RBCAA 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2018

REPUBLIC BANCORP INC /KY/

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10-Q 1 rbca-20180930x10q.htm 10-Q rbcaa_Current_Folio_10Q

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

☐Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number: 0-24649

REPUBLIC BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Kentucky		61-0862051
(State of other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

601 West Market Street, Louisville, Kentucky		40202
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (502) 584- 3600

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, as of October 31, 2018, was 18,691,894 and 2,212,929.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS



PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements.	3

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	70

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.	114

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	114

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	114

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	115

Item 6.	Exhibits.	116

	SIGNATURES	117

Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATIO N

Item 1. Financial Statements.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ( UNAUDITED )

( in thousands)


	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents	$	365,512	$	299,351
Available-for-sale debt securities		445,124		524,303
Held-to-maturity debt securities (fair value of $66,667 in 2018 and $65,133 in 2017)		65,925		64,227
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value		2,717		2,928
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value		7,862		5,761
Consumer loans held for sale, at fair value		—		2,677
Consumer loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or fair value		21,037		8,551
Loans (includes $2,097 of loans carried at fair value at September 30, 2018)		4,136,195		4,014,034
Allowance for loan and lease losses		(43,824)		(42,769)
Loans, net		4,092,371		3,971,265
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost		32,067		32,067
Premises and equipment, net		43,338		42,588
Premises, held for sale		2,607		3,017
Goodwill		16,300		16,300
Other real estate owned		70		115
Bank owned life insurance		64,491		63,356
Other assets and accrued interest receivable		62,933		48,856

TOTAL ASSETS	$	5,222,354	$	5,085,362

LIABILITIES

Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	1,103,461	$	1,022,042
Interest-bearing		2,463,224		2,411,116
Total deposits		3,566,685		3,433,158

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings		163,768		204,021
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		715,000		737,500
Subordinated note		41,240		41,240
Other liabilities and accrued interest payable		58,851		37,019

Total liabilities		4,545,544		4,452,938

Commitments and contingent liabilities (Footnote 8)		—		—

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred stock, no par value		—		—
Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, no par value		4,904		4,902
Additional paid in capital		140,834		139,406
Retained earnings		533,191		487,700
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(2,119)		416

Total stockholders’ equity		676,810		632,424

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	5,222,354	$	5,085,362

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME ( UNAUDITED )

( in thousands, except per share data )


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
INTEREST INCOME:

Loans, including fees	$	56,296	$	50,271	$	179,867	$	153,010
Taxable investment securities		2,964		2,364		8,306		6,910
Federal Home Loan Bank stock and other		1,830		1,090		5,106		2,509
Total interest income		61,090		53,725		193,279		162,429

INTEREST EXPENSE:

Deposits		4,562		2,587		11,856		6,790
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings		317		161		752		332
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		2,782		2,383		7,779		6,618
Subordinated note		396		287		1,110		807
Total interest expense		8,057		5,418		21,497		14,547

NET INTEREST INCOME		53,033		48,307		171,782		147,882

Provision for loan and lease losses		4,077		4,221		26,264		21,633

NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES		48,956		44,086		145,518		126,249

NONINTEREST INCOME:

Service charges on deposit accounts		3,579		3,395		10,708		10,032
Net refund transfer fees		149		177		19,974		18,329
Mortgage banking income		1,360		1,102		3,696		3,707
Interchange fee income		2,757		2,475		8,315		7,348
Program fees		1,686		1,597		4,705		3,972
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance		385		394		1,135		1,178
Net gains on other real estate owned		248		31		700		422
Other		1,301		1,203		4,073		3,236
Total noninterest income		11,465		10,374		53,306		48,224

NONINTEREST EXPENSE:

Salaries and employee benefits		22,846		20,505		69,446		61,731
Occupancy and equipment, net		6,153		5,841		18,535		17,594
Communication and transportation		1,047		1,239		3,670		3,450
Marketing and development		1,449		1,677		3,648		4,090
FDIC insurance expense		360		300		1,230		1,050
Bank franchise tax expense		710		749		4,088		3,974
Data processing		2,350		1,795		7,179		5,142
Interchange related expense		1,138		928		3,243		3,057
Supplies		314		241		998		1,029
Other real estate owned expense		2		55		63		284
Legal and professional fees		935		446		2,706		1,794
Impairment of premises held for sale		126		965		356		1,082
Other		3,782		3,285		9,727		8,422
Total noninterest expense		41,212		38,026		124,889		112,699

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE		19,209		16,434		73,935		61,774
INCOME TAX EXPENSE		1,798		5,728		13,389		20,980

NET INCOME	$	17,411	$	10,706	$	60,546	$	40,794

BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Class A Common Stock	$	0.84	$	0.51	$	2.92	$	1.97
Class B Common Stock		0.76		0.47		2.65		1.79

DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Class A Common Stock	$	0.83	$	0.51	$	2.90	$	1.96
Class B Common Stock		0.76		0.47		2.64		1.78

DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE:
Class A Common Stock	$	0.242	$	0.220	$	0.726	$	0.649
Class B Common Stock		0.220		0.200		0.660		0.590

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ( UNAUDITED)

( in thousands )


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017

Net income	$	17,411	$	10,706	$	60,546	$	40,794

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Change in fair value of derivatives used for cash flow hedges		54		9		330		(67)
Reclassification amount for net derivative losses realized in income		1		51		36		175
Change in unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale debt securities (2018), debt and equity securities (2017)		(467)		(237)		(3,130)		892
Adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-01		—		—		(428)		—
Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale debt security for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in earnings		(2)		90		(19)		244
Total other comprehensive (loss) income before income tax		(414)		(87)		(3,211)		1,244
Tax effect		88		30		676		(436)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax		(326)		(57)		(2,535)		808

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	17,085	$	10,649	$	58,011	$	41,602

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017 WITH QUARTERLY SUBTOTALS


	Common Stock								Accumulated
	Class A	Class B			Additional				Other		Total
	Shares	Shares			Paid In		Retained		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
(in thousands)	Outstanding	Outstanding	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Equity

Balance, January 1, 2018	18,607	2,243	$	4,902	$	139,406	$	487,700	$	416	$	632,424

Activity for the three months ended March 31, 2018:

Adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-01	—	—		—		—		(35)		(338)		(373)
Net income	—	—		—		—		27,469		—		27,469
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		(1,495)		(1,495)
Dividends declared on Common Stock:
Class A Shares	—	—		—		—		(4,517)		—		(4,517)
Class B Shares	—	—		—		—		(494)		—		(494)
Net change in notes receivable on Class A Common Stock	—	—		—		33		—		—		33
Deferred compensation - Class A Common Stock:
Directors	2	—		—		55		—		—		55
Stock-based awards - Class A Common Stock:
Performance stock units	—	—		—		26		—		—		26
Restricted stock	36	—		—		64		—		—		64
Stock options	—	—		—		62		—		—		62

Balance, March 31, 2018	18,645	2,243		4,902		139,646		510,123		(1,417)		653,254

Activity for the three months ended June 30, 2018:

Net income	—	—		—		—		15,666		—		15,666
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		(376)		(376)
Dividends declared on Common Stock:
Class A Shares	—	—		—		—		(4,518)		—		(4,518)
Class B Shares	—	—		—		—		(487)		—		(487)
Stock options exercised, net of shares redeemed	2	—		—		48		—		—		48
Conversion of Class B to Class A Common Shares	28	(28)		—		—		—		—		—
Net change in notes receivable on Class A Common Stock	—	—		—		36		—		—		36
Deferred compensation - Class A Common Stock:
Directors	3	—		1		47		—		—		48
Stock-based awards - Class A Common Stock:
Performance stock units	—	—		—		27		—		—		27
Restricted stock	(1)	—		—		254		—		—		254
Stock options	—	—		—		56		—		—		56

Balance, June 30, 2018	18,677	2,215		4,903		140,114		520,784		(1,793)		664,008

Activity for the three months ended September 30, 2018:

Net income	—	—		—		—		17,411		—		17,411
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		(326)		(326)
Dividends declared on Common Stock:
Class A Shares	—	—		—		—		(4,517)		—		(4,517)
Class B Shares	—	—		—		—		(487)		—		(487)
Stock options exercised, net of shares redeemed	1	—		—		35		—		—		35
Conversion of Class B to Class A Common Shares	2	(2)		—		—		—		—		—
Net change in notes receivable on Class A Common Stock	—	—		—		(25)		—		—		(25)
Deferred compensation - Class A Common Stock:
Directors	—	—		—		62		—		—		62
Designated key employees	—	—		—		284		—		—		284
Employee stock purchase plan - Class A Common Stock	3	—		1		123		—		—		124
Stock-based awards - Class A Common Stock:
Performance stock units	—	—		—		53		—		—		53
Restricted stock	(1)	—		—		132		—		—		132
Stock options	—	—		—		56		—		—		56

Balance, September 30, 2018	18,682	2,213	$	4,904	$	140,834	$	533,191	$	(2,119)	$	676,810

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents


	Common Stock								Accumulated
	Class A	Class B			Additional				Other		Total
	Shares	Shares			Paid In		Retained		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
(in thousands)	Outstanding	Outstanding	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Income		Equity

Balance, January 1, 2017	18,615	2,245	$	4,906	$	138,192	$	460,621	$	687	$	604,406

Activity for the three months ended March 31, 2017:

Net income	—	—		—		—		20,017		—		20,017
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		554		554
Dividends declared Common Stock:
Class A Shares	—	—		—		—		(3,891)		—		(3,891)
Class B Shares	—	—		—		—		(427)		—		(427)
Stock options exercised, net of shares redeemed	2	—		—		33		—		—		33
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock	(13)	—		(2)		(107)		(435)		—		(544)
Conversion of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock	2	(2)		—		—		—		—		—
Net change in notes receivable on Class A Common Stock	—	—		—		51		—		—		51
Deferred director compensation expense - Class A Common Stock	5	—		—		55		—		—		55
Stock-based awards - Class A Common Stock:
Performance stock units	—	—		—		132		—		—		132
Restricted stock	4	—		—		215		—		—		215
Stock options	—	—		—		63		—		—		63

Balance, March 31, 2017	18,615	2,243	$	4,904	$	138,634	$	475,885	$	1,241	$	620,664

Activity for the three months ended June 30, 2017:

Net income	—	—		—		—		10,071		—		10,071
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		311		311
Dividends declared Common Stock:
Class A Shares	—	—		—		—		(4,095)		—		(4,095)
Class B Shares	—	—		—		—		(449)		—		(449)
Net change in notes receivable on Class A Common Stock	—	—		—		103		—		—		103
Deferred director compensation expense - Class A Common Stock	3	—		—		41		—		—		41
Stock-based awards - Class A Common Stock:
Performance stock units	—	—		—		105		—		—		105
Restricted stock	—	—		—		77		—		—		77
Stock options	—	—		—		63		—		—		63

Balance, June 30, 2017	18,618	2,243	$	4,904	$	139,023	$	481,412	$	1,552	$	626,891

Activity for the three months ended September 30, 2017:

Net income	—	—		—		—		10,706		—		10,706
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		(57)		(57)
Dividends declared Common Stock:
Class A Shares	—	—		—		—		(4,096)		—		(4,096)
Class B Shares	—	—		—		—		(448)		—		(448)
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock	—	—		—		(14)		—		—		(14)
Net change in notes receivable on Class A Common Stock	—	—		—		(19)		—		—		(19)
Deferred director compensation expense - Class A Common Stock	(3)	—		—		51		—		—		51
Stock-based awards - Class A Common Stock:
Performance stock units	—	—		—		127		—		—		127
Restricted stock	3	—		—		81		—		—		81
Stock options	—	—		—		65		—		—		65

Balance, September 30, 2017	18,618	2,243	$	4,904	$	139,314	$	487,574	$	1,495	$	633,287

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018		2017
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	60,546	$	40,794
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization (accretion) on investment securities, net		(204)		231
Accretion on loans and amortization of core deposit intangible, net		(2,744)		(3,981)
Unrealized losses on equity securities with readily determinable fair value		211		—
Depreciation of premises and equipment		7,020		6,178
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights		1,092		1,104
Provision for loan and lease losses		26,264		21,633
Net gain on sale of mortgage loans held for sale		(2,985)		(3,221)
Origination of mortgage loans held for sale		(133,273)		(119,265)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale		134,157		130,065
Net gain on sale of consumer loans held for sale		(4,429)		(3,869)
Origination of consumer loans held for sale		(582,871)		(454,844)
Proceeds from sale of consumer loans held for sale		576,646		453,169
Net gain realized on sale of other real estate owned		(700)		(577)
Writedowns of other real estate owned		—		155
Impairment of premises held for sale		356		1,082
Deferred compensation expense - Class A Common Stock		449		147
Stock-based awards expense - Class A Common Stock		730		928
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance		(1,135)		(1,178)
Net change in other assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable		(1,614)		(1,001)
Accrued interest payable		6		(12)
Other assets		2,314		(3,367)
Other liabilities		5,870		3,283
Net cash provided by operating activities		85,706		67,454

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities		(159,880)		(91,451)
Purchases of held-to-maturity debt securities		(4,934)		(15,460)
Proceeds from calls, maturities and paydowns of available-for-sale debt securities		236,138		114,930
Proceeds from calls, maturities and paydowns of held-to-maturity debt securities		3,213		3,129
Net change in outstanding warehouse lines of credit		(35,242)		14,279
Purchase of non-business-acquisition loans, including premiums paid		—		(4,811)
Net change in other loans		(108,750)		(166,845)
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock		—		(3,859)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned		1,153		2,202
Net purchases of premises and equipment		(7,716)		(9,236)
Net cash used in investing activities		(76,018)		(157,122)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net change in deposits		133,527		189,037
Net change in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings		(40,253)		(162)
Payments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances		(417,500)		(460,000)
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances		395,000		415,000
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock		—		(558)
Net proceeds from Class A Common Stock purchased through employee stock purchase plan		124		—
Net proceeds from Class A Common Stock options exercised		83		33
Cash dividends paid		(14,508)		(13,129)
Net cash used in financing activities		56,473		130,221

NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		66,161		40,553
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD		299,351		289,309
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD	$	365,512	$	329,862

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASHFLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	21,491	$	14,559
Income taxes		10,196		20,570

SUPPLEMENTAL NONCASH DISCLOSURES:
Transfers from loans to real estate acquired in settlement of loans	$	408	$	556
Transfers from loans held for sale to held for investment		2,237		—
Transfers from loans held for investment to held for sale		1,392		—
Unfunded commitments in low-income-housing investments		12,574		—

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 AND DECEMBER 31, 2017 (UNAUDITED)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Republic Bancorp, Inc. (the “Parent Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Republic Bank & Trust Company (“RB&T” or the “Bank”) and Republic Insurance Services, Inc. (the “Captive”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. All companies are collectively referred to as (“Republic” or the “Company”).

The Bank is a Kentucky-based, state-chartered non-member financial institution that provides both traditional and non-traditional banking products through five reportable segments using a multitude of delivery channels. While the Bank operates primarily in its market footprint, its non-brick-and-mortar delivery channels allow it to reach clients across the United States.

The Captive is a Nevada-based, wholly-owned insurance subsidiary of the Company. The Captive provides property and casualty insurance coverage to the Company and the Bank as well as a group of third-party insurance captives for which insurance may not be available or economically feasible.

Republic Bancorp Capital Trust (“RBCT”) is a Delaware statutory business trust that is a wholly-owned unconsolidated finance subsidiary of Republic Bancorp, Inc.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Republic’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company was divided into five reportable segments: Traditional Banking, Warehouse Lending (“Warehouse”), Mortgage Banking, Tax Refund Solutions (“TRS”), and Republic Credit Solutions (“RCS”). Management considers the first three segments to collectively constitute “Core Bank” or “Core Banking” operations, while the last two segments collectively constitute Republic Processing Group (“RPG”) operations. The Bank’s Correspondent Lending channel and the Company’s national branchless banking platform, MemoryBank®, are considered part of the Traditional Banking segment.

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Core Bank

Traditional Banking segment — The Traditional Banking segment provides traditional banking products primarily to customers in the Company’s market footprint. As of September 30, 2018, Republic had 45 full-service banking centers and one loan production office (“LPO”) with locations as follows:

 Kentucky — 32

 Metropolitan Louisville — 18

 Central Kentucky — 9

 Elizabethtown — 1

 Frankfort — 1

 Georgetown — 1

 Lexington — 5

 Shelbyville — 1

 Western Kentucky — 2

 Owensboro — 2

 Northern Kentucky — 3

 Covington — 1

 Crestview Hills — 1

 Florence — 1

 Southern Indiana — 3

 Floyds Knobs — 1

 Jeffersonville — 1

 New Albany — 1

 Metropolitan Tampa, Florida — 7

 Metropolitan Cincinnati, Ohio — 1

 Metropolitan Nashville, Tennessee — 3*

*Includes one LPO

Republic’s headquarters are in Louisville, which is the largest city in Kentucky based on population.

Traditional Banking results of operations are primarily dependent upon net interest income, which represents the difference between the interest income and fees on interest-earning assets and the interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities. Principal interest-earning Traditional Banking assets represent investment securities and commercial and consumer loans primarily secured by real estate and/or personal property. Interest-bearing liabilities primarily consist of interest-bearing deposit accounts, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, as well as short-term and long-term borrowing sources. Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances have traditionally been a significant borrowing source for the Bank.

Other sources of Traditional Banking income include service charges on deposit accounts, debit and credit card interchange fee income, title insurance commissions, and increases in the cash surrender value of Bank Owned Life Insurance (“BOLI”).

Traditional Banking operating expenses consist primarily of salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment expenses, communication and transportation costs, data processing, interchange related expenses, marketing and development expenses, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance expense, franchise tax expense and various other general and administrative costs. Traditional Banking results of operations are significantly impacted by general economic and competitive conditions, particularly changes in market interest rates, government laws and policies and actions of regulatory agencies.

Primarily from its Warehouse clients, the Bank may occasionally acquire for investment through its Correspondent Lending channel single family, first lien mortgage loans that meet the Bank’s specifications. Substantially all loans purchased through the Correspondent Lending channel are purchased at a premium. The volume of loans purchased through the Correspondent Lending channel may fluctuate from time to time based on several factors, including, but not limited to, borrower demand, other investment options and the Bank’s current and forecasted liquidity position.

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Warehouse Lending segment — Through its Warehouse Lending segment, the Core Bank provides short-term, revolving credit facilities to mortgage bankers across the United States through mortgage warehouse lines of credit. These credit facilities are primarily secured by single family, first lien residential real estate loans. The credit facility enables the mortgage banking clients to close single family, first lien residential real estate loans in their own name and temporarily fund their inventory of these closed loans until the loans are sold to investors approved by the Bank or purchased by the Bank through its Correspondent Lending channel. Individual loans are expected to remain on the warehouse line for an average of 15 to 30 days. Reverse mortgage loans typically remain on the line longer than conventional mortgage loans. Interest income and loan fees are accrued for each individual loan during the time the loan remains on the warehouse line and collected when the loan is sold. The Core Bank receives the sale proceeds of each loan directly from the investor and applies the funds to pay off the warehouse advance and related accrued interest and fees. The remaining proceeds are credited to the mortgage-banking client.

Mortgage Banking segment — Mortgage Banking activities primarily include 15-, 20- and 30-year fixed-term single family, first lien residential real estate loans that are originated and sold into the secondary market, primarily to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC” or “Freddie Mac”) and the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA” or “Fannie Mae”). The Bank typically retains servicing on loans sold into the secondary market. Administration of loans with servicing retained by the Bank includes collecting principal and interest payments, escrowing funds for property taxes and property insurance, and remitting payments to secondary market investors. The Bank receives fees for performing these standard servicing functions.

Republic Processing Group

Tax Refund Solutions segment — Through the TRS segment, the Bank is one of a limited number of financial institutions that facilitates the receipt and payment of federal and state tax refund products and offers a credit product through third-party tax preparers located throughout the United States, as well as tax-preparation software providers (collectively, the “Tax Providers”). Substantially all of the business generated by the TRS segment occurs in the first half of the year. The TRS segment traditionally operates at a loss during the second half of the year, during which time the segment incurs costs preparing for the upcoming year’s tax season.

Refund Transfers (“RTs”) are fee-based products whereby a tax refund is issued to the taxpayer after the Bank has received the refund from the federal or state government. There is no credit risk or borrowing cost associated with these products because they are only delivered to the taxpayer upon receipt of the tax refund directly from the governmental paying authority. Fees earned by the Company on RTs, net of revenue share, are reported as noninterest income under the line item “Net refund transfer fees.”

The Easy Advance (“EA”) tax credit product is a loan that allows a taxpayer to receive an advance of a portion of their refund, with the taxpayer’s Tax Provider paying all fees to RB&T for the advance. First offered by TRS in 2016, the EA had the following features during its 2018 and 2017 offering periods:

Offered only during the first two months of each year;

No EA fee was charged to the taxpayer customer;

All fees for the EA were paid by the Tax Providers with a restriction prohibiting the Tax Providers from passing along the fees to the taxpayer customer;

No requirement that the taxpayer customer pays for another bank product, such as an RT;

Multiple funds disbursement methods, including direct deposit, prepaid card, check, or Walmart Direct2Cash ® , based on the taxpayer-customer’s election;

Repayment of the EA to the Bank was deducted from the taxpayer customer’s tax refund proceeds; and

If an insufficient refund to repay the EA occurred:

there was no recourse to the taxpayer customer,

no negative credit reporting on the taxpayer customer, and

no collection efforts against the taxpayer customer.

The Company reports fees paid by the Tax Providers for the EA product as interest income on loans. EAs are generally repaid within three weeks after the taxpayer customer’s tax return is submitted to the applicable taxing authority. EAs do not have a contractual due date but the Company considers an EA delinquent if it remains unpaid three weeks after the taxpayer customer’s tax return is submitted to the applicable taxing authority. Provisions for loan losses on EAs are estimated when advances are made, with provisions for all probable EA losses made in the first quarter of each year. Unpaid EAs are charged-off within 111 days after the taxpayer customer’s tax return is submitted to the applicable taxing authority, with the majority of charge-offs typically recorded during the second quarter of the year.

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Related to the overall credit losses on EAs, the Bank’s ability to control losses is highly dependent upon its ability to predict the taxpayer’s likelihood to receive the tax refund as claimed on the taxpayer’s tax return. Each year, the Bank’s EA approval model is based primarily on the prior-year’s tax refund funding patterns. Because much of the EA volume occurs each year before that year’s tax refund funding patterns can be analyzed and subsequent underwriting changes made, credit losses during a current year could be higher than management’s predictions if tax refund funding patterns change materially between years.

Republic Payment Solutions (“RPS”) division — RPS is managed and operated within the TRS segment. The RPS division is an issuing bank offering general-purpose reloadable prepaid cards through third-party service providers. For the projected near-term, as the prepaid card program matures, the operating results of the RPS division are expected to be immaterial to the Company’s overall results of operations and will be reported as part of the TRS segment. The RPS division will not be considered a separate reportable segment until such time, if any, that it meets quantitative reporting thresholds.

The Company reports fees related to RPS programs under Program fees. Additionally, the Company’s portion of interchange revenue generated by prepaid card transactions is reported as noninterest income under “Interchange fee income.”

Republic Credit Solutions segment — Through the RCS segment, the Bank offers consumer credit products. In general, the credit products are unsecured, small-dollar consumer loans with maturities of 30-days-or-more and are dependent on various factors including the consumer’s ability to repay. RCS loans typically earn a higher yield but also have higher credit risk compared to loans originated through the Traditional Banking segment, with a significant portion of RCS clients considered subprime or near-prime borrowers. Additional information regarding consumer loan products offered through RCS follows:

RCS line-of-credit product – The Bank originates a line-of-credit product to generally subprime borrowers across the United States through one third-party service provider. RCS sells 90% of the balances generated within two business days of loan origination to its third-party service provider and retains the remaining 10% interest. The line-of-credit product represents the substantial majority of RCS activity. Loan balances held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.

RCS credit-card product – From the fourth quarter of 2015 through the first quarter of 2018, the Bank continued to pilot a credit-card product to generally subprime borrowers across the United States through one third-party marketer/servicer. For outstanding cards, RCS sold 90% of the balances generated within two business days of each transaction occurrence to its third-party marketer/servicer and retained the remaining 10% interest. During the second quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/servicer discontinued the marketing of the product to potential new clients, as the two parties deliberated the future direction of the program. During the third quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/servicer reached an agreement in concept to sell 100% of the existing portfolio to an unrelated third party. As a result, the Bank reclassified its 10% interest with a book value of $3.5 million into a held-for-sale category and charged the entire RCS credit-card portfolio down to its estimated net realizable value of $1.5 million.

RCS healthcare receivables product – The Bank originates a healthcare-receivables product across the United States through two different third-party service providers. For one third-party service provider, the Bank retains 100% of the receivables originated. For the other third-party service provider, the Bank retains 100% of the receivables originated in some instances, and in other instances, sells 100% of the receivables within one month of origination. Loan balances held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.

RCS installment loan product – From the first quarter of 2016 through the first quarter of 2018, the Bank continued to pilot a consumer installment-loan product across the United States using a third-party marketer/service. As part of the program, the Bank sold 100% of the balances generated through the program back to the third-party marketer/servicer approximately 21 days after origination. The Bank carried all unsold loans under the program as “held for sale” on its balance sheet. At the initiation of this program in 2016, the Bank elected to carry these loans at fair value under a fair-value option, with the portfolio thereafter marked to market monthly.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/service provider suspended the origination of any new loans, and the subsequent sale of all recently-originated loans under this program, while the two parties evaluated the future offering of this product due to changes in the applicable state law impacting the product. Concurrent with the suspension of this program, the Bank reclassified approximately $2.2 million of these loans from held for sale on the balance sheet into the held-for-investment category and revalued these loans accordingly.

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The Company reports interest income and loan origination fees earned on RCS loans under “Loans, including fees,” while any gains or losses on sale and mark-to-market adjustments of RCS loans are reported as noninterest income under “Program fees.”

Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”)

The following ASUs were issued prior to September 30, 2018 and are considered relevant to the Company’s financial statements. Generally, if an issued-but-not-yet-effective ASU with an expected immaterial impact to the Company has been disclosed in prior Company financial statements, it will not be re-disclosed below.


ASU. No.	Topic	Nature of Update	Date Adoption Required	Permitted Adoption Methods	Expected Financial Statement Impact
2016-02	Leases (Topic 842)	Most leases are considered operating leases, which are not accounted for on the lessees’ balance sheets. The significant change under this ASU is that those operating leases will be recorded on the balance sheet.	January 1, 2019	Modified-retrospective approach, which includes a number of optional practical expedients.	During 2018, the Company completed another iteration of a pro forma impact analysis on the Company's financial statements of implementing this standard. Based on this analysis, the Company believes approximately $28 million of leases will be placed on its balance sheet, with this amount increasing both total assets and total liabilities. Additionally, the Company's analysis reflected that this ASU would have minimal impact on the Company's performance metrics, including regulatory capital ratios and return on average assets. From a client perspective, the Company is currently reviewing the impact of this ASU on any debt covenants.

2016-13	Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326)	This ASU amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized-cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities.	January 1, 2020	Modified-retrospective approach.	As a result of this ASU, the Company expects an as yet undetermined increase in its allowance for credit losses. A committee formed by the Company to oversee its transition to a current expected credit losses (“CECL”) methodology has analyzed the Company’s loan-level data and preliminarily concluded that no additional loan level segmentation beyond its current methodology segmentation would be warranted under CECL. The Company is also currently performing iterations of its allowance calculation under a “beta” CECL model provided by the same third-party software solution currently-employed to calculate the Company's allowance for loan and lease losses.

2018-10	Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases	This ASU affects narrow aspects of the guidance issued in the amendments in ASU 2016-02.	January 1, 2019	Adoption should conform to the adoption of ASU 2016-02 above.	The Company is evaluating the adoption of this ASU with its ongoing analysis of adopting ASU 2016-02.

2018-11	Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements	This ASU provides the Company with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt ASU 2016-02. This ASU also provides the Company with a practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component under certain circumstances.	January 1, 2019	Adoption should conform to the adoption of ASU 2016-02 above.	The Company is evaluating the adoption of this ASU with its ongoing analysis of adopting ASU 2016-02.

2018-13	Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement	This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements in Topic 820 by removing and adding certain elements.	January 1, 2020	Certain elements should be applied prospectively and others retrospectively.	Immaterial

2018-15	Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)	This ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by these amendments.	January 1, 2020	Retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption.	Immaterial

The following ASUs were adopted by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

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ASU. No.	Topic	Nature of Update	Date Adopted	Method of Adoption	Financial Statement Impact
2014-09	Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)	Requires that revenue from contracts with clients be recognized upon transfer of control of a good or service in the amount of consideration expected to be received. Changes the accounting for certain contract costs, including whether they may be offset against revenue in the statements of income, and requires additional disclosures about revenue and contract costs.	January 1, 2018	Modified-retrospective approach.	Because most financial instruments are not subject to this ASU, a substantial portion of the Company's revenue was not impacted by this standard. Furthermore, this new standard did not have a material impact on the timing of revenue recognition for any of the Company's revenue for 2018 nor is it expected to going forward. Additionally, the Company took the following actions in association with the adoption of this ASU: 1) amended its accounting policies and procedures to assure proper revenue recognition in conformity with this ASU; and 2) updated its revenue-recognition financial statement disclosures (see footnote 16 in this section of the filing).

2016-01	Financial Instruments – Overall (Topic 825-10)	Among other things: Requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. Requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (i.e., securities or loans and receivables). Eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost.	January 1, 2018	Modified-retrospective approach.	The Company has updated its policies, procedures, and financial statement presentation and disclosures for this ASU. As provided by this ASU, the Company now reports its financial instruments at exit price (see footnote 9 in this section of the filing) and recognizes changes in the fair value of applicable equity investments in net income (see footnote 2 in this section of the filing).

2016-15	Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments	This ASU provides cash flow statement classification guidance on eight reportable topics.	January 1, 2018	Retrospective transition.	Immaterial.

2016-18	Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)	Requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. As a result, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments do not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents.	January 1, 2018	Retrospective transition.	Immaterial.

2017-09	Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)	The amendments provide guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require the Company to apply modification accounting under Topic 718.	January 1, 2018	Prospectively.	Immaterial.

2018-05	Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118")	This ASU updates the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") for guidance issued by the SEC in SAB 118. Among other things, SAB 118 allows companies a one-year measurement period to complete their accounting for the impact of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.	Upon addition to the ASC	Not Applicable.	For the Company's financial statement disclosures in accordance with SAB 118, see footnote 19 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and footnote 14 in this section of the filing.

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2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

The following tables present the gross amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale debt securities and the related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”):


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
September 30, 2018 (in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies	$	238,418	$	—	$	(2,780)	$	235,638
Private label mortgage backed security		2,484		1,365		—		3,849
Mortgage backed securities - residential		117,129		970		(2,157)		115,942
Collateralized mortgage obligations		76,528		441		(1,604)		75,365
Corporate bonds		10,000		80		—		10,080
Trust preferred security		3,523		727		—		4,250
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	448,082	$	3,583	$	(6,541)	$	445,124


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
December 31, 2017 (in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies	$	309,042	$	1	$	(1,451)	$	307,592
Private label mortgage backed security		3,065		1,384		—		4,449
Mortgage backed securities - residential		105,644		1,603		(873)		106,374
Collateralized mortgage obligations		87,867		371		(1,075)		87,163
Corporate bonds		15,001		124		—		15,125
Trust preferred security		3,493		107		—		3,600
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	524,112	$	3,590	$	(3,399)	$	524,303

Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities

The following tables present the carrying value, gross unrecognized gains and losses, and fair value of held-to-maturity debt securities:


			Gross		Gross
	Carrying		Unrecognized		Unrecognized		Fair
September 30, 2018 (in thousands)	Value		Gains		Losses		Value

Mortgage backed securities - residential	$	146	$	9	$	—	$	155
Collateralized mortgage obligations		20,224		221		(29)		20,416
Corporate bonds		45,092		578		(23)		45,647
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		463		—		(14)		449
Total held-to-maturity debt securities	$	65,925	$	808	$	(66)	$	66,667


			Gross		Gross
	Carrying		Unrecognized		Unrecognized		Fair
December 31, 2017 (in thousands)	Value		Gains		Losses		Value

Mortgage backed securities - residential	$	151	$	10	$	—	$	161
Collateralized mortgage obligations		23,437		236		(17)		23,656
Corporate bonds		40,175		686		(3)		40,858
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		464		—		(6)		458
Total held-to-maturity debt securities	$	64,227	$	932	$	(26)	$	65,133

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no holdings of debt securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

Sales of Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no gains or losses on sales or calls of available-for-sale debt securities.

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Debt Securities by Contractual Maturity

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity at September 30, 2018 follow. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are detailed separately.


	Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity
	Debt Securities				Debt Securities
	Amortized		Fair		Carrying		Fair
September 30, 2018 (in thousands)	Cost		Value		Value		Value

Due in one year or less	$	45,033	$	44,825	$	50	$	50
Due from one year to five years		203,385		200,893		10,386		10,441
Due from five years to ten years		—		—		35,119		35,605
Due beyond ten years		3,523		4,250		—		—
Private label mortgage backed security		2,484		3,849		—		—
Mortgage backed securities - residential		117,129		115,942		146		155
Collateralized mortgage obligations		76,528		75,365		20,224		20,416
Total debt securities	$	448,082	$	445,124	$	65,925	$	66,667

Corporate Bonds

The Bank’s floating rate corporate bonds were rated “investment grade” by accredited rating agencies as of their respective purchase dates. The total fair value of the Bank’s corporate bonds represented 11% and 9% of the Bank’s investment portfolio as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Mortgage Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations

At September 30, 2018, with the exception of the $3.8 million private label mortgage backed security, all other mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) held by the Bank were issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies, primarily Freddie Mac and the Fannie Mae. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were gross unrealized losses of $3.8 million and $1.9 million related to available for sale mortgage backed securities and CMOs. Because these unrealized losses are attributable to changes in interest rates and illiquidity, and not credit quality, and because the Bank does not have the intent to sell these securities, and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, management does not consider these securities to have other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”).

Trust Preferred Security

During 2015, the Parent Company purchased a $3 million floating rate trust preferred security (“TRUP”) at a price of 68% of par. The coupon on this security is based on the 3-month London Interbank Borrowing Rate (“LIBOR”) rate plus 159 basis points. The Company performed an initial analysis prior to acquisition and performs ongoing analysis of the credit risk of the underlying borrower in relation to its TRUP.

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Unrealized-Loss Analysis on Debt Securities

Debt securities with unrealized losses at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:


	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
September 30, 2018 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses

Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies	$	129,894	$	(1,414)	$	105,744	$	(1,366)	$	235,638	$	(2,780)
Mortgage backed securities - residential		56,862		(953)		33,654		(1,204)		90,516		(2,157)
Collateralized mortgage obligations		17,141		(779)		16,563		(825)		33,704		(1,604)
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	203,897	$	(3,146)	$	155,961	$	(3,395)	$	359,858	$	(6,541)


	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
December 31, 2017 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses

Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies	$	209,165	$	(499)	$	88,415	$	(952)	$	297,580	$	(1,451)
Mortgage backed securities - residential		61,348		(617)		10,192		(256)		71,540		(873)
Collateralized mortgage obligations		30,963		(642)		18,603		(433)		49,566		(1,075)
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	301,476	$	(1,758)	$	117,210	$	(1,641)	$	418,686	$	(3,399)


	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
September 30, 2018 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses

Held-to-maturity debt securities:
Collateralized mortgage obligations	$	—	$	—	$	5,765	$	(29)	$	5,765	$	(29)
Corporate bonds		4,915		(23)		—		—		4,915		(23)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		105		(1)		345		(13)		450		(14)
Total held-to-maturity debt securities:	$	5,020	$	(24)	$	6,110	$	(42)	$	11,130	$	(66)


	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
December 31, 2017 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses

Held-to-maturity debt securities:
Collateralized mortgage obligations	$	—	$	—	$	6,390	$	(17)	$	6,390	$	(17)
Corporate bonds		4,997		(3)		—		—		4,997		(3)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		458		(6)		—		—		458		(6)
Total held-to-maturity debt securities:	$	5,455	$	(9)	$	6,390	$	(17)	$	11,845	$	(26)

At September 30, 2018, the Bank’s security portfolio consisted of 186 securities, 68 of which were in an unrealized loss position.

At December 31, 2017, the Bank’s security portfolio consisted of 185 securities, 58 of which were in an unrealized loss position.

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Other-than-temporary impairment

Unrealized losses for all debt securities are reviewed to determine whether the losses are “other-than-temporary.” Debt securities are evaluated for OTTI on at least a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation to determine whether a decline in value below amortized cost is other-than-temporary. In conducting this assessment, the Bank evaluates a number of factors including, but not limited to the following:

The length of time and the extent to which fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis;

The Bank’s intent to hold until maturity or sell the debt security prior to maturity;

An analysis of whether it is more-likely-than-not that the Bank will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery;

Adverse conditions specifically related to the security, an industry, or a geographic area;

The historical and implied volatility of the fair value of the security;

The payment structure of the security and the likelihood of the issuer being able to make payments;

Failure of the issuer to make scheduled interest or principal payments;

Any rating changes by a rating agency; and

Recoveries or additional decline in fair value subsequent to the balance sheet date.

The term “other-than-temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent but indicates that the prospects for a near-term recovery of value are not necessarily favorable, or that there is a general lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, the value of the security is reduced and a corresponding charge to earnings is recognized for the anticipated credit losses.

The Bank owns one private label mortgage backed security with a total carrying value of $3.8 million at September 30, 2018. This security is mostly backed by “Alternative A” first lien mortgage loans, but also has an insurance “wrap” or guarantee as an added layer of protection to the security holder. This asset is illiquid, and as such, the Bank determined it to be a Level 3 security in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. Based on this determination, the Bank utilized an income valuation model (“present value model”) approach, in determining the fair value of the security. This approach is beneficial for positions that are not traded in active markets or are subject to transfer restrictions, and/or where valuations are adjusted to reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability. Such adjustments are generally based on available market evidence. In the absence of such evidence, management’s best estimate is used. Management’s best estimate consists of both internal and external support for this investment.

See additional discussion regarding the Bank’s private label mortgage backed security under Footnote 9 “Fair Value” in this section of the filing.

Pledged Debt Securities

The following table presents debt securities pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and debt securities held for other purposes, as required or permitted by law:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Carrying amount	$	258,670	$	262,679
Fair value		258,777		262,902

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Equity Securities

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments . Among other things, ASU 2016-01 requires the Company recognize changes in the fair value of equity investments with a readily determinable fair value in net income unless those investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

The following tables present the carrying value, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of equity securities with readily determinable fair values:


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
September 30, 2018 (in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

Freddie Mac preferred stock	$	—	$	332	$	—	$	332
Community Reinvestment Act mutual fund		2,500		—		(115)		2,385
Total equity securities with readily determinable fair values	$	2,500	$	332	$	(115)	$	2,717


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
December 31, 2017 (in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

Freddie Mac preferred stock	$	—	$	473	$	—	$	473
Community Reinvestment Act mutual fund		2,500		—		(45)		2,455
Total equity securities with readily determinable fair values	$	2,500	$	473	$	(45)	$	2,928

For equity securities with readily determinable fair values, the gross realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Gains (Losses) Recognized on Equity Securities						Gains (Losses) Recognized on Equity Securities
(in thousands)	Realized		Unrealized		Total		Realized		Unrealized		Total

Freddie Mac preferred stock	$	—	$	(57)	$	(57)	$	—	$	(141)	$	(141)
Community Reinvestment Act mutual fund		—		(19)		(19)		—		(70)		(70)
Total equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	—	$	(76)	$	(76)	$	—	$	(211)	$	(211)

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3. LOANS HELD FOR SALE

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank originates for sale mortgage loans and consumer loans. Mortgage loans originated for sale are primarily originated and sold into the secondary market through the Bank’s Mortgage Banking segment, while consumer loans originated for sale are originated and sold through the RCS segment.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale, at Fair Value

See additional detail regarding mortgage loans originated for sale, at fair value under Footnote 10 “Mortgage Banking Activities” of this section of the filing.

Consumer Loans Held for Sale, at Fair Value

From the first quarter of 2016 through the first quarter of 2018, the Bank continued to pilot a consumer installment-loan product across the United States using a third-party marketer/service. As part of the program, the Bank sold 100% of the balances generated through the program back to the third-party marketer/servicer approximately 21 days after origination. The Bank carried all unsold loans under the program as “held for sale” on the its balance sheet. At the initiation of this program in 2016, the Bank elected to carry these loans at fair value under a fair-value option, with the portfolio thereafter marked to market monthly.

The following is a rollforward of consumer loans held for sale and carried at fair value:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Balance, beginning of period	$	—	$	3,235	$	2,677	$	2,198
Origination of consumer loans held for sale		—		15,066		16,985		46,847
Loans transferred to held for investment		—		—		(2,237)		—
Proceeds from the sale of consumer loans held for sale		—		(15,115)		(17,039)		(45,988)
Net gain (loss) recognized on consumer loans held for sale		—		182		(386)		311
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	3,368	$	—	$	3,368

Consumer Loans Held for Sale, at the Lower of Cost or Fair Value

RCS originates balances for both a line-of-credit and a credit-card product. The Bank sells 90% of the balances maintained through these products within two days of transactional activity and retains a 10% interest. The line-of-credit product represents the substantial majority of balances retained as consumer loans held for sale that are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. During the third quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/servicer reached an agreement in concept to sell 100% of the existing credit-card portfolio to an unrelated third party. As a result, the Bank reclassified its 10% interest into a held-for-sale category and charged the entire RCS credit-card portfolio down to its estimated net realizable value. Gains or losses on the sale of RCS products are reported as a component of “Program fees.”

The following is a rollforward of consumer loans held for sale and carried at the lower of cost or market value:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Balance, beginning of period	$	13,684	$	2,464	$	8,551	$	1,310
Origination of consumer loans held for sale		209,462		164,815		565,886		407,997
Loans transferred from held for investment		1,392		—		1,392		—
Proceeds from the sale of consumer loans held for sale		(205,078)		(162,947)		(559,607)		(407,181)
Net gain on sale of consumer loans held for sale		1,577		1,352		4,815		3,558
Balance, end of period	$	21,037	$	5,684	$	21,037	$	5,684

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4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES

The following table presents ending loan balances at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	913,228	$	921,565
Owner occupied - correspondent*		99,096		116,792
Nonowner occupied		232,306		205,081
Commercial real estate		1,214,804		1,207,293
Construction & land development		174,043		150,065
Commercial & industrial		387,766		341,692
Lease financing receivables		15,229		16,580
Home equity		332,690		347,655
Consumer:
Credit cards		19,151		16,078
Overdrafts		983		974
Automobile loans		62,179		65,650
Other consumer		38,940		20,501
Total Traditional Banking		3,490,415		3,409,926
Warehouse lines of credit*		560,814		525,572
Total Core Banking		4,051,229		3,935,498

Republic Processing Group*:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—		—
Other TRS loans		292		11,648
Republic Credit Solutions		84,674		66,888
Total Republic Processing Group		84,966		78,536

Total loans**		4,136,195		4,014,034
Allowance for loan and lease losses		(43,824)		(42,769)

Total loans, net	$	4,092,371	$	3,971,265

*Identifies loans to borrowers located primarily outside of the Bank’s market footprint.

** Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts and net loan origination fees and costs. See table directly below for expanded detail.

The following table reconciles the contractually receivable and carrying amounts of loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Contractually receivable	$	4,135,623	$	4,014,673
Unearned income(1)		(1,164)		(1,157)
Unamortized premiums(2)		674		1,069
Unaccreted discounts(3)		(3,469)		(4,643)
Net unamortized deferred origination fees and costs(4)		4,531		4,092
Carrying value of loans	$	4,136,195	$	4,014,034

(1)

Unearned income relates to lease financing receivables.

(2)

Unamortized premiums predominately relate to loans acquired through the Bank’s Correspondent Lending channel.

(3)

Unaccreted discounts include accretable and non-accretable discounts and relate to loans acquired in the Bank’s 2016 Cornerstone acquisition and its 2012 FDIC-assisted transactions.

(4)

Primarily attributable to the Traditional Banking segment.

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Purchased-Credit-Impaired (“PCI”) Loans

The following table reconciles the contractually required and carrying amounts of all PCI loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Contractually required principal	$	4,653	$	5,435
Non-accretable amount		(1,593)		(1,691)
Accretable amount		(100)		(140)
Carrying value of loans	$	2,960	$	3,604

The following table presents a rollforward of the accretable amount on all PCI loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Balance, beginning of period	$	(100)	$	(3,333)	$	(140)	$	(3,600)
Transfers between non-accretable and accretable*		(168)		(44)		(409)		31
Net accretion into interest income on loans, including loan fees		168		1,684		449		1,876
Balance, end of period	$	(100)	$	(1,693)	$	(100)	$	(1,693)

* Transfers are primarily attributable to changes in estimated cash flows of the underlying loans.

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Credit Quality Indicators

The following tables present loans by risk category based on the Bank’s internal analyses performed as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Risk categories are defined in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017:


September 30, 2018			Special				Doubtful /		PCI Loans -		PCI Loans -		Total Rated
(in thousands)	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Loss		Group 1		Substandard		Loans*

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	—	$	15,067	$	13,307	$	—	$	173	$	1,518	$	30,065
Owner occupied - correspondent		—		—		386		—		—		—		386
Nonowner occupied		—		582		2,068		—		—		—		2,650
Commercial real estate		1,203,903		5,911		3,851		—		1,139		—		1,214,804
Construction & land development		173,920		—		123		—		—		—		174,043
Commercial & industrial		386,010		1,088		648		—		20		—		387,766
Lease financing receivables		15,229		—		—		—		—		—		15,229
Home equity		—		—		1,482		—		5		103		1,590
Consumer:
Credit cards		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Overdrafts		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Automobile loans		—		—		156		—		—		—		156
Other consumer		—		—		490		—		—		2		492
Total Traditional Banking		1,779,062		22,648		22,511		—		1,337		1,623		1,827,181
Warehouse lines of credit		560,814		—		—		—		—		—		560,814
Total Core Banking		2,339,876		22,648		22,511		—		1,337		1,623		2,387,995

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other TRS loans		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Republic Credit Solutions		—		—		298		—		—		—		298
Total Republic Processing Group		—		—		298		—		—		—		298

Total rated loans	$	2,339,876	$	22,648	$	22,809	$	—	$	1,337	$	1,623	$	2,388,293


December 31, 2017			Special				Doubtful /		PCI Loans -		PCI Loans -		Total Rated
(in thousands)	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Loss		Group 1		Substandard		Loans*

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	—	$	18,054	$	12,056	$	—	$	180	$	1,658	$	31,948
Owner occupied - correspondent		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Nonowner occupied		—		635		1,240		—		248		—		2,123
Commercial real estate		1,197,299		4,824		3,798		—		1,372		—		1,207,293
Construction & land development		149,332		—		733		—		—		—		150,065
Commercial & industrial		341,377		267		21		—		27		—		341,692
Lease financing receivables		16,580		—		—		—		—		—		16,580
Home equity		—		33		1,609		—		6		110		1,758
Consumer:
Credit cards		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Overdrafts		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Automobile loans		—		—		108		—		—		—		108
Other consumer		—		—		571		—		—		3		574
Total Traditional Banking		1,704,588		23,813		20,136		—		1,833		1,771		1,752,141
Warehouse lines of credit		525,572		—		—		—		—		—		525,572
Total Core Banking		2,230,160		23,813		20,136		—		1,833		1,771		2,277,713

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other TRS loans		11,648		—		—		—		—		—		11,648
Republic Credit Solutions		—		—		1,066		—		—		—		1,066
Total Republic Processing Group		11,648		—		1,066		—		—		—		12,714

Total rated loans	$	2,241,808	$	23,813	$	21,202	$	—	$	1,833	$	1,771	$	2,290,427

*The above tables exclude all non-classified residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans at the respective period ends.

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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The following table presents the activity in the Allowance by portfolio class:


	Allowance Rollforward
	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018										2017
	Beginning				Charge-				Ending		Beginning				Charge-				Ending
(in thousands)	Balance		Provision		offs		Recoveries		Balance		Balance		Provision		offs		Recoveries		Balance

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	6,035	$	(136)	$	(46)	$	18	$	5,871	$	6,740	$	(222)	$	(52)	$	107	$	6,573
Owner occupied - correspondent		263		(15)		—		—		248		324		(10)		—		—		314
Nonowner occupied		1,552		42		(1)		—		1,593		1,237		100		—		—		1,337
Commercial real estate		9,815		187		—		1		10,003		8,368		325		—		77		8,770
Construction & land development		2,825		(160)		—		3		2,668		2,508		(435)		—		3		2,076
Commercial & industrial		2,318		281		(75)		4		2,528		1,682		388		(152)		12		1,930
Lease financing receivables		160		—		—		—		160		151		11		—		—		162
Home equity		3,658		(81)		(14)		59		3,622		3,787		14		(4)		51		3,848
Consumer:
Credit cards		805		148		(94)		9		868		588		50		(38)		6		606
Overdrafts		878		372		(332)		65		983		806		311		(276)		51		892
Automobile loans		664		110		(7)		2		769		640		40		(12)		1		669
Other consumer		776		(52)		(102)		70		692		918		111		(155)		67		941
Total Traditional Banking		29,749		696		(671)		231		30,005		27,749		683		(689)		375		28,118
Warehouse lines of credit		1,585		(183)		—		—		1,402		1,502		(74)		—		—		1,428
Total Core Banking		31,334		513		(671)		231		31,407		29,251		609		(689)		375		29,546

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—		(1,036)		—		1,036		—		—		(840)		—		840		—
Other TRS loans		67		8		—		—		75		—		—		—		—		—
Republic Credit Solutions		13,646		4,592		(6,204)		308		12,342		8,647		4,452		(2,680)		226		10,645
Total Republic Processing Group		13,713		3,564		(6,204)		1,344		12,417		8,647		3,612		(2,680)		1,066		10,645

Total	$	45,047	$	4,077	$	(6,875)	$	1,575	$	43,824	$	37,898	$	4,221	$	(3,369)	$	1,441	$	40,191

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	Allowance Rollforward
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018										2017
	Beginning				Charge-				Ending		Beginning				Charge-				Ending
(in thousands)	Balance		Provision		offs		Recoveries		Balance		Balance		Provision		offs		Recoveries		Balance

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	6,182	$	(443)	$	(85)	$	217	$	5,871	$	7,158	$	(653)	$	(163)	$	231	$	6,573
Owner occupied - correspondent		292		(44)		—		—		248		373		(59)		—		—		314
Nonowner occupied		1,396		491		(320)		26		1,593		1,139		212		(14)		—		1,337
Commercial real estate		9,043		831		—		129		10,003		8,078		577		—		115		8,770
Construction & land development		2,364		274		—		30		2,668		1,850		222		—		4		2,076
Commercial & industrial		2,198		491		(200)		39		2,528		1,511		537		(152)		34		1,930
Lease financing receivables		174		(14)		—		—		160		136		26		—		—		162
Home equity		3,754		(372)		(48)		288		3,622		3,757		62		(99)		128		3,848
Consumer:
Credit cards		607		507		(282)		36		868		490		181		(86)		21		606
Overdrafts		974		685		(891)		215		983		675		731		(687)		173		892
Automobile loans		687		90		(11)		3		769		526		160		(19)		2		669
Other consumer		1,162		(338)		(358)		226		692		771		615		(691)		246		941
Total Traditional Banking		28,833		2,158		(2,195)		1,209		30,005		26,464		2,611		(1,911)		954		28,118
Warehouse lines of credit		1,314		88		—		—		1,402		1,464		(36)		—		—		1,428
Total Core Banking		30,147		2,246		(2,195)		1,209		31,407		27,928		2,575		(1,911)		954		29,546

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—		11,360		(12,478)		1,118		—		—		7,041		(8,123)		1,082		—
Other TRS loans		12		113		(55)		5		75		25		(278)		—		253		—
Republic Credit Solutions		12,610		12,545		(13,669)		856		12,342		4,967		12,295		(7,216)		599		10,645
Total Republic Processing Group		12,622		24,018		(26,202)		1,979		12,417		4,992		19,058		(15,339)		1,934		10,645

Total	$	42,769	$	26,264	$	(28,397)	$	3,188	$	43,824	$	32,920	$	21,633	$	(17,250)	$	2,888	$	40,191

Nonperforming Loans and Nonperforming Assets

Detail of nonperforming loans, nonperforming assets and select credit quality ratios follows:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017

Loans on nonaccrual status*	$	17,015		$	14,118
Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual**		254			956
Total nonperforming loans		17,269			15,074
Other real estate owned		70			115
Total nonperforming assets	$	17,339		$	15,189

Credit Quality Ratios - Total Company:

Nonperforming loans to total loans		0.42	%		0.38	%
Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO)		0.42			0.38
Nonperforming assets to total assets		0.33			0.30

Credit Quality Ratios - Core Bank:

Nonperforming loans to total loans		0.42	%		0.36	%
Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO)		0.42			0.36
Nonperforming assets to total assets		0.33			0.28

*Loans on nonaccrual status include impaired loans.

**Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing consist of smaller-balance consumer loans.

Table of Contents

The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual by class of loans:


					Past Due 90-Days-or-More
	Nonaccrual				and Still Accruing Interest*
(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	11,208	$	9,230	$	—	$	—
Owner occupied - correspondent		386		—		—		—
Nonowner occupied		681		257		—		—
Commercial real estate		3,165		3,247		—		—
Construction & land development		55		67		—		—
Commercial & industrial		629		—		—		—
Lease financing receivables		—		—		—		—
Home equity		769		1,217		—		—
Consumer:
Credit cards		—		—		—		—
Overdrafts		—		—		—		—
Automobile loans		98		68		—		—
Other consumer		24		32		5		19
Total Traditional Banking		17,015		14,118		5		19
Warehouse lines of credit		—		—		—		—
Total Core Banking		17,015		14,118		5		19

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—		—		—		—
Other TRS loans		—		—		—		—
Republic Credit Solutions		—		—		249		937
Total Republic Processing Group		—		—		249		937

Total	$	17,015	$	14,118	$	254	$	956

* Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing consist of smaller-balance consumer loans.

Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual include both smaller-balance, primarily retail, homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans. Nonaccrual loans are typically returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and held current for six consecutive months and future contractual payments are reasonably assured. Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) on nonaccrual status are reviewed for return to accrual status on an individual basis, with additional consideration given to performance under the modified terms.

Table of Contents

Delinquent Loans

The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in loans by class of loans:


	30 - 59			60 - 89			90 or More
September 30, 2018	Days			Days			Days			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Delinquent			Delinquent			Delinquent*			Delinquent**			Current		Total

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	2,182		$	2,161		$	3,121		$	7,464		$	905,764	$	913,228
Owner occupied - correspondent		—			—			—			—			99,096		99,096
Nonowner occupied		29			501			73			603			231,703		232,306
Commercial real estate		225			—			1,217			1,442			1,213,362		1,214,804
Construction & land development		332			—			—			332			173,711		174,043
Commercial & industrial		28			—			—			28			387,738		387,766
Lease financing receivables											—			15,229		15,229
Home equity		1,010			229			180			1,419			331,271		332,690
Consumer:
Credit cards		62			81			—			143			19,008		19,151
Overdrafts		251			7			1			259			724		983
Automobile loans		31			—			61			92			62,087		62,179
Other consumer		44			8			6			58			38,882		38,940
Total Traditional Banking		4,194			2,987			4,659			11,840			3,478,575		3,490,415
Warehouse lines of credit		—			—			—			—			560,814		560,814
Total Core Banking		4,194			2,987			4,659			11,840			4,039,389		4,051,229

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—			—			—			—			—		—
Other TRS loans		—			—			—			—			292		292
Republic Credit Solutions		4,703			1,034			249			5,986			78,688		84,674
Total Republic Processing Group		4,703			1,034			249			5,986			78,980		84,966

Total	$	8,897		$	4,021		$	4,908		$	17,826		$	4,118,369	$	4,136,195
Delinquency ratio***		0.22	%		0.10	%		0.12	%		0.43	%

* All loans past due 90-days-or-more, excluding smaller-balance consumer loans, were on nonaccrual status.

** Delinquent status may be determined by either the number of days past due or number of payments past due.

*** Represents total loans 30-days-or-more past due by aging category divided by total loans.

Table of Contents


	30 - 59			60 - 89			90 or More
December 31, 2017	Days			Days			Days			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Delinquent			Delinquent			Delinquent*			Delinquent**			Current		Total

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	2,559		$	1,166		$	1,057		$	4,782		$	916,783	$	921,565
Owner occupied - correspondent		—			—			—			—			116,792		116,792
Nonowner occupied		47			—			99			146			204,935		205,081
Commercial real estate		398			—			1,329			1,727			1,205,566		1,207,293
Construction & land development		67			—			—			67			149,998		150,065
Commercial & industrial		15			—			—			15			341,677		341,692
Lease financing receivables		—			—			—			—			16,580		16,580
Home equity		723			50			448			1,221			346,434		347,655
Consumer:
Credit cards		34			40			—			74			16,004		16,078
Overdrafts		230			3			—			233			741		974
Automobile loans		36			—			24			60			65,590		65,650
Other consumer		93			21			21			135			20,366		20,501
Total Traditional Banking		4,202			1,280			2,978			8,460			3,401,466		3,409,926
Warehouse lines of credit		—			—			—			—			525,572		525,572
Total Core Banking		4,202			1,280			2,978			8,460			3,927,038		3,935,498

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—			—			—			—			—		—
Other TRS loans		—			—			—			—			11,648		11,648
Republic Credit Solutions		3,631			1,073			937			5,641			61,247		66,888
Total Republic Processing Group		3,631			1,073			937			5,641			72,895		78,536

Total	$	7,833		$	2,353		$	3,915		$	14,101		$	3,999,933	$	4,014,034
Delinquency ratio***		0.20	%		0.06	%		0.10	%		0.35	%

* All loans past due 90-days-or-more, excluding smaller-balance consumer loans, were on nonaccrual status.

** Delinquent status may be determined by either the number of days past due or number of payments past due.

*** Represents total loans 30-days-or-more past due by aging category divided by total loans.

Impaired Loans

Information regarding the Bank’s impaired loans follows:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Loans with no allocated Allowance	$	20,134	$	18,540
Loans with allocated Allowance		25,104		27,076
Total recorded investment in impaired loans	$	45,238	$	45,616

Amount of the allocated Allowance	$	4,049	$	4,685

Approximately $3 million and $4 million of impaired loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were PCI loans. Approximately $2 million and $2 million of impaired loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were formerly PCI loans that became classified as “impaired” through a post-acquisition troubled debt restructuring.

Table of Contents

The following tables present the balance in the Allowance and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio class based on impairment method as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


	Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses								Loans
	Individually				PCI with				Individually				PCI with		PCI without
September 30, 2018	Evaluated		Collectively		Post-Acquisition		Total		Evaluated		Collectively		Post-Acquisition		Post-Acquisition		Total		Allowance to
(dollars in thousands)	Excluding PCI		Evaluated		Impairment		Allowance		Excluding PCI		Evaluated		Impairment		Impairment		Loans		Total Loans

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	2,277	$	3,411	$	183	$	5,871	$	26,991	$	884,547	$	1,690	$	—	$	913,228		0.64	%
Owner occupied - correspondent		—		248		—		248		386		98,710		—		—		99,096		0.25
Nonowner occupied		8		1,585		—		1,593		2,592		229,714		—		—		232,306		0.69
Commercial real estate		374		9,618		11		10,003		9,006		1,204,659		1,137		2		1,214,804		0.82
Construction & land development		62		2,606		—		2,668		123		173,920		—		—		174,043		1.53
Commercial & industrial		20		2,508		—		2,528		1,048		386,698		—		20		387,766		0.65
Lease financing receivables		—		160		—		160		—		15,229		—		—		15,229		1.05
Home equity		402		3,116		104		3,622		1,482		331,100		108		—		332,690		1.09
Consumer:
Credit cards		—		868		—		868		—		19,151		—		—		19,151		4.53
Overdrafts		—		983		—		983		—		983		—		—		983		100.00
Automobile loans		156		613		—		769		156		62,023		—		—		62,179		1.24
Other consumer		431		258		3		692		468		38,469		3		—		38,940		1.78
Total Traditional Banking		3,730		25,974		301		30,005		42,252		3,445,203		2,938		22		3,490,415		0.86
Warehouse lines of credit		—		1,402		—		1,402		—		560,814		—		—		560,814		0.25
Total Core Banking		3,730		27,376		301		31,407		42,252		4,006,017		2,938		22		4,051,229		0.78

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other TRS loans		—		75		—		75		—		292		—		—		292		25.68
Republic Credit Solutions		18		12,324		—		12,342		48		84,626		—		—		84,674		14.58
Total Republic Processing Group		18		12,399		—		12,417		48		84,918		—		—		84,966		14.61
Total	$	3,748	$	39,775	$	301	$	43,824	$	42,300	$	4,090,935	$	2,938	$	22	$	4,136,195		1.06	%


	Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses								Loans
	Individually				PCI with				Individually				PCI with		PCI without
December 31, 2017	Evaluated		Collectively		Post-Acquisition		Total		Evaluated		Collectively		Post-Acquisition		Post-Acquisition		Total		Allowance to
(dollars in thousands)	Excluding PCI		Evaluated		Impairment		Allowance		Excluding PCI		Evaluated		Impairment		Impairment		Loans		Total Loans

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	2,361	$	3,501	$	320	$	6,182	$	27,605	$	892,122	$	1,838	$	—	$	921,565		0.67	%
Owner occupied - correspondent		—		292		—		292		—		116,792		—		—		116,792		0.25
Nonowner occupied		4		1,390		2		1,396		1,814		203,019		248		—		205,081		0.68
Commercial real estate		407		8,588		48		9,043		9,185		1,196,736		1,369		3		1,207,293		0.75
Construction & land development		107		2,257		—		2,364		733		149,332		—		—		150,065		1.58
Commercial & industrial		288		1,910		—		2,198		308		341,357		—		27		341,692		0.64
Lease financing receivables		—		174		—		174		—		16,580		—		—		16,580		1.05
Home equity		425		3,218		111		3,754		1,609		345,930		115		1		347,655		1.08
Consumer:
Credit cards		—		607		—		607		—		16,078		—		—		16,078		3.78
Overdrafts		—		974		—		974		—		974		—		—		974		100.00
Automobile loans		32		655		—		687		108		65,542		—		—		65,650		1.05
Other consumer		528		631		3		1,162		552		19,946		3		—		20,501		5.67
Total Traditional Banking		4,152		24,197		484		28,833		41,914		3,364,408		3,573		31		3,409,926		0.85
Warehouse lines of credit		—		1,314		—		1,314		—		525,572		—		—		525,572		0.25
Total Core Banking		4,152		25,511		484		30,147		41,914		3,889,980		3,573		31		3,935,498		0.77

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other TRS loans		—		12		—		12		—		11,648		—		—		11,648		0.10
Republic Credit Solutions		49		12,561		—		12,610		129		66,759		—		—		66,888		18.85
Total Republic Processing Group		49		12,573		—		12,622		129		78,407		—		—		78,536		16.07
Total	$	4,201	$	38,084	$	484	$	42,769	$	42,043	$	3,968,387	$	3,573	$	31	$	4,014,034		1.07	%

Table of Contents

The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The difference between the “Unpaid Principal Balance” and “Recorded Investment” columns represents life-to-date partial write downs/charge offs taken on individual impaired credits.


	As of						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018						September 30, 2018						September 30, 2018
											Cash Basis						Cash Basis
	Unpaid						Average		Interest		Interest		Average		Interest		Interest
	Principal		Recorded		Allocated		Recorded		Income		Income		Recorded		Income		Income
(in thousands)	Balance		Investment		Allowance		Investment		Recognized		Recognized		Investment		Recognized		Recognized

Impaired loans with no allocated Allowance:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	11,013	$	10,428	$	—	$	11,098	$	55	$	—	$	10,839	$	165	$	—
Owner occupied - correspondent		386		386		—		388		—		—		290		—		—
Nonowner occupied		2,874		2,495		—		2,572		22		—		2,399		65		—
Commercial real estate		6,388		5,314		—		5,489		31		—		4,996		88		—
Construction & land development		—		—		—		—		—		—		267		—		—
Commercial & industrial		1,136		1,028		—		852		7		—		609		23		—
Lease financing receivables		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity		461		444		—		589		2		—		708		6		—
Consumer		39		39		—		55		1		—		47		2		—
Impaired loans with allocated Allowance:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied		18,315		18,253		2,460		18,094		152		—		18,467		448		—
Owner occupied - correspondent		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Nonowner occupied		108		97		8		83		1		—		211		3		—
Commercial real estate		4,829		4,829		385		5,368		53		—		5,922		160		—
Construction & land development		123		123		62		126		1		—		132		2		—
Commercial & industrial		20		20		20		64		—		—		126		1		—
Lease financing receivables		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity		1,147		1,146		506		1,134		10		—		968		29		—
Consumer		636		636		608		648		6		—		684		18		—
Total impaired loans	$	47,475	$	45,238	$	4,049	$	46,560	$	341	$	—	$	46,665	$	1,010	$	—


	As of						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	December 31, 2017						September 30, 2017						September 30, 2017
											Cash Basis						Cash Basis
	Unpaid						Average		Interest		Interest		Average		Interest		Interest
	Principal		Recorded		Allocated		Recorded		Income		Income		Recorded		Income		Income
(in thousands)	Balance		Investment		Allowance		Investment		Recognized		Recognized		Investment		Recognized		Recognized

Impaired loans with no allocated Allowance:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	11,664	$	10,789	$	—	$	11,166	$	39	$	—	$	11,713	$	117	$	—
Owner occupied - correspondent		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Nonowner occupied		1,784		1,704		—		1,494		23		—		1,444		62		—
Commercial real estate		5,504		4,430		—		5,127		19		—		5,140		58		—
Construction & land development		591		591		—		597		7		—		537		22		—
Commercial & industrial		20		20		—		195		—		—		128		1		—
Lease financing receivables		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity		1,071		981		—		1,213		2		—		1,281		10		—
Consumer		25		25		—		92		2		—		67		5		—
Impaired loans with allocated Allowance:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied		18,676		18,654		2,681		20,682		177		—		20,943		529		—
Owner occupied - correspondent		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Nonowner occupied		361		358		6		410		5		—		450		15		—
Commercial real estate		6,124		6,124		455		4,895		66		—		5,819		196		—
Construction & land development		142		142		107		149		1		—		275		3		—
Commercial & industrial		288		288		288		230		2		—		308		7		—
Lease financing receivables		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity		743		743		536		834		—		—		820		11		—
Consumer		767		767		612		349		2		—		206		8		—
Total impaired loans	$	47,760	$	45,616	$	4,685	$	47,433	$	345	$	—	$	49,131	$	1,044	$	—

Table of Contents

Troubled Debt Restructurings

A TDR is a situation where, due to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Bank grants a concession to the borrower that the Bank would not otherwise have considered. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of their debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed in accordance with the Bank’s internal underwriting policy.

All TDRs are considered “Impaired,” including PCI loans subsequently restructured. The majority of the Bank’s commercial related and construction TDRs involve a restructuring of financing terms such as a reduction in the payment amount to require only interest and escrow (if required) and/or extending the maturity date of the debt. The substantial majority of the Bank’s residential real estate TDR concessions involve reducing the client’s loan payment through a rate reduction for a set period based on the borrower’s ability to service the modified loan payment. Retail loans may also be classified as TDRs due to legal modifications, such as bankruptcies.

Nonaccrual loans modified as TDRs typically remain on nonaccrual status and continue to be reported as nonperforming loans for a minimum of six consecutive months. Accruing loans modified as TDRs are evaluated for nonaccrual status based on a current evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and ability and willingness to service the modified debt. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $10 million and $6 million of TDRs were on nonaccrual status.

Detail of TDRs differentiated by loan type and accrual status follows:


	Troubled Debt			Troubled Debt			Total
	Restructurings on			Restructurings on			Troubled Debt
	Nonaccrual Status			Accrual Status			Restructurings
	Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded
September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands)	Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment
Residential real estate	64	$	7,538	163	$	17,848	227	$	25,386
Commercial real estate	3		1,262	14		6,392	17		7,654
Construction & land development	1		54	1		68	2		122
Commercial & industrial	2		629	3		410	5		1,039
Consumer	1		41	281		471	282		512
Total troubled debt restructurings	71	$	9,524	462	$	25,189	533	$	34,713


	Troubled Debt			Troubled Debt			Total
	Restructurings on			Restructurings on			Troubled Debt
	Nonaccrual Status			Accrual Status			Restructurings
	Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded
December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands)	Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment
Residential real estate	62	$	4,926	183	$	20,189	245	$	25,115
Commercial real estate	2		1,366	14		6,499	16		7,865
Construction & land development	1		67	3		666	4		733
Commercial & industrial	—		—	2		287	2		287
Consumer	—		—	830		637	830		637
Total troubled debt restructurings	65	$	6,359	1,032	$	28,278	1,097	$	34,637

Table of Contents

The Bank considers a TDR to be performing to its modified terms if the loan is not past due 30-days-or-more as of the reporting date. A summary of the categories of TDR loan modifications outstanding and respective performance under modified terms at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 follows:


	Troubled Debt			Troubled Debt
	Restructurings			Restructurings			Total
	Performing to			Not Performing to			Troubled Debt
	Modified Terms			Modified Terms			Restructurings
	Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded
September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands)	Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment
Residential real estate loans (including home equity loans):
Interest only payments	—	$	—	1	$	1,200	1	$	1,200
Rate reduction	148		16,594	16		2,188	164		18,782
Principal deferral	10		1,248	5		2,181	15		3,429
Legal modification	38		1,651	9		324	47		1,975
Total residential TDRs	196		19,493	31		5,893	227		25,386

Commercial related and construction/land development loans:
Interest only payments	2		768	—		—	2		768
Rate reduction	8		3,076	—		—	8		3,076
Principal deferral	14		4,971	—		—	14		4,971
Total commercial TDRs	24		8,815	—		—	24		8,815

Consumer loans:
Rate reduction	1		16	—		—	1		16
Principal deferral	279		436	—		—	279		436
Legal modification	—		—	2		60	2		60
Total consumer TDRs	280		452	2		60	282		512

Total troubled debt restructurings	500	$	28,760	33	$	5,953	533	$	34,713


	Troubled Debt			Troubled Debt
	Restructurings			Restructurings			Total
	Performing to			Not Performing to			Troubled Debt
	Modified Terms			Modified Terms			Restructurings
	Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded
December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands)	Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment
Residential real estate loans (including home equity loans):
Interest only payments	2	$	463	—	$	—	2	$	463
Rate reduction	161		18,777	17		1,902	178		20,679
Principal deferral	14		1,455	2		121	16		1,576
Legal modification	42		1,997	7		400	49		2,397
Total residential TDRs	219		22,692	26		2,423	245		25,115

Commercial related and construction/land development loans:
Interest only payments	3		837	—		—	3		837
Rate reduction	7		3,185	1		79	8		3,264
Principal deferral	9		3,430	2		1,354	11		4,784
Total commercial TDRs	19		7,452	3		1,433	22		8,885

Consumer loans:
Principal deferral	830		637	—		—	830		637
Total troubled debt restructurings	1,068	$	30,781	29	$	3,856	1,097	$	34,637

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As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 83% and 89% of the Bank’s TDRs were performing according to their modified terms. The Bank provided $3 million and $4 million of specific reserve allocations to clients whose loan terms have been modified in TDRs as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Bank had no commitments to lend any additional material amounts to its existing TDR relationships at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

A summary of the categories of TDR loan modifications by respective performance as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 that were modified during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 follows:


	Troubled Debt			Troubled Debt
	Restructurings			Restructurings			Total
	Performing to			Not Performing to			Troubled Debt
	Modified Terms			Modified Terms			Restructurings
	Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded
September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands)	Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment
Residential real estate loans (including home equity loans):
Legal modification	—	$	—	1	$	18	1	$	18
Total residential TDRs	—		—	1		18	1		18

Commercial related and construction/land development loans:
Principal deferral	2		433	—		1	2		434
Total commercial TDRs	2		433	—		1	2		434

Consumer loans:
Legal modification	—		—	2		60	2		60
Total consumer TDRs	—		—	2		60	2		60

Total troubled debt restructurings	2	$	433	3	$	79	5	$	512


	Troubled Debt			Troubled Debt
	Restructurings			Restructurings			Total
	Performing to			Not Performing to			Troubled Debt
	Modified Terms			Modified Terms			Restructurings
	Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded
September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands)	Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment
Residential real estate loans (including home equity loans):
Principal deferral	7	$	701	—	$	—	7	$	701
Legal modification	6		337	1		131	7		468
Total residential TDRs	13		1,038	1		131	14		1,169

Commercial related and construction/land development loans:
Principal deferral	1		242	—		—	1		242
Total commercial TDRs	1		242	—		—	1		242

Total troubled debt restructurings	14	$	1,280	1	$	131	15	$	1,411

The tables above are inclusive of loans that were TDRs at the end of previous periods and were re-modified, e.g., a maturity date extension during the current period.

As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, 85% and 91% of the Bank’s TDRs that occurred during the third quarters of 2018 and 2017 were performing according to their modified terms. The Bank provided approximately $78,000 and $155,000 in specific reserve allocations to clients whose loan terms were modified in TDRs during the third quarters of 2018 and 2017.

There was no significant change between the pre and post modification loan balances for the three months ending September 30, 2018 and 2017.

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A summary of the categories of TDR loan modifications by respective performance as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 that were modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 follows:


	Troubled Debt			Troubled Debt
	Restructurings			Restructurings			Total
	Performing to			Not Performing to			Troubled Debt
	Modified Terms			Modified Terms			Restructurings
	Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded
September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands)	Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment
Residential real estate loans (including home equity loans):
Interest only payments	—	$	—	1	$	1,200	1	$	1,200
Rate reduction	1		386	1		85	2		471
Principal deferral	1		15	3		2,151	4		2,166
Legal modification	6		90	3		190	9		280
Total residential TDRs	8		491	8		3,626	16		4,117

Commercial related and construction/land development loans:
Principal deferral	5		1,071	—		—	5		1,071
Total commercial TDRs	5		1,071	—		—	5		1,071

Consumer loans:
Principal deferral	1		54	—		—	1		54
Legal modification	—		—	2		60	2		60
Total consumer TDRs	1		54	2		60	3		114

Total troubled debt restructurings	14	$	1,616	10	$	3,686	24	$	5,302


	Troubled Debt			Troubled Debt
	Restructurings			Restructurings			Total
	Performing to			Not Performing to			Troubled Debt
	Modified Terms			Modified Terms			Restructurings
	Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded
September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands)	Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment
Residential real estate loans (including home equity loans):
Rate reduction	1	$	220	—	$	—	1	$	220
Principal deferral	9		1,506	—		—	9		1,506
Legal modification	6		337	1		131	7		468
Total residential TDRs	16		2,063	1		131	17		2,194
Commercial related and construction/land development loans:
Principal deferral	1		242	—		—	1		242
Total commercial TDRs	1		242	—		—	1		242

Total troubled debt restructurings	17	$	2,305	1	$	131	18	$	2,436

The tables above are inclusive of loans that were TDRs at the end of previous periods and were re-modified, e.g., a maturity date extension during the current period.

As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, 30% and 95% of the Bank’s TDRs that occurred during the first nine months of 2018 and 2017 were performing according to their modified terms. The Bank provided approximately $577,000 and $186,000 in specific reserve allocations to clients whose loan terms were modified in TDRs during the first nine months of 2018 and 2017.

There was no significant change between the pre and post modification loan balances for the nine months ending September 30, 2018 and 2017.

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The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings within the previous 12 months of September 30, 2018 and 2017 and for which there was a payment default during the three and/or nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
		Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Number of	Recorded
(dollars in thousands)	Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment		Loans	Investment

Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	6	$	3,386	1	$	131	7	$	3,552	1	$	131
Home equity	1		74	—		—	1		74	—		—
Consumer	2		60	—		—	2		60	—		—

Total	9	$	3,520	1	$	131	10	$	3,686	1	$	131

Foreclosures

The following table presents the carrying amount of foreclosed properties held at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 as a result of the Bank obtaining physical possession of such properties:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Residential real estate	$	70	$	115

Total other real estate owned	$	70	$	115

The following table presents the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Recorded investment in consumer residential real estate mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure	$	4,561	$	1,392

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Easy Advances

The Company’s TRS segment offered its EA product during the first two months of 2018 and 2017. The Company based its estimated provision for EA losses on current year EA delinquency information and prior year IRS funding patterns. Each year, all unpaid EAs are charged-off by the end of the second quarter.

Information regarding EAs follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018			2017

Easy Advances originated	$	—	$	—	$	430,210		$	328,523
Net Charge (Credit) to the Provision for Easy Advances		(1,036)		(840)		11,360			7,041
Provision to total Easy Advances originated		NA		NA		2.64	%		2.14	%
Easy Advances net charge-offs	$	(1,036)	$	(840)	$	11,360		$	7,041
Easy Advances net charge-offs to total Easy Advances originated		NA		NA		2.64	%		2.14	%

NA - Not applicable

5. DEPOSITS

The following table presents ending deposit balances at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Core Bank:
Demand	$	932,474	$	944,812
Money market accounts		662,122		546,998
Savings		191,619		182,800
Individual retirement accounts(1)		52,447		47,982
Time deposits, $250 and over(1)		81,197		77,891
Other certificates of deposit(1)		229,074		189,661
Reciprocal money market and time deposits(1)(2)		292,103		373,242
Brokered deposits(1)		21,770		46,089
Total Core Bank interest-bearing deposits		2,462,806		2,409,475
Total Core Bank noninterest-bearing deposits		1,056,916		988,537
Total Core Bank deposits		3,519,722		3,398,012

Republic Processing Group ("RPG"):
Money market accounts		418		1,641
Total RPG interest-bearing deposits		418		1,641

Brokered prepaid card deposits		4,207		1,509
Other noninterest-bearing deposits		42,338		31,996
Total RPG noninterest-bearing deposits		46,545		33,505
Total RPG deposits		46,963		35,146

Total deposits	$	3,566,685	$	3,433,158

(1)

Represents a time deposit.

(2)

Prior to June 2018, reciprocal deposits were classified as “brokered deposits.” The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, enacted in May 2018, provides that most reciprocal deposits are no longer classified as brokered deposits if the Bank meets certain regulatory criteria.

(3)

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6. SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE AND OTHER SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase consist of short-term excess funds from correspondent banks, repurchase agreements and overnight liabilities to deposit clients arising from the Bank’s treasury management program. While comparable to deposits in their transactional nature, these overnight liabilities to clients are in the form of repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements collateralized by securities are treated as financings; accordingly, the securities involved with the agreements are recorded as assets and are held by a safekeeping agent and the obligations to repurchase the securities are reflected as liabilities. Should the fair value of currently pledged securities fall below the associated repurchase agreements, the Bank would be required to pledge additional securities. To mitigate the risk of under collateralization, the Bank typically pledges at least two percent more in securities than the associated repurchase agreements. All such securities are under the Bank’s control.

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all securities sold under agreements to repurchase had overnight maturities. The following tables present additional information regarding securities sold under agreements to repurchase:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017

Outstanding balance at end of period	$	163,768		$	204,021
Weighted average interest rate at end of period		0.74	%		0.31	%

Fair value of securities pledged:
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies	$	169,179		$	71,824
Mortgage backed securities - residential		35,080			83,452
Collateralized mortgage obligations		22,506			84,693
Total securities pledged	$	226,765		$	239,969


	Three Months Ended							Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017

Average outstanding balance during the period	$	213,195		$	208,160		$	216,070		$	202,018
Average interest rate during the period		0.59	%		0.31	%		0.46	%		0.22	%
Maximum outstanding at any month end during the period	$	163,768		$	173,311		$	215,281		$	183,709

7. FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ADVANCES

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, FHLB advances were as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Overnight advances	$	395,000	$	330,000
Variable interest rate advance indexed to 3-Month LIBOR plus 0.14%		10,000		10,000
Fixed interest rate advances		310,000		397,500
Total FHLB advances	$	715,000	$	737,500

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Each FHLB advance is payable at its maturity date, with a prepayment penalty for fixed rate advances that are paid off earlier than maturity. FHLB advances are collateralized by a blanket pledge of eligible real estate loans. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, Republic had available borrowing capacity of $347 million and $347 million, respectively, from the FHLB. In addition to its borrowing capacity with the FHLB, Republic also had unsecured lines of credit totaling $125 million and $125 million available through various other financial institutions as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

As of September 30, 2018, aggregate future principal payments on FHLB advances based on contractual maturity and the weighted average cost of such advances are detailed below:


			Weighted
			Average
Year (dollars in thousands)	Principal		Rate

Remainder of 2018 (Overnight)	$	395,000	2.21	%
Remainder of 2018 (Term)		40,000	1.94
2019		100,000	1.80
2020		120,000	1.81
2021		30,000	1.93
2022		20,000	2.12
2023		10,000	2.14
Thereafter		—	—
Total	$	715,000	2.05	%

Due to their short term, the Bank considers average balance information more meaningful than period-end balances for its overnight borrowings from the FHLB. Information regarding overnight FHLB advances follows:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017

Outstanding balance at end of period	$	395,000		$	330,000
Weighted average interest rate at end of period		2.21	%		1.42	%


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017

Average outstanding balance during the period	$	229,185		$	224,402		$	200,421		$	149,707
Average interest rate during the period		2.02	%		1.17	%		1.84	%		1.03	%
Maximum outstanding at any month end during the period	$	395,000		$	350,000		$	560,000		$	625,000

The following table illustrates real estate loans pledged to collateralize advances and letters of credit with the FHLB:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

First lien, single family residential real estate	$	1,128,563	$	1,123,402
Home equity lines of credit		310,561		320,649

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8. OFF BALANCE SHEET RISKS, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

The Company, in the normal course of business, is party to financial instruments with off balance sheet risk. These financial instruments primarily include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. The contract or notional amounts of these instruments reflect the potential future obligations of the Company pursuant to those financial instruments. Creditworthiness for all instruments is evaluated on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the Company’s credit policies. Collateral from the client may be required based on the Company’s credit evaluation of the client and may include business assets of commercial clients, as well as personal property and real estate of individual clients or guarantors.

The Company also extends binding commitments to clients and prospective clients. Such commitments assure a borrower of financing for a specified period of time at a specified rate. Additionally, the Company makes binding purchase commitments to third-party loan correspondent originators. These commitments assure that the Company will purchase a loan from such correspondent originators at a specific price for a specific period of time. The risk to the Company under such loan commitments is limited by the terms of the contracts. For example, the Company may not be obligated to advance funds if the client’s financial condition deteriorates or if the client fails to meet specific covenants.

An approved but unfunded loan commitment represents a potential credit risk and a liquidity risk, since the Company’s client(s) may demand immediate cash that would require funding. In addition, unfunded loan commitments represent interest rate risk as market interest rates may rise above the rate committed to the Company’s client. Since a portion of these loan commitments normally expire unused, the total amount of outstanding commitments at any point in time may not require future funding.

The following table presents the Company’s commitments, exclusive of Mortgage Banking loan commitments, for each period ended:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Unused warehouse lines of credit	$	451,686	$	525,328
Unused home equity lines of credit		380,320		367,887
Unused loan commitments - other		641,978		598,002
Standby letters of credit		6,813		12,643
FHLB letter of credit		10,000		10,000
Total commitments	$	1,490,797	$	1,513,860

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a client to a third party. The terms and risk of loss involved in issuing standby letters of credit are similar to those involved in issuing loan commitments and extending credit. In addition to credit risk, the Company also has liquidity risk associated with standby letters of credit because funding for these obligations could be required immediately. The Company does not deem this risk to be material.

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9. FAIR VALUE

Fair value represents the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Bank used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:

Available-for-sale debt securities: Except for the Bank’s private label mortgage backed security and its TRUP investment, the fair value of available-for-sale debt securities is typically determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs).

The Bank’s private label mortgage backed security remains illiquid, and as such, the Bank classifies this security as a Level 3 security in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement . Based on this determination, the Bank utilized an income valuation model (present value model) approach in determining the fair value of this security.

See in this section of the filing under Footnote 2 “Investment Securities” for additional discussion regarding the Bank’s private label mortgage backed security.

The Company acquired its TRUP investment in 2015 and considered the most recent bid price for the same instrument to approximate market value at September 30, 2018. The Company’s TRUP investment is considered highly illiquid and also valued using Level 3 inputs, as the most recent bid price for this instrument is not always considered generally observable.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair value: Quoted market prices in an active market are available for the Bank’s Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) mutual fund investment and fall within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of the Company’s Freddie Mac preferred stock is determined by matrix pricing, as described above (Level 2 inputs).

Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value: The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is determined using quoted secondary market prices. Mortgage loans held for sale are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Consumer loans held for investment/sale, at fair value: From the first quarter of 2016 through the first quarter of 2018, the Bank continued to pilot a consumer installment-loan product across the United States using a third-party marketer/service. As part of the program, the Bank sold 100% of the balances generated through the program back to the third-party marketer/servicer approximately 21 days after origination. The Bank carried all unsold loans under the program as “held for sale” on the its balance sheet. At the initiation of this program in 2016, the Bank elected to carry these loans at fair value under a fair-value option, with the portfolio thereafter marked to market on a monthly basis.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/service provider suspended the origination of any new loans, and the subsequent sale of all recently-originated loans under this program, while the two parties evaluate the future offering of this product due to changes in the applicable state law impacting the product. Concurrent with the suspension of this program, the Bank reclassified approximately $2.2 million of these loans from held for sale on the balance sheet into the held for investment category and revalued these loans accordingly.

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Through the first quarter of 2018, the fair value for these loans was based on contractual sales terms, which are classified as Level 3 inputs. As of September 30, 2018, the fair value of these loans was based on the discounted cash flows of the underlying loans, which are also classified as Level 3 inputs.

From the fourth quarter of 2015 through the first quarter of 2018, the Bank continued to pilot a credit-card product to generally subprime borrowers across the United States through one third-party marketer/servicer. For outstanding cards, RCS sold 90% of the balances generated within two business days of each transaction occurrence to its third-party marketer/servicer and retained the remaining 10% interest. During the second quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/servicer discontinued the marketing of the product to potential new clients, as the two parties deliberated the future direction of the program. During the third quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/servicer reached an agreement in concept to sell 100% of the existing portfolio to an unrelated third party. As a result, the Bank reclassified its 10% interest with a book value of $3.5 million into a held-for-sale category and charged the entire RCS credit-card portfolio down to its estimated net realizable value of $1.5 million.

Mortgage Banking derivatives : Mortgage Banking derivatives used in the ordinary course of business primarily consist of mandatory forward sales contracts (“forward contracts”) and interest rate lock loan commitments. The fair value of the Bank’s derivative instruments is primarily measured by obtaining pricing from broker-dealers recognized to be market participants. The pricing is derived from market observable inputs that can generally be verified and do not typically involve significant judgment by the Bank. Forward contracts and rate-lock loan commitments are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Interest rate swap agreements: Interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company values its interest rate swaps using a third-party valuation service and classifies such valuations as Level 2. Valuations of these interest rate swaps are also received from the relevant counterparty and validated against the Company’s calculations. The Company has considered counterparty credit risk in the valuation of its interest rate swap assets and has considered its own credit risk in the valuation of its interest rate swap liabilities.

Impaired loans: Collateral-dependent impaired loans generally reflect partial charge-downs to their respective fair value, which is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals or broker price opinions (“BPOs”). These appraisals or BPOs may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the process by the independent experts to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Collateral-dependent loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Premises carried at fair value: Premises and equipment are accounted for at the lower of cost less accumulated depreciation or fair value less estimated costs to sell. The fair value of Bank premises is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches, including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Other real estate owned: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals or BPOs. These appraisals or BPOs may utilize a single approach or a combination of approaches, including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the process by the independent experts to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for collateral-dependent impaired loans, impaired premises and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Bank. Once the appraisal is received, a member of the Bank’s Credit Administration Department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal, as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources, such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. On at least an annual basis, the Bank performs a back test of collateral appraisals by comparing actual selling prices on recent collateral sales to the most recent appraisal of such collateral. Back tests are performed for each collateral class, e.g., residential real estate or commercial real estate, and may lead to additional adjustments to the value of unliquidated collateral of similar class.

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Mortgage servicing rights: On at least a quarterly basis, MSRs are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the MSRs as compared to carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an individual tranche exceeds fair value, impairment is recorded, and the respective individual tranche is carried at fair value. If the carrying amount of an individual tranche does not exceed fair value, impairment is reversed if previously recognized and the carrying value of the individual tranche is based on the amortization method. The valuation model utilizes assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income and can generally be validated against available market data (Level 2). There were no MSR tranches carried at fair value at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis , including financial assets and liabilities for which the Bank has elected the fair value option, are summarized below:


	Fair Value Measurements at
	September 30, 2018 Using:
	Quoted Prices in		Significant
	Active Markets		Other		Significant
	for Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Total
	Assets		Inputs		Inputs		Fair
(in thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Value
Financial assets:
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies	$	—	$	235,638	$	—	$	235,638
Private label mortgage backed security		—		—		3,849		3,849
Mortgage backed securities - residential		—		115,942		—		115,942
Collateralized mortgage obligations		—		75,365		—		75,365
Corporate bonds		—		10,080		—		10,080
Trust preferred security		—		—		4,250		4,250
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	—	$	437,025	$	8,099	$	445,124

Equity securities with readily determinable fair value:
Freddie Mac preferred stock	$	—	$	332	$	—	$	332
Community Reinvestment Act mutual fund		2,385		—		—		2,385
Total equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	2,385	$	332	$	—	$	2,717

Mortgage loans held for sale	$	—	$	7,862	$	—	$	7,862
Consumer loans held for investment		—		—		2,097		2,097
Rate lock loan commitments		—		348		—		348
Mandatory forward contracts		—		113		—		113
Interest rate swap agreements		—		2,658		—		2,658

Financial liabilities:
Interest rate swap agreements		—		2,383		—		2,383

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	Fair Value Measurements at
	December 31, 2017 Using:
	Quoted Prices in		Significant
	Active Markets		Other		Significant
	for Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Total
	Assets		Inputs		Inputs		Fair
(in thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Value
Financial assets:
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies	$	—	$	307,592	$	—	$	307,592
Private label mortgage backed security		—		—		4,449		4,449
Mortgage backed securities - residential		—		106,374		—		106,374
Collateralized mortgage obligations		—		87,163		—		87,163
Corporate bonds		—		15,125		—		15,125
Trust preferred security		—		—		3,600		3,600
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	—	$	516,254	$	8,049	$	524,303

Equity securities with readily determinable fair value:
Freddie Mac preferred stock	$	—	$	473	$	—	$	473
Community Reinvestment Act mutual fund		2,455		—		—		2,455
Total equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	2,455	$	473	$	—	$	2,928

Mortgage loans held for sale	$	—	$	5,761	$	—	$	5,761
Consumer loans held for sale		—		—		2,677		2,677
Rate lock loan commitments		—		310		—		310
Interest rate swap agreements		—		312		—		312

Financial liabilities:
Mandatory forward contracts	$	—	$	9	$	—	$	9
Interest rate swap agreements		—		403		—		403

All transfers between levels are generally recognized at the end of each quarter. There were no transfers into or out of Level 1, 2 or 3 assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Private Label Mortgage Backed Security

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Bank’s private label mortgage backed security measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Balance, beginning of period	$	3,926	$	4,540	$	4,449	$	4,777
Total gains or losses included in earnings:
Net change in unrealized gain		(2)		90		(19)		244
Recovery of actual losses previously recorded		39		—		114		—
Principal paydowns		(114)		(55)		(695)		(446)
Balance, end of period	$	3,849	$	4,575	$	3,849	$	4,575

The fair value of the Bank’s single private label mortgage backed security is supported by analysis prepared by an independent third party. The third party’s approach to determining fair value involved several steps: 1) detailed collateral analysis of the underlying mortgages, including consideration of geographic location, original loan-to-value and the weighted average FICO score of the borrowers; 2) collateral performance projections for each pool of mortgages underlying the security (probability of default, severity of default, and prepayment probabilities) and 3) discounted cash flow modeling.

The significant unobservable inputs in the fair value measurement of the Bank’s single private label mortgage backed security are prepayment rates, probability of default and loss severity in the event of default. Significant fluctuations in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly different fair value measurement.

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Quantitative information about recurring Level 3 fair value measurement inputs for the Bank’s single private label mortgage backed security follows:


	Fair		Valuation
September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands)	Value		Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range

Private label mortgage backed security	$	3,849	Discounted cash flow	(1) Constant prepayment rate	2.0% - 9.0%

				(2) Probability of default	1.8% - 4.0%

				(3) Loss severity	50% - 85%


	Fair		Valuation
December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands)	Value		Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range

Private label mortgage backed security	$	4,449	Discounted cash flow	(1) Constant prepayment rate	3.5% - 6.5%

				(2) Probability of default	1.8% - 8.0%

				(3) Loss severity	60% - 85%

Trust Preferred Security

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company’s TRUP measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Balance, beginning of period	$	4,150	$	3,453	$	3,600	$	3,200
Total gains or losses included in earnings:
Discount accretion		10		11		30		33
Net change in unrealized gain		90		36		620		267
Balance, end of period	$	4,250	$	3,500	$	4,250	$	3,500

The fair value of the Company’s TRUP investment is based on the most recent bid price for this instrument, as provided by a third-party broker.

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Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

The Bank has elected the fair value option for mortgage loans held for sale. These loans are intended for sale and the Bank believes that the fair value is the best indicator of the resolution of these loans. Interest income is recorded based on the contractual terms of the loans and in accordance with Bank policy for such instruments. None of these loans were past due 90-days-or-more or on nonaccrual as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the aggregate fair value, contractual balance, and unrealized gain was as follows:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Aggregate fair value	$	7,862	$	5,761
Contractual balance		7,736		5,668
Unrealized gain		126		93

The total amount of gains and losses from changes in fair value included in earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 for mortgage loans held for sale are presented in the following table:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Interest income	$	133	$	102	$	308	$	255
Change in fair value		(110)		(102)		33		9
Total included in earnings	$	23	$	—	$	341	$	264

Consumer Loans Held for Investment/Sale

Prior to the second quarter of 2018, all consumer installment loans originated through RCS were originated with the intent to sale and carried at fair value. During the second quarter of 2018, approximately $2 million of these loans were transferred from the held for sale category into the held for investment category and recorded at their fair market value as of the date of transfer. Interest income for these loans is recorded based on the contractual terms of the loan and in accordance with Bank policy for such instruments. None of these loans were past due 90-days-or-more or on nonaccrual as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

A reconciliation of the Company’s consumer loans measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is included in Footnote 3 of this section of the filing.

Prior to the second quarter of 2018, the significant unobservable inputs in the fair value measurement of the Bank’s consumer loans were the net contractual premiums and level of loans sold at a discount price. As of September 30, 2018, the significant unobservable inputs in the fair value measurement of the Bank’s consumer loans were the constant prepayment rate, probability of default, and loss severity for these loans under a discounted-cash-flow model. Significant fluctuations in any of these inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower/higher fair value measurement.

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The following table presents quantitative information about recurring Level 3 fair value measurement inputs for consumer loans as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


	Fair		Valuation
September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands)	Value		Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Rate

Consumer loans held for investment	$	2,097	Discounted Cash Flows	(1) Constant prepayment rate	15.0%

				(2) Probability of default	45.0%

				(3) Loss severity	11.5%


	Fair		Valuation
December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands)	Value		Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Rate

Consumer loans held for sale	$	2,677	Contractual Sales Terms	(1) Net Premium	0.9%

				(2) Discounted Sales	5.0%

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the aggregate fair value, contractual balance, and unrealized (loss) gain on consumer loans held for investment/sale, at fair value, were as follows:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Aggregate fair value	$	2,097	$	2,677
Contractual balance		2,361		2,535
Unrealized (loss) gain		(264)		142

The total amount of net (losses) gains from changes in fair value included in earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 for consumer loans held for investment/sale, at fair value, are presented in the following table:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Interest income	$	130	$	240	$	457	$	748
Change in fair value		21		7		(406)		65
Total included in earnings	$	151	$	247	$	51	$	813

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Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:


	Fair Value Measurements at
	September 30, 2018 Using:
	Quoted Prices in		Significant
	Active Markets		Other		Significant
	for Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Total
	Assets		Inputs		Inputs		Fair
(in thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Value

Consumer loans held for sale	$	—	$	—	$	1,519	$	1,519

Impaired loans:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	—	$	—	$	4,040	$	4,040
Nonowner occupied		—		—		1,083		1,083
Commercial real estate		—		—		1,230		1,230
Commercial & industrial		—		—		666		666
Home equity		—		—		51		51
Total impaired loans*	$	—	$	—	$	7,070	$	7,070

Premises	$	—	$	—	$	2,607	$	2,607


	Fair Value Measurements at
	December 31, 2017 Using:
	Quoted Prices in		Significant
	Active Markets		Other		Significant
	for Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Total
	Assets		Inputs		Inputs		Fair
(in thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Value

Impaired loans:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	—	$	—	$	4,107	$	4,107
Nonowner occupied		—		—		237		237
Commercial real estate		—		—		1,366		1,366
Home equity		—		—		393		393
Total impaired loans*	$	—	$	—	$	6,103	$	6,103

Other real estate owned:
Residential real estate	$	—	$	—	$	83	$	83
Total other real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	83	$	83

Premises	$	—	$	—	$	3,017	$	3,017

* The difference between the carrying value and the fair value of impaired loans measured at fair value is reconciled in a subsequent table of this Footnote.

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The following tables present quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis :


					Range
	Fair		Valuation	Unobservable	(Weighted
September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands)	Value		Technique	Inputs	Average)

Consumer loans held for sale	$	1,519	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	6% (6%)

Impaired loans - residential real estate owner occupied	$	4,040	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	0% - 77% (13%)

Impaired loans - residential real estate nonowner occupied	$	1,083	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	0% - 27% (14%)

Impaired loans - commercial real estate	$	70	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	21% (21%)

Impaired loans - commercial real estate	$	1,160	Income approach	Adjustments for differences between net operating income expectations	17% (17%)

Impaired loans - commercial & industrial	$	666	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	3% (3%)

Impaired loans - home equity	$	51	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	5% - 53% (42%)

Premises	$	2,607	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	21% - 71% (32%)


					Range
	Fair		Valuation	Unobservable	(Weighted
December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands)	Value		Technique	Inputs	Average)

Impaired loans - residential real estate owner occupied	$	4,107	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	0% - 54% (10%)

Impaired loans - residential real estate nonowner occupied	$	237	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	0% - 8% (5%)

Impaired loans - commercial real estate	$	79	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	21% (21%)

Impaired loans - commercial real estate	$	1,287	Income approach	Adjustments for differences between net operating income expectations	17% (17%)

Impaired loans - home equity	$	393	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	0% - 23% (15%)

Other real estate owned - residential real estate	$	83	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	86% (86%)

Premises	$	3,017	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments determined for differences between comparable sales	4% - 67% (21%)

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Consumer Loans Held for Sale

Details of consumer loans held for sale follow:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Carrying amount of loans measured at fair value	$	3,592	$	—
Estimated discount for loan losses		(2,073)		—
Total fair value	$	1,519	$	—

Impaired Loans

Collateral-dependent impaired loans are generally measured for impairment using the fair value for reasonable disposition of the underlying collateral. The Bank’s practice is to obtain new or updated appraisals or BPOs on the loans subject to the initial impairment review and then to evaluate the need for an update to this value on an as-necessary or possibly annual basis thereafter (depending on the market conditions impacting the value of the collateral). The Bank may discount the valuation amount as necessary for selling costs and past due real estate taxes. If a new or updated appraisal or BPO is not available at the time of a loan’s impairment review, the Bank may apply a discount to the existing value of an old valuation to reflect the property’s current estimated value if it is believed to have deteriorated in either: (i) the physical or economic aspects of the subject property or (ii) material changes in market conditions. The impairment review generally results in a partial charge-off of the loan if fair value less selling costs are below the loan’s carrying value. Impaired loans that are collateral dependent are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when impairment is determined using the fair value method.

Impaired collateral-dependent loans are as follows:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Carrying amount of loans measured at fair value	$	6,771	$	5,358
Estimated selling costs considered in carrying amount		709		752
Valuation allowance		(410)		(7)
Total fair value	$	7,070	$	6,103


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Provisions on collateral-dependent, impaired loans	$	117	$	59	$	901	$	281

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Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned, which is carried at the lower of cost or fair value, is periodically assessed for impairment based on fair value at the reporting date. Fair value is determined from external appraisals or BPOs using judgments and estimates of external professionals. Many of these inputs are not observable and, accordingly, these measurements are classified as Level 3.

Details of other real estate owned carrying value and write downs follow:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Other real estate owned carried at fair value	$	—	$	83
Other real estate owned carried at cost		70		32
Total carrying value of other real estate owned	$	70	$	115


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Other real estate owned write-downs during the period	$	—	$	76	$	—	$	155

Premises

The Company’s Traditional Banking segment classified four of its former banking centers as held for sale as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Impairment charges are recorded when the value of a piece of property is reappraised or reassessed below the property’s then-carrying value. Impairment charges related to these properties were as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Impairment charges on premises	$	126	$	965	$	356	$	1,082

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The carrying amounts and estimated exit-price fair values of financial instruments at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 follow:


			Fair Value Measurements at
			September 30, 2018:
									Total
	Carrying								Fair
(in thousands)	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Value

Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	365,512	$	365,512	$	—	$	—	$	365,512
Available-for-sale debt securities		445,124		—		437,025		8,099		445,124
Held-to-maturity debt securities		65,925		—		66,667		—		66,667
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values		2,717		2,385		332		—		2,717
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value		7,862		—		7,862		—		7,862
Consumer loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or fair value		21,037		—		21,037		—		21,037
Loans, net		4,092,371		—		—		4,035,387		4,035,387
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		32,067		—		—		—		NA
Accrued interest receivable		13,696		—		13,696		—		13,696
Rate lock loan commitments		348		—		348		—		348
Community Reinvestment Act mutual fund		113		—		113		—		113
Interest rate swap agreements		2,658		—		2,658		—		2,658

Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	1,103,461		—	$	1,103,461		—	$	1,103,461
Transaction deposits		2,051,907		—		2,051,907		—		2,051,907
Time deposits		411,317		—		404,562		—		404,562
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings		163,768		—		163,768		—		163,768
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		715,000		—		707,306		—		707,306
Subordinated note		41,240		—		31,832		—		31,832
Accrued interest payable		1,106		—		1,106		—		1,106
Interest rate swap agreements		2,383		—		2,383		—		2,383

NA - Not applicable

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			Fair Value Measurements at
			December 31, 2017:
									Total
	Carrying								Fair
(in thousands)	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Value

Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	299,351	$	299,351	$	—	$	—	$	299,351
Available-for-sale debt securities		524,303		—		516,254		8,049		524,303
Held-to-maturity debt securities		64,227		—		65,133		—		65,133
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values		2,928		2,455		473		—		2,928
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value		5,761		—		5,761		—		5,761
Consumer loans held for sale, at fair value		2,677		—		—		2,677		2,677
Consumer loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or fair value		8,551		—		8,551		—		8,551
Loans, net		3,971,265		—		—		3,938,998		3,938,998
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		32,067		—		—		—		NA
Accrued interest receivable		12,082		—		12,082		—		12,082
Rate lock loan commitments		310		—		310		—		310
Interest rate swap agreements		312		—		312		—		312

Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	1,022,042		—	$	1,022,042		—	$	1,022,042
Transaction deposits		2,049,493		—		2,049,493		—		2,049,493
Time deposits		361,623		—		358,627		—		358,627
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings		204,021		—		204,021		—		204,021
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		737,500		—		730,712		—		730,712
Subordinated note		41,240		—		31,763		—		31,763
Accrued interest payable		1,100		—		1,100		—		1,100
Mandatory forward contracts		9		—		9		—		9
Interest rate swap agreements		403		—		403		—		403

NA - Not applicable

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10. MORTGAGE BANKING ACTIVITIES

Mortgage Banking activities primarily include residential mortgage originations and servicing.

The following table presents activity for mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Balance, beginning of period	$	12,653	$	6,057	$	5,761	$	11,662
Origination of mortgage loans held for sale		49,149		43,489		133,273		119,265
Proceeds from the sale of mortgage loans held for sale		(55,063)		(46,428)		(134,157)		(130,065)
Net gain on sale of mortgage loans held for sale		1,123		965		2,985		3,221
Balance, end of period	$	7,862	$	4,083	$	7,862	$	4,083

The following table presents the components of Mortgage Banking income:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Net gain realized on sale of mortgage loans held for sale	$	1,093	$	1,161	$	2,791	$	3,275
Net change in fair value recognized on loans held for sale		(110)		(102)		33		9
Net change in fair value recognized on rate lock loan commitments		(84)		(98)		38		185
Net change in fair value recognized on forward contracts		224		4		123		(248)
Net gain recognized		1,123		965		2,985		3,221

Loan servicing income		598		527		1,803		1,590
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights		(361)		(390)		(1,092)		(1,104)
Net servicing income recognized		237		137		711		486
Total Mortgage Banking income	$	1,360	$	1,102	$	3,696	$	3,707

The following table presents activity for capitalized mortgage servicing rights:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Balance, beginning of period	$	4,915	$	5,158	$	5,044	$	5,180
Additions		372		360		974		1,052
Amortized to expense		(361)		(390)		(1,092)		(1,104)
Balance, end of period	$	4,926	$	5,128	$	4,926	$	5,128

There was no balance or activity in the valuation allowance for capitalized mortgage servicing rights for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

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The following table presents other information for mortgage servicing rights:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017

Fair value of mortgage servicing rights portfolio	$	9,666		$	7,984
Monthly weighted average prepayment rate of unpaid principal balance*		167	%		200	%
Discount rate		10	%		10	%
Weighted average default rate		4	%		3.75	%
Weighted average life in years		6.15			5.49

* Rates are applied to individual tranches with similar characteristics.

Mortgage Banking derivatives used in the ordinary course of business primarily consist of mandatory forward sales contracts and interest rate lock loan commitments. Mandatory forward contracts represent future commitments to deliver loans at a specified price and date and are used to manage interest rate risk on loan commitments and mortgage loans held for sale. Interest rate lock loan commitments represent commitments to fund loans at a specific rate. These derivatives involve underlying items, such as interest rates, and are designed to transfer risk. Substantially all of these instruments expire within 90 days from the date of issuance. Notional amounts are amounts on which calculations and payments are based, but which do not represent credit exposure, as credit exposure is limited to the amounts required to be received or paid.

Mandatory forward contracts also contain an element of risk in that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of such agreements. In the event the counterparties fail to deliver commitments or are unable to fulfill their obligations, the Bank could potentially incur significant additional costs by replacing the positions at then current market rates. The Bank manages its risk of exposure by limiting counterparties to those banks and institutions deemed appropriate by management and the Board of Directors. The Bank does not expect any counterparty to default on their obligations and therefore, the Bank does not expect to incur any cost related to counterparty default.

The Bank is exposed to interest rate risk on loans held for sale and rate lock loan commitments. As market interest rates fluctuate, the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale and rate lock commitments will decline or increase. To offset this interest rate risk the Bank enters into derivatives, such as mandatory forward contracts to sell loans. The fair value of these mandatory forward contracts will fluctuate as market interest rates fluctuate, and the change in the value of these instruments is expected to largely, though not entirely, offset the change in fair value of loans held for sale and rate lock commitments. The objective of this activity is to minimize the exposure to losses on rate loan lock commitments and loans held for sale due to market interest rate fluctuations. The net effect of derivatives on earnings will depend on risk management activities and a variety of other factors, including: market interest rate volatility; the amount of rate lock commitments that close; the ability to fill the forward contracts before expiration; and the time period required to close and sell loans.

The following table includes the notional amounts and fair values of mortgage loans held for sale and mortgage banking derivatives as of the period ends presented:


	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Notional				Notional
(in thousands)	Amount		Fair Value		Amount		Fair Value

Included in Mortgage loans held for sale:
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value	$	7,736	$	7,862	$	5,668	$	5,761

Included in other assets:
Rate lock loan commitments	$	21,225	$	348	$	14,696	$	310
Mandatory forward contracts		22,989		113		—		—

Included in other liabilities:
Mandatory forward contracts	$	—	$	—	$	17,159	$	9

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11. INTEREST RATE SWAPS

Interest rate swap derivatives are reported at fair value in other assets or other liabilities. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a cash flow hedging relationship. For a derivative designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the derivative’s unrealized gain or loss is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”). For derivatives not designated as hedges, the gain or loss is recognized in current period earnings.

Interest Rate Swaps Used as Cash Flow Hedges

The Bank entered into two interest rate swap agreements (“swaps”) during 2013 as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. The Bank designated the swaps as cash flow hedges intended to reduce the variability in cash flows attributable to either FHLB advances tied to the 3-month LIBOR or the overall changes in cash flows on certain money market deposit accounts tied to 1-month LIBOR. The counterparty for both swaps met the Bank’s credit standards and the Bank believes that the credit risk inherent in the swap contracts is not significant.

The swaps were determined to be fully effective during all periods presented; therefore, no amount of ineffectiveness was included in net income. The aggregate fair value of the swaps is recorded in other liabilities with changes in fair value recorded in OCI. The amount included in AOCI would be reclassified to current earnings should the hedge no longer be considered effective. The Bank expects the hedges to remain fully effective during the remaining term of the swaps.

The following table reflects information about swaps designated as cash flow hedges as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


								September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
										Unrealized				Unrealized
		Notional	Pay		Receive			Assets /		Gain (Loss)		Assets /		Gain (Loss)
(dollars in thousands)		Amount	Rate		Rate	Term		(Liabilities)		AOCI		(Liabilities)		in AOCI

Interest rate swap on money market deposits	$	10,000	2.17	%	1M LIBOR	12/2013 - 12/2020	$	139	$	110	$	(60)	$	(25)
Interest rate swap on FHLB advance		10,000	2.33	%	3M LIBOR	12/2013 - 12/2020		136		107		(31)		(48)
Total	$	20,000					$	275	$	217	$	(91)	$	(73)

The following table reflects the total interest expense recorded on these swap transactions in the consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Interest rate swap on money market deposits	$	(1)	$	27	$	22	$	87
Interest rate swap on FHLB advance		2		24		14		88
Total interest expense on swap transactions	$	1	$	51	$	36	$	175

The following table presents the net gains (losses) recorded in OCI and the consolidated statements of income relating to the swaps designated as cash flow hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Gains (losses) recognized in OCI on derivative (effective portion)	$	54	$	9	$	330	$	(67)

Losses reclassified from OCI on derivative (effective portion)		(1)		(51)		(36)		(175)

Gains (losses) recognized in income on derivative (ineffective portion)		—		—		—		—

The estimated net amount of the existing losses reported in AOCI at September 30, 2018 expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is considered immaterial .

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Non-hedge Interest Rate Swaps

The Bank enters into interest rate swaps to facilitate client transactions and meet their financing needs. Upon entering into these instruments to meet client needs, the Bank enters into offsetting positions in order to minimize the Bank’s interest rate risk. These swaps are derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments, and therefore changes in fair value are reported in current year earnings.

Interest rate swap contracts involve the risk of dealing with counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. When the fair value of a derivative instrument contract is positive, this generally indicates that the counter party or client owes the Bank, and results in credit risk to the Bank. When the fair value of a derivative instrument contract is negative, the Bank owes the client or counterparty, and therefore, has no credit risk.

The following table presents a summary of the Bank’s interest rate swaps related to clients as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


		September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
		Notional				Notional
(in thousands)	Bank Position	Amount		Fair Value		Amount		Fair Value

Interest rate swaps with Bank clients - Assets	Pay variable/receive fixed	$	12,654	$	192	$	48,942	$	312
Interest rate swaps with Bank clients - Liabilities	Pay variable/receive fixed		60,132		(2,383)		12,477		(228)
Interest rate swaps with Bank clients - Total	Pay variable/receive fixed	$	72,786	$	(2,191)	$	61,419	$	84

Offsetting interest rate swaps with institutional swap dealer	Pay fixed/receive variable		72,786		2,191		61,419		(84)
Total		$	145,572	$	—	$	122,838	$	—

The Bank is required to pledge securities as collateral when the Bank is in a net loss position for all swaps with dealer counterparties when such net loss positions exceed $250,000. The fair value of cash or investment securities pledged as collateral by the Bank to cover such net loss positions totaled $1.5 million at December 31, 2017, with no collateral pledged as of September 30, 2018.

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12. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company calculates earnings per share under the two-class method. Under the two-class method, earnings available to common shareholders for the period are allocated between Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The difference in earnings per share between the two classes of common stock results from the 10% per share cash dividend premium paid on Class A Common Stock over that paid on Class B Common Stock.

A reconciliation of the combined Class A and Class B Common Stock numerators and denominators of the earnings per share and diluted earnings per share computations is presented below:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Net income	$	17,411	$	10,706	$	60,546	$	40,794
Dividends declared on Common Stock:
Class A Shares		(4,517)		(4,096)		(13,552)		(12,082)
Class B Shares		(487)		(448)		(1,468)		(1,324)
Undistributed net income for basic earnings per share		12,407		6,162		45,526		27,388
Weighted average potential dividends on Class A shares upon exercise of dilutive options		(38)		(18)		(103)		(51)
Undistributed net income for diluted earnings per share	$	12,369	$	6,144	$	45,423	$	27,337

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Class A Shares		18,748		18,885		18,722		18,678
Class B Shares		2,214		2,268		2,228		2,243
Effect of dilutive securities on Class A Shares outstanding		158		83		143		79
Weighted average shares outstanding including dilutive securities		21,120		21,236		21,093		21,000

Basic earnings per share:
Class A Common Stock:
Per share dividends distributed	$	0.24	$	0.22	$	0.73	$	0.65
Undistributed earnings per share*		0.60		0.29		2.19		1.32
Total basic earnings per share - Class A Common Stock	$	0.84	$	0.51	$	2.92	$	1.97

Class B Common Stock
Per share dividends distributed	$	0.22	$	0.20	$	0.66	$	0.59
Undistributed earnings per share*		0.54		0.27		1.99		1.20
Total basic earnings per share - Class B Common Stock	$	0.76	$	0.47	$	2.65	$	1.79

Diluted earnings per share:
Class A Common Stock:
Per share dividends distributed	$	0.24	$	0.22	$	0.73	$	0.65
Undistributed earnings per share*		0.59		0.29		2.17		1.31
Total diluted earnings per share - Class A Common Stock	$	0.83	$	0.51	$	2.90	$	1.96

Class B Common Stock:
Per share dividends distributed	$	0.22	$	0.20	$	0.66	$	0.59
Undistributed earnings per share*		0.54		0.27		1.98		1.19
Total diluted earnings per share - Class B Common Stock	$	0.76	$	0.47	$	2.64	$	1.78

*To arrive at undistributed earnings per share, undistributed net income is first pro rated between Class A and Class B Common Shares, with Class A Common Shares receiving a 10% premium. The resulting pro-rated, undistributed net income for each class is then divided by the weighted average shares for each class.

The following table presents stock options excluded from the detailed earnings per share calculation because their impact was antidilutive:


	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017

Antidilutive stock options	161,000	4,500	161,000	4,500
Average antidilutive stock options	29,033	3,833	9,811	1,667

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13. STOCK PLANS AND STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

In 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Republic Bancorp, Inc. 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”), which became effective April 23, 2015 when the Company’s shareholders approved the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan replaced the Company’s 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, which expired on March 15, 2015.

The number of authorized shares under the 2015 Plan is fixed at 3,000,000, with such number subject to adjustment in the event of certain circumstances, such as stock dividends, stock splits, or the like. There is a minimum three-year vesting period for awards granted to employees under the 2015 Plan that vest based solely on the completion of a specified period of service, with options generally exercisable five to six years after the issue date. Stock options generally must be exercised within one year from the date the options become exercisable and have an exercise price that is at least equal to the fair market value of the Company’s stock on their grant date.

All shares issued under the above-mentioned plans were from authorized and reserved unissued shares. The Company has a sufficient number of authorized and reserved unissued shares to satisfy all anticipated option exercises. There are no Class B stock options outstanding or available for exercise under the Company’s plans.

Stock Options

The fair value of each stock option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes based stock option valuation model. This model requires the input of subjective assumptions that will usually have a significant impact on the fair value estimate. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of Republic’s stock and other factors. Expected dividends are based on dividend trends and the market price of Republic’s stock price at grant. Republic uses historical data to estimate option exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve at the time of grant.

The fair value of stock options granted was determined using the following weighted average assumptions as of grant date:


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017

Risk-free interest rate		3.00	%		NA		3.00	%		2.07	%
Expected dividend yield		2.01	%		NA		2.01	%		2.41	%
Expected stock price volatility		18.60	%		NA		18.60	%		20.36	%
Expected life of options (in years)		5			NA		5			5
Estimated fair value per share	$	8.13		$	—	$	8.13		$	3.99

NA - Not applicable

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The following table summarizes stock option activity from January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018:


				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
	Options	Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Class A	Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Shares	Price		Term	Value

Outstanding, January 1, 2017	312,600	$	24.49
Granted	4,500		35.54
Exercised	(3,500)		19.63
Forfeited or expired	(18,600)		24.99
Outstanding, December 31, 2017	295,000	$	24.68	2.86	$	3,935,010

Outstanding, January 1, 2018	295,000	$	24.68
Granted	160,500		48.26
Exercised	(3,500)		24.10
Forfeited or expired	(7,900)		24.47
Outstanding, September 30, 2018	444,100	$	33.21	3.35	$	6,072,538

Unvested	444,100	$	33.21	3.35	$	6,072,538
Exercisable (vested) at September 30, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	—

The following table presents information related to stock options:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	37	$	—	$	79	$	44
Cash received from options exercised, net of shares redeemed		35		—		83		33

Restricted Stock Awards

Restricted stock awards generally vest within six years after issue, with accelerated vesting due to “change in control” or “death or disability of a participant” as defined and outlined in the 2015 Plan.

The following table summarizes restricted stock awards activity from January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018:


	Restricted
	Stock Awards	Weighted-Average
	Class A Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2017	77,000	$	20.02
Granted	7,413		35.77
Forfeited	(750)		19.85
Earned and issued	(42,053)		21.66
Outstanding, December 31, 2017	41,610	$	21.18

Outstanding, January 1, 2018	41,610	$	21.18
Granted	38,323		38.64
Forfeited	(1,500)		19.85
Earned and issued	(2,323)		43.60
Outstanding, September 30, 2018	76,110	$	29.31

Unvested	76,110	$	29.31

Performance Stock Units

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The Company first granted performance stock units (“PSUs”) under the 2015 Plan in January 2016. Shares of stock underlying the PSUs may be earned over a four-year performance period commencing on January 1, 2017 and ending on December 31, 2020 as follows:

If the Company achieves a Return on Average Assets (“ROAA”), as defined in the award agreement, of 1.25% for a calendar year in the performance period, then between March 1 st and March 15 th of the following year, provided that the recipient is still employed in good standing on the payment date, the Company will issue shares of fully vested stock to the participant equal to 50% of the number of the PSUs initially granted to the participant; and

If the ROAA of 1.25% is met again at the end of another calendar year during the remaining term of the performance period, the Company will similarly issue fully vested stock in an amount equal to the remaining 50% of the initial PSUs granted to the participant.

The Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) makes all determinations regarding the achievement of ROAA based on the Company’s audited financial statements and average assets as reported in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the determination of the Committee is final and binding on all parties. The Committee reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to adjust the calculation of ROAA downward for income or expense items that it considers to be infrequent or nonrecurring in nature.

The following table summarizes PSU activity from January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018:


	Performance
	Stock Units	Weighted-Average
	Class A Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2017	55,000	$	23.13
Granted	—		—
Forfeited	(6,500)		23.48
Earned and issued	—		—
Outstanding, December 31, 2017	48,500	$	23.08

Outstanding, January 1, 2018	48,500	$	23.08
Granted	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Earned and issued	—		—
Outstanding, September 30, 2018	48,500	$	23.08

Expected to vest	48,500	$	23.08

Expense Related to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan

All share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, are recognized as compensation expense over the service period (generally the vesting period) in the consolidated financial statements based on their fair values. Grants to non-employee directors are included within director fees, a component of other noninterest expense.

The Company recorded expense related to the 2015 Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Stock option expense	$	56	$	65	$	174	$	191
Restricted stock award expense		132		81		450		373
Performance stock unit expense		53		127		106		364
Total expense	$	241	$	273	$	730	$	928

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As of September 30, 2018, unrecognized expenses related to unvested awards (net of estimated forfeitures) under the 2015 Plan are estimated as follows:


	Stock			Restricted
Year Ended (in thousands)	Options			Stock Awards	Total

Remainder of 2018	$	132	$	65	$	197
2019		423		261		684
2020		323		261		584
2021		292		261		553
2022		250		237		487
2023 and beyond		109		135		244
Total	$	1,529	$	1,220	$	2,749

Deferred Compensation

On April 19, 2018, the shareholders of Republic approved an amendment and restatement of the Non-Employee Director and Key Employee Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”). Prior to the Plan’s 2018 amendment and restatement, only directors participated in the plan, with the 2018 amendment and restatement initiating key-employee participation. The Plan provides non-employee directors and designated key employees the ability to defer compensation and have those deferred amounts paid later in the form of Company Class A Common shares based on the shares that could have been acquired as the deferrals were made. The Company maintains a bookkeeping account for each director or key-employee participant, and at the end of each fiscal quarter, deferred compensation is converted to “stock units” equal to the amount of compensation deferred during the quarter divided by the quarter-end fair market value of the Company’s Class A Common stock. Stock units for each participant’s account are also credited with an amount equal to the cash dividends that would have been paid on the number of stock units in the account if the stock units were deemed to be outstanding shares of stock. Any dividends credited are converted into additional stock units at the end of the fiscal quarter in which the dividends were paid.

DIRECTORS

Members of the Board of Directors may defer board and committee fees from two to five years, with each director participant retaining a nonforfeitable interest in his or her deferred compensation account.

The following table presents information on director deferred compensation under the Plan for the periods presented:


	Outstanding	Weighted-Average
	Stock	Market Price
	Units	at Date of Deferral
Outstanding, January 1, 2017	64,155	$	22.94
Deferred fees and dividend equivalents converted to stock units	5,199		36.81
Stock units converted to Class A Common Shares	(5,456)		22.84
Outstanding, December 31, 2017	63,898	$	24.08

Outstanding, January 1, 2018	63,898	$	24.08
Deferred fees and dividend equivalents converted to stock units	3,757		42.91
Stock units converted to Class A Common Shares	(2,835)		23.94
Outstanding, September 30, 2018	64,820	$	25.18

Vested	64,820	$	25.18

KEY EMPLOYEES

Designated key employees may defer a portion of their base salaries on a pre-tax basis under the Plan, with the Company matching employee deferrals up to a prescribed limit. With limited exception, the Company match amount remains unvested until December 31 st of the year that is five years from the beginning of the year that the Company match is made.

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The following table presents information on key employee deferred compensation under the Plan for the periods presented:


	Outstanding	Weighted-Average
	Stock	Market Price
	Units	at Date of Deferral
Outstanding, January 1, 2018	—	$	—
Deferred base salaries and dividend equivalents converted to stock units	3,092		45.73
Matching stock units credited	3,092		45.73
Stock units converted to Class A Common Shares	—		—
Outstanding, September 30, 2018	6,184	$	45.73

Vested	3,092	$	45.73
Unvested	3,092	$	45.73

14. INCOME TAXES

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) was enacted on December 22, 2017 and reduced the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. At December 31, 2017, except for a planned cost-segregation study, based on facts and circumstances known at that time, the Company believed it had substantially completed its accounting for the tax effects of the TCJA.

During the second quarter of 2018, however, the Company began its cost-segregation study that was completed during the third quarter of 2018. The Company’s cost-segregation study assigned revised tax lives and methods for select fixed assets resulting from a detailed engineering-based analysis. The more detailed classification of fixed assets allowed the Company a large one-time recognition of additional depreciation expense for its 2017 federal tax return at a 35% income tax rate, as opposed to the TCJA rate of 21% it previously expected to receive for these deductions in the future. The Company also made the decision to adopt an automatic tax-accounting-method change related to deferred loan costs during the third quarter of 2018, as it was preparing its 2017 federal tax return. The Company’s tax-accounting-method change related to the immediate recognition of loan origination costs for income tax purposes, as opposed to the amortization of those costs over the life of the loan. The cost-segregation study and the change in tax-accounting-method did result in a further impact from the TCJA, as they affected the Company’s final 2017 federal tax return due October 15, 2018.

In addition to the completed cost-segregation study and the change in the tax-accounting-method related to loan origination costs, the Company also completed a Research and Development (“R&D”) tax-credit study during the third quarter of 2018, which resulted in the recognition of R&D credits dating back to 2014. In total, these three tax-related items provided $2.8 million in federal income tax benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, of which $2.6 million is considered nonrecurring in nature.

The following table illustrates the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017

Federal rate times financial statement income		21.00	%		35.00	%		21.00	%		35.00	%
Effect of:
SAB 118 related discrete items recorded during the third quarter of 2018*		(12.36)			—			(3.21)			—
State taxes, net of federal benefit		1.59			1.41			1.55			0.64
General business tax credits		(4.55)			—			(1.54)			—
Nontaxable income		(0.86)			(2.54)			(0.92)			(1.55)
Other, net		4.54			0.17			1.23			(0.45)
Effective tax rate		9.36	%		34.04	%		18.11	%		33.64	%

*Discrete items include the impact of a cost-segregation study and a tax-accounting-method change related to the immediate recognition of loan origination costs.

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15. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following table presents OCI components and related tax effects:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities:
Change in unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale debt securities (2018), debt and equity securities (2017)	$	(467)	$	(237)	$	(3,130)	$	892
Adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-01		—		—		(428)		—
Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale debt security for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in earnings		(2)		90		(19)		244
Net unrealized (losses) gains		(469)		(147)		(3,577)		1,136
Tax effect		100		51		752		(399)
Net of tax		(369)		(96)		(2,825)		737

Cash Flow Hedges:
Change in fair value of derivatives used for cash flow hedges		54		9		330		(67)
Reclassification amount for net derivative losses realized in income		1		51		36		175
Net unrealized gains		55		60		366		108
Tax effect		(12)		(21)		(76)		(37)
Net of tax		43		39		290		71

Total other comprehensive (loss) income components, net of tax	$	(326)	$	(57)	$	(2,535)	$	808

The following table presents amounts reclassified out of each component of AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:


		Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated
		Other Comprehensive Income
	Affected Line Items	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	in the Consolidated	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	Statements of Income	2018		2017		2018		2017

Cash Flow Hedges:
Interest rate swap on money market deposits	Interest expense on deposits	$	1	$	(27)	$	(22)	$	(87)
Interest rate swap on FHLB advance	Interest expense on FHLB advances		(2)		(24)		(14)		(88)
Total derivative losses on cash flow hedges	Total interest expense		(1)		(51)		(36)		(175)
Tax effect	Income tax expense		—		18		8		61
Net of tax	Net income	$	(1)	$	(33)	$	(28)	$	(114)

The following tables summarize AOCI balances, net of tax:


			2018
(in thousands)	December 31, 2017		Change		September 30, 2018

Unrealized loss on available-for-sale debt securities and reclassification of equity securities	$	(604)	$	(2,810)	$	(3,414)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale debt security for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in earnings		1,093		(15)		1,078
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		(73)		290		217
Total unrealized gain (loss)	$	416	$	(2,535)	$	(2,119)


			2017
(in thousands)	December 31, 2016		Change		September 30, 2017

Unrealized gain on available-for-sale debt and equity securities	$	237	$	579	$	816
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale debt security for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in earnings		706		158		864
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		(256)		71		(185)
Total unrealized gain	$	687	$	808	$	1,495

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16. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and all subsequent amendments to the ASU (collectively, “ASC 606”). While this update modified guidance for recognizing revenue, it did not have a material impact on the timing or presentation of the Company’s revenue. The majority of Company’s revenue comes from interest income and other sources, including loans, leases, securities, and derivatives, which are not subject to ASC 606. The Company’s services that fall within the scope of ASC 606 are presented within noninterest income and are recognized as revenue as the Company satisfies its obligation to its client. The Company did elect a practical expedient permitted under this guidance which allows it to expense as-incurred incremental costs of obtaining a contract when the amortization period of those costs would be less than one year.

The following tables present the Company’s net revenue by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company

Net interest income(1)	$	40,655		$	4,414		$	133		$	45,202		$	113		$	7,718		$	7,831		$	53,033

Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts		3,568			11			—			3,579			—			—			—			3,579
Net refund transfer fees		—			—			—			—			149			—			149			149
Mortgage banking income(1)		—			—			1,360			1,360			—			—			—			1,360
Interchange fee income		2,721			—			—			2,721			22			14			36			2,757
Program fees(1)		—			—			—			—			93			1,593			1,686			1,686
Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI(1)		385			—			—			385			—			—			—			385
Net gains (losses) on OREO		248			—			—			248			—			—			—			248
Other		942			—			124			1,066			—			235			235			1,301
Total noninterest income		7,864			11			1,484			9,359			264			1,842			2,106			11,465

Total net revenue	$	48,519		$	4,425		$	1,617		$	54,561		$	377		$	9,560		$	9,937		$	64,498

Net-revenue concentration(2)		74	%		7	%		3	%		84	%		1	%		15	%		16	%		100	%


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company

Net interest income(1)	$	37,396		$	4,737		$	102		$	42,235		$	60		$	6,012		$	6,072		$	48,307

Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts		3,384			11			—			3,395			—			—			—			3,395
Net refund transfer fees		—			—			—			—			177			—			177			177
Mortgage banking income(1)		—			—			1,102			1,102			—			—			—			1,102
Interchange fee income		2,432			—			—			2,432			16			27			43			2,475
Program fees(1)		—			—			—			—			63			1,534			1,597			1,597
Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI(1)		394			—			—			394			—			—			—			394
Net gains (losses) on OREO		31			—			—			31			—			—			—			31
Other		889			—			65			954			—			249			249			1,203
Total noninterest income		7,130			11			1,167			8,308			256			1,810			2,066			10,374

Total net revenue	$	44,526		$	4,748		$	1,269		$	50,543		$	316		$	7,822		$	8,138		$	58,681

Net-revenue concentration(2)		76	%		8	%		2	%		86	%		1	%		13	%		14	%		100	%

(1)

This revenue is not subject to ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

(2)

Net revenue represents net interest income plus total noninterest income. Net-revenue concentration equals segment-level net revenue divided by total Company net revenue.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company

Net interest income(1)	$	118,191		$	12,169		$	308		$	130,668		$	19,127		$	21,987		$	41,114		$	171,782

Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts		10,678			30			—			10,708			—			—			—			10,708
Net refund transfer fees		—			—			—			—			19,974			—			19,974			19,974
Mortgage banking income(1)		—			—			3,696			3,696			—			—			—			3,696
Interchange fee income		8,052			—			—			8,052			210			53			263			8,315
Program fees(1)		—			—			—			—			276			4,429			4,705			4,705
Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI(1)		1,135			—			—			1,135			—			—			—			1,135
Net gains (losses) on OREO		700			—			—			700			—			—			—			700
Other		2,026			—			211			2,237			1,002			834			1,836			4,073
Total noninterest income		22,591			30			3,907			26,528			21,462			5,316			26,778			53,306

Total net revenue	$	140,782		$	12,199		$	4,215		$	157,196		$	40,589		$	27,303		$	67,892		$	225,088

Net-revenue concentration*		63	%		5	%		2	%		70	%		18	%		12	%		30	%		100	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company

Net interest income(1)	$	103,490		$	13,073		$	255		$	116,818		$	15,179		$	15,885		$	31,064		$	147,882

Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts		10,044			27			—			10,071			(39)			—			(39)			10,032
Net refund transfer fees		—			—			—			—			18,329			—			18,329			18,329
Mortgage banking income(1)		—			—			3,707			3,707			—			—			—			3,707
Interchange fee income		7,106			—			—			7,106			187			55			242			7,348
Program fees(1)		—			—			—			—			103			3,869			3,972			3,972
Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI(1)		1,178			—			—			1,178			—			—			—			1,178
Net gains (losses) on OREO		397			—			25			422			—			—			—			422
Other		1,893			—			167			2,060			4			1,172			1,176			3,236
Total noninterest income		20,618			27			3,899			24,544			18,584			5,096			23,680			48,224

Total net revenue	$	124,108		$	13,100		$	4,154		$	141,362		$	33,763		$	20,981		$	54,744		$	196,106

Net-revenue concentration*		63	%		7	%		2	%		72	%		17	%		11	%		28	%		100	%

(1)

This revenue is not subject to ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

(2)

Net revenue represents net interest income plus total noninterest income. Net-revenue concentration equals segment-level net revenue divided by total Company net revenue.

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The following represents information for significant revenue streams subject to ASC 606:

Service charges on deposits – The Company earns revenue for account-based and event-driven services on its retail and commercial deposit accounts. Contracts for these services are generally in the form of deposit agreements, which disclose fees for deposit services. Revenue for event-driven services is recognized in close proximity or simultaneously with service performance. Revenue for certain account-based services may be recognized at a point in time or over the period the service is rendered, typically no longer than a month. Examples of account-based and event-driven service charges on deposits include per item fees, paper-statement fees, check-cashing fees, and analysis fees.

Net refund transfer fees – A Refund Transfer (“RT”) is a fee-based product offered by the Bank through third-party tax preparers located throughout the United States, as well as tax-preparation software providers (collectively, the “Tax Providers”), with the Bank acting as an independent contractor of the Tax Providers. An RT allows a taxpayer to pay any applicable tax preparation and filing related fees directly from his federal or state government tax refund, with the remainder of the tax refund disbursed directly to the taxpayer. RT fees and all applicable tax preparation, transmitter, audit, and any other taxpayer authorized amounts are deducted from the tax refund by either the Bank or the Bank’s service provider and automatically forwarded to the appropriate party as authorized by the taxpayer. RT fees generally receive first priority when applying fees against the taxpayer’s refund, with the Bank’s share of RT fees generally superior to the claims of other third-party service providers, including the Tax Providers. The remainder of the refund is disbursed to the taxpayer by a Bank check printed at a tax office, direct deposit to the taxpayer’s personal bank account, loaded to a Net Spend Visa® Prepaid Card or Walmart Direct2Cash .

The Company executes contracts with individual Tax Providers to offer RTs to their taxpayer customers. RT revenue is recognized by the Bank immediately after the taxpayer’s refund is disbursed in accordance with the RT contract with the taxpayer customer. The fee paid by the taxpayer for the RT is shared between the Bank and the Tax Providers based on contracts executed between the parties.

The Company presents RT revenue net of any amounts shared with the Tax Providers. The Bank’s share of RT revenue is generally based on the obligations undertaken by the Tax Provider for each individual RT program, with more obligations generally corresponding to higher RT revenue share. The significant majority of net RT revenue is recognized and obligations under RT contracts fulfilled by the Bank during the first half of each year. Incremental expenses associated with the fulfilment of RT contracts are generally expensed during the first half of the year.

Interchange fee income – As an “issuing bank” for card transactions, the Company earns interchange fee income on transactions executed by its cardholders with various third-party merchants. Through third-party intermediaries, merchants compensate the Company for each transaction for the ability to efficiently settle the transaction and for the Company’s willingness to accept certain risks inherent in the transaction. There is no written contract between the merchant and the Company, but a contract is implied between the two parties by customary business practices. Interchange fee income is recognized almost simultaneously by the Company upon the completion of a related card transaction.

The Company compensates its cardholders by way of cash or other “rewards” for generating card transactions. These rewards are disclosed in cardholder agreements between the Company and its cardholders. Reward costs are accrued over time based on card transactions generated by the cardholder. Interchange fee income is presented net of reward costs within noninterest income.

Net gains/(losses) on other real estate – The Company routinely sells other real estate (“OREO”) it has acquired through loan foreclosure. Net gains/(losses) on OREO reflect both 1) the gain or loss recognized upon an executed deed and 2) mark-to-market write-downs the Company takes on its OREO inventory.

The Company generally recognizes gains or losses on OREO at the time of an executed deed, although gains may be recognized over a financing period if the Company finances the sale. For financed OREO sales, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on sale, the Company adjusts the transaction price and related gain/(loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present.

Mark-to-market write-downs taken by the Company during the property’s holding period are generally at least 10% per year but may be higher based on updated real estate appraisals or BPOs. Incremental expenditures to bring OREO to salable condition are generally expensed as-incurred.

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Capital commitment fee – The Company received and recorded a $1.0 million nonrefundable capital commitment fee during the first quarter of 2018. The fee was paid by a third party upon the Company’s completion of its contractual obligations to build the infrastructure and disburse funds for a new collaborative credit product offered to the third party’s customers through the Bank. The completion of the infrastructure and the first disbursement of funds were made for this new credit product during the first quarter of 2018. Incremental expenses incurred by the Company to fulfil its obligation under this contract were expensed as-incurred.

17. SEGMENT INFORMATION

Reportable segments are determined by the type of products and services offered and the level of information provided to the chief operating decision maker, who uses such information to review performance of various components of the business (such as banking centers and business units), which are then aggregated if operating performance, products/services, and clients are similar.

The table below provides the nature of segment operations and the primary drivers of net revenues by reportable segment:


Reportable Segment:	Nature of Operations:	Primary Drivers of Net Revenue:

Core Banking:

Traditional Banking	Provides traditional banking products to clients in its market footprint primarily via its network of banking centers and to clients outside of its market footprint primarily via its Digital and Correspondent Lending delivery channels.	Loans, investments, and deposits.

Warehouse Lending	Provides short-term, revolving credit facilities to mortgage bankers across the United States.	Mortgage warehouse lines of credit.

Mortgage Banking	Primarily originates, sells and services long-term, single family, first lien residential real estate loans primarily to clients in the Bank's market footprint.	Loan sales and servicing.

Republic Processing Group:

Tax Refund Solutions	TRS offers tax-related credit products and facilitates the receipt and payment of federal and state tax refund products. The RPS division of TRS offers general-purpose reloadable cards. TRS and RPS products are primarily provided to clients outside of the Bank’s market footprint.	Loans, refund transfers, and prepaid cards.

Republic Credit Solutions	Offers consumer credit products. RCS products are primarily provided to clients outside of the Bank’s market footprint, with a substantial portion of RCS clients considered subprime or near-prime borrowers.	Unsecured, consumer loans.

The accounting policies used for Republic’s reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Republic evaluates segment performance using operating income.

The Company allocates goodwill to the Traditional Banking segment. Republic generally allocates income taxes based on income before income tax expense unless Republic can reasonably make specific segment allocations. The Company makes transactions among reportable segments at carrying value.

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Segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company

Net interest income	$	40,655		$	4,414		$	133		$	45,202		$	113		$	7,718		$	7,831		$	53,033

Provision for loan and lease losses		696			(183)			—			513			(1,028)			4,592			3,564			4,077

Net refund transfer fees		—			—			—			—			149			—			149			149
Mortgage banking income		—			—			1,360			1,360			—			—			—			1,360
Program fees		—			—			—			—			93			1,593			1,686			1,686
Other noninterest income		7,864			11			124			7,999			22			249			271			8,270
Total noninterest income		7,864			11			1,484			9,359			264			1,842			2,106			11,465

Total noninterest expense		34,847			834			1,071			36,752			2,656			1,804			4,460			41,212

Income (loss) before income tax expense		12,976			3,774			546			17,296			(1,251)			3,164			1,913			19,209
Income tax expense (benefit)		966			864			114			1,944			(799)			653			(146)			1,798
Net income (loss)	$	12,010		$	2,910		$	432		$	15,352		$	(452)		$	2,511		$	2,059		$	17,411

Period-end assets	$	4,537,971		$	561,625		$	13,251		$	5,112,847		$	15,991		$	93,516		$	109,507		$	5,222,354

Net interest margin		3.82	%		3.26	%		NM			3.76	%		NM			NM			NM			4.32	%

Net-revenue concentration*		74	%		7	%		3	%		84	%		1	%		15	%		16	%		100	%


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company

Net interest income	$	37,396		$	4,737		$	102		$	42,235		$	60		$	6,012		$	6,072		$	48,307

Provision for loan and lease losses		683			(74)			—			609			(840)			4,452			3,612			4,221

Net refund transfer fees		—			—			—			—			177			—			177			177
Mortgage banking income		—			—			1,102			1,102			—			—			—			1,102
Program fees		—			—			—			—			63			1,534			1,597			1,597
Other noninterest income		7,130			11			65			7,206			16			276			292			7,498
Total noninterest income		7,130			11			1,167			8,308			256			1,810			2,066			10,374

Total noninterest expense		32,280			848			1,149			34,277			2,851			898			3,749			38,026

Income (loss) before income tax expense		11,563			3,974			120			15,657			(1,695)			2,472			777			16,434
Income tax expense (benefit)		3,951			1,454			41			5,446			(615)			897			282			5,728
Net income (loss)	$	7,612		$	2,520		$	79		$	10,211		$	(1,080)		$	1,575		$	495		$	10,706

Period-end assets	$	4,361,591		$	570,676		$	9,395		$	4,941,662		$	13,090		$	38,422		$	51,512		$	4,993,174

Net interest margin		3.70	%		3.54	%		NM			3.68	%		NM			NM			NM			4.17	%

Net-revenue concentration*		76	%		8	%		2	%		86	%		1	%		13	%		14	%		100	%

*Net revenue represents net interest income plus total noninterest income. Net-revenue concentration equals segment-level net revenue divided by total Company net revenue.

NM — Not Meaningful

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company

Net interest income	$	118,191		$	12,169		$	308		$	130,668		$	19,127		$	21,987		$	41,114		$	171,782

Provision for loan and lease losses		2,158			88			—			2,246			11,473			12,545			24,018			26,264

Net refund transfer fees		—			—			—			—			19,974			—			19,974			19,974
Mortgage banking income		—			—			3,696			3,696			—			—			—			3,696
Program fees		—			—			—			—			276			4,429			4,705			4,705
Other noninterest income		22,591			30			211			22,832			1,212			887			2,099			24,931
Total noninterest income		22,591			30			3,907			26,528			21,462			5,316			26,778			53,306

Total noninterest expense		103,654			2,523			3,451			109,628			11,454			3,807			15,261			124,889

Income before income tax expense		34,970			9,588			764			45,322			17,662			10,951			28,613			73,935
Income tax expense		4,906			2,193			160			7,259			3,664			2,466			6,130			13,389
Net income	$	30,064		$	7,395		$	604		$	38,063		$	13,998		$	8,485		$	22,483		$	60,546

Period-end assets	$	4,537,971		$	561,625		$	13,251		$	5,112,847		$	15,991		$	93,516		$	109,507		$	5,222,354

Net interest margin		3.71	%		3.18	%		NM			3.65	%		NM			NM			NM			4.67	%

Net-revenue concentration*		63	%		5	%		2	%		70	%		18	%		12	%		30	%		100	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company

Net interest income	$	103,490		$	13,073		$	255		$	116,818		$	15,179		$	15,885		$	31,064		$	147,882

Provision for loan and lease losses		2,611			(36)			—			2,575			6,763			12,295			19,058			21,633

Net refund transfer fees		—			—			—			—			18,329			—			18,329			18,329
Mortgage banking income		—			—			3,707			3,707			—			—			—			3,707
Program fees		—			—			—			—			103			3,869			3,972			3,972
Other noninterest income		20,618			27			192			20,837			152			1,227			1,379			22,216
Total noninterest income		20,618			27			3,899			24,544			18,584			5,096			23,680			48,224

Total noninterest expense		93,552			2,448			3,347			99,347			10,891			2,461			13,352			112,699

Income before income tax expense		27,945			10,688			807			39,440			16,109			6,225			22,334			61,774
Income tax expense		8,684			3,909			282			12,875			5,846			2,259			8,105			20,980
Net income	$	19,261		$	6,779		$	525		$	26,565		$	10,263		$	3,966		$	14,229		$	40,794

Period-end assets	$	4,361,591		$	570,676		$	9,395		$	4,941,662		$	13,090		$	38,422		$	51,512		$	4,993,174

Net interest margin		3.48	%		3.58	%		NM			3.49	%		NM			NM			NM			4.34	%

Net-revenue concentration*		63	%		7	%		2	%		72	%		17	%		11	%		28	%		100	%

*Net revenue represents net interest income plus total noninterest income. Net-revenue concentration equals segment-level net revenue divided by total Company net revenue.

NM — Not Meaningful

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Republic Bancorp, Inc. (the “Parent Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Republic Bank & Trust Company (“RB&T” or the “Bank”) and Republic Insurance Services, Inc. (the “Captive”). As used in this filing, the terms “Republic,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Republic Bancorp, Inc., and, where the context requires, Republic Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries; and the term the “Bank” refers to the Company’s subsidiary bank, RB&T. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Republic should be read in conjunction with Part I Item 1 “ Financial Statements .”

Republic Bancorp, Inc. is a financial holding company headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky.

Republic Bancorp Capital Trust (“RBCT”) is a Delaware statutory business trust that is a wholly-owned unconsolidated finance subsidiary of Republic Bancorp, Inc.

Forward-looking statements discuss matters that are not historical facts. As forward-looking statements discuss future events or conditions, the statements often include words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “potential,” or similar expressions. Do not rely on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements detail management’s expectations regarding the future and are not guarantees. Forward-looking statements are assumptions based on information known to management only as of the date the statements are made, and management may not update them to reflect changes that occur subsequent to the date the statements are made.

Broadly speaking, forward-looking statements include:

projections of revenue, income, expenses, losses, earnings per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial items;

descriptions of plans or objectives for future operations, products or services;

forecasts of future economic performance; and

descriptions of assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing.

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied as a result of certain risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to the following:

changes in political and economic conditions;

new information concerning the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”);

the magnitude and frequency of changes to the Federal Funds Target Rate (“FFTR”) implemented by the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) of the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”);

long-term and short-term interest rate fluctuations as well as the overall steepness of the yield curve;

competitive product and pricing pressures in each of the Company’s five reportable segments;

equity and fixed income market fluctuations;

client bankruptcies and loan defaults;

inflation;

recession;

natural disasters impacting Company operations;

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future acquisitions;

integrations of acquired businesses;

changes in technology;

changes in applicable laws and regulations or the interpretation and enforcement thereof;

changes in fiscal, monetary, regulatory and tax policies;

changes in accounting standards;

monetary fluctuations;

changes to the Company’s overall internal control environment;

success in gaining regulatory approvals when required;

the Company’s ability to qualify for future Research and Development (“R&D”) federal tax credits;

information security breaches or cyber security attacks involving either the Company or one of the Company’s third-party service providers; and

other risks and uncertainties reported from time to time in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including Part 1 Item 1A “ Risk Factors ” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Issued but Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”)

For disclosure regarding the impact to the Company’s financial statements of issued-but-not-yet-effective ASUs, see Footnote 1 “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements.”

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BUSINESS SEGMENT COMPOSITION

Table 1 — Segment Information


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company
Net income (loss)	$	12,010		$	2,910		$	432		$	15,352		$	(452)		$	2,511		$	2,059		$	17,411
Period-end assets		4,537,971			561,625			13,251			5,112,847			15,991			93,516			109,507			5,222,354
Net interest margin		3.82	%		3.26	%		NM			3.76	%		NM			NM			NM			4.32	%
Net-revenue concentration*		74	%		7	%		3	%		84	%		1	%		15	%		16	%		100	%


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company
Net income (loss)	$	7,612		$	2,520		$	79		$	10,211		$	(1,080)		$	1,575		$	495		$	10,706
Period-end assets		4,361,591			570,676			9,395			4,941,662			13,090			38,422			51,512			4,993,174
Net interest margin		3.70	%		3.54	%		NM			3.68	%		NM			NM			NM			4.17	%
Net-revenue concentration*		76	%		8	%		2	%		86	%		1	%		13	%		14	%		100	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company
Net income	$	30,064		$	7,395		$	604		$	38,063		$	13,998		$	8,485		$	22,483		$	60,546
Period-end assets		4,537,971			561,625			13,251			5,112,847			15,991			93,516			109,507			5,222,354
Net interest margin		3.71	%		3.18	%		NM			3.65	%		NM			NM			NM			4.67	%
Net-revenue concentration*		63	%		5	%		2	%		70	%		18	%		12	%		30	%		100	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Core Banking												Republic Processing Group ("RPG")
										Total			Tax			Republic
	Traditional			Warehouse			Mortgage			Core			Refund			Credit			Total			Total
(dollars in thousands)	Banking			Lending			Banking			Banking			Solutions			Solutions			RPG			Company
Net income	$	19,261		$	6,779		$	525		$	26,565		$	10,263		$	3,966		$	14,229		$	40,794
Period-end assets		4,361,591			570,676			9,395			4,941,662			13,090			38,422			51,512			4,993,174
Net interest margin		3.48	%		3.58	%		NM			3.49	%		NM			NM			NM			4.34	%
Net-revenue concentration*		63	%		7	%		2	%		72	%		17	%		11	%		28	%		100	%

*Net revenue represents net interest income plus total noninterest income. Net-revenue concentration equals segment-level net revenue divided by total Company net revenue.

NM — Not Meaningful

For expanded segment financial data see Footnote 17 “Segment Information” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements.”

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(I) Traditional Banking segment

The Traditional Banking segment provides traditional banking products primarily to customers in the Company’s market footprint. As of September 30, 2018, Republic had 45 full-service banking centers and one loan production office (“LPO”) with locations as follows:

 Kentucky — 32

 Metropolitan Louisville — 18

 Central Kentucky — 9

 Elizabethtown — 1

 Frankfort — 1

 Georgetown — 1

 Lexington — 5

 Shelbyville — 1

 Western Kentucky — 2

 Owensboro — 2

 Northern Kentucky — 3

 Covington — 1

 Crestview Hills — 1

 Florence — 1

 Southern Indiana — 3

 Floyds Knobs — 1

 Jeffersonville — 1

 New Albany — 1

 Metropolitan Tampa, Florida — 7

 Metropolitan Cincinnati, Ohio — 1

 Metropolitan Nashville, Tennessee — 3*

*Includes one LPO

Republic’s headquarters are in Louisville, which is the largest city in Kentucky based on population.

As of September 30, 2018, and through the date of this filing, generally all Traditional Banking products and services, except for a selection of deposit products offered through the Bank’s separately branded national branchless banking platform, MemoryBank, were offered through the Company’s traditional RB&T brand.

The Bank’s principal lending activities consist of the following:

Retail Mortgage Lending — Through its retail banking centers, its Correspondent Lending channel, and its Internet Banking channel, the Bank originates single family, residential real estate loans. In addition, the Bank originates home equity amortizing loans (“HEALs”) and home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”) through its retail banking centers. Such loans are generally collateralized by owner occupied property.

Commercial Lending — The Bank conducts commercial lending activities primarily through Corporate Banking, Business Banking, and Retail Banking channels.

In general, commercial lending credit approvals and processing are prepared and underwritten through the Bank’s Commercial Credit Administration Department (“CAD”). Clients are generally located within the Bank’s market footprint, or in an adjacent area to the market footprint.

Credit opportunities are generally driven by the following: companies expanding their businesses; companies acquiring new businesses; and/or companies refinancing existing debt from other institutions. The Bank has a focus on Commercial & Industrial (“C&I”), Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”), and to a lesser degree Construction and Development (“C&D”) lending. The targeted C&I credit size for client relationships is typically between $2 million and $15 million, with some exceptions for large corporate borrowers of higher credit quality.

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Corporate Banking focuses on larger C&I and CRE opportunities. For CRE loans, Corporate Banking focuses on stabilized properties with low leverage and strong cash flows. Borrowers are generally single-asset entities and loan sizes typically range between $5 million and $20 million. Primary underwriting considerations are property cash flow (current and historical), quality of leases, financial capacity of sponsors, and collateral value of property financed. The majority of interest rates offered are based on the 30-day London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). Fixed rate terms of up to 10 years are available to borrowers by utilizing interest rate swaps. In some cases, limited or non-recourse (of owners) loans will be issued, with such cases based upon the capital position, cash flows, and stabilization of the borrowing entity.

The Business Banking Department, and to some extent the Bank’s Retail Banking group, focuses on locally based small-to-medium sized businesses in the Bank’s market footprint with annual revenue between $1 million and $20 million. The needs of these clients range from expansion or acquisition, equipment financing, owner-occupied real estate financing, and operating lines of credit. The Bank’s lenders utilize all appropriate programs of the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) to reduce credit risk exposure. Additionally, the Bank looks to make loans to real estate investors for various types of investment properties, including rental homes and apartments, shopping centers, office buildings, and loans to various not-for-profit agencies located within the Bank’s market footprint. The targeted credit size for a relationship in this area is between $500,000 and $5 million.

Construction and Land Development Lending — The Bank originates business loans for the construction of both single family residential properties and commercial properties (apartment complexes, shopping centers, office buildings). While not a focus for the Bank, the Bank may originate loans for the acquisition and development of residential or commercial land into buildable lots.

Internet Lending — The Bank accepts online loan applications for its RB&T brand through its website at www.republicbank.com. Historically, the majority of loans originated through Internet Lending have been within the Bank’s traditional markets of Kentucky, Florida and Indiana. Other states where loans are marketed include California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee and Virginia, as well as, the District of Columbia.

Correspondent Lending — Primarily from its Warehouse clients, the Bank may occasionally acquire for investment through its Correspondent Lending channel single family, first lien mortgage loans that meet the Bank’s specifications. Substantially all loans purchased through the Correspondent Lending channel are purchased at a premium. The volume of loans purchased through the Correspondent Lending channel may fluctuate from time to time based on several factors, including, but not limited to, borrower demand, other investment options and the Bank’s current and forecasted liquidity position.

Consumer Lending — Traditional consumer loans made by the Bank include home improvement and home equity loans, other secured and unsecured personal loans, and credit cards. With the exception of home equity loans, which are actively marketed in conjunction with single family, first lien residential real estate loans, other traditional consumer loan products, while available, are not and have not been actively promoted in the Bank’s markets.

The Bank has, from time to time, acquired unsecured consumer installment loans for investment from a third-party originator. Such consumer loans were purchased at par and were selected by the Bank based on certain underwriting characteristics.

Dealer Services — The Bank offers dealer floor plan loans, consumer indirect automobile loans, and consumer aircraft loans through its Dealer Services Department. Dealer floor plan loans are commercial loans to automobile dealers secured by the dealer’s current inventory of vehicles, typically in the Bank’s market footprint. The indirect automobile program involves establishing relationships with automobile dealers and obtaining consumer automobile loans in a low-cost delivery method. First offered by the Bank in August 2017, consumer aircraft loans typically range in amounts from $55,000 to $500,000, with terms up to 20 years, to purchase or refinance aircrafts, along with engine overhauls and avionic upgrades. The aircraft loan program is open to all states, except for Alaska and Hawaii.

The Bank’s other Traditional Banking activities generally consists of the following:

MemoryBank — In October 2016, the Bank opened the “digital doors” of MemoryBank, a national branchless banking platform. MemoryBank is a separately branded division of the Bank, which from a marketing perspective, focuses on technologically savvy clients that prefer to carry larger balances in highly liquid bank accounts.

Private Banking — The Bank provides financial products and services to high net worth individuals through its Private Banking department. The Bank’s Private Banking officers have extensive banking experience and are trained to meet the unique financial needs of this clientele.

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Treasury Management Services — The Bank provides various deposit products designed for commercial business clients located throughout its market footprint. Lockbox processing, remote deposit capture, business on-line banking, account reconciliation, and Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) processing are additional services offered to commercial businesses through the Bank’s Treasury Management department.

Internet Banking — The Bank expands its market penetration and service delivery of its RB&T brand by offering clients Internet Banking services and products through its website, www.republicbank.com.

Mobile Banking — The Bank allows clients to easily and securely access and manage their accounts through its mobile banking application.

Other Banking Services — The Bank also provides title insurance and other financial institution related products and services.

Bank Acquisitions — The Bank maintains an acquisition strategy to selectively grow its franchise as a complement to its organic growth strategies.

See additional detail regarding the Traditional Banking segment under Footnote 17 “Segment Information” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements.”

(II) Warehouse Lending segment

Through its Warehouse Lending segment, the Core Bank provides short-term, revolving credit facilities to mortgage bankers across the United States through mortgage warehouse lines of credit. These credit facilities are primarily secured by single family, first lien residential real estate loans. The credit facility enables the mortgage banking clients to close single family, first lien residential real estate loans in their own name and temporarily fund their inventory of these closed loans until the loans are sold to investors approved by the Bank or purchased by the Bank through its Correspondent Lending channel. Individual loans are expected to remain on the warehouse line for an average of 15 to 30 days. Reverse mortgage loans typically remain on the line longer than conventional mortgage loans. Interest income and loan fees are accrued for each individual loan during the time the loan remains on the warehouse line and collected when the loan is sold. The Core Bank receives the sale proceeds of each loan directly from the investor and applies the funds to pay off the warehouse advance and related accrued interest and fees. The remaining proceeds are credited to the mortgage-banking client.

See additional detail regarding the Warehouse Lending segment under Footnote 17 “Segment Information” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements.”

(III) Mortgage Banking segment

Mortgage Banking activities primarily include 15-, 20- and 30-year fixed-term single family, first lien residential real estate loans that are originated and sold into the secondary market, primarily to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC” or “Freddie Mac”) and the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA” or “Fannie Mae”). The Bank typically retains servicing on loans sold into the secondary market. Administration of loans with servicing retained by the Bank includes collecting principal and interest payments, escrowing funds for property taxes and property insurance, and remitting payments to secondary market investors. The Bank receives fees for performing these standard servicing functions.

See additional detail regarding the Mortgage Banking segment under Footnote 10 “Mortgage Banking Activities” and Footnote 17 “Segment Information” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements.”

(IV) Tax Refund Solutions segment

Through the TRS segment, the Bank is one of a limited number of financial institutions that facilitates the receipt and payment of federal and state tax refund products and offers a credit product through third-party tax preparers located throughout the United States, as well as tax-preparation software providers (collectively, the “Tax Providers”). Substantially all of the business generated by the TRS segment occurs in the first half of the year. The TRS segment traditionally operates at a loss during the second half of the year, during which time the segment incurs costs preparing for the upcoming year’s tax season.

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delivered to the taxpayer upon receipt of the tax refund directly from the governmental paying authority. Fees earned by the Company on RTs, net of revenue share, are reported as noninterest income under the line item “Net refund transfer fees.”

Offered only during the first two months of each year;

No EA fee was charged to the taxpayer customer;

All fees for the EA were paid by the Tax Providers with a restriction prohibiting the Tax Providers from passing along the fees to the taxpayer customer;

No requirement that the taxpayer customer pays for another bank product, such as an RT;

Multiple funds disbursement methods, including direct deposit, prepaid card, check, or Walmart Direct2Cash ® , based on the taxpayer-customer’s election;

Repayment of the EA to the Bank was deducted from the taxpayer customer’s tax refund proceeds; and

If an insufficient refund to repay the EA occurred:

there was no recourse to the taxpayer customer,

no negative credit reporting on the taxpayer customer, and

no collection efforts against the taxpayer customer.

Related to the overall credit losses on EAs, the Bank’s ability to control losses is highly dependent upon its ability to predict the taxpayer’s likelihood to receive the tax refund as claimed on the taxpayer’s tax return. Each year, the Bank’s EA approval model is based primarily on the prior-year’s tax refund funding patterns. Because much of the loan volume occurs each year before that year’s tax refund funding patterns can be analyzed and subsequent underwriting changes made, credit losses during a current year could be higher than management’s predictions if tax refund funding patterns change materially between years.

In response to changes in the legal, regulatory and competitive environment, management annually reviews and revises the EA’s product parameters. Further changes in EA product parameters do not insure positive results and could have an overall material negative impact on the performance of the EA and therefore on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. For the first quarter 2019 tax season, the Company plans to modify the EA product offering to increase the maximum advance amount, which is expected to increase overall EA loan volume, absent any other changes. Any EA losses in 2019 would be heightened by an increase in overall EA loan volume.

See additional detail regarding the Easy Advance (“EA”) product under Footnote 4 “Loans and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements.”

Republic Payment Solutions division — RPS is managed and operated within the TRS segment. The RPS division is an issuing bank offering general-purpose reloadable prepaid cards through third-party service providers.

For the projected near-term, as the prepaid card program matures, the operating results of the RPS division are expected to be immaterial to the Company’s overall results of operations and will be reported as part of the TRS segment. The RPS division will not be considered a separate reportable segment until such time, if any, that it meets quantitative reporting thresholds.

(V) Republic Credit Solutions segment

Through the RCS segment, the Bank offers consumer credit products. In general, the credit products are unsecured, small dollar consumer loans with maturities of 30-days-or-more, and are dependent on various factors including the consumer’s ability to repay. RCS loans typically earn a higher yield but also have higher credit risk compared to loans originated through the Traditional Banking

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segment, with a significant portion of RCS clients considered subprime or near-prime borrowers. Additional information regarding consumer loan products offered through RCS follows:

OVERVIEW (Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017)

Total Company net income for the third quarter of 2018 was $17.4 million, a $6.7 million, or 63%, increase from the same period in 2017. Diluted earnings per Class A Common Share (“Diluted EPS”) increased to $0.83 for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 compared to $0.51 for the same period in 2017.

Pre-tax earnings for the third quarter of 2018 increased 17% over the third quarter of 2017. As with the previous two quarters of 2018, the Company’s performance metrics for the third quarter of 2018 were positively impacted by the 2017 TCJA, which, among other things, lowered the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. The Company estimates that the lower effective tax rate alone benefitted its third quarter 2018 metrics by increasing net income approximately $1.9 million and Diluted EPS by $0.09.

In addition to the income tax benefit received from the TCJA, Republic also recognized additional federal income tax benefits of approximately $2.8 million during the third quarter of 2018 as part of preparing its fiscal-year 2017 federal tax return due October 15, 2018. The Company considers approximately $2.6 million of the $2.8 million in federal income tax benefits to be nonrecurring in nature, with a portion of the remaining benefits to be realizable in the future. The $2.8 million of additional tax benefits recognized during the third quarter was driven by three distinct items, which were comprised of (1) a cost-segregation study, (2) an automatic change in tax-accounting method, and (3) R&D federal tax credits.

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During the second quarter of 2018, the Company began a cost-segregation study that was completed during the third quarter of 2018. The Company’s cost-segregation study assigned revised tax lives to select fixed assets resulting from a detailed engineering-based analysis. The more detailed classification of fixed assets allowed the Company a large one-time recognition of additional depreciation expense for its 2017 federal tax return at a 35% income tax rate, as opposed to the TCJA rate of 21% it previously expected to receive for these deductions in the future. The Company also made the decision to adopt an automatic tax-accounting-method change related to loan origination costs during the third quarter of 2018, as it was preparing its 2017 federal tax return. The Company’s tax-accounting-method change related to the immediate recognition of loan origination costs for income tax purposes, as opposed to the amortization of those costs over the life of the loan. The cost-segregation study and the change in tax-accounting-method did result in a further impact from the TCJA, as they affected the Company’s final 2017 federal tax return due October 15, 2018.

In addition to the completed cost-segregation study and the change in the tax-accounting-method related to loan origination costs, the Company also completed an R&D tax-credit study during the third quarter of 2018, which resulted in the recognition of R&D credits dating back to 2014. The Company estimates that the $2.8 million benefit of all three of these distinct tax-related items also increased its third quarter 2018 Diluted EPS by $0.13.

The following are general highlights by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

Net income increased $4.4 million, or 58%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $3.4 million of the $4.4 million increase was attributable to the previously mentioned federal income tax benefits.

Net interest income increased $3.3 million, or 9%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

The Traditional Banking provision for loan and lease losses (“Provision”) was $696,000 for the third quarter of 2018 compared to $683,000 for the same period in 2017.

Total noninterest income increased $734,000, or 10%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Total noninterest expense increased $2.6 million, or 8%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to same period in 2017.

Warehouse Lending segment

Net income increased $390,000, or 15%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $522,000 of the previously mentioned federal income tax benefit contributed to the increase in net income.

Net interest income decreased $323,000, or 7%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

The Warehouse Provision was a net credit of $183,000 for the third quarter of 2018 compared to a net credit of $74,000 for the same period in 2017.

Average line usage was 53% during the third quarter of 2018 compared to 49% during the same period in 2017.

Mortgage Banking segment

Within the Mortgage Banking segment, mortgage banking income increased $258,000, or 23%, during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Overall, Republic’s originations of secondary market loans totaled $49 million during the third quarter of 2018 compared to $43 million during the same period in 2017, with the Company’s gain recognized as a percent of total originations increasing to 2.28% during the third quarter of 2018 from 2.22% during the same period in 2017.

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Tax Refund Solutions segment

Net income increased $628,000, or 58%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $313,000 of the $628,000 increase was attributable to the previously mentioned federal income tax benefits.

Net interest income increased $53,000 for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Overall, TRS recorded a net credit to the Provision of $1.0 million during the third quarter of 2018 compared to a net credit of $840,000 for the same period in 2017.

Noninterest income increased $8,000, or 3%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Noninterest expense was $2.7 million for the third quarter of 2018 compared to $2.9 million for the same period in 2017.

Republic Credit Solutions segment

Net income increased $936,000, or 59%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $444,000 of the $936,000 increase was attributable to the previously mentioned federal income tax benefits.

Net interest income increased $1.7 million, or 28%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Overall, RCS recorded a net charge to the Provision of $4.6 million during the third quarter of 2018 compared to a net charge of $4.5 million for the same period in 2017.

Noninterest income increased $32,000, or 2%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Noninterest expense was $1.8 million for the third quarter of 2018 compared to $898,000 for the same period in 2017.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017)

Net Interest Income

Banking operations are significantly dependent upon net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investment securities and the interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities used to fund those assets, such as interest-bearing deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances. Net interest income is impacted by both changes in the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as market interest rates.

A large amount of the Company’s financial instruments track closely with or are primarily indexed to either the FFTR, the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate (“WSJ Prime”), or LIBOR. These market rates have trended higher since December 2015. Additionally, the FOMC of the FRB has provided further guidance that an additional FFTR increase is probable during the remainder of 2018. Additional increases in short-term interest rates and overall market rates are generally believed by management to be favorable to the Bank’s net interest income and net interest margin in the near term. Increases in short-term interest rates, however, could have a negative impact on net interest income and net interest margin if the Bank is unable to maintain its deposit balances and the cost of those deposits at the levels assumed in its interest-rate-risk model. In addition, a flattening of the yield curve, causing the spread between long-term interest rates and short-term interest rates to decrease, could negatively impact the Company’s net interest income and net interest margin. Unknown variables, which may impact the Company’s net interest income and net interest margin in the future, include, but are not limited to, the actual steepness of the yield curve, future demand for the Bank’s financial products and the Bank’s overall future liquidity needs.

Total Company net interest income increased $4.7 million, or 10%, during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Net interest margin expansion was the primary driver of the increase in net interest income, with loan growth providing a meaningful boost as well. Total Company net interest margin increased to 4.32% during the third quarter of 2018 compared to 4.17% for the same period in 2017.

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The following were the most significant components affecting the Company’s net interest income by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

The Traditional Banking’s net interest income increased $3.3 million, or 9%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Traditional Banking’s net interest margin was 3.82% for the third quarter of 2018, an increase of 12 basis points over the same period in 2017.

The following factors primarily drove the increases in the Traditional Bank’s net interest income and net interest margin during the third quarter of 2018:

Average Traditional Bank loans outstanding, excluding loans from the Company’s 2012 FDIC-assisted transactions, grew to $3.5 billion during the third quarter of 2018 from $3.3 billion during the third quarter of 2017, an increase of 6%. This growth was largely concentrated in the commercial loan sector, with average CRE balances growing $101 million, or 9%, and average C&I balances growing $55 million, or 20%.

The Traditional Bank’s 2012 FDIC-assisted transactions contributed $1.7 million less in net interest income during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, as one large pay-off during the third quarter of 2017 contributed approximately $1.6 million of accretion to net interest income. Substantially all of the remaining accretable discount on the acquired loans had been recognized by December 31, 2017.

The weighted average yield on Traditional Bank loans, excluding loans from the Company’s 2012 FDIC-assisted transactions, expanded to 4.74% during the third quarter of 2018 compared to a weighted average yield of 4.41% during the third quarter of 2017. As expected, yields on variable rate portfolios that frequently reprice to an index, such as WSJ Prime, reflected greater expansion than their fixed or adjustable rate counterparts.

The difference between the Traditional Bank’s net interest margin and net interest spread was 15 basis points during the third quarter of 2018 compared to 11 basis points during the third quarter of 2017. The differential between the net interest margin and net interest spread represents the value of the Traditional Bank’s noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity to its net interest margin. Because of rising short-term interest rates from September 30, 2017 to September 30, 2018, as measured by the increase of 100 basis points in the Federal Funds Target Rate during this period, the contribution of the Traditional Bank’s noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity to the net interest margin increased significantly.

Warehouse Lending segment

Warehouse’s net interest income decreased $323,000, or 7%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. An internal change in the way the Company assigns cost of funds to its Warehouse segment through its Funds Transfer Pricing (“FTP”) methodology resulted in the Warehouse segment’s fluctuation in net interest income. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company changed its Warehouse FTP methodology to be more consistent with that used for other Core Bank loan products with similar pricing and duration characteristics. This change had a $272,000 negative comparable impact on the Warehouse segment’s net interest income for the third quarter of 2018 and a corresponding positive comparable impact of $272,000 to the Traditional Banking segment’s net interest income.

Republic Credit Solutions segment

RCS’s net interest income increased $1.7 million, or 28%, from the third quarter of 2017 to the third quarter of 2018. The increase was driven primarily by growth in fee income from the segment’s line-of-credit product. Loan fees on RCS’s line-of-credit product recorded as interest income increased to $6.7 million during the third quarter of 2018 compared to $5.4 million during the same period in 2017 and accounted for 81% and 87% of all RCS interest income on loans during the periods.

Future long-term growth in interest income from RCS’s line-of-credit product will be restricted by a current on-balance-sheet Board-approved risk limit of $37 million for the Company. As of September 30, 2018, the total outstanding on-balance-sheet amount, including loans held for sale, related to this product was $32 million.

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Table 2 — Total Company Average Balance Sheets and Interest Rates



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018						Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Average				Average		Average				Average
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Interest		Rate		Balance		Interest		Rate

ASSETS

Interest-earning assets:
Investment securities, including FHLB stock(1)	$	530,468	$	3,483	2.63	%	$	552,821	$	2,793	2.02	%
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning deposits		265,111		1,311	1.98			208,688		661	1.27
Other RPG loans(3)(6)		97,748		8,032	32.87			48,371		6,072	50.21
Outstanding Warehouse lines of credit(4)(6)		541,592		7,068	5.22			535,703		6,170	4.61
All other Traditional Bank loans(5)(6)		3,473,586		41,196	4.74			3,291,346		38,029	4.62

Total interest-earning assets		4,908,505		61,090	4.98			4,636,929		53,725	4.63

Allowance for loan and lease losses		(45,319)						(38,797)

Noninterest-earning assets:
Noninterest-earning cash and cash equivalents		58,389						63,244
Premises and equipment, net		46,301						44,674
Bank owned life insurance		64,248						62,798
Other assets(1)		69,162						65,805
Total assets	$	5,101,286					$	4,834,653

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Transaction accounts	$	1,139,113	$	1,238	0.43	%	$	1,122,087	$	753	0.27	%
Money market accounts		663,241		1,079	0.65			549,534		426	0.31
Time deposits		359,417		1,553	1.73			278,566		843	1.21
Reciprocal money market and time deposits		290,561		581	0.80			230,970		300	0.52
Brokered deposits		23,756		111	1.87			68,279		265	1.55

Total interest-bearing deposits		2,476,088		4,562	0.74			2,249,436		2,587	0.46

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings		213,195		317	0.59			208,160		161	0.31
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		574,130		2,782	1.94			618,750		2,383	1.54
Subordinated note		41,240		396	3.84			41,240		287	2.78

Total interest-bearing liabilities		3,304,653		8,057	0.98			3,117,586		5,418	0.70

Noninterest-bearing liabilities and Stockholders’ equity:
Noninterest-bearing deposits		1,076,967						1,052,162
Other liabilities		44,196						31,031
Stockholders’ equity		675,470						633,874
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	5,101,286					$	4,834,653

Net interest income			$	53,033					$	48,307

Net interest spread					4.00	%					3.93	%

Net interest margin					4.32	%					4.17	%

(1)

For the purpose of this calculation, the fair market value adjustment on debt securities is included as a component of other assets.

(2)

Interest income from Easy Advances is composed entirely of loan fees.

(3)

Interest income includes loan fees of $6.7 million and $5.4 million.

(4)

Interest income includes loan fees of $833,000 and $828,000.

(5)

Interest income includes loan fees of $1.6 million and $2.9 million.

(6)

Average balances for loans include the principal balance of nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale, and are inclusive of all loan premiums, discounts, fees and costs.

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Table 3 illustrates the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities impacted Republic’s interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to (i) changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume) and (iii) net change. The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate.

Table 3 — Total Company Volume/Rate Variance Analysis


		Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
		Compared to
		Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Total Net		Increase / (Decrease) Due to
(in thousands)	Change		Volume		Rate

Interest income:

Investment securities, including FHLB stock	$	690	$	(117)	$	807
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning deposits		650		211		439
Other RPG loans		1,960		4,599		(2,639)
Outstanding Warehouse lines of credit		898		68		830
All other Traditional Bank loans		3,167		2,143		1,024
Net change in interest income		7,365		6,904		461

Interest expense:

Transaction accounts		485		12		473
Money market accounts		653		103		550
Time deposits		710		287		423
Reciprocal money market and time deposits		281		91		190
Brokered deposits		(154)		(200)		46
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings		156		4		152
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		399		(182)		581
Subordinated note		109		—		109
Net change in interest expense		2,639		115		2,524

Net change in net interest income	$	4,726	$	6,789	$	(2,063)

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Provision for Loan and Lease Losses

The Company recorded a Provision of $4.1 million for the third quarter of 2018, compared to $4.2 million for the same period in 2017. The following were the most significant components comprising the Company’s Provision by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

The Traditional Banking Provision during the third quarter of 2018 was $696,000 compared to $683,000 for the third quarter of 2017. The following is an analysis of the Provision for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017:

Related to the Bank’s pass-rated and non-rated credits, the Bank recorded net charges of $643,000 and $622,000 to the Provision for the third quarters of 2018 and 2017. Loan growth primarily drove the charge to the Provision in both periods.

The Provision for activity related to loans rated Substandard, Special Mention, and purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) was considered immaterial for the third quarters of 2018 and 2017.

As a percentage of total loans, the Traditional Banking Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (“Allowance”) was 0.86% at September 30, 2018 compared to 0.85% at December 31, 2017 and 0.84% at September 30, 2017. The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for Traditional Banking loan losses at September 30, 2018.

See the sections titled “Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” and “Asset Quality” in this section of the filing under “Comparison of Financial Condition” for additional discussion regarding the Provision and the Bank’s credit quality.

Warehouse Lending segment

Warehouse recorded a net credit to the Provision of $183,000 for the third quarter of 2018 compared to a net credit of $74,000 for the same period in 2017. The Provision for both periods reflected changes in general reserves consistent with changes in outstanding period-end balances. Outstanding Warehouse period-end balances decreased $73 million during the third quarter of 2018 compared to a decrease of $29 million during the third quarter of 2017.

As a percentage of total Warehouse outstanding balances, the Warehouse Allowance was 0.25% at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017. The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for Warehouse loan losses at September 30, 2018.

Tax Refund Solutions segment

TRS recorded a net credit to the Provision of $1.0 million during the third quarter of 2018 compared to a net credit of $840,000 for the same period in 2017. These credits resulted from downward adjustments to the Provision for EA losses previously made during the second quarters of 2018 and 2017. The Company adjusted downward its Provision as a percent of total EA originations 0.24% during the third quarter of 2018 from 2.88% at June 30, 2018 to 2.64% at September 30, 2018, while a similar downward adjustment of 0.26% was made during the third quarter of 2017 from 2.40% at June 30, 2017 to 2.14% at September 30, 2017. Each 0.10% in estimated loan loss reserves for EAs during 2018 equates to approximately $430,000 in Provision expense, while each 0.10% during 2017 equated to approximately $329,000.

As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, all unpaid EAs originated during each year had been charged-off.

See additional detail regarding the EA product under Footnote 4 “Loans and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements.”

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Republic Credit Solutions segment

RCS recorded a net charge to the Provision of $4.6 million during the third quarter of 2018 compared to a net charge to the Provision of $4.5 million for the same period in 2017. Growth in outstanding balances for RCS’s line-of-credit product primarily drove the increase in RCS Provision.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/servicer discontinued the marketing of RCS’s subprime credit-card product to potential new clients as the two parties deliberated the future direction of the program. During the third quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/servicer reached an agreement in concept to sell 100% of the existing portfolio to an unrelated third party. As a result, the Bank reclassified its 10% interest into a held-for-sale category and charged the entire RCS credit-card portfolio down to its estimated net realizable value. Concurrent with this reclassification, the Company relieved all Allowance connected to this product against the RCS Provision.

The following table presents RCS Provision by product:

Table 4 — RCS Provision by Product


	Three Months Ended Sep. 30,
(in thousands)	2018			2017	$ Change

Product:
Line of credit	$	4,131	$	3,755	$	376
Credit card		460		697		(237)
Hospital receivables		1		—		1
Total	$	4,592	$	4,452	$	140

RCS loans generally return higher yields but also present a greater credit risk than Traditional Banking loan products. As a percentage of total RCS loans, the RCS Allowance was 14.58% at September 30, 2018, 18.85% at December 31, 2017 and 20.59% at September 30, 2017. The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for RCS loan losses at September 30, 2018.

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Table 5 — Summary of Loan and Lease Loss Experience


	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2018			2017

Allowance at beginning of period	$	45,047		$	37,898

Charge-offs:

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate		(47)			(52)
Commercial real estate		—			—
Construction & land development		—			—
Commercial & industrial		(75)			(152)
Lease financing receivables		—			—
Home equity		(14)			(4)
Consumer		(535)			(481)
Total Traditional Banking		(671)			(689)
Warehouse lines of credit		—			—
Total Core Banking		(671)			(689)

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—			—
Other TRS loans		—			—
Republic Credit Solutions		(6,204)			(2,680)
Total Republic Processing Group		(6,204)			(2,680)
Total charge-offs		(6,875)			(3,369)

Recoveries:

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate		18			107
Commercial real estate		1			77
Construction & land development		3			3
Commercial & industrial		4			12
Lease financing receivables		—			—
Home equity		59			51
Consumer		146			125
Total Traditional Banking		231			375
Warehouse lines of credit		—			—
Total Core Banking		231			375

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		1,036			840
Other TRS loans		—			—
Republic Credit Solutions		308			226
Total Republic Processing Group		1,344			1,066

Total recoveries		1,575			1,441

Net loan charge-offs		(5,300)			(1,928)

Provision - Core Banking		513			609
Provision - RPG		3,564			3,612
Total Provision		4,077			4,221
Allowance at end of period	$	43,824		$	40,191

Credit Quality Ratios - Total Company:

Allowance to total loans		1.06	%		1.02	%
Allowance to nonperforming loans		254			245
Net loan charge-offs to average loans		0.52			0.20

Credit Quality Ratios - Core Banking:

Allowance to total loans		0.78	%		0.76	%
Allowance to nonperforming loans		185			190
Net loan charge-offs to average loans		0.04			0.03

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Noninterest Income

Total Company noninterest income increased $1.1 million, or 11%, during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The following were the most significant components comprising the total Company’s noninterest income by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

Traditional Banking’s noninterest income increased $734,000, or 10%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The following were the most significant categories affecting the change in noninterest income for the quarter:

Service charges on deposit accounts increased $184,000, or 5%, to $3.6 million for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The Bank earns a substantial majority of its fee income related to its overdraft service program from the per item fee it assesses its customers for each insufficient funds check or electronic debit presented for payment. The total per item fees, net of refunds, included in service charges on deposits remained at $2.2 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Driven primarily by a $2 per day increase in daily overdraft charges initiated in July 2018, the Bank’s total daily overdraft charges, net of refunds and included in interest income, increased $126,000 to $591,000 during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Interchange income increased $289,000, or 12%, driven primarily by a 10% year-over-year increase in active debit cards.

Mortgage Banking segment

Mortgage banking income increased $258,000, or 23%, during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Overall, Republic’s originations of secondary market loans totaled $49 million during the third quarter of 2018 compared to $43 million during the same period in 2017, with the Company’s gain recognized as a percent of total originations increasing to 2.28% during the third quarter of 2018 from 2.22% during the same period in 2017.

Republic Credit Solutions segment

RCS’s noninterest income increased $32,000, or 2%, during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Program fees are the largest component of RCS’s noninterest income and primarily represent net gains from the sale of consumer loans. RCS loans sold totaled $205 million for the third quarter of 2018 compared to $178 million for the same period in 2017. As illustrated in Table 6 below, the increase in program fees resulted from an increase in fees associated with RCS’s line-of-credit product partially offset by a decrease in fees associated with its installment loan product.

The decrease in program fees associated with RCS’s installment loan product resulted from the suspension of loan originations and sales through this program during the second quarter of 2018. Concurrent with the suspension of this program, the Bank reclassified approximately $2.2 million of these loans from “held for sale” to “held for investment” on the balance sheet. Mark-to-market adjustments for this product are recorded as a component of program fees.

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The following table presents RCS program fees by product:

Table 6 — RCS Program Fees by Product


	Three Months Ended Sep. 30,
(in thousands)	2018			2017	$ Change

Product:
Line of credit	$	1,168	$	953	$	215
Credit card		382		399		(17)
Hospital receivables		27		—		27
Installment loans*		16		182		(166)
Total	$	1,593	$	1,534	$	59

*The Company has elected the fair value option for this product, with fair value adjustments recorded as a component of program fees.

Noninterest Expense

Total Company noninterest expense increased $3.2 million, or 8%, during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The following were the most significant components comprising the increase in noninterest expense by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

Traditional Banking noninterest expense increased $2.6 million, or 8%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The following were the most significant categories affecting the change in noninterest expense for the quarter:

Salaries and benefits expense increased $2.5 million, or 15%, driven partially by annual merit increases, partially by an increase of approximately 87 Traditional Bank full-time-equivalent employees over the previous 12 months, and partially by a $1.1 million increase in incentive compensation, as the Company remained on pace during the first nine months of 2018 to achieve some of its more aggressive budgeted targets for the year, resulting in expected higher incentive payouts.

New and upgraded technology implemented in the previous 12 months to support several key strategic Core Bank initiatives caused data processing expenses to increase $449,000, or 32%. Such initiatives include improving the Company’s client relationship management system, its online banking functionality, and the overall security of client information and assets.

Offsetting the increases above was a decrease of $839,000 in impairment of premises for sale. During the third quarter of 2017, the Traditional Bank recorded a $907,000 nonrecurring impairment charge for a property the Company began marketing for sale.

Republic Credit Solutions segment

RCS’s noninterest expense increased $906,000 during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, primarily driven by higher professional fees resulting from corporate income-tax consultation matters and contingent legal reserves.

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OVERVIEW (Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017)

Total Company net income for the first nine months of 2018 was $60.5 million, a $19.8 million, or 48%, increase from the same period in 2017. Diluted EPS increased to $2.90 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $1.96 for the same period in 2017.

Pre-tax earnings for the first nine months of 2018 increased 20% over the same period in 2017. The Company’s performance metrics for the first nine months of 2018 were positively impacted by the 2017 TCJA, which, among other things, lowered the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. The Company estimates that the lower effective tax rate alone benefitted its metrics for the first nine months of 2018 by increasing net income approximately $8.2 million and Diluted EPS by $0.39.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company began a cost-segregation study that was completed during the third quarter of 2018. The Company’s cost-segregation study assigned revised tax lives to select fixed assets resulting from a detailed engineering-based analysis. The more detailed classification of fixed assets allowed the Company a large one-time recognition of additional depreciation expense for its 2017 federal tax return at a 35% income tax rate, as opposed to the TCJA rate of 21% it previously expected to receive for these deductions in the future. The Company also made the decision to adopt an automatic tax-accounting-method change related to loan origination costs during the third quarter of 2018, as it was preparing its 2017 federal tax return. The Company’s tax-accounting-method change related to the immediate recognition of loan origination costs for income tax purposes, as opposed to the amortization of those costs over the life of the loan. The cost-segregation study and the change in tax-accounting method did result in a further impact from the TCJA, as they affected the Company’s final 2017 federal tax return due October 15, 2018.

In addition to the completed cost-segregation study and the change in the tax-accounting method related to loan origination costs, the Company also completed an R&D tax-credit study during the third quarter of 2018, which resulted in the recognition of R&D credits dating back to 2014. The Company estimates that the $2.8 million benefit of all three of these distinct tax-related items also increased its Diluted EPS for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, by $0.13.

The following are general highlights by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

Net income increased $10.8 million, or 56%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $5.5 million of the $10.8 million increase was attributable to the previously mentioned federal income tax benefits.

Net interest income increased $14.7 million, or 14%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

The Traditional Banking Provision was $2.2 million for the first nine months of 2018 compared to $2.6 million for the same period in 2017.

Total noninterest income increased $2.0 million, or 10%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Total noninterest expense increased $10.1 million, or 11%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to same period in 2017.

Gross Traditional Bank loans grew $80 million, or 2%, from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018.

Total nonperforming loans to total loans was 0.49% at September 30, 2018 compared to 0.41% at December 31, 2017.

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Delinquent loans to total loans increased to 0.34% at September 30, 2018 compared to 0.25% at December 31, 2017.

Warehouse Lending segment

Net income increased $616,000, or 9%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $1.1 million of the previously mentioned federal income tax benefit contributed to the increase in net income.

Net interest income decreased $904,000, or 7%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

The Warehouse Provision was a net charge of $88,000 for the first nine months of 2018 compared to a net credit of $36,000 for the same period in 2017.

Total committed Warehouse lines remained at $1.0 billion from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018.

Average line usage was 49% during the first nine months of 2018 compared to 47% during the same period in 2017.

Mortgage Banking segment

Within the Mortgage Banking segment, mortgage banking income decreased $11,000 during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Overall, Republic’s originations of secondary market loans totaled $133 million during the first nine months of 2018 compared to $119 million during the same period in 2017, with the Company’s gain recognized as a percent of total originations decreasing to 2.24% during the first nine months of 2018 from 2.70% during the same period in 2017.

Tax Refund Solutions segment

Net income increased $3.7 million, or 36%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $2.7 million of the $3.7 million increase was attributable to the previously mentioned federal income tax benefits.

Net interest income increased $3.9 million, or 26%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Total EA originations were $430 million during the first nine months of 2018 compared to $329 million for the same period in 2017.

Overall, TRS recorded a net charge to the Provision of $11.5 million during the first nine months of 2018 compared to a net charge of $6.8 million for the same period in 2017.

Noninterest income increased $2.9 million, or 15%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Net RT revenue increased $1.6 million, or 9%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Noninterest expense was $11.5 million for the first nine months of 2018 compared to $10.9 million for the same period in 2017.

Republic Credit Solutions segment

Net income increased $4.5 million for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Approximately $1.0 million of the $4.5 million increase was attributable to the previously mentioned federal income tax benefits.

Net interest income increased $6.1 million, or 38%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Overall, RCS recorded a net charge to the Provision of $12.5 million during the first nine months of 2018 compared to a net charge of $12.3 million for the same period in 2017.

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Noninterest income increased $220,000, or 4%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Noninterest expense was $3.8 million for the first nine months of 2018 compared to $2.5 million for the same period in 2017.

Total nonperforming loans to total loans was 0.29% at September 30, 2018 compared to 1.40% at December 31, 2017.

Delinquent loans to total loans was 7.07% at September 30, 2018 compared to 8.43% at December 31, 2017.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017)

Net Interest Income

Banking operations are significantly dependent upon net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investment securities and the interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities used to fund those assets, such as interest-bearing deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and FHLB advances. Net interest income is impacted by both changes in the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as market interest rates.

A large amount of the Company’s financial instruments track closely with or are primarily indexed to either the FFTR, the WSJ Prime, or LIBOR. These market rates have trended higher since December 2015. Additionally, the FOMC of the FRB has provided further guidance that an additional FFTR increase is probable during the remainder of 2018. Additional increases in short-term interest rates and overall market rates are generally believed by management to be favorable to the Bank’s net interest income and net interest margin in the near term. Increases in short-term interest rates, however, could have a negative impact on net interest income and net interest margin if the Bank is unable to maintain its deposit balances and the cost of those deposits at the levels assumed in its interest rate risk model. In addition, a flattening of the yield curve, causing the spread between long-term interest rates and short-term interest rates to decrease, could negatively impact the Company’s net interest income and net interest margin. Unknown variables, which may impact the Company’s net interest income and net interest margin in the future, include, but are not limited to, the actual steepness of the yield curve, future demand for the Bank’s financial products and the Bank’s overall future liquidity needs.

Total Company net interest income increased $23.9 million, or 16%, during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Loan growth and margin expansion both contributed to the Company’s growth in net interest income. Total Company net interest margin increased to 4.67% during the first nine months of 2018 compared to 4.34% for the same period in 2017.

The following were the most significant components affecting the Company’s net interest income by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

The Traditional Banking’s net interest income increased $14.7 million, or 14%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Traditional Banking’s net interest margin was 3.71% for the first nine months of 2018, an increase of 23 basis points over the same period in 2017.

The following factors primarily drove the increases in the Traditional Bank’s net interest income and net interest margin during the first nine months of 2018:

Average Traditional Bank loans outstanding, excluding loans from the Company’s 2012 FDIC-assisted transactions, grew to $3.4 billion during the first nine months of 2018 from $3.2 billion during the first nine months of 2017, an increase of 7%. This growth was largely concentrated in the commercial loan sector, with average CRE balances growing $148 million, or 14%, and average C&I balances growing $68 million, or 26%.

The Traditional Bank’s 2012 FDIC-assisted transactions contributed $2.2 million less in net interest income during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, as one large pay-off during the third quarter of 2017 contributed approximately $1.7 million of accretion to net interest income. Substantially all of the remaining accretable discount on the acquired loans had been recognized by December 31, 2017.

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The weighted average yield of Traditional Bank loans, excluding loans from the Company’s 2012 FDIC-assisted transactions, expanded to 4.59% during the first nine months of 2018 compared to a weighted average yield of 4.28% during the first nine months of 2017. As expected, yields on variable rate portfolios that frequently reprice to an index, such as WSJ Prime, reflected greater expansion than their fixed or adjustable rate counterparts.

The difference between the Traditional Bank’s net interest margin and net interest spread was 14 basis points during the first nine months of 2018 compared to 10 basis points during the same period in 2017. The differential between the net interest margin and net interest spread represents the value of the Traditional Bank’s noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity to its net interest margin. Because of rising short-term interest rates from September 30, 2017 to September 30, 2018, as measured by the increase of 100 basis points in the FFTR during this period, the contribution of the Traditional Bank’s noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity to the net interest margin increased significantly.

Warehouse Lending segment

Warehouse’s net interest income decreased $904,000, or 7%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. An internal change in the way the Company assigns cost of funds to its Warehouse segment through its FTP methodology resulted in the Warehouse segment’s fluctuation in net interest income. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company changed its Warehouse FTP methodology to be more consistent with that used for other Core Bank loan products with similar pricing and duration characteristics. This change had a $986,000 negative comparable impact on the Warehouse net interest income for the first nine months of 2018 and a corresponding positive comparable impact of $986,000 to the Traditional Bank’s net interest income.

Tax Refund Solutions segment

TRS’s net interest income increased $3.9 million, or 26%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. TRS’s EA product earned $17.8 million in interest income during the first nine months of 2018, a $3.6 million, or 25%, increase from the same period in 2017. The higher EA income was driven by an increase in EA origination volume, as the Company originated $430 million in EAs during the first nine months of 2018 compared to $329 million during the first nine months of 2017. The increase in EA origination volume during the first nine months of 2018 resulted from an increase in the maximum EA advance amount.

See additional detail regarding the EA product under Footnote 4 “Loans and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements.”

Republic Credit Solutions segment

RCS’s net interest income increased $6.1 million, or 38%, from the first nine months of 2017 to the first nine months of 2018. The increase was driven primarily by an increase in fee income from RCS’s line-of-credit product. Loan fees on RCS’s line-of-credit product recorded as interest income increased to $19.0 million during the first nine months of 2018 compared to $14.3 million during the same period in 2017 and accounted for 82% and 88% of all RCS interest income on loans during the periods.

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Table 7 — Total Company Average Balance Sheets and Interest Rates


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Average				Average		Average				Average
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Interest		Rate		Balance		Interest		Rate

ASSETS

Interest-earning assets:
Investment securities, including FHLB stock(1)	$	529,731	$	9,780	2.46	%	$	578,963	$	8,051	1.85	%
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning deposits		274,773		3,632	1.76			174,538		1,368	1.05
TRS Easy Advance loans (2)		41,631		17,830	57.10			26,210		14,220	72.34
Other RPG loans(3)(6)		88,664		23,531	35.39			43,072		16,632	51.49
Outstanding Warehouse lines of credit(4)(6)		510,732		19,368	5.06			487,545		16,253	4.44
All other Traditional Bank loans(5)(6)		3,454,874		119,138	4.60			3,228,812		105,905	4.37

Total interest-earning assets		4,900,405		193,279	5.26			4,539,140		162,429	4.77

Allowance for loan and lease losses		(49,052)						(38,476)

Noninterest-earning assets:
Noninterest-earning cash and cash equivalents		125,295						111,946
Premises and equipment, net		46,478						44,224
Bank owned life insurance		63,938						62,378
Other assets(1)		63,710						64,222
Total assets	$	5,150,774					$	4,783,434

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Transaction accounts	$	1,119,192	$	2,980	0.36	%	$	1,085,030	$	1,697	0.21	%
Money market accounts		615,336		2,575	0.56			551,270		1,108	0.27
Time deposits		341,348		4,005	1.56			251,795		2,132	1.13
Reciprocal money market and time deposits		316,067		1,708	0.72			208,449		610	0.39
Brokered deposits		42,464		588	1.85			132,187		1,243	1.25

Total interest-bearing deposits		2,434,407		11,856	0.65			2,228,731		6,790	0.41

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings		216,070		752	0.46			202,018		332	0.22
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		571,136		7,779	1.82			572,390		6,618	1.54
Subordinated note		41,240		1,110	3.59			41,240		807	2.61

Total interest-bearing liabilities		3,262,853		21,497	0.88			3,044,379		14,547	0.64

Noninterest-bearing liabilities and Stockholders’ equity:
Noninterest-bearing deposits		1,180,187						1,082,361
Other liabilities		47,555						32,530
Stockholders’ equity		660,179						624,164
Total liabilities and stock-holders’ equity	$	5,150,774					$	4,783,434

Net interest income			$	171,782					$	147,882

Net interest spread					4.38	%					4.13	%

Net interest margin					4.67	%					4.34	%

(1)

For the purpose of this calculation, the fair market value adjustment on debt securities is included as a component of other assets.

(2)

Interest income for Easy Advances is composed entirely of loan fees.

(3)

Interest income includes loan fees of $19.9 million and $15.0 million.

(4)

Interest income includes loan fees of $2.3 million and $2.5 million.

(5)

Interest income includes loan fees of $4.3 million and $5.1 million.

(6)

Average balances for loans include the principal balance of nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale, and are inclusive of all loan premiums, discounts, fees and costs.

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Table 8 illustrates the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities impacted Republic’s interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to (i) changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume) and (iii) net change. The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate.

Table 8 — Total Company Volume/Rate Variance Analysis


		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
		Compared to
		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Total Net		Increase / (Decrease) Due to
(in thousands)	Change		Volume		Rate

Interest income:

Investment securities, including FHLB stock	$	1,729	$	(731)	$	2,460
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning deposits		2,264		1,032		1,232
TRS Easy Advance loans		3,610		7,069		(3,459)
Other RPG loans		6,899		13,355		(6,456)
Outstanding Warehouse lines of credit		3,115		800		2,315
All other Traditional Bank loans		13,233		7,634		5,599
Net change in interest income		30,850		29,159		1,691

Interest expense:

Transaction accounts		1,283		55		1,228
Money market accounts		1,467		142		1,325
Time deposits		1,873		898		975
Reciprocal money market and time deposits		1,098		416		682
Brokered deposits		(655)		(1,079)		424
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings		420		25		395
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		1,161		(14)		1,175
Subordinated note		303		—		303
Net change in interest expense		6,950		443		6,507

Net change in net interest income	$	23,900	$	28,716	$	(4,816)

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Provision for Loan and Lease Losses

The Company recorded a Provision of $26.3 million for the first nine months of 2018 compared to $21.6 million for the same period in 2017. The following were the most significant components comprising the Company’s Provision by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

The Traditional Banking Provision during the first nine months of 2018 was $2.2 million, compared to $2.6 million for the first nine months of 2017. An analysis of the Provision for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 follows:

Related to the Bank’s pass-rated and non-rated credits, the Bank recorded net charges of $2.1 million and $2.7 million to the Provision for the first nine months of 2018 and 2017. Loan growth primarily drove the net charge to the Provision in both periods.

The Bank recorded a net charge to the Provision of $250,000 for the first nine months of 2018 compared to a net credit to the Provision of $264,000 for the same period in 2017 for activity related to loans rated Substandard and Special Mention.

The Provision for activity related to loans rated PCI was considered immaterial for the first nine months of 2018 and 2017.

As a percentage of total loans, the Traditional Banking Allowance was 0.86% at September 30, 2018 compared to 0.85% at December 31, 2017 and 0.84% at September 30, 2017. The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for Traditional Banking loan losses at September 30, 2018.

Warehouse Lending segment

Warehouse recorded a net charge to the Provision of $88,000 for the first nine months of 2018 compared to a net credit of $36,000 for the same period in 2017. Provision expense for both periods reflected changes in general reserves consistent with changes in outstanding period-end balances. Outstanding Warehouse period-end balances increased $35 million during the first nine months of 2018 compared to a decrease of $14 million during the first nine months of 2017.

Tax Refund Solutions segment

TRS recorded a net charge to the Provision of $11.5 million during the first nine months of 2018 compared to a net charge of $6.8 million for the same period in 2017. An increase in net loss on EA loans resulting from both a higher volume of EA originations and a higher EA loss rate drove the increased TRS Provision. TRS originated $430 million of EAs during the first nine months of 2018 compared to $329 million for the same period in 2017. The Company’s net loss on EAs to total EA originations for the first nine months of 2018 increased 50 basis points from the first nine months of 2017 to 2.64%. Each 0.10% in estimated loan loss reserves for EAs during 2018 equates to approximately $430,000 in Provision expense, while each 0.10% during 2017 equated to approximately $329,000. The Company finished 2017 with an actual net loss on EAs of 2.07% of total 2017 EA originations.

As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, all unpaid EAs originated during each year had been charged-off.

See additional detail regarding the EA product under Footnote 4 “Loans and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements.”

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Republic Credit Solutions segment

RCS recorded a net charge to the Provision of $12.5 million during the first nine months of 2018 compared to a net charge to the Provision of $12.3 million or the same period in 2017. A $1.3 million increase in Provision related to RCS’s subprime credit-card product was offset almost entirely by a $1.1 million reduction in Provision related to RCS’s line-of-credit product. An increase in net charge-offs from the first nine months of 2017 to the first nine months of 2018 primarily drove the increase in Provision related to the credit-card product, while the lower Provision for RCS’s line-of-credit product resulted from seasoning of the portfolio coupled with stabilization of net charge-offs for this product from period to period.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/servicer discontinued the marketing of RCS’s credit-card product to potential new clients as the two parties deliberated the future direction of the program. During the third quarter of 2018, the Bank and its third-party marketer/servicer reached an agreement in concept to sell 100% of the existing portfolio to an unrelated third party. As a result, the Bank reclassified its 10% interest into a held-for-sale category and charged the entire RCS credit-card portfolio down to its estimated net realizable value. Concurrent with this reclassification, the Company relieved all Allowance connected to this product against the RCS Provision.

The following table presents RCS Provision by product:

Table 9 — RCS Provision by Product


	Nine Months Ended Sep. 30,
(in thousands)	2018			2017	$ Change

Product:
Line of credit	$	9,775	$	10,853	$	(1,078)
Credit card		2,728		1,425		1,303
Hospital receivables		42		17		25
Total	$	12,545	$	12,295	$	250

While RCS loans generally return higher yields, they also present a greater credit risk than Traditional Banking loan products. As a percentage of total RCS loans, the RCS Allowance was 14.58% at September 30, 2018, 18.85% at December 31, 2017 and 20.59% at September 30, 2017. The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for RCS loan losses at September 30, 2018.

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Table 10 — Summary of Loan and Lease Loss Experience


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2018			2017

Allowance at beginning of period	$	42,769		$	32,920

Charge-offs:

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate		(405)			(177)
Commercial real estate		—			—
Construction & land development		—			—
Commercial & industrial		(200)			(152)
Lease financing receivables		—			—
Home equity		(48)			(99)
Consumer		(1,542)			(1,483)
Total Traditional Banking		(2,195)			(1,911)
Warehouse lines of credit		—			—
Total Core Banking		(2,195)			(1,911)

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		(12,478)			(8,123)
Commercial & industrial		(55)			—
Republic Credit Solutions		(13,669)			(7,216)
Total Republic Processing Group		(26,202)			(15,339)
Total charge-offs		(28,397)			(17,250)

Recoveries:

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate		243			231
Commercial real estate		129			115
Construction & land development		30			4
Commercial & industrial		39			34
Lease financing receivables		—			—
Home equity		288			128
Consumer		480			442
Total Traditional Banking		1,209			954
Warehouse lines of credit		—			—
Total Core Banking		1,209			954

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		1,118			1,082
Refund Anticipation Loans		—			—
Commercial & industrial		5			253
Republic Credit Solutions		856			599
Total Republic Processing Group		1,979			1,934
Total recoveries		3,188			2,888

Net loan charge-offs		(25,209)			(14,362)

Provision - Core Banking		2,246			2,575
Provision - RPG		24,018			19,058
Total Provision		26,264			21,633
Allowance at end of period	$	43,824		$	40,191

Credit Quality Ratios - Total Company:

Allowance to total loans		1.06	%		1.02	%
Allowance to nonperforming loans		254			245
Net loan charge-offs to average loans		0.82			0.51

Credit Quality Ratios - Core Banking:

Allowance to total loans		0.78	%		0.76	%
Allowance to nonperforming loans		185			190
Net loan charge-offs to average loans		0.03			0.03

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Noninterest Income

Total Company noninterest income increased $5.1 million, or 11%, during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The following were the most significant components comprising the total Company’s noninterest income by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

Traditional Banking’s noninterest income increased $2.0 million, or 10%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The following were the most significant categories affecting the change in noninterest income:

Service charges on deposit accounts increased $634,000, or 6%, to $10.7 million for the first nine months of 2018 compared the same period in 2017. The Bank earns a substantial majority of its fee income related to its overdraft service program from the per item fee it assesses its customers for each insufficient funds check or electronic debit presented for payment. The total per item fees, net of refunds, included in service charges on deposits for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $6.4 million and $6.1 million. The total daily overdraft charges, net of refunds, included in interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $1.5 million and $1.3 million.

Interchange income increased $946,000, or 13%, driven primarily by a 10% year-over-year increase in active debit cards.

Mortgage Banking segment

Mortgage banking income decreased $11,000 during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease in mortgage banking income was primarily driven by competitive pricing pressures, which resulted in the Company offering customer incentives during the first nine months of 2018 for secondary market loans related to home-purchase transactions. These incentives contributed to a decrease in the Company’s gains as a percentage of loans originated from 2.70% during the first nine months of 2017 to 2.24% during the same period in 2018. The decline in revenue as a result of a lower gain percentage was partially offset by higher origination volume during the first nine months of 2018. Overall, Republic’s origination of secondary market loans totaled $133 million during the first nine months of 2018 compared to $119 million during the same period in 2017.

Tax Refund Solutions segment

TRS’s noninterest income increased $2.9 million, or 15%, during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Net RT revenue increased $1.7 million, or 9%, compared to the first nine months of 2017, consistent with a 7% increase in the number of RTs funded when comparing the two periods. Additionally, TRS received and recorded a $1.0 million nonrefundable capital commitment fee during the first nine months of 2018. The fee was paid by a third party upon the Company’s completion of its contractual obligations to build the infrastructure and disburse funds for a new collaborative credit product offered through the Bank to the third party’s customers.

Republic Credit Solutions segment

RCS’s noninterest income increased $220,000, or 4%, during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. A $560,000 increase in program fees partially offset by a $338,000 decrease in “other” noninterest income related to a first-year volume-guarantee payment recorded during the first nine months of 2017 drove this increase in noninterest income. Program fees are the largest component of RCS’s noninterest income and primarily represent net gains from the sale of consumer loans. RCS loans sold totaled $577 million for the first nine months of 2018 compared to $453 million for the same period in 2017. As illustrated in Table 11 below, the increase in program fees resulted from an increase in fees associated with RCS’s credit card and line-of-credit products partially offset by a decrease in fees associated with RCS’s installment loan product.

The decrease in program fees associated with RCS’s installment loan product resulted from the suspension of loan originations and sales through this program during the second quarter of 2018. Concurrent with the suspension of this program, the Bank reclassified approximately $2.2 million of these loans from “held for sale” on the balance sheet to “held for investment” and recorded a $427,000 charge to its mark-to-market fair value adjustment for these loans. Mark-to-market adjustments for this product are recorded as a component of program fees.

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The following table presents RCS program fees by product:

Table 11 — RCS Program Fees by Product


	Nine Months Ended Sep. 30,
(in thousands)	2018			2017	$ Change

Product:
Line of credit	$	3,297	$	2,782	$	515
Credit card		1,418		777		641
Hospital receivables		100		—		100
Installment loans*		(386)		310		(696)
Total	$	4,429	$	3,869	$	560

*The Company has elected the fair value option for this product, with mark-to-market adjustments recorded as a component of program fees.

Noninterest Expense

Total Company noninterest expense increased $12.2 million, or 11%, during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The following were the most significant components comprising the increase in noninterest expense by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

Traditional Banking noninterest expense increased $10.1 million, or 11%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The following were the most significant categories affecting the change in noninterest expense:

Salaries and benefits expense increased $7.7 million, driven by the following:

Annual merit increases.

An increase of approximately 87 Traditional Bank full-time-equivalent employees over the previous 12 months to support growth.

A $1.0 million increase in healthcare benefits.

A $2.2 million increase in incentive compensation, as the Company remained on pace during the first nine months of 2018 to achieve some of its more aggressive budgeted targets for the year, resulting in expected higher incentive payouts.

New and upgraded technology implemented in the previous 12 months to support several key strategic Traditional Bank initiatives caused data processing expenses to increase $1.5 million, or 35%. Such initiatives include improving the Company’s client relationship management system, its online banking functionality, and the overall security of client information and assets.

A 15% increase in depreciation expense associated with banking center renovations over the previous year drove a $1.2 million, or 7%, increase in Occupancy expense.

Offsetting the increases above was a decrease of $726,000 in impairment of premises for sale. During the third quarter of 2017, the Traditional Bank recorded a $907,000 nonrecurring impairment charge for a property the Company began marketing for sale.

Tax Refund Solutions segment

TRS’s noninterest expense increased $563,000, or 5%, during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to a $580,000 increase in salaries and benefits expense. Annual merit increases and additional staff added during the previous 12 months to support growth primarily drove the increase in salaries and benefits expense.

Republic Credit Solutions segment

RCS’s noninterest expense increased $1.3 million, or 55%, during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to higher salary expense resulting from growth within RCS programs and contingent loss reserves.

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COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AT September 30, 2018 AND December 31, 2017

Table 12 — Loan Portfolio Composition


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	$	913,228	$	921,565
Owner occupied - correspondent*		99,096		116,792
Nonowner occupied		232,306		205,081
Commercial real estate		1,214,804		1,207,293
Construction & land development		174,043		150,065
Commercial & industrial		387,766		341,692
Lease financing receivables		15,229		16,580
Home equity		332,690		347,655
Consumer:
Credit cards		19,151		16,078
Overdrafts		983		974
Automobile loans		62,179		65,650
Other consumer		38,940		20,501
Total Traditional Banking		3,490,415		3,409,926
Warehouse lines of credit*		560,814		525,572
Total Core Banking		4,051,229		3,935,498

Republic Processing Group*:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances		—		—
Other TRS loans		292		11,648
Republic Credit Solutions		84,674		66,888
Total Republic Processing Group		84,966		78,536

Total loans**		4,136,195		4,014,034
Allowance for loan and lease losses		(43,824)		(42,769)

Total loans, net	$	4,092,371	$	3,971,265

* Identifies loans to borrowers located primarily outside of the Bank’s market footprint.

** Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts and net loan origination fees and costs.

Gross loans increased by $122 million, or 3%, during 2018 to $4.1 billion at September 30, 2018. The following were the most significant components comprising the change in loans by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

Traditional Banking loans increased $80 million, or 2%, during the first nine months of 2018. Growth was primarily concentrated in commercial purpose loans, which is the Company’s primary sales focus for on-balance sheet loan growth. C&I, nonowner-occupied residential real estate, and C&D portfolios experienced growth of $46 million, $27 million, and $24 million, respectively, during the first nine months of 2018. Additionally, a $17 million increase in loans collateralized by consumer aircraft drove an $18 million increase in other consumer loans during the first nine months of 2018.

The Bank’s owner occupied residential real estate loans, including correspondent loans, declined $26 million in total. These category fluctuations were generally in-line with the Company’s overall long-term loan growth strategy, which is to reduce the Bank’s reliance on residential real estate loans for balance sheet growth and to rely more on commercial purpose loans for future growth. While the Company does currently intend to reduce its reliance on owner occupied residential real estate loans for future balance sheet growth, it

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also continues to make plans to expand its agency-eligible volume of first mortgage residential real estate loans, which it intends to sell into the secondary market in order to generate fee income.

Warehouse Lending segment

Outstanding Warehouse loans increased $35 million from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018. Due to the volatility and seasonality of the mortgage market, it is difficult to project future outstanding balances of Warehouse lines of credit. The growth of the Bank’s Warehouse Lending business greatly depends on the overall mortgage market and typically follows industry trends. Since its entrance into this business during 2011, the Bank has experienced volatility in the Warehouse portfolio consistent with overall demand for mortgage products. Weighted average quarterly usage rates on the Bank’s Warehouse lines have ranged from a low of 31% during the fourth quarter of 2013 to a high of 64% during the third quarter of 2015. On an annual basis, weighted average usage rates on the Bank’s Warehouse lines have ranged from a low of 40% during 2013 to a high of 57% during 2016.

Republic Credit Solutions segment

RCS loans increased $18 million from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018 driven primarily by the addition of $17 million in hospital receivables during the first nine months of 2018.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (“Allowance”)

The Bank maintains an allowance for probable incurred credit losses inherent in the Bank’s loan portfolio, which includes overdrawn deposit accounts. Management evaluates the adequacy of the Allowance monthly and presents and discusses the analysis with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis.

The Allowance consists of both specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. The general component relates to pooled loans collectively evaluated on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors.

Specific Component – Loans Individually Classified as Impaired

The Bank defines impaired loans as follows:

All loans internally rated as “Substandard,” “Doubtful” or “Loss”;

All loans on nonaccrual status;

All Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”);

All loans internally rated in a purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) category with cash flows that have deteriorated from management’s initial acquisition day estimate; and

Any other situation where the full collection of the total amount due for a loan is improbable or otherwise meets the definition of impaired.

Generally, loans are designated as “Classified” or “Special Mention” to ensure more frequent monitoring. These loans are reviewed to ensure proper accrual status and management strategy. If it is determined that there is serious doubt as to performance in accordance with original or modified contractual terms, then the loan is generally downgraded and may be charged down to its estimated value and placed on nonaccrual status.

Under generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the Bank uses the following methods to measure specific loan impairment, including:

Cash Flow Method — The recorded investment in the loan is measured against the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. The Bank employs this method for a significant portion of its TDRs. Impairment amounts under this method are reflected in the Bank’s Allowance as specific reserves on the respective impaired loan. These specific reserves are adjusted quarterly based upon reevaluation of the expected future cash flows and changes in the recorded investment.

Collateral Method — The recorded investment in the loan is measured against the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. The Bank employs the collateral method for its impaired loans when repayment is based solely on the sale or operations of the underlying collateral. Collateral fair value is typically based on the most recent real estate valuation on file. Measured impairment under this method is generally charged off unless the loan is a smaller-balance, homogeneous loan.

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The Bank’s estimated selling costs for its collateral-dependent loans typically range from 10-13% of the fair value of the underlying collateral, depending on the asset class. Selling costs are not applicable for collateral-dependent loans whose repayment is based solely on the operations of the underlying collateral.

In addition to obtaining appraisals at the time of origination, the Bank typically updates appraisals and/or broker price opinions (“BPOs”) for loans with potential impairment. Updated valuations for commercial-related credits exhibiting an increased risk of loss are typically obtained within one year of the previous valuation. Collateral values for delinquent residential mortgage loans and home equity loans are generally updated prior to a loan becoming 90 days delinquent, but no more than 180 days past due. When measuring impairment, to the extent updated collateral values cannot be obtained due to the lack of recent comparable sales or for other reasons, the Bank discounts such stale valuations primarily based on age of valuation and market conditions of the underlying collateral.

General Component – Pooled Loans Collectively Evaluated

The general component of the Allowance covers loans collectively evaluated for impairment by loan class and is based on historical loss experience, with potential adjustments for current relevant qualitative factors. Historical loss experience is determined by loan performance and class and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Bank. Large groups of smaller-balance, homogeneous loans are typically included in the general component but may be individually evaluated if classified as a TDR, on nonaccrual, or a case where the full collection of the total amount due for a such loan is improbable or otherwise meets the definition of impaired.

As this analysis, or any similar analysis, is an imprecise measure of loss, the Allowance is subject to ongoing adjustments. Therefore, management will often consider other significant factors that may be necessary or prudent in order to reflect probable incurred losses in the total loan portfolio.

The Company’s Allowance increased $1 million, or 2%, from December 31, 2017 to $44 million at September 30, 2018 and decreased one basis point to 1.06% of total gross loans. The following is an analysis of the Allowance by reportable segment:

Traditional Banking segment

The Traditional Banking Allowance increased $1 million to $30 million and the Allowance to total Traditional Bank loans increased one basis point to 0.86% when comparing September 30, 2018 to December 31, 2017. As historical losses within the Traditional Banking segment have remained relatively stable and low for a sustained period, no material changes to its reserve percentages were required for the first nine months of 2018.

Warehouse Lending segment

The Warehouse Allowance increased to $1.4 million and the Allowance to total Warehouse loans remained at 0.25% when comparing September 30, 2018 to December 31, 2017. As of September 30, 2018, Warehouse had not incurred any historical losses, and as a result, its Allowance was entirely qualitative in nature with no adjustments to the qualitative reserve percentage required for the first nine months of 2018.

Republic Credit Solutions segment

The RCS Allowance decreased $1 million from December 31, 2017 to $12 million at September 30, 2018, with the decrease driven by $2.3 million of reserves released for RCS’s credit card program upon reclassification of this portfolio to held-for-sale in September 2018. The release of reserves for the credit card program was partially offset by additional reserves during the first nine months of 2018 for growth in RCS’s line-of-credit program. The Allowance to total RCS loans decreased to 14.58% at September 30, 2018 from 18.85% at December 31, 2017, with the released reserves for RCS’s credit card program also driving down the Allowance to total loans.

RCS maintained an Allowance for two distinct credit products at September 30, 2018, including its subprime line-of-credit product and its healthcare-receivables product. At September 30, 2018, the Allowance to total loans estimated for each RCS product ranged from as low as 0.25% for the healthcare-receivables portfolio to as high as 38% for the subprime line-of-credit portfolio. The lower reserve percentage of 0.25% was provided for RCS’s healthcare receivables, as such receivables have recourse back to the third-party providers.

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Asset Quality

Classified and Special Mention Loans

The Bank applies credit quality indicators, or “ratings,” to individual loans based on internal Bank policies. Such internal policies are informed by regulatory standards. Loans rated “Loss,” “Doubtful,” “Substandard” and PCI-Substandard (“PCI-Sub”) are considered “Classified.” Loans rated “Special Mention” or PCI Group 1 (“PCI-1”) are considered Special Mention. The Bank’s Classified and Special Mention loans remained at approximately $49 million from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018.

See Footnote 4 “Loans and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” for additional discussion regarding Classified and Special Mention loans.

Table 13 — Classified and Special Mention Loans


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Loss	$	—	$	—
Doubtful		—		—
Substandard		22,809		21,202
Purchased Credit Impaired - Substandard		1,623		1,771
Total Classified Loans		24,432		22,973

Special Mention		22,648		23,813
Purchased Credit Impaired - Group 1		1,337		1,833
Total Special Mention Loans		23,985		25,646

Total Classified and Special Mention Loans	$	48,417	$	48,619

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Nonperforming Loans

Nonperforming loans include loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing. Impaired loans that are not placed on nonaccrual status are not included as nonperforming loans. The nonperforming loan category includes TDRs totaling approximately $10 million and $6 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Generally, all nonperforming loans are considered impaired.

Nonperforming loans to total loans increased to 0.42% at September 30, 2018 from 0.38% at December 31, 2017, as the total balance of nonperforming loans increased by $2 million, or 15%, while total loans increased $122 million, or 3%, during the first nine months of 2018.

Table 14 — Nonperforming Loans and Nonperforming Assets Summary


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017

Loans on nonaccrual status*	$	17,015		$	14,118
Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual**		254			956
Total nonperforming loans		17,269			15,074
Other real estate owned		70			115
Total nonperforming assets	$	17,339		$	15,189

Credit Quality Ratios - Total Company:
Nonperforming loans to total loans		0.42	%		0.38	%
Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO)		0.42			0.38
Nonperforming assets to total assets		0.33			0.30

Credit Quality Ratios - Core Bank:
Nonperforming loans to total loans		0.42	%		0.36	%
Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO)		0.42			0.36
Nonperforming assets to total assets		0.33			0.28

*Loans on nonaccrual status include impaired loans. See Footnote 4 “Loans and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” for additional discussion regarding impaired loans.

** Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing consist of smaller-balance consumer loans.

Approximately $13 million, or 75%, of the Bank’s total nonperforming loans at September 30, 2018, compared to $11 million, or 71%, as of December 31, 2017, were concentrated in the residential real estate category, with the underlying collateral predominantly located in the Bank’s primary market area of Kentucky.

Approximately $3 million, or 19%, of the Bank’s total nonperforming loans at September 30, 2018, compared to $3 million, or 22%, at December 31, 2017 were concentrated in the CRE and C&D portfolios. While CRE is the primary collateral for such loans, the Bank also obtains in many cases, at the time of origination, personal guarantees from the principal borrowers and/or secured liens on the guarantors’ primary residences.

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Table 15 — Nonperforming Loan Composition


	September 30, 2018					December 31, 2017
				Percent of					Percent of
				Total					Total
(in thousands)	Balance			Loan Class		Balance			Loan Class

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied		$	11,208	1.23	%		$	9,230	1.00	%
Owner occupied - correspondent			386	0.39				—	—
Nonowner occupied			681	0.29				257	0.13
Commercial real estate			3,165	0.26				3,247	0.27
Construction & land development			55	0.03				67	0.04
Commercial & industrial			629	0.16				—	—
Lease financing receivables			—	—				—	—
Home equity			769	0.23				1,217	0.35
Consumer:
Credit cards			—	—				—	—
Overdrafts			—	—				—	—
Automobile loans			98	0.16				68	0.10
Other consumer			29	0.07				51	0.25
Total Traditional Banking			17,020	0.49				14,137	0.41
Warehouse lines of credit			—	—				—	—
Total Core Banking			17,020	0.42				14,137	0.36

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances			—	—				—	—
Other TRS loans			—	—				—	—
Republic Credit Solutions			249	0.29				937	1.40
Total Republic Processing Group			249	0.29				937	1.19

Total nonperforming loans		$	17,269	0.42	%		$	15,074	0.38	%

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Table 16 — Stratification of Nonperforming Loans


	Number of Nonperforming Loans and Recorded Investment
					Balance
September 30, 2018		Balance			> $100 &			Balance			Total
(dollars in thousands)	No.	<= $100		No.	<= $500		No.	> $500		No.	Balance

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	108	$	5,035	10	$	2,057	3	$	4,116	121	$	11,208
Owner occupied - correspondent	—		—	1		386	—		—	1		386
Nonowner occupied	3		180	—		—	1		501	4		681
Commercial real estate	4		217	3		708	2		2,240	9		3,165
Construction & land development	1		55	—		—	—		—	1		55
Commercial & industrial	—		—	2		629	—		—	2		629
Lease financing receivables	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Home equity	17		399	3		370	—		—	20		769
Consumer:
Credit cards	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Overdrafts	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Automobile loans	4		98	—		—	—		—	4		98
Other consumer	17		46	—		—	—		—	17		46
Total Traditional Banking	154		6,030	19		4,150	6		6,857	179		17,037
Warehouse lines of credit	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Total Core Banking	154		6,030	19		4,150	6		6,857	179		17,037

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Other TRS loans	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Republic Credit Solutions	954		249	—		—	—		—	954		249
Total Republic Processing Group	954		249	—		—	—		—	954		249

Total	1,108	$	6,279	19	$	4,150	6	$	6,857	1,133	$	17,286


	Number of Nonperforming Loans and Recorded Investment
					Balance
December 31, 2017		Balance			> $100 &			Balance			Total
(dollars in thousands)	No.	<= $100		No.	<= $500		No.	> $500		No.	Balance

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied	102	$	4,903	14	$	2,760	1	$	1,567	117	$	9,230
Owner occupied - correspondent	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Nonowner occupied	5		156	1		101	—		—	6		257
Commercial real estate	2		112	3		767	2		2,368	7		3,247
Construction & land development	1		67	—		—	—		—	1		67
Commercial & industrial	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Lease financing receivables	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Home equity	26		615	4		602	—		—	30		1,217
Consumer:
Credit cards	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Overdrafts	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Automobile loans	3		68	—		—	—		—	3		68
Other consumer	12		51	—		—	—		—	12		51
Total Traditional Banking	151		5,972	22		4,230	3		3,935	176		14,137
Warehouse lines of credit	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Total Core Banking	151		5,972	22		4,230	3		3,935	176		14,137

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Other TRS loans	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—
Republic Credit Solutions	13,536		937	—		—	—		—	13,536		937
Total Republic Processing Group	13,536		937	—		—	—		—	13,536		937

Total	13,687	$	6,909	22	$	4,230	3	$	3,935	13,712	$	15,074

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Table 17 — Rollforward of Nonperforming Loans


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Nonperforming loans at the beginning of the period	$	18,360	$	15,802	$	15,074	$	16,059
Loans added to nonperforming status during the period that remained nonperforming at the end of the period		2,425		3,408		6,787		6,978
Loans removed from nonperforming status during the period that were nonperforming at the beginning of the period (see table below)		(2,438)		(3,050)		(3,041)		(6,660)
Principal balance paydowns of loans nonperforming at both period ends		(587)		(354)		(849)		(734)
Net change in principal balance of other loans nonperforming at both period ends*		(474)		575		(685)		738

Nonperforming loans at the end of the period	$	17,286	$	16,381	$	17,286	$	16,381

*Includes relatively small consumer portfolios, e.g., RCS loans.

Table 18 — Detail of Loans Removed from Nonperforming Status


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Loans charged-off	$	(14)	$	(230)	$	(43)	$	(239)
Loans transferred to OREO		(224)		(84)		(409)		(556)
Loans refinanced at other institutions		(2,019)		(1,217)		(2,168)		(2,553)
Loans returned to accrual status		(181)		(1,519)		(421)		(3,312)

Total loans removed from nonperforming status during the period that were nonperforming at the beginning of the period	$	(2,438)	$	(3,050)	$	(3,041)	$	(6,660)

Based on the Bank’s review at September 30, 2018, management believes that its reserves are adequate to absorb probable losses on all nonperforming loans.

Delinquent Loans

Total Company delinquent loans to total loans increased to 0.43% at September 30, 2018, from 0.35% at December 31, 2017.

Core Bank delinquent loans to total Core Bank loans increased to 0.29% from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018. With the exception of small-dollar consumer loans, all Traditional Bank loans past due 90-days-or-more as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were on nonaccrual status.

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Table 19 — Delinquent Loan Composition *


	September 30, 2018					December 31, 2017
				Percent of					Percent of
				Total					Total
(in thousands)	Balance			Loan Class		Balance			Loan Class

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:
Owner occupied		$	7,464	0.82	%		$	4,782	0.52	%
Owner occupied - correspondent			—	—				—	—
Nonowner occupied			603	0.26				146	0.07
Commercial real estate			1,442	0.12				1,727	0.14
Construction & land development			332	0.19				67	0.04
Commercial & industrial			28	0.01				15	0.00
Lease financing receivables			—	—				—	—
Home equity			1,419	0.43				1,221	0.35
Consumer:
Credit cards			143	0.75				74	0.46
Overdrafts			259	26.35				233	23.92
Automobile loans			92	0.15				60	0.09
Other consumer			58	0.15				135	0.66
Total Traditional Banking			11,840	0.34				8,460	0.25
Warehouse lines of credit			—	—				—	—
Total Core Banking			11,840	0.29				8,460	0.21

Republic Processing Group:
Tax Refund Solutions:
Easy Advances			—	—				—	—
Other TRS loans			—	—				—	—
Republic Credit Solutions			5,986	7.07				5,641	8.43
Total Republic Processing Group			5,986	7.05				5,641	7.18

Total delinquent loans		$	17,826	0.43	%		$	14,101	0.35	%

*Represents total loans 30-days-or-more past due. Delinquent status may be determined by either the number of days past due or number of payments past due.

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Table 20 — Rollforward of Delinquent Loans


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Delinquent loans at the beginning of the period	$	13,132	$	9,013	$	14,101	$	8,958
Loans added to delinquency status during the period and remained in delinquency status at the end of the period		7,077		4,164		7,952		5,715
Loans removed from delinquency status during the period that were in delinquency status at the beginning of the period (see table below)		(3,942)		(3,297)		(4,465)		(4,709)
Principal balance paydowns of loans delinquent at both period ends		(64)		(31)		(151)		(89)
Net change in principal balance of other loans delinquent at both period ends*		1,623		2,177		389		2,151
Delinquent loans at the end of period	$	17,826	$	12,026	$	17,826	$	12,026

*Includes relatively-small consumer portfolios, e.g., RCS loans.

Table 21 — Detail of Loans Removed from Delinquent Status


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Loans charged-off	$	(22)	$	(198)	$	(50)	$	(83)
Loans transferred to OREO		(224)		(84)		(342)		(526)
Loans refinanced at other institutions		(2,301)		(1,736)		(1,961)		(2,143)
Loans paid current		(1,395)		(1,279)		(2,112)		(1,957)

Total loans removed from delinquency status during the period that were in delinquency status at the beginning of the period	$	(3,942)	$	(3,297)	$	(4,465)	$	(4,709)

Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings

The Bank’s policy is to charge-off all or that portion of its recorded investment in a collateral-dependent impaired credit upon a determination that it is probable the full amount of contractual principal and interest will not be collected. Impaired loans totaled $45 million at September 30, 2018 compared to $46 million at December 31, 2017, a decrease of $1 million during the first nine months of 2018.

A TDR is the situation where, due to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Bank grants a concession to the borrower that the Bank would not otherwise have considered. The majority of the Bank’s TDRs involve a restructuring of loan terms such as a temporary reduction in the payment amount to require only interest and escrow (if required), reducing the loan’s interest rate and/or extending the maturity date of the debt. Nonaccrual loans modified as TDRs remain on nonaccrual status and continue to be reported as nonperforming loans. Accruing loans modified as TDRs are evaluated for nonaccrual status based on a current evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition, and ability and willingness to service the modified debt. As of September 30, 2018, the Bank had $35 million in TDRs, of which $10 million were also on nonaccrual status. As of December 31, 2017, the Bank had $35 million in TDRs, of which $6 million were also on nonaccrual status.

Table 22 — Impaired Loan Composition


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Troubled debt restructurings	$	34,713	$	34,637
Impaired loans (which are not TDRs)		10,525		10,979
Total recorded investment in impaired loans	$	45,238	$	45,616

See Footnote 4 “Loans and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” for additional discussion regarding impaired loans and TDRs.

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Deposits

Table 23 — Deposit Composition


(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017

Core Bank:
Demand	$	932,474	$	944,812
Money market accounts		662,122		546,998
Savings		191,619		182,800
Individual retirement accounts(1)		52,447		47,982
Time deposits, $250 and over(1)		81,197		77,891
Other certificates of deposit(1)		229,074		189,661
Reciprocal money market and time deposits(1)(2)		292,103		373,242
Brokered deposits(1)		21,770		46,089
Total Core Bank interest-bearing deposits		2,462,806		2,409,475
Total Core Bank noninterest-bearing deposits		1,056,916		988,537
Total Core Bank deposits		3,519,722		3,398,012

Republic Processing Group ("RPG"):
Money market accounts		418		1,641
Total RPG interest-bearing deposits		418		1,641

Brokered prepaid card deposits		4,207		1,509
Other noninterest-bearing deposits		42,338		31,996
Total RPG noninterest-bearing deposits		46,545		33,505
Total RPG deposits		46,963		35,146

Total deposits	$	3,566,685	$	3,433,158

(1)

Represents a time deposit.

(2)

Total Company deposits increased $134 million, or 4%, from December 31, 2017 to $3.6 billion at September 30, 2018. Total Company interest-bearing deposits increased $52 million, or 2%, while total Company noninterest bearing deposits increased $81 million, or 8%. The growth in interest-bearing deposits was negatively impacted by the payoff of $50 million in wholesale brokered money market accounts during the second quarter of 2018. The Company’s commercial and corporate accounts drove deposit growth during the first nine months of 2018 driven largely by success from the its commercial Treasury Management department.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase and Other Short-term Borrowings

Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase (“SSUARs”) are collateralized by securities and are treated as financings; accordingly, the securities involved with the agreements are recorded as assets and are held by a safekeeping agent and the obligations to repurchase the securities are reflected as liabilities. All securities underlying the agreements are under the Bank’s control.

SSUARs decreased approximately $40 million, or 20%, during the first nine months of 2018, driven by a $44 million decrease for one corporate client. The substantial majority of SSUARs are indexed to immediately repricing indices such as the Federal Funds Target Rate.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

The Company’s FHLB advances decreased $23 million, or 3%, from December 31, 2017 to $715 million at September 30, 2018. Approximately $88 million of term advances with a weighted average rate of 1.46% matured during the first nine months of 2018, with these funds partially replaced by $65 million in additional overnight advances. As of September 30, 2018, the Company paid 2.21% on its overnight advances compared to 1.42% as of December 31, 2017.

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The Company’s overall use of FHLB advances during a given year is dependent upon many factors including asset growth, deposit growth, current earnings, and expectations of future interest rates, among others. If a meaningful amount of the Bank’s loan originations in the future have repricing terms longer than five years, management will likely elect to borrow additional funds to mitigate its risk of future increases in market interest rates. Whether the Bank ultimately does so, and how much in advances it extends out, will be dependent upon circumstances at that time. If the Bank does obtain longer-term FHLB advances for interest rate risk mitigation, it will have a negative impact on then current earnings. The amount of the negative impact will be dependent upon the dollar amount, coupon and final maturity of the advances obtained.

Interest Rate Swaps

Interest Rate Swaps Used as Cash Flow Hedges

The Bank entered into two interest rate swap agreements during 2013 as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. The Bank designated the swaps as cash flow hedges intended to reduce the variability in cash flows attributable to either FHLB advances tied to the 3-month LIBOR or the overall changes in cash flows on certain money market deposit accounts tied to 1-month LIBOR. The counterparty for both swaps met the Bank’s credit standards and the Bank believes that the credit risk inherent in the swap contracts is not significant.

Non-hedge Interest Rate Swaps

The Bank also enters into interest rate swaps to facilitate client transactions and meet their financing needs. Upon entering these instruments, the Bank enters into offsetting positions in order to minimize the Bank’s interest rate risk. These swaps are derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments, and therefore changes in fair value are reported in current year earnings.

See Footnote 11 “Interest Rate Swaps” of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” for additional discussion regarding the Bank’s interest rate swaps.

Liquidity

The Bank had a loan to deposit ratio (excluding brokered deposits) of 117% at September 30, 2018 and 120% at December 31, 2017. The December 31, 2017 ratio was recasted for the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act enacted in May 2018, which provides that most reciprocal deposits are no longer classified as brokered deposits if the Bank meets certain regulatory criteria. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had cash and cash equivalents on-hand of $366 million and $299 million. In addition, the Bank had available borrowing capacity of $347 million and $347 million from the FHLB at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. In addition to its borrowing capacity with the FHLB, the Bank’s liquidity resources included unencumbered securities of $252 million and $326 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and unsecured lines of credit totaling $125 million available through various other financial institutions as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The Bank maintains sufficient liquidity to fund routine loan demand and routine deposit withdrawal activity. Liquidity is managed by maintaining sufficient liquid assets in the form of investment securities. Funding and cash flows can also be realized by the sale of available-for-sale debt securities, principal paydowns on loans and mortgage backed securities and proceeds realized from loans held for sale. The Bank’s liquidity is impacted by its ability to sell certain investment securities, which is limited due to the level of investment securities that are needed to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB borrowings, and for other purposes, as required by law. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, these pledged investment securities had a fair value of $259 million and $263 million. Republic’s banking centers and its websites, www.republicbank.com and www.mymemorybank.com, provide access to retail deposit markets. These retail deposit products, if offered at attractive rates, have historically been a source of additional funding when needed. If the Bank were to lose a significant funding source, such as a few major depositors, or if any of its lines of credit were canceled, or if the Bank cannot obtain brokered deposits, the Bank would be compelled to offer market leading deposit interest rates to meet its funding and liquidity needs.

At September 30, 2018, the Bank had approximately $979 million in deposits from 151 large non-sweep deposit relationships, including reciprocal deposits, where the individual relationship exceeded $2 million. The 20 largest non-sweep deposit relationships represented approximately $519 million, or 15%, of the Company’s total deposit balances at September 30, 2018. These accounts do not require collateral; therefore, cash from these accounts can generally be utilized to fund the loan portfolio. If any of these balances were moved from the Bank, the Bank would likely utilize overnight borrowing lines in the short-term to replace the balances. On a longer-term basis, the Bank would likely utilize wholesale-brokered deposits to replace withdrawn balances, or alternatively, higher-

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cost internet-sourced deposits. Based on past experience, utilizing brokered deposits and internet-sourced deposits, the Bank believes it can quickly obtain these types of deposits if needed. The overall cost of gathering these types of deposits, however, could be substantially higher than the Traditional Bank deposits they replace, potentially decreasing the Bank’s earnings.

Due to the its historical success of growing loans and its overall use of non-core funding sources, the Bank has approached, and periodically during each quarter, has fallen short of its minimum internal policy limits for liquidity management, as set forth by the Bank’s Board of Directors. As of September 30, 2018, the Bank was in compliance with all Board-approved liquidity policies, however, the Bank will likely continue to maintain its liquidity levels near the Bank’s Board-approved minimums for the foreseeable future. It is also likely the Bank, as it manages its liquidity levels in order to maximize its overall earnings, will continue to fall short of these minimums on occasion in the future, particularly during the first quarter of each year when short-term Easy Advance loans are originated.

Capital

Total stockholders’ equity increased from $632 million at December 31, 2017 to $677 million at September 30, 2018. The increase in stockholders’ equity was primarily attributable to net income earned during 2018 reduced by cash dividends declared.

See Part II, Item 2. “Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds” for additional detail regarding stock repurchases and stock buyback programs.

Common Stock — The Class A Common shares are entitled to cash dividends equal to 110% of the cash dividend paid per share on Class B Common Stock. Class A Common shares have one vote per share and Class B Common shares have ten votes per share. Class B Common shares may be converted, at the option of the holder, to Class A Common shares on a share for share basis. The Class A Common shares are not convertible into any other class of Republic’s capital stock.

Dividend Restrictions — The Parent Company’s principal source of funds for dividend payments are dividends received from RB&T. Banking regulations limit the amount of dividends that may be paid to the Parent Company by the Bank without prior approval of the respective states’ banking regulators. Under these regulations, the amount of dividends that may be paid in any calendar year is limited to the current year’s net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years. At September 30, 2018, RB&T could, without prior approval, declare dividends of approximately $100 million.

Regulatory Capital Requirements — The Company and the Bank are subject to capital regulations in accordance with Basel III, as administered by banking regulators. Regulatory agencies measure capital adequacy within a framework that makes capital requirements, in part, dependent on the individual risk profiles of financial institutions. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on Republic’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Parent Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items, as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators regarding components, risk weightings and other factors.

Banking regulators have categorized the Bank as well-capitalized. For prompt corrective action, the regulations in accordance with Basel III define “well capitalized” as a 6.5% Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio, an 8.0% Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio, a 10.0% Total Risk-Based Capital ratio and a 5.0% Tier 1 Leverage ratio. Additionally, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, the Company and Bank must hold a capital conservation buffer composed of Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital above their minimum risk-based capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer began phasing in during 2016 and continues to phase in through 2019 on the following schedule: a capital conservation buffer of 0.625% effective January 1, 2016; 1.25% effective January 1, 2017; 1.875% effective January 1, 2018; and a fully phased in capital conservation buffer of 2.5% on January 1, 2019.

Republic continues to exceed the regulatory requirements for Total Risk Based Capital, Common Equity Tier I Risk Based, Tier I Risk Based Capital and Tier I Leverage Capital. Republic and the Bank intend to maintain a capital position that meets or exceeds the “well-capitalized” requirements as defined by the FRB and the FDIC, in addition to the Capital Conservation Buffer. Republic’s average stockholders’ equity to average assets ratio was 12.82% at September 30, 2018 compared to 13.02% at December 31, 2017. Formal measurements of the capital ratios for Republic and the Bank are performed by the Company at each quarter end.

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In 2005, Republic Bancorp Capital Trust (“RBCT”), an unconsolidated trust subsidiary of Republic, was formed and issued $40 million in Trust Preferred Securities (“TPS”). The sole asset of RBCT represents the proceeds of the offering loaned to Republic in exchange for a subordinated note with similar terms to the TPS. The RBCT TPS are treated as part of Republic’s Tier I Capital.

The subordinated note and related interest expense are included in Republic’s consolidated financial statements. The subordinated note paid a fixed interest rate of 6.015% through September 30, 2015 and adjusted to 3-month LIBOR plus 1.42% on a quarterly basis thereafter. The subordinated note matures on December 31, 2035 and is redeemable at the Company’s option on a quarterly basis. The Company chose not to redeem the subordinated note on October 1, 2018 and is currently carrying the note at a cost of LIBOR plus 1.42%.

Table 24 — Capital Ratios


	As of September 30, 2018				As of December 31, 2017
	Actual				Actual
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Republic Bancorp, Inc.	$	745,822	16.79	%	$	694,369	16.04	%
Republic Bank & Trust Company		640,825	14.44			591,592	13.69

Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Republic Bancorp, Inc.	$	661,998	14.90	%	$	612,315	14.15	%
Republic Bank & Trust Company		597,001	13.46			548,823	12.70

Tier 1 (core) capital to risk-weighted assets
Republic Bancorp, Inc.	$	701,998	15.80	%	$	651,600	15.06	%
Republic Bank & Trust Company		597,001	13.46			548,823	12.70

Tier 1 leverage capital to average assets
Republic Bancorp, Inc.	$	701,998	13.81	%	$	651,600	13.21	%
Republic Bank & Trust Company		597,001	11.75			548,823	11.15

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Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk

Asset/liability management is designed to ensure safety and soundness, maintain liquidity, meet regulatory capital standards and achieve acceptable net interest income based on the Bank’s risk tolerance. Interest rate risk is the exposure to adverse changes in net interest income as a result of market fluctuations in interest rates. The Bank, on an ongoing basis, monitors interest rate and liquidity risk in order to implement appropriate funding and balance sheet strategies. Management considers interest rate risk to be a significant risk to the Bank’s overall earnings and balance sheet.

The interest sensitivity profile of the Bank at any point in time will be impacted by a number of factors. These factors include the mix of interest sensitive assets and liabilities, as well as their relative pricing schedules. It is also influenced by changes in market interest rates, deposit and loan balances and other factors.

The Bank utilizes earnings simulation models as tools to measure interest rate sensitivity, including both a static and dynamic earnings simulation model. A static simulation model is based on current exposures and assumes a constant balance sheet. In contrast, a dynamic simulation model relies on detailed assumptions regarding changes in existing business lines, new business, and changes in management and customer behavior. While the Bank runs the static simulation model as one measure of interest rate risk, historically, the Bank has utilized a dynamic earnings simulation model as its primary interest rate risk tool to measure the potential changes in market interest rates and their subsequent effects on net interest income for a one-year time period. This dynamic model projects a “Base” case net interest income over the next 12 months and the effect on net interest income of instantaneous movements in interest rates between various basis point increments equally across all points on the yield curve. Many assumptions based on growth expectations and on the historical behavior of the Bank’s deposit and loan rates and their related balances in relation to changes in interest rates are incorporated into this dynamic model. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the dynamic model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to the actual timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, the actual timing and magnitude of changes in loan and deposit balances, as well as the actual changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies as compared to those projected in the various simulated models. Additionally, actual results could differ materially from the model if interest rates do not move equally across all points on the yield curve.

As of September 30, 2018, a dynamic simulation model was run for interest rate changes from “Down 100” basis points to “Up 400” basis points. Since December 2015, the Federal Open Market Committee has incrementally raised the FFTR, with further guidance suggesting that increases to the FFTR were more likely than not for 2018.

The following table illustrates the Bank’s projected percent change from its Base net interest income over the period beginning October 1, 2018 and ending September 30, 2019 based on instantaneous movements in interest rates from Down 100 to Up 400 basis points equally across all points on the yield curve. The Bank’s dynamic earnings simulation model excludes Traditional Bank loan fees.

Table 25 — Bank Interest Rate Sensitivity


	Change in Rates
	-100			+100			+200			+300			+400
	Basis Points			Basis Points			Basis Points			Basis Points			Basis Points

% Change from base net interest income at September 30, 2018		(3.6)	%		2.0	%		2.6	%		2.8	%		2.5	%
% Change from base net interest income at December 31, 2017		(4.6)	%		3.8	%		4.8	%		5.4	%		5.4	%

The Bank’s dynamic simulation model run for September 2018 projected improvement in the Bank’s net interest income relative to the Base case for the Up 100 through the Up 400 scenarios, with the improvement in these scenarios lower but within a reasonable range of the projected improvement reflected in the same scenarios for the December 2017 simulation. The Bank’s dynamic simulation model run for September 2018 and December 2017 projected a decline in the Bank’s net interest income relative to the Base case for the Down 100 scenario.

For additional discussion regarding the Bank’s net interest income, see the section titled “Net Interest Income” in this section of the filing under “RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017).”

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The Board of Directors of the Bank has established separate and distinct policy limits for acceptable percent changes in the Bank’s net interest income based on modeled changes in market interest rates. Historically, if model projections of the percent change in net interest income fall outside Board approved limits at a given point in time or are projected to fall outside such limits based on certain trends, Bank management has either taken certain actions intended to bring model projections back within Board approved limits or discussed with the Board how future anticipated events will likely correct the current situation. These actions have included, but are not limited to, restructuring of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, seeking additional fixed rate term FHLB advances, executing interest rate swaps and modifying the pricing or terms of loans, leases and deposits. These actions have historically had a negative impact on current earnings.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Information required by this item is included under

Part I, Item 2., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out by Republic Bancorp, Inc.’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

In the ordinary course of operations, Republic and the Bank are defendants in various legal proceedings. There is no proceeding pending or threatened litigation, to the knowledge of management, in which an adverse decision could result in a material adverse change in the business or consolidated financial position of Republic or the Bank.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Details of Republic’s Class A Common Stock purchases during the third quarter of 2018 are included in the following table:


				Total Number of	Maximum Number
				Shares Purchased	of Shares that May
				as Part of Publicly	Yet Be Purchased
	Total Number of	Average Price		Announced Plans	Under the Plan
Period	Shares Purchased	Paid Per Share		or Programs	or Programs

July 1 - July 31	—	$	—	—
August 1 - August 31	—		—	—
September 1 - September 30	—		—	—
Total	—	$	—	—	223,696

The Company did not repurchase any shares during the third quarter of 2018. Additionally, there were no shares exchanged for stock option exercises during the third quarter of 2018. During 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors amended its existing share repurchase program by approving the repurchase of 300,000 additional shares from time to time, as market conditions are deemed attractive to the Company. The repurchase program will remain effective until the total number of shares authorized is repurchased or until Republic’s Board of Directors terminates the program. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had 223,696 shares that could be repurchased under its current share repurchase programs.

During the third quarter of 2018, there were 1,498 shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock by stockholders of Republic in accordance with the share-for-share conversion provision option of the Class B Common Stock. The exemption from registration of newly issued Class A Common Stock relies upon Section (3)(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933.

There were no equity securities of the registrant sold without registration during the quarter covered by this report.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed or furnished as a part of this report:


Exhibit Number		Description of Exhibit

31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101		Interactive data files: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, (iii) Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

* This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	REPUBLIC BANCORP, INC.
	(Registrant)

	Principal Executive Officer:


Date: November 9, 2018	/s/ Steven E. Trager
	By:	Steven E. Trager
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer


	Principal Financial Officer:


Date: November 9, 2018	/s/ Kevin Sipes
	By:	Kevin Sipes
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial
		Officer and Chief Accounting Officer

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Part I, Item 2. , Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32* Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section1350, as adopted pursuant to Section906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

RBCAA 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2018

Exhibits