QSR 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2025

RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC.

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qsr-20250930

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q


(Mark One)
☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-36786

RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Canada

98-1202754

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

(I.R.S. Employer

Incorporation or Organization)

Identification No.)

5707 Blue Lagoon Drive

Miami,

Florida

United States

33126

(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)

( 305 ) 378-3000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbols

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Shares, without par value

QSR

New York Stock Exchange

Toronto Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 24, 2025, there were 327,812,087 common shares of the Registrant outstanding. In addition, as of October 24, 2025, there were 126,983,115 Class B exchangeable limited partnership units of Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership which are exchangeable, on a one for one basis, into common shares of the Registrant.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page

PART I – Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	48
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	48

PART II – Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	50
Item 5.	Other Information	50
Item 6.	Exhibits	51
	Signatures	52

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PART I — Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions of U.S. dollars, except share data, Unaudited)


	As of
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,206	$	1,334
Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance of $ 63 and $ 57 , respectively	761		698
Inventories, net	216		142
Prepaids and other current assets	201		108
Assets held for sale - discontinued operations	631		—
Total current assets	3,015		2,282
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $ 1,210 and $ 1,087 , respectively	2,260		2,236
Operating lease assets, net	1,907		1,852
Intangible assets, net	11,130		10,922
Goodwill	6,221		5,986
Other assets, net	1,136		1,354
Total assets	$	25,669	$	24,632
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts and drafts payable	$	826	$	765
Other accrued liabilities	1,277		1,141
Gift card liability	170		236
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases	116		222
Liabilities held for sale - discontinued operations	458		—
Total current liabilities	2,847		2,364
Long-term debt, net of current portion	13,415		13,455
Finance leases, net of current portion	269		286
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,842		1,770
Other liabilities, net	977		706
Deferred income taxes, net	1,154		1,208
Total liabilities	20,504		19,789
Shareholders’ equity:
Common shares, no par value; Unlimited shares authorized at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 327,807,087 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025; 324,426,589 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024	2,502		2,357
Retained earnings	1,902		1,860
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	( 1,023 )		( 1,107 )
Total Restaurant Brands International Inc. shareholders’ equity	3,381		3,110
Noncontrolling interests	1,784		1,733
Total shareholders’ equity	5,165		4,843
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	25,669	$	24,632

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In millions of U.S. dollars, except per share data, Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenues:
Supply chain sales	$	769	$	699	$	2,112	$	2,008
Company restaurant sales	588		567		1,746		1,016
Franchise and property revenues	778		735		2,201		2,194
Advertising revenues and other services	314		290		909		892
Total revenues	2,449		2,291		6,968		6,110
Operating costs and expenses:
Supply chain cost of sales	619		559		1,704		1,616
Company restaurant expenses	498		473		1,464		848
Franchise and property expenses	147		134		421		394
Advertising expenses and other services	342		327		1,017		972
General and administrative expenses	170		176		549		534
(Income) loss from equity method investments	( 2 )		3		( 12 )		( 69 )
Other operating expenses (income), net	12		42		244		31
Total operating costs and expenses	1,786		1,714		5,387		4,326
Income from operations	663		577		1,581		1,784
Interest expense, net	129		147		391		442
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	—		1		—		33
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	534		429		1,190		1,309
Income tax expense from continuing operations	94		72		263		225
Net income from continuing operations	440		357		927		1,084
Net loss from discontinued operations (net of tax of $ 0 and $ 0 )	4		—		7		—
Net income	436		357		920		1,084
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (Note 13)	121		105		257		322
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	315	$	252	$	663	$	762
Earnings per common share (Note 2)
Basic net income per share from continuing operations	$	0.97	$	0.79	$	2.04	$	2.41
Basic net loss per share from discontinued operations	$	( 0.01 )	$	—	$	( 0.02 )	$	—
Basic net income per share	$	0.96	$	0.79	$	2.03	$	2.41

Diluted net income per share from continuing operations	$	0.96	$	0.79	$	2.03	$	2.39
Diluted net loss per share from discontinued operations	$	( 0.01 )	$	—	$	( 0.01 )	$	—
Diluted net income per share	$	0.96	$	0.79	$	2.01	$	2.39

Weighted average shares outstanding (in millions):
Basic	328		319		327		317
Diluted	457		454		456		453

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In millions of U.S. dollars, Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	436	$	357	$	920	$	1,084

Foreign currency translation adjustment	( 206 )		180		592		( 167 )
Net change in fair value of net investment hedges, net of tax of $ 3 , $ 2 , $( 6 ) and $ 8	119		( 121 )		( 373 )		39
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $ 1 , $ 30 , $ 16 and $( 6 )	( 1 )		( 80 )		( 42 )		16
Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $ 7 , $ 11 , $ 22 and $ 29	( 19 )		( 28 )		( 61 )		( 77 )
Gain (loss) recognized on other, net of tax of $ 0 , $ 0 , $ 0 and $ 0	( 1 )		( 4 )		—		( 4 )
Other comprehensive income (loss)	( 108 )		( 53 )		116		( 193 )
Comprehensive income (loss)	328		304		1,036		891
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	90		90		289		265
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$	238	$	214	$	747	$	626

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity

(In millions of U.S. dollars, except shares and per share data, Unaudited)


	Issued Common Shares			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Noncontrolling Interests		Total
	Shares	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2024	324,426,589	$	2,357	$	1,860	$	( 1,107 )	$	1,733	$	4,843
Stock option exercises	221,007	13		—		—		—		13
Share-based compensation	—	44		—		—		—		44
Issuance of shares	2,926,103	10		—		—		—		10
Dividends declared ($ 0.62 per share)	—	—		( 203 )		—		—		( 203 )
Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units	—	5		( 5 )		—		—		—
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ 0.62 per unit)	—	—		—		—		( 79 )		( 79 )
Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares	55,462	1		—		—		( 1 )		—


Net income	—	—		159		—		62		221
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		( 18 )		( 7 )		( 25 )
Balances at March 31, 2025	327,629,161	$	2,430	$	1,811	$	( 1,125 )	$	1,708	$	4,824
Stock option exercises	144,700	7		—		—		—		7
Share-based compensation	—	29		—		—		—		29
Issuance of shares	3,499	—		—		—		—		—
Dividends declared ($ 0.62 per share)	—	—		( 203 )		—		—		( 203 )
Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units	—	3		( 3 )		—		—		—
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ 0.62 per unit)	—	—		—		—		( 79 )		( 79 )



Net income	—	—		189		—		74		263
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		179		70		249
Balances at June 30, 2025	327,777,360	$	2,469	$	1,794	$	( 946 )	$	1,773	$	5,090
Stock option exercises	5,000	—		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	29		—		—		—		29
Issuance of shares	24,727	—		—		—		—		—
Dividends declared ($ 0.62 per share)	—	—		( 203 )		—		—		( 203 )
Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units	—	4		( 4 )		—		—		—
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ 0.62 per unit)	—	—		—		—		( 79 )		( 79 )



Net income	—	—		315		—		121		436
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		( 77 )		( 31 )		( 108 )
Balances at September 30, 2025	327,807,087	$	2,502	$	1,902	$	( 1,023 )	$	1,784	$	5,165

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity

(In millions of U.S. dollars, except shares and per share data, Unaudited)


	Issued Common Shares			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Noncontrolling Interests		Total
	Shares	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2023	312,454,851	$	1,973	$	1,599	$	( 706 )	$	1,864	$	4,730
Stock option exercises	721,052	39		—		—		—		39
Share-based compensation	—	42		—		—		—		42
Issuance of shares	3,204,316	17		—		—		—		17
Dividends declared ($ 0.58 per share)	—	—		( 184 )		—		—		( 184 )
Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units	—	5		( 5 )		—		—		—
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ 0.58 per unit)	—	—		—		—		( 77 )		( 77 )
Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares	2,220	—		—		—		—		—

Noncontrolling interest distributions	—	—		—		—		( 1 )		( 1 )
Net income	—	—		230		—		98		328
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		( 41 )		( 18 )		( 59 )
Balances at March 31, 2024	316,382,439	$	2,076	$	1,640	$	( 747 )	$	1,866	$	4,835
Stock option exercises	464,725	21		—		—		—		21
Share-based compensation	—	38		—		—		—		38
Issuance of shares	36,411	1		—		—		—		1
Dividends declared ($ 0.58 per share)	—	—		( 184 )		—		—		( 184 )
Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units	—	2		( 2 )		—		—		—
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ 0.58 per unit)	—	—		—		—		( 78 )		( 78 )
Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares	14,400	—		—		—		—		—


Net income	—	—		280		—		119		399
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		( 57 )		( 24 )		( 81 )
Balances at June 30, 2024	316,897,975	$	2,138	$	1,734	$	( 804 )	$	1,883	$	4,951
Stock option exercises	200,254	11		—		—		—		11
Share-based compensation	—	35		—		—		—		35
Issuance of shares	73,704	—		—		—		—		—
Dividends declared ($ 0.58 per share)	—	—		( 187 )		—		—		( 187 )
Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units	—	5		( 5 )		—		—		—
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ 0.58 per unit)	—	—		—		—		( 74 )		( 74 )
Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares	6,532,567	111		—		( 16 )		( 95 )		—

Noncontrolling interest distributions	—	—		—		—		( 1 )		( 1 )
Net income	—	—		252		—		105		357
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		( 38 )		( 15 )		( 53 )
Balances at September 30, 2024	323,704,500	$	2,300	$	1,794	$	( 858 )	$	1,803	$	5,039

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows


(In millions of U.S. dollars, Unaudited)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	920	$	1,084
Net loss from discontinued operations	7		—
Net income from continuing operations	927		1,084

Depreciation and amortization	225		187
Non-cash loss on early extinguishment of debt	—		23
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount	19		19
(Income) loss from equity method investments	( 12 )		( 69 )
(Gain) loss on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions	208		15
Net (gains) losses on derivatives	( 151 )		( 140 )
Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense	113		124
Deferred income taxes	( 19 )		( 16 )
Other non-cash adjustments, net	44		4
Changes in current assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts and notes receivable	( 66 )		57
Inventories and prepaids and other current assets	( 76 )		1
Accounts and drafts payable	58		( 45 )
Other accrued liabilities and gift card liability	( 62 )		( 171 )
Tenant inducements paid to franchisees	( 26 )		( 23 )
Changes in other long-term assets and liabilities	( 23 )		( 28 )
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations	1,159		1,022
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for additions of property and equipment	( 163 )		( 124 )
Net proceeds from disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings	26		17
Net payments for acquisition of franchised restaurants, net of cash acquired	( 152 )		( 538 )
Settlement/sale of derivatives, net	58		54
Other investing activities, net	18		( 25 )
Net cash used for investing activities from continuing operations	( 213 )		( 616 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt	—		2,450
Repayments of long-term debt and finance leases	( 198 )		( 2,164 )
Payment of financing costs	—		( 38 )
Payment of common share dividends and Partnership exchangeable unit distributions	( 826 )		( 767 )

Proceeds from stock option exercises	20		71
Proceeds from derivatives	52		85
Other financing activities, net	—		( 2 )
Net cash used for financing activities from continuing operations	( 952 )		( 365 )
Net cash used for discontinued operations	( 52 )		—
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	15		( 4 )
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents, including cash classified as assets held for sale - discontinued operations	( 43 )		37
Increase in cash classified as assets held for sale - discontinued operations	( 85 )		—
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	( 128 )		37
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,334		1,139
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	1,206	$	1,176
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Interest paid	$	514	$	569
Income taxes paid	$	369	$	262
Accruals for additions of property and equipment	$	50	$	—

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Description of Business and Organization

Restaurant Brands International Inc. (the “Company”, “RBI”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is a Canadian corporation that serves as the sole general partner of Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership (“Partnership”). We franchise and operate quick service restaurants serving premium coffee and other beverage and food products under the Tim Hortons ® brand (“Tim Hortons”), fast food hamburgers principally under the Burger King ® brand (“Burger King”), chicken under the Popeyes ® brand (“Popeyes”) and sandwiches under the Firehouse Subs ® brand (“Firehouse”). We are one of the world’s largest quick service restaurant, or QSR, companies as measured by total number of restaurants. As of September 30, 2025, we franchised or owned 6,126 Tim Hortons restaurants, 19,633 Burger King restaurants, 5,229 Popeyes restaurants and 1,435 Firehouse Subs restaurants, for a total of 32,423 restaurants, and operate in more than 120 countries and territories. As of September 30, 2025, over 90 % of current system-wide restaurants are franchised.

All references to “$” or “dollars” are to the currency of the United States unless otherwise indicated. All references to “Canadian dollars” or “C$” are to the currency of Canada unless otherwise indicated.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (the “Financial Statements”) in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. Therefore, the Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 21, 2025.

The Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of entities in which we have a controlling financial interest, the usual condition of which is ownership of a majority voting interest. Investments in other affiliates that are owned 50% or less where we have significant influence are accounted for by the equity method. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We are the sole general partner of Partnership and, as such we have the exclusive right, power and authority to manage, control, administer and operate the business and affairs and to make decisions regarding the undertaking and business of Partnership, subject to the terms of the amended and restated limited partnership agreement of Partnership (the “partnership agreement”) and applicable laws. As a result, we consolidate the results of Partnership and record a noncontrolling interest in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations with respect to the remaining economic interest in Partnership we do not hold.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the Financial Statements. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and related rules and regulations of the SEC requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts and notes receivable and accounts and drafts payable approximate fair value based on the short-term nature of these accounts.

Certain prior year amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified in order to be comparable with the current year classifications. These reclassifications did not arise as a result of any changes to accounting policies and relate entirely to presentation, with no effect on previously reported net income.

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New Accounting Pronouncements

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures – In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance that expands income tax disclosures for public entities, including requiring enhanced disclosures related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The guidance is effective for annual disclosures for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The guidance should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on our disclosures upon adoption and expect to provide additional detail and disclosures under this new guidance.

Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses – In November 2024, the FASB issued guidance that requires disclosure of disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. The guidance is effective for annual disclosures for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and subsequent interim periods with early adoption permitted, and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on our disclosures upon adoption and expect to provide additional detail and disclosures under this new guidance.

Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets - In July 2025, the FASB issued guidance that provides a practical expedient that all entities can use to simplify the estimation of expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Under this practical expedient, an entity is allowed to assume that the current conditions it has applied in determining credit loss allowances for current accounts receivable and current contract assets remain unchanged for the remaining life of those assets. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods in those years, with early adoption permitted. Entities that elect the practical expedient are required to apply the amendments prospectively. We are currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on our financial statements and disclosures.

Internal-Use Software - In September 2025, the FASB issued guidance to clarify and modernize the accounting for costs related to internal-use software and requires an entity to start capitalizing software costs when both of the following occur: (1) Management has authorized and committed to funding the software project; and (2) It is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods in those years, with early adoption permitted. Entities may apply the new guidance using a prospective, retrospective, or modified transition approach. We are currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on our financial statements and disclosures.

Note 2. Earnings (Loss) per Share

An economic interest in Partnership common equity is held by the holders of Class B exchangeable limited partnership units (the “Partnership exchangeable units”), which is reflected as a noncontrolling interest in our equity. See Note 13, Shareholders’ Equity .

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share are computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. We apply the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive weighted average common shares represented by outstanding equity awards, unless the effect of their inclusion is anti-dilutive. The diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation assumes conversion of 100 % of the Partnership exchangeable units under the “if converted” method. Accordingly, the numerator is also adjusted to include the earnings (loss) allocated to the holders of noncontrolling interests.

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The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations (in millions, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Numerator:
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders - basic	$	318	$	252	$	668	$	762
Add: Net income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	122		104		259		320
Net income from continuing operations available to common shareholders and noncontrolling interests - diluted	$	440	$	356	$	927	$	1,082

Net loss from discontinued operations	$	4	$	—	$	7	$	—

Net income attributable to common shareholders - basic	$	315	$	252	$	663	$	762
Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	121		104		257		320
Net income available to common shareholders and noncontrolling interests - diluted	$	436	$	356	$	920	$	1,082

Denominator:
Weighted average common shares - basic	328		319		327		317
Exchange of noncontrolling interests for common shares (Note 13)	127		131		127		133
Effect of other dilutive securities	2		4		2		3
Weighted average common shares - diluted	457		454		456		453

Basic net income per share from continuing operations (a)	$	0.97	$	0.79	$	2.04	$	2.41
Basic net loss per share from discontinued operations (a)	$	( 0.01 )	$	—	$	( 0.02 )	$	—
Basic net income per share (a)	$	0.96	$	0.79	$	2.03	$	2.41

Diluted net income per share from continuing operations (a)	$	0.96	$	0.79	$	2.03	$	2.39
Diluted net loss per share from discontinued operations (a)	$	( 0.01 )	$	—	$	( 0.01 )	$	—
Diluted net income per share (a)	$	0.96	$	0.79	$	2.01	$	2.39

Anti-dilutive securities outstanding	5		5		5		5

(a) Earnings (loss) per share may not recalculate exactly as it is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

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Note 3. Revenue Recognition

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue resulting from initial and renewal franchise fees paid by franchisees, as well as upfront fees paid by master franchisees, which are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying agreement. We may recognize unamortized franchise fees and upfront fees when a contract with a franchisee or master franchisee is modified and is accounted for as a termination of the existing contract. We classify these contract liabilities as Other liabilities, net in our condensed consolidated balance sheets . The following table reflects the change in contract liabilities on a consolidated basis between December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025 (in millions):


Contract Liabilities
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	517
Recognized during period and included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year	( 44 )
Increase, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	35
Effective settlement of pre-existing contract liabilities in connection with BK China Acquisition (Note 6)	( 17 )
Impact of foreign currency translation	20
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	511

The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) on a consolidated basis as of September 30, 2025 (in millions):


Contract liabilities expected to be recognized in
Remainder of 2025	$	14
2026	53
2027	49
2028	46
2029	44
Thereafter	305
Total	$	511

Disaggregation of Total Revenues

Refer to Note 5, Segment Reporting , for definition of our segments. The following tables disaggregate revenue by segment (in millions). Totals in the following tables may not calculate exactly due to rounding.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	TH		BK		PLK		FHS		INTL		RH		ELIM (a)		Total
Supply chain sales	$	769	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	769
Company restaurant sales	12		62		44		11		—		459		—		588
Royalties	90		124		74		19		233		—		( 21 )		520
Property revenues	166		54		4		—		—		—		( 8 )		217
Franchise fees and other revenue	7		8		3		11		12		—		—		41
Advertising revenues and other services	80		138		76		18		22		—		( 21 )		314
Total revenues	$	1,125	$	387	$	201	$	60	$	268	$	459	$	( 49 )	$	2,449

(a) Represents elimination of intersegment revenues that consists of royalties, property and advertising and other services revenue recognized by BK and INTL from intersegment transactions with RH.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	TH		BK		PLK		FHS		INTL		RH		ELIM (a)		Total
Supply chain sales	$	2,111	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,112
Company restaurant sales	34		183		136		33		—		1,360		—		1,746
Royalties	253		362		222		56		633		—		( 61 )		1,465
Property revenues	470		162		11		—		1		—		( 22 )		621
Franchise fees and other revenue	22		13		12		28		39		—		—		115
Advertising revenues and other services	222		411		223		55		62		—		( 63 )		909
Total revenues	$	3,112	$	1,131	$	605	$	172	$	735	$	1,360	$	( 146 )	$	6,968


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	TH		BK		PLK		FHS		INTL		RH		ELIM (a)		Total
Supply chain sales	$	699	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	699
Company restaurant sales	12		60		44		10		—		441		—		567
Royalties	87		123		73		17		211		—		( 20 )		491
Property revenues	162		55		3		—		1		—		( 9 )		212
Franchise fees and other revenue	6		2		3		10		11		—		—		32
Advertising revenues and other services	78		122		72		16		20		—		( 18 )		290
Total revenues	$	1,044	$	362	$	195	$	53	$	243	$	441	$	( 47 )	$	2,291


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	TH		BK		PLK		FHS		INTL		RH		ELIM (a)		Total
Supply chain sales	$	2,008	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,008
Company restaurant sales	34		181		100		30		—		671		—		1,016
Royalties	250		361		224		53		599		—		( 30 )		1,457
Property revenues	469		163		10		—		2		—		( 13 )		631
Franchise fees and other revenue	26		8		10		26		36		—		—		106
Advertising revenues and other services	226		363		223		47		61		—		( 28 )		892
Total revenues	$	3,013	$	1,076	$	567	$	156	$	698	$	671	$	( 71 )	$	6,110

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Note 4. Leases

Property revenues consist primarily of lease income from operating leases and earned income on direct financing leases and sales-type leases with franchisees as follows (in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Lease income - operating leases
Minimum lease payments	$	91	$	92	$	268	$	278
Variable lease payments	125		119		349		349
Amortization of favorable and unfavorable income lease contracts, net	—		—		1		1
Subtotal - lease income from operating leases	216		211		618		628
Earned income on direct financing and sales-type leases	1		1		3		3
Total property revenues	$	217	$	212	$	621	$	631

Note 5. Segment Reporting

As stated in Note 1, Description of Business and Organization , we manage four brands: Tim Hortons, Burger King, Popeyes and Firehouse Subs .

Our management structure and information regularly reviewed by our Chief Executive Officer, who is our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), reflects five operating and reportable segments that reflect our franchisor operations consistent with how the business will be managed long-term. Additionally, following the Carrols Acquisition (see Note 7, Carrols Acquisition ) and PLK China Acquisition (see note 8, Equity Method Investments ) in the second quarter of 2024, we established a sixth operating and reportable segment, which includes results from the Burger King restaurants acquired as part of the Carrols Acquisition, the PLK China restaurants and the results from Firehouse Subs Brazil (“FHS Brazil”) beginning in 2025, to reflect the manner in which our CODM manages and assesses performance of these acquired businesses. As a result, we are reporting results under six operating and reportable segments consisting of the following:

1. Tim Hortons – operations of our Tim Hortons brand in Canada and the U.S. (“TH”);

2. Burger King – operations of our Burger King brand in the U.S. and Canada, excluding results of Burger King restaurants acquired as part of the Carrols Acquisition, included in our RH segment (defined below) (“BK”);

3. Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen – operations of our Popeyes brand in the U.S. and Canada (“PLK”);

4. Firehouse Subs – operations of our Firehouse Subs brand in the U.S. and Canada (“FHS”);

5. International – operations of each of our brands outside the U.S. and Canada, excluding results of PLK China and FHS Brazil restaurants included in our RH segment and, commencing in the first quarter of 2025, results of restaurants acquired in connection with the BK China Acquisition (see Note 6, BK China ) which are included in net loss from discontinued operations (“INTL”); and

6. Restaurant Holdings – operations of Burger King restaurants acquired as part of the Carrols Acquisition and the operations of PLK China and FHS Brazil restaurants (“RH”).

Our measure of segment income is Adjusted Operating Income. Our chief operating decision maker uses Adjusted Operating Income (i) in the budgeting process and in periodic reviews of segment performance by comparing variances in actual segment income results to budget and (ii) during the annual budgeting process to make capital allocation decisions, including allocating resources to segments.

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Adjusted Operating Income represents income from operations adjusted to exclude (i) franchise agreement and reacquired franchise right intangible asset amortization as a result of acquisition accounting, (ii) (income) loss from equity method investments, net of cash distributions received from equity method investments, (iii) other operating expenses (income), net and, (iv) income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities. For the periods referenced, income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities included (i) non-recurring fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Carrols Acquisition, the PLK China Acquisition, and the BK China Acquisition consisting primarily of professional fees, compensation-related expenses, and integration costs (“RH and BK China Transaction costs”); and (ii) non-operating costs from professional advisory and consulting services associated with certain transformational corporate restructuring initiatives that rationalize our structure and optimize cash movements as well as services related to significant tax reform legislation and regulations (“Corporate restructuring and advisory fees”).

The following tables present total segment revenues, significant segment expenses that are regularly reviewed by the CODM to manage and assess segment performance and segment income, as well as depreciation and amortization, (income) loss from equity method investments, and capital expenditures by segment (in millions). For the periods referenced, segment franchise and property expenses (“Segment F&P expenses”) for each segment exclude franchise agreement and reacquired franchise rights amortization and Segment G&A for each segment excludes RH and BK China Transaction costs, and Corporate restructuring and advisory fees. For segment reporting purposes, capital expenditures include payments for additions of property and equipment during the period, as well as the change in accruals for additions of property and equipment since the prior period. Totals in the following tables may not calculate exactly due to rounding.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	TH		BK		PLK		FHS		INTL		RH		ELIM		Total
Revenues from external customers	$	1,125	$	338	$	201	$	60	$	268	$	459	$	—	$	2,449
Intersegment revenues (a)	—		49		—		—		—		—		( 49 )		—
Total revenues	$	1,125	$	387	$	201	$	60	$	268	$	459	$	( 49 )	$	2,449

Operating costs and expenses:
Supply chain cost of sales	619		—		—		—		—		—		—		619
Company restaurant expenses (b)	11		59		39		9		—		403		( 24 )		498
Segment F&P expenses	86		35		3		5		7		—		( 4 )		131
Advertising expenses and other services	77		141		79		19		25		23		( 21 )		342
Segment G&A	33		30		17		12		47		23		—		162
Adjustments:
Cash distributions received from equity method investments	4		—		—		—		—		—		—		4
Adjusted Operating Income	304		123		63		14		189		10		—		702

Additional segment information:
Depreciation and amortization	27		13		4		1		8		24		—		76
(Income) loss from equity method investments	( 4 )		—		—		—		2		—		—		( 2 )
Capital expenditures	15		7		4		2		3		58		—		89

(a) Consists of BK and INTL royalties, property revenues, advertising contribution revenues and tech fees from intersegment transactions with RH.

(b) The components of Company restaurant expenses for our RH segment are included below.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	TH		BK		PLK		FHS		INTL		RH		ELIM		Total
Revenues from external customers	$	3,112	$	985	$	605	$	172	$	735	$	1,360	$	—	$	6,968
Intersegment revenues (a)	—		146		—		—		—		—		( 146 )		—
Total revenues	$	3,112	$	1,131	$	605	$	172	$	735	$	1,360	$	( 146 )	$	6,968

Operating costs and expenses:
Supply chain cost of sales	1,704		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,704
Company restaurant expenses (b)	30		170		118		28		—		1,188		( 71 )		1,464
Segment F&P expenses	246		98		10		8		21		—		( 12 )		372
Advertising expenses and other services	236		419		230		57		70		68		( 63 )		1,017
Segment G&A	104		97		57		39		145		70		—		512
Adjustments:
Cash distributions received from equity method investments	11		—		—		—		—		—		—		11
Adjusted Operating Income	803		347		188		41		499		33		—		1,910

Additional segment information:
Depreciation and amortization	82		39		11		4		22		67		—		225
(Income) loss from equity method investments	( 11 )		( 1 )		—		—		( 1 )		—		—		( 12 )
Capital expenditures	28		18		8		4		9		95		—		162


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	TH		BK		PLK		FHS		INTL		RH		ELIM		Total
Total revenues	$	1,044	$	315	$	195	$	53	$	243	$	441	$	—	$	2,291
Intersegment revenues (a)	—		47		—		—		—		—		( 47 )		—
Total revenues	$	1,044	$	362	$	195	$	53	$	243	$	441	$	( 47 )	$	2,291

Operating costs and expenses:
Supply chain cost of sales	559		—		—		—		—		—		—		559
Company restaurant expenses (b)	9		56		38		9		—		384		( 24 )		473
Segment F&P expenses	82		29		2		4		5		—		( 4 )		116
Advertising expenses and other services	78		133		74		16		25		19		( 18 )		327
Segment G&A	36		32		19		11		48		23		—		169
Adjustments:
Cash distributions received from equity method investments	4		—		—		—		—		—		—		4
Adjusted Operating Income	284		112		62		12		166		16		—		652

Additional segment information:
Depreciation and amortization	28		13		3		1		7		26		—		78
(Income) loss from equity method investments	( 4 )		—		—		—		7		—		—		3
Capital expenditures	6		16		5		2		3		23		—		55

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	TH		BK		PLK		FHS		INTL		RH		ELIM		Total
Total revenues	$	3,013	$	1,005	$	567	$	156	$	698	$	671	$	—	$	6,110
Intersegment revenues (a)			71										( 71 )		—
Total revenues	$	3,013	$	1,076	$	567	$	156	$	698	$	671	$	( 71 )	$	6,110

Operating costs and expenses:
Supply chain cost of sales	1,616		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,616
Company restaurant expenses (b)	28		166		86		27		—		578		( 37 )		848
Segment F&P expenses	253		86		8		6		10		—		( 6 )		356
Advertising expenses and other services	235		389		228		48		70		29		( 28 )		972
Segment G&A	116		104		62		39		150		35		—		506
Adjustments:
Cash distributions received from equity method investments	11		—		—		—		—		—		—		12
Adjusted Operating Income	777		332		182		35		468		30		—		1,824

Additional segment information:
Depreciation and amortization	83		36		9		3		20		35		—		187
(Income) loss from equity method investments	( 12 )		( 78 )		—		—		21		—		—		( 69 )
Capital expenditures	24		46		12		4		8		30		—		124

The following table presents the components of Company restaurant expenses for our RH segment (in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Company restaurant expenses for RH segment
Food, beverage and packaging costs	$	136	$	123	$	391	$	187
Restaurant wages and related expenses	148		141		445		213
Restaurant occupancy expense and other	119		120		353		178
Company restaurant expenses (RH segment)	$	403	$	384	$	1,188	$	578

The following tables present revenues by country (in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenues by country (c):
United States	$	1,148	$	1,092	$	3,386	$	2,655
Canada	1,028		955		2,835		2,756
Other	273		244		747		699
Total revenues	$	2,449	$	2,291	$	6,968	$	6,110

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Our CODM manages assets on a consolidated basis. Accordingly, segment assets are not reported to our CODM or used in his decisions to allocate resources or assess performance of the segments. Therefore, total segment assets and long-lived assets have not been disclosed.

Adjusted Operating Income is used by management to measure operating performance of the business, excluding these non-cash and other specifically identified items that management believes are not relevant to management’s assessment of our operating performance. A reconciliation of segment income to net income from continuing operations consists of the following (in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Segment income:
TH	$	304	$	284	$	803	$	777
BK	123		112		347		332
PLK	63		62		188		182
FHS	14		12		41		35
INTL	189		166		499		468
RH	10		16		33		30
Adjusted Operating Income	702		652		1,910		1,824
Franchise agreement and reacquired franchise rights amortization	16		19		49		38
RH and BK China Transaction costs	7		4		29		17
Corporate restructuring and advisory fees	1		3		7		11
Impact of equity method investments (a)	2		7		( 1 )		( 57 )
Other operating expenses (income), net	12		42		244		31
Income from operations	663		577		1,581		1,784
Interest expense, net	129		147		391		442
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	—		1		—		33
Income tax expense from continuing operations	94		72		263		225
Net income from continuing operations	$	440	$	357	$	927	$	1,084

(a) Represents (i) (income) loss from equity method investments and (ii) cash distributions received from our equity method investments. Cash distributions received from our equity method investments are included in Adjusted Operating Income, which is our measure of segment income.

Note 6. BK China

Prior to February 14, 2025, we owned an equity interest in Pangaea Foods (China) Holdings Ltd. (“BK China”), which we accounted for primarily as an equity method investment. On February 14, 2025, we acquired substantially all of the remaining equity interests of BK China for approximately $ 151 million in an all-cash transaction funded by cash on hand (the “BK China Acquisition”). We plan to hold our controlling interest in BK China temporarily and have been in discussions with several potential partners to acquire the controlling interest from us and inject primary capital into the business, which we expect to occur within twelve months of the BK China Acquisition. We determined the criteria for classification as held for sale were met on the acquisition date and presented the financial position and results of operations of BK China as discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated financial statements beginning on the date of acquisition on a one month lag with no material impact to consolidated results. Refer to the “Discontinued Operations” section within this footnote below for further details.

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The BK China Acquisition was accounted for as a step acquisition, which required remeasurement of our existing ownership interest in BK China to fair value. We utilized an income approach to determine the fair value of our existing equity interest. This resulted in an increase in the value of our existing equity interest and the recognition of a gain of $ 2 million (the “BK China Step Acquisition Gain”), which is included in (Income) loss from equity method investments in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Purchase price consideration in connection with the BK China Acquisition totaled $ 149 million, consisting of the cash purchase price of $ 151 million plus the fair value of our existing interest of $ 11 million less the effective settlement of pre-existing balances with BK China related to franchise agreements prior to the date of acquisition of $ 13 million.

Our preliminary allocation of the purchase price to net assets acquired includes property, plant and equipment of $ 116 million, operating lease right of use assets of $ 160 million, goodwill of $ 308 million, outstanding current debt assumed of $ 178 million, operating lease liabilities of $ 157 million, and other net liabilities of $ 100 million. Goodwill is considered to represent the value associated with the workforce and benefits anticipated to be realized by our INTL segment for future restaurant growth. The preliminary fair value estimates are based on management’s analysis, including preliminary work performed by third-party valuation specialists. During the measurement period, we will continue to obtain information to assist in determining the fair value of the net assets acquired. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we assigned $ 108 million of goodwill to a reporting unit in the INTL segment. Goodwill arising from the BK China Acquisition that was not assigned to a reporting unit in the INTL segment is part of the disposal group and classified as Assets held for sale – discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Supplemental pro forma net income from continuing operations, assuming the BK China Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2024, would not differ materially from the results reported during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Discontinued Operations

Upon determining that a disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, we measure it at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Fair value less costs to sell is assessed each period the disposal group remains classified as held-for-sale, with any subsequent changes recognized as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale. No adjustments to the carrying value of BK China have been recognized as a result of this assessment.

Upon classification as held for sale, we cease depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets included in a disposal group, including operating lease right-of-use assets. Additionally, BK China ceased recognition of royalty expense and our INTL segment ceased recognition of revenue from BK China following the BK China Acquisition and presentation as discontinued operations.

The assets and liabilities of BK China are classified as Assets held for sale – discontinued operations and Liabilities held for sale – discontinued operations, respectively, in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we provided $ 137 million of funding to BK China. Cash and cash equivalents for BK China was $ 91 million as of September 30, 2025, reflected in assets held for sale – discontinued operations.

Net cash provided by (used for) discontinued operations consists of the following (in millions):


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Cash flows from discontinued operations:
Net cash used for operating activities from discontinued operations	$	( 74 )
Net cash used for investing activities from discontinued operations	( 4 )
Net cash provided by financing activities from discontinued operations	26
Net cash used for discontinued operations	$	( 52 )

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Note 7. Carrols Acquisition

Prior to May 16, 2024, we owned a 15 % equity interest in Carrols Restaurant Group, Inc. (“Carrols”), which was accounted for as an equity method investment. On May 16, 2024, we acquired the remaining 85 % of Carrols issued and outstanding shares that were not already held by us or our affiliates for $ 9.55 per share in an all cash transaction (the “Carrols Acquisition”) in order to accelerate the reimaging of restaurants before refranchising the majority of the acquired portfolio to new or existing smaller franchise operators. The Carrols Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination by applying the acquisition method of accounting and Carrols became a consolidated subsidiary.

The acquisition of the 85 % equity interest of Carrols was accounted for as a step acquisition, which required remeasurement of our existing 15 % ownership interest in Carrols to fair value. We utilized the $ 9.55 per share acquisition price to determine the fair value of the existing equity interest. This resulted in an increase in the value of our existing 15 % equity interest and the recognition of a gain of $ 79 million (the “Carrols Step Acquisition Gain”), which was recognized in (Income) loss from equity method investments in our condensed consolidated statements of operations during the second quarter of 2024.

Total cash paid in connection with the Carrols Acquisition was $ 543 million. Additionally, in connection with the Carrols Acquisition, we assumed approximately $ 431 million of outstanding debt, all of which was fully extinguished as of June 30, 2024. The cash purchase price and extinguishment of debt assumed in the Carrols Acquisition were funded with a combination of cash on hand and $ 750 million of incremental borrowings under our senior secured term loan facility.

The following table summarizes the purchase price consideration in connection with the Carrols Acquisition (in millions):


Total cash paid	$	543
Effective settlement of pre-existing balance sheet accounts (a)	15

Fair value of existing 15 % equity interest	90
Total consideration	$	648

(a) Effective settlement of pre-existing balances with Carrols related to franchise and lease agreements prior to the date of acquisition.

Fees and expenses related to the Carrols Acquisition and related financings totaled approximately $ 11 million during 2024, consisting of professional fees and compensation related expenses which are classified as general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations (the “Carrols Acquisition Costs”).

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we adjusted our preliminary estimate of the fair value of net assets acquired and finalized acquisition accounting for the Carrols Acquisition. The final allocation of consideration to the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is presented in the table below (in millions):


	May 16, 2024
Total current assets	$	81
Property and equipment	296
Reacquired franchise rights	363
Operating lease assets	705
Other assets	24
Accounts and drafts payable	( 13 )
Other accrued liabilities	( 150 )
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases	( 434 )
Finance leases, net of current portion	( 9 )
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	( 684 )
Other liabilities	( 10 )
Total identifiable net assets	169
Goodwill	479
Total consideration	$	648

The adjustments to the preliminary estimate of net assets acquired resulted in a $ 2 million decrease to the preliminary estimated goodwill, reflecting a $ 2 million increase in the estimated fair value of property and equipment.

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Reacquired franchise rights, which represent the fair value of reacquired franchise agreements determined using the excess earnings method, are amortized over the remaining term of the reacquired franchise agreement and have a weighted average remaining term of 12 years.

Goodwill is considered to represent the value associated with the workforce and synergies anticipated to be realized as a combined company, including synergies expected to benefit the BK segment as a result of accelerating remodels of Burger King restaurants acquired in the Carrols Acquisition. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we assigned $ 362 million and $ 117 million of goodwill to reporting units in the RH and BK segments, respectively. None of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes.

Supplemental Pro Forma Information

The following table presents unaudited supplemental pro forma consolidated revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as if the Carrols Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2023 (in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Total revenues	$	2,291	$	6,726

The unaudited supplemental pro forma consolidated revenue gives effect to actual revenues prior to the Carrols Acquisition, adjusted to exclude the elimination of intercompany transactions. Other than the impact of the Step Acquisition Gain and Carrols Acquisition Costs (as discussed above), supplemental pro forma net earnings, assuming the Carrols Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2024, would not be materially different from the results reported during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The unaudited pro forma information has been prepared for comparative purposes only, in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred if the Carrols Acquisition had been completed on the date indicated, nor is it indicative of our future operating results.

Note 8. Equity Method Investments

As discussed in Note 6, BK China, prior to February 14, 2025, we owned an equity interest in BK China, which we accounted for primarily as an equity method investment. In connection with the BK China Acquisition, we acquired substantially all of the remaining equity interest of BK China, resulting in the BK China Step Acquisition Gain. As a result of the BK China Acquisition, BK China became a consolidated subsidiary beginning on February 14, 2025.

As discussed in Note 7, Carrols Acquisition, prior to May 16, 2024, we owned a 15 % equity interest in Carrols, which was accounted for as an equity method investment. In connection with the Carrols Acquisition, we acquired the remaining 85 % equity interest in Carrols, resulting in the Carrols Step Acquisition Gain. As a result of the Carrols Acquisition, Carrols became a consolidated subsidiary beginning on May 16, 2024.

The aggregate carrying amounts of our equity method investments were $ 117 million and $ 113 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and are included as a component of Other assets, net in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Except for the following equity method investments, no quoted market prices are available for our other equity method investments. The aggregate market value of our 6.4 % equity interest in Zamp S.A. (formerly BK Brasil Operação e Assessoria a Restaurantes S.A.) based on the quoted market price on September 30, 2025 was approximately $ 17 million. The aggregate market value of our 4.1 % equity interest in TH International Limited (“Tims China”) based on the quoted market price on September 30, 2025 was approximately $ 4 million.

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We have equity interests in entities that own or franchise Tim Hortons, Burger King and Popeyes restaurants. Revenues recognized from franchisees that are owned or franchised by entities in which we have an equity interest, including Carrols through May 15, 2024 and BK China through February 14, 2025, consist of the following (in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenues from affiliates:
Royalties	$	96	$	88	$	254	$	284
Advertising revenues and other services	2		2		5		33
Property revenues	—		—		1		13
Franchise fees and other revenue	4		5		11		16
Supply chain sales	4		4		12		13
Total	$	106	$	99	$	283	$	359

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $ 48 million and $ 44 million, respectively, of accounts receivable, net from our equity method investments which were recorded in Accounts and notes receivable, net in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

With respect to our Tim Hortons business, the most significant equity method investment is our 50 % joint venture interest with The Wendy’s Company (the “TIMWEN Partnership”), which jointly holds real estate underlying Canadian combination restaurants. Distributions received from this joint venture were $ 4 million during each of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Distributions received from this joint venture were $ 11 million during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Associated with the TIMWEN Partnership, we recognized $ 6 million of rent expense during each of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and we recognized $ 16 million of rent expense during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

(Income) loss from equity method investments reflects our share of investee net income or loss as well as gains or losses from changes in our ownership interests in equity investees.

In June 2024, we acquired the Popeyes China (“PLK China”) business from Tims China (“the PLK China Acquisition”). In addition, Tims China issued us a $ 20 million three-year convertible note due June 28, 2027 and a $ 5 million three-year convertible note due August 15, 2027, which are included within Other assets, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025.

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Note 9. Intangible Assets, net and Goodwill

Intangible assets, net and goodwill consist of the following (in millions):


	As of
	September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
	Gross		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Identifiable assets subject to amortization:
Franchise agreements	$	729	$	( 404 )	$	325	$	707	$	( 369 )	$	338
Reacquired franchise rights	370		( 48 )		322		374		( 22 )		352
Favorable leases	63		( 44 )		19		74		( 53 )		21
Subtotal	1,162		( 496 )		666		1,155		( 444 )		711
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Tim Hortons brand	$	6,147	$	—	$	6,147	$	5,972	$	—	$	5,972
Burger King brand	2,146		—		2,146		2,068		—		2,068
Popeyes brand	1,355		—		1,355		1,355		—		1,355
Firehouse Subs brand	816		—		816		816		—		816
Subtotal	10,464		—		10,464		10,211		—		10,211
Intangible assets, net					$	11,130					$	10,922

Goodwill:
TH segment	$	3,948					$	3,841
BK segment	358						240
PLK segment	844						844
FHS segment	194						193
INTL segment	506						377
RH segment	371						491
Total	$	6,221					$	5,986

Amortization expense on intangible assets totaled $ 17 million and $ 19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Amortization expense on intangible assets totaled $ 52 million and $ 41 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Additionally, the change in intangible asset balances reflects the impact of foreign currency translation during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

As of December 31, 2024, preliminary goodwill arising from the Carrols Acquisition was reported within the RH segment. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we assigned $ 362 million and $ 117 million of goodwill from the Carrols Acquisition to reporting units in the RH and BK segments, respectively. Refer to Note 7, Carrols Acquisition , for a description of goodwill recognized in connection with the Carrols Acquisition. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we assigned $ 108 million of goodwill from the BK China Acquisition to a reporting unit in the INTL segment. Refer to Note 6, BK China , for a description of goodwill recognized in connection with the BK China Acquisition. The changes in goodwill balances for each segment also reflect the impact of foreign currency translation during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

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Note 10. Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities, net

Other accrued liabilities (current) and Other liabilities, net (noncurrent) consist of the following (in millions):


	As of
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Current:
Dividend payable	$	282	$	262
Interest payable	96		69
Accrued compensation and benefits	139		143
Taxes payable	220		228
Deferred income	94		71
Accrued advertising expenses	68		35
Restructuring and other provisions	23		16
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	200		193
Other	155		124
Other accrued liabilities	$	1,277	$	1,141
Noncurrent:
Taxes payable	$	53	$	52
Contract liabilities	511		517
Derivative liabilities	260		1
Unfavorable leases	26		30
Accrued pension	24		23
Deferred income	56		54
Other	47		29
Other liabilities, net	$	977	$	706

Note 11. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following (in millions):


	As of
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Term Loan B	$	4,691	$	4,726
Term Loan A	1,251		1,275

3.875 % First Lien Senior Notes due 2028	1,550		1,550
3.50 % First Lien Senior Notes due 2029	750		750
6.125 % First Lien Senior Notes due 2029	1,200		1,200
5.625 % First Lien Senior Notes due 2029	500		500
4.375 % Second Lien Senior Notes due 2028	750		750
4.00 % Second Lien Senior Notes due 2030	2,900		2,900
TH Facility and other	—		108
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs and deferred issuance discount	( 98 )		( 117 )
Total debt, net	13,494		13,642
Less: current maturities of debt	( 79 )		( 187 )
Total long-term debt	$	13,415	$	13,455

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Revolving Credit Facility

As of September 30, 2025, we had no amounts outstanding under our Revolving Credit Facility, had $ 2 million of letters of credit issued against the Revolving Credit Facility, and our borrowing availability under our Revolving Credit Facility was $ 1,248 million. Funds available under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used to repay other debt, finance debt or equity repurchases, fund acquisitions or capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes. We have a $ 125 million letter of credit sublimit as part of the Revolving Credit Facility, which reduces our borrowing availability thereunder by the cumulative amount of outstanding letters of credit.

TH Facility

One of our subsidiaries entered into a non-revolving delayed drawdown term credit facility in a total aggregate principal amount of C$ 225 million with a maturity date of October 4, 2025 (the “TH Facility”). Prior to June 30, 2024, the interest rate applicable to the TH Facility was the Canadian Bankers’ Acceptance rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.40 % or the Prime Rate plus an applicable margin equal to 0.40 %, at our option. Beginning July 1, 2024, the interest rate applicable to the TH Facility is the Adjusted Term CORRA rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.40 % or the Prime Rate plus an applicable margin equal to 0.40 %, at our option. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the remaining TH Facility outstanding balance was repaid in full and there is no outstanding balance as of September 30, 2025.

Restrictions and Covenants

As of September 30, 2025, we were in compliance with all applicable financial debt covenants under our senior secured term loan facilities and Revolving Credit Facility (together the “Credit Facilities”), and the indentures governing our 3.875 % First Lien Senior Notes due 2028, 3.50 % First Lien Senior Notes due 2029, 6.125 % First Lien Senior Notes due 2029, 5.625 % First Lien Senior Notes due 2029, 4.375 % Second Lien Senior Notes due 2028, and 4.00 % Second Lien Senior Notes due 2030 (together, the “Senior Notes”).

Fair Value Measurement

The following table presents the fair value of our variable rate term debt and senior notes, estimated using inputs based on bid and offer prices that are Level 2 inputs, and principal carrying amount (in millions):


	As of
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Fair value of our variable term debt and senior notes	$	13,360	$	13,090
Principal carrying amount of our variable term debt and senior notes	13,592		13,651

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net consists of the following (in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Debt (a)	$	127	$	145	$	381	$	438
Finance lease obligations	5		4		14		14
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount	6		7		19		19
Interest income	( 9 )		( 9 )		( 23 )		( 29 )
Interest expense, net	$	129	$	147	$	391	$	442

(a) Amount includes $ 26 million and $ 38 million benefit during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 79 million and $ 104 million benefit during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to our interest rate swaps. Amount includes $ 23 million and $ 12 million benefit during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 67 million and $ 35 million benefit during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to the quarterly net settlements of our cross-currency rate swaps and amortization of the Excluded Component as defined in Note 12, Derivative Instruments .

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Note 12. Derivative Instruments

Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We enter into derivative instruments for risk management purposes, including derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and derivatives designated as net investment hedges. We use derivatives to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange rates.

Interest Rate Swaps

At September 30, 2025, we had outstanding receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $ 3,500 million to hedge the variability in the interest payments on a portion of our Term Loan Facilities, including any subsequent refinancing or replacement of the Term Loan Facilities, beginning August 31, 2021 through the termination date of October 31, 2028. Additionally, at September 30, 2025, we also had outstanding receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $ 500 million to hedge the variability in the interest payments on a portion of our Term Loan Facilities effective September 30, 2019 through the termination date of September 30, 2026. At inception, all of these interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges for hedge accounting. The unrealized changes in market value are recorded in AOCI, net of tax, and reclassified into interest expense during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

In connection with the Carrols Acquisition, we assumed a receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swap utilizing SOFR as the benchmark interest rate with a total notional value of $ 120 million to hedge the variability in the interest payments on a portion of our Term Loan Facilities, including any subsequent refinancing or replacement of the Term Loan Facilities, through the termination date of February 28, 2025. This interest rate swap was designated as a cash flow hedge for hedge accounting and the unrealized changes in market value were recorded in AOCI, net of tax, and reclassified into interest expense during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affected earnings.

At September 30, 2025, the net amount of pre-tax gains that we expect to be reclassified from AOCI into interest expense within the next 12 months is $ 63 million.

Cross-Currency Rate Swaps

To protect the value of our investments in our foreign operations against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we hedge a portion of our net investment in one or more of our foreign subsidiaries by using cross-currency rate swaps. At September 30, 2025, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swap contracts between the Canadian dollar and U.S. dollar and the euro and U.S. dollar that have been designated as net investment hedges of a portion of our equity in foreign operations in those currencies. The component of the gains and losses on our net investment in these designated foreign operations driven by changes in foreign exchange rates is economically partly offset by movements in the fair value of our cross-currency swap contracts. The fair value of the swaps is calculated each period with changes in fair value reported in AOCI, net of tax. Such amounts will remain in AOCI until the complete or substantially complete liquidation of our investment in the underlying foreign operations.

At September 30, 2025, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swaps from which we receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar notional value of $ 5,700 million to partially hedge the net investment in our Canadian subsidiaries. In November 2024, we restructured $ 5,000 million of cross-currency rate swaps, of which $ 1,950 million have a maturity of September 30, 2028, $ 1,400 million have a maturity of October 31, 2029 and $ 1,650 million have a maturity of October 31, 2030. The restructure resulted in a re-designation of the hedge and the swaps continue to be accounted for as a net investment hedge. Additionally, in November 2024 we entered into cross-currency rate swaps in which we receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar notional value of $ 700 million through the maturity date of October 31, 2027. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated and continue to be hedges and are accounted for as net investment hedges.

At September 30, 2025, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swap contracts between the euro and U.S. dollar from which we receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar aggregate amount of $ 2,750 million, of which $ 1,400 million were entered during 2023 and have a maturity date of October 31, 2026, $ 1,200 million were entered during 2023 and have a maturity date of November 30, 2028, and $ 150 million were entered during 2021 and have a maturity date of October 31, 2028. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated and continue to be hedges and are accounted for as net investment hedges.

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In connection with the cross-currency rate swaps hedging Canadian dollar and euro net investments, we utilize the spot method to exclude the interest component (the “Excluded Component”) from the accounting hedge without affecting net investment hedge accounting and amortize the Excluded Component over the life of the derivative instrument. The amortization of the Excluded Component is recognized in Interest expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The change in fair value that is not related to the Excluded Component is recorded in AOCI and will be reclassified to earnings when the foreign subsidiaries are sold or substantially liquidated.

Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts

We use foreign exchange derivative instruments to manage the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on U.S. dollar purchases and payments, such as coffee purchases made by our Canadian Tim Hortons’ operations. At September 30, 2025, we had outstanding forward currency contracts to manage this risk in which we sell Canadian dollars and buy U.S. dollars with a notional value of $ 211 million with maturities to November 16, 2026. We have designated these instruments as cash flow hedges, and as such, the unrealized changes in market value of effective hedges are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

Credit Risk

By entering into derivative contracts, we are exposed to counterparty credit risk. Counterparty credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is in an asset position, the counterparty has a liability to us, which creates credit risk for us. We attempt to minimize this risk by selecting counterparties with investment grade credit ratings and regularly monitoring our market position with each counterparty.

Credit-Risk Related Contingent Features

Our derivative instruments do not contain any credit-risk related contingent features.

Quantitative Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the required quantitative disclosures for our derivative instruments, including their estimated fair values (all estimated using Level 2 inputs) and their location on our condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions):


	Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (1)
Interest rate swaps	$	4	$	( 108 )	$	( 54 )	$	19
Forward-currency contracts	$	( 6 )	$	( 2 )	$	( 4 )	$	3
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Cross-currency rate swaps	$	116	$	( 123 )	$	( 367 )	$	31

(1) We did not exclude any components from the cash flow hedge relationships presented in this table.

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	Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings	Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings
		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025		2024		2025		2024
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net	$	26	$	38	$	79	$	104
Forward-currency contracts	Supply chain cost of sales	$	—	$	1	$	4	$	2

	Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings	Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025		2024		2025		2024
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Cross-currency rate swaps	Interest expense, net	$	23	$	12	$	67	$	35


	Fair Value as of
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		Balance Sheet Location
Assets:
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Interest rate	$	67	$	194	Other assets, net
Interest rate	11		1		Prepaids and other current assets
Foreign currency	2		8		Prepaids and other current assets
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Foreign currency	—		83		Other assets, net

Total assets at fair value	$	80	$	286

Liabilities:
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges

Foreign currency	$	2	$	—	Other accrued liabilities
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Foreign currency	260		1		Other liabilities, net
Total liabilities at fair value	$	262	$	1

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Note 13. Shareholders’ Equity

Noncontrolling Interests

The holders of Partnership exchangeable units held an economic interest of approximately 27.9 % and 28.1 % in Partnership common equity through the ownership of 126,983,115 and 127,038,577 Partnership exchangeable units as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Pursuant to exchange notices received, Partnership exchanged 55,462 Partnership exchangeable units during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. In accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement, Partnership satisfied the exchange notices by exchanging these Partnership exchangeable units for the same number of newly issued RBI common shares and each such Partnership exchangeable unit was cancelled concurrently with the exchange. Partnership exchangeable units exchanged for RBI common shares subsequent to December 31, 2023 also result in the issuance of additional Partnership Class A common units to RBI in an amount equal to the number of RBI common shares exchanged. The exchanges represented increases in our ownership interest in Partnership and were accounted for as equity transactions, with no gain or loss recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Share Repurchases

On August 6, 2025, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program that allows us to purchase up to $ 1,000 million of our common shares from September 15, 2025 until September 30, 2027. This share repurchase authorization replaced our prior two-year authorization to repurchase up to $ 1,000 million of our common shares until September 30, 2025, which had an authorization of $ 500 million remaining at the time of the its replacement. As of September 30, 2025, we had $ 1,000 million remaining under the new share repurchase authorization.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table displays the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) (in millions):


	Derivatives		Pensions		Foreign Currency Translation		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	719	$	( 14 )	$	( 1,812 )	$	( 1,107 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		592		592
Net change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax	( 415 )		—		—		( 415 )
Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax	( 61 )		—		—		( 61 )

Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	133		—		( 165 )		( 32 )
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	376	$	( 14 )	$	( 1,385 )	$	( 1,023 )

Note 14. Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate was 17.6 % and 22.1 % for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The effective tax rate during these periods includes the impact of the Administrative Guidance recently issued by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”), partially offset by the mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions and internal financing arrangements.

Our effective tax rate was 16.7 % and 17.2 % for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate during these periods was primarily the result of the mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions, internal financing arrangements, the impact of the Carrols Acquisition, and equity-based compensation.

On July 4, 2025, the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” (“OBBBA”) was enacted into law. The OBBBA provides for modifications to U.S. tax law including changes to interest deductibility, R&D expensing, bonus depreciation, and various international provisions. The OBBBA did not have a material impact on our financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and we do not expect a material impact going forward.

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Note 15. Other Operating Expenses (Income), net

Other operating expenses (income), net consists of the following (in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings	$	7	$	( 4 )	$	22	$	6
Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net	2		1		6		2
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange	1		44		208		15
Other, net	2		1		8		8
Other operating expenses (income), net	$	12	$	42	$	244	$	31

Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings represent sales of properties and other costs related to restaurant closures and refranchisings. Gains and losses recognized in the current period may reflect certain costs related to closures and refranchisings that occurred in previous periods.

Litigation settlements and reserves, net primarily reflect accruals and payments made and proceeds received in connection with litigation and arbitration matters and other business disputes.

Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange consist of remeasurement of foreign denominated assets and liabilities, primarily related to intercompany financing. A substantial portion of this net foreign currency gain or loss relates to measurement of U.S. dollar intercompany balances in foreign subsidiaries. This gain or loss primarily results from fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Euro and U.S. dollar.

Note 16. Supplier Finance Programs

Our TH business includes individually negotiated contracts with suppliers, which include payment terms that range up to 120 days. A global financial institution offers a voluntary supply chain finance (“SCF”) program to certain TH vendors, which provides suppliers that elect to participate with the ability to elect early payment, which is discounted based on the payment terms and a rate based on RBI's credit rating, which may be beneficial to the vendor. Participation in the SCF program is at the sole discretion of the suppliers and financial institution and we are not a party to the arrangements between the suppliers and the financial institution. Our obligations to suppliers are not affected by the suppliers’ decisions to participate in the SCF program and our payment terms remain the same based on the original supplier invoicing terms and conditions. No guarantees are provided by us or any of our subsidiaries in connection with the SCF Program.

Our confirmed outstanding obligations under the SCF program at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 totaled $ 61 million and $ 22 million, respectively, and are classified as Accounts and drafts payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. All activity related to the obligations is classified as Supply chain cost of sales in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and presented within cash flows from operating activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

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Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business relating to matters including, but not limited to, disputes with franchisees, suppliers, employees and customers, as well as disputes over our intellectual property.

On October 5, 2018, a class action complaint was filed against Burger King Worldwide, Inc. (“BKW”) and Burger King Company, successor in interest, (“BKC”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Jarvis Arrington, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On October 18, 2018, a second class action complaint was filed against RBI, BKW and BKC in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Monique Michel, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On October 31, 2018, a third class action complaint was filed against BKC and BKW in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Geneva Blanchard and Tiffany Miller, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On November 2, 2018, a fourth class action complaint was filed against RBI, BKW and BKC in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Sandra Munster, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. These complaints have been consolidated and allege that the defendants violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act by incorporating an employee no-solicitation and no-hiring clause in the standard form franchise agreement all Burger King franchisees are required to sign. Each plaintiff seeks injunctive relief and damages for himself or herself and other members of the class. On March 24, 2020, the Court granted BKC’s motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim and on April 20, 2020 the plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to amend their complaint. The court denied the plaintiffs motion for leave to amend their complaint in August 2020 and the plaintiffs appealed this ruling. In August 2022, the federal appellate court reversed the lower court's decision to dismiss the case and remanded the case to the lower court for further proceedings. In March 2025, at the request of the court, BKC filed a supplemental brief in support of its motion to dismiss and the plaintiffs filed a supplemental brief in support of its motion opposing BKC's motion to dismiss. On April 9, 2025, the court denied BKC's motion to dismiss. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on April 30, 2025, and BKC filed its answer on May 21, 2025. While we intend to vigorously defend these claims, we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of this case or estimate the range of possible loss, if any.

On October 7, 2024, purported former shareholders of Carrols filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against RBI and two individuals that were on the board of Carrols. The complaint alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty by RBI, as a purported controlling shareholder of Carrols, and unjust enrichment by RBI in connection with the acquisition of Carrols, as well as claims for breaches of fiduciary duty by the two individual directors. The complaint generally alleges that RBI coerced Carrols into the transaction, and that the two directors failed to disclose that their interests differed from the interests of other Carrols shareholders, and that the two directors were not independent from RBI. The complaint seeks equitable relief, damages and fees and expenses. We filed a motion to dismiss in December 2024 and the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint in February 2025. In March 2025, we filed an amended motion to dismiss and plaintiffs filed their opposition on May 2, 2025. On July 22, 2025, the court denied RBI's motion to dismiss. In October 2025, RBI filed its answer and affirmative defense to the plaintiff’s amended complaint. We intend to vigorously defend the plaintiff’s claims, however, we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of this case or estimate the range of possible loss, if any.

Note 18. Subsequent Events

Dividends

On October 7, 2025, we paid a cash dividend of $ 0.62 per common share to common shareholders of record on September 23, 2025. On such date, Partnership also made a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $ 0.62 per exchangeable unit to holders of record on September 23, 2025.

Subsequent to September 30, 2025, our board of directors declared a cash dividend of $ 0.62 per common share, which will be paid on January 6, 2026 to common shareholders of record on December 23, 2025. Partnership will also make a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $ 0.62 per Partnership exchangeable unit, and the record date and payment date for distributions on Partnership exchangeable units are the same as the record date and payment date set forth above.

*****

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto (“Financial Statements”) in Item 1 and the Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements later in this Item 2. All Note references herein refer to the Notes to the Financial Statements. Tabular amounts are displayed in millions of U.S. dollars except per share and unit count amounts, or as otherwise specifically identified. All references to “Canadian dollars” or “C$” are to the currency of Canada unless otherwise indicated. Percentages may not recompute due to rounding.

Overview

We are one of the world’s largest quick service restaurant (“QSR”) companies with over $45 billion in annual system-wide sales and over 32,000 restaurants, over 90% of which are franchised, in more than 120 countries and territories as of September 30, 2025. We own and franchise four iconic brands, Tim Hortons ®, Burger King® , Popeyes®, and Firehouse Subs®. Our brands have complementary daypart mixes and product platforms that benefit from global scale and sharing of best practices to optimize costs while preserving their independence and rich heritage.

We have six operating and reportable segments, including four franchisor segments for our Tim Hortons, Burger King, Popeyes and Firehouse Subs brands in the U.S. and Canada (“TH”, “BK”, “PLK”, and “FHS”, respectively) and a fifth franchisor segment for all of our brands in the rest of the world (“INTL”). Additionally, we completed the acquisitions of Carrols Restaurant Group Inc. (“Carrols”) (“the Carrols Acquisition”) and Popeyes China (“PLK China”) (“the PLK China Acquisition”) on May 16, 2024 and June 28, 2024, respectively. Following these acquisitions, we established a new operating and reportable segment, Restaurant Holdings (“RH”), which includes results from the Carrols Burger King restaurants and the PLK China restaurants from their acquisition dates and includes results from Firehouse Subs Brazil (“FHS Brazil”) beginning in 2025.

RBI plans to maintain the franchisor dynamics in its TH, BK, PLK, FHS, and INTL segments ("five franchisor segments") to report results consistent with how the business will be managed long-term. This approach reflects RBI's intent to refranchise the vast majority of the Carrols Burger King restaurants and to find a new partner for PLK China and new investors for FHS Brazil in the future. RH results include Company restaurant sales and expenses, including expenses associated with royalties, rent, and advertising. These expenses are recognized, as applicable, as revenues in the respective franchisor segments (BK for the Carrols Burger King restaurants and INTL for PLK China and FHS Brazil) and eliminated upon consolidation. Additionally, Adjusted Operating Income represents our measure of segment income for each of our reportable segments and is used by management to measure operating performance. See Note 5, “Segment Reporting” of the Financial Statements for additional information about our operating and reportable segments and our measure of segment income.

On February 14, 2025, we acquired substantially all the remaining equity interests in Pangaea Foods (China) Holdings Ltd. (“BK China”) (“the BK China Acquisition”) from our former joint venture partners. BK China met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and reported as discontinued operations. We are working to identify a new controlling shareholder which aligns with our long-term strategy of partnering with experienced local operators while maintaining a primarily franchised business.

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Key Operating Metrics

Key performance indicators (“KPIs”) are shown for RBI's five franchisor segments. The KPIs for the Carrols Burger King restaurants are included in the BK segment and the KPIs for the PLK China, BK China and FHS Brazil restaurants are included in the INTL segment.

We evaluate our restaurants and assess our business based on the following operating metrics:

• System-wide sales growth refers to the percentage change in sales at all franchised restaurants and Company restaurants (referred to as system-wide sales) in one period from the same period in the prior year on a constant currency basis, which means the results exclude the effect of foreign currency translation (“FX Impact”). We calculate the FX Impact by translating prior year results at current year monthly average exchange rates. System-wide sales is reported on a nominal basis.

• Comparable sales refers to the percentage change in restaurant sales in one period from the same prior year period on a constant currency basis for restaurants that have been open for an initial consecutive period, typically at least 13 months. Additionally, if a restaurant is closed for a significant portion of a month, the restaurant is excluded from the monthly comparable sales calculation.

• Unless otherwise stated, system-wide sales growth, system-wide sales and comparable sales are presented on a system-wide basis, which means they include franchised restaurants and Company restaurants. System-wide results are driven by our franchised restaurants, as over 90% of system-wide restaurants are franchised. Franchise sales represent sales at all franchised restaurants and are revenues to our franchisees. We do not record franchise sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues and advertising fund contributions are calculated based on a percentage of franchise sales.

• Net restaurant growth refers to the net change in restaurant count (openings, net of permanent closures) over a trailing twelve-month period, divided by the restaurant count at the beginning of the trailing twelve-month period. In determining whether a restaurant meets our definition of a restaurant that will be included in our net restaurant growth, we consider factors such as scope of operations, format and image, separate franchise agreement, and minimum sales thresholds. We refer to restaurants that do not meet our definition as “alternative formats” and we believe these are helpful to build brand awareness, test new concepts and provide convenience in certain markets.

These metrics are important indicators of the overall direction of our business, including trends in sales and the effectiveness of marketing, operations and growth initiatives.

The following tables present our consolidated key operating metrics for each of the periods indicated, which have been derived from our internal records. We evaluate our restaurants and assess our business based on these operating metrics. These metrics may differ from those used by other companies in our industry who may define these metrics differently.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Consolidated Key Operating Metrics	2025			2024			2025			2024
System-wide Sales Growth (a)	6.9		%	3.2		%	5.1		%	5.3		%
System-wide Sales (in US$ millions) (a)	$	12,282		$	11,433		$	34,631		$	33,197
Comparable Sales	4.0		%	0.3		%	2.2		%	2.2		%
Net Restaurant Growth	2.8		%	3.8		%	2.8		%	3.8		%
System Restaurant Count at Period End	32,423			31,525			32,423			31,525

(a) System-wide sales growth is calculated on a constant currency basis and therefore will not recalculate to the percentage change in system-wide sales, which is reported on a nominal basis.

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Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

Tabular amounts in millions of U.S. dollars unless noted otherwise. Totals, variances and percentage changes may not calculate exactly due to rounding.


Consolidated	Three Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)						2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Revenues:
Supply chain sales	$	769	$	699	$	70	$	(6)	$	76	$	2,112	$	2,008	$	104	$	(46)	$	150
Company restaurant sales	588		567		21		—		21		1,746		1,016		730		—		730
Franchise and property revenues	778		735		43		2		41		2,201		2,194		7		(20)		27
Advertising revenues and other services	314		290		24		—		24		909		892		17		(6)		23
Total revenues	2,449		2,291		158		(4)		162		6,968		6,110		858		(72)		930
Operating costs and expenses:
Supply chain cost of sales	619		559		(60)		5		(65)		1,704		1,616		(88)		38		(126)
Company restaurant expenses	498		473		(25)		—		(25)		1,464		848		(616)		—		(616)
Franchise and property expenses	147		134		(13)		—		(13)		421		394		(27)		6		(33)
Advertising expenses and other services	342		327		(15)		—		(15)		1,017		972		(45)		6		(51)
General and administrative expenses	170		176		6		(1)		7		549		534		(15)		—		(15)
(Income) loss from equity method investments	(2)		3		5		(1)		6		(12)		(69)		(57)		(1)		(56)
Other operating expenses (income), net	12		42		30		(3)		33		244		31		(213)		(3)		(210)
Total operating costs and expenses	1,786		1,714		(72)		—		(72)		5,387		4,326		(1,061)		46		(1,107)
Income from operations	663		577		86		(4)		90		1,581		1,784		(203)		(26)		(177)
Interest expense, net	129		147		18		1		17		391		442		51		1		50
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	—		1		1		—		1		—		33		33		—		33
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	534		429		105		(3)		108		1,190		1,309		(119)		(25)		(94)
Income tax expense from continuing operations	94		72		(22)		—		(22)		263		225		(38)		1		(39)
Net income from continuing operations	440		357		83		(3)		86		927		1,084		(157)		(24)		(133)
Net loss from discontinued operations (net of tax of $0 and $0)	4		—		(4)		—		(4)		7		—		(7)		—		(7)
Net income	$	436	$	357	$	79	$	(3)	$	82	$	920	$	1,084	$	(164)	$	(24)	$	(140)

(a) We calculate the FX Impact by translating prior year results at current year monthly average exchange rates. We analyze these results on a constant currency basis as this helps identify underlying business trends, without distortion from the effects of currency movements.

Our operating results are impacted by a number of external factors, including consumer spending levels and general economic conditions.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the increase in Total revenues was primarily driven by an increase in Supply chain sales and increases in system-wide sales in our five franchisor segments.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increase in Total revenues was primarily driven by the net impact of restaurants acquired from franchisees, mainly related to the Carrols Acquisition, and increases in Supply chain sales, partially offset by an unfavorable FX Impact.

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During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the increase in Income from operations was primarily driven by increases in segment income in each of our five franchisor segments and a decrease in net losses on foreign exchange arising from remeasurement of foreign denominated assets and liabilities, primarily related to intercompany financing.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the decrease in Income from operations was primarily driven by an increase in net losses on foreign exchange arising from remeasurement of foreign denominated assets and liabilities, primarily related to intercompany financing, the non-recurrence of a $79 million gain recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 in connection with the Carrols Acquisition, and an unfavorable FX Impact. These factors were partially offset by increases in segment income in each of our segments.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the increase in Net income from continuing operations was primarily driven by an increase in Income from operations and a decrease in Interest expense, net, partially offset by an increase in Income tax expense from continuing operations.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the decrease in Net income from continuing operations was primarily driven by a decrease in Income from operations and an increase in Income tax expense from continuing operations, partially offset by a decrease in Interest expense, net and the non-recurrence of loss on early extinguishment of debt.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)						2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Segment G&A:
TH	$	33	$	36	$	3	$	—	$	3	$	104	$	116	$	12	$	3	$	9
BK	30		32		1		—		1		97		104		7		—		7
PLK	17		19		2		—		2		57		62		5		—		5
FHS	12		11		—		—		—		39		39		1		—		1
INTL	47		48		1		(2)		3		145		150		4		(3)		8
RH	23		23		—		—		—		70		35		(36)		—		(36)
RH and BK China Transaction costs	7		4		(3)		—		(3)		29		17		(12)		—		(12)
Corporate restructuring and advisory fees	1		3		2		—		2		7		11		4		—		4
General and administrative expenses	$	170	$	176	$	6	$	(1)	$	8	$	549	$	534	$	(14)	$	—	$	(14)

In connection with the Carrols Acquisition, the PLK China Acquisition, and the BK China Acquisition, we incurred certain non-recurring fees and expenses (“RH and BK China Transaction costs”) consisting primarily of professional fees, compensation-related expenses and integration costs, all of which are classified as general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. We expect to incur additional RH and BK China Transaction costs in 2025.

In connection with certain transformational corporate restructuring initiatives that rationalize our structure and optimize cash movement within our structure, as well as services related to significant tax reform legislation and regulations, we incurred non-operating expenses primarily from professional advisory and consulting services (“Corporate restructuring and advisory fees”).

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by decreases in Segment G&A in our TH, INTL, BK and PLK segments, partially offset by an increases in RH and BK China Transaction costs.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by increases in RH Segment G&A, reflecting a full nine months of operations of Carrols in 2025, and increases in RH and BK China Transaction costs, partially offset by decreases in Segment G&A in our TH, BK, INTL and PLK segments.

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(Income) Loss from Equity Method Investments

(Income) loss from equity method investments reflects our share of investee net income or loss as well as gains or losses from changes in our ownership interests in equity investees.

The change in (income) loss from equity method investments during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 reflects the non-recurrence of a $79 million gain recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 in connection with the Carrols Acquisition that resulted from an increase in the value of our existing 15% equity interest in Carrols. In addition, the change in (income) loss from equity method investments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 also reflects the changes in earnings of our equity method investments, primarily driven by BK China which we now consolidate.

Other Operating Expenses (Income), net

Our other operating expenses (income), net consisted of the following:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings	$	7	$	(4)	$	22	$	6
Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net	2		1		6		2
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange	1		44		208		15
Other, net	2		1		8		8
Other operating expenses (income), net	$	12	$	42	$	244	$	31

Litigation settlements and reserves, net primarily reflect accruals and payments made and proceeds received in connection with litigation and arbitration matters and other business disputes.

Interest Expense, net

Our interest expense, net and the weighted average interest rate on our long-term debt were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Interest expense, net	$	129		$	147		$	391		$	442
Weighted average interest rate on long-term debt	4.4		%	4.6		%	4.4		%	4.8		%

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, interest expense, net decreased primarily due to the 2024 restructuring of the Canadian cross-currency rate swap, a decrease in the Term Loan B spread driven by a 2024 repricing, and decreases in interest rates which impacts our variable rate debt.

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Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded a $1 million and $33 million loss on early extinguishment of debt, respectively, that primarily reflects expensing of fees and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs in connection with various amendments to our credit agreement.

Income Tax Expense from Continuing Operations

Our effective tax rate was 17.6% and 16.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 22.1% and 17.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increases in our effective tax rates were primarily due to discrete, unfavorable impacts of recently issued OECD Pillar II guidance during the first quarter of 2025, a decrease in benefit from stock based compensation, the mix of income from multiple jurisdictions and internal financing arrangements.

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Segment Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024


TH Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024

System-wide Sales Growth (a)	4.8		%	2.8		%	3.0		%	5.2		%
System-wide Sales (a)	$	2,029		$	1,952		$	5,655		$	5,616
Comparable Sales	4.2		%	2.3		%	2.7		%	4.5		%
Comparable Sales - Canada	4.2		%	2.7		%	2.8		%	4.9		%
Net Restaurant Growth	0.6		%	0.0		%	0.6		%	0.0		%
System Restaurant Count at Period End	4,532			4,504			4,532			4,504

(a) System-wide sales growth is calculated on a constant currency basis and therefore will not recalculate to the percentage change in system-wide sales, which is reported on a nominal basis.


TH Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)						2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Revenues:
Supply chain sales	$	769	$	699	$	70	$	(6)	$	76	$	2,111	$	2,008	$	103	$	(46)	$	149
Company restaurant sales	12		11		1		—		1		34		34		—		—		1
Franchise and property revenues	264		255		9		(2)		11		744		745		(1)		(17)		17
Advertising revenues and other services	80		79		1		(1)		2		222		226		(4)		(5)		1
Total revenues	1,125		1,044		81		(9)		90		3,112		3,013		98		(69)		167
Supply chain cost of sales	619		559		(60)		5		(65)		1,704		1,616		(89)		38		(126)
Company restaurant expenses	11		9		(2)		—		(2)		30		28		(2)		—		(2)
Segment F&P expenses	86		82		(4)		1		(5)		246		253		6		6		1
Advertising expenses and other services	77		78		1		1		1		236		235		(1)		5		(6)
Segment G&A	33		36		3		—		3		104		116		12		3		9
Adjustments:

Cash distributions received from equity method investments	4		4		—		—		—		11		11		—		—		—
Adjusted Operating Income	304		284		19		(3)		22		803		777		25		(17)		43

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increases in Total revenues were primarily driven by higher Supply chain sales due to increases in commodity prices, system-wide sales, and CPG net sales. Results were also impacted by unfavorable FX Impacts.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increases in Adjusted Operating Income were primarily driven by increases in Total revenues and decreases in Segment G&A due primarily to lower compensation-related expenses, partially offset by higher Supply chain cost of sales due primarily to increases in Supply chain sales. Results were also impacted by unfavorable FX Impacts.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Franchise and property revenues and Segment F&P expenses also include the non-recurrence of convention revenue and expenses recognized in 2024, which had an immaterial net impact to Adjusted Operating Income.

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BK Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024

System-wide Sales Growth	2.3		%	(1.5)		%	0.6		%	0.0		%
System-wide Sales	$	2,956		$	2,891		$	8,608		$	8,569
Comparable Sales	3.1		%	(0.7)		%	1.1		%	0.9		%
Comparable Sales - US	3.2		%	(0.4)		%	1.2		%	1.1		%
Net Restaurant Growth	(1.1)		%	(1.5)		%	(1.1)		%	(1.5)		%
System Restaurant Count at Period End	7,043			7,119			7,043			7,119


BK Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)						2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Revenues:
Company restaurant sales	$	62	$	60	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	183	$	181	$	2	$	—	$	2
Franchise and property revenues (a)	187		179		7		—		7		537		533		5		(1)		5
Advertising revenues and other services (b)	138		122		16		—		16		411		363		48		—		48
Total revenues	387		362		25		—		25		1,131		1,076		55		(1)		56
Company restaurant expenses	59		56		(3)		—		(3)		170		166		(4)		—		(4)
Segment F&P expenses	35		29		(6)		—		(6)		98		86		(13)		—		(13)
Advertising expenses and other services	141		133		(8)		—		(8)		419		389		(30)		—		(30)
Segment G&A	30		32		1		—		1		97		104		7		—		7



Adjusted Operating Income	123		112		10		—		10		347		332		14		—		15

(a) Franchise and property revenues include intersegment revenues with RH consisting of royalties and rent of $28 million and $83 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $28 million and $43 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation.

(b) Advertising revenues and other services include intersegment revenues with RH consisting of advertising contributions and tech fees of $21 million and $63 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $18 million and $28 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increases in Total revenues were primarily driven by increases in Advertising revenues and other services primarily due to an increase in advertising fund contributions from franchisees reflecting an increase in the contribution rate.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increases in Adjusted Operating Income were driven by the non-recurrence of $8 million and $20 million, respectively, of advertising expenses incurred in the prior year in connection with our support behind the marketing program and decreases in Segment G&A due primarily to lower compensation-related expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, these factors were partially offset by net bad debt expenses in the current year compared to net bad debt recoveries in the prior year, which are reflected in Segment F&P expenses.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, Franchise and property revenues and Segment F&P expenses reflect the impacts of convention revenue and expenses recognized in the third quarter of 2025. In the prior year, convention revenue and expenses were recognized in the fourth quarter. Convention-related revenues and expenses have an immaterial net impact to Adjusted Operating Income.

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PLK Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024

System-wide Sales Growth	0.7		%	(0.6)		%	0.0		%	4.6		%
System-wide Sales	$	1,519		$	1,509		$	4,571		$	4,581
Comparable Sales	(2.4)		%	(4.0)		%	(2.6)		%	0.6		%
Comparable Sales - US	(2.0)		%	(3.8)		%	(2.3)		%	0.8		%
Net Restaurant Growth	2.2		%	4.1		%	2.2		%	4.1		%
System Restaurant Count at Period End	3,541			3,465			3,541			3,465


PLK Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)						2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Revenues:
Company restaurant sales	$	44	$	44	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	136	$	100	$	36	$	—	$	36
Franchise and property revenues	81		79		2		—		2		245		244		1		—		2
Advertising revenues and other services	76		72		4		—		4		223		223		—		—		—
Total revenues	201		195		6		—		6		605		567		38		—		38
Company restaurant expenses	39		38		(1)		—		(1)		118		86		(32)		—		(32)
Segment F&P expenses	3		2		(1)		—		(1)		10		8		(2)		—		(2)
Advertising expenses and other services	79		74		(4)		—		(4)		230		228		(2)		—		(2)
Segment G&A	17		19		2		—		2		57		62		5		—		5



Adjusted Operating Income	63		62		1		—		1		188		182		7		—		7

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the increase in Total revenues was primarily driven by an increase in Advertising revenues and other services primarily due to higher advertising fund contributions from franchisees reflecting an increase in the contribution rate. Adjusted Operating Income remained relatively consistent with the prior year.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increases in Total revenues and Adjusted Operating Income were primarily driven by the acquisition of Popeyes restaurants as part of the Carrols Acquisition. Additionally, Adjusted Operating Income benefited from decreases in Segment G&A due primarily to lower compensation-related expenses.

Franchise and property revenues and Segment F&P expenses also include the impacts of convention revenue and expenses recognized in the second quarter of 2025 and 2024, which had an immaterial net impact to Adjusted Operating Income.

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FHS Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024

System-wide Sales Growth	10.7		%	(1.3)		%	8.1		%	1.9		%
System-wide Sales	$	332		$	301		$	991		$	918
Comparable Sales	2.6		%	(4.8)		%	0.7		%	(1.6)		%
Comparable Sales - US	2.5		%	(5.2)		%	0.5		%	(1.7)		%
Net Restaurant Growth	7.7		%	3.9		%	7.7		%	3.9		%
System Restaurant Count at Period End	1,400			1,300			1,400			1,300


FHS Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)						2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Revenues:
Company restaurant sales	$	11	$	10	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	33	$	31	$	3	$	—	$	3
Franchise and property revenues	30		27		3		—		3		84		79		5		—		5
Advertising revenues and other services	18		15		3		—		3		55		47		8		—		8
Total revenues	60		53		7		—		7		172		156		16		—		16
Company restaurant expenses	9		9		—		—		—		28		27		(1)		—		(1)
Segment F&P expenses	5		4		(1)		—		(1)		8		6		(2)		—		(2)
Advertising expenses and other services	19		16		(3)		—		(3)		57		48		(9)		—		(9)
Segment G&A	12		11		—		—		—		39		39		1		—		1



Adjusted Operating Income	14		12		2		—		2		41		35		5		—		5

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increases in Total revenues and Adjusted Operating Income were primarily driven by the increase in system-wide sales.

Franchise and property revenues and Segment F&P expenses also include the impacts of convention revenue and expenses recognized in the third quarter of 2025 and 2024, which had an immaterial net impact to Adjusted Operating Income.

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INTL Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024

System-wide Sales Growth (a)	12.1		%	8.0		%	10.3		%	9.5		%
System-wide Sales (a)	$	5,447		$	4,780		$	14,806		$	13,513
Comparable Sales	6.5		%	1.8		%	4.5		%	2.8		%
Comparable Sales - INTL - Burger King	6.4		%	1.9		%	4.5		%	2.8		%
Net Restaurant Growth	5.1		%	7.6		%	5.1		%	7.6		%
System Restaurant Count at Period End	15,907			15,137			15,907			15,137

(a) System-wide sales growth is calculated on a constant currency basis and therefore will not recalculate to the percentage change in system-wide sales, which is reported on a nominal basis.


INTL Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Variance		FX Impact (a)		Variance Excluding FX Impact
	2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)						2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)
Revenues:

Franchise and property revenues	$	245	$	222	$	23	$	5	$	18	$	673	$	637	$	36	$	(1)	$	37
Advertising revenues and other services	22		20		2		1		1		62		61		1		—		1
Total revenues	268		243		25		5		19		735		698		37		(1)		39

Segment F&P expenses	7		5		(3)		—		(3)		21		10		(11)		—		(11)
Advertising expenses and other services	25		25		1		(1)		2		70		70		—		—		—
Segment G&A	47		48		1		(2)		3		145		150		4		(3)		8



Adjusted Operating Income	189		166		24		2		21		499		468		31		(4)		36

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increases in Total revenues were primarily driven by higher royalties from Burger King and Popeyes restaurants resulting from increased system-wide sales, partially offset by the absence of $10 million and $29 million of revenues from BK China which were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Results were also impacted by a favorable FX Impact during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and an unfavorable FX Impact during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increases in Adjusted Operating Income were driven by increases in Total revenues and decreases in Segment G&A due primarily to lower compensation-related expenses, partially offset by increases in Segment F&P expenses driven by increases in net bad debt expenses. Results were also impacted by a favorable FX Impact during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and an unfavorable FX Impact during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Franchise and property revenues and Segment F&P expenses also include the impacts of Burger King international convention revenue and expenses recognized in 2025, while we did not have a Burger King international convention in 2024. Convention-related revenues and expenses have an immaterial net impact to Adjusted Operating Income.

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RH Results

The RH segment revenues, expenses and segment income reflect the Burger King restaurants acquired from Carrols and the PLK China restaurants beginning on their acquisition dates of May 16, 2024 and June 28, 2024, respectively, and FHS Brazil beginning in 2025. As such, RH segment revenues, expenses and segment income reflect the full three month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. RH segment revenues, expenses and segment income reflect the full nine month period ended September 30, 2025 compared to a partial period for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.


RH Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024



Comparable Sales	4.8	%	(2.2)	%	2.3	%	0.0	%
Comparable Sales - BK US	4.8	%	(2.2)	%	2.3	%	0.0	%
System Restaurant Count at Period End	1,068		1,035		1,068		1,035


RH Segment	Three Months Ended September 30,				Variance		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Variance
	2025		2024		Fav/(Unfav)		2025		2024		Fav/(Unfav)
Total revenues	$	459	$	441	$	18	$	1,360	$	671	$	689
Food, beverage and packaging costs	136		123		(13)		391		187		(204)
Restaurant wages and related expenses	148		141		(7)		445		213		(232)
Restaurant occupancy and other expenses (a)	119		120		—		353		178		(174)
Company restaurant expenses	403		384		(20)		1,188		578		(610)
Advertising expenses and other services (b)	23		19		(4)		68		29		(39)
Segment G&A	23		23		—		70		35		(36)
Adjusted Operating Income	10		16		(6)		33		30		3

(a) Restaurant occupancy and other expenses include intersegment royalties and property expense of $28 million and $83 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $28 million and $43 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation.

(b) Advertising expenses and other services include intersegment advertising expenses and tech fees of $21 million and $63 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $18 million and $28 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the increase in Total revenues was primarily driven by an increase in Carrols Burger King restaurant sales due to comparable sales growth.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the decrease in Adjusted Operating Income was primarily driven by an increase in Company restaurant expenses due to higher commodity costs, primarily driven by beef, and higher restaurant wages. Additionally, Advertising expenses and other services increased due to an increase in restaurant sales and an increase in the contribution rate from Carrols Burger King restaurants, consistent with the rate increase for the rest of the Burger King U.S system. These factors were partially offset by the increase in Total revenues.

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Non-GAAP Reconciliations

The table below contains information regarding Adjusted Operating Income, which is a non-GAAP measure. This non-GAAP measure does not have a standardized meaning under U.S. GAAP and may differ from a similarly captioned measure of other companies in our industry. We believe this non-GAAP measure is useful to investors in assessing our operating performance, as it provides them with the same tools that management uses to evaluate our performance and is responsive to questions we receive from both investors and analysts. By disclosing this non-GAAP measure, we intend to provide investors with a consistent comparison of our operating results and trends for the periods presented. Adjusted Operating Income is defined as income from operations excluding (i) franchise agreement and reacquired franchise rights intangible asset amortization as a result of acquisition accounting, (ii) (income) loss from equity method investments, net of cash distributions received from equity method investments, (iii) other operating expenses (income), net and, (iv) income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities. For the periods referenced, income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities included (i) non-recurring fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Carrols Acquisition, the PLK China Acquisition, and the BK China Acquisition consisting primarily of professional fees, compensation related expenses and integration costs; and (ii) non-operating costs from professional advisory and consulting services associated with certain transformational corporate restructuring initiatives that rationalize our structure and optimize cash movements as well as services related to significant tax reform legislation and regulations. Management believes that these types of expenses are either not related to our underlying profitability drivers or not likely to re-occur in the foreseeable future and the varied timing, size and nature of these projects may cause volatility in our results unrelated to the performance of our core business that does not reflect trends of our core operations.

Adjusted Operating Income is used by management to measure operating performance of the business, excluding these non-cash and other specifically identified items that management believes are not relevant to management’s assessment of our operating performance. Adjusted Operating Income, as defined above, also represents our measure of segment income for each of our operating segments.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Variance				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Variance
					$		%						$		%
	2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)				2025		2024		Favorable / (Unfavorable)

Income from operations	$	663	$	577	$	86	15	%	$	1,581	$	1,784	$	(203)	(11)	%
Franchise agreement and reacquired franchise rights amortization	16		19		3		16	%	49		38		(11)		(29)	%
RH and BK China Transaction costs	7		4		(3)		(75)	%	29		17		(12)		(71)	%
Corporate restructuring and advisory fees	1		3		2		67	%	7		11		4		36	%
Impact of equity method investments (a)	2		7		5		71	%	(1)		(57)		(56)		98	%
Other operating expenses (income), net	12		42		30		71	%	244		31		(213)		NM
Adjusted Operating Income	$	702	$	652	$	50	8	%	$	1,910	$	1,824	$	86	5	%

Segment income:
TH	$	304	$	284	$	19	7	%	$	803	$	777	$	25	3	%
BK	123		112		10		9	%	347		332		14		4	%
PLK	63		62		1		2	%	188		182		7		4	%
FHS	14		12		2		15	%	41		35		5		15	%
INTL	189		166		24		14	%	499		468		31		7	%
RH	10		16		(6)		(40)	%	33		30		3		10	%
Adjusted Operating Income	$	702	$	652	$	50	8	%	$	1,910	$	1,824	$	86	5	%

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The increase in Adjusted Operating Income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 reflects increases in segment income in each of our five franchisor segments, partially offset by a decrease in segment income in the RH segment.

The increase in Adjusted Operating Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 reflects increases in segment income in each of our five franchisor segments, partially offset by an unfavorable FX Impact of $22 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash generated by operations and borrowings available under our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below). We have used, and may in the future use, our liquidity to make required interest and/or principal payments, to repurchase our common shares, to repurchase Class B exchangeable limited partnership units of Partnership (“Partnership exchangeable units”), to voluntarily prepay and repurchase our outstanding debt or that of one of our affiliates, to fund acquisitions and other investing activities, such as capital expenditures and joint ventures, to pay dividends on our common shares and make distributions on the Partnership exchangeable units. Our liquidity requirements are significant, primarily due to debt service requirements.

As of September 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,206 million and borrowing availability of $1,248 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). Based on our current level of operations and available cash, we believe our cash flow from operations, combined with our availability under our Revolving Credit Facility, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our current obligations, debt service requirements and capital spending over the next twelve months.

On February 14, 2025, we acquired substantially all of the remaining equity interests in BK China from our former joint venture partners for approximately $151 million in an all-cash transaction and assumed approximately $178 million of outstanding debt. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we provided $137 million of funding to BK China. As of September 30, 2025, cash and cash equivalents for BK China was $91 million, reflected in assets held for sale – discontinued operations, and outstanding debt was $207 million, reflected in liabilities held for sale – discontinued operations. This business may require additional funding while we work to identify a new controlling shareholder.

Burger King is executing its multi-year "Reclaim the Flame" plan to accelerate sales growth and drive franchisee profitability. This plan includes investing up to $700 million through year-end 2028, comprised of advertising and digital investments ("Fuel the Flame") and high-quality remodels and relocations, restaurant technology, kitchen equipment, and building enhancements ("Royal Reset"). The Fuel the Flame investments were completed in the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2024. As of September 30, 2025, we have funded $160 million out of up to $550 million planned toward the Royal Reset investments.

As of September 30, 2025, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swap contracts between the Canadian dollar and U.S. dollar from which we receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar aggregate amount of $5,700 million and between the Euro and U.S. dollar from which we receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar aggregate amount of $2,750 million. We expect to receive $56 million in fixed-rate interest payments in the next twelve months in connection with these outstanding cross-currency swaps.

On August 6, 2025, our board of directors approved a share repurchase authorization of up to $1,000 million of our common shares from September 15, 2025 until September 30, 2027. This share repurchase authorization replaced RBI's prior two-year authorization to repurchase up to $1,000 million of our common shares until September 30, 2025, which had an authorization of $500 million remaining at the time of its replacement. On September 12, 2025, in furtherance of the new share repurchase authorization, we announced that the Toronto Stock Exchange had accepted and approved the notice of our intention to renew our normal course issuer bid, permitting the repurchase of up to 32,326,078 common shares for the 12-month period commencing September 16, 2025 and ending on September 15, 2026. As of September 30, 2025, we had $1,000 million remaining under the new authorization. Repurchases under the authorization may be made in the open market, either on the Toronto Stock Exchange or the New York Stock Exchange, or through privately negotiated transactions.

We generally provide applicable deferred taxes based on the tax liability or withholding taxes that would be due upon repatriation of cash associated with unremitted earnings. We will continue to monitor our plans for such cash and related foreign earnings but our expectation is to continue to provide taxes on unremitted earnings that we expect to distribute.

On June 20, 2024, Canada enacted tax legislation to restrict the deduction of excessive interest and financing expenses (“EIFEL”) which is effective for taxation years beginning on or after October 1, 2023. As a result, we expect to have restricted interest and financing tax deductions for the current and next fiscal years, which will continue to increase our cash taxes.

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Debt Instruments and Debt Service Requirements

As of September 30, 2025, our total debt consists primarily of borrowings under our Credit Facilities, amounts outstanding under our 3.875% First Lien Senior Notes due 2028, 3.50% First Lien Senior Notes due 2029, 6.125% First Lien Senior Notes due 2029, 5.625% First Lien Senior Notes due 2029, 4.375% Second Lien Senior Notes due 2028, 4.00% Second Lien Senior Notes due 2030 (together, the “Senior Notes”), and obligations under finance leases. For further information about our total debt, see Note 11 – Long-Term Debt in the notes to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

As of September 30, 2025, there was $5,942 million outstanding principal amount under our Term Loan Facilities with a weighted average interest rate of 5.76%. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under our Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility is, at our option, either (i) a base rate, subject to a floor of 1.00%, plus an applicable margin varying from 0.00% to 0.50%, or (ii) Term SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate), subject to a floor of 0.00%, plus an applicable margin varying between 0.75% to 1.50%, in each case, determined by reference to a net first lien leverage based pricing grid. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under our Term Loan B is, at our option, either (i) a base rate, subject to a floor of 1.00%, plus an applicable margin of 0.75%, or (ii) Term SOFR, subject to a floor of 0.00%, plus an applicable margin of 1.75%.

Based on the amounts outstanding under the Term Loan Facilities and SOFR as of September 30, 2025, subject to a floor of 0.00%, required debt service for the next twelve months is estimated to be approximately $345 million in interest payments and $79 million in principal payments. In addition, based on SOFR as of September 30, 2025, net cash settlements that we expect to receive on our $4,000 million interest rate swaps are estimated to be approximately $68 million for the next twelve months. Based on the amounts outstanding at September 30, 2025, required debt service for the next twelve months on all of the Senior Notes outstanding is approximately $337 million in interest payments and no principal payments.

Restrictions and Covenants

As of September 30, 2025, we were in compliance with all applicable financial debt covenants under the Credit Facilities and the indentures governing our Senior Notes.

Cash Dividends

On October 7, 2025, we paid a dividend of $0.62 per common share and Partnership made a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $0.62 per Partnership exchangeable unit.

Our board of directors has declared a cash dividend of $0.62 per common share, which will be paid on January 6, 2026 to common shareholders of record on December 23, 2025. Partnership will also make a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $0.62 per Partnership exchangeable unit, and the record date and payment date for distributions on Partnership exchangeable units are the same as the record date and payment date set forth above.

In addition, because we are a holding company, our ability to pay cash dividends on our common shares may be limited by restrictions under our debt agreements. Although we do not have a formal dividend policy, our board of directors may, subject to compliance with the covenants contained in our debt agreements and other considerations, determine to pay dividends in the future. We expect to pay all dividends from cash generated from our operations.

Outstanding Security Data

As of October 24, 2025, we had outstanding 327,812,087 common shares and one special voting share. The special voting share is held by a trustee, entitling the trustee to that number of votes on matters on which holders of common shares are entitled to vote equal to the number of Partnership exchangeable units outstanding. The trustee is required to cast such votes in accordance with voting instructions provided by holders of Partnership exchangeable units. At any shareholder meeting of the Company, holders of our common shares vote together as a single class with the special voting share except as otherwise provided by law. For information on our share-based compensation and our outstanding equity awards, see Note 14 to the audited consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 21, 2025.

There were 126,983,115 Partnership exchangeable units outstanding as of October 24, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Partnership exchanged 55,462 Partnership exchangeable units pursuant to exchange notices received. The holders of Partnership exchangeable units have the right to require Partnership to exchange all or any portion of such holder’s Partnership exchangeable units for our common shares at a ratio of one share for each Partnership exchangeable unit, subject to our right as the general partner of Partnership to determine to settle any such exchange for a cash payment in lieu of our common shares.

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Comparative Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $1,159 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $1,022 million during the same period in the prior year. The change in cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by an increase in segment income in all of our segments, a decrease in cash used for working capital and a decrease in interest payments, partially offset by an increase in income tax payments.

Investing Activities

Cash used for investing activities was $213 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $616 million during the same period in the prior year. The change in cash used for investing activities was primarily driven by a decrease in net payments for acquisition of franchised restaurants, net of cash acquired, partially offset by an increase in payments for additions of property and equipment. Net payments for acquisition of franchised restaurants for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was comprised primarily of $151 million for the BK China Acquisition and $508 million for the Carrols Acquisition, respectively.

Financing Activities

Cash used for financing activities was $952 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $365 million during the same period in the prior year. The change in cash used for financing activities was driven primarily by the non-recurrence of proceeds from long-term debt, partially offset by a decrease in repayments of long-term debt and finance leases.

Discontinued Operations

Net cash used for discontinued operations was $52 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Contractual Obligations

There have been no significant changes to our contractual obligations as disclosed in our 2024 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K except as described herein and in Note 6 – BK China in the notes to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

For information regarding our Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, see the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 21, 2025.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 – Description of Business and Organization in the notes to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There were no material changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 to the disclosures made in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 21, 2025.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and Exchange Act Rules 15d-15(e)) as of September 30, 2025. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date.

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Changes in Internal Controls

As of September 30, 2025, we are in the process of integrating BK China into our overall internal control over financial reporting process.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, confirm there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, other than the integration of BK China as described above.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain information contained in this report, including information regarding future financial performance and plans, targets, aspirations, expectations, and objectives of management, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws. We refer to all of these as forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are forward-looking in nature and, accordingly, are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of words such as “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “plan”, “continue”, “will”, “may”, “could”, “would”, “target”, “potential” and other similar expressions and include, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations or beliefs regarding (i) the effects of macro-economic trends on our results of operations, business, liquidity, prospects and restaurant operations and those of our franchisees; (ii) our expectation regarding additional investments in and refranchising of Burger King restaurants acquired as part of the Carrols Acquisition; (iii) our future financial obligations, including annual debt service requirements, capital expenditures and dividend payments, our ability to meet such obligations and the source of funds used to satisfy such obligations; (iv) our exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates and their impact on our debt service obligations, future results of operations and future cash flows; (v) certain tax matters, including our estimates with respect to tax matters and their impact on future periods and tax law changes; (vi) the amount of net cash settlements we expect to pay or receive on our derivative instruments; (vii) certain accounting matters; (viii) RH and BK China Transaction Costs; (ix) our ability to identify and onboard a new controlling shareholder for BK China, a new partner for PLK China and new investors for FHS Brazil and when we plan to do so; and (x) deferred tax treatment on unremitted earnings.

Our forward-looking statements, included in this report and elsewhere, represent management’s expectations as of the date that they are made. Our forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and analyses made by the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. However, these forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, among other things, risks related to: (1) our indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations; (2) global economic or other business conditions that may affect the desire or ability of our guests to purchase our products, such as inflationary pressures, high unemployment levels, declines in median income growth, consumer confidence and consumer discretionary spending and changes in consumer perceptions of dietary health and food safety; (3) our relationship with, and the success of, our franchisees and risks related to our nearly fully franchised business model; (4) our franchisees' financial stability and their ability to access and maintain the liquidity necessary to operate their businesses; (5) our supply chain operations; (6) our ownership and leasing of real estate; (7) the effectiveness of our marketing, advertising and digital programs and franchisee support of these programs; (8) significant and rapid fluctuations in interest rates and in the currency exchange markets and the effectiveness of our hedging activity; (9) our international operations and our ability to successfully implement our domestic and international growth strategy for each of our brands; (10) our reliance on franchisees, including subfranchisees to accelerate restaurant growth; (11) unforeseen events such as pandemics; (12) the ability of the counterparties to our credit facilities’ and derivatives’ to fulfill their commitments and/or obligations; (13) changes in applicable tax laws or interpretations thereof, and our ability to accurately interpret and predict the impact of such changes or interpretations on our financial condition and results; (14) evolving legislation and regulations in the area of franchise and labor and employment law; (15) our ability to address environmental and social sustainability issues; (16) the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; (17) the consumer environment; and (18) tariffs and their impact on economic conditions and our business.

We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment and our inability to successfully manage any of the above risks may permit our competitors to increase their market share and may decrease our profitability. New risk factors

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emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Finally, our future results will depend upon various other risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those detailed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 21, 2025, as well as other materials that we from time to time file with, or furnish to, the SEC or file with Canadian securities regulatory authorities. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this section and elsewhere in this report. Other than as required under securities laws, we do not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or otherwise.

Part II – Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Part I, Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits



Exhibit Number						Description

31.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS						XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104						Cover Page Interactive File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC.

(Registrant)

Date: October 30, 2025

By:

/s/ Sami Siddiqui

Name:

Sami Siddiqui

Title:

Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer)
(duly authorized officer)

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Part I Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements Note 1. Description Of Business and Organization Note 2. Earnings (loss) Per Share Note 3. Revenue Recognition Note 4. Leases Note 5. Segment Reporting Note 6. Bk China Note 7. Carrols Acquisition Note 8. Equity Method Investments Note 9. Intangible Assets, Net and Goodwill Note 10. Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities, Net Note 11. Long-term Debt Note 12. Derivative Instruments Note 13. Shareholders Equity Note 14. Income Taxes Note 15. Other Operating Expenses (income), Net Note 16. Supplier Finance Programs Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies Note 18. Subsequent Events Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc. pursuant to Section302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc. pursuant to Section302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc. pursuant to Section906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Restaurant Brands International Inc. pursuant to Section906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

QSR 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025

Exhibits