 31, 2014. See footnotes below for information regarding options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days of the date of this table.
(3)
Does not include 1,026,826 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $8.94 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between 8/2014 and 2/2023. Does not include 393,674 shares issuable upon the release of unvested stock awards that could become releasable within 60 days from the date of this table.

54

(4)
Does not include 182,183 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $15.590 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between 2/2018 and 2/2023. Does not include 117,827 shares issuable upon the release of unvested stock awards that could become releasable within 60 days from the date of this table.
(5)
Does not include 29,314 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $11.985 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between 5/2015 and 2/2022. Includes 1,452,068 shares held by Riesner Verwaltungs GmbH, of which Professor Riesner is the sole stockholder. Does not include 4,551 shares issuable upon the release of unvested stock awards that could become releasable within 60 days from the date of this table.
(6)
Does not include 7,372 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $15.590 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between 4/2018 and 2/2022. Does not include 4,551 shares issuable upon the release of unvested stock awards that could become releasable within 60 days from the date of this table.
(7)
Does not include 49,314 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $11.985 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between 4/2014 and 2/2022. Includes 3,348,703 shares held by CC Verwaltungs GmbH, of which Dr. Colpan is the sole stockholder and 800,000 shares held by Colpan GbR. Does not include 4,551 shares issuable upon the release of unvested stock awards that could become releasable within 60 days from the date of this table.
(8)
Does not include 29,314 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $11.985 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between 5/2015 and 2/2022. Does not include 4,551 shares issuable upon the release of unvested stock awards that could become releasable within 60 days from the date of this table.
(9)
Does not include 1,042 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices of $15.59 per share. Options expire on 2/2022.

Employees
As of December 31, 2013 , we employed 4,015 individuals, of which 20% worked in research and development, 39% in sales, 22% in production/logistics, 8% in marketing and 10% in administration.
Region
Research &
Development
Sales
Production
Marketing
Administration
Total
Americas
160

499

203

79

99

1,040

Europe
618

574

596

190

260

2,238

Asia Pacific & Rest of World
42

481

94

62

58

737

December 31, 2013
820

1,554

893

331

417

4,015

At December 31, 2012 and 2011 , we employed 3,999 and 3,938 individuals, respectively. None of our employees is represented by a labor union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement. Management believes that its relations with employees are good.
Stock Plans
We adopted the QIAGEN N.V. Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Plan (the Plan) which was approved by our shareholders on June 14, 2005. Pursuant to the Plan, stock rights, which include options to purchase our Common Shares, stock grants and stock-based awards, may be granted to employees and consultants of QIAGEN and its subsidiaries and to Supervisory Directors. An aggregate of 31.0 million Common Shares have been reserved for issuance pursuant to the Plan, subject to certain antidilution adjustments. Options granted pursuant to the Plan may either be incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), or non-qualified stock options. Options granted to members of the Supervisory Board and the Managing Board must have an exercise price that is higher than the market price at the time of grant. Generally, each of the options has a term of ten years, subject to earlier termination in the event of death, disability or other termination of employment. The vesting and exercisability of certain stock rights will be accelerated in the event of a Change of Control, as defined in the agreements under the Plan.
The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Supervisory Board, which selects participants from among eligible employees, consultants and directors and determines the number of shares subject to the stock-based award, the length

55

of time the award will remain outstanding, the manner and time of the award's vesting, the price per share subject to the award and other terms and conditions of the award consistent with the Plan. The Compensation Committee's decisions are subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board.
In connection with the acquisition of Digene Corporation during the third quarter of 2007, the Company assumed three additional equity incentive plans and exchanged Digene stock options and awards into the Company's Common Shares. No new grants will be made under these plans.
The Compensation Committee has the power, subject to Supervisory Board approval, to interpret the plans and to adopt such rules and regulations (including the adoption of “sub plans” applicable to participants in specified jurisdictions) as it may deem necessary or appropriate. The Compensation Committee or the Supervisory Board may at any time amend the plans in any respect, subject to Supervisory Board approval, and except that (i) no amendment that would adversely affect the rights of any participant under any option previously granted may be made without such participant's consent and (ii) no amendment shall be effective prior to shareholder approval to the extent such approval is required to ensure favorable tax treatment for incentive stock options or to ensure compliance with Rule 16b-3 under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) at such times as any participants are subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
As of January 31, 2014, there were 3.3 million options outstanding with exercise prices ranging between $8.94 and $23.54 and expiring between February 27, 2014 and October 31, 2023. The exercise price of the options is the fair market value of the Common Shares as of the date of grant or a premium above fair market value. Additionally, there were 9.7 million stock unit awards outstanding as of January 31, 2014. These awards will be released between February 28, 2014 and October 31, 2023. As of January 31, 2014, options to purchase 1.5 million Common Shares and 3.2 million stock unit awards were held by the officers and directors of QIAGEN, as a group.

Item 7.
Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2013 , concerning the ownership of Common Shares of each holder of greater than 5% ownership. None of these holders have any different voting rights than other holders of our Common Shares.
Name and Country of Residence
Shares  Beneficially
Owned
Number
Percent Ownership (1)
PRIMECAP Management Company
19,385,944

(2)
8.29
%
BlackRock, Inc., United States
17,651,384

(3)
7.55
%
____________________
(1)
The percentage ownership was calculated based on 233,890,118 Common Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2013 .
(2)
Of the 19,385,944 shares attributed to PRIMECAP Management Company, it has sole voting power and sole dispositive power over all 19,385,944 shares. This information is based solely on the Schedule 13G filed by PRIMECAP Management Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 14, 2014, which reported ownership as of December 31, 2013 .
(3)
Of the 17,651,384 shares attributed to BlackRock, Inc., it has sole voting power and sole dispositive power over all 17,651,384 shares. This information is based solely on the Schedule 13G filed by BlackRock, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 14, 2014, which reported ownership as of December 31, 2013 .
Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market in the United States and on the Prime Standard Segment of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in Germany. A significant portion of our shares are held electronically in the account of a stockbroker, therefore we generally have no way of determining who our shareholders are, their geographical location or how many shares a particular shareholder owns. As of January 31, 2014, there were 175 shareholders of record of our Common Shares.
Control of Registrant
To our knowledge, we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation, by any foreign government, or by any other natural or legal person. As of January 31, 2014, the officers and directors of QIAGEN as a group beneficially owned 7.6 million Common Shares, or 3.23% of the then outstanding Common Shares.

Related Party Transactions
We have a 100% interest in QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (QIAGEN Finance) and QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (Euro Finance), which were established for the purpose of issuing convertible debt. As discussed in Note

56

10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance are variable interest entities for which we do not hold any variable interests and are not the primary beneficiary, thus they are not consolidated. Accordingly, the convertible debt is not included in the consolidated statements of QIAGEN N.V., though we do report the full obligation of the debt through our liabilities to QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we had a loan payable to QIAGEN Finance of $145.0 million and accrued interest due to QIAGEN Finance of $4.3 million and $4.4 million , respectively and amounts receivable from QIAGEN Finance of $3.4 million . As of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we had a loan payable to Euro Finance of $300.0 million, accrued interest due to Euro Finance of $2.6 million and amounts receivable from Euro Finance of $1.3 million .
During 2012 we entered into a development and license agreement with a company in which we also hold an interest. Under the terms of this agreement we paid a total of $7.7 million in 2013 and will be required to pay another $2.0 million will become due through 2015 based on the achievement of certain milestones.
In 2011, we had a consulting agreement with Dr. Metin Colpan, our former Chief Executive Officer and current Supervisory Board member, pursuant to which Dr. Colpan is paid a fee of EUR 2,750 per day for consulting services, subject to adjustment. We incurred consulting expenses of approximately $0.1 million as of December 31, 2011 for scientific consulting services under this agreement. In January 2012, the agreement under which Dr. Colpan provided scientific consulting services terminated.
From time to time, we have transactions with other companies in which we hold an interest all of which are individually and in the aggregate immaterial, as summarized in the table below.
Year ending December 31,
(in thousands)
2013
2012
Net sales
$
6,193

$
7,068

Accounts receivable
$
5,680

$
2,651

Accounts payable
$
537

$
3,699

Loans receivable
$
—

$
1,674


Item 8.
Financial Information

See Item 18.
Legal Proceedings
For information on legal proceedings, see Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
While no assurances can be given regarding the outcome of proceedings described in Note 20, based on information currently available, we believe that the resolution of these matters is unlikely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of future operations for QIAGEN N.V. as a whole. However, because of the nature and inherent uncertainties of litigation, should the outcomes be unfavorable, certain aspects of our business, financial condition, and results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Statement of Policy on Dividend Distribution
We have not paid any dividends on our Common Shares since our inception and do not intend to pay any dividends on our Common Shares in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain our earnings, if any, for the development of our business.

Item 9.
The Offer and Listing

Effective July 3, 2006, our Common Shares began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol QGEN. Previously, since February 15, 2005, our Common Shares had been quoted on the NASDAQ National Market under the symbol QGEN. Prior to that, since June 27, 1996, our Common Shares had been quoted on the NASDAQ National Market under the symbol QGENF. The following tables set forth the annual high and low sale prices for the last five years, the quarterly high and low sale prices for the last two years, and the monthly high and low sale prices for the last six months of our Common Shares on the NASDAQ Global Select and NASDAQ National Market, as applicable.

57

High ($)
Low ($)
Annual
2009
23.58

14.32

2010
24.00

16.86

2011
22.20

12.47

2012
19.41

14.05

2013
24.74

18.30

High ($)
Low ($)
Quarterly 2012:
First Quarter
16.97

14.05

Second Quarter
17.31

14.78

Third Quarter
19.11

15.90

Fourth Quarter
19.41

16.98

Quarterly 2013:
First Quarter
22.20

18.44

Second Quarter
21.27

18.30

Third Quarter
21.95

19.28

Fourth Quarter
24.74

20.52

Quarterly 2014:
First Quarter (through February 28, 2014)
24.82

21.55

High ($)
Low ($)
Monthly
September 2013
21.95

20.01

October 2013
23.24

20.52

November 2013
24.74

22.38

December 2013
23.84

22.17

January 2014
24.82

21.72

February 2014
22.99

21.55


From September 25, 1997, to December 31, 2002, our Common Shares were traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange Neuer Markt under the symbol QIA and with the security code number 901626. As of January 1, 2003, the trading of our Common Shares was transferred to the Prime Standard Segment of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, where QIAGEN is a member of the TecDAX, an index of the 30 leading technology companies in Germany not included in the benchmark DAX index. The following table sets forth the annual high and low sale prices for the last five years, the quarterly high and low sale prices for the last two years, and the monthly high and low sale prices for the last six months of our Common Shares on the Prime Standard.

High (EUR)
Low (EUR)
Annual
2009
15.98

11.12

2010
17.87

12.06

2011
15.25

9.07

2012
15.05

10.69

2013
18.15

13.67



58

High (EUR)
Low (EUR)
Quarterly 2012:
First Quarter
12.81

10.69

Second Quarter
13.49

11.31

Third Quarter
14.73

13.04

Fourth Quarter
15.05

13.11

Quarterly 2013:
First Quarter
16.55

13.75

Second Quarter
16.76

13.67

Third Quarter
16.34

14.84

Fourth Quarter
18.15

15.12

Quarterly 2014:
First Quarter (through February 28, 2014)
18.20

15.93

High (EUR)
Low (EUR)
Monthly:
September 2013
16.34

15.19

October 2013
16.94

15.12

November 2013
18.15

16.53

December 2013
17.32

16.08

January 2014
18.20

16.05

February 2014
16.82

15.93

Item 10.
Additional Information

Memorandum and Articles of Association
We are a public company with limited liability ( naamloze vennootschap ) incorporated under Dutch law and registered with the Dutch Trade Register under file number 12036979. Set forth below is a summary of certain provisions of our full Articles of Association, as lastly amended on June 30, 2011 (the Articles), and Dutch law, where appropriate. The Dutch Corporate Governance Code, (the Dutch Code), that was published on December 9, 2003 (and revised on December 10, 2008) contains principles of good corporate governance and best practice provisions. The Dutch Code contains the principles and concrete provisions which the persons involved in a listed company (including Managing Board members and Supervisory Board members) and stakeholders should observe in relation to one another. A listed company should either comply with, or if not, explain in its annual report why and to what extent it does not comply, with the best practice provisions of the Dutch Code. The Dutch Code has been taken into account in the summary below.
This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Articles, Dutch Law and the Dutch Code.
Corporate Purpose
Our objects include, without limitation, the performance of activities in the biotechnology industry, as well as incorporating, acquiring, participating in, financing, managing and having any other interest in companies or enterprises of any nature, raising and lending funds and such other acts as may be conducive to our business.
Managing Directors
QIAGEN shall be managed by a Managing Board consisting of one or more Managing Directors under the supervision of the Supervisory Board. The majority view under Dutch law is that in managing QIAGEN, the Managing Directors must take into account our interests and our business and the interests of all stakeholders (which includes but is not limited to our shareholders). Managing Directors shall be appointed by the General Meeting of our shareholders upon the joint meeting of the Supervisory Board and the Managing Board, or Joint Meeting, having made a binding nomination for each vacancy. However,

59

the General Meeting may at all times overrule the binding nature of such a nomination by a resolution adopted by at least a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, if such majority represents more than half the issued share capital. This is different from the provisions of many American corporate statutes, including the Delaware General Corporation Law, which give the directors of a corporation greater authority in choosing the executive officers of a corporation. Under our Articles, the General Meeting may suspend or dismiss a managing director at any time. The Supervisory Board shall also at all times be entitled to suspend (but not to dismiss) a Managing Director. The Articles provide that the Supervisory Board may adopt management rules governing the internal organization of the Managing Board.
Furthermore, the Supervisory Board shall determine the salary, the bonus, if any, and the other compensation terms and conditions of employment of the Managing Directors within the scope of the remuneration policy. The remuneration policy of the Managing Board has been adopted in our Annual General Meeting on June 14, 2005.
Under Dutch law, in the event that there is a conflict of interest between a Managing Director and us on a certain matter, that Managing Director shall not participate in the discussions and voting on that matter. If all our managing directors have a conflict of interest, such resolution shall be adopted by the Supervisory Board. If all Supervisory Directors have a conflict of interest as well, the General Meeting will be authorized to resolve on such matter. According to the Dutch Code, any conflict of interest or apparent conflict of interest between the company and Managing Directors should be avoided. Decisions to enter into transactions under which Managing Directors would have conflicts of interest that are of material significance to the Company and/or to the relevant Managing Director require the approval of the Supervisory Board.
Supervisory Directors
The Supervisory Board shall be responsible for supervising the policy pursued by the Managing Board and our general course of affairs. Under our Articles, the Supervisory Directors are required to serve our interests and our business and the interest of all stakeholders (which includes but is not limited to our shareholders) in fulfilling their duties. The Supervisory Board shall consist of such number of members as the Joint Meeting may from time to time determine, with a minimum of three members. The Supervisory Directors shall be appointed by the General Meeting upon the Joint Meeting having made a binding nomination for each vacancy. If during a financial year a vacancy occurs in the Supervisory Board, the Supervisory Board may appoint a Supervisory Director who will cease to hold office at the next Annual General Meeting. Under Dutch law and the Dutch Code, a Supervisory Director must excuse him or herself in the case of any conflict of interest. If all Supervisory Directors have a conflict of interest, the relevant resolution shall be adopted by the General Meeting. Decisions to enter into transactions under which a Supervisory Director would have a conflict of interest that are of material significance to QIAGEN and/or to the Supervisory Director concerned, require the approval of the Supervisory Board.
Under Dutch law and the Dutch Code, the General Meeting determines the compensation of the Supervisory Directors upon the proposal of the Compensation Committee. Any shares held by a Supervisory Director in the company on whose board he sits should be long-term investments.
Under our Articles, the General Meeting may suspend or dismiss a Supervisory Director at any time. This is different from the provisions of many American corporate statutes, including the Delaware General Corporation Law, which provides that directors may vote to fill vacancies on the board of directors of a corporation.
Liability of Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors
Under Dutch law, as a general rule, Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors are not liable for obligations we incur. Under certain circumstances, however, they may become liable, either towards QIAGEN (internal liability) or to others (external liability), although some exceptions are described below.
Liability towards QIAGEN
Failure of a Managing or Supervisory Director to perform his or her duties does not automatically lead to liability. Liability is only incurred in the case of a clear, indisputable shortcoming about which no reasonably judging business-person would have any doubt. In addition, the Managing or Supervisory Director must be deemed to have been grossly negligent. Managing Directors are jointly and severally liable for failure of the Managing Board as a whole, but an individual Managing Director will not be held liable if he or she is determined not to have been responsible for the mismanagement and has not been negligent in preventing its consequences. Supervisory Directors are jointly and severally liable for failure of the Supervisory Board as a whole, but an individual Supervisory Director will not be held liable if he or she is determined not to have been responsible for the mismanagement and has not been negligent in preventing its consequences.
Liability for Misrepresentation in Annual Accounts

60

Managing and Supervisory Directors are also jointly and severally liable to any third party for damages suffered as a result of misrepresentation in the annual accounts, annual report or interim statements of QIAGEN, although a Managing or Supervisory Director will not be held liable if found not to be personally responsible for the misrepresentation. Moreover, a Managing or Supervisory Director may be found to be criminally liable if he or she deliberately publishes false annual accounts or deliberately allows the publication of such false annual accounts.
Tort Liability
Under Dutch law, there can be liability if one has committed a tort ( onrechtmatige daad ) against another person. Although there is no clear definition of “tort” under Dutch law, breach of a duty of care towards a third party is generally considered to be a tort. Therefore, a Dutch corporation may be held liable by any third party under the general rule of Dutch laws regarding tort claims. In exceptional cases, Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors have been found liable on the basis of tort under Dutch common law, but it is generally difficult to hold a Managing or Supervisory Director personally liable for a tort claim. Shareholders cannot base a tort claim on any losses which derive from and coincide with losses we suffered. In such cases, only we can sue the Managing or Supervisory Directors.
Criminal Liability
Under Dutch law, if a legal entity has committed a criminal offence, criminal proceedings may be instituted against the legal entity itself as well as against those who gave order to or were in charge of the forbidden act. As a general rule, it is held that a Managing Director is only criminally liable if he or she played a reasonably active role in the criminal act.
Indemnification
Article 27 of our Articles provides that we shall indemnify every person who is or was a Managing Director or Supervisory Director against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees) judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any threatened pending or completed action, suit or proceeding as well as against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of an action or proceeding, if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably could believe to be in or not opposed to our best interests. An exception is made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable for gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of his or her duty to us.
Classes of Shares
The authorized classes of our shares consist of Common Shares, Financing Preference Shares and Preference Shares. No Financing Preference Shares or Preference Shares have been issued.
Common Shares
Common Shares are issued in registered form only. Common Shares are available either without issue of a share certificate, or Type I shares, or with issue of a share certificate, or Type II shares, in either case in the form of an entry in the share register. At the discretion of the Supervisory Board, Type I shares may be issued and the holders of such Type I shares will be registered in either our shareholders register with American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, or New York Transfer Agent, our transfer agent and registrar in New York, or our shareholder register with TMF FundServices B.V., Westblaak 89, NL-3012 KG Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The Type II shares are registered with our New York Transfer Agent.
The transfer of registered shares requires that we issue a written instrument of transfer and the written acknowledgement of such transfer (or, in the case of Type II shares, the New York Transfer Agent (in our name)), and surrender of the share certificates, if any, to us or (in our name) to the New York Transfer Agent. Upon surrender of a share certificate for the purpose of transfer of the relevant shares, we (or the New York Transfer Agent in our name) acknowledge the transfer by endorsement on the share certificate or by issuance of a new share certificate to the transferee, at the discretion of the Managing Board.
Financing Preference Shares
No Financing Preference Shares are currently issued or outstanding. If issued, Financing Preference Shares will be issued in registered form only. No share certificates are issued for Financing Preference Shares. Financing Preference Shares must be fully paid up upon issue. The preferred dividend rights attached to Financing Preference Shares are described under “Dividends” below. We have no present plans to issue any Financing Preference Shares.
Preference Shares

61

No Preference Shares are currently issued or outstanding. If issued, Preference Shares will be issued in registered form only. No share certificates are issued for Preference Shares. Only 25% of the nominal value thereof is required to be paid upon subscription for Preference Shares. The obligatory payable part of the nominal amount (or the call) must be equal for each Preference Share. The Managing Board may, subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board, resolve on which day and up to which amount a further call must be paid on Preference Shares which have not yet been paid up in full. The preferred dividend rights attached to Preference Shares are described under “Dividends” below.
Pursuant to our Articles and the resolution adopted by our General Meeting on June 16, 2004, QIAGEN’s Supervisory Board is entitled to resolve to issue Preference Shares in case of an intended take-over of our Company by (i) any person who alone or with one or more other persons, directly or indirectly, have acquired or given notice of an intent to acquire (beneficial) ownership of an equity stake which in aggregate equals 20% or more of our share capital then outstanding or (ii) an “adverse person” as determined by the Supervisory Board. For this purpose, an “adverse person” is generally any (legal) person, alone or together with affiliates or associates, with an equity stake in our Company which the Supervisory Board considers to be substantial and where the Supervisory Board is of the opinion that this (legal) person has engaged in an acquisition that is intended to cause or pressure QIAGEN to enter into transactions intended to provide such person with short-term financial gain under circumstances that would not be in the interest of QIAGEN and our shareholders or whose ownership is reasonably likely to cause a material adverse impact on our business prospects.
On August 2, 2004, we entered into an agreement (Option Agreement) with Stichting Preferente Aandelen QIAGEN (SPAQ) which was most recently amended on June 4, 2012. Pursuant to the Option Agreement, SPAQ was granted an option to acquire such number of Preference Shares as are equal to the total number of all outstanding Common Shares minus one in our share capital at the time of the relevant exercise of the right. SPAQ may exercise its right to acquire the Preference Shares in all situations that it believes that our interest or our stakeholders is at risk (which situations include but are not limited to (i) receipt of a notification from the Managing Board that a takeover is imminent and (ii) receipt of a notification from the Managing Board that one or more activist shareholders take a position that is not in the interest of QIAGEN, our shareholders or our other stakeholders), provided that the conditions mentioned in the previous paragraph have been met. Due to the implementation of the EC Directive on Takeover Bids in Dutch legislation, the exercise of the option to acquire Preference Shares by SPAQ and the subsequent issuance of Preference Shares to SPAQ needs to be done with due observance and in consideration of the restrictions imposed by the Public Offer Rules.
SPAQ was incorporated on August 2, 2004. Its principal office is located at Spoorstraat 50, 5911 KJ Venlo, The Netherlands. Its statutory objectives are to protect our interests and our enterprise and the enterprises of companies which are linked to us. SPAQ shall attempt to accomplish its objectives by way of acquiring Preference Shares in the share capital of QIAGEN and to exercise the voting rights in our interests and the interests of our stakeholders.
The board of SPAQ shall consist of at least two directors. Upon incorporation of SPAQ, two members were appointed to the board of SPAQ. Additional board members shall be appointed by the board of SPAQ. Board resolutions will be adopted by unanimity of the votes cast. SPAQ will be represented either by its board or by the chairman of its board.
Pre-emptive Rights
Under our Articles, existing holders of Common Shares will have pre-emptive rights in respect of future issuances of Common Shares in proportion to the number of Common Shares held by them, unless limited or excluded as described below. Holders of Common Shares shall not have pre-emptive rights in respect of future issuances of Financing Preference Shares or Preference Shares. Holders of Financing Preference Shares and Preference Shares shall not have pre-emptive rights in respect of any future issuances of share capital. Pre-emptive rights do not apply with respect to shares issued against contributions other than in cash or shares issued to our employees or one of our group companies. Under our Articles, the Supervisory Board has the power to limit or exclude any pre-emptive rights to which shareholders may be entitled, provided that it has been authorized by the General Meeting to do so. The authority of the Supervisory Board to limit or exclude pre-emptive rights can only be exercised if at that time the authority to issue shares is in full force and effect. The authority to limit or exclude pre-emptive rights may be extended in the same manner as the authority to issue shares. If there is no designation of the Supervisory Board to limit or exclude pre-emptive rights in force, the General Meeting shall have authority to limit or exclude such pre-emptive rights, but only upon the proposal of the Supervisory Board.
Resolutions of the General Meeting (i) to limit or exclude pre-emptive rights or (ii) to designate the Supervisory Board as the corporate body that has authority to limit or exclude pre-emptive rights, require a majority of at least two-thirds of the votes cast in a meeting of shareholders if less than 50% of the issued share capital is present or represented. For these purposes, issuances of shares include the granting of rights to subscribe for shares, such as options and warrants, but not the issue of shares upon exercise of such rights.

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On June 26, 2013, the General Meeting resolved to authorize the Supervisory Board until December 26, 2014 to issue Common Shares and Financing Preference Shares or grant rights to subscribe for such shares, the aggregate par value of which shall be equal to the aggregate par value of all shares issued and outstanding in the capital of the Company as at December 31, 2012 as included in the Annual Accounts for Fiscal Year 2012.
The General Meeting subsequently resolved to grant the authority to exclude or limit any pre-emptive rights until December 26, 2014. However, the General Meeting has limited this authority in a way that the Supervisory Board can only exclude or limit the pre-emptive rights in relation to no more than 20% of the aggregate number of all shares issued and outstanding in the capital of the Company as at December 31, 2012.
Acquisition of Our Own Shares
We may acquire our own shares, subject to certain provisions of Dutch law and our Articles, if (i) shareholders’ equity less the payment required to make the acquisition does not fall below the sum of paid-up and called-up capital and any reserves required by Dutch law or the Articles and (ii) we and our subsidiaries would not thereafter hold shares with an aggregate nominal value exceeding half of our issued share capital. Shares that we hold in our own capital or shares held by one of our subsidiaries may not be voted. The Managing Board, subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board, may effect our acquisition of shares in our own capital. Our acquisitions of shares in our own capital may only take place if the General Meeting has granted to the Managing Board the authority to effect such acquisitions. Such authority may apply for a maximum period of 5 years and must specify the number of shares that may be acquired, the manner in which shares may be acquired and the price limits within which shares may be acquired. Dutch corporate law allows for the authorisation of the Managing Board to purchase a number of shares equal to up to 50% of the Company’s issued share capital on the date of the acquisition. On June 26, 2013, the General Meeting resolved to extend the authorization of the Managing Board in such manner that the Managing Board may cause us to acquire shares in our own share capital, up to 10% of the outstanding shares, for an 18-month period beginning June 26, 2013 until December 26, 2014, without limitation at a price between one Euro cent (Euro 0.01) and one hundred ten percent (110%) of the price for such shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for the five trading days prior to the day of purchase, or, with respect to Preference and Finance Preference shares, against a price between one Euro cent (Euro 0.01) and three times the issuance price and in accordance with applicable provisions of Dutch law and our Articles.
Capital Reduction
Subject to the provisions of Dutch law and our Articles, the General Meeting may, upon the proposal of the Supervisory Board, resolve to reduce the issued share capital by (i) canceling shares or (ii) reducing the nominal value of shares through an amendment of our Articles. Cancellation with repayment of shares or partial repayment on shares or release from the obligation to pay up may also be made or given exclusively with respect to Common Shares, Financing Preference Shares or Preference Shares.
Financial Year, Annual Accounts and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Our financial year coincides with the calendar year. Dutch law and our Articles require that within four months after the end of the financial year, the Managing Board must make available a report with respect to such financial year, including our financial statements for such year prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards and accompanied by a report of an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The annual report is submitted to the annual General Meeting for adoption.
The General Meeting appoints an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to audit the financial statements and to issue a report thereon. On June 26, 2013, our shareholders appointed Ernst & Young Accountants to serve as our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the year ending December 31, 2013.
Dividends and Other Distributions
Subject to certain exceptions, dividends may only be paid out of profits as shown in our annual financial statements as adopted by the General Meeting. Distributions may not be made if the distribution would reduce shareholders’ equity below the sum of the paid-up capital and any reserves required by Dutch law or our Articles.
Out of profits, dividends must first be paid on any outstanding Preference Shares (the Preference Share Dividend) in a percentage (the Preference Share Dividend Percentage) of the obligatory call amount paid up on such shares at the beginning of the financial year in respect of which the distribution is made. The Preference Share Dividend Percentage is equal to the average main refinancing rates during the financial year for which the distribution is made. Average main refinancing rate shall be understood to mean the average value on each individual day during the financial year for which the distribution is made of the main refinancing rates prevailing on such day. The main refinancing rate shall be understood to mean the rate of the Main Refinancing Operation as determined and published from time to time by the European Central Bank. If and to the extent that

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profits are not sufficient to pay the Preference Share Dividend in full, the deficit shall be paid out of the reserves, with the exception of any reserve, which was formed as share premium reserve upon the issue of Financing Preference Shares. If in any financial year the profit is not sufficient to make the distributions referred to above and if no distribution or only a partial distribution is made from the reserves referred to above, such that the deficit is not fully made good, no further distributions will be made as described below until the deficit has been made good.
Out of profits remaining after payment of any dividends on Preference Shares, the Supervisory Board shall determine such amounts as shall be kept in reserve as determined by the Supervisory Board. Out of any remaining profits not allocated to reserve, a dividend (the Financing Preference Share Dividend) shall be paid on the Financing Preference Shares equal to a percentage (the Financing Preference Share Dividend Percentage) over the nominal value of the Financing Preference Shares, increased by the amount of share premium that was paid upon the first issue of Financing Preference Shares. The Financing Preference Shares Dividend Percentage which percentage is related to a fixed average effective yield on the prime interest rate on corporate loans in the United States as quoted in the Wall Street Journal as set forth in article 40.4 of our Articles. If and to the extent that the profits are not sufficient to pay the Financing Preference Share Dividend in full, the deficit may be paid out of the reserves if the Managing Board so decides with the approval of the Supervisory Board, with the exception of the reserve which was formed as share premium upon the issue of Financing Preference Shares.
Insofar as the profits have not been distributed or allocated to reserves as specified above, the General Meeting may act to allocate such profits, provided that no further dividends will be distributed on the Preference Shares or the Financing Preference Shares.
The General Meeting may resolve, on the proposal of the Supervisory Board, to distribute dividends or reserves, wholly or partially, in the form of QIAGEN shares.
Distributions as described above are payable as from a date to be determined by the Supervisory Board. The date of payment on Type I shares may differ from the date of payment on Type II shares. Distributions will be made payable at an address or addresses in The Netherlands to be determined by the Supervisory Board, as well as at least one address in each country where the shares are listed or quoted for trading. The Supervisory Board may determine the method of payment of cash distributions, provided that cash distributions in respect of Type II shares will, subject to certain exceptions, be paid in the currency of a country where our shares are listed or quoted for trading, converted at the close of business on a day to be determined for that purpose by the Supervisory Board. Distributions in cash that have not been collected within five years and two days after they have become due and payable shall revert to QIAGEN.
Dutch law provides that the declaration of dividends out of the profits that are at the free disposal of the General Meeting is the exclusive right of the General Meeting. This is different from the corporate law of most jurisdictions in the United States, which permit a corporation’s board of directors to declare dividends.
Shareholder Meetings, Voting Rights and Other Shareholder Rights
The annual General Meeting is required to be held within six months after the end of each financial year for the purpose of, among other things, adopting the annual accounts and filling of any vacancies on the Managing and Supervisory Boards.
Extraordinary General Meetings are held as often as deemed necessary by the Managing Board or Supervisory Board, or upon the request of one or more shareholders and other persons entitled to attend meetings jointly representing at least 40% of our issued share capital or by one or more shareholders jointly representing at least 10% of our issued share capital as provided for and in accordance with the laws of The Netherlands.
General Meetings are held in Amsterdam, Haarlemmermeer (Schiphol Airport), Arnhem, Maastricht, Rotterdam, Venlo or The Hague. The notice convening a General Meeting must be given in such manner as shall be authorized by law including but not limited to an announcement published by electronic means no later than the forty-second day prior to day of the general meeting. The notice will contain the agenda for the meeting or state that the agenda can be obtained at our offices.
The agenda shall contain such subjects to be considered at the General Meeting, as the persons convening or requesting the meeting shall decide. Under Dutch law, holders of shares representing solely or jointly at least three hundredth part of the issued share capital may request QIAGEN not later than on the sixtieth day prior to the day of the General Meeting, to include certain subjects on the notice convening a meeting. No valid resolutions can be adopted at a General Meeting in respect of subjects which are not mentioned in the agenda.
Dutch corporate law sets a mandatory (participation and voting) record date for Dutch listed companies fixed at the twenty-eighth day prior to the day of the shareholders’ meeting. Shareholders registered at such record date are entitled to attend and exercise their rights as shareholders at the General Meeting, regardless of a sale of shares after the record date.

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General Meetings are presided over by the chairman of the Supervisory Board or, in his absence, by any person nominated by the Supervisory Board.
At the General Meeting, each share shall confer the right to cast one vote, unless otherwise provided by law or our Articles. No votes may be cast in respect of shares that we or our subsidiaries hold, or by usufructuaries and pledgees. All shareholders and other persons entitled to vote at General Meetings are entitled to attend General Meetings, to address the meeting and to vote. They must notify the Managing Board in writing of their intention to be present or represented not later than on the third day prior to the day of the meeting, unless the Managing Board permits notification within a shorter period of time prior to any such meeting. Subject to certain exceptions, resolutions may be passed by a simple majority of the votes cast.
Except for resolutions to be adopted by the meeting of holders of Preference Shares, our Articles do not allow the adoption of shareholders resolutions by written consent (or otherwise without holding a meeting).

A resolution of the General Meeting to amend our Articles, dissolve QIAGEN, issue shares or grant rights to subscribe for shares or limit or exclude any pre-emptive rights to which shareholders shall be entitled is valid only if proposed to the General Meeting by the Supervisory Board.
A resolution of the General Meeting to amend our Articles is further only valid if the complete proposal has been made available for inspection by the shareholders and the other persons entitled to attend General Meetings at our offices as from the day of notice convening such meeting until the end of the meeting. A resolution to amend our Articles to change the rights attached to the shares of a specific class requires the approval of the relevant class meeting.
Resolutions of the General Meeting in a meeting that has not been convened by the Managing Board and/or the Supervisory Board, or resolutions included on the agenda for the meeting at the request of shareholders, will be valid only if adopted with a majority of two-thirds of votes cast representing more than half the issued share capital, unless our Articles require a greater majority or quorum.
A resolution of the General Meeting to approve a legal merger or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets is valid only if adopted by a vote of at least two-thirds of the issued share capital, unless proposed by the Supervisory Board, in which case a simple majority of the votes cast shall be sufficient.
A shareholder shall upon request be provided, free of charge, with written evidence of the contents of the share register with regard to the shares registered in its name. Furthermore, any shareholder shall, upon written request, have the right, during normal business hours, to inspect our share register and a list of our shareholders and their addresses and shareholdings, and to make copies or extracts therefrom. Such request must be directed to our Managing Directors at our registered office in the Netherlands or at our principal place of business. Financial records and other company documents (other than those made public) are not available in this manner for shareholder review, but an extract of the minutes of the General Meeting shall be made available.
According to Dutch law and our Articles, certain resolutions of the Managing Board regarding a significant change in the identity or nature of us or our enterprise are subject to the approval of the General Meeting. The following resolutions of the Managing Board require the approval of the General Meeting in any event:
(i)
the transfer of our enterprise or practically our entire enterprise to a third party;
(ii)
the entry into or termination of a long-term cooperation by us or one of our subsidiaries ( dochtermaatschappijen ) with another legal person or partnership or as a fully liable general partner of a limited partnership or a general partnership, if such cooperation or termination is of a far-reaching significance for us; and
(iii)
the acquisition or divestment by us or one of our subsidiaries ( dochtermaatschappijen ) of a participating interest in the capital of a company with a value of at least one-third of the sum of our assets according to our consolidated balance sheet and explanatory notes in our last adopted annual accounts.
No Derivative Actions; Right to Request Independent Inquiry
Dutch law does not afford shareholders the right to institute actions on behalf of us or in our interest. Shareholders holding at least one-tenth of our issued capital, or EUR 225,000, in nominal value of our shares may inform the Managing Board and the Supervisory Board of their objections as to our policy or the course of our affairs and, within a reasonable time thereafter, may request the Enterprises Division of the Court of Appeal in Amsterdam to order an inquiry into the policy and the course of our affairs by independent investigators. If such an inquiry is ordered and the investigators conclude that there has been mismanagement, the shareholders can request the Division to order certain measures such as a suspension or annulment of resolutions.

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Dissolution and Liquidation
The General Meeting may resolve to dissolve QIAGEN. If QIAGEN is dissolved, the liquidation shall be carried out by the person designated for that purpose by the General Meeting, under the supervision of the Supervisory Board. The General Meeting shall upon the proposal of the Supervisory Board determine the remuneration payable to the liquidators and to the person responsible for supervising the liquidation.
During the liquidation process, the provisions of our Articles will remain applicable to the extent possible.
In the event of our dissolution and liquidation, the assets remaining after payment of all debts and liquidation expenses will be distributed among registered holders of Common Shares in proportion to the nominal value of their Common Shares, subject to liquidation preference rights of holders of Preference Shares and Financing Preference Shares, if any.
Restrictions on Transfer of Preference Shares
The Supervisory Board, upon application in writing, must approve each transfer of Preference Shares. If approval is refused, the Supervisory Board will designate prospective purchasers willing and able to purchase the shares, otherwise the transfer will be deemed approved.
Limitations in our Articles on Rights to Own Securities
Other than with respect to usufructuaries and pledgees who have no voting rights, our Articles do not impose limitations on rights to own our securities.
Provisions which May Defer or Prevent a Change in Control
The Option Agreement and our Articles could, under certain circumstances, prevent a third party from obtaining a majority of the voting control of our shares by issuing Preference Shares. Pursuant to the Articles (and pursuant to the resolution adopted by our General Meeting on June 16, 2004), the Supervisory Board is authorized to issue Preference Shares if (i) a person has (directly or indirectly) acquired or has expressed a desire to acquire, more than 20% of our issued capital or (ii) a person holding at least a 10% interest in us has been designated as an “adverse person” by the Supervisory Board. Under the Option Agreement, SPAQ could acquire Preference Shares subject to the provisions mentioned in this paragraph.
If the Supervisory Board opposes an intended take-over and authorizes the issuance of Preference Shares, the bidder may withdraw its bid or enter into negotiations with the Managing Board and/or Supervisory Board and agree on a higher bid price for our shares.
Shareholders who obtain control of a company are obliged to make a mandatory offer to all other shareholders. The threshold for a mandatory offer is set at the ability to exercise 30% of the voting rights at the General Meeting of shareholders in a Dutch public limited company ( naamloze vennootschap ) whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market in the EU, such as QIAGEN.
Ownership Threshold Requiring Disclosure
Our Articles do not provide an ownership threshold above which ownership must be disclosed. However there are statutory requirements to disclose share ownership above certain thresholds under Dutch law—see “Obligation of Shareholders to Disclose Major Holdings.”
Exchange Controls
There are currently no limitations either under the laws of The Netherlands or in our Articles, to the rights of shareholders from outside The Netherlands to hold or vote Common Shares. Under current foreign exchange regulations in The Netherlands, there are no material limitations on the amount of cash payments that we may remit to residents of foreign countries.
Obligation of Shareholders to Disclose Major Holdings
Certain holders of our shares or rights to acquire shares (which include options and convertible bonds - see also below) are subject to notification obligations under Chapter 5.3 of the Dutch Financial Markets Supervision Act (FMSA).
Under Chapter 5.3 of the FMSA, any person who, directly or indirectly, acquires or disposes of an interest (including potential interest, such as options and convertible bonds), in our capital or voting rights must immediately notify the Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM) by means of a standard form, if as a result of such acquisition or disposal, the percentage of capital interest or voting rights held by such person in QIAGEN reaches, exceeds or falls below any of the

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following thresholds: 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 75% and 95% of the voting rights or capital interests in the issued capital of QIAGEN. This also applies if a short position exceeding aforementioned threshold is acquired. If both a (gross) short position and a long position exceeding the threshold are acquired, both provisions will need to be reported.
A notification requirement also applies if a person's capital interest or voting rights reach, exceed or fall below the above mentioned thresholds as a result of a change in our total share capital or voting rights. Such notification has to be made no later than the fourth trading day after the AFM has published our notification as described below. We are required to notify the AFM immediately of the changes to our total share capital or voting rights if our share capital or voting rights changes by 1% or more since our previous notification. We must furthermore quarterly notify the AFM within eight days after the end of the relevant quarter, in the event our share capital or voting rights changed by less than 1% in that relevant quarter since our previous notification.
Furthermore, every holder of 3% or more of our share capital or voting rights whose interest at December 31 at midnight differs from a previous notification to the AFM, as a result of certain acts (including but not limited to the exchange of our shares for depository receipts and the exercise of a right to acquire our shares) must notify the AFM within four weeks. Controlled entities, within the meaning of the FMSA, do not have notification obligations under the FMSA, as their direct and indirect interests are attributed to their (ultimate) parent. Any person may qualify as a parent for purposes of the FMSA, including an individual. A person who has a 3% or larger interest in our share capital or voting rights and who ceases to be a controlled entity for these purposes must immediately notify the AFM. As of the date of that notification, all notification obligations under the FMSA will become applicable to that entity. For the purpose of calculating the percentage of capital interest or voting rights, among other metrics, the following interests must be taken into account: (i) our shares or voting rights on our shares directly held (or acquired or disposed of) by a person, (ii) our shares or voting rights on our shares held (or acquired or disposed of) by such person's subsidiaries or by a third party for such person's account or by a third party with whom such person has concluded an oral or written voting agreement (including a discretionary power of attorney), and (iii) our shares or voting rights on our shares which such person, or any subsidiary or third party referred to above, may acquire pursuant to any option or other right held by such person (or acquired or disposed of, including, but not limited to, on the basis of convertible bonds). Special rules apply with respect to the attribution of our shares or voting rights on our shares which are part of the property of a partnership or other community of property. A holder of a pledge or right of usufruct ( vruchtgebruik ) in respect of our shares can also be subject to the notification obligations of the FMSA, if such person has, or can acquire, the right to vote on our shares or, in the case of depository receipts, our underlying shares. The acquisition of (conditional) voting rights by a pledgee or usufructuary may also trigger the notification obligations as if the pledgee or beneficial owner were the legal holder of our shares or voting rights on our shares. A holding in certain cash settled derivatives (such as cash settled call options and total equity return swaps) referencing to our shares should also be taken into account for the purpose of calculating the percentage of capital interest.
In addition, pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 236/2012, each person holding a net short position amounting to 0.2% of the issued share capital of a Dutch company that has shares admitted to trading on a European regulated market is required to report it to the AFM. Each subsequent increase of this position by 0.1% above 0.2% will also need to be reported. Each net short position equal to 0.5% of the issued share capital of a Dutch listed company and any subsequent increase of that position by 0.1% will be made public via the AFM short selling register. To calculate whether a natural person or legal person has a net short position, their short positions and long positions must be set-off. A short transaction in a share can only be contracted if a reasonable case can be made that the shares sold can actually be delivered, which requires confirmation of a third party that the shares have been located.
The AFM does not issue separate public announcements of these notifications. It does, however, keep a public register of all notifications under the FMSA on its website www.afm.nl. Third parties can request to be notified automatically by e-mail of changes to the public register in relation to a particular company’s shares or a particular notifying party.
Non-compliance with the notification obligations under the FMSA may lead to criminal fines, administrative fines, imprisonment or other sanctions. In addition, non-compliance with the shareholding disclosure obligations under the FMSA may lead to civil sanctions, including suspension of the voting rights relating to our shares held by the offender for a period of not more than three years and a prohibition applicable to the offender to acquire any of our shares or voting rights on our shares for a period of up to five years.
Taxation
The following is a general summary of certain material United States federal income and The Netherlands tax consequences to holders of our Common Shares (collectively, “U.S. Holders”) who are (i) citizens or residents of the United States, (ii) entities subject to U.S. corporate tax, (iii) certain pension trusts and other retirement or employee benefits organizations established in the United States but generally exempt from U.S. tax, (iv) certain not-for-profit organizations established in the United States

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but generally exempt from U.S. tax, (v) United States regulated investment companies, United States real estate investment trusts, and United States real estate mortgage conduits, and (vi) partnerships or similar pass-through entities, estates, and trusts to the extent the income of such partnerships, similar entities, estates, or trusts is subject to tax in the United States as income of a resident in its hands or the hands of its partners, beneficiaries, or grantors. This summary does not discuss every aspect of such taxation that may be relevant to U.S. Holders. Therefore, all prospective purchasers of our Common Shares who would be U.S. Holders are advised to consult their own tax advisor with respect to the United States federal, state and local tax consequences, as well as the Netherlands tax consequences, of the ownership of our Common Shares. This summary is based upon the advice of Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. with respect to tax consequences for U.S. Holders under United States Law and Baker & McKenzie with respect to tax consequences under Netherlands law.
The statements of The Netherlands and United States tax laws set out below are based on the laws in force as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F, and as a consequence are subject to any changes in United States or The Netherlands law, or in the double taxation conventions between the United States and The Netherlands, occurring after such date.
Netherlands Tax Considerations
The following describes the material tax consequences under Netherlands law of an investment in our Common Shares. Such description is based on current Netherlands law as interpreted under officially published case law, and is limited to the tax implications for an owner of our Common Shares who is not, or is not deemed to be, a resident of The Netherlands for purposes of the relevant tax codes (a “non-resident Shareholder” or “Shareholder”).
Dividend Withholding Tax
General. Upon distribution of dividends, we would be obligated to withhold 15% dividend tax at source and to pay the amount withheld to The Netherlands tax authorities. The term “dividends” means income from shares or other rights participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights that is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of The Netherlands. Dividends include dividends in cash or in kind, constructive dividends, certain repayments of capital qualified as dividends, interest on loans that are treated as equity for Netherlands corporate income tax purposes and liquidation proceeds in excess of, for Netherlands tax purposes, recognized paid-in capital. Stock dividends are also subject to withholding tax, unless derived from our paid-in share premium which is recognized as equity for Netherlands tax purposes.
No withholding tax applies on the proceeds resulting from the sale or disposition of our Common Shares to persons other than QIAGEN and our affiliates.
A Shareholder can be eligible for a reduction or a refund of Netherlands dividend withholding tax under a tax convention which is in effect between the country of residence of the Shareholder and The Netherlands. The Netherlands has concluded such conventions with, among others, the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Japan and virtually all EU Member States.
U.S. Shareholders. Under the Tax Convention between The Netherlands and the United States (the “Convention”), the regular 15% withholding tax on dividends we pay to a resident of the United States (as defined in the Convention) who is entitled to the benefits of the Convention, may be reduced to 5% (in the case of a corporate U.S. Shareholder that holds 10% or more of the voting power of a Netherlands company) unless such U.S. shareholder has a permanent establishment in The Netherlands with which the shares are effectively connected.
A full exemption from Netherlands withholding tax may apply to certain U.S. corporate shareholders owning at least 80% of QIAGEN voting power for a period of at least twelve months prior to the distribution.
Dividends we pay to U.S. pension funds and U.S. tax exempt organizations may be eligible for an exemption from dividend withholding tax.
Dividend Stripping. A refund, reduction, exemption, or credit of Netherlands dividend withholding tax on the basis of Netherlands tax law or on the basis of a tax treaty between The Netherlands and another state, will only be granted if the dividends are paid to the beneficial owner (“ uiteindelijk gerechtigde ”) of the dividends. A recipient of a dividend is not considered to be the beneficial owner of a dividend in an event of “dividend stripping,” in which he has paid a consideration related to the receipt of such dividend. In general terms, “dividend stripping” can be described as the situation in which a foreign or domestic person (usually, but not necessarily, the original shareholder) has transferred his shares or his entitlement to the dividend distributions to a party that has a more favorable right to a refund or reduction of Netherlands dividend withholding tax than the foreign or domestic person. In these situations, the foreign or domestic person (usually the original shareholder) avoids Netherlands dividend withholding tax while retaining his “beneficial” interest in the shares and the dividend distributions, by transferring his shares or his entitlement to the dividend distributions.

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Income Tax and Corporate Income Tax
General. A non-resident Shareholder will not be subject to Netherlands income tax or corporate income tax with respect to dividends we distribute on our Common Shares or with respect to capital gains derived from the sale or disposition of our Common Shares, provided that:
(a) the non-resident Shareholder has not made an election for the application of the rules of The Netherlands 2001 Income Tax Act as they apply to residents of The Netherlands;
(b) the non-resident Shareholder does not carry on or have an interest in a business in The Netherlands through a permanent establishment or a permanent representative to which or to whom the Common Shares are attributable or deemed to be attributable;
(c) the non-resident Shareholder does not have a direct or indirect substantial or deemed substantial interest ( “aanmerkelijk belang,” as defined in the Netherlands tax code) in our share capital or, in the event the Shareholder does have such a substantial interest, such interest is a “business asset”, or, in case of a corporate Shareholder, such interest is a "business asset" or not held with the main purpose or one of the main purposes to avoid Dutch income tax or dividend tax for another person; and
(d) the non-resident Shareholder is not entitled to a share in the profits of an enterprise, to which our Common Shares are attributable and that is effectively managed in The Netherlands, other than by way of securities or through an employment contract.
In general terms, a substantial interest ( “aanmerkelijk belang” ) in our share capital does not exist if the Shareholder (individuals as well as corporations), alone or together with his partner, does not own, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of the nominal paid-in capital of, or any class of our shares, does not have the right to acquire 5% or more of the nominal paid-in capital of, or any class of our shares (including a call option) and does not have the right to share in our profit or liquidation revenue amounting to 5% or more of the annual profits or liquidation revenue.
There is no all-encompassing definition of the term “business asset”; whether this determination can be made in general depends on the facts presented and in particular on the activities performed by the Shareholder. If the Shareholder materially conducts a business activity, while the key interest of his investment in our Shares will not be his earnings out of the investment in our Shares but our economic activity, an investment in our Shares will generally be deemed to constitute a business asset, in particular if the Shareholder’s involvement in our business will exceed regular monitoring of his investment in our Shares.
U.S. Shareholders. Pursuant to the Convention, the gain derived by a U.S. Shareholder from an alienation of our Common Shares constituting a substantial interest of the Shareholder in QIAGEN, not effectively connected or deemed connected with a permanent establishment or permanent representative of the Shareholder in The Netherlands, is not subject to Netherlands income tax or corporate income tax, provided that the gain from the alienation of our Common Shares is not derived by an individual Shareholder who has, at any time during the five-year period preceding such alienation, been a resident of The Netherlands according to Netherlands tax law and who owns, at the time of the alienation, either alone or together with close relatives, at least 25% of any class of our shares.
Gift and Inheritance Tax
A gift or inheritance of our Common Shares from a non-resident Shareholder will generally not be subject to a Netherlands gift and inheritance tax, provided that the Shareholder does not own a business which is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment or a permanent representative in The Netherlands to which or to whom our Common Shares are attributable. The Netherlands has concluded a tax convention with the United States based on which double taxation on inheritances may be avoided if the inheritance is subject to Netherlands and/or U.S. inheritance tax and the deceased was a resident of either The Netherlands or the United States.
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following summarizes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership of our Common Shares by an investor that purchases such Common Shares and that will hold the Common Shares as capital assets. This summary does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential tax considerations and does not address holders subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws (including insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, regulated investment companies, financial institutions, broker dealers or holders that own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of our voting shares).
As used herein, references to a “U.S. Holder” are to a holder of our Common Shares that is (i) a citizen or resident for tax purposes of the United States, (ii) a corporation organized under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision

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thereof, or (iii) a person or entity otherwise subject to United States federal income taxation on a net income basis with respect to our Common Shares (including a non-resident alien or foreign corporation that holds, or is deemed to hold, our Common Shares in connection with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business); and references to a “non-U.S. Holder” are to a holder that is not a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Taxation of Dividends
To the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, distributions, if any, made with respect to our Common Shares will be includable for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the income of a U.S. Holder as ordinary dividend income in an amount equal to the sum of any cash and the fair market value of any property that we distribute, before reduction for Netherlands withholding tax. Such dividends will be eligible to be treated by U.S. Holder individuals, trusts and estates as “qualified dividend income” subject to a maximum tax rate of 20 percent (plus possibly an additional 3.8 percent on net investment income; see “Taxation — United States Federal Income Tax Considerations — Medicare Tax”), if the shareholder receiving the dividend satisfies the holding period requirements, is not under any obligation to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, and if we are not treated for our taxable year in which the dividend is paid, or our preceding taxable year, as a passive foreign investment company (see “Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Status”). To the extent that such distribution exceeds our current or accumulated earnings and profits, it will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in our Common Shares and thereafter as taxable capital gain. Dividends generally will be treated as income from sources outside the United States and generally will be passive category income (or, in the case of certain holders, “financial services income”) for purposes of the foreign tax credit limitation. Dividends we pay will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations in certain circumstances under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). A U.S. Holder may elect annually to either deduct The Netherlands withholding tax (see “Taxation—Netherlands Tax Considerations—Dividend Withholding Tax”) against their income (in which case, the election will apply to all foreign income taxes such U.S. Holder paid in that year) or take the withholding taxes as a credit against their U.S. tax liability, subject to U.S. foreign tax credit limitation rules. If the dividends are qualified for the lower applicable capital gains rate (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend income taken into account for calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will in general be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the reduced rate, divided by the highest rate of tax normally applicable to dividends. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex. We urge you to consult with your own tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit in your particular circumstances.
Dividends we pay in a currency other than the U.S. dollar will be included in the income of a U.S. Holder in a U.S. dollar amount based upon the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt. A U.S. Holder will have a tax basis in such foreign currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any gain or loss on a subsequent disposition of such foreign currency (including a subsequent conversion into U.S. dollars) will be ordinary income or loss. Such gain or loss will generally be income from sources within the U.S. for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
A non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on distributions with respect to our Common Shares that are treated as dividend income for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless such dividends are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States by such non-U.S. Holder, (and are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained in the United States by such non-U.S. Holder, if an applicable income tax treaty so requires as a condition for such non-U.S. Holder to be subject to U.S. taxation on a net income basis in respect of income from our Common Shares), in which case the non-U.S. Holder generally will be subject to tax in respect of such dividends in the same manner as a U.S. Holder. Any such effectively connected dividends received by a non-United States corporation may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. A non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on distributions with respect to our Common Shares that are treated as capital gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless such holder would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares, as discussed below.
Medicare Tax
Certain U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts and whose income exceeds certain thresholds will be subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on some or all of such U.S. Holder’s “net investment income.” Net investment income generally includes interest on, and gain from the disposition of, our Common Shares unless such interest income or gain is derived in the ordinary course of the conduct of a trade or business (other than a trade or business that consists of certain passive or trading activities). You should consult your tax advisors regarding the effect this Medicare tax may have, if any, on your acquisition, ownership or disposition of our Common Shares.

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Taxation of Capital Gains
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, upon the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares, a U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amounts realized on the disposition of our Common Shares and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in our Common Shares. Such gain or loss generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax. An individual U.S. Holder is generally subject to a maximum capital gains rate of 20% for our Common Shares held for more than a year. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, capital losses are subject to limitations on deductibility. Gain realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares generally will be treated as income from sources within the United States for purposes of the foreign tax credit limitation.
A non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on gain realized on the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares unless (i) the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of the non-U.S. Holder in the United States (and is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained in the United States by such non-U.S. Holder, if an applicable income tax treaty so requires as a condition for such non-U.S. Holder to be subject to U.S. taxation on a net income basis in respect of gain from the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares) or (ii) such holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale, and certain other conditions are met. Effectively connected gains realized by a corporate Non-U.S. Holder may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Status
We may be classified as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes if certain tests are met. We will be a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder if for any taxable year in which the U.S. Holder held our Common Shares, either (i) 75% or more of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or (ii) the average value of our assets (during the taxable year) which produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least 50% of the average value of all assets for such year. Passive income means, in general, dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person), annuities, and gains from assets which would produce such income other than sales of inventory. For the purpose of the PFIC tests, if a foreign corporation owns at least 25% by value of the stock of another corporation, the foreign corporation is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation, and as if it had received directly its proportionate share of the income of such other corporation. The effect of this special provision with respect to QIAGEN and our ownership of our subsidiaries is that we, for purposes of the income and assets tests described above, will be treated as owning directly our proportionate share of the assets of our subsidiaries and of receiving directly our proportionate share of each of those companies’ income, if any, so long as we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% by value of the particular company’s stock. Active business income of our subsidiaries will be treated as our active business income, rather than as passive income. Based on our income, assets and activities, we do not believe that we were a PFIC for our taxable years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2013 and do not expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year. No assurances can be made, however, that the IRS will not challenge this position or that we will not subsequently become a PFIC. Following the close of any tax year, we intend to promptly send a notice to all shareholders of record at any time during such year, if we determine that we are a PFIC.
Prospective purchasers of our Common Shares are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the PFIC rules and their effect on an investment in our Common Shares, with particular regard to (i) the advisability of making the qualified election in the event that we notify the shareholders that we have become a PFIC in any taxable year, or (ii) the advisability of making the mark-to-market election provided in the tax law.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, dividend payments, or other taxable distributions, paid within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries on our Common Shares will be subject to information reporting requirements and backup withholding tax at the rate of 28% for a non-corporate United States person and, who also:
•
fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number;
•
is notified by the Internal Revenue Service that the individual has failed to report all interest or dividends required to be shown on the Federal income tax returns; or
•
in certain circumstances, fails to comply with applicable certification requirements.
Certain corporations and persons that are not United States persons may be required to establish their exemption from information reporting and backup withholding by certifying their status on Internal Revenue Service Form W-8 or W-9.
If a United States person sells our Common Shares to or through a United States office of a broker, the payment of the proceeds is subject to both United States backup withholding and information reporting unless the individual can certify that they are a

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non-U.S. person, under penalties of perjury, or they otherwise establish an exemption. If a United States person sells our Common Shares through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker and the sale proceeds are paid to the person outside the United States then information reporting and backup withholding generally will not apply to that payment. However, United States information reporting requirements, but not backup withholding, will apply to a payment of sales proceeds, even if that payment is made to the United States person outside the United States, if the person sells our Common Shares through a non-U.S. office of a broker that is a U.S. person or has certain other contacts with the United States.
A Holder generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules that exceed such holder’s income tax liability by filing a refund claim with the United States Internal Revenue Service.
Foreign Currency Issues
If dividends are paid in euros, the amount of the dividend distribution included in the income of a U.S. Holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the payments made in euros, determined at a spot, euro/U.S. dollar rate applicable to the date such dividend is includible in the income of the U.S. Holder, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Generally, gain or loss (if any) resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend is paid to the date such payment is converted into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss. We have never paid cash dividends on our share capital and do not intend to do so for the foreseeable future.
Certain Information Reporting Requirements
Individuals who are U.S. Holders, and who hold “specified foreign financial assets” (as defined in section 6038D of the Code), including stock of a non-U.S. corporation that is not held in an account maintained by a U.S. “financial institution” (as defined in section 6038D of the Code), whose aggregate value exceeds $50,000 on the last day of the taxable year or $75,000 at any time during the tax year, may be required to attach to their tax returns for the year certain specified information (Form 8938). An individual who fails to timely furnish the required information may be subject to a penalty, unless the failure is shown to be due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect. Additionally, in the event a U.S. Holder does not file such a report, the statute of limitations on the assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes of such U.S. Holder for the related tax year may not close before such report is filed. Under certain circumstances, an entity may be treated as an individual for purposes of the foregoing rules. U.S. holder (including entities) should consult their own tax advisors regarding their reporting obligations under this legislation.
Documents on Display
Documents referred to in this Annual Report may be inspected at our principal executive office located at Spoorstraat 50, 5911 KJ Venlo, The Netherlands.

Item 11.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our market risk relates primarily to interest rate exposures on cash, short-term investments and borrowings and foreign currency exposures. Financial risk is centrally managed and is regulated by internal guidelines which require a continuous internal risk analysis. The overall objective of our risk management is to reduce the potential negative earnings effects from changes in interest and foreign exchange rates. Exposures are managed through operational methods and financial instruments relating to interest rate and foreign exchange risks. In the ordinary course of business, we use derivative instruments, including swaps, forwards and/or options, to manage potential losses from foreign currency exposures and variable rate debt. The principal objective of such derivative instruments is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with global financial and operating activities. We do not utilize derivative or other financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and are measured at fair value with any change in fair value recognized in earnings in the period of change, unless the derivative qualifies as an effective hedge that offsets certain exposures. In determining fair value, we consider both the counterparty credit risk and our own creditworthiness.
Foreign Currency Derivatives. As a globally active enterprise, we are subject to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currencies in our ordinary operations. This includes foreign currency-denominated receivables, payables, debt, and other balance sheet positions. We manage our balance sheet exposure on a group-wide basis primarily using foreign exchange forward contracts, options and cross-currency swaps.
Interest Rate Derivatives. We have used interest rate derivative contracts on certain borrowing transactions to hedge fluctuating interest rates. We previously entered into interest rate swaps in which we agreed to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and floating interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount. These interest rate derivatives matured in 2011.

72

Further details of our derivative and hedging activities can be found in Note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Interest Rate Risk
At December 31, 2013 , we had $ 330.3 million in cash and cash equivalents as well as $49.9 million in short-term investments. Interest income earned on our cash investments is affected by changes in the relative levels of market interest rates. We only invest in high-grade investment instruments. A hypothetical adverse 10% movement in market interest rates would not have materially impacted our financial statements.
Borrowings against lines of credit are at variable interest rates. We had no amounts outstanding against our lines of credit at December 31, 2013 . A hypothetical adverse 10% movement in market interest rates would not have materially impacted our financial statements.
At December 31, 2013 , we had $845.5 million in long-term debt, none of which is at a variable rate. A hypothetical adverse 10% movement in market interest rates would not have materially impacted our financial statements.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
As a global enterprise, we are subject to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currencies with regard to our ordinary operations. This includes foreign currency-denominated receivables, payables, debt, and other balance sheet positions as well as future cash flows resulting from anticipated transactions including intra-group transactions.
A significant portion of our revenues and expenses are earned and incurred in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The euro is the most significant such currency, with others including the British pound, Japanese yen, Chinese renminbi, Swiss franc, and Canadian and Australian dollars. Fluctuations in the value of the currencies in which we conduct our business relative to the U.S. dollar have caused and will continue to cause U.S. dollar translations of such currencies to vary from one period to another. Due to the number of currencies involved, the constantly changing currency exposures, and the potential substantial volatility of currency exchange rates, we cannot predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations upon future operating results. In general terms, depreciation of the U.S. dollar against our other foreign currencies will increase reported net sales. However, this effect is, at least partially, offset by the fact that we also incur substantial expenses in foreign currencies.
We have significant production and manufacturing facilities located in Germany and intercompany sales of inventory also expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk. Intercompany sales of inventory are generally denominated in the local currency of the subsidiary purchasing the inventory in order to centralize foreign currency risk with the manufacturing subsidiary. We use an in-house bank approach to net and settle intercompany payables and receivables as well as intercompany foreign exchanged swaps and forward contracts in order to centralize the foreign exchange rate risk to the extent possible. We have entered in the past and may enter in the future into foreign exchange derivatives including forwards, swaps and options to manage the remaining foreign exchange exposure.

Item 12.
Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

Not applicable.


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PART II

Item 13.
Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Not applicable.

Item 14.
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.

Item 15.
Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Managing Directors, with the assistance of other members of management, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, within 90 days of the date of this report. Based on that evaluation, they concluded that as of December 31, 2013 , our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Managing Directors, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed, such as the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective may not prevent or detect misstatements and can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. In addition, any determination of effectiveness of controls is not a projection of any effectiveness of those controls to future periods, as those controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company’s system of internal controls over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements and even when determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 . In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in 1992 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.
Based on our assessment under the COSO Internal Control-Integrated Framework, management believes that, as of December 31, 2013 , our internal control over financial reporting is effective . Securities and Exchange Commission guidelines permit companies to exclude acquisitions from their assessment of internal control over financial reporting during the first year following an acquisition.
Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements, has audited the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 . Their report is included in this Annual Report on Form 20-F on page F-2.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during 2013 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 16A.
Audit Committee Financial Expert

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The Supervisory Board has designated Dr. Werner Brandt as an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined in the SEC rules adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Dr. Brandt is “independent” as defined in the Marketplace Rules of the NASDAQ as applicable to Audit Committees.

Item 16B.
Code of Ethics
QIAGEN has in place a Code of Conduct which qualifies as a code of ethics, as required by SEC and NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. The Code of Conduct applies to all of QIAGEN’s employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller and other persons performing similar functions. The full text of the Code of Conduct is available on our website at www.qiagen.com.

Item 16C.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The Audit Committee has adopted a pre-approval policy that requires the pre-approval of all services performed for us by our independent registered public accounting firm. Additionally, the Audit Committee has delegated to the Committee Chairman full authority to approve any management request for pre-approval, provided the Chairman presents any approval given at its next scheduled meeting. All audit-related services, tax services and other services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm or their affiliates were pre-approved by the Audit Committee and are compatible with maintaining the auditor’s independence.
At our 2013 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 26, 2013, our shareholders appointed Ernst & Young. Set forth below are the total fees billed (or expected to be billed), on a consolidated basis, by Ernst & Young and affiliates for providing audit and other professional services in each of the last two years:
(in thousands)
2013
2012
Audit fees
$
1,161

$
1,211

Audit-related fees
585

739

Tax fees
275

560

All other fees
1,883

1,398

Total
$
3,904

$
3,908


Audit fees consist of fees and expenses billed for the annual audit and quarterly review of QIAGEN’s consolidated financial statements. They also include fees billed for other audit services, which are those services that only the statutory auditor can provide, and include the review of documents filed with the Securities Exchange Commission.
Audit-related fees consist of fees and expenses billed for assurance and related services that are related to the performance of the audit or review of QIAGEN’s financial statements and include consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards and review of the opening balance sheets of newly acquired companies.
Tax fees include fees and expenses billed for tax compliance services, including assistance on the preparation of tax returns and claims for refund; tax consultations, such as assistance and representation in connection with tax audits and appeals.
All other fees include various fees and expenses billed for services as approved by the Audit Committee and as allowed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The vast majority of payments involve services for major information technology projects, which are expected to be phased down in 2014. We expect a significant reduction in all other fees for 2014.

Item 16D.
Exemptions From the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.

Item 16E.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table sets out information concerning repurchases of our common shares, which we intend to use to serve our exchangeable debt instruments and employee share-based remuneration plans.

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Purchases between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013 were made in accordance with the authorization to acquire and use treasury shares granted at the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders on June 27, 2012 (the 2012 program) and June 26, 2013 (the 2013 program), pursuant to which the Managing Board was authorized to acquire up to $100 million of QIAGEN common shares in each of the 2012 and 2013 programs. We concluded the 2012 program in April 2013 and began the 2013 program in September 2013. The approximate dollar value of shares that were available for purchase under the 2013 program as of December 31, 2013 was $77.3 million. The 2013 program will conclude at the earlier of either the repurchase of $100 million of QIAGEN common shares or December 26, 2014.
Period
(a)Total Number of Shares Purchased
(b)Average Price Paid per Share (in $)
(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans and Programs
(d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under these Plans and Programs
January 1-31, 2013
1,275,205
$16.62
1,275,205
$43,150,000
February 1-28, 2013
870,752
$21.64
870,752
$24,308,000
March 1-31, 2013
865,657
$23.96
865,657
$3,565,000
April 1-30, 2013
116,500
$21.96
116,500
$0
September 1-30, 2013
175,884
$21.17
175,884
$96,276,000
October 1-31, 2013
307,692
$21.05
307,692
$89,799,000
December 1-31, 2013
537,646
$23.23
537,646
$77,311,000
Total
4,149,336
$20.73
4,149,336

Item 16F.
Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
Not applicable.

Item 16G.
Corporate Governance

We recognize the importance of clear and straightforward rules on corporate governance and, where appropriate, have adapted our internal organization and processes to these rules. This section provides an overview of QIAGEN’s corporate governance structure and includes details of the information required under the Dutch Corporate Governance Code (the Dutch Code). The Dutch Code is applicable to QIAGEN N.V. (in the following also referred to as the “Company”), as it is a publicly listed company incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands with a registered seat in Venlo, the Netherlands. The Dutch Code contains the principles and concrete provisions which the persons involved in a listed company (including Managing Board members and Supervisory Board members) and stakeholders should observe in relation to one another.
Our corporate governance practices generally derive from the provisions of the Dutch Civil Code and the Dutch Corporate Governance Code. Further, due to our listings at the German Stock Exchange in Frankfurt and the NASDAQ exchange in the U.S., the Managing Board and the Supervisory Board of QIAGEN N.V. declared their intention to disclose in QIAGEN’s Annual Reports the Company’s compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code adopted by the Government Commission on the German Corporate Governance Code pursuant to §161 of the German Stock Corporation Law and the corporate governance practices followed by U.S. companies under the NASDAQ listing standards or state the deviations recorded in the period.
A brief summary of the principal differences follows.
Corporate Structure
QIAGEN is a ‘Naamloze Vennootschap,’ or N.V., a Dutch limited liability company similar to a corporation in the United States. QIAGEN has a two-tier board structure. QIAGEN is managed by a Managing Board consisting of executive management acting under the supervision of a Supervisory Board (non executives), similar to a Board of Directors in a U.S. corporation. It is in the interest of QIAGEN and all its stakeholders that each Board performs its functions appropriately and that there is a clear division of responsibilities between the Managing Board, the Supervisory Board, the general meeting of shareholders (General Meeting) and the external auditor in a well-functioning system of checks and balances.
Managing Board

76

General
The Managing Board manages QIAGEN and is responsible for defining and achieving QIAGEN’s aims, strategy, policies and results. The Managing Board is also responsible for complying with all relevant legislation and regulations as well as for managing the risks associated with the business activities and the financing of QIAGEN. It reports related developments to and discusses the internal risk management and control systems with the Supervisory Board and the Audit Committee. The Managing Board is accountable for the performance of its duties to the Supervisory Board and the General Meeting of Shareholders (General Meeting). The Managing Board provides the Supervisory Board with timely information necessary for the exercise of the duties of the Supervisory Board. In discharging its duties, the Managing Board takes into account the interests of QIAGEN, its enterprises and all parties involved in QIAGEN, including shareholders and other stakeholders.
Composition and Appointment
The Managing Board consists of one or more members as determined by the Supervisory Board. The members of the Managing Board are appointed by the General Meeting upon the joint meeting of the Supervisory Board and the Managing Board (the Joint Meeting) having made a binding nomination for each vacancy. However, the General Meeting may at all times overrule the binding nature of such a nomination by a resolution adopted by at least a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, if such majority represents more than half the issued share capital. Managing Directors are appointed annually for the period beginning on the date following the Annual General Meeting up to and including the date of the Annual General Meeting held in the following year.

Members of the Managing Board may be suspended and dismissed by the General Meeting by a resolution adopted by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, if such majority represents more than half of the issued share capital, unless the proposal was made by the Joint Meeting, in which case a simple majority of votes cast is sufficient. Furthermore, the Supervisory Board may at any time suspend (but not dismiss) a member of the Managing Board.
Conflicts of Interest, Loans or Similar Benefits
Resolutions to enter into transactions under which members of the Managing Board could have a conflict of interest with QIAGEN, and which are of material significance to QIAGEN and/or the relevant member of the Managing Board, require the approval of the Supervisory Board. QIAGEN has not entered into any such transactions in 2013. No credit, loans or similar benefits were granted to members of the Managing Board. Additionally, the Managing Board Members did not receive any benefits from third parties that were either promised or granted in view of their position as members of the Managing Board.

Further information on our Managing Directors can be found in Item 6 of this Annual Report.
Supervisory Board
General
The Supervisory Board supervises the policies of the Managing Board, the general course of QIAGEN’s affairs and strategy and the business enterprises which we operate. The Supervisory Board assists the Managing Board by providing advice relating to the business activities of QIAGEN. In 2013, the Supervisory Board had eight regular meetings that were held with the attendance of the Managing Board, while certain agenda items were discussed exclusively between the Supervisory Board members. In discharging its duties, the Supervisory Board takes into account the interests of QIAGEN, its enterprise and all parties involved in QIAGEN, including shareholders and other stakeholders. The Supervisory Board is responsible for the quality of its own performance. In this respect, the Supervisory Board conducts a self-evaluation on an annual basis. Our Supervisory Board has specified matters requiring its approval, including decisions and actions which would fundamentally change the company’s assets, financial position or results of operations. The Supervisory Board has appointed an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Selection and Appointment (Nomination) Committee from among its members and can appoint other committees as deemed beneficial. The Supervisory Board has approved charters pursuant to which each of the committees operates.
Composition and Appointment
The Supervisory Board consists of at least three members, or a larger number as determined by the Joint Meeting. Members of the Supervisory Board are appointed by the General Meeting upon the Joint Meeting having made a binding nomination for

77

each vacancy. However, the General Meeting may at all times overrule the binding nature of such a nomination by a resolution adopted by at least a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, if such majority represents more than half the issued share capital.

The Supervisory Board shall be composed in a way that enables it to carry out its duties properly and enables its members to act critically and independently of one another and of the Managing Board and any particular interests. To that effect, the Supervisory Board has adopted a profile of its size and composition that takes into account the nature of our business, our activities and the desired expertise and background of the members of the Supervisory Board. The current profile of the Supervisory Board can be found on our website. The Supervisory Board has appointed a chairman from its members who has the duties assigned to him by the Articles of Association and the Dutch Code.

Members of the Supervisory Board are appointed annually for the period beginning on the date following the General Meeting up to and including the date of the General Meeting held in the following year. Members of the Supervisory Board may be suspended and dismissed by the General Meeting by a resolution adopted by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, if such majority represents more than half of the issued share capital, unless the proposal was made by the Managing Board and the Supervisory Board in which case a simple majority of votes cast is sufficient.
Conflicts of Interest, Loans or Similar Benefits
Resolutions to enter into transactions under which members of the Supervisory Board could have a conflict of interest with QIAGEN, and which are of material significance to QIAGEN and/or the relevant member of the Supervisory Board, require the approval of the Supervisory Board plenum. In 2013, neither QIAGEN nor its Supervisory Board members have entered into any such transactions. No credit, loans or similar benefits were granted to members of the Supervisory Board. Additionally, the Supervisory Board Members did not receive any benefits from third parties that were either promised or granted in view of their position as members of the Supervisory Board.

Further information on our Supervisory Directors can be found in Item 6 of this Annual Report.
Additional Information
Shareholders
Our shareholders exercise their voting rights through Annual and Extraordinary General Meetings. Resolutions of the General Meeting are adopted by an absolute majority of votes cast, unless a different majority of votes or quorum is required by Dutch law or the Articles of Association. Each common share confers the right to cast one vote.

Furthermore, the Managing Board, or where appropriate, the Supervisory Board, shall provide all shareholders and other parties in the financial markets with equal and simultaneous information about matters that may influence QIAGEN's share price.

QIAGEN is required to convene an Annual General Meeting in the Netherlands no later than six months following the end of each year. The agenda for the Annual General Meeting must contain certain matters as specified in QIAGEN's Articles of Association and under Dutch law, including, among other things, the adoption of QIAGEN's annual financial statements.

Additional Extraordinary General Meetings may be convened at any time by the Managing Board, the Supervisory Board or by one or more shareholders jointly representing at least 40% of QIAGEN's issued share capital. Furthermore, one or more shareholders, who jointly represent at least 10% of QIAGEN's issued share capital may, on their application, be authorized by the district court judge having applications for interim relief, to convene a General Meeting. Shareholders are entitled to propose items for the agenda of the General Meeting provided that they hold at least 3% of the issued share capital. Proposals for agenda items for the General Meeting must be submitted at least 60 days prior to the meeting date. The notice convening a General Meeting, accompanied by the agenda, shall be sent no later than 42 days prior to the meeting. QIAGEN informs the General Meeting by means of explanatory notes to the agenda, providing all facts and circumstances relevant to the proposed resolutions.
Independence
Unlike the NASDAQ listing standards which require a majority of the Supervisory Board members to be independent, the Dutch Corporate Governance Code recommends that all Supervisory Board members, with the exception of not more than one person, shall be independent within the meaning of its “best practice” provision. In some cases the Dutch independence

78

requirement is more stringent, such as by requiring a longer “look back” period (five years) for former executive directors. In other cases, the NASDAQ rules are more stringent, such as a broader definition of disqualifying affiliations. Currently, a majority of our Supervisory Board are “independent” under both the NASDAQ and Dutch definitions.
Independent Auditors
In accordance with the requirements of Dutch law, our independent registered public accounting firm is appointed, and may be removed by, the General Meeting. The Supervisory Board nominates a candidate for the appointment as external auditor, for which purpose both the Audit Committee and the Managing Board advise the Supervisory Board. At the Annual General Meeting in 2013, Ernst & Young was appointed as external auditor for the Company for 2013 year.

The remuneration of the external auditor, and instructions to the external auditor to provide non-audit services, shall be approved by the Supervisory Board on the recommendation of the Audit Committee and after consultation with the Managing Board. At least once every four years, the Supervisory Board and the Audit Committee shall conduct a thorough assessment of the functioning of the external auditor. The main conclusions of this assessment shall be communicated to the General Meeting for the purposes of assessing the nomination for the appointment of the external auditor. The external auditor is invited to attend the meeting of the Supervisory Board at which the financial statements shall be approved and is furthermore invited to attend the General Meeting at which the financial statements are adopted and may be questioned by the General Meeting on its statement on the fairness of our annual accounts.
Whistleblower Policy and Code of Conduct
We have a formal Whistleblower Policy concerning the reporting of alleged irregularities within QIAGEN of a general, operational or financial nature. Furthermore, we have a published Code of Conduct that outlines business principles for our employees and rules of conduct. The Code of Conduct can be found on our website at www.qiagen.com.
Anti-Takeover Measures
In 2004, the Supervisory Board granted an option to the Dutch Foundation Stichting Preferente Aandelen QIAGEN that allows the Foundation to acquire preference shares from QIAGEN if (i) a person has (directly or indirectly) acquired or has expressed a desire to acquire more than 20% of our issued share capital, or (ii) a person holding at least a 10% interest in the share capital has been designated as a hostile person by our Supervisory Board. The option enables the Foundation to acquire preference shares equal to the number of our outstanding common shares at the time of the relevant exercise of the right, less one share. When exercising the option and exercising its voting rights on these shares, the Foundation must act in the interest of QIAGEN and the interests of our stakeholders. No preference shares are currently outstanding.

Dutch Corporate Governance Code--Comply or Explain
The corporate governance structure and compliance with the Dutch Code is the joint responsibility of the Managing Board and the Supervisory Board. They are accountable for this responsibility to the General Meeting. We continue to seek ways to improve our corporate governance by measuring itself against international best practice. The Dutch Code was last amended on December 10, 2008, and can be found at www.commissiecorporategovernance.nl .

Non-application of a specific best practice provision is not in itself considered objectionable by the Dutch Code and may well be justified because of particular circumstances relevant to a company. In accordance with Dutch law, we disclose in our Annual Report the application of the Dutch Code's principles and best practice provisions.

To the extent that we do not apply certain principles and best practice provisions, or do not intend to apply these in the current or the subsequent year, we state the reasons.

We take a positive view of the Dutch Code and apply nearly all of the best practice provisions. However, we prefer not to apply some provisions due to the international character of our business as well as the fact - acknowledged by the Commission that drafted the Dutch Code - that existing contractual agreements between QIAGEN and individual members of the Managing Board cannot be set aside at will.

The following provides an overview of exceptions that we have identified:

1.
Best practice provision II.1.1 recommends that a management board member is appointed for a maximum period of four years. A member may be reappointed for a term of not more than four years at a time.

79


Members of the Managing Board are appointed annually for a one-year period beginning on the day following the General Meeting up to and including the day of the General Meeting held in the following year.

2.
Best practice provision II.2.4 recommends that the number of granted options shall be dependent on the achievement of challenging targets specified beforehand.

From time to time, members of our Managing Board are granted options to acquire common shares at an exercise price higher than the market price on the grant date (as determined by reference to an organized trading market or association). Our view is that the “challenging target” has been set at the time of granting the options since the holder cannot realize any value from these options unless the price of our common shares has risen above the exercise price. Stock options are only a relatively small fraction of the long term incentives awarded to the Managing Board. The appreciation of the stock options is therefore unlikely to be a material impact on the overall compensation volume.

3.
Best practice provision II.2.5 recommends that shares granted to management board members without financial consideration shall be retained for a period of at least five years or until at least at the end of the employment, if this period is shorter. The number of shares to be granted shall be dependent on the achievement of clearly quantifiable and challenging targets specified beforehand.

Members of the Managing Board are granted restricted stock units and performance stock units from time to time. Restricted stock units represent rights to receive common shares at a future date. The number of granted restricted stock units is dependent upon the achievement of pre-defined performance goals. Restricted stock units are structured so that 40% of a grant vests after three years, 50% after five years and the remaining 10% after ten years. Performance stock units have performance conditions in addition to time-vesting.

4.
Best practice provision II.2.8 recommends that the maximum remuneration in the event of dismissal of a management board member may not exceed one year's salary (the ”fixed” remuneration component). If the maximum of one year's salary would be manifestly unreasonable for a management board member who is dismissed during his first term of office, such board member shall be eligible for a severance pay not exceeding twice the annual salary.

Our Managing Board members have entered into employment agreements with QIAGEN N.V. and some QIAGEN affiliates for which they hold managing positions. In case of termination of an agreement without serious cause as defined by the applicable law, the respective affiliate would remain obliged to compensate the Managing Board member for the remaining term of the employment agreement. QIAGEN believes that these contractual arrangements are well justified due to the long tenures of the Managing Board members.
5 .
Best practice provision III.3.5 recommends that a person may be appointed to the supervisory board for a maximum of three 4-year terms.

The Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Prof. Riesner, has been a member of the Supervisory Board of QIAGEN N.V. since its establishment in 1996 and Prof. Karobath has been a Supervisory Member since 2000. Prof. Riesner has announced that he will not stand for re-appointment to the Supervisory Board in the annual general meeting in 2014. Prof. Karobath contributes profound scientific and industry experience from various management positions in the pharmaceutical industry to the board profile. He has a unique knowledge about QIAGEN which is considered to be highly valuable. As a result, QIAGEN strongly supports the reappointment Prof. Karobath beyond the 12-year term as recommended by the Dutch Code.

6.
Best practice provision III.7.1 recommends that a supervisory board member may not be granted any shares and/or rights to shares by way of remuneration.

QIAGEN has granted stock options to the members of the Supervisory Board as a remuneration component since its establishment. Since 2007, Supervisory Board members have also been granted restricted stock units. We believe that the reasonable level of equity based compensation which we practice allows a positive alignment of shareholder interests with the other duties of the Supervisory Board and that this practice is necessary to attract and retain Supervisory Board members as the granting of share-based compensation to Supervisory Board members is a common practice in our industry.

7.
B est practice provision IV.1.1 recommends that a general meeting of shareholders is empowered to cancel binding nominations of candidates for the management board and supervisory board, and to dismiss members of either board

80

by a simple majority of votes of those in attendance, although the company may require a quorum of at least one third of the voting rights outstanding for such vote to have force. If such quorum is not represented, but a majority of those in attendance votes in favor of the proposal, a second meeting may be convened and its vote will be binding, even without a one-third quorum.

Our Articles of Association currently state that the General Meeting may at all times overrule a binding nomination by a resolution adopted by at least a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, if such majority represents more than half of the issued share capital. Although a deviation from provision IV.1.1 of the Dutch Code, the Supervisory Board and the Managing Board hold the view that these provisions will enhance the continuity of QIAGEN's management and policies.
NASDAQ Exemptions
Exemptions from the NASDAQ corporate governance standards are available to foreign private issuers, such as QIAGEN when those standards are contrary to a law, rule or regulation of any public authority exercising jurisdiction over such issuer or contrary to generally accepted business practices in the issuer’s country of domicile. In connection with QIAGEN’s initial public offering, NASDAQ granted QIAGEN exemptions from certain corporate governance standards that are contrary to the laws, rules, regulations or generally accepted business practices of The Netherlands. These exemptions and the practices followed by QIAGEN are described below:
•
QIAGEN is exempt from NASDAQ’s quorum requirements applicable to meetings of ordinary shareholders. In keeping with the law of The Netherlands and generally accepted business practices in The Netherlands, QIAGEN’s Articles of Association provide that there are no quorum requirements generally applicable to meetings of the General Meeting.
•
QIAGEN is exempt from NASDAQ’s requirements regarding the solicitation of proxies and provision of proxy statements for meetings of the General Meeting. QIAGEN does furnish proxy statements and solicit proxies for meetings of shareholders. Dutch corporate law sets a mandatory (participation and voting) record date for Dutch listed companies fixed at the twenty-eighth day prior to the day of the shareholders’ meeting. Shareholders registered at such record date are entitled to attend and exercise their rights as shareholders at the General Meeting, regardless of a sale of shares after the record date.
•
QIAGEN is exempt from NASDAQ’s requirements that shareholder approval be obtained prior to the establishment of, or material amendments to, stock option or purchase plans and other equity compensation arrangements pursuant to which options or stock may be acquired by directors, officers, employees or consultants. QIAGEN is also exempt from NASDAQ’s requirements that shareholder approval be obtained prior to certain issuances of stock resulting in a change of control, occurring in connection with acquisitions of stock or assets of another company or issued at a price less than the greater of book or market value other than in a public offering. QIAGEN’s Articles of Association do not require approval of the General Meeting prior to the establishment of a stock plan. The Articles of Association also permit the General Meeting to grant the Supervisory Board general authority to issue shares without further approval of the General Meeting. QIAGEN’s General Meeting has granted the Supervisory Board general authority to issue up to a maximum of our authorized capital without further approval of the General Meeting. QIAGEN plans to seek approval of the General Meetings for stock plans and stock issuances only where required under the law of The Netherlands or under QIAGEN’s Articles of Association.
Further Information
For additional information regarding our Boards, including the Audit and other Committees of our Supervisory Board, please refer to the discussion in Item 6 above.


Item 16H.
Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.



81

PART III

Item 17.
Financial Statements
See Item 18.

Item 18.
Financial Statements
See pages F-1 through F-40 included herein.

(A)
The following financial statements, together with the reports of Ernst & Young thereon, are filed as part of this annual report:

Item 19.
Exhibits
1.1
Articles of Association as confirmed by notorial deed as of June 30, 2011 (English translation) (Filed as Exhibit 4.1) (8)
2.3
Indenture between QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A., QIAGEN N.V., Deutsche Trustee Company Limited, Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A. dated August 18, 2004 (3)
2.4
Agreement In Connection With The Delivery Of Ordinary Shares In The Share Capital Of QIAGEN N.V. Pursuant To Convertible Notes Due 2024 Issued By QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. dated August 18, 2004 (3)
2.5
Amendment to Agreement In Connection With The Delivery Of Ordinary Shares In The Share Capital Of QIAGEN N.V. Pursuant To Convertible Notes Due 2024 Issued By QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. dated July 1, 2006 (5)
2.6
Indenture between QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A., QIAGEN N.V., Deutsche Trustee Company Limited, Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A. dated May 16, 2006 (5)
2.7
Agreement In Connection With The Delivery Of Ordinary Shares In The Share Capital Of QIAGEN N.V. Pursuant To Convertible Notes Due 2026 Issued By QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. dated May 8, 2006 (5)
2.8
Amendment to Agreement In Connection With The Delivery Of Ordinary Shares In The Share Capital Of QIAGEN N.V. Pursuant To Convertible Notes Due 2026 Issued By QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. dated July 1, 2006 (5)
2.9
$400 Million Note Purchase Agreement dated as of October 16, 2012 (9)
4.1
Lease Between QIAGEN GmbH and Gisantus Grundstuecksverwaltungsgesellschaft mbH, dated January 13, 1997 (the “Max-Volmer-Strasse 4 Lease”) (Filed as Exhibit 10.3) (1)
4.2
The Max-Volmer-Strasse 4 Lease Summary (Filed as Exhibit 10.3(a)) (1)

82

4.3
Lease, dated as of March 2, 1998, by and between Digene and ARE-Metropolitan Grove I, LLC (6)
4.4
Fourth Amendment to Lease, dated November 15, 2005, between ARE-Metropolitan Grove I, LLC and Digene Corporation (6)
4.5
QIAGEN N.V. Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Plan (Filed as Exhibit 99.1) (8)
4.6
Digene Corporation Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (Filed as Exhibit 99.3) (2)
*8.1
List of Subsidiaries
*12.1
Certifications under Section 302; Peer M. Schatz, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer
*12.2
Certifications under Section 302; Roland Sackers, Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer
*13.1
Certifications under Section 906; Peer M. Schatz, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer and Roland Sackers, Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer
*15.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
†*101
XBRL Interactive Data File
____________________
*
Filed herewith.
†
Pursuant to Rule 406(T) of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.
(1)
Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2000.
(2)
Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement of QIAGEN N.V. on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 7, 2007.
(3)
Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 19, 2005.
(4)
Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 3, 2006.
(5)
Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 2, 2007.
(6)
Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 20, 2008.
(7)
Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 17, 2010.
(8)
Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement of QIAGEN N.V. on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2011.
(9)
Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2013.


83

SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
QIAGEN N.V.
Dated: March 3, 2014
By:
/s/ Peer M. Schatz
Peer M. Schatz, Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Roland Sackers
Roland Sackers, Chief Financial Officer


84

QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


85

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Supervisory Board and Shareholders of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 18(A). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 Framework) and our report dated March 3, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

March 3, 2014
Ernst & Young GmbH
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
Düsseldorf, Germany
/s/ Hendrik Hollweg
/s/ Tobias Schlebusch
Wirtschaftsprüfer
Wirtschaftsprüfer
[German Public Auditor]
[German Public Auditor]



F- 1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Supervisory Board and Shareholders of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries
We have audited QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 Framework) (the COSO criteria). QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries' management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013 of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries and our report dated March 3, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

March 3, 2014
Ernst & Young GmbH
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
Düsseldorf, Germany
/s/ Hendrik Hollweg
/s/ Tobias Schlebusch
Wirtschaftsprüfer
Wirtschaftsprüfer
[German Public Auditor]
[German Public Auditor]




F- 2


QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in $ thousands)
As of December 31,
Note
2013
2012
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
330,303

$
394,037

Short-term investments
(7)
49,923

90,451

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $10,683 and $5,221 in 2013 and 2012, respectively
(3)
259,710

250,729

Income taxes receivable
46,874

39,150

Inventories, net
(3)
128,097

135,293

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
(8)
66,290

55,363

Deferred income taxes
(16)
39,692

27,598

Total current assets
920,889

992,621

Long-term assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net
(9)
445,044

418,932

Goodwill
(11)
1,855,691

1,759,898

Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $630,136 and $532,006 in 2013 and 2012, respectively
(11)
790,405

853,872

Deferred income taxes
(16)
5,081

2,323

Other long-term assets
71,282

59,985

Total long-term assets
3,167,503

3,095,010

Total assets
$
4,088,392

$
4,087,631










The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


















F- 3


QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in $ thousands, except par value)
As of December 31,
Note
2013
2012
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt
(15)
$
207

$
948

Accounts payable
50,869

51,311

Accrued and other liabilities (of which $6,943 and $7,008 in 2013 and 2012 due to related parties)
(12) (23)
245,236

196,447

Income taxes payable
38,131

14,863

Deferred income taxes
(16)
2,595

3,300

Total current liabilities
337,038

266,869

Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt, net of current portion (of which $445,000 in 2013 and 2012 due to related parties)
(15) (23)
845,276

846,044

Deferred income taxes
(16)
143,760

191,609

Other liabilities
38,447

58,746

Total long-term liabilities
1,027,483

1,096,399

Commitments and contingencies
(20)




Equity:
Preference shares, 0.01 EUR par value, authorized—450,000 shares, no shares issued and outstanding
—

—

Financing preference shares, 0.01 EUR par value, authorized—40,000 shares, no shares issued and outstanding
—

—

Common Shares, 0.01 EUR par value, authorized—410,000 shares, issued — 239,707 and 236,487 shares at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively
2,812

2,769

Additional paid-in capital
1,777,894

1,718,163

Retained earnings
1,054,431

985,434

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
(17)
(4,192
)
43,991

Less treasury shares, at cost—5,817 and 1,943 shares at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively
(18)
(116,613
)
(35,653
)
Equity attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V.
2,714,332

2,714,704

Noncontrolling interest
9,539

9,659

Total equity
2,723,871

2,724,363

Total liabilities and equity
$
4,088,392

$
4,087,631




The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F- 4

QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in $ thousands, except per share data)
Years ended December 31,
Note
2013
2012
2011
Net sales
(3)
$
1,301,984

$
1,254,456

$
1,169,747

Cost of sales
486,494

430,432

419,938

Gross profit
815,490

824,024

749,809

Operating expenses:
Research and development
(3)
146,070

122,476

130,636

Sales and marketing
371,523

343,549

307,332

General and administrative, restructuring, integration and other
(3) (6)
199,072

152,068

185,507

Acquisition-related intangible amortization
35,495

36,117

26,746

Total operating expenses
752,160

654,210

650,221

Income from operations
63,330

169,814

99,588

Other income (expense):
Interest income
2,299

2,382

6,128

Interest expense
(30,882
)
(23,452
)
(25,358
)
Other income (expense), net
2,591

(3,591
)
15,854

Total other expense, net
(25,992
)
(24,661
)
(3,376
)
Income before income taxes
37,338

145,153

96,212

Income taxes
(3) (16)
(31,760
)
15,616

1,263

Net income
69,098

129,537

94,949

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
25

31

(1,089
)
Net income attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V.
$
69,073

$
129,506

$
96,038

Basic net income per common share attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V.
$
0.30

$
0.55

$
0.41

Diluted net income per common share attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V.
$
0.29

$
0.54

$
0.40

Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in thousands)
Basic
(19)
234,000

235,582

233,850

Diluted
(19)
242,175

240,746

239,064










The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F- 5

QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in $ thousands)
Years ended December 31,
Note
2013
2012
2011
Net income
$
69,098

$
129,537

$
94,949

Other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods:
Gains on cash flow hedges, before tax
(13)
—

305

5,417

Reclassification adjustments on cash flow hedges, before tax
(13)
—

781

(3,961
)
Cash flow hedges, before tax
—

1,086

1,456

Gains (losses) on pensions, before tax
117

(863
)
180

Foreign currency translation adjustments, before tax
(45,807
)
27,639

(51,383
)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax
(45,690
)
27,862

(49,747
)
Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive (loss) income
(2,151
)
416

(1,174
)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, after tax
(47,841
)
28,278

(50,921
)
Comprehensive income
21,257

157,815

44,028

Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
(367
)
(222
)
3,160

Comprehensive income attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V.
$
20,890

$
157,593

$
47,188










The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F- 6

QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in $ thousands)
Note
Common Shares
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Treasury Shares
Equity Attributable to the Owners of QIAGEN N.V.
Non-controlling interest
Total
Equity
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
BALANCE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2010
233,115

$
2,724

$
1,648,985

$
759,890

$
64,754

—

$
—

$
2,476,353

$
—

$
2,476,353

Acquisition of Ipsogen S.A.
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

42,437

42,437

Acquisition of Ipsogen S.A. shares from non-controlling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(29,783
)
(29,783
)
Net income
—

—

—

96,038

—

—

—

96,038

(1,089
)
94,949

Unrealized gain, net on hedging contracts
—

—

—

—

3,707

—

—

3,707

—

3,707

Realized gain, net on hedging contracts
—

—

—

—

(2,825
)
—

—

(2,825
)
—

(2,825
)
Unrealized gain, net on pension
(17)
—

—

—

—

126

—

—

126

—

126

Translation adjustment, net
(17)
—

—

—

—

(49,858
)
—

—

(49,858
)
(2,071
)
(51,929
)
Common stock issuances under employee stock plans
1,106

15

8,763

—

—

—

—

8,778

—

8,778

Tax benefit of employee stock plans
—

—

(4,565
)
—

—

—

—

(4,565
)
—

(4,565
)
Share-based compensation
(21)
—

—

19,539

—

—

—

—

19,539

—

19,539

Proceeds from subscription receivables
—

—

1,011

—

—

—

—

1,011

—

1,011

BALANCE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2011
234,221

$
2,739

$
1,673,733

$
855,928

$
15,904

—

$
—

$
2,548,304

$
9,494

$
2,557,798

Acquisition of Ipsogen S.A. shares from non-controlling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(57
)
(57
)
Net income
—

—

—

129,506

—

—

—

129,506

31

129,537

Unrealized gain, net on hedging contracts
—

—

—

—

209

—

—

209

—

209

Realized loss, net on hedging contracts
—

—

—

—

553

—

—

553

—

553

Unrealized loss, net on pension
(17)
—

—

—

—

(598
)
—

—

(598
)
—

(598
)
Translation adjustment, net
(17)
—

—

—

—

27,923

—

—

27,923

191

28,114

Purchase of treasury shares
—

—

—

—

—

(1,943
)
(35,653
)
(35,653
)
—

(35,653
)
Common stock issuances under employee stock plans
2,266

30

16,549

—

—





16,579

—

16,579

Excess tax benefit of employee stock plans
—

—

1,489

—

—

—

—

1,489

—

1,489

Share-based compensation
(21)
—

—

25,356

—

—

—

—

25,356

—

25,356

Proceeds from subscription receivables
—

—

1,036

—

—

—

—

1,036

—

1,036

BALANCE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2012
236,487

$
2,769

$
1,718,163

$
985,434

$
43,991

(1,943
)
$
(35,653
)
$
2,714,704

$
9,659

$
2,724,363

Acquisition of Ipsogen S.A. shares from non-controlling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(487
)
(487
)
Net income
—

—

—

69,073

—

—

—

69,073

25

69,098

Unrealized gain, net on pension
(17)
—

—

—

—

82

—

—

82

—

82

Translation adjustment, net
(17)
—

—

—

—

(48,265
)
—

—

(48,265
)
342

(47,923
)
Purchase of treasury shares
(18)
—

—

—

—

—

(4,149
)
(86,029
)
(86,029
)
—

(86,029
)
Common stock issuances under employee stock plans
3,220

43

20,301

(76
)
—

275

5,069

25,337

—

25,337

Tax benefit of employee stock plans
—

—

433

—

—

—

—

433

—

433

Share-based compensation
(21)
—

—

37,935

—

—

—

—

37,935

—

37,935

Proceeds from subscription receivables
—

—

1,062

—

—

—

—

1,062

—

1,062

BALANCE AT
DECEMBER 31, 2013
239,707

$
2,812

$
1,777,894

$
1,054,431

$
(4,192
)
(5,817
)
$
(116,613
)
$
2,714,332

$
9,539

$
2,723,871


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F- 7

QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in $ thousands)
Years ended December 31,
Note
2013
2012
2011
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
$
69,098

$
129,537

$
94,949

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, net of effects of businesses acquired:
Depreciation and amortization
199,355

197,892

167,377

Non-cash acquisition, impairment and restructuring related costs
42,768

16,909

43,029

Share-based compensation expense
(21)
37,935

25,356

19,539

Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation
(3,130
)
(1,489
)
(4,153
)
Deferred income taxes
(16)
(68,086
)
(22,767
)
(31,861
)
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration
(14)
(11,127
)
(11,463
)
253

Other
(13,521
)
(5,227
)
(1,437
)
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
(3)
(14,921
)
(14,289
)
(28,203
)
Inventories
(3)
(17,499
)
(20,376
)
(15,945
)
Prepaid expenses and other
(8)
(9,620
)
3,456

(10,082
)
Other assets
257

7

(4,183
)
Accounts payable
(6,793
)
(9,945
)
7,261

Accrued and other liabilities
(12)
26,262

(13,255
)
19,577

Income taxes
(16)
23,829

(35,328
)
(6,244
)
Other
4,150

5,862

(5,098
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
258,957

244,880

244,779

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
(84,468
)
(101,996
)
(86,805
)
Proceeds from sale of equipment
44

1,312

2,020

Purchases of intangible assets
(34,225
)
(26,089
)
(34,583
)
Cash paid for investments
(4,319
)
(8,173
)
(19,284
)
Purchases of short-term investments
(7)
(20,346
)
(39,942
)
(186,817
)
Sales of short-term investments
(7)
63,146

5,999

242,630

Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(5)
(170,546
)
(131,997
)
(457,483
)
Other investing activities
(1,021
)
—

—

Net cash used in investing activities
(251,735
)
(300,886
)
(540,322
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net repayment/proceeds from short-term debt
(15)
(1,451
)
(143,311
)
142,329

Proceeds from debt
(15)
13

400,000

44,000

Repayment of debt
(15)
(2,285
)
(1,607
)
(469,857
)
Cash paid for debt issuance costs
(15)
—

(2,084
)
—

Principal payments on capital leases
(4,215
)
(3,780
)
(3,703
)
Proceeds from subscription receivables
1,062

1,036

1,011

Excess tax benefits from share based compensation
3,130

1,489

4,153

Proceeds from the exercise of stock options
25,337

16,579

8,778

Purchase of treasury shares
(18)
(86,029
)
(35,653
)
—

Acquisition of noncontrolling interest
(487
)
(57
)
(29,783
)
Other financing activities
(3,834
)
(6,008
)
(7,558
)
Net (used in) provided by financing activities
(68,759
)
226,604

(310,630
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(2,197
)
2,306

(1,101
)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
(63,734
)
172,904

(607,274
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
394,037

221,133

828,407

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
$
330,303

$
394,037

$
221,133

Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Cash paid for interest
$
31,000

$
17,298

$
20,760

Cash paid for income taxes
$
14,518

$
61,586

$
41,494

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Equipment purchased through capital lease
$
449

$
492

$
545

Investment acquired in non-monetary exchange
$
—

$
3,842

$
—

Intangible assets acquired in non-monetary exchange
$
—

$
5,658

$
—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F- 8

QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013
1. Corporate Information and Basis of Presentation

QIAGEN N.V. is a public limited liability company ('naamloze vennootschap') under Dutch law with registered office at Spoorstraat 50, Venlo, The Netherlands. QIAGEN N.V., a Netherlands holding company, and subsidiaries (we, our or the Company) is a leading provider of innovative Sample and Assay Technologies. These technologies—consumable products such as sample and assay kits and automated instrumentation systems—empower customers to transform raw biological samples into valuable molecular information. We serve four major customer classes: Molecular Diagnostics laboratories; Applied Testing customers in fields such as forensics, veterinary diagnostics and food safety; Pharmaceutical research and development groups, and Academic researchers. We market our products in more than 100 countries.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and all amounts are presented in U.S. dollars rounded to the nearest thousand, unless otherwise indicated. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for derivative financial instruments, contingent consideration and available-for-sale financial instruments that have been measured at fair value.
On April 29, 2013, we acquired Ingenuity Systems, Inc., located in Redwood City, California (Ingenuity) and on August 23, 2013 we acquired CLC bio (CLC), located in Aarhus, Denmark. Accordingly, as of the acquisition dates, all of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their respective fair values and our consolidated results of operations include Ingenuity’s and CLC's operating results beginning April 29, 2013 and August 22, 2013, respectively. On May 3, 2012 , we acquired AmniSure International LLC, located in Boston, Massachusetts (AmniSure). Accordingly, as of May 3, 2012 , all of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their respective fair values and our consolidated results of operations include AmniSure’s operating results from May 3, 2012 .

2. Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements

Adoption of New Accounting Standards
In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-11, “Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities,” (ASU 2011-11). ASU 2011-11 enhances disclosures regarding financial instruments and derivative instruments. Entities are required to provide both net information and gross information for these assets and liabilities in order to enhance comparability between those entities that prepare their financial statements on the basis of U.S. GAAP and those entities that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS. The requirements of ASU 2011-11 are to be applied retrospectively and became effective for us on January 1, 2013. We did not have any offsetting arrangements during 2013 and therefore the adoption of this standard update did not have an effect on our disclosures.
In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU No. 2012-02, " Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment" (ASU 2012-02), allowing entities the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test. If the qualitative assessment indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required. Otherwise, no testing is required. ASU 2012-02 became effective for us in the period beginning January 1, 2013 and its adoption did not have an effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, "Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" (ASU 2013-02). Under ASU 2013-02, an entity is required to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required to be reclassified in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures that provide additional details about those amounts. ASU 2013-02 does not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in the financial statements. ASU 2013-02 became effective for us on January 1, 2013. See Note 17 for information on AOCI balances. There were no significant reclassifications out of AOCI to net income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-10 (ASU 2013-10), " Inclusion of the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (or Overnight Index Swap Rate) as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes" (a consensus of the FASB

F- 9

Emerging Issues Task Force), which permits the use of the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (also referred to as the Overnight Index Swap Rate), in addition to the U.S. Treasury rate (UST) and London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes under FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging . Under ASU 2013-10, entities should apply the ASU prospectively for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after July 17, 2013. We did not have any qualifying or redesignated hedging relationships during 2013 and therefore the adoption of this standard update did not have an effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In February 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-04, "Liabilities (Topic 405) ─Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation Is Fixed at the Reporting Date" (ASU 2013-04). The amendments in this update provide guidance for the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation within the scope of this update is fixed at the reporting date, except for obligations addressed within existing guidance in U.S. GAAP. The guidance requires an entity to measure those obligations as the sum of the amount the reporting entity agreed to pay on the basis of its arrangement among its co-obligors and any additional amount the reporting entity expects to pay on behalf of its co-obligors. The guidance in this update also requires an entity to disclose the nature and amount of the obligation as well as other information about those obligations. The requirements of ASU 2013-04 will become effective for us on January 1, 2014. We do not expect the adoption of these provisions to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-05, "Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830): Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity" (ASU 2013-05). The amendments in ASU 2013-05 provide guidance on releasing Cumulative Translation Adjustments (CTA) when a reporting entity (parent) ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business within a foreign entity. In addition, these amendments provide guidance on the release of CTA in partial sales of equity method investments and in step acquisitions. For public entities, the amendments are effective on a prospective basis for fiscal years and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The amendments should be applied prospectively to derecognition events occurring after the effective date. Prior periods should not be adjusted and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2013-05 will become effective for us in the period beginning January 1, 2014 and the adoption is not expected to have an effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In July 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-11 (ASU 2013-11), " Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists" (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force), which requires an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss (NOL) carryforward, or similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward, rather than as a liability when (1) the uncertain tax position would reduce the NOL or other carryforward under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction and (2) the entity intends to use the deferred tax asset for that purpose. The ASU does not require new disclosures. It is effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. Early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. ASU 2013-11 will become effective for us in the period beginning January 1, 2014 and we are currently evaluating the impact the adoption will have on our financial statements.

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of QIAGEN N.V. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries that are not considered variable interest entities. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Investments in companies where we exercise significant influence over the operations but do not have control, and where we are not the primary beneficiary, are accounted for using the equity method. All other investments are accounted for under the cost method. When there is a portion of equity in an acquired subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company, we record the fair value of the noncontrolling interests at the acquisition date and classify the amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests separately in equity in the consolidated financial statements. Any subsequent changes in the Company's ownership interest while the Company retains its controlling financial interest in its subsidiary are accounted for as equity transactions.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

F- 10

Concentrations of Risk
We buy materials for products from many suppliers, and are not dependent on any one supplier or group of suppliers for the business as a whole. However, key components of certain products, including certain instrumentation components and chemicals, are available only from a single source. If supplies from these vendors were delayed or interrupted for any reason, we may not be able to obtain these materials timely or in sufficient quantities in order to produce certain products and sales levels could be negatively affected. Additionally, our customers include researchers at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, and government and private laboratories. Fluctuations in the research and development budgets of these researchers and their organizations for applications in which our products are used could have a significant effect on the demand for our products.
The financial instruments used in managing our foreign currency and interest rate exposures have an element of risk in that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements. We attempt to minimize this risk by limiting the counterparties to a diverse group of highly-rated international financial institutions. The carrying values of our financial instruments incorporate the non-performance risk by using market pricing for credit risk. However, we have no reason to believe that any counterparties will default on their obligations and therefore do not expect to record any losses as a result of counterparty default. In order to minimize our exposure with any single counterparty, we have entered into master agreements which allow us to manage the exposure with the respective counterparty on a net basis. In connection with such agreements, we do not require and are not required to pledge collateral for derivative transactions.
Other financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and accounts receivable. We attempt to minimize the risks related to cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments by dealing with highly-rated financial institutions and investing in a broad and diverse range of financial instruments. We have established guidelines related to credit quality and maturities of investments intended to maintain safety and liquidity. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to a large and diverse customer base, which is dispersed over different geographic areas. Allowances are maintained for potential credit losses and such losses have historically been within expected ranges.
Foreign Currency Translation
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar and our subsidiaries’ functional currencies are generally the local currency of the respective countries in which they are headquartered. All amounts in the financial statements of entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollar equivalents at exchange rates as follows: (1) assets and liabilities at period-end rates, (2) income statement accounts at average exchange rates for the period, and (3) components of equity at historical rates. Translation gains or losses are recorded in equity, and transaction gains and losses are reflected in net income as a component of other income, net. Realized gains or losses on the value of derivative contracts entered into to hedge the exchange rate exposure of receivables and payables are also included in net income as a component of other income, net. The net gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions in 2013 , 2012 and 2011 was $5.6 million , $(7.2) million , and $12.4 million , respectively, and is included in other (expense) income, net.
The exchange rates of key currencies were as follows:
Closing rate as at December 31,
Annual average rate
(US$ equivalent for one)
2013
2012
2013
2012
Euro (EUR)
1.3791

1.3194
1.3281
1.2856
Pound Sterling (GBP)
1.6542

1.6167
1.5642
1.5850
Swiss Franc (CHF)
1.1234

1.0929
1.0791
1.0666
Australian Dollar (AUD)
0.8942

1.0379
0.9683
1.0358
Canadian Dollar (CAD)
0.9400

1.0043
0.9710
1.0007
Japanese Yen (JPY)
0.0095

0.0116
0.0103
0.0125
Chinese Yuan (CNY)
0.1652

0.1605
0.1626
0.1585
Segment Information
We determined that we operate as one operating segment in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 280, Segment Reporting . Our chief operating decision maker (CODM) makes decisions based on the Company as a whole. In addition, we have a common basis of organization and types of products and services which derive revenues and consistent product margins. Accordingly, we operate and make decisions as one reporting unit.

F- 11

Revenue Recognition
Our revenues are reported net of sales and value added taxes, discounts and sales allowances, and are derived primarily from the sale of consumable and instrumentation products, and to a much lesser extent, from the sale of services, intellectual property and technology. We recognize revenue when four basic criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.
Consumable and Related Products: Revenue from consumable product sales typically accounts for approximately 83 - 87% of our net sales and is generally recognized upon transfer of title consistent with the shipping terms. We maintain a small amount, on average less than $3.0 million in total, of consignment inventory at certain customer locations. Revenues for the consumable products which are consigned in this manner are recognized upon consumption. We generally allow returns of consumable products if the product is returned in a timely manner and in good condition. Allowances for returns are provided for based upon the historical pattern of returns and Management’s evaluation of specific factors that impact the risk of returns.
Revenues from related products include license fees, software-as-a-service (SaaS), intellectual property and patent sales, royalties and milestone payments and typically account for approximately 1 - 3% of our net sales. License fees from research collaborations include payments for technology transfer and access rights. Non-refundable, up-front payments received in connection with collaborative research and development agreements are generally deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period during which there is any continuing obligation. Revenue from SaaS arrangements is recognized ratably over the duration of the agreement unless the terms of the agreement indicate that revenue should be recognized in a different pattern, for example based on usage. Revenue from intellectual property and patent sales is recognized when earned, either at the time of sale, or over the contract period when licensed. Payments for milestones, generally based on the achievement of substantive and at-risk performance criteria, are recognized in full at such time as the specified milestone has been achieved according to the terms of the agreement. Royalties from licensees are based on reported sales of licensed products and revenues are calculated based on contract terms when reported sales are reliably measurable, fees are fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.
Instrumentation: Revenue from instrumentation includes the instrumentation equipment, installation, training and other instrumentation services, such as extended warranty services or product maintenance contracts and typically account for approximately 10 - 15% of net sales. Revenue from instrumentation equipment is recognized when title passes to the customer, upon either shipment or written customer acceptance after satisfying any installation and training requirements.
We offer our customers access to our instrumentation via reagent rental agreements which place instrumentation with customers without requiring them to purchase the equipment. Instead, we recover the cost of providing the instrumentation in the amount charged for Sample and Assay Technology consumable products. The instruments placed with customers under a reagent rental agreement are depreciated and charged to cost of sales on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the instrument, typically 3 to 5 years. The costs to maintain these instruments in the field are charged to cost of sales as incurred. Revenue from these reagent rental agreements is allocated to the elements within the arrangement (the lease, the sale of consumables and/or services) in accordance with ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Element Arrangements and recognized for each unit of accounting as appropriate.
We have contracts with multiple elements which include instrumentation equipment, either leased under a reagent rental agreement or sold directly, together with other elements such as installation, training, extended warranty services or product maintenance contracts or consumable products. These contracts are accounted for under ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Element Arrangements. Multiple-element arrangements are assessed to determine whether there is more than one unit of accounting. In order for a deliverable to qualify as a separate unit of accounting, all of the following criteria must be met:
•
The delivered items have value to the client on a stand-alone basis;
•
The arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered items, and
•
Delivery or performance of the undelivered items is considered probable and substantially in the control of the Company.
Arrangement consideration is allocated at the inception of the arrangement to all deliverables on the basis of their relative selling price. Effective as of January 1, 2011, when applying the relative selling price method, the selling price for each deliverable is determined using (a) vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price, if it exists; or otherwise (b) third-party evidence of selling price. If neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence of selling price exists for a deliverable, then the best estimated selling price for the deliverable is used. Prior to January 1, 2011, only the vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price was used. The arrangement consideration is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on each unit’s relative fair value. Revenue is then recognized using a proportional-performance method, such as recognizing revenue based on relative fair value of products or services delivered, or on a straight-line basis as appropriate. If

F- 12

these criteria are not met, deliverables included in an arrangement are accounted for as a single unit of accounting and revenue and costs are deferred until the period in which the final deliverable is provided.
Deliverables in our multiple-element arrangements include instrumentation equipment installation, training, extended warranty services or product maintenance contracts or consumable products. We have evaluated the deliverables in our multiple-element arrangements and concluded that they are separate units of accounting because the delivered item or items have value to the customer on a standalone basis and for an arrangement that includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. Revenues from installation and training are recognized as services are completed, based on vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE), which is determined by reference to the price customers pay when the services are sold separately. Revenues from extended warranty services or product maintenance contracts are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract, typically one year. VSOE of fair value of extended warranty services or product maintenance is determined based on the price charged for the maintenance and support when sold separately. Revenues from the instrumentation equipment and consumable products are recognized when the products are delivered and there are no further performance obligations. VSOE of fair value of instrumentation equipment and consumable products is determined based on the price charged for the instrument and consumables when sold separately. Certain of our reagent rental arrangements include termination provisions for breach of contract. However, these termination provisions would not impact recognized revenues. Our arrangements do not include any provisions for cancellation or refunds.
Warranty
We provide warranties on our products against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year. A provision for estimated future warranty costs is recorded in cost of sales at the time product revenue is recognized. Product warranty obligations are included in accrued and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The changes in the carrying amount of warranty obligations are as follows:
(in thousands)
Total
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2011
$
3,910

Provision charged to cost of sales
4,631

Usage
(4,099
)
Adjustments to previously provided warranties, net
(213
)
Currency translation
134

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2012
$
4,363

Provision charged to cost of sales
5,238

Usage
(4,590
)
Adjustments to previously provided warranties, net
(103
)
Currency translation
28

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2013
$
4,936

Research and Development
Research and product development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses, facility costs and amounts paid to contract research organizations, and laboratories for the provision of services and materials as well as costs for internal use or clinical trials.
Government Grants
We recognize government grants when there is reasonable assurance that all conditions will be complied with and the grant will be received. Our government grants generally represent subsidies for specified activities and are therefore recognized when earned as a reduction of the expenses recorded for the activity that the grants are intended to compensate. Thus, when the grant relates to research and development expense, the grant is recognized over the same period that the related costs are incurred. Otherwise, amounts received under government grants are recorded as liabilities in the balance sheet. When the grant relates to an asset, the value of the grant is deducted from the carrying amount of the asset and recognized over the same period that the related asset is depreciated.

Borrowing Costs

F- 13

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective assets (qualifying asset) when such borrowing costs are significant. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.
Shipping and Handling Income and Costs
Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are recorded as revenue in the period that the related product sale revenue is recorded. Associated costs of shipping and handling are included in sales and marketing expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , shipping and handling costs totaled $23.3 million , $23.4 million and $24.0 million , respectively.
Advertising Costs
The costs of advertising are expensed as incurred and are included as a component of sales and marketing expense. Advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 were $7.6 million , $6.6 million and $6.3 million , respectively.
General and Administrative, Restructuring, Integration and Other
General and administrative expenses primarily represent the costs required to support administrative infrastructure. In addition, we incur indirect acquisition and business integration costs in connection with business combinations. These costs represent incremental costs that we believe would not have been incurred absent the business combinations. Major components of these costs include payroll and related costs for employees remaining with the Company on a transitional basis; public relations, advertising and media costs for re-branding of the combined organization; and, consulting and related fees incurred to integrate or restructure the acquired operations. Restructuring costs include personnel costs (principally termination benefits), facility closure and contract termination costs. Termination benefits are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 712, Compensation - Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits, and are recorded when it is probable that employees will be entitled to benefits and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of termination benefits are based on the frequency of past termination benefits, the similarity of benefits under the current plan and prior plans, and the existence of statutory required minimum benefits. Facility closure and other costs are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations and are recorded when the liability is incurred. The specific restructuring measures and associated estimated costs are based on management's best business judgment under the existing circumstances at the time the estimates are made. If future events require changes to these estimates, such adjustments will be reflected in the period of the revised estimate.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method, total income tax expense is the amount of income taxes expected to be payable for the current year plus the change from the beginning of the year for deferred income tax assets and liabilities established for the expected further tax consequences resulting from differences in the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and/or liabilities are determined by multiplying the differences between the financial reporting and tax reporting bases for assets and liabilities by the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such differences are recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Tax benefits are initially recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority using the cumulative probability method, assuming the tax authority has full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Our policy is to recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties within the income tax provision.
Derivative Instruments
We enter into derivative financial instrument contracts to minimize the variability of cash flows or income statement impact associated with the anticipated transactions being hedged or to hedge fluctuating interest rates. As changes in foreign currency or interest rate impact the value of anticipated transactions, the fair value of the forward or swap contracts also changes, offsetting foreign currency or interest rate fluctuations. Derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in fair value of derivatives are recorded in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction.
Share-Based Payments

F- 14

Compensation cost for all share-based payments is recorded based on the grant date fair value.
Stock Options: We utilize the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model for estimating the fair value of our stock options granted. Option valuation models, including Black-Scholes-Merton, require the input of highly subjective assumptions, and changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant date fair value of an award. These assumptions include the risk-free rate of interest, expected dividend yield, expected volatility, expected life of the award and forfeiture rate.
Risk-Free Interest Rate— This is the average U.S. Treasury rate (having a term that most closely resembles the expected life of the option) at the date the option was granted.
Dividend Yield— We have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.
Expected Volatility— Volatility is a measure of the amount by which a financial variable such as a share price has fluctuated (historical volatility) or is expected to fluctuate (expected volatility) during a period. We use a combination of the historical volatility of our stock price and the implied volatility of market-traded options of our stock to estimate the expected volatility assumption input to the Black-Scholes-Merton model. Our decision to use a combination of historical and implied volatility is based upon the availability of actively traded options of our stock and our assessment that such a combination is more representative of future expected stock price trends.
Expected Life of the Option— This is the period of time that the options granted are expected to remain outstanding. We estimated the expected life by considering the historical exercise behavior. We use an even exercise methodology, which assumes that all vested, outstanding options are exercised uniformly over the balance of their contractual life.
Forfeiture Rate— This is the estimated percentage of options granted that are expected to be forfeited or cancelled on an annual basis before becoming fully vested. We estimated the forfeiture rate based on historical forfeiture experience.
Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Units: Restricted stock units and performance stock units represent rights to receive Common Shares at a future date. The fair market value is determined based on the number of stock units granted and the fair market value of our shares on the grant date. The fair market value at the time of the grant, less an estimate for pre-vesting forfeitures, is recognized in expense over the vesting period.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit in banks and other cash invested temporarily in various instruments that are short-term and highly liquid, and having an original maturity of less than 90 days at the date of purchase.
(in thousands)
2013
2012
Cash at bank and on hand
$
238,056

$
226,360

Short-term bank deposits
92,247

167,677

Cash and Cash Equivalents
$
330,303

$
394,037

Short-Term Investments
Short-term investments are classified as “available for sale” and stated at fair value in the accompanying balance sheet. Interest income is accrued when earned and changes in fair market values are reflected as unrealized gains and losses, calculated on the specific identification method, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity arising from acquisition is included in interest income. A decline in fair value that is judged to be other-than-temporary is accounted for as a realized loss and the write-down is included in the consolidated statements of income. Realized gains and losses, determined on a specific identification basis, on the sale of short-term investments are included in income.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, notes receivable, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short maturities of those instruments. The carrying value of our variable rate debt and capital leases approximates their fair values because of the short maturities and/or interest rates which are comparable to those available to us on similar terms. The fair values of the Senior Notes totaling $400.0 million issued in October 2012 and further described in Note 15 were estimated using the changes in the U.S. Treasury rates. The fair values of the notes payable to QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance, further discussed in Note 15, were estimated by using available over-the-counter market information on the convertible bonds which were issued by QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance, the values of which correlate to the fair value of the loan arrangements we have with QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance which include the notes payable, the guarantee and the warrant agreement (further discussed in Note 10).

F- 15

Accounts Receivable
Our accounts receivable are unsecured and we are at risk to the extent such amounts become uncollectible. We continually monitor accounts receivable balances, and provide for an allowance for doubtful accounts at the time collection becomes questionable based on payment history or age of the receivable. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are written off against the reserve. For the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , write-offs of accounts receivable totaled $1.5 million , $0.2 million and $0.6 million while provisions for doubtful accounts which were charged to expense totaled $6.9 million , $1.0 million and $2.1 million , respectively. For all years presented, no single customer represented more than ten percent of accounts receivable or consolidated net sales.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or market and include material, capitalized labor and overhead costs. Inventories consisted of the following as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 :
As of December 31,
(in thousands)
2013
2012
Raw materials
$
24,975

$
29,755

Work in process
25,535

34,231

Finished goods
77,587

71,307

Total inventories
$
128,097

$
135,293

Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, including equipment acquired under capital lease obligations, are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Capitalized internal-use software costs include only those direct costs associated with the actual development or acquisition of computer software for internal use, including costs associated with the design, coding, installation and testing of the system. Costs associated with preliminary development, such as the evaluation and selection of alternatives, as well as training, maintenance and support are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ( one to 40 years). Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the remaining life of the lease or the estimated useful life of the improvement asset. We have a policy of capitalizing expenditures that materially increase assets’ useful lives and charging ordinary maintenance and repairs to operations as incurred. When property or equipment is disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in earnings.
Acquired Intangibles and Goodwill
Acquired intangibles with alternative future uses are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and consist of licenses to technology held by third parties and other acquired intangible assets. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful life of the underlying patents, which has historically ranged from one to twenty years. Purchased intangible assets acquired in business combinations, other than goodwill, are amortized over their estimated useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite. Intangibles are assessed for recoverability considering the contract life and the period of time over which the intangible will contribute to future cash flow. The unamortized cost of intangible assets, where cash flows are independent and identifiable from other assets, is evaluated periodically and adjusted, if necessary, if events and circumstances indicate that a decline in value below the carrying amount has occurred. For the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , we recorded intangible asset impairments of $19.7 million , $2.0 million and $40.3 million , respectively, as discussed in Note 6.
Amortization expense related to developed technology and patent and license rights which have been acquired in a business combination is included in cost of sales. Amortization of trademarks, customer base and non-compete agreements which have been acquired in a business combination is recorded in operating expense under the caption ‘acquisition-related intangible amortization. Amortization expenses of intangible assets not acquired in a business combination are recorded within either the cost of sales, research and development or sales and marketing line items based on the use of the asset.
The estimated fair values of acquired in-process research and development projects which have not reached technological feasibility at the date of acquisition are capitalized and subsequently tested for impairment through completion of the development process, at which point the capitalized amounts are amortized over their estimated useful life. If a project is abandoned rather than completed, all capitalized amounts are written-off immediately.
Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired arising from business combinations. Goodwill is subject to impairment tests annually or earlier if indicators of potential impairment

F- 16

exist, using a fair-value-based approach. We have elected to perform our annual test for indications of impairment as of October 1 st of each year. Following the annual impairment tests for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , goodwill has not been impaired.

Investments
We have investments in non-marketable securities issued by privately held companies. These investments are included in other long-term assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are accounted for using the equity or cost method of accounting.
Investments are evaluated at least quarterly, or sooner if impairment indicators are noted, to determine if declines in value are other-than-temporary. In making that determination, we consider all available evidence relating to the realizable value of a security. This evidence includes, but is not limited to, the following:
•
adverse financial conditions of a specific issuer, segment, industry, region or other variables;
•
the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; and
•
the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer.
The fair values of any of our cost or equity method investments have declined below their carrying value whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that recorded values may not be recoverable. If any such decline is considered to be other than temporary (based on various factors, including historical financial results, product development activities and the overall health of the affiliate’s industry), then a write-down of the investment would be recorded in operating expense to its estimated fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we recorded impairments of cost method investments of $3.4 million and $3.4 million , respectively, in other income (expense), net.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or a group of assets may not be recoverable. We consider, amongst other indicators, a history of operating losses or a change in expected sales levels to be indicators of potential impairment. Assets are grouped and evaluated for impairment at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. If an asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds fair value which is determined by applicable market prices, when available. When market prices are not available, we generally measure fair value by discounting projected future cash flows of the asset. Considerable judgment is necessary to estimate discounted future cash flows. Accordingly, actual results could differ from such estimates. During the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , in connection with our internal restructuring we recorded asset impairment charges of $16.2 million , $11.6 million and $1.8 million , respectively, in general and administrative, restructuring, integration and other expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income related to the abandonment of certain projects.

4. Segment Information
Considering the acquisitions made during 2013 , we determined that we still operate as one business segment in accordance with ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting . As a result of our continued restructuring and streamlining of the growing organization, our chief operating decision maker (CODM) makes decisions with regards to business operations and resource allocation based on evaluations of QIAGEN as a whole. Accordingly, we operate as one business segment. Summarized product category and geographic information is shown in the tables below.
Product Category Information
Net sales for the product categories are attributed based on those revenues related to sample and assay products and similarly related revenues, and revenues derived from instrumentation sales.
(in thousands)
2013
2012
2011
Net Sales
Consumables and related revenues
$
1,140,203

$
1,085,596

$
1,011,863

Instrumentation
161,781

168,860

157,884

Total
$
1,301,984

$
1,254,456

$
1,169,747


Geographical Information

F- 17

Net sales are attributed to countries based on the location of the subsidiary generating the sale. QIAGEN operates manufacturing facilities in Germany, China, the United Kingdom, France and the United States that supply products to other countries. The sales from these manufacturing operations to other countries are included in the Net Sales of the countries in which the manufacturing locations are based. The intersegment portions of such net sales are excluded to derive consolidated net sales. No single customer represents more than ten percent of consolidated net sales. Our official country of domicile is the Netherlands, which reported net sales of $25.2 million , $23.7 million and $23.9 million for the years ended 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively, and these amounts are included in the line item Europe as shown in the table below.
(in thousands)
2013
2012
2011
Net Sales
Americas:
United States
$
532,651

$
518,130

$
466,502

Other Americas
60,166

42,921

55,137

Total Americas
592,817

561,051

521,639

Europe
482,008

459,321

444,441

Asia Pacific & Rest of World
227,159

234,084

203,667

Total
$
1,301,984

$
1,254,456

$
1,169,747


Long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment. The Netherlands, which is included in the balances for Europe, reported long-lived assets of $1.1 million and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , respectively.
(in thousands)
2013
2012
Long-lived assets
Americas:
United States
$
129,342

$
131,689

Other Americas
3,079

2,196

Total Americas
132,421

133,885

Europe
300,563

272,227

Asia Pacific & Rest of World
12,060

12,820

Total
$
445,044

$
418,932


5. Acquisitions
Acquisitions have been accounted for as business combinations, and the acquired companies’ results have been included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income from their respective dates of acquisition. Our acquisitions have historically been made at prices above the fair value of the acquired net assets, resulting in goodwill, due to expectations of synergies of combining the businesses. These synergies include use of our existing infrastructure, such as sales force, shared service centers, distribution channels and customer relations, to expand sales of the acquired businesses’ products; use of the infrastructure of the acquired businesses to cost-effectively expand sales of our products; and elimination of duplicative facilities, functions and staffing.
2013 Acquisition
On April 29, 2013 , we acquired 100% of the outstanding common shares of Ingenuity Systems, Inc. (Ingenuity), a leading provider of software solutions that efficiently and accurately analyze and interpret the biological meaning of genomic data. The cash consideration totaled $107.0 million , of which $0.2 million was unpaid as of December 31, 2013 and $10.0 million was retained in an escrow account to cover any claims for breach of any representations, warranties or indemnities. The acquisition of Ingenuity did not have a material impact to net sales, net income or earnings per share and therefore no pro forma information has been provided herein.
The allocation of the purchase price is final except for amounts related to income and sales taxes. The preliminary allocation of the purchase price is based upon preliminary estimates using information that was available to management at the time the financial statements were prepared and these estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period, up to one year from the acquisition date. Accordingly, the allocation may change once the amounts related to income and sales

F- 18

taxes are finally determined. Acquisition-related costs are expensed when incurred and are included in general and administrative, restructuring, integration and other in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.
The preliminary purchase price allocation is as follows:
(in thousands)
Ingenuity Systems acquisition
Purchase Price:
Cash consideration
$
107,001

$
107,001

Preliminary Allocation:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
4,449

Accounts receivable
2,018

Prepaid and other current assets
1,712

Current deferred tax asset
2,518

Fixed and other long-term assets
2,648

Long-term deferred tax asset
10,269

Accounts payable
(2,662
)
Accruals and other current liabilities
(14,148
)
Liabilities assumed
(557
)
Developed technology, licenses and know-how
37,903

Tradenames
3,359

In-process research and development
2,069

Customer relationships
1,023

Goodwill
68,756

Deferred tax liability on fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired
(12,356
)
$
107,001


The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 14.1 years. The goodwill acquired is not deductible for tax purposes.

Since the acquisition date, the results of Ingenuity have been included in our consolidated results through December 31, 2013 . Net sales totaled $14.7 million and net loss attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V. was $6.3 million for 2013 . Acquisition-related costs for Ingenuity for 2013 amounted to $1.2 million .
Other Acquisitions
During 2013 , we completed the acquisition of CLC bio, a privately-held company located in Aarhus, Denmark that has created the leading commercial data analysis solutions and workbenches for next-generation sequencing, used by top academic and pharmaceutical research as well as clinical institutions. Purchase consideration totaled $68.2 million in cash, net of cash acquired, and as of December 31, 2013 , the purchase price allocation is preliminary. This acquisition was not significant to the overall consolidated financial statements. During 2011, we acquired a majority shareholding in Ipsogen S.A. (Ipsogen), a publicly listed company founded and based in Marseille, France. During 2013 , we acquired additional Ipsogen shares for a total of $0.5 million and held 89.96% of the Ipsogen shares as of December 31, 2013 .

2012 Acquisitions
On May 3, 2012 , we acquired AmniSure, a privately owned company that markets the AmniSure ® assay for determining whether a pregnant woman is suffering rupture of fetal membranes (ROM), a condition in which fluid leaks from the amniotic sac prematurely. The acquisition of AmniSure did not have a material business impact to net sales, net income or earnings per share, and therefore no pro forma financial information has been provided herein.

F- 19

As of December 31, 2012, the final purchase price allocation is as follows:
(in thousands)
AmniSure acquisition
Purchase price:
Cash consideration
$
101,415

Fair value of contingent consideration
4,530

$
105,945

Allocation:
Working capital
$
5,297

Fixed and other long-term assets
267

Developed technology, licenses and know-how
28,941

Customer relationships
25,520

Tradenames
2,692

In-process research and development
4,522

Goodwill
44,369

Deferred tax liability on fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired
(5,202
)
Long-term liabilities assumed
(461
)
$
105,945


The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 9.5 years. Of the goodwill acquired, $39.8 million is deductible for tax purposes.
Since the acquisition date, the results of AmniSure are included in the consolidated results through December 31, 2012. Net sales for AmniSure totaled $16.7 million and net income attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V. was $3.0 million as of December 31, 2012. Acquisition-related costs are expensed when incurred and are included in general and administrative, restructuring, integration and other in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Acquisition-related costs for 2012 acquisitions amounted to $4.5 million . The total fair value of the contingent consideration for AmniSure of approximately $4.5 million has been recorded as purchase price using a probability-weighted analysis of the future milestones using discount rates between 0.7% and 2.0% . Under the purchase agreement, we could be required to make additional contingent cash payments totaling $35.0 million through 2017.
During 2012 , we completed other acquisitions, including Intelligent Bio-Systems, Inc., which were not significant, either individually or in the aggregate, to the overall consolidated financial statements. The total cash paid for these acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $31.2 million of which an amount of $5.2 million was retained in an escrow account to cover any claims for breach of any representations, warranties or indemnities. Certain acquisitions included contingent consideration where we are required to assess the acquisition date fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities, which is recorded as part of the purchase consideration. This is discussed further in Note 14, "Fair Value Measurements," where we assess and adjust the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities, if necessary, until the settlement or expiration of the contingency occurs. The total fair value of the contingent consideration for these other acquisitions of approximately $12.0 million has been recorded as purchase price. Under the purchase agreements, we could be required to make contingent cash payments totaling $12.5 million through 2016. The fair value of the contingent cash payments of was determined using a discount rate of 0.7% to 1.6% and a probability regarding the accomplishment of the milestones of 95.0% to 100.0% .

We made contingent purchase price payments totaling $7.1 million in 2012 for acquisitions completed prior to 2012. The contingent purchase price payments were contractually due upon achievement of certain performance criteria of the acquired business.

2011 Acquisitions
On August 29, 2011 , we acquired all outstanding shares of Cellestis Ltd., a publicly listed Australian company, for $372.5 million in cash. Cellestis develops and provides in-vitro diagnostics and life science research products based on its proprietary QuantiFERON ® technology. The technology provides information on the activity of the cell-mediated functions of the immune system from whole blood samples. By tapping into the body’s memory system, this approach allows diseases to be detected much earlier than with other diagnostic methods, such as PCR. With QuantiFERON ® , we added a “pre-molecular” technology

F- 20

that allows us to look even deeper than with DNA-based molecular testing and thereby strive to feed and drive our DNA-based molecular franchise. QuantiFERON ® is a trademark of Cellestis, Ltd.
The final purchase price allocation for Cellestis did not differ from the preliminary estimates other than the recognition of approximately $6.2 million of additional customer relationships, $0.3 million of additional developed technology, $3.9 million decrease of long-term deferred tax liability and an additional $1.6 million of other opening balance sheet adjustments. The corresponding impact for these adjustments was a decrease to goodwill of $12.0 million . These changes to arrive at the final purchase price allocation were not material to the consolidated financial statements. The final purchase price allocation for Cellestis is as follows:
(in thousands)
Cellestis acquisition
Purchase price:
Cash consideration paid
$
372,452

$
372,452

Allocation:
Working capital
$
18,465

Fixed and other long-term assets
1,112

Developed technology, licenses and know-how
67,500

Customer relationships
48,800

Tradenames
12,000

Goodwill
258,886

Deferred tax liability on fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired
(34,079
)
Liabilities assumed
(232
)
$
372,452

The weighted-average amortization period for intangible assets is 10.0 years. The goodwill acquired is not deductible for tax purposes.
During 2011, we acquired a majority shareholding in Ipsogen S.A., a publicly listed company founded in 1999 and based in Marseille, France, which is a global leader in molecular profiling and personalized healthcare diagnostics for a broad range of applications in the field of hematology. The acquisition of Ipsogen provides QIAGEN access to a broad range of assays covering 15 biomarkers used worldwide for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of patients with various blood cancers. Many of these assays also are used as companion diagnostics in personalized healthcare to make and guide treatment decisions. Many of Ipsogen’s assays have CE-IVD Marking in Europe and have been developed for use on QIAGEN's Rotor-Gene Q real-time PCR system. This has the potential to enable the smooth and rapid transfer of these unique products onto QIAGEN's QIAsymphony RGQ, a novel integrated sample-to-result laboratory automation platform that includes the Rotor-Gene Q system.     On July 12, 2011 , we paid € 40.9 million ( $57.4 million ) for the initial 62.6% of Ipsogen outstanding common shares. On the acquisition date, the fair value of the noncontrolling interest was $42.4 million and the fair value of all Ipsogen outstanding shares and other equity instruments was approximately € 70.2 million ( $99.9 million ). The fair value of the noncontrolling interest was based on reference to quoted market values of Ipsogen stock. The assignment of the total consideration including the fair value of the noncontrolling interest as of the date of the acquisition is shown below. Since the acquisition we have paid an additional total of $29.8 million and hold 89.4% of the Ipsogen shares on a fully diluted basis as of December 31, 2012.
The final purchase price allocation for Ipsogen did not differ from the preliminary estimates other than the recognition of approximately $9.0 million of additional long-term deferred tax assets related to net operating losses, $8.1 million of additional developed technology, $2.8 million of additional long-term deferred tax liability related to the developed technology and a net change of $0.3 million to other intangible assets. The corresponding impact for these adjustments was a decrease to goodwill of $14.6 million . These changes to arrive at the final purchase price allocation were not material overall to the consolidated financial statements. The final purchase price allocation is as follows:

F- 21

(in thousands)
Ipsogen acquisition
Purchase price:
Cash consideration paid
$
57,436

Fair value of remaining shares
42,437

$
99,873


Allocation:
Working capital
$
15,284

Deferred tax asset of acquired NOLs
8,997

Fixed and other long-term assets
2,429

Developed technology, licenses and know-how
44,500

Customer relationships
11,000

Tradenames
1,400

Goodwill
37,500

Deferred tax liability on fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired
(19,325
)
Liabilities assumed
(1,912
)
$
99,873

The weighted-average amortization period for intangible assets is 10 years. The goodwill acquired is not deductible for tax purposes.

Since the acquisition dates, the results of Cellestis and Ipsogen are included in our consolidated results through December 31, 2011. Net sales for the combined companies totaled $28.6 million and net loss attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V. was $1.7 million as of December 31, 2011. Acquisition-related costs for Cellestis and Ipsogen for the year-ended December 31, 2011 amounted to $5.8 million and $5.6 million , respectively.
Pro forma results
The following unaudited pro forma information assumes that the Cellestis and Ipsogen occurred at the beginning of the periods presented. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, pro forma net sales would have been $1,213.5 million and $1,140.2 million , pro forma net income would have been $91.9 million and $139.2 million , and pro forma diluted net income per common share would have been $0.38 and $0.58 , respectively. These unaudited pro forma results are intended for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred had the acquisitions been in effect at the beginning of the periods presented, or of future results of the combined operations.
Other 2011 Acquisitions
During 2011, we completed three acquisitions which individually were not significant to the overall consolidated financial statements. The cash paid for other 2011 acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $47.9 million of which an amount of $8.5 million was retained in an escrow account to cover any claims for breach of any representations, warranties or indemnities. Certain acquisitions included contingent consideration where we are required to assess the acquisition date fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities, which is recorded as part of the purchase consideration. This is discussed further in Note 14, "Fair Value Measurements," where we continuously assess and adjust the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities, if necessary, until the settlement or expiration of the contingency occurs. The total fair value of the milestone payments of approximately $6.9 million , determined as of the acquisition date, has been recognized as purchase price. The fair value of the milestone payments of approximately $5.5 million was determined using a discount rate of 1.70% and a probability regarding the accomplishment of the milestones of 90% to 100% . The fair value of the milestone payments of approximately $1.4 million was determined using a discount rate of 3.25% with the assumption that only the first milestone will be met based on the assumptions of the business plan. Under the purchase agreements at the time of acquisition, we could be required to make additional contingent cash payments totaling $44.0 million through 2016 .


6. Restructuring


F- 22

Late in 2011, we began a project to enhance productivity by streamlining the organization and reallocating resources to strategic initiatives to help drive growth and innovation, strengthen our industry leadership position and improve longer-term profitability. This project aims to eliminate organizational layers and overlapping structures, actions that we expect will enhance our processes, speed and productivity. The last group of initiatives included actions to focus R&D activities on higher-growth areas in all customer classes, concentrate operations at fewer sites, and realign sales and regional marketing teams in the U.S. and Europe to better address customer needs in a more streamlined manner across the continuum from basic research to translational medicine and clinical diagnostics. Restructuring charges were recorded in 2013 as part of this transformational project.

The following table summarizes the cash components of the restructuring costs. At December 31, 2013 and 2012 , restructuring accruals of $10.6 million and $4.9 million , respectively, were included in accrued and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(in thousands)
Personnel Related
Facility Related
Contract and Other Costs
Total
Balance at December 31, 2011
$
19,228

$
443

$
7,238

$
26,909

Additional costs in 2012
5,456

3,055

152

8,663

Payments
(21,301
)
(1,032
)
(6,036
)
(28,369
)
Release of excess accrual
(1,084
)
—

(1,217
)
(2,301
)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
22

—

—

22

Balance at December 31, 2012
$
2,321

$
2,466

$
137

$
4,924

Additional costs in 2013
30,799

372

8,700

39,871

Payments
(22,259
)
(1,256
)
(7,866
)
(31,381
)
Release of excess accrual
(1,312
)
(1,101
)
(460
)
(2,873
)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
233

(168
)
—

65

Balance at December 31, 2013
$
9,782

$
313

$
511

$
10,606


The costs in the above table do not include consulting costs associated with third-party service providers that are assisting with executing the restructuring. We accrue for consulting costs as the services are provided.

Since 2011, we have incurred cumulative restructuring costs totaling $234.6 million which include $56.4 million for personnel related costs, $97.7 million of impairments, and $80.5 million of contract, consulting and other related costs. We do not expect to record additional significant restructuring charges in 2014 related to this program.

In 2013 , we recorded pretax charges of restructuring charges of $78.1 million in general, administrative, restructuring and other. The pretax charges consist of $27.3 million for personnel related costs, $11.8 million of fixed and intangible asset impairments, $2.1 million for contract termination costs, and $36.9 million of other costs including consulting costs. Additionally, we recorded $40.6 million in cost of sales which includes $25.2 million of fixed and intangible asset impairments, $6.5 million for contract termination costs, $5.1 million for the write off of inventory, $3.5 million for personnel costs, and $0.3 million of other costs.

In 2012 , we recorded pretax charges of restructuring charges of $41.0 million in general, administrative, restructuring which consisted of $5.5 million for personnel related costs, $13.6 million of asset impairments, $3.1 million for contract termination costs (including lease closure costs), and $18.8 million of other costs including consulting costs.

In 2011 , we recorded pretax charges of restructuring charges of $69.4 million in general, administrative, restructuring which consisted of $14.6 million for personnel related costs, $42.1 million of asset impairments, and $12.7 million of other costs including consulting costs. Additionally, we recorded $5.5 million in cost of sales for personnel costs.


7. Short-term Investments
At December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we had €30.0 million ( $41.4 million as of December 31, 2013 ) and €62.5 million ( $82.5 million as of December 31, 2012 ), respectively, of loan note receivables due from financial institutions. These loan receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market and are carried at fair market value, which is equal to the cost. At December 31, 2013 , these loans consist of €15.0 million which mature in 2014 and €15.0 million which mature in 2015. All of these instruments include put option rights on at least a quarterly basis.

F- 23

Interest income is determined using the effective interest rate method. These loans are classified as current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets since we may put the loans at our discretion.
At December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we also had €6.2 million ( $8.5 million ) and €6.1 million ( $8.0 million ), respectively in term deposits with final maturities until December 2017 . The deposits can be withdrawn at the end of each quarter without penalty and are therefore classified as current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
For the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 , proceeds from sales of short term investments totaled $63.1 million and $6.0 million , respectively. There were no realized gains or losses during 2013 or 2012 .

8. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets are summarized as follows as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 :
(in thousands)
2013
2012
Prepaid expenses
$
36,006

$
30,354

Amounts held in escrow in connection with acquisitions
2,500

7,521

Value added tax
10,605

10,221

Other receivables
17,179

7,267

$
66,290

$
55,363


9. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, including equipment acquired under capital lease obligations, are summarized as follows as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 :
(in thousands)
Estimated
useful life
(in years)
2013
2012
Land
—

$
17,172

$
15,907

Buildings and improvements
2-40

301,069

283,173

Machinery and equipment
3-10

232,097

206,871

Computer software
2-10

103,965

86,280

Furniture and office equipment
1-13

86,326

80,343

Construction in progress
—

97,093

79,402


837,722

751,976

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization

(392,678
)
(333,044
)
Property, plant and equipment, net

$
445,044

$
418,932


Amortization of assets acquired under capital lease obligations is included within accumulated depreciation and amortization above for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 depreciation and amortization expense totaled $72.5 million , $64.8 million and $57.0 million , respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 amortization expense related to computer software costs totaled the $10.8 million , $8.2 million and $7.5 million , respectively. In connection with the restructuring discussed more fully in Note 6, impairment charges of $16.2 million , $11.6 million and $1.8 million related to discontinued projects were recorded in December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively.
Repairs and maintenance expense was $14.0 million , $13.7 million and $12.9 million in 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 , construction in progress includes amounts related to ongoing software development projects and the construction of new facilities in the United States. For the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , interest capitalized in connection with construction projects was not significant.

10. Investments
We have made strategic investments in certain companies that are accounted for using the equity or cost method of accounting. The method of accounting for an investment depends on the level of influence. We monitor changes in circumstances that may

F- 24

require a reassessment of the level of influence. We periodically review the carrying value of these investments for impairment, considering factors such as the most recent stock transactions and book values from the recent financial statements. The fair value of cost and equity-method investments is estimated when there are identified events or changes in circumstances that may have an impact on the fair value of the investment. A summary of these equity method investments, which are included in other assets, is as follows:
Equity investments
as of December 31,
Share of income (loss)
for the years ended December 31,
Company (in thousands)
Ownership
Percentage
2013
2012
2013
2012
2011
PreAnalytiX GmbH
50.00
%
$
20,839

$
18,182

$
2,044

$
1,972

$
390

QBM Cell Science
19.50
%
$
400

$
406

$
(6
)
$
11

$
(10
)
QIAGEN Finance
100.00
%
$
267

$
374

$
93

$
122

$
103

QIAGEN Euro Finance
100.00
%
$
958

$
931

$
227

$
309

$
266

Pyrobett
19.00
%
$
3,250

$
3,515

$
(265
)
$
(234
)
$
(178
)
QIAGEN (Suzhou) Institute of Translation Research Co., Ltd.
30.00
%
$
531

$
—

$
(112
)
$
—

$
—

Dx Assays Pte Ltd
33.30
%
$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

Scandinavian Gene Synthesis AB
40.00
%
$
—

$
—

$
—

$
(23
)
$
23

Peak-Service
40.00
%
$
—

$
20

$
—

$
—

$
—


We have a 50% interest in a joint venture company, PreAnalytiX GmbH, for which each of the joint venture partners participates 50/50 in all decision making activities and therefore we are not the primary beneficiary. Thus, the investment is accounted for under the equity method. PreAnalytiX was formed to develop, manufacture and market integrated systems for the collection, stabilization and purification of nucleic acids for molecular diagnostic testing. At present, our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with PreAnalytiX is limited to our share of losses from the equity method investment itself.
We have a 100% interest in QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (QIAGEN Finance) and QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (Euro Finance), companies established for the purpose of issuing convertible debt in 2004 and 2006 , respectively. In August 2004 , we issued $ 150.0 million of 1.5% Senior Convertible Notes (2004 Notes) due in 2024 through QIAGEN Finance. In May 2006 , we completed the offering of $ 300.0 million of 3.25% Senior Convertible Notes (2006 Notes) due in 2026 through Euro Finance. The proceeds of the 2004 and 2006 Notes were loaned to subsidiaries within the consolidated QIAGEN N.V. group. QIAGEN N.V. has guaranteed all of these Notes, and has agreements with each of QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance to issue common shares to the investors in the event of conversion of any of the Notes. QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance are variable interest entities. We do not hold any variable interests in QIAGEN Finance or Euro Finance, and we are not the primary beneficiary, therefore neither of the entities is consolidated. Accordingly, the 2004 and 2006 convertible debt is not included in the consolidated statements of QIAGEN N.V., though QIAGEN N.V. does report the full obligation of the debt through its liabilities to QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance. QIAGEN N.V. accounts for its investments in QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance as equity investments and accordingly records 100% of the profit or loss of QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance in the gain or loss from equity method investees. At present, our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance is limited to our share of losses from the equity method investments.
At December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we had a total of cost-method investments in non-publicly traded companies with carrying amounts of $15.4 million and $15.5 million , respectively, which are included in other assets. The fair-value of these cost-method investments are not estimated unless there are identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. During 2013, we made new cost-method investments totaling $3.3 million . For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we recorded impairments of cost method investments of $3.4 million and $3.4 million , respectively, in othe r income (expense), net.
During 2011, we paid $9.7 million for a 40% share together with a $6.7 million advance payment towards the potential future acquisition of the remaining 60% of Scandinavian Gene Synthesis AB. In 2012, we acquired the remaining shares for $8.4 million .

11. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The following sets forth the intangible assets by major asset class as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 :

F- 25

2013
2012
(in thousands)
Weighted
Average
Life
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Amortized Intangible Assets:
Patent and license rights
12.2

$
326,614

$
(168,637
)
$
304,380

$
(134,688
)
Developed technology
10.4

692,727

(310,842
)
678,888

(270,575
)
Customer base, trademarks, and non-compete agreements
10.6

392,431

(150,657
)
391,388

(126,743
)
11.1

$
1,411,772

$
(630,136
)
$
1,374,656

$
(532,006
)
Unamortized Intangible Assets:


In-process research and development
$
8,769

$
11,222

Goodwill
1,855,691

1,759,898

$
1,864,460

$
1,771,120


The changes in intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
(in thousands)
Intangibles
Goodwill
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2011
$
819,487

1,733,722

Additions
14,469

—

Purchase adjustments
—

(70,034
)
Acquisitions
139,759

82,599

Amortization
(133,114
)
—

Impairment losses
(1,968
)
—

Foreign currency translation adjustments
15,239

13,611

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2012
$
853,872

$
1,759,898

Additions
17,296

—

Acquisitions
72,448

119,185

Amortization
(126,883
)
—

Impairment losses
(19,696
)
—

Foreign currency translation adjustments
(6,632
)
(23,392
)
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2013
$
790,405

$
1,855,691

Amortization expense on intangible assets totaled approximately $ $126.9 million , $ 133.1 million and $ 110.4 million , respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 .
In connection with the restructuring discussed more fully in Note 6, impairment charges of $19.7 million , $2.0 million and $40.3 million related to discontinued projects were recorded in December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively. Cash paid for purchases of intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 totaled $34.2 million and $26.1 million , respectively of which $16.9 million and $11.6 million is included in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheet.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2013 resulted from the 2013 acquisitions and foreign currency translation. During 2012 , changes in goodwill resulted primarily from 2012 acquisitions, purchase price adjustments primarily related to the 2011 acquisitions, including changes in the fair value of contingent consideration as discussed in Note 14, and foreign currency translation. Accumulated goodwill impairment totaled $1.6 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 .

The estimated fair values of acquired in-process research and development projects which have not reached technological feasibility at the date of acquisition are capitalized and subsequently tested for impairment through completion of the development process, at which point the capitalized amounts are amortized over their estimated useful life. If a project is abandoned rather than completed, all capitalized amounts are written-off immediately. During 2013 , a development project

F- 26

was completed and $4.5 million of in-process research and development costs were reclassified into developed technology and $2.1 million was added from the Ingenuity acquisition. The amortization of the remaining in-process research and development is expected to begin during 2014 as the projects are completed.
Amortization of intangibles for the next five years is expected to be approximately:
(in thousands)
Amortization
Years ended December 31:
2014
$
135,729

2015
$
135,502

2016
$
129,753

2017
$
114,718

2018
$
92,700


12. Accrued and Other Liabilities
Accrued and other liabilities at December 31, 2013 and 2012 consist of the following:
(in thousands)
2013
2012
Accrued expenses
$
88,363

$
62,567

Payroll and related accruals
53,864

49,563

Deferred revenue
50,642

27,296

Accrued royalties
19,925

17,600

Fair value of derivative instruments
14,518

12,911

Accrued earn-outs and milestone payments
6,127

9,806

Accrued interest on long-term debt
6,943

7,008

Preacquisition contingencies assumed in acquisition
135

5,493

Current portion of capital lease obligations
4,719

4,203

Total accrued and other liabilities
$
245,236

$
196,447


13. Derivatives and Hedging
Derivatives and Hedging
In the ordinary course of business, we use derivative instruments, including swaps, forwards and/or options, to manage potential losses from foreign currency exposures and variable rate debt. The principal objective of such derivative instruments is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with global financial and operating activities. We do not utilize derivative or other financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. We recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet on a gross basis, measure those instruments at fair value and recognize the change in fair value in earnings in the period of change, unless the derivative qualifies as an effective hedge that offsets certain exposures. We do not offset the fair value of derivative instruments with cash collateral held or received from the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement.
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we did not have any derivatives that were accounted for as hedging instruments. In 2013 and 2012 , we did not record any hedge ineffectiveness related to any cash-flow hedges in earnings and did not discontinue any cash-flow hedges. The cash flows derived from derivatives, including those that are not designated as hedges, are classified in the operating section of the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Foreign Currency Derivatives

F- 27

As a globally active enterprise, we are subject to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currencies in our ordinary operations. This includes foreign currency-denominated receivables, payables, debt, and other balance sheet positions including intercompany items. We manage balance sheet exposure on a group-wide basis primarily using foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange options and cross-currency swaps.
In 2012, we were party to cross-currency swaps with a notional amount of $120.0 million which were entered into in connection with the notes payable to Euro Finance (see Note 15) and which qualified as cash-flow hedges until maturity in November 2012.
Undesignated Derivative Instruments
We are party to various foreign exchange forward and swap arrangements which had, at December 31, 2013 , an aggregate notional value of approximately $842.1 million and fair values of $2.5 million and $14.5 million , included in prepaid and other assets and accrued and other liabilities, respectively, which expire at various dates through April 2014. The transactions have been entered into to offset the effects from short-term balance sheet exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. Changes in the fair value of these arrangements have been recognized in other (expense) income, net.
We were party to various foreign exchange forward and swap arrangements which had, at December 31, 2012 , an aggregate notional value of approximately $574.5 million and fair values of $0.8 million and $12.9 million , which are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, and which expired at various dates through April 2013. The transactions have been used to offset the effects from short-term balance sheet exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. Changes in the fair value of these arrangements have been recognized in other (expense) income, net.
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
The following table summarizes the fair value amounts of derivative instruments reported in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 :
Derivatives in Asset Positions
Fair value
Derivatives in Liability Positions
Fair value
(in thousands)
12/31/2013
12/31/2012
12/31/2013
12/31/2012
Undesignated derivative instruments




Foreign exchange contracts
$
2,533

$
833

$
(14,518
)
$
(12,911
)
Total derivative instruments
$
2,533

$
833

$
(14,518
)
$
(12,911
)

Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments
The following tables summarize the locations and gains on derivative instruments for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 :
Year-Ended December 31, 2013 (in thousands)
Gain/(loss)
recognized in AOCI
Location of
(gain) loss in
income statement
(Gain) loss
reclassified
from AOCI into
income
Loss recognized
in income
Undesignated derivative instruments
Foreign exchange contracts
$
—

Other expense / income, net
$
—

$
(19,409
)


F- 28

Year-Ended December 31, 2012 (in thousands)
Gain/(loss)
recognized in AOCI
Location of
(gain) loss in
income statement
(Gain) loss
reclassified
from AOCI into
income
Loss recognized
in income
Cash-flow hedges
Foreign exchange contracts
$
305

Other expense / income, net
$
781

n/a

Total
$
305

$
781

n/a

Undesignated derivative instruments
Foreign exchange contracts
n/a

Other expense / income, net
n/a

$
(13,456
)
The amounts noted in the table above for accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) do not include any adjustment for the impact of deferred income taxes. Gains and losses recognized on foreign exchange contracts are included in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income together with the corresponding, offsetting foreign exchange losses and gains on the underlying transactions.

14. Fair Value Measurements
Assets and liabilities are measured at fair value according to a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1. Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2. Inputs, other than the quoted price in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
Our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of short-term investments, which are classified in Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, derivative contracts used to hedge currency and interest rate risk, which are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, and contingent consideration accruals, which are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, and are shown in the tables below. In determining fair value for Level 2 instruments, we apply a market approach, using quoted active market prices relevant to the particular instrument under valuation, giving consideration to the credit risk of both the respective counterparty to the contract and the Company. To determine our credit risk we estimated our credit rating by benchmarking the price of outstanding debt to publicly-available comparable data from rated companies. Using the estimated rating, our credit risk was quantified by reference to publicly-traded debt with a corresponding rating. We value contingent consideration liabilities using Level 3 unobservable inputs, applying the income approach, such as the discounted cash flow technique, or the probability-weighted scenario method. Contingent consideration arrangements obligate us to pay the sellers of an acquired entity if specified future events occur or conditions are met such as the achievement of technological or revenue milestones. We use various key assumptions, such as the probability of achievement of the milestones and the discount rate, to represent the non-performing risk factors and time value when applying the income approach. We regularly review the fair value of the contingent consideration, and reflect any change in the accrual in the consolidated statements of income in the line items commensurate with the underlying nature of milestone arrangements.
The following table presents our fair value hierarchy for our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 :

F- 29

As of December 31, 2013
As of December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Assets:
Short-term investments
$
8,550

$
41,373

$
—

$
49,923

$
7,989

$
82,462

$
—

$
90,451

Foreign exchange contracts
—

2,533

—

2,533

—

833

—

833

$
8,550

$
43,906

$
—

$
52,456

$
7,989

$
83,295

$
—

$
91,284

Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts
$
—

$
14,518

$
—

$
14,518

$
—

$
12,911

$
—

$
12,911

Contingent Consideration
—

—

6,127

6,127

—

—

18,983

18,983

$
—

$
14,518

$
6,127

$
20,645

$
—

$
12,911

$
18,983

$
31,894


Activity for liabilities with Level 3 inputs is summarized in the following table:
(in thousands) (unaudited)
Fair Value Measurements Using
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3) Contingent Consideration
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2011
$
38,646

Additions from acquisitions
16,875

Payments
(6,008
)
Gain included in earnings
(11,463
)
Reversals
(19,129
)
Foreign currency translation
62

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2012
$
18,983

Additions from acquisitions
2,065

Payments
(3,834
)
Gain included in earnings
(11,127
)
Foreign currency translation
40

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2013
$
6,127

For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the gains of $11.1 million and $11.5 million were recognized in earnings as follows: $10.6 million and $6.7 million in cost of sales and $0.5 million and $4.8 million in general and administrative, restructuring, integration and other, respectively. Additionally, during 2012, a reduction in the fair value of contingent consideration of $19.1 million was recorded against goodwill shortly after the acquisition and during the measurement period.
The carrying values of financial instruments, including cash and equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities. The estimated fair value of long-term debt as disclosed in Note 15 was based on current interest rates for similar types of borrowings. The estimated fair values may not represent actual values of the financial instruments that could be realized as of the balance sheet date or that will be realized in the future. There were no fair value adjustments in the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 for nonfinancial assets or liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis other than the impairment of cost-method investments as discussed in Note 10.

15. Lines of Credit and Debt
Our credit facilities available at December 31, 2013 total €436.6 million (approximately $602.1 million ). This includes a €400.0 million syndicated multi-currency revolving credit facility expiring December 2016 of which no amounts were utilized at December 31, 2013 , and four other lines of credit amounting to €36.6 million with no expiration date, none of which were

F- 30

utilized as of December 31, 2013 . The €400.0 million facility can be utilized in euro, U.K pound or U.S. dollar and bears interest of 0.8% to 2.35% above three months EURIBOR, or LIBOR in relation to any loan not in euro, and is offered with interest periods of one, two, three, six or twelve months. The commitment fee is calculated based on 35% of the applicable margin. In 2013 and 2012 , $1.3 million and $1.1 million of commitment fees were paid, respectively. The revolving facility agreement contains certain financial and non-financial covenants, including but not limited to, restrictions on the encumbrance of assets and the maintenance of certain financial ratios. We were in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2013 . The credit facilities are for general corporate purposes.

In October 2012 , we completed a private placement through the issuance of new senior unsecured notes at a total amount of $400.0 million with a weighted average interest rate of 3.66% (settled on October 16, 2012 ). The notes were issued in three series: (1) $73.0 million 7 -year term due in 2019 ( 3.19% ); (2) $300.0 million 10 -year term due in 2022 ( 3.75% ); and (3) $27.0 million 12 -year term due in 2024 ( 3.90% ). We paid $2.1 million in debt issue costs which will be amortized through interest expense over the lifetime of the notes. Approximately €170.0 million (approximately $220 million ) of proceeds from the notes were used to repay amounts outstanding under our short-term revolving credit facility in 2012. The remainder of the proceeds provides additional resources to support our longer-term business expansion. The note purchase agreement contains certain financial and non-financial covenants, including but not limited to, restrictions on priority indebtedness and the maintenance of certain financial ratios. We were in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2013 . Based on an estimation using the changes in the U.S. Treasury rates, the fair value of these senior notes as of December 31, 2013 was approximately $373.5 million
At December 31, 2013 , total long-term debt was approximately $845.5 million , $0.2 million of which is current. We believe that funds from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and availability of financing facilities as needed, will be sufficient to fund our debt repayments coming due in 2014.
Total long-term debt consists of the following:
(in thousands)
December 31, 2013
December 31, 2012
Notes payable to QIAGEN Euro Finance bearing interest at an effective rate of 3.7% due in May 2026
$
300,000

$
300,000

Notes payable to QIAGEN Finance bearing interest at an effective rate of 1.8% due in February 2024
145,000

145,000

3.19% Series A Senior Notes due October 16, 2019
73,000

73,000

3.75% Series B Senior Notes due October 16, 2022
300,000

300,000

3.90% Series C Senior Notes due October 16, 2024
27,000

27,000

Other notes payable bearing interest up to 6.28% and due through November 2015
483

1,992

Total long-term debt
845,483

846,992

Less current portion
207

948

Long-term portion
$
845,276

$
846,044

Future principal maturities of long-term debt as of December 31, 2013 are as follows:
Year ending December 31,
(in thousands)
2014
$
207

2015
276

2016
—

2017
—

2018
—

thereafter
845,000

$
845,483


Interest expense on long-term debt was $28.4 million , $ 17.4 million and $ 22.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively.

F- 31

In May 2006 , we completed the offering of $300 million of 3.25% Senior Convertible Notes due in 2026 ( 2006 Notes) through an unconsolidated subsidiary, QIAGEN Euro Finance. The net proceeds of the 2006 Notes were loaned by Euro Finance to consolidated subsidiaries and at December 31, 2013 and 2012 , $300 million is included in long-term debt for the loan amounts payable to Euro Finance. These long-term notes payable to Euro Finance have an effective interest rate of 3.7% and were originally due in December 2014 . In 2012, we refinanced the $300 million note with QIAGEN Euro Finance and under the new terms the debt is due in May 2026 . Interest is payable semi-annually in May and November. The 2006 Notes were issued at 100% of principal value, and are convertible into 15.0 million common shares at the option of the holders upon the occurrence of certain events, at a price of $20.00 per share, subject to adjustment. QIAGEN N.V. has an agreement with QIAGEN Euro Finance to issue shares to the investors in the event of conversion. This subscription right, along with the related receivable, is recorded at fair value in the equity of QIAGEN N.V. as paid-in capital. The 2006 Notes cannot be called for the first 7 years and are callable thereafter subject to a provisional call trigger of 130% of the conversion price. In addition, the holders of the 2006 Notes may require QIAGEN to repurchase all or a portion of the outstanding Notes for 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, on May 16, 2017 and/or May 16, 2022 . Based on an estimation using available over-the-counter market information on the convertible bond issued by QIAGEN Euro Finance, the fair value of the 2006 Notes at December 31, 2013 was $381.9 million . We have reserved 15.0 million common shares for issuance in the event of conversion.
In August 2004 , we completed the sale of $150 million of 1.5% Senior Convertible Notes due in 2024 ( 2004 Notes), through our unconsolidated subsidiary QIAGEN Finance. The net proceeds of the 2004 Notes were loaned by QIAGEN Finance to consolidated subsidiaries with an effective interest rate of 1.8% and at December 31, 2013 and 2012 , $145 million is included in long-term debt for the loan amounts payable to QIAGEN Finance. The 2004 Notes are due in February 2024. Interest is payable semi-annually in February and August. The 2004 Notes were issued at 100% of principal value, and are convertible into 11.5 million common shares at the option of the holders upon the occurrence of certain events at a price of $12.6449 per share, subject to adjustment. QIAGEN N.V. has an agreement with QIAGEN Finance to issue shares to the investors in the event of conversion. This subscription right, along with the related receivable, is recorded at fair value in the equity of QIAGEN N.V. as paid-in capital. The 2004 Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at QIAGEN’s option at 100% of the principal amount, provided that the actual trading price of our common shares exceeds 120% of the conversion price for twenty consecutive trading days. In addition, the holders of the 2004 Notes may require QIAGEN to repurchase all or a portion of the outstanding 2004 Notes for 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, on August 18, 2014 and 2019 . Based on an estimation using available over-the-counter market information on the convertible bond issued by QIAGEN Finance, the fair value of the 2004 Notes at December 31, 2013 was $267.5 million . We have reserved 11.5 million common shares for issuance in the event of conversion of the 2004 Notes.

16. Income Taxes
Income before provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 consisted of:
(in thousands)
2013
2012
2011
Pretax income in The Netherlands
$
24,135

$
27,222

$
30,232

Pretax income from foreign operations
13,203

117,931

65,980

$
37,338

$
145,153

$
96,212


The provisions for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 are as follows:
(in thousands)
2013
2012
2011
Current—The Netherlands
$
2,874

$
3,271

$
6,752

—Foreign
33,452

35,112

26,372

36,326

38,383

33,124

Deferred—The Netherlands
—

—

—

—Foreign
(68,086
)
(22,767
)
(31,861
)
(68,086
)
(22,767
)
(31,861
)
Total provision for income taxes
$
(31,760
)
$
15,616

$
1,263


The Netherlands statutory income tax rate was 25% for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 . The principal items comprising the differences between income taxes computed at the Netherlands statutory rate and the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

F- 32

2013
2012
2011
(in thousands)
Amount
Percent
Amount
Percent
Amount
Percent
Income taxes at The Netherlands statutory rate
$
9,334

25.0
%
$
36,288

25.0
%
$
24,053

25.0
%
Earnings of subsidiaries taxed at different rates
(5,732
)
(15.4
)
5,180

3.6

3,204

3.3

Tax impact from permanent items
6,219

16.7

4,854

3.4

5,989

6.2

Tax impact from tax exempt income
(38,371
)
(102.8
)
(36,969
)
(25.5
)
(23,382
)
(24.3
)
Tax contingencies, net
1,986

5.3

2,729

1.9

(1,675
)
(1.7
)
Taxes due to changes in tax rates
(1,640
)
(4.4
)
(1,086
)
(0.8
)
(3,521
)
(3.7
)
Taxes due to changes in tax laws
—

—

2,697

1.9

—

—

Research and development
(2,211
)
(5.9
)
(1,181
)
(0.8
)
(714
)
(0.7
)
Restructuring
(872
)
(2.3
)
—

—

—

—

Prior year taxes
(888
)
(2.4
)
2,805

1.9

(2,632
)
(2.7
)
Other items, net
415

1.1

299

0.2

(59
)
(0.1
)
Total provision for income taxes
$
(31,760
)
(85.1
)%
$
15,616

10.8
%
$
1,263

1.3
%

We conduct business globally and, as a result, file numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland and the U.S. federal jurisdiction, as well as in various other state and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. Tax years in the Netherlands are open since 2001 for income tax examinations by tax authorities. Our subsidiaries, with few exceptions, are no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2009 . The U.S. consolidated group is subject to federal and most state income tax examinations by tax authorities beginning the year ending December 31, 2009 through the current period.
During 2013, we were contacted by the US tax authorities (Internal Revenue Service) and notified of their intent to examine the US federal tax return for 2011. The audit will commence early in 2014.
In 2012, we established a reserve related to withholding tax on a specific intercompany transaction for $3.9 million including penalty. During 2013, we settled on this issue with the relevant tax authorities, which resulted in a release of the remaining $1.9 million reserve in the fourth quarter of 2013.
We do not currently anticipate that our existing reserves related to uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2013 will significantly increase or decrease during the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2014 ; however, various events could cause our current expectations to change in the future. The majority of these uncertain tax positions, if ever recognized in the financial statements, would be recorded in the statement of operations as part of the income tax provision.

Changes in the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are as follows:

F- 33

(in thousands)
Unrecognized
Tax
Benefits
Balance at December 31, 2011
$
6,935

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
819

Additions for tax positions of prior years
3,608

Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations
(691
)
Increase from currency translation
104

Balance at December 31, 2012
$
10,775

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
2,024

Additions for tax positions of prior years
1,244

Settlements with taxing authorities
(1,891
)
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations
(296
)
Decrease from currency translation
(271
)
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
11,585


At December 31, 2013 and 2012 , our net unrecognized tax benefits totaled approximately $11.6 million and $8.8 million , respectively, of which $11.6 million and $8.8 million in benefits, if recognized, would favorably, affect our effective tax rate in any future period. It is possible that approximately $0.8 million of the unrecognized tax benefits may be released during the next 12 months due to lapse of statute of limitations or settlements with tax authorities.
Our policy is to recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties within tax provision expense. At December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we have net interest (income) expense and penalties of $(1.7) million and $2.8 million , respectively. At December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we have accrued interest of $1.3 million and $3.0 million , respectively, which are not included in the table above.
We have recorded net deferred tax liabilities of $101.6 million and $165.0 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. The components of the net deferred tax liability at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are as follows:
2013
2012
(in thousands)
Deferred
Tax Assets
Deferred
Tax Liability
Deferred
Tax Assets
Deferred
Tax Liability
Net operating loss carry forwards
$
43,108

$
—

$
17,664

$
—

Accrued and other liabilities
21,520

—

21,412

(552
)
Inventories
5,117

(1,304
)
2,991

(1,410
)
Allowance for bad debts
2,351

(1,016
)
687

(600
)
Currency revaluation
399

(57
)
266

(746
)
Depreciation and amortization
2,132

(7,260
)
606

(10,027
)
Capital lease
1,925

—

2,149

—

Tax credits
1,774

—

611

—

Unremitted profits and earnings
—

(1,150
)
—

(1,215
)
Intangibles
4,698

(211,435
)
5,270

(220,880
)
Equity awards
11,812

—

10,082

—

Interest
25,801

—

9,471

—

Other
2,687

(2,063
)
989

(1,314
)
Valuation allowance
(621
)
—

(442
)
—

$
122,703

$
(224,285
)
$
71,756

$
(236,744
)
Net deferred tax liabilities
$
(101,582
)
$
(164,988
)


F- 34

At December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we had $201.1 million and $58.7 million in total foreign net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards. At December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we had $99.1 million and $13.5 million of U.S. federal (NOL) carryforwards. At December 31, 2013 , the entire NOLs in the U.S. are subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. In 2013 , the U.S. NOL increases significantly due to the acquisition of Ingenuity Systems, Inc., which carried over $96.0 million NOL. Approximately $66.0 million of NOL will be limited under IRC 382 and we anticipate that we will only be able to utilize about $31.0 million of the total NOL. The remaining NOL is not expected to be utilized before expiration. The NOLs in the U.S. will expire beginning December 31, 2020 through December 31, 2030 . As of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we had other foreign NOL carryforwards totaling approximately $102.0 million and $45.2 million , respectively. These NOLs were primarily generated in Germany, acquisitions and operating losses from our subsidiaries. In 2013, Germany generated approximately $60.7 million NOL due to restructuring charges and we are expecting to fully utilize the NOL in Germany in 2014. A portion of the foreign NOLs will be expiring beginning December 31, 2014. The valuation allowance amounts for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are $0.6 million and $0.4 million , respectively. In 2013, we established additional valuation allowance of $0.2 million .
As of December 31, 2013 , a provision has not been made for residual Netherlands income taxes on the undistributed earnings of the majority of our foreign subsidiaries as these earnings are considered to be either permanently reinvested or can be repatriated tax free. These earnings retained by subsidiaries and equity accounted investments amounted to $259.4 million at December 31, 2013 . We have $17.6 million of undistributed earnings that we do not consider permanently reinvested and have recorded deferred income taxes or withholding taxes at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 , of approximately $1.2 million . There are no income tax consequences regarding payment of dividends to our shareholders. To date, we have never paid dividends.

17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

The following table is a summary of the components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at December 31:
(in thousands)
2013
2012
Net unrealized gain on pension, net of tax
$
(401
)
$
(483
)
Foreign currency effects from intercompany long-term investment transactions, net of tax of $6.5 million and $4.4 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively
12,164

5,954

Foreign currency translation adjustments
(15,955
)
38,520

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
$
(4,192
)
$
43,991

18. Share Repurchase Program
In 2012, the Supervisory Board approved a program authorizing management to purchase up to a total of $100 million of our common shares (excluding transaction costs). In 2012, a total of 1.9 million QIAGEN shares were repurchased for approximately $35.7 million . In the first half of 2013 , 3.1 million QIAGEN shares were repurchased for approximately $63.3 million , under this program. We completed this share repurchase program in April 2013 having repurchased, between October 2012 and April 2013, a total of 5.1 million QIAGEN shares for an aggregate cost of $99.0 million .

In July 2013, we announced our intention to exercise the authorization granted by the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders on June 26, 2013, to purchase up to $100 million of our common shares (excluding transaction costs). Based on the closing price on July 29, 2013, this represents approximately five million shares until December 31, 2013 . In 2013 , 1.0 million QIAGEN shares were repurchased for $22.7 million under this program.

The cost of repurchased shares is included in treasury stock and reported as a reduction in total equity when a repurchase occurs. Repurchased shares will be held in treasury in order to satisfy various obligations, which include exchangeable debt instruments and employee share-based remuneration plans.

19. Earnings per Common Share

F- 35

We present basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V. by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that would occur if all “in the money” securities to issue common shares were exercised. The following schedule summarizes the information used to compute earnings per common share:
Years ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
2013
2012
2011
Net income attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V.
$
69,073

$
129,506

$
96,038

Weighted average number of common shares used to compute basic net income per common share
234,000

235,582

233,850

Dilutive effect of stock options and restrictive stock units
3,023

2,341

2,876

Dilutive effect of outstanding warrant shares
5,152

2,823

2,338

Weighted average number of common shares used to compute diluted net income per common share
242,175

240,746

239,064

Outstanding options and awards having no dilutive effect, not included in above calculation
1,616

2,906

3,995

Outstanding warrants having no dilutive effect, not included in above calculation
21,315

23,644

23,591

Basic earnings per common share attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V.
$
0.30

$
0.55

$
0.41

Diluted earnings per common share attributable to the owners of QIAGEN N.V.
$
0.29

$
0.54

$
0.40

20. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
We lease facilities and equipment under operating lease arrangements expiring in various years through 2022 . Certain rental commitments provide for escalating rental payments or have renewal options extending through various years. Certain facility and equipment leases constitute capital leases expiring in various years through 2018 . The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the assets and liabilities arising from these capital lease obligations. Rent expense under operating lease agreements was $26.4 million , $21.5 million and $20.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively.
Minimum future obligations under capital and operating leases at December 31, 2013 are as follows:
(in thousands)
Capital
Leases
Operating
Leases
2014
$
5,702

$
15,759

2015
5,495

12,289

2016
4,187

7,422

2017
1,597

3,197

2018
1,350

2,818

Thereafter
—

5,573

18,331

$
47,058

Less: Amount representing interest
(2,035
)
16,296

Less: Current portion
(4,719
)
Long-term portion
$
11,577

Licensing and Purchase Commitments

F- 36

We have licensing agreements with companies, universities and individuals, some of which require certain up-front payments. Royalty payments are required on net product sales ranging from one to 25 percent of covered products or based on quantities sold. Several of these agreements have minimum royalty requirements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include accrued royalties relating to these agreements in the amount of $19.9 million and $17.6 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. Royalty expense relating to these agreements amounted to $53.2 million , $52.5 million , and $43.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively. Royalty expense is primarily recorded in cost of sales, with a small portion recorded as research and development expense depending on the use of the technology under license. Some of these agreements also have minimum raw material purchase requirements and requirements to perform specific types of research.
At December 31, 2013 , we had commitments to purchase goods or services, and for future minimum guaranteed royalties. They are as follows:
(in thousands)
Purchase
Commitments
License & Royalty
Commitments
2014
$
80,525

$
2,600

2015
17,498

556

2016
13,924

581

2017
9,912

581

2018
8,340

581

Thereafter
9,161

1,241

$
139,360

$
6,140


Contingent Consideration Commitments
Pursuant to the purchase agreements for certain acquisitions, as discussed more fully in Note 5, we could be required to make additional contingent cash payments totaling up to $120.3 million based on the achievement of certain revenue and operating results milestones as follows: $65.7 million in 2014 , $16.5 million in 2015 , $17.8 million in 2016 , $7.0 million in 2017 , and $13.3 million , payable in any 12-month period from now until 2016 based on the accomplishment of certain revenue targets. Of the $120.3 million total contingent obligation, we have assessed the fair value at December 31, 2013 , to be $6.1 million , which is included in accrued and other liabilities.
Employment Agreements
Certain of our employment contracts contain provisions which guarantee the payments of certain amounts in the event of a change in control, as defined in the agreements, or if the executive is terminated for reasons other than cause, as defined in the agreements. At December 31, 2013 , the commitment under these agreements totaled $15.7 million .
Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we provide a warranty to customers that our products are free of defects and will conform to published specifications. Generally, the applicable product warranty period is one year from the date of delivery of the product to the customer or of site acceptance, if required. Additionally, we typically provide limited warranties with respect to our services. From time to time, we also make other warranties to customers, including warranties that our products are manufactured in accordance with applicable laws and not in violation of third-party rights. We provide for estimated warranty costs at the time of the product sale. We believe our warranty reserves as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 appropriately reflect the estimated cost of such warranty obligations.
Preacquistion Contingencies
In connection with certain acquisitions, amounts were paid into escrow accounts to cover preacquistion contingencies assumed in the acquisition. The escrow amounts expected to be claimed by QIAGEN are recorded as an asset in prepaid and other expenses and amount to $2.5 million and $7.5 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. In addition, we have recorded $0.1 million and $5.5 million for preacquistion contingencies as a liability under accrued and other liabilities as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , respectively.
Litigation

F- 37

From time to time, we may be party to legal proceedings incidental to our business. As of December 31, 2013 , certain claims, suits or legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business have been filed or were pending against QIAGEN or its subsidiaries. These matters have arisen in the ordinary course and conduct of business, as well as through acquisition. Although it is not possible to predict the outcome of such litigation, we assess the degree of probability and evaluate the reasonably possible losses that we could incur as a result of these matters. We accrue for any estimated loss when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and that the amount of the probable loss can be estimated. Based on the facts known to QIAGEN and after consultation with legal counsel, management believes that such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on QIAGEN’s financial position or results of operations.

21. Share-Based Compensation
We adopted the QIAGEN N.V. Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Plan (the Plan) in 2005. The Plan allows for the granting of stock rights and incentive stock options, as well as non-qualified options, stock grants and stock-based awards, generally with terms of up to 10 years, subject to earlier termination in certain situations. Generally, options vest over a three -year period. The vesting and exercisability of certain stock rights will be accelerated in the event of a Change of Control, as defined in the Plan. To date, all option grants have been at the market value on the grant date or at a premium above the closing market price on the grant date. We issue new Common Shares to satisfy option exercises and had approximately 16.4 million Common Shares reserved and available for issuance under this plan at December 31, 2013 .
Stock Options
During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we granted 543,903 and 592,829 stock options, respectively. The following are the weighted-average assumptions used in valuing the stock options granted to employees for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 :
2013
2012
2011
Stock price volatility
27
%
34
%
34
%
Risk-free interest rate
0.88
%
0.82
%
1.88
%
Expected life (in years)
4.93

4.89

4.97

Dividend rate
0
%
0
%
0
%
Forfeiture rate
4.1
%
5.9
%
6.1
%
A summary of the status of employee stock options as of December 31, 2013 and changes during the year then ended is presented below:
All Employee Options
Number of
Shares (in thousands)
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2013
5,333

$
14.16

Granted
544

$
20.26

Exercised
(2,398
)
$
10.59

Forfeited
(46
)
$
20.19

Expired
(39
)
$
16.93

Outstanding at December 31, 2013
3,394

$
17.54

5.56
$
21,265

Vested at December 31, 2013
2,321

$
16.99

4.19
$
15,823

Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2013
3,344

$
17.54

5.51
$
21,004


Generally, stock option grants are valued as a single award with a single average expected term and are amortized over the vesting period. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 was $4.94 , $4.80 and $6.49 , respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $25.3 million and $7.2 million , respectively. At December 31, 2013 , the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to employee stock option awards including estimated forfeitures is approximately $3.2 million and will be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.58 years.

F- 38

At December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , options were exercisable with respect to 2.3 million , 4.3 million and 5.5 million . Common Shares at a weighted average price of $16.99 , $13.18 and $12.37 per share, respectively. The options outstanding at December 31, 2013 expire in various years through 2023 .
Stock Units
Stock units represent rights to receive Common Shares at a future date and include restricted stock units which are subject to time-vesting only and performance stock units which include performance conditions in addition to time-vesting. There is no exercise price and the fair market value at the time of the grant is recognized over the requisite vesting period, generally 10 years. The fair market value is determined based on the number of restricted stock units granted and the market value of our shares on the grant date. Pre-vesting forfeitures were estimated to be approximately 4.7% . At December 31, 2013 , there was $123.4 million remaining in unrecognized compensation cost including estimated forfeitures related to these awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.97 years. The weighted average grant date fair value of stock units granted during the year ended December 31, 2013 was $21.30 . The total fair value of stock units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $22.6 million and $13.3 million , respectively.
A summary of stock units as of December 31, 2013 and changes during the year are presented below:
Stock Units
Stock
Units (in thousands)
Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2013
6,921

Granted
4,296

Vested
(1,097
)
Forfeited
(424
)
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
9,696

2.97
$
231,002

Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2013
8,561

2.82
$
202,524

Compensation Expense
Share-based compensation expense before taxes for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 totaled approximately $37.9 million , $25.4 million and $19.5 million , respectively, as shown in the table below. The excess tax benefit realized for the tax deductions of the share-based payment arrangements totaled $3.1 million , $1.5 million and $4.2 million , respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 .
Compensation Expense (in thousands)
2013
2012
2011
Cost of sales
$
3,337

$
2,328

$
1,672

Research and development
7,632

4,167

3,055

Sales and marketing
10,412

6,123

4,285

General and administrative
16,554

12,737

10,528

Share-based compensation expense
37,935

25,355

19,540

Less: income tax benefit
8,832

5,630

4,231

Net share-based compensation expense
$
29,103

$
19,725

$
15,309


During year ended December 31, 2013 , we recognized expense of $1.4 million in connection with retirement provisions for Supervisory Board members. No share-based compensation cost was capitalized in inventory in 2013 , 2012 or 2011 as the amounts were not material.

22. Employee Benefits
We maintain various benefit plans, including defined contribution and defined benefit plans. Our U.S. defined contribution plan is qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, and covers substantially all U.S. employees. Participants may contribute a portion of their compensation not exceeding a limit set annually by the Internal Revenue Service. This plan includes a provision for us to match a portion of employee contributions. Total expense under the 401(k) plans, including the plans acquired via business acquisitions, was $1.7 million , $3.1 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31,

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2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively. In 2013, the total expense was lower partially due to matching amounts which were funded from forfeited amounts. We also have a defined contribution plan which covers certain executives. We make matching contributions up to an established maximum. Matching contributions made to the plan, and expensed, totaled approximately $0.3 million in each year e nded December 31, 2013 , 2012 and 2011 .
We have four defined benefit, non-contributory retirement or termination plans that cover certain employees in Germany, France, Japan and Italy. These defined benefit plans provide benefits to covered individuals satisfying certain age and service requirements. For certain plans, we calculate the vested benefits to which employees are entitled if they separate immediately. The benefits accrued on a pro-rata basis during the employees’ employment period are based on the individuals’ salaries, adjusted for inflation. The liability under the defined benefit plans was $4.3 million at December 31, 2013 and $4.0 million at December 31, 2012 , and is included as a component of other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

23. Related Party Transactions
We have a 100% interest in QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (QIAGEN Finance) and QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (Euro Finance), which were established for the purpose of issuing convertible debt. As discussed in Note 10, QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance are variable interest entities for which we do not hold any variable interests and are not the primary beneficiary, thus they are not consolidated. Accordingly, the convertible debt is not included in the consolidated statements of QIAGEN N.V., though QIAGEN N.V. does report the full obligation of the debt through its liabilities to QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we had loans payable to QIAGEN Finance of $145.0 million and accrued interest due to QIAGEN Finance of $4.3 million and $4.4 million , respectively. We also had amounts receivable from QIAGEN Finance of $3.4 million . As of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , we have a loan payable to Euro Finance of $300.0 million , accrued interest due to Euro Finance of $2.6 million and amounts receivable from Euro Finance of $1.3 million . The amounts receivable are related to subscription rights which are recorded net in the equity of QIAGEN N.V. as paid-in capital.
During 2012 we entered into a development and license agreement with a company in which we also hold an interest. Under the terms of this agreement we paid a total of $7.7 million in 2013 and will be required to pay another $2.0 million will become due through 2015 based on the achievement of certain milestones.
In 2011, we had a consulting agreement with Dr. Metin Colpan, our former Chief Executive Officer and current Supervisory Board member, pursuant to which Dr. Colpan is paid a fee of EUR 2,750 per day for consulting services, subject to adjustment. We incurred consulting expenses of approximately $0.1 million as of December 31, 2011 for scientific consulting services under this agreement. In January 2012, the agreement under which Dr. Colpan provided scientific consulting services terminated.
From time to time, we have transactions with other companies in which we hold an interest all of which are individually and in the aggregate immaterial, as summarized in the table below.
Year ending December 31, (in thousands)
2013
2012
Net sales
$
6,193

$
7,068

Accounts receivable
$
5,680

$
2,651

Accounts payable
$
537

$
3,699

Loans receivable
$
—

$
1,674



24. Subsequent Event
Since December 31, 2013 and through February 28, 2014, we have repurchased 1.8 million shares of common shares under the share repurchase program discussed more fully in Note 18, for approximately $42.3 million , in total.



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SCHEDULE II
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(in thousands)
Balance at
Beginning of
Year
Provision
Charged to
Expense
Write-Offs
Foreign
Exchange
and Other
Balance at
End of Year
Year Ended December 31, 2011:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
$
3,227

$
2,131

$
(593
)
$
(450
)
$
4,315

Year Ended December 31, 2012:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
$
4,315

$
1,048

$
(240
)
$
98

$
5,221

Year Ended December 31, 2013:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
$
5,221

$
6,901

$
(1,527
)
$
88

$
10,683


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