RLJ LODGING TRUST
10-Ks and 10-Qs
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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x
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014
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OR
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o
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the transition period from to
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Commission File Number 001-35169
RLJ LODGING TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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Maryland
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27-4706509
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
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3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1000
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Bethesda, Maryland
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20814
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(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
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(Zip Code)
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(301) 280-7777
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of Each Class
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Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
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Common Shares, $0.01 par value
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New York Stock Exchange
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes
x
No
o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes
o
No
x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x
Yes
o
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
x
Yes
o
No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large accelerated filer
x
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Accelerated filer
o
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Non-accelerated filer
o
(do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
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Smaller reporting company
o
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
o
Yes
x
No
The aggregate market value of the
128,337,438
common shares of beneficial interest held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately
$3,707,668,584
based on the closing price of
$28.89
as reported on the New York Stock Exchange for such common shares of beneficial interest on
June 30, 2014
.
As of
February 18, 2015
,
131,930,364
common shares of beneficial interest of the Registrant, $0.01 par value per share, were outstanding.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the Definitive Proxy Statement for our
2015
Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. We expect to file our proxy statement within 120 days after
December 31, 2014
.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Item No.
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Form 10-K
Report Page
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PART I
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PART II
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PART III
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PART IV
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1
SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the use of the words "believe," "project," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "plan," "may," "will," "will continue," "intend," "should," "may" or similar expressions. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, beliefs and expectations, such forward-looking statements are not predictions of future events or guarantees of future performance and our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Some factors that might cause such a difference include the following: the current global economic uncertainty, increased direct competition, changes in government regulations or accounting rules, changes in local, national and global real estate conditions, declines in the lodging industry, seasonality of the lodging industry, risks related to natural disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes, hostilities, including future terrorist attacks or fear of hostilities that affect travel, our ability to obtain lines of credit or permanent financing on satisfactory terms, changes in interest rates, access to capital through offerings of our common and preferred shares of beneficial interest, or debt, our ability to identify suitable acquisitions, our ability to close on identified acquisitions and integrate those businesses and inaccuracies of our accounting estimates. A discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is included in "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Given these uncertainties, undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Except where the context suggests otherwise, we define certain terms in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as follows:
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•
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"our company," "we," "us" and "our" refer to RLJ Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as "our operating partnership";
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•
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"our predecessor" collectively refers to RLJ Development, LLC ("RLJ Development"), and two lodging-focused private equity funds that were sponsored and managed by RLJ Development, RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P. (and its parallel fund), (collectively, "Fund II"), and RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P. (and its parallel fund), (collectively, "Fund III"), all of which were entities under the common control of Robert L. Johnson, our Executive Chairman;
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•
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"our hotels" refers to the
144
hotels owned by us as of
December 31, 2014
;
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•
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"our formation transactions" refers to a series of transactions in which, among other things, (1) our company was formed, (2) our operating partnership was formed, (3) each of Fund II and Fund III were merged with and into our company, with investors in each of Fund II and Fund III receiving common shares as consideration, and (4) RLJ Development contributed substantially all of its assets and liabilities to our operating partnership in exchange for units of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership ("OP units");
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a "compact full-service hotel" typically refers to any hotel with (1) less than 300 guestrooms and less than 12,000 square feet of meeting space or (2) more than 300 guestrooms where, unlike traditional full-service hotels, the operations focus primarily on the rental of guestrooms such that a significant majority of its total revenue is generated from room rentals rather than other sources, such as food and beverage;
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•
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a "focused-service hotel" typically refers to any hotel where the operations focus primarily on the rental of guestrooms and that offers services and amenities to a lesser extent than a typical full-service or compact full-service hotel. For example, a focused-service hotel may have a restaurant, but, unlike a restaurant in a typical full-service or compact full-service hotel, it may not offer three meals per day and may not offer room service. In addition, a focused-service hotel differs from a compact full-service hotel in that it typically has less than 2,000 square feet of meeting space, if any at all;
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"TRSs" refers to our taxable REIT subsidiaries that are wholly-owned, directly or indirectly, by our operating partnership and any disregarded subsidiaries of our TRSs;
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"Average Daily Rate" ("ADR") represents total hotel room revenues divided by total number of rooms sold in a given period;
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"Occupancy" represents the total number of hotel rooms sold in a given period divided by the total number of rooms available;
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2
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"Revenue Per Available Room" ("RevPAR") is the product of ADR and occupancy; and
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"RevPAR penetration index" of our hotels is the measure of each hotel's RevPAR in relation to the average RevPAR of that hotel's competitive set. Each hotel's competitive set consists of a small group of hotels in the relevant market that we and the third-party hotel management company that manages the hotel believe are comparable for purposes of benchmarking the performance of such hotel. For a more in depth discussion of Occupancy, ADR, RevPAR and RevPAR penetration index, please see "Key Indicators of Operating Performance."
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3
Our Company
We are a self-advised and self-administered Maryland real estate investment trust ("REIT") that acquires primarily premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. We are one of the largest U.S. publicly-traded lodging REITs in terms of both number of hotels and number of rooms. Our hotels are concentrated in markets that we believe exhibit multiple demand generators and high barriers to entry. We believe premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels with these characteristics generate high levels of RevPAR, strong operating margins and attractive returns.
As of
December 31, 2014
, we, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, owned
146
properties, comprised of
144
hotels with approximately
22,900
rooms and
two
planned hotel conversions, located in
21
states and the District of Columbia and an interest in one mortgage loan secured by a hotel. We own, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, 100% of the interests in all properties, with the exception of one property in which we own a
98.1%
controlling interest in a joint venture.
We elected to be taxed as a REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, when we filed our U.S. federal tax return for the taxable year ended December 31, 2011. Substantially all of our assets are held by, and all of our operations are conducted through, our operating partnership. We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership. As of
December 31, 2014
, we owned, through a combination of direct and indirect interests,
99.3%
of the OP units in our operating partnership.
Our Investment and Growth Strategies
Our objective is to generate strong returns for our shareholders by continuing to acquire primarily premium-branded, focused-service hotels and compact full-service hotels at prices where we believe we can generate attractive returns on investment and long-term value appreciation through proactive asset management. We intend to pursue acquisitions of these hotels and selectively dispose of properties when we believe returns have been maximized in order to redeploy capital into more accretive acquisitions and other opportunities. We intend to pursue this objective through the following investment and growth strategies:
Investment Strategies
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Targeted ownership of premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels.
We believe that premium-branded, focused-service hotels have the potential to generate attractive returns relative to other types of hotels due to their ability to achieve RevPAR levels at or close to those generated by traditional full-service hotels, while achieving higher profit margins due to their more efficient operating model and less volatile cash flows. We also may acquire compact full-service hotels which have operating characteristics that resemble those of focused-service hotels.
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Use of premium hotel brands.
We believe in affiliating our hotels with premium brands owned by leading international franchisors such as Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt. We target hotels affiliated with premium brands such as Courtyard by Marriott, Residence Inn by Marriott, Hilton Garden Inn and Hyatt House. We believe that utilizing premium brands provides significant advantages because of their guest loyalty programs, worldwide reservation systems, effective product segmentation, global distribution and strong customer awareness.
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Focus on high-growth markets.
We focus on owning and acquiring hotels in markets that we believe have multiple demand generators and high barriers to entry. As a result, we believe that these hotels generate higher returns on investment.
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Growth Strategies
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Maximize returns from our hotels.
We believe that our hotels have the potential to generate significant improvements in RevPAR and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") as a result of our proactive asset management and the anticipated economic growth in the United States. We actively monitor and advise our third-party hotel management companies on most aspects of our hotels' operations, including property positioning, physical design, capital planning and investment, guest experience and overall strategic direction. We regularly review opportunities to invest in our hotels in an effort to enhance the quality and attractiveness of our hotels, increase their long-term value and generate attractive returns on investment.
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Pursue a disciplined hotel acquisition strategy.
We seek to acquire additional hotels at prices below replacement cost where we believe we can generate attractive returns on investment. We intend to target acquisition opportunities where we can enhance value by pursuing proactive investment strategies such as renovation, repositioning or rebranding.
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4
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Pursue a disciplined capital recycling program.
We intend to continue to pursue a disciplined capital allocation strategy designed to maximize the value of our investments by selectively selling hotels that are no longer consistent with our investment strategy or whose returns appear to have been maximized. To the extent that we sell hotels, we intend to redeploy the capital into acquisition and investment opportunities that we believe will achieve higher returns.
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Our Hotels
Overview
As of
December 31, 2014
, we owned a high-quality portfolio of
144
hotels located in
21
states and the District of Columbia comprised of approximately
22,900
rooms. No single hotel accounted for more than 6.5% of our total revenue for the year ended
December 31, 2014
. We believe that the quality of our portfolio is evidenced by the RevPAR penetration index of
111.7
for our hotels for the year ended
December 31, 2014
.
The following table sets forth certain unaudited pro forma operating information for our hotels as of and for the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
. Operating information is included for periods prior to our ownership, and is not necessarily indicative of what actual results of operations of the hotels would have been had we owned them for the entirety of all periods presented. Dispositions and properties closed for renovation or conversion during the periods presented have been excluded.
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For the year ended December 31,
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2014
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2013
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2012
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Statistical Data:
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Number of hotels
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140
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140
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140
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Number of rooms
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22,249
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22,249
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22,249
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Occupancy (1)
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78.7
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%
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76.3
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%
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74.2
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%
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ADR (1)
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$
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150.22
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$
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144.57
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$
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137.82
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RevPAR (1)
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$
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118.29
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$
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110.38
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$
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102.31
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_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) For a more detailed explanation of the terms occupancy, ADR and RevPAR and a discussion of how we use these metrics to evaluate the operating performance of our business, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Indicators of Operating Performance."
5
Brand Affiliations
Our hotels operate under strong, premium brands, with nearly
97%
of our hotels operating under existing relationships with Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt. The following table sets forth the brand affiliations of our hotels as of
December 31, 2014
:
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Brand Affiliations
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Number of hotels
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Percentage of total
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Number of rooms
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Percentage of total
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Marriott
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Residence Inn
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34
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23.6
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%
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3,858
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16.9
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%
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Courtyard
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29
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20.1
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%
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4,549
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19.9
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%
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Fairfield Inn & Suites
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11
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7.6
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%
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1,221
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5.3
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%
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SpringHill Suites
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10
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6.9
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%
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1,250
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5.5
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%
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Marriott
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6
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4.2
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%
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1,834
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8.0
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%
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Renaissance
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3
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2.1
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%
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782
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3.4
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%
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Subtotal
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93
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64.5
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%
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13,494
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59.0
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%
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Hilton
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Hilton Garden Inn
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9
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6.2
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%
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1,843
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8.0
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%
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Hampton Inn/Hampton Inn & Suites
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8
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5.6
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%
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1,009
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4.4
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%
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Embassy Suites
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7
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4.9
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%
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1,712
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7.5
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%
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DoubleTree
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3
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2.1
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%
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1,132
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4.9
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%
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Hilton
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2
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1.4
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%
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511
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2.2
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%
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Homewood Suites
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2
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1.4
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%
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301
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1.3
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%
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Subtotal
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31
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21.6
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%
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6,508
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28.3
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%
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Hyatt
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Hyatt House
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11
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7.6
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%
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1,761
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7.7
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%
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Hyatt Place
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2
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1.4
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%
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302
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1.3
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%
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Hyatt
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2
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1.4
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%
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264
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1.2
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%
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Subtotal
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15
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10.4
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%
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2,327
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10.2
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%
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Other Brand Affiliation
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5
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3.5
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%
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567
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2.5
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%
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Total
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144
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100.0
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%
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22,896
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100.0
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%
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Asset Management
We have a dedicated team of asset management professionals that proactively work with our third-party hotel management companies to maximize profitability at each of our hotels. Our asset management team monitors the performance of our hotels on a daily basis and holds frequent ownership meetings with personnel at the hotels. Our asset management team works closely with our third-party hotel management companies on key aspects of each hotel's operation, including, among others, revenue management, market positioning, cost structure, capital and operational budgeting as well as the identification of return on investment initiatives and overall business strategy. In addition, we retain approval rights on key staffing positions at many of our hotels, such as the hotel's general manager and director of sales. We believe that our strong asset management process helps to ensure that each hotel is being operated to our and our franchisors' standards, that our hotels are being adequately maintained in order to preserve the value of the asset and the safety of the hotel to customers, and that our hotel management companies are maximizing revenue and enhancing operating margins.
Competition
The U.S. lodging industry is highly competitive. Our hotels compete with other hotels for guests in each of their markets on the basis of several factors, including, among others, location, quality of accommodations, convenience, brand affiliation, room rates, service levels and amenities, and level of customer service. Competition is often specific to the individual markets in which our hotels are located and includes competition from existing and new hotels operated under premium brands in the focused-service and compact full-service segments. We believe that hotels, such as our hotels, that are affiliated with leading national brands, such as the Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt brands, will enjoy the competitive advantages associated with operating under such brands. Increased competition could harm our occupancy and revenues and may require us to provide additional amenities or make capital improvements that we otherwise would not have to make, which may materially and adversely affect our operating results and liquidity.
6
We face competition for the acquisition of hotels from institutional pension funds, private equity funds, REITs, hotel companies and others who are engaged in the acquisition of hotels. Some of these competitors may have substantially greater financial and operational resources and access to capital than we have and may have greater knowledge of the markets in which we seek to invest. This competition may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us and decrease the attractiveness of the terms on which we may acquire our targeted hotel investments, including the cost thereof.
Seasonality
The lodging industry is seasonal in nature, which can be expected to cause quarterly fluctuations in our revenues. Our quarterly earnings may be adversely affected by factors outside our control, including weather conditions and poor economic factors in certain markets in which we operate. For example, our hotels in the Chicago, Illinois metropolitan area experience lower revenues and profits during the winter months of December through March while our hotels in Florida generally have higher revenues in the months of January through April. This seasonality can be expected to cause periodic fluctuations in a hotel's room revenues, occupancy levels, room rates, operating expenses and cash flows.
Our Financing Strategy
We expect to continue to maintain a prudent capital structure by limiting our net debt-to-EBITDA to a ratio of 5.0x or below. We define net debt as total indebtedness minus cash and cash equivalents. Over time, we intend to finance our long-term growth with equity issuances and debt financing having staggered maturities. We will seek to primarily utilize unsecured debt (with the ultimate goal of achieving an investment grade rating) and a greater percentage of fixed rate and hedged floating rate debt relative to unhedged floating rate debt. Our debt currently is comprised of both unsecured debt and mortgage debt secured by our hotels. We have a mix of fixed and floating rate debt; however, the majority of our debt either bears interest at fixed rates or effectively bears interest at fixed rates due to interest rate hedges on the debt.
As of
December 31, 2014
, we had approximately
$532.7 million
of outstanding mortgage debt and
$1.0 billion
in outstanding unsecured term loans. In addition, we, through our operating partnership, have in place a $300.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility to fund future acquisitions, as well as for hotel redevelopments, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. As of
December 31, 2014
,
zero
was drawn on our unsecured revolving credit facility. For more information regarding our indebtedness, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources."
Organizational Structure
We were formed as a Maryland real estate investment trust in January 2011. We conduct our business through a traditional umbrella partnership real estate investment trust ("UPREIT") in which our properties are indirectly owned by our operating partnership, RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., through limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other subsidiaries. We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership, and as of
December 31, 2014
, we owned
99.3%
of the OP units in our operating partnership. In the future, we may issue OP units from time to time in connection with acquisitions of properties or for financing, compensation or other reasons.
In order for the income from our hotel operations to constitute "rents from real property" for purposes of the gross income tests required for REIT qualification, we cannot directly or indirectly operate any of our hotels. Accordingly, we lease each of our hotels, and intend to lease any hotels we acquire in the future, to subsidiaries of our TRSs ("TRS lessees"), which are wholly-owned by us, and our TRS lessees have engaged, or will engage, third-party hotel management companies to manage our hotels, and any hotels we acquire in the future, on market terms. Our TRS lessees pay rent to us that we intend to treat as "rents from real property," provided that the third-party hotel management companies engaged by our TRS lessees to manage our hotels are deemed to be "eligible independent contractors" and certain other requirements are met. Our TRSs are subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes applicable to corporations.
7
The following chart generally depicts our corporate structure as of
December 31, 2014
:
_______________________________________________________________________________
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(1)
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Reflects OP units issued to the principals of RLJ Development as consideration for substantially all of RLJ Development's assets and liabilities, which were contributed to us in connection with our formation transactions.
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Regulation
General
Our hotels are subject to various U.S. federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to common areas and fire and safety requirements. We believe that each of our hotels has the necessary permits and approvals to operate its business.
Americans with Disabilities Act
Our hotels must comply with applicable provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Accessibility Guidelines promulgated thereunder (the "ADA"), to the extent that such hotels are "public accommodations" as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our hotels where such removal is readily achievable. We believe that our hotels are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. However, non-compliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our hotels and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.
8
Environmental Matters
Under various laws relating to the protection of the environment, a current or previous owner or operator (including tenants) of real estate may be subject to liability related to contamination resulting from the presence or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances at that property and may be required to investigate and clean up such contamination at that property or emanating from that property. These costs could be substantial and liability under these laws may attach without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of the contaminants, and the liability may be joint and several. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our hotels may expose us to third-party liability for cleanup costs, property damage or bodily injury, natural resource damages and costs or expenses related to liens or property use restrictions and materially and adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop the real estate or to incur debt using the real estate as collateral. Furthermore, persons who sent waste to a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, may be liable for costs associated with cleanup of that facility.
Our hotels are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that address a wide variety of issues, including, but not limited to, storage tanks, air emissions from emergency generators, storm water and wastewater discharges, lead-based paint, mold and mildew and waste management. Our hotels incur costs to comply with these laws and regulations and could be subject to fines and penalties for non-compliance. The costs of complying with environmental, health and safety laws could increase as new laws are enacted and existing laws are modified.
Some of our hotels contain asbestos-containing building materials. We believe that the asbestos is appropriately contained in accordance with current environmental regulations and that we have no need for any immediate remediation or current plans to remove the asbestos. Environmental laws require that owners or operators of buildings with asbestos-containing building materials properly manage and maintain these materials, adequately inform or train those who may come into contact with asbestos and undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, in the event that asbestos is disturbed during building renovation or demolition. These laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators for failure to comply with these requirements. In addition, third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos-containing building materials.
Some of our hotels may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other adverse conditions, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediation. The presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our hotels could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected hotel or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from guests or employees at our hotels and others if property damage or health concerns arise.
Insurance
We carry comprehensive general liability, fire, extended coverage, business interruption, rental loss coverage and umbrella liability coverage on all of our hotels and earthquake, wind, flood and hurricane coverage on hotels in areas where we believe such coverage is warranted, in each case with limits of liability that we deem adequate. Similarly, we are insured against the risk of direct physical damage in amounts we believe to be adequate to reimburse us, on a replacement basis, for costs incurred to repair or rebuild each hotel, including loss of revenue during the reconstruction period. We have selected policy specifications and insured limits which we believe to be appropriate given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice. We do not carry insurance for generally uninsured losses, including, but not limited to losses caused by riots, war or acts of God. In the opinion of our management, our hotels are adequately insured.
Employees
As of
December 31, 2014
, we had
56
employees.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1000, Bethesda, Maryland 20814. Our telephone number is (301) 280-7777. Our website is located at www.rljlodgingtrust.com. The information that is found on or accessible through our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other report or document that we file with or furnish to the SEC. We have included our website address in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as an inactive textual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to our website.
We make available on our website, free of charge, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. We
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also make our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for our trustees, officers and employees available on our website on the Corporate Governance page under the Investor Relations section of our website.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K and other reports filed with the SEC can be read or copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC; the website address is www.sec.gov.
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Set forth below are the risks that we believe are material to our shareholders. You should carefully consider the following risks in evaluating our Company and our business. The occurrence of any of the following risks could materially adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, the market price of our common shares and our ability to, among other things, satisfy our debt service obligations and to make distributions to our shareholders, which in turn could cause our shareholders to lose all or a part of their investment. Some statements in this report including statements in the following risk factors constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled "Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements" at the beginning of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Risks Related to Our Business and Properties
We will continue to be significantly influenced by the economies and other conditions in the specific markets in which we operate, particularly in the metropolitan areas where we have high concentrations of hotels.
Our hotels located in the New York, New York, Chicago, Illinois, Austin, Texas, Denver-Boulder, Colorado, Houston, Texas, and the Baltimore, Maryland-Washington, D.C. metropolitan areas accounted for approximately 13.7%, 10.0%, 8.3%, 7.3%, 5.7%, and 5.2%, respectively, of our total revenue for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2014
. As a result, we are particularly susceptible to adverse market conditions in these areas, including industry downturns, relocation of businesses and any oversupply of hotel rooms or a reduction in lodging demand. Adverse economic developments in the markets in which we have a concentration of hotels, or in any of the other markets in which we operate, or any increase in hotel supply or decrease in lodging demand resulting from the local, regional or national business climate, could materially and adversely affect us.
We are dependent on the performance of the third-party hotel management companies that manage the operations of each of our hotels and could be materially and adversely affected if such third-party managers do not manage our hotels in our best interests.
Because federal income tax laws restrict REITs and their subsidiaries from operating or managing hotels, we do not operate or manage our hotels. Instead, we lease all of our hotels to our TRS lessees, and our TRS lessees retain third-party managers to operate our hotels pursuant to management agreements. We have entered into individual hotel management agreements for
144
of our hotels,
93
of which are with White Lodging Services ("WLS"). We could be materially and adversely affected if any of our third-party managers fail to provide quality services and amenities, fail to comply with brand quality standards or otherwise fail to manage our hotels in our best interest, and we can be financially responsible for the actions and inactions of our third-party managers pursuant to our hotel management agreements. In addition, from time to time, disputes may arise between us and our third-party managers regarding their performance or compliance with the terms of the hotel management agreements, which in turn could adversely affect our results of operations. We generally will attempt to resolve any such disputes through discussions and negotiations; however, if we are unable to reach satisfactory results through discussions and negotiations, we may choose to terminate our management agreement, litigate the dispute or submit the matter to third-party dispute resolution, the outcome of which may be unfavorable to us.
Under the terms of the hotel management agreements, the hotel managers are responsible for all aspects of the operations of our hotels, including ensuring those operations are conducted in accordance with applicable law and regulations and in our best interests, and our ability to participate in operating decisions regarding our hotels is limited to certain matters, including approval of the annual operating budget. While our TRS lessees closely monitor the performance and operations of our third-party managers, we cannot assure you that the hotel managers will manage our hotels in a manner that is consistent with their respective obligations under the applicable hotel management agreement or our obligations under our hotel franchise agreements. We also cannot assure you that our hotel managers will not be negligent in their performance, will not engage in criminal or fraudulent activity, or will not otherwise default on their respective management obligations to us. We do not have the authority to require any hotel to be operated in a particular manner (for instance, with respect to setting room rates), even if we believe that our hotels are not being operated efficiently or in our best interests, and our general recourse under the hotel management agreements is limited to termination upon sixty days' notice if we believe our third-party managers are not performing adequately or if we believe our third-party managers are not operating our hotels in our best interests. For example, we have a right to terminate a management agreement with WLS, our largest provider of management services, if WLS fails to achieve certain hotel performance criteria measured over any two consecutive fiscal years, as outlined in each WLS management agreement. However, even if WLS fails to perform under the terms of a management agreement, it has the option (exercisable a maximum of three times per hotel) to avoid a performance termination by paying a performance deficit fee as specified in the management agreement.
In the event that we terminate any of our management agreements, we can provide no assurances that we could find a replacement manager or that our franchisors will consent to a replacement manager in a timely manner, or at all, or that any replacement manager will be successful in operating our hotels. Furthermore, if WLS, as our largest provider of management
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services, is financially unable or unwilling to perform its obligations pursuant to our management agreements, our ability to find a replacement manager or managers for our WLS-managed hotels could be challenging and time consuming, depending on the number of WLS-managed hotels affected, and could cause us to incur significant costs to obtain new management agreements for the affected hotels. Accordingly, if we lose a significant number of our WLS management agreements, we could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, many of our existing franchise agreements provide the franchisor with a right of first offer in the event of certain sales or transfers of a hotel and provide that the franchisor has the right to approve any change in the hotel management company engaged to manage the hotel. If any of the foregoing were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on us.
Restrictive covenants in certain of our hotel management and franchise agreements contain provisions limiting or restricting the sale or financing of our hotels, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Hotel management and franchise agreements typically contain restrictive covenants that limit or restrict our ability to sell or refinance a hotel without the consent of the hotel management company or franchisor. Many of our franchise agreements provide the franchisor with a right of first offer in the event of certain sales or transfers of a hotel and provide that the franchisor has the right to approve any change in the hotel management company engaged to manage the hotel. Generally, we may not agree to sell, lease or otherwise transfer particular hotels unless the transferee is not a competitor of the hotel management company or franchisor and the transferee assumes the related hotel management and franchise agreements. For example, substantially all of our management agreements with WLS provide that any sale of a hotel to a purchaser who does not meet all of the requirements under the applicable franchise agreement associated with such hotel must be first approved by WLS. If the hotel management company or franchisor does not consent to the sale or financing of our hotels, we may be prohibited from taking actions that would otherwise be in our and our shareholders' best interests.
Substantially all of our hotels operate under either Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt brands; therefore, we are subject to risks associated with concentrating our portfolio in just three brand families.
139
of the
144
hotels that we owned as of
December 31, 2014
utilize brands owned by Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt. As a result, our success is dependent in part on the continued success of Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt and their respective brands. We believe that building brand value is critical to increase demand and build customer loyalty. Consequently, if market recognition or the positive perception of Marriott and/or Hilton and/or Hyatt is reduced or compromised, the goodwill associated with the Marriott-, Hilton- or Hyatt-branded hotels in our portfolio may be adversely affected. Furthermore, if our relationship with Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt were to deteriorate or terminate as a result of disputes regarding the management of our hotels or for other reasons, Marriott and/or Hilton and/or Hyatt could, under certain circumstances, terminate our current franchise licenses with them or decline to provide franchise licenses for hotels that we may acquire in the future. If any of the foregoing were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our long-term growth depends in part on successfully identifying and consummating acquisitions of additional hotels and the failure to make such acquisitions could materially impede our growth.
We can provide no assurances that we will be successful in identifying attractive hotels or that, once identified, we will be successful in consummating an acquisition. We face significant competition for attractive investment opportunities from other well-capitalized investors, some of which have greater financial resources and a greater access to debt and equity capital to acquire hotels than we do. This competition increases as investments in real estate become increasingly attractive relative to other forms of investment. As a result of such competition, we may be unable to acquire certain hotels that we deem attractive or the purchase price may be significantly elevated or other terms may be substantially more onerous. In addition, we expect to finance future acquisitions through a combination of borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility, the use of retained cash flows, and offerings of equity and debt securities, which may not be available on advantageous terms, or at all. Any delay or failure on our part to identify, negotiate, finance on favorable terms, consummate and integrate such acquisitions could materially impede our growth.
The departure of any of our key personnel who have significant experience and relationships in the lodging industry, including Robert L. Johnson, Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. and Ross H. Bierkan, could materially and adversely affect us.
We depend on the experience and relationships of our senior management team, especially Robert L. Johnson, Executive Chairman of our board of trustees, Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr., our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of trustees, and Ross H. Bierkan, our Chief Investment Officer, to manage our day-to-day operations and strategic business direction. Messrs. Johnson, Baltimore and Bierkan have 21, 26 and 29 years of experience in the lodging industry, respectively, during which time they have established an extensive network of lodging industry contacts and relationships, including relationships with global and national hotel brands, hotel owners, financiers, operators, commercial real estate brokers, developers and management companies. We can provide no assurances that any of our key personnel will continue their employment with us, even though all of the members of our senior management team have entered into employment
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agreements with us. The loss of services of Messrs. Johnson, Baltimore or Bierkan, or of the services of other members of our senior management team, or any difficulty attracting and retaining other talented and experienced personnel, could adversely affect our ability to source potential investment opportunities, our relationship with global and national hotel brands and other industry participants and the execution of our business strategy. Further, such a loss could be negatively perceived in the capital markets, which could reduce the market value of our common shares.
Our business strategy depends on achieving revenue and net income growth from anticipated increases in demand for hotel rooms. Accordingly, any delay or a weaker than anticipated economic growth could materially and adversely affect us and our growth prospects.
Our hotels experienced declining operating performance across various U.S. markets during the most recent economic recession. Our business strategy depends on achieving revenue and net income growth from anticipated improvement in demand for hotel rooms as part of the continued economic recovery. Accordingly, any delay or weaker than anticipated economic growth could materially and adversely affect us and our growth prospects. Furthermore, even if the economy continues to grow, we cannot provide any assurances that demand for hotel rooms will increase from current levels. If demand does not increase in the near future, or if demand weakens, our future results of operations and our growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
The ongoing need for capital expenditures at our hotels could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our hotels have an ongoing need for renovations and other capital improvements, including replacements, from time to time, of furniture, fixtures and equipment ("FF&E"). The franchisors of our hotels also require periodic capital improvements as a condition of maintaining the franchise licenses. In addition, our lenders will likely require that we set aside annual amounts for capital improvements to our hotels. The costs of these capital improvements could materially and adversely affect us.
Any difficulties in obtaining capital necessary to make required periodic capital expenditures and renovation of our hotels could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our hotels require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. In addition, acquisitions or redevelopment of additional hotels will require significant capital expenditures. We may not be able to fund capital improvements on our hotels or acquisitions of new hotels solely from cash provided from our operating activities because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain, to maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gain. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or hotel redevelopment through retained earnings is very limited. Consequently, we expect to rely upon the availability of debt or equity capital to fund capital improvements and acquisitions. If we are unable to obtain the capital necessary to make required periodic capital expenditures and renovate our hotels on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Adverse global market and economic conditions and dislocations in the markets could cause us to recognize impairment charges, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying value of the real estate and related intangible assets in which we have an ownership interest may not be recoverable. When circumstances indicate that the carrying value of real estate and related intangible assets may not be recoverable, we assess the recoverability of these assets by determining whether the carrying value will be recovered through the undiscounted future operating cash flows expected from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such expected undiscounted future cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, we adjust the real estate and related intangible assets to the fair value and recognize an impairment loss. Because our predecessor acquired many of our hotels when prices for hotels in many markets were at or near their peaks, we may be particularly susceptible to future non-cash impairment charges as compared to companies that have carrying values well below current market values, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Projections of expected future cash flows require management to make assumptions to estimate future occupancy, hotel operating expenses, and the number of years the hotel is held for investment, among other factors. The subjectivity of assumptions used in the future cash flow analysis, including discount rates, could result in an incorrect assessment of the hotel's fair value and, therefore, could result in the misstatement of the carrying value of our real estate and related intangible assets on our balance sheet and our results of operations. Ongoing adverse market and economic conditions and market volatility will likely continue to make it difficult to value the hotels owned by us, as well as the value of our intangible assets. As a result of adverse market and economic conditions, there may be significant uncertainty in the valuation, or in the stability of, the cash flows, discount rates and other factors related to such assets that could result in a substantial decrease in their value.
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Competition from other hotels in the markets in which we operate could adversely affect occupancy levels and/or ADRs, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
We face significant competition from owners and operators of other hotels. These competitors may have an operating model that enables them to offer rooms at lower rates than we can, which could result in those competitors increasing their occupancy at our expense and adversely affecting our ADRs. Given the importance of occupancy and ADR at focused-service and compact full-service hotels, this competition could adversely affect our ability to attract prospective guests, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
The RevPAR penetration index may not accurately reflect our hotels' respective market shares.
We use the RevPAR penetration index, which measures a hotel's RevPAR in relation to the average RevPAR of that hotel's competitive set, as an indicator of a hotel's market share in relation to its competitive set. However, as a particular hotel's competitive set is selected by us and the hotel management company that manages such hotel, no assurance can be given that a competitive set consisting of different hotels would not lead to a more accurate measure of such hotel's market share. As such, the RevPAR penetration index may not accurately reflect our hotels' respective market shares.
At
December 31, 2014
, we had approximately
$1.6 billion
of debt outstanding, which may materially and adversely affect our operating performance and put us at a competitive disadvantage.
Required repayments of debt and related interest may materially and adversely affect our operating performance. At
December 31, 2014
, we had approximately
$1.6 billion
of outstanding debt, approximately
$1.4 billion
of which bears interest at variable rates. After taking into consideration the effect of interest rate swaps,
$249.0 million
of our borrowings are subject to variable rates. Increases in interest rates on our existing or future variable rate debt would increase our interest expense, which could adversely affect our cash flows and our ability to pay distributions to shareholders.
Because we anticipate that our internally generated cash will be adequate to repay only a portion of our debt at maturity, we expect that we will be required to repay debt through debt refinancings and/or offerings of our securities. The amount of our outstanding debt may adversely affect our ability to refinance our debt.
If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, or at all, we may be forced to dispose of one or more of our hotels on disadvantageous terms, which may result in losses to us and may adversely affect cash available for distributions to our shareholders. In addition, if then-prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, our interest expense would increase, which would adversely affect our future operating results and liquidity.
Our substantial outstanding debt may harm our business, financial condition, liquidity, EBITDA, Funds from Operations ("FFO") and results of operations, including:
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requiring us to use a substantial portion of our cash flows to pay principal and interest, which would reduce the cash available for distributions to our shareholders;
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placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt;
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making us vulnerable to economic volatility, particularly if growth were to slow or stall and reduce our flexibility to respond to difficult economic conditions; and
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limiting our ability to borrow more money for operations, capital improvements or to finance future acquisitions.
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The use of debt to finance future acquisitions could restrict operations, inhibit our ability to grow our business and revenues, and negatively affect our business and financial results.
We may incur additional debt in connection with future hotel acquisitions. We may, in some instances, borrow under our unsecured revolving credit facility or borrow new funds to acquire hotels. In addition, we may incur mortgage debt by obtaining loans secured by a portfolio of some or all of the hotels that we own or acquire. If necessary or advisable, we also may borrow funds to make distributions to our shareholders in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To the extent that we incur debt in the future and do not have sufficient funds to repay such debt at maturity, it may be necessary to refinance the debt through debt or equity financings, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all and which could be dilutive to our shareholders. If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms or at all, we may be forced to dispose of hotels at inopportune times or on disadvantageous terms, which could result in losses. To the extent we cannot meet our future debt service obligations, we will risk losing to foreclosure some or all of our hotels that may be pledged to secure our obligations.
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For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our hotels would be treated as a sale of the hotel for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the hotel, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but we would not receive any cash proceeds, which could hinder our ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). In addition, we may give full or partial guarantees to lenders of mortgage debt on behalf of the entities that own our hotels. When we give a guarantee on behalf of an entity that owns one of our hotels, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity. If any of our hotels are foreclosed on due to a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our shareholders will be limited.
Our organizational documents have no limitation on the amount of indebtedness we may incur. As a result, we may become highly leveraged in the future, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Our business strategy contemplates the use of both non-recourse secured and unsecured debt to finance long-term growth. In addition, our organizational documents contain no limitations on the amount of debt that we may incur, and our board of trustees may change our financing policy at any time without shareholder notice or approval. As a result, we may be able to incur substantial additional debt, including secured debt, in the future. Incurring debt could subject us to many risks, including the risks that:
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our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest;
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our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;
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we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our shareholders, funds available for operations and capital expenditures, future business opportunities or other purposes;
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the terms of any refinancing may not be in the same amount or on terms as favorable as the terms of the existing debt being refinanced; and
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the use of leverage could adversely affect our ability to raise capital from other sources or to make distributions to our shareholders and could adversely affect the market price of our common shares.
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If we violate covenants in future agreements relating to indebtedness that we may incur, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, future indebtedness agreements may require that we meet certain covenant tests in order to make distributions to our shareholders.
Disruptions in the financial markets could adversely affect our ability to obtain sufficient third-party financing for our capital needs, including expansion, acquisition and other activities, on favorable terms or at all, which could materially and adversely affect us.
In recent years, the U.S. stock and credit markets experienced significant price volatility, dislocations and liquidity disruptions, which caused market prices of many stocks to fluctuate substantially and the spreads on prospective debt financings to widen considerably. Renewed volatility and uncertainty in the stock and credit markets may negatively impact our ability to access additional financing for our capital needs, including expansion, acquisition activities and other purposes, on favorable terms or at all, which may negatively affect our business. Additionally, due to this potential uncertainty, we may in the future be unable to refinance or extend our debt, or the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt. If we are not successful in refinancing our debt when it becomes due, we may be forced to dispose of hotels on disadvantageous terms, which might adversely affect our ability to service other debt and to meet our other obligations. A prolonged downturn in the financial markets may cause us to seek alternative sources of potentially less attractive financing and may require us to further adjust our business plan accordingly. These events also may make it more difficult or costly for us to raise capital through the issuance of new equity capital or the incurrence of additional secured or unsecured debt, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Hedging against interest rate exposure may adversely affect us.
Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging arrangements, such as cap agreements and swap agreements. These agreements involve the risks that these arrangements may fail to protect or adversely affect us because, among other things:
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interest rate hedging can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising and volatile interest rates;
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available interest rate hedges may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which protection is sought;
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the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability;
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the credit quality of the hedging counterparty owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction; and
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the hedging counterparty owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay.
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As a result of any of the foregoing, our hedging transactions, which are intended to limit losses, could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our failure to comply with all covenants in our existing or future debt agreements could materially and adversely affect us.
Our existing indebtedness, whether secured by our hotels or unsecured, and indebtedness that we may enter into in the future likely will contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability to enter into future indebtedness, whether secured by our hotels or unsecured, or to discontinue insurance coverage. In addition, our continued ability to borrow under our unsecured revolving credit facility is subject to compliance with our financial and other covenants, including covenants relating to debt service coverage ratios and leverage ratios, and our ability to meet these covenants may be adversely affected if U.S. lodging fundamentals do not continue to improve to the extent that we expect. In addition, any indebtedness that we enter into in the future likely will contain customary financial covenants, restrictions, requirements and other limitations with which we must comply. Our failure to comply with covenants in our existing or future indebtedness, as well as our inability to make required payments, could cause a default under the applicable debt agreement, which could result in the acceleration of the debt and require us to repay such debt with capital obtained from other sources, which may not be available to us or may be available only on unattractive terms. Furthermore, if we default on secured debt, lenders can take possession of the hotel or hotels securing such debt. In addition, debt agreements may contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the lenders the right to declare a default on its debt and to enforce remedies, including acceleration of the maturity of such debt upon the occurrence of a default under such other indebtedness. If we default on several of our debt agreements or any significant debt agreement, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Covenants applicable to future debt could restrict our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and, as a result, we may be unable to make distributions necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT, which could materially and adversely affect us and the market price of our common shares.
We intend to continue to operate in a manner so as to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In order to qualify as a REIT, we generally are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain, each year to our shareholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under the Code. In order to meet the REIT requirements, we may be required to issue common shares of beneficial interest in lieu of cash distributions. If, as a result of covenants applicable to our future debt, we are restricted from making distributions to our shareholders, we may be unable to make distributions necessary for us to avoid U.S. federal corporate income and excise taxes and maintain our qualification as a REIT, which could materially and adversely affect us and the market price of our shares.
We may change the distribution policy for our common shares of beneficial interest in the future.
Our management and board of trustees will continue to evaluate our distribution policy on a quarterly basis as they monitor the capital markets, the impact of the economy on our operations and other factors. Future distributions will be declared and paid at the discretion of our board of trustees and will depend upon a number of factors, including our actual and projected financial condition, liquidity, EBITDA, FFO and results of operations, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements, applicable law and such other factors as our board of trustees deems relevant. Any change in our distribution policy could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common shares.
Costs associated with, or failure to maintain, franchisor operating standards may materially and adversely affect us.
Under the terms of our franchise license agreements, we are required to meet specified operating standards and other terms and conditions. We expect that our franchisors will periodically inspect our hotels to ensure that we and the hotel management companies follow brand standards. Failure by us, or any hotel management company that we engage, to maintain these standards or other terms and conditions could result in a franchise license being canceled or the franchisor requiring us to undertake a costly property improvement program. If a franchise license is terminated due to our failure to make required
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improvements or to otherwise comply with its terms, we also may be liable to the franchisor for a termination payment, which will vary by franchisor and by hotel. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, a franchisor may require us to make capital expenditures, even if we do not believe the capital improvements are necessary or desirable or will result in an acceptable return on our investment. If the funds required to maintain franchisor operating standards are significant, or if a franchise license is terminated, we could be materially and adversely affected.
If we were to lose a franchise license at one or more of our hotels, the value of the affected hotels could decline significantly and we could incur significant costs to obtain new franchise licenses, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
If we were to lose a franchise license, we would be required to re-brand the affected hotel(s). As a result, the underlying value of a particular hotel could decline significantly from the loss of associated name recognition, marketing support, participation in guest loyalty programs and the centralized system provided by the franchisor, which could require us to recognize an impairment on the hotel. Furthermore, the loss of a franchise license at a particular hotel could harm our relationship with the franchisor, which could impede our ability to operate other hotels under the same brand, limit our ability to obtain new franchise licenses from the franchisor in the future on favorable terms, or at all, and cause us to incur significant costs to obtain a new franchise license for the particular hotel. Accordingly, if we lose one or more franchise licenses, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Applicable REIT laws may restrict certain business activities.
As a REIT, we are subject to various restrictions on our income, assets and activities. Business activities that could be impacted by applicable REIT laws include, but are not limited to, activities such as developing alternative uses of real estate, including the development and/or sale of timeshare or condominium units. Due to these restrictions, we anticipate that we will continue to conduct certain business activities in one or more of our TRSs. Our TRSs are taxable as regular C corporations and are subject to federal, state, local, and, if applicable, foreign taxation on their taxable income. In addition, neither we, nor our TRSs can directly manage or operate hotels, making us entirely dependent on unrelated third-party operators/managers.
Federal income tax provisions applicable to REITs may restrict our business decisions regarding the potential sale of a hotel.
The federal income tax provisions applicable to REITs provide that any gain realized by a REIT on the sale of property held as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is treated as income from a "prohibited transaction" that is subject to a 100% excise tax. Under existing law, whether property, including hotels, is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is a question of fact that depends upon all of the facts and circumstances with respect to the particular transaction. We intend to hold our hotels for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring and owning hotels and to make occasional sales of hotels consistent with our investment objectives. There can be no assurance, however, that the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") might not contend that one or more of these sales are subject to the 100% excise tax. Moreover, the potential application of this penalty tax could deter us from selling one or more hotels even though it otherwise would be in the best interests of us and our shareholders for us to do so. There is a statutory safe harbor available for a limited number of sales in a single taxable year of properties that have been owned by a REIT for at least two years, but that safe harbor likely would not apply to all sales transactions that we might otherwise consider. As a result, we may not be able to vary our portfolio promptly in response to economic or other conditions or on favorable terms, which may adversely affect us.
Joint venture investments that we make could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on joint venture partners' financial condition and liquidity and disputes between us and our joint venture partners.
We own the DoubleTree Metropolitan Hotel New York City through a joint venture with an affiliate of the hotel's property manager. In addition, we may enter into joint ventures in the future to acquire, develop, improve or partially dispose of hotels, thereby reducing the amount of capital required by us to make investments and diversifying our capital sources for growth. Such joint venture investments involve risks not otherwise present in a wholly-owned hotel or a redevelopment project, including the following:
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we may not have exclusive control over the development, financing, leasing, management and other aspects of the hotel or joint venture, which may prevent us from taking actions that are in our best interest but opposed by our partners;
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joint venture agreements often restrict the transfer of a partner's interest or may otherwise restrict our ability to sell the interest when we desire or on advantageous terms;
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joint venture agreements may contain buy-sell provisions pursuant to which one partner may initiate procedures requiring the other partner to choose between buying the other partner's interest or selling its interest to that partner;
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a partner may, at any time, have economic or business interests or goals that are, or that may become, inconsistent with our business interests or goals;
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a partner may fail to fund its share of required capital contributions or may become bankrupt, which would mean that we and any other remaining partners generally would remain liable for the joint venture's liabilities; or
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we may, in certain circumstances, be liable for the actions of a partner, and the activities of a partner could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, even though we do not control the joint venture.
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Any of the above might subject a hotel to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and adversely affect the value of our current and future joint venture investments.
Risks Related to the Lodging Industry
Our ability to make distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected by various operating risks common to the lodging industry, including competition, over-building and dependence on business travel and tourism.
The hotels that we own have different economic characteristics than many other real estate assets. A typical office property, for example, has long-term leases with third-party tenants, which provides a relatively stable long-term stream of revenue. Hotels, on the other hand, generate revenue from guests that typically stay at the hotel for only a few nights, which causes the room rate and occupancy levels at each of our hotels to change every day, and results in earnings that can be highly volatile.
In addition, our hotels are subject to various operating risks common to the lodging industry, many of which are beyond our control, including, among others, the following:
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competition from other hotels in the markets in which we operate;
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over-building of hotels in the markets in which we operate, which results in increased supply and will adversely affect occupancy and revenues at our hotels;
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dependence on business and commercial travelers and tourism;
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labor strikes, disruptions or lockouts that may impact operating performance;
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increases in energy costs and other expenses affecting travel, which may affect travel patterns and reduce the number of business and commercial travelers and tourists;
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requirements for periodic capital reinvestment to repair and upgrade hotels;
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increases in operating costs due to inflation and other factors that may not be offset by increased room rates;
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changes in interest rates;
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changes in the availability, cost and terms of financing;
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changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances;
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adverse effects of international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions;
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unforeseen events beyond our control, such as terrorist attacks, travel-related health concerns, including pandemics and epidemics, imposition of taxes or surcharges by regulatory authorities, travel-related accidents and unusual weather patterns, including natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis or earthquakes;
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adverse effects of worsening conditions in the lodging industry; and
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risks generally associated with the ownership of hotels and real estate, as we discuss in detail below.
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The occurrence of any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect us.
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The seasonality of the lodging industry could have a material adverse effect on us.
The lodging industry is seasonal in nature, which can be expected to cause quarterly fluctuations in our revenues. Our quarterly earnings may be adversely affected by factors outside our control, including weather conditions and poor economic factors in certain markets in which we operate. For example, our hotels in the Chicago, Illinois metropolitan area experience lower revenues and profits during the winter months of December through March while our hotels in Florida generally have higher revenues in the months of January through April. This seasonality can be expected to cause periodic fluctuations in room revenues, occupancy levels, room rates and operating expenses in particular hotels. We can provide no assurances that our cash flows will be sufficient to offset any shortfalls that occur as a result of these fluctuations. As a result, we may have to enter into short-term borrowings in certain quarters in order to make distributions to our shareholders, and we can provide no assurances that such borrowings will be available on favorable terms, if at all. Consequently, volatility in our financial performance resulting from the seasonality of the lodging industry could have a material adverse effect on us.
The cyclical nature of the lodging industry may cause fluctuations in our operating performance, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
The lodging industry historically has been highly cyclical in nature. Fluctuations in lodging demand and, therefore, operating performance, are caused largely by general economic and local market conditions, which subsequently affect levels of business and leisure travel. In addition to general economic conditions, new hotel room supply is an important factor that can affect the lodging industry's performance, and overbuilding has the potential to further exacerbate the negative impact of an economic recession. Room rates and occupancy, and thus RevPAR, tend to increase when demand growth exceeds supply growth. We can provide no assurances regarding whether, or the extent to which, lodging demand will rebound or whether any such rebound will be sustained. An adverse change in lodging fundamentals could result in returns that are substantially below our expectations or result in losses, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our acquisition, redevelopment, repositioning, renovation and re-branding activities are subject to various risks, any of which could, among other things, result in disruptions to our hotel operations, strain management resources and materially and adversely affect our business.
We intend to continue to acquire, redevelop, reposition, renovate and re-brand hotels, subject to the availability of attractive hotels or projects and our ability to undertake such activities on satisfactory terms. In deciding whether to undertake such activities, we will make certain assumptions regarding the expected future performance of the hotel or project. However, newly acquired, redeveloped, renovated, repositioned or re-branded hotels may fail to perform as expected and the costs necessary to bring such hotels up to franchise standards may exceed our expectations, which may result in the hotels' failure to achieve projected returns.
In particular, to the extent that we engage in the activities described above, they could pose the following risks to our ongoing operations:
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we may abandon such activities and may be unable to recover expenses already incurred in connection with exploring such opportunities;
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acquired, redeveloped, renovated or re-branded hotels may not initially be accretive to our results of operations, and we and the hotel management companies may not successfully manage newly acquired, renovated, redeveloped, repositioned or re-branded hotels to meet our expectations;
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we may be unable to quickly, effectively and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of hotels, into our existing operations;
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our redevelopment, repositioning, renovation or re-branding activities may not be completed on schedule, which could result in increased debt service and other costs and lower revenues; and
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management attention may be diverted by our acquisition, redevelopment, repositioning or rebranding activities, which in some cases may turn out to be less compatible with our growth strategy than originally anticipated.
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The occurrence of any of the foregoing events, among others, could materially and adversely affect our business.
Certain of our hotels are subject to ground leases that contain provisions that may impact our ability to sell such hotels.
Our ground lease agreements with respect to certain of our hotels require the consent of the lessor or sub-lessor prior to transferring our interest in the ground lease. These provisions may impact our ability to sell our hotels which, in turn, could adversely impact the price realized from any such sale. In addition, at any given time, investors may be disinterested in buying properties subject to a ground lease and may pay a lower price for such properties than for a comparable property in fee simple
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or they may not purchase such properties at any price. Accordingly, we may find it difficult to sell a property subject to a ground lease or may receive lower proceeds from any such sale.
If we are found to be in breach of a ground lease or are unable to renew a ground lease, we could be materially and adversely affected.
As of
December 31, 2014
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eight
of our hotels were on land subject to ground leases. Accordingly, we only own a long-term leasehold or similar interest in those
eight
hotels. If we are found to be in breach of a ground lease, we could lose the right to use the hotel. In addition, unless we can purchase a fee interest in the underlying land and improvements or extend the terms of these leases before their expiration, as to which no assurance can be given, we will lose our right to operate these properties and our interest in the improvements upon expiration of the leases. Our ability to exercise any extension options relating to our ground leases is subject to the condition that we are not in default under the terms of the ground lease at the time that we exercise such options, and we can provide no assurances that we will be able to exercise any available options at such time. Furthermore, we can provide no assurances that we will be able to renew any ground lease upon its expiration. If we were to lose the right to use a hotel due to a breach or non-renewal of the ground lease, we would be unable to derive income from such hotel and would be required to purchase an interest in another hotel to attempt to replace that income, which could materially and adversely affect us.
We will not recognize any increase in the value of the land or improvements subject to our ground leases and may only receive a portion of compensation paid in any eminent domain proceeding with respect to the hotel.
Unless we purchase a fee interest in the land and improvements subject to our ground leases, we will not have any economic interest in the land or improvements at the expiration of our ground leases and therefore we will not share in any increase in value of the land or improvements beyond the term of a ground lease, notwithstanding our capital outlay to purchase our interest in the hotel or fund improvements thereon, and will lose our right to use the hotel. Furthermore, if the state or federal government seizes a hotel subject to a ground lease under its eminent domain power, we may only be entitled to a portion of any compensation awarded for the seizure.
The increasing use of Internet travel intermediaries by consumers may materially and adversely affect our profitability.
Although a majority of rooms sold on the Internet are sold through websites maintained by the hotel franchisors and managers, including Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt, some of our hotel rooms will be booked through Internet travel intermediaries. Typically, these Internet travel intermediaries purchase rooms at a negotiated discount from participating hotels, which could result in lower room rates than the franchisor or manager otherwise could have obtained. As these Internet bookings increase, these intermediaries may be able to obtain higher commissions, reduced room rates or other significant contract concessions from us and any hotel management companies that we engage. Moreover, some of these Internet travel intermediaries are attempting to offer hotel rooms as a commodity, by increasing the importance of price and general indicators of quality, such as "three-star downtown hotel," at the expense of brand identification or quality of product or service. If consumers develop brand loyalties to Internet reservations systems rather than to the brands under which our hotels are franchised, the value of our hotels could deteriorate and our business could be materially and adversely affected. Although most of the business for our hotels is expected to be derived from traditional channels, if the amount of sales made through Internet intermediaries increases significantly, room revenues may flatten or decrease and our profitability may be materially and adversely affected.
Technology is used in our operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or security failure of that technology could harm the business.
We and our hotel managers and franchisors rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes, including financial transactions and records, personal identifying information, reservations, billing and operating data. Although we believe we and our hotel managers and franchisors have taken commercially reasonable steps to protect the security of our systems, there can be no assurance that such security measures will prevent failures, inadequacies or interruptions in system services, or that system security will not be breached. Any failure to maintain proper function, security and availability of information systems could interrupt operations, damage reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The need for business-related travel and, thus, demand for rooms in our hotels may be materially and adversely affected by the increased use of business-related technology.
The increased use of teleconference and video-conference technology by businesses could result in decreased business travel as companies increase the use of technologies that allow multiple parties from different locations to participate at meetings without traveling to a centralized meeting location, such as our hotels. To the extent that such technologies play an
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increased role in day-to-day business and the necessity for business-related travel decreases, demand for our hotel rooms may decrease and we could be materially and adversely affected.
Future terrorist attacks or changes in terror alert levels could materially and adversely affect us.
Previous terrorist attacks and subsequent terrorist alerts have adversely affected the U.S. travel and hospitality industries over the past several years, often disproportionately to the effect on the overall economy. The extent of the impact that actual or threatened terrorist attacks in the U.S. or elsewhere could have on domestic and international travel and our business in particular cannot be determined, but any such attacks or the threat of such attacks could have a material adverse effect on travel and hotel demand and our ability to insure our hotels, which could materially and adversely affect us.
The outbreak of influenza or other widespread contagious disease could reduce travel and adversely affect hotel demand, which would have a material adverse effect on us.
A widespread outbreak of an infectious or contagious disease in the U.S. could reduce travel and adversely affect demand within the lodging industry. If demand at our hotels decreases significantly or for a prolonged period of time as a result of an outbreak of an infectious or contagious disease, our revenue would be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
The share ownership limits imposed by the Code for REITs and our declaration of trust may restrict share transfers and/or business combination opportunities, particularly if our management and board of trustees do not favor a combination proposal.
In order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year following our first year. Our declaration of trust, with certain exceptions, authorizes our board of trustees to take the actions that are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our board of trustees, no person or entity (other than a person or entity who has been granted an exception) may directly or indirectly, beneficially or constructively, own more than 9.8% of the aggregate of our outstanding common shares, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, or 9.8% of the aggregate of the outstanding preferred shares of any class or series, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive.
Our board may, in its sole discretion, grant an exemption to the share ownership limits, subject to certain conditions and the receipt by our board of certain representations and undertakings. Our board of trustees has granted exemptions from our ownership limits to certain shareholders. During the time that such waiver is effective, the excepted holders will be subject to an increased ownership limit. As a condition to granting such excepted holder limit, the excepted holders were required to make representations and warranties to us, which are intended to ensure that we will continue to meet the REIT ownership requirements. The excepted holders must inform us if any of these representations becomes untrue or is violated, in which case such excepted holder will lose its exemption from the ownership limit.
In addition, our board of trustees may change the share ownership limits. Our declaration of trust also prohibits any person from (1) beneficially or constructively owning, as determined by applying certain attribution rules of the Code, our shares if that would result in us being "closely held" under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT, including, but not limited to, as a result of any "eligible independent contractor" that operates a "qualified lodging facility" (each as defined in the Code) on behalf of a TRS failing to qualify as such, or us having significant non-qualifying income from "related" parties, or (2) transferring shares if such transfer would result in our shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons. The share ownership limits contained in our declaration of trust key off the ownership at any time by any "person," which term includes entities, and take into account direct and indirect ownership as determined under various ownership attribution rules in the Code. The share ownership limits also might delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
Our authorized but unissued common shares and preferred shares may prevent a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
Our declaration of trust authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued common or preferred shares. In addition, our board of trustees may, without shareholder approval, amend our declaration of trust to increase the aggregate number of our common shares or the number of shares of any class or series of preferred shares that we have authority to issue and classify or reclassify any unissued common shares or preferred shares and set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board of trustees may establish a series of common shares or preferred shares that could
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delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
Certain provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control.
Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law ("MGCL") that are applicable to Maryland real estate investment trusts may have the effect of deterring a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change in our control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common shares with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our common shares, including:
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"business combination" provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an "interested shareholder" (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of our voting shares or an affiliate or associate of ours who was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding voting shares at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question) for five years after the most recent date on which the shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, and thereafter impose fair price and/or supermajority and shareholder voting requirements on these combinations; and
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"control share" provisions that provide that "control shares" of our company (defined as voting shares that, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the shareholder, entitle the shareholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing trustees) acquired in a "control share acquisition" (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding "control shares") have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our shareholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares.
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As permitted by Maryland law, we have elected, by resolution of our board of trustees, to opt out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL and, pursuant to a provision in our bylaws, to exempt any acquisition of our shares from the control share provisions of the MGCL. However, our board of trustees may by resolution elect to repeal the exemption from the business combination provisions of the MGCL and may by amendment to our bylaws opt into the control share provisions of the MGCL at any time in the future.
Certain provisions of the MGCL applicable to Maryland real estate investment trusts permit our board of trustees, without shareholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our declaration of trust or bylaws, to adopt certain mechanisms, some of which (for example, a classified board) we do not have. These provisions may have the effect of limiting or precluding a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in our control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common shares with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then current market price.
Certain advance notice provisions of our bylaws inhibit changes in control.
Our bylaws provide that (a) with respect to an annual meeting of shareholders, nominations of individuals for election to our board of trustees and the proposal of other business to be considered by shareholders may be made only (i) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (ii) by the board of trustees or (iii) by a shareholder who was a shareholder of record at the time of the notice of the meeting and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in the bylaws and (b) with respect to special meetings of shareholders, only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of shareholders and nominations of individuals for election to the board of trustees may be made only (A) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (B) by the board of trustees or (C) provided that the board of trustees has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by a shareholder who was a shareholder of record at the time of the notice of the meeting and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in the bylaws. These advance notice provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium to the market price of our common stock or otherwise be in our shareholders' best interests.
Conflicts of interest could arise between the interests of our shareholders and the interests of holders of OP units in our operating partnership, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our shareholders.
Conflicts of interest could arise as a result of the relationships between us, on the one hand, and our operating partnership or any limited partner thereof, on the other. Our trustees and officers have duties to us and our shareholders under applicable Maryland law in connection with their management of our company. At the same time, we, as general partner of our operating partnership, have fiduciary duties and obligations to our operating partnership and its limited partners under Delaware law and the partnership agreement of our operating partnership in connection with the management of our operating partnership. Our duties as general partner to our operating partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our trustees and
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officers to our company and our shareholders. These conflicts may be resolved in a manner that is not in the best interests of our shareholders.
Our conflict of interest policy may not be successful in eliminating the influence of future conflicts of interest that may arise between us and our trustees, officers and employees.
We have adopted a policy that any transaction, agreement or relationship in which any of our trustees, officers or employees has a material direct or indirect pecuniary interest must be approved by a majority of our disinterested trustees. Other than this policy, however, we may not adopt additional formal procedures for the review and approval of conflict of interest transactions generally. As such, our policies and procedures may not be successful in eliminating the influence of conflicts of interest.
Certain provisions in the partnership agreement for our operating partnership may delay or prevent unsolicited acquisitions of us.
Provisions in the partnership agreement for our operating partnership may delay or make more difficult unsolicited acquisitions of us or changes in our control. These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an unsolicited acquisition of us or a change in our control, although some shareholders might consider such proposals, if made, desirable.
Termination of the employment agreements with our executive officers could be costly and prevent a change in our control.
The employment agreements that we entered into with each of our executive officers provide that, if their employment with us terminates under certain circumstances (including upon a change in our control), we are required to pay them significant amounts of severance compensation, including accelerated vesting of equity awards, thereby making it costly to terminate their employment. Furthermore, these provisions could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium paid for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
Our declaration of trust contains provisions that make removal of our trustees difficult, which could make it difficult for our shareholders to effect changes to our management.
Our declaration of trust provides that, subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred shares to elect or remove one or more trustees, a trustee may be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of trustees and that our board of trustees has the exclusive power to fill vacant trusteeships, even if the remaining trustees do not constitute a quorum. These provisions make it more difficult to change our management by removing and replacing trustees and may delay or prevent a change in our control that is in the best interests of our shareholders.
We may change our operational policies, investment guidelines and our investment and growth strategies without shareholder consent, which may subject us to different and more significant risks in the future, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Our board of trustees determines our operational policies, investment guidelines and our investment and growth strategies. Our board of trustees may make changes to, or approve transactions that deviate from, those policies, guidelines and strategies without a vote of, or notice to, our shareholders. This could result in us conducting operational matters, making investments or pursuing different investment or growth strategies than those contemplated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Under any of these circumstances, we may expose ourselves to different and more significant risks in the future, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Our rights and the rights of our shareholders to take action against our trustees and officers are limited, which could limit our shareholders' recourse in the event of actions not in our shareholders' best interests.
Under Maryland law generally, a trustee is required to perform his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interest and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Under Maryland law, trustees are presumed to have acted with this standard of care. In addition, our declaration of trust limits the liability of our trustees and officers to us and our shareholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:
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active and deliberate dishonesty by the trustee or officer that was established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action adjudicated.
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Our declaration of trust and bylaws obligate us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to any present or former trustee or officer who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service to us in that capacity. In addition, we may be obligated to advance the defense costs incurred by our trustees and officers. As a result, we and our shareholders may have more limited rights against our trustees and officers than might otherwise exist absent the current provisions in our declaration of trust and bylaws or that might exist with other companies.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results.
In connection with operating as a public company, we are required to provide reliable financial statements and reports to our shareholders. To monitor the accuracy and reliability of our financial reporting, we have established an internal audit function that oversees our internal controls. In addition, we have developed policies and procedures with respect to company-wide business processes and cycles in order to implement effective internal control over financial reporting. We have established, or caused our third-party hotel management companies to establish, controls and procedures designed to ensure that hotel revenues and expenses are properly recorded at our hotels. While we have undertaken substantial work to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in maintaining effective internal control over our financial reporting and may determine in the future that our existing internal controls need improvement. If we fail to comply with proper overall controls, we could be materially harmed or we could fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, the existence of a material weakness or significant deficiency in our internal controls could result in errors in our financial statements that could require a restatement, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, result in increased costs to remediate any deficiencies, attract regulatory scrutiny or lawsuits and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, leading to a substantial decline in the market price of our common shares.
Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
The illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to changing economic, financial, and investment conditions or changes in the operating performance of our properties, which could adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations.
Real estate investments, including the focused-service and compact full-service hotels in our portfolio, are relatively illiquid. As a result, we may not be able to sell a hotel or hotels quickly or on favorable terms in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions or changes in the hotel's operating performance when it otherwise may be prudent to do so. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any hotel we desire to sell for the price or on the terms set by us or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a hotel. We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a hotel can be sold, and we cannot provide any assurances that we will have funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements. Our inability to dispose of assets at opportune times or on favorable terms could adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations.
Moreover, the Code imposes restrictions on a REIT's ability to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. In particular, the tax laws applicable to REITs require that we hold our hotels for investment, rather than primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business, which may cause us to forego or defer sales of hotels that otherwise would be in our best interests. Therefore, we may not be able to vary our portfolio promptly in response to economic or other conditions or on favorable terms, which may adversely affect our cash flows, our ability to make distributions to shareholders and the market price of our common shares.
In addition, our ability to dispose of some of our hotels could be constrained by their tax attributes. Hotels that we own for a significant period of time or that we may acquire in the future through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for OP units in our operating partnership may have low tax bases. If we dispose of these hotels outright in taxable transactions, we may be required to distribute the taxable gain to our shareholders under the requirements of the Code applicable to REITs or to pay tax on that gain, either of which, in turn, would impact our cash flow and increase our leverage. In some cases, we may be restricted from disposing of properties contributed to us in the future in exchange for our OP units under tax protection agreements with contributors unless we incur additional costs related to indemnifying those contributors. To dispose of low basis or tax-protected hotels efficiently, we may from time to time use like-kind exchanges, which qualify for non-recognition of taxable gain, but can be difficult to consummate and result in the hotel for which the disposed assets are exchanged inheriting their low tax bases and other tax attributes.
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Many real estate costs are fixed, even if revenue from our hotels decreases.
Many costs, such as real estate taxes, insurance premiums and maintenance costs, generally are not reduced even when a hotel is not fully occupied, room rates decrease or other circumstances cause a reduction in revenues. In addition, newly acquired hotels may not produce the revenues we anticipate immediately, or at all, and the hotel's operating cash flow may be insufficient to pay the operating expenses and debt service associated with these new hotels. If we are unable to offset real estate costs with sufficient revenues across our portfolio, our financial performance and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.
Uninsured and underinsured losses at our hotels could materially and adversely affect us.
We maintain comprehensive insurance on each of our hotels and intend to maintain comprehensive insurance on any hotels that we acquire, including liability, fire and extended coverage, of the type and amount we believe are customarily obtained for or by hotel owners. There are no assurances that coverage will be available at reasonable rates. Various types of catastrophic losses, like windstorms, earthquakes and floods, losses from foreign terrorist activities such as those on September 11, 2001, or losses from domestic terrorist activities such as the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995, may not be insurable or may not be economically insurable. Even when insurable, these policies may have high deductibles and/or high premiums. Lenders may require such insurance and our failure to obtain such insurance could constitute a default under loan agreements, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
In the event of a substantial loss, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover the full current market value or replacement cost of our lost investment. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a hotel, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the hotel. In that event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the hotel. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors might also keep us from using insurance proceeds to replace or renovate a hotel after it has been damaged or destroyed. Under those circumstances, the insurance proceeds we receive might be inadequate to restore our economic position on the damaged or destroyed hotel, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
In addition, insurance risks associated with potential acts of terrorism could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. With the enactment of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007, United States insurers cannot exclude conventional chemical, biological, nuclear and radiation terrorism losses. These insurers must make terrorism insurance available under their property and casualty insurance policies; however, this legislation does not regulate the pricing of such insurance. In many cases, mortgage lenders have begun to insist that commercial property owners purchase coverage against terrorism as a condition of providing mortgage loans. Such insurance policies may not be available at a reasonable cost, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our hotels. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not have adequate coverage for such losses, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
We may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities related to recently acquired hotels and the hotels that we may acquire in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our recently acquired hotels, and the hotels that we may acquire in the future, may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities for which we may have no recourse, or only limited recourse, against the sellers. In general, the representations and warranties provided under the transaction agreements related to the purchase of hotels we acquire may not survive the completion of the transactions. Furthermore, indemnification under such agreements may be limited and subject to various materiality thresholds, a significant deductible or an aggregate cap on losses. As a result, there is no guarantee that we will recover any amounts with respect to losses due to breaches by the sellers of their representations and warranties. In addition, the total amount of costs and expenses that may be incurred with respect to liabilities associated with these hotels may exceed our expectations, and we may experience other unanticipated adverse effects, all of which may materially and adversely affect us.
Compliance or failure to comply with the ADA and other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs.
Under the ADA, all public accommodations must meet various federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Compliance with the ADA's requirements could require removal of access barriers, and non-compliance could result in the U.S. government imposing fines or in private litigants winning damages. In 2008, the ADA Amendments Act was enacted to expand the scope of the ADA. In September 2010, the Department of Justice published revised regulations that adopted revised enforceable accessibility standards called the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. These standards generally became effective on March 15, 2012. The new standards could cause some of our hotels to incur costly measures to become
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fully compliant. If we are required to make substantial modifications to the hotels that we acquire, whether to comply with the ADA or other changes in governmental rules and regulations, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Our hotels also are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements would require significant unanticipated expenditures that would affect our cash flow and results of operations. If we incur substantial costs to comply with the ADA or other safety regulations and requirements, our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares, cash flows and our ability to satisfy our debt obligations and to make distributions to our shareholders could be adversely affected.
We could incur significant, material costs related to government regulation and litigation with respect to environmental matters, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our hotels are subject to various U.S. federal, state and local environmental laws that impose liability for contamination. Under these laws, governmental entities have the authority to require us, as the current owner of a hotel, to perform or pay for the clean-up of contamination (including hazardous substances, asbestos and asbestos-containing materials, waste or petroleum products) at, on, under or emanating from the hotel and to pay for natural resource damages arising from such contamination. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator or other responsible party knew of, or caused such contamination, and the liability may be joint and several. Because these laws also impose liability on persons who owned or operated a property at the time it became contaminated, it is possible we could incur cleanup costs or other environmental liabilities even after we sell or no longer operate hotels. Contamination at, on, under or emanating from our hotels also may expose us to liability to private parties for costs of remediation and/or personal injury or property damage. In addition, environmental laws may create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs to address such contamination. If contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which the properties may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures. Moreover, environmental contamination can affect the value of a property and, therefore, an owner's ability to borrow funds using the property as collateral or to sell the property on favorable terms or at all. Furthermore, persons who sent waste to a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, may be liable for costs associated with cleanup of that facility.
In addition, our hotels are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that address a wide variety of issues, including, but not limited to, storage tanks, air emissions from emergency generators, storm water and wastewater discharges, lead-based paint, mold and mildew, and waste management. Some of our hotels routinely handle and use hazardous or regulated substances and wastes as part of their operations, which substances and wastes are subject to regulation (
e.g.
, swimming pool chemicals). Our hotels incur costs to comply with these environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and could be subject to fines and penalties for non-compliance with applicable requirements.
Certain of our hotels contain, and those that we acquire in the future may contain, or may have contained, asbestos-containing material ("ACM"). Federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws require that ACM be properly managed and maintained, and include requirements to undertake special precautions, such as removal or abatement, if ACM would be disturbed during maintenance, renovation or demolition of a building. Such laws regarding ACM may impose fines and penalties on building owners, employers and operators for failure to comply with these requirements. In addition, third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos-containing building materials.
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Indoor air quality issues can also stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contamination from indoor or outdoor sources, and other biological contaminants such as pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to airborne toxins or irritants above certain levels can be alleged to cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our hotels could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected property or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability to third parties if property damage or personal injury occurs.
Liabilities and costs associated with environmental contamination at, on, under or emanating from our properties, defending against claims related to alleged or actual environmental issues, or complying with environmental, health and safety laws could be material and could materially and adversely affect us. We can make no assurances that changes in current laws or regulations or future laws or regulations will not impose additional or new material environmental liabilities or that the current
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environmental condition of our hotels will not be affected by our operations, the condition of the properties in the vicinity of our hotels, or by third parties unrelated to us. The discovery of material environmental liabilities at our properties could subject us to unanticipated significant costs, which could significantly reduce or eliminate our profitability and the cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
We face possible risks associated with the physical effects of climate change.
We cannot predict with certainty whether climate change is occurring and, if so, at what rate. However, the physical effects of climate change could have a material adverse effect on us. For example, many of our properties are located along the Gulf and East coasts. To the extent climate change causes changes in weather patterns, our markets could experience increases in storm intensity and rising sea-levels. Over time, these conditions could result in declining hotel demand or our inability to operate the affected hotels at all. Climate change also may have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of energy and increasing the cost of snow removal at our properties. There can be no assurance that climate change will not have a material adverse effect on us.
We may incur significant costs complying with various regulatory requirements, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these various requirements, we could incur governmental fines or private damage awards. In addition, existing requirements could change and future requirements might require us to make significant unanticipated expenditures, which could materially and adversely affect us.
We may from time to time be subject to litigation that could expose us to uncertain or uninsured costs.
As owners of hotel properties, we may from time to time face potential claims, litigation and threatened litigation from guests, visitors to our properties, contractors, sub-contractors and others. These claims and proceedings are inherently uncertain and their costs and outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty. Some of these claims may result in defense costs, settlements, fines or judgments against us, some of which are not, or cannot be, covered by insurance. Payment of any such costs, settlements, fines or judgments that are not insured could have a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. In addition, certain litigation or the resolution of certain litigation may affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows, expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured, and/or adversely impact our ability to attract officers and trustees.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
Qualifying as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code.
Our qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Moreover, new legislation, court decisions or administrative guidance, in each case possibly with retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify as a REIT. Maintaining our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. Our ability to satisfy the REIT income and asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals, and upon our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to maintain our qualification as a REIT depends in part on the actions of third parties over which we have no control or only limited influence, including in some cases where we own an equity interest in an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Legislative or regulatory tax changes related to REITs could materially and adversely affect us.
There are a number of issues associated with an investment in a REIT that are related to the federal income tax laws, including, but not limited to, the consequences of a company's failing to qualify or to continue to qualify as a REIT and the tax rates applicable to REITs and their shareholders. At any time, the federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended or modified. Any new laws or interpretations may take effect retroactively and could materially and adversely affect us.
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If we do not qualify as a REIT or if we fail to remain qualified as a REIT, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax and potentially state and local taxes, which would reduce our earnings and the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
We have been organized, operate, and intend to continue to operate, in a manner that will enable us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2011 and thereafter. Our qualification as a REIT depends on our satisfaction of the requirements described above under "—Qualifying as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code."
If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and any available relief provisions do not apply, we would be subject to U.S. federal and state corporate income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and dividends paid to our shareholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. Unless we were entitled to statutory relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.
Any determination that we do not qualify as a REIT would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and could materially reduce the value of our common shares. Our additional tax liability could be substantial and would reduce our net earnings available for investment, debt service or distributions to shareholders. Furthermore, we would no longer be required to make any distributions to shareholders as a condition to REIT qualification and all of our distributions to shareholders would be taxable as ordinary C corporation dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. This means that our shareholders currently taxed as individuals would be taxed on those dividends at capital gain rates and our corporate shareholders generally would be entitled to the dividends received deduction with respect to such dividends, subject in each case, to applicable limitations under the Code. Our failure to qualify as a REIT also could cause an event of default under loan documents governing our debt.
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan or cause us to finance our needs during unfavorable market conditions.
We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital gain, in order for U.S. federal corporate income tax not to apply to earnings that we distribute. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our shareholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code.
From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). In addition, differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur. As a result, we may find it difficult or impossible to meet distribution requirements in certain circumstances. In particular, where we experience differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash, the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of our taxable income could cause us to: (1) sell assets in adverse market conditions; (2) incur debt or issue additional equity on unfavorable terms; (3) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt; or (4) make a taxable distribution of our common shares as part of a distribution in which shareholders may elect to receive our common shares or (subject to a limit measured as a percentage of the total distribution) cash, in order to comply with REIT requirements. These alternatives could increase our costs or dilute our equity. In addition, because the REIT distribution requirement prevents us from retaining earnings, we generally will be required to refinance debt at its maturity with additional debt or equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the market price of our common shares.
We may in the future choose to pay dividends in the form of our own common shares, in which case shareholders may be required to pay income taxes in excess of the cash dividends they receive.
We may seek in the future to distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and our common shares, at the election of each shareholder. Taxable shareholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, shareholders may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. shareholder sells the common shares that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common shares at the time of the sale. In addition, in such case, a U.S. shareholder could have a capital loss with respect to the common shares sold that could not be used to offset such dividend income. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. shareholders,
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we may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common shares. In addition, such a taxable share dividend could be viewed as equivalent to a reduction in our cash distributions, and that factor, as well as the possibility that a significant number of our shareholders could determine to sell our common shares in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, may put downward pressure on the market price of our common shares.
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, the maximum tax rate applicable to "qualified dividends" paid to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is 23.8% (taking into account the 3.8% Medicare tax applicable to net investment income). Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates and will continue to be subject to tax at rates applicable to ordinary income, which will be as high as 43.4% (taking into account the 3.8% Medicare tax applicable to net investment income). The more favorable tax rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the shares of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common shares.
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.
Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes, including payroll taxes, taxes on any undistributed income, taxes on income from some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure, a 100% excise tax on any transactions with a TRS that are not conducted on an arm's-length basis, and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. In addition, we could, in certain circumstances, be required to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain our qualification as a REIT. In addition, our TRSs will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes on their net taxable income, if any. To the extent that we conduct operations outside of the United States, our operations would subject us to applicable foreign taxes, as well. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for the payment of our debt obligations and distributions to shareholders.
If our leases are not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would likely fail to qualify as a REIT.
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income tests, pursuant to which specified percentages of our gross income must be passive income, such as rent. For the rent paid pursuant to the hotel leases with our TRSs, which we currently expect will continue to constitute substantially all of our gross income, to qualify for purposes of the gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes and must not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. We believe that the leases will be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes. There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS will agree with this characterization. If the leases were not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would not be able to satisfy either of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs and would likely lose our REIT status.
Rents paid to us by each of our TRSs may not be based on the net income or profits of any person, or they would not be treated as "rents from real property," in which case we would likely fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT. We receive "percentage rents" calculated based on the gross revenues of the hotels subject to leases with our TRSs, but not on net income or profits. We believe our leases have customary terms and rents, reflect normal business practices and do not provide for rent based on net income or profits, but there can be no assurance the IRS will agree.
The IRS has conducted audits of other lodging REITs, and in at least one case has focused on intercompany hotel leases between the REIT and its TRSs which purportedly reflect market terms. The IRS proposed transfer pricing adjustments in connection with this audit. We believe our leases have customary terms and rents and reflect normal business practices in this regard and comply with the arms-length requirement, but there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree. While it would not affect our REIT status, the IRS could adjust rents related to our leases which would cause us to incur a 100% excise tax on the potential adjustment.
If our TRSs fail to qualify as "taxable REIT subsidiaries" under the Code, we would likely fail to qualify as a REIT.
Rent paid by a lessee that is a "related party tenant" will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. We lease and expect to continue to lease substantially all of our hotels to our TRSs, which will not be treated as "related party tenants" so long as they qualify as "taxable REIT subsidiaries" under the Code. To qualify as such, most significantly, a taxable REIT subsidiary cannot engage in the operation or management of hotels. We believe that our TRSs will qualify to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries for federal income tax purposes. There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS will not challenge the status of a TRS for federal income tax purposes or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in disqualifying any of our TRSs from treatment as a taxable REIT subsidiary, it is
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likely that we would fail to meet the asset tests applicable to REITs and substantially all of our income would fail to qualify for the gross income tests. If we failed to meet either the asset tests or the gross income tests, we would likely lose our REIT status.
If any hotel management companies that we engage do not qualify as "eligible independent contractors," or if our hotels are not "qualified lodging facilities," we would likely fail to qualify as a REIT.
Rent paid by a lessee that is a "related party tenant" of ours generally will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. An exception is provided, however, for leases of "qualified lodging facilities" to a TRS so long as the hotels are managed by an "eligible independent contractor" and certain other requirements are satisfied. We intend to take advantage of this exception. We lease and expect to lease all or substantially all of our hotels to TRS lessees, which are disregarded subsidiaries of the TRSs, and to engage hotel management companies that are intended to qualify as "eligible independent contractors." Among other requirements, in order to qualify as an eligible independent contractor, the hotel management company must not own, directly or through its shareholders, more than 35% of our outstanding shares, and no person or group of persons can own more than 35% of our outstanding shares and the shares (or ownership interest) of the hotel management company (taking into account certain ownership attribution rules and, with respect to our shares and the outstanding shares of any publicly traded hotel management company, only the shares owned by persons who own, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of a publicly traded class of shares). The ownership attribution rules that apply for purposes of these 35% thresholds are complex, and monitoring actual and constructive ownership of our shares by the hotel management companies and their owners may not be practical. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that these ownership levels will not be exceeded.
In addition, for a hotel management company to qualify as an eligible independent contractor, such company or a related person must be actively engaged in the trade or business of operating "qualified lodging facilities" (as defined below) for one or more persons not related to the REIT or its TRSs at each time that such company enters into a hotel management contract with a TRS or its TRS lessee. As of the date hereof, we believe the hotel management companies operate qualified lodging facilities for certain persons who are not related to us or our TRS. However, no assurances can be provided that this will continue to be the case or that any other hotel management companies that we may engage in the future will in fact comply with this requirement in the future. Failure to comply with this requirement would require us to find other managers for future contracts, and, if we hired a management company without knowledge of the failure, it could jeopardize our status as a REIT.
Finally, each hotel with respect to which our TRS lessees pay rent must be a "qualified lodging facility." A "qualified lodging facility" is a hotel, motel, or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis, including customary amenities and facilities, provided that no wagering activities are conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. As of the date hereof, we believe that all of the hotels leased to our TRS lessees will be qualified lodging facilities. Although we intend to monitor future acquisitions and improvements of hotels, the REIT provisions of the Code provide only limited guidance for making determinations under the requirements for qualified lodging facilities, and there can be no assurance that these requirements will be satisfied in all cases.
Our ownership of taxable REIT subsidiaries is limited, and our transactions with our taxable REIT subsidiaries will cause us to be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if those transactions are not conducted on arm's length terms.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A corporation of which a taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT's assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. In addition, the rules applicable to taxable REIT subsidiaries limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT to assure that the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on "redetermined rent" or "redetermined deductions" to the extent rent paid by a taxable REIT subsidiary exceeds an arm's-length amount.
Our TRSs will pay U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on their net taxable income, and their after-tax net income will be available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed. We anticipate that the aggregate value of the stock and securities of our TRSs will be less than 25% of the value of our total assets (including the stock and securities of our TRSs). Furthermore, we will monitor the value of our respective investments in our TRSs for the purpose of ensuring compliance with the ownership limitations applicable to taxable REIT subsidiaries. In addition, we will scrutinize all of our transactions with our TRSs to ensure that they are entered into on arm's-length terms to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with the 25% limitation discussed above
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or to avoid application of the 100% excise tax discussed above. While we believe our leases have customary terms and reflect normal business practices and that the rents paid thereto reflect market terms, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree.
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to forgo and/or liquidate otherwise attractive investment opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that we meet the REIT gross income tests annually and that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate from our portfolio, or contribute to a taxable REIT subsidiary, otherwise attractive investments in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our shareholders. In addition, we may be required to make distributions to shareholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution, and may be unable to pursue investments that would otherwise be advantageous to us in order to satisfy the source of income or asset diversification requirements for qualifying as a REIT. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make, and, in certain cases, maintain ownership of, certain attractive investments.
If the IRS were to challenge successfully our operating partnership's status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and suffer other adverse consequences.
We believe, and will take steps to structure any ownership of OP units so that, our operating partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, rather than as a corporation. As a partnership, it will not be subject to federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including our company, will be required to pay tax on such partner's allocable share of its income. No assurance can be provided, however, that the IRS will not challenge our operating partnership's status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating our operating partnership as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, our company would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, would cease to qualify as a REIT.
As a result of our formation transactions, our TRSs may be limited in using certain tax benefits.
If a corporation undergoes an "ownership change" within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder, such corporation's ability to use net operating losses ("NOLs"), generated prior to the time of that ownership change may be limited. To the extent the affected corporation's ability to use NOLs is limited, such corporation's taxable income may increase. As of
December 31, 2014
, we had approximately $135.9 million of NOLs (all of which are attributable to our TRSs) which will begin to expire in 2026 for federal tax purposes and during the period from 2016 to 2026 for state tax purposes if not utilized. In general, an ownership change occurs if one or more large shareholders, known as "5% shareholders," including groups of shareholders that may be aggregated and treated as a single 5% shareholder, increase their aggregate percentage interest in a corporation by more than 50% over their lowest ownership percentage during the preceding three-year period. An ownership change within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code with respect to the TRSs of the REITs of Funds II and III occurred during the 2012 and 2013 tax years. Accordingly, to the extent such TRSs have taxable income in future years, their ability to use NOLs incurred prior to our formation transactions in future years will be limited, and they may have greater taxable income as a result of such limitation.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.
The REIT provisions of the Code may limit our ability to hedge our assets and operations. Under these provisions, any income that we generate from transactions intended to hedge our interest rate risk will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the REIT 75% and 95% gross income tests if the instrument hedges interest rate risk on liabilities used to carry or acquire real estate assets or manages the risk of certain currency fluctuations, and such instrument is properly identified under applicable Treasury Regulations. Income from hedging transactions that do not meet these requirements will generally constitute non-qualifying income for purposes of both the REIT 75% and 95% gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may have to limit our use of hedging techniques that might otherwise be advantageous or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because our TRS would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in our TRS will
31
generally not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried back or forward against past or future taxable income in the TRS.
Risks Related to Our Common Shares
Our cash available for distribution to shareholders may not be sufficient to pay distributions at expected or required levels, and we may need to borrow funds or rely on other external sources in order to make such distributions, or we may not be able to make such distributions at all, which could cause the market price of our common shares to decline significantly.
We intend to continue to pay regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common shares. All distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of trustees and will depend on our historical and projected results of operations, EBITDA, FFO, liquidity and financial condition, REIT qualification, debt service requirements, capital expenditures and operating expenses, prohibitions and other restrictions under financing arrangements and applicable law and other factors as our board of trustees may deem relevant from time to time. No assurance can be given that our projections will prove accurate or that any level of distributions or particular yield will be made or sustained. We may not be able to make distributions in the future or may need to fund such distributions through borrowings or other external financing sources, which may be available only at commercially unattractive terms, if at all. Any of the foregoing could cause the market price of our common shares to decline significantly.
Future issuances of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common shares upon our liquidation, and future issuances of equity securities (including OP units), which would dilute the holdings of our existing common shareholders and may be senior to our common shares for the purposes of making distributions, periodically or upon liquidation, may negatively affect the market price of our common shares.
In the future, we may issue debt or equity securities or incur other borrowings. Upon our liquidation, holders of our debt securities and other loans and preferred shares will receive a distribution of our available assets before common shareholders. If we incur debt in the future, our future interest costs could increase, and adversely affect our liquidity, FFO and results of operations. We are not required to offer any additional equity securities to existing common shareholders on a preemptive basis. Therefore, additional common share issuances, directly or through convertible or exchangeable securities (including OP units), warrants or options, will dilute the holdings of our existing common shareholders and such issuances or the perception of such issuances may reduce the market price of our common shares. Our preferred shares, if issued, would likely have a preference on distribution payments, periodically or upon liquidation, which could eliminate or otherwise limit our ability to make distributions to common shareholders. Because our decision to issue debt or equity securities or incur other borrowings in the future will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, nature or success of our future capital raising efforts. Thus, common shareholders bear the risk that our future issuances of debt or equity securities or our incurrence of other borrowings will negatively affect the market price of our common shares.
The number of common shares available for future issuance or sale could adversely affect the per share trading price of our common shares.
As of
February 18, 2015
, we had
131,930,364
common shares outstanding. In addition, as of such date,
894,000
OP units in our operating partnership were outstanding, which are redeemable for cash or, at our option, for a like number of our common shares. We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future resales of our common shares or OP units, or the perception of such resales, on the market price of our common shares. Any such future resales, or the perception that such resales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common shares and may also make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at times and upon terms that we deem appropriate.
In addition, subject to applicable law, our board of trustees has the authority, without further shareholder approval, to issue additional common shares and preferred shares on the terms and for the consideration it deems appropriate. We may issue from time to time additional common shares or OP units in connection with hotel acquisitions and may grant registration rights in connection with such issuances, pursuant to which we would agree to register the resale of such securities under the Securities Act. Furthermore, in the future we may issue common shares and securities convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, our common shares under our equity incentive plan. The market price of our common shares may decline significantly upon future issuances of equity under our equity incentive plan or in connection with hotel acquisitions.
The trading volume and market price of our common shares may be volatile and could decline substantially in the future.
The market price of our common shares may be volatile in the future. In addition, the trading volume in our common shares may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. We cannot assure shareholders that the market price of our common shares will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future, including as a result of factors unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. In particular, the market price of our common shares could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including, among others, the following:
32
|
•
|
actual or anticipated differences in our operating results, liquidity, or financial condition;
|
|
•
|
changes in our revenues, EBITDA, FFO or earnings estimates;
|
|
•
|
publication of research reports about us, our hotels or the lodging or overall real estate industry;
|
|
•
|
additions and departures of key personnel;
|
|
•
|
the performance and market valuations of other similar companies;
|
|
•
|
the passage of legislation or other regulatory developments that adversely affect us or our industry;
|
|
•
|
the realization of any of the other risk factors presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K;
|
|
•
|
speculation in the press or investment community;
|
|
•
|
changes in accounting principles;
|
|
•
|
terrorist acts; and
|
|
•
|
general market and economic conditions, including factors unrelated to our operating performance.
|
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their common shares. If the market price of our common shares is volatile and this type of litigation is brought against us, it could result in substantial costs and divert our management's attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Increases in market interest rates may reduce demand for our common shares and result in a decline in the market price of our common shares.
The market price of our common shares may be influenced by the distribution yield on our common shares (i.e., the amount of our annual distributions as a percentage of the market price of our common shares) relative to market interest rates. An increase in market interest rates, which are currently low compared to historical levels, may lead prospective purchasers of our common shares to expect a higher distribution yield, which we may not be able, or may choose not, to provide. Higher interest rates would also likely increase our borrowing costs and decrease our operating results and cash available for distribution. Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of our common shares to decline.
None.
Our Properties
The following table provides a comprehensive list of our properties as of
December 31, 2014
:
|
Location
|
Property Name
|
Rooms
|
Location
|
Property Name
|
Rooms
|
|
|
California
|
Kentucky
|
|||||
|
Courtyard San Francisco (1)
|
n/a
|
Courtyard Louisville Northeast
|
114
|
|||
|
Embassy Suites Irvine Orange County
|
293
|
Marriott Louisville Downtown
|
616
|
|||
|
Embassy Suites Los Angeles Downey
|
219
|
Residence Inn Louisville Downtown
|
140
|
|||
|
Hilton Garden Inn Los Angeles Hollywood
|
160
|
Residence Inn Louisville Northeast
|
102
|
|||
|
Hilton Garden Inn San Francisco Oakland Bay Brg
|
278
|
SpringHill Suites Louisville Hurstbourne North
|
142
|
|||
|
Hyatt House Cypress Anaheim
|
142
|
Louisiana
|
||||
|
Hyatt House Emeryville San Francisco Bay Area
|
234
|
Hilton Garden Inn New Orleans Convention Center
|
286
|
|||
|
Hyatt House San Diego Sorrento Mesa
|
193
|
Hotel Indigo New Orleans Garden District
|
132
|
|||
|
Hyatt House San Jose Silicon Valley
|
164
|
Massachusetts
|
||||
|
Hyatt House San Ramon
|
142
|
Embassy Suites Boston Waltham
|
275
|
|||
|
Hyatt House Santa Clara
|
150
|
Maryland
|
||||
|
Hyatt Place Fremont Silicon Valley
|
151
|
DoubleTree Hotel Columbia
|
152
|
|||
33
|
Location
|
Property Name
|
Rooms
|
Location
|
Property Name
|
Rooms
|
|
|
SpringHill Suites Bakersfield
|
119
|
Residence Inn Bethesda Downtown
|
187
|
|||
|
Colorado
|
Residence Inn Columbia
|
108
|
||||
|
Courtyard Boulder Longmont
|
78
|
Residence Inn National Harbor Washington DC
|
162
|
|||
|
Courtyard Boulder Louisville
|
154
|
Residence Inn Silver Spring
|
130
|
|||
|
Courtyard Denver West Golden
|
110
|
Michigan
|
||||
|
Courtyard Grand Junction
|
136
|
Courtyard Detroit Pontiac Bloomfield
|
110
|
|||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Denver Cherry Creek
|
134
|
Holiday Inn Grand Rapids Airport
|
148
|
|||
|
Hampton Inn Suites Denver Tech Center
|
123
|
Marriott Auburn Hills Pontiac @ Centerpoint
|
290
|
|||
|
Marriott Denver Airport @ Gateway Park
|
238
|
Residence Inn Detroit Novi
|
107
|
|||
|
Marriott Denver South @ Park Meadows
|
279
|
Residence Inn Detroit Pontiac Auburn Hills
|
114
|
|||
|
Renaissance Boulder Flatiron Hotel
|
232
|
North Carolina
|
||||
|
Residence Inn Boulder Louisville
|
88
|
Hilton Garden Inn Durham Raleigh Research Triangle Park
|
177
|
|||
|
Residence Inn Denver West Golden
|
88
|
Hyatt House Charlotte Center City
|
163
|
|||
|
Residence Inn Grand Junction
|
104
|
New York
|
||||
|
Residence Inn Longmont Boulder
|
84
|
Courtyard New York Manhattan Upper East Side
|
226
|
|||
|
SpringHill Suites Boulder Longmont
|
90
|
DoubleTree Metropolitan Hotel New York City (2)
|
764
|
|||
|
SpringHill Suites Denver North Westminster
|
164
|
Hampton Inn Garden City
|
143
|
|||
|
District of Columbia
|
Hilton Garden Inn New York West 35th Street
|
298
|
||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Washington DC Downtown
|
198
|
Hilton New York Fashion District
|
280
|
|||
|
Homewood Suites Washington DC Downtown
|
175
|
Ohio
|
||||
|
Florida
|
Embassy Suites Columbus
|
221
|
||||
|
Courtyard Fort Lauderdale SW Miramar
|
128
|
Oregon
|
||||
|
Courtyard Tampa Brandon
|
90
|
Courtyard Portland City Center
|
256
|
|||
|
DoubleTree Grand Key Resort
|
216
|
SpringHill Suites Portland Hillsboro
|
106
|
|||
|
Embassy Suites Fort Myers Estero
|
150
|
Pennsylvania
|
||||
|
Embassy Suites Tampa Downtown Convention Ctr
|
360
|
Renaissance Pittsburgh Hotel
|
300
|
|||
|
Embassy Suites West Palm Beach Central
|
194
|
Hilton Garden Inn Pittsburgh University Place
|
202
|
|||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Key West
|
106
|
South Carolina
|
||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Tampa Brandon
|
107
|
Courtyard Charleston Historic District
|
176
|
|||
|
Hampton Inn Fort Walton Beach
|
100
|
Texas
|
||||
|
Hampton Inn Suites Clearwater St Petersburg Ulmerton Road
|
128
|
Courtyard Austin Airport
|
150
|
|||
|
Hampton Inn West Palm Beach Arprt Central
|
105
|
Courtyard Austin Downtown Convention Center
|
270
|
|||
|
Hilton Cabana Miami Beach
|
231
|
Courtyard Austin Northwest Arboretum
|
102
|
|||
|
Hilton Garden Inn West Palm Beach Airport
|
100
|
Courtyard Austin South
|
110
|
|||
|
Homewood Suites Tampa Brandon
|
126
|
Courtyard Houston By The Galleria
|
190
|
|||
|
Renaissance Fort Lauderdale Plantation Hotel
|
250
|
Courtyard Houston Downtown Convention Center
|
191
|
|||
|
Residence Inn Fort Lauderdale Plantation
|
138
|
Courtyard Houston Sugarland
|
112
|
|||
|
Residence Inn Fort Lauderdale SW Miramar
|
130
|
Courtyard Mesquite
|
101
|
|||
|
Georgia
|
Courtyard San Antonio Airport Northstar
|
78
|
||||
|
Courtyard Atlanta Buckhead
|
181
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Austin South Airport
|
63
|
|||
|
Hyatt Atlanta Midtown
|
194
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites San Antonio Airport
|
120
|
|||
|
Residence Inn Atlanta Midtown Historic
|
90
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites San Antonio Dwntn Mkt
|
110
|
|||
|
Hawaii
|
Hampton Inn Houston Near The Galleria
|
176
|
||||
|
Courtyard Waikiki Beach
|
403
|
Hyatt House Austin Arboretum
|
130
|
|||
|
Illinois
|
Hyatt House Dallas Lincoln Park
|
155
|
||||
|
Marriott Chicago Midway
|
200
|
Hyatt House Dallas Uptown
|
141
|
|||
|
Courtyard Chicago Downtown Magnificent Mile
|
306
|
Hyatt House Houston Galleria
|
147
|
|||
|
Courtyard Midway Airport
|
174
|
Hyatt Market Street The Woodlands
|
70
|
|||
|
Courtyard Chicago Schaumburg
|
162
|
Marriott Austin South
|
211
|
|||
|
Residence Inn Chicago Oak Brook
|
156
|
Residence Inn Austin Downtown Convention Center
|
179
|
|||
|
Residence Inn Chicago Schaumburg
|
125
|
Residence Inn Austin North Parmer Lane
|
88
|
|||
34
|
Location
|
Property Name
|
Rooms
|
Location
|
Property Name
|
Rooms
|
|
|
Residence Inn Chicago Naperville
|
130
|
Residence Inn Austin Northwest Arboretum
|
84
|
|||
|
SpringHill Suites Chicago Schaumburg
|
132
|
Residence Inn Austin Round Rock
|
96
|
|||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Chicago Midway Airport
|
114
|
Residence Inn Austin South
|
66
|
|||
|
Hampton Inn Chicago Midway Airport
|
170
|
Residence Inn Houston By The Galleria
|
146
|
|||
|
Hilton Garden Inn Chicago Midway Airport
|
174
|
Residence Inn Houston Downtown Convention Center
|
171
|
|||
|
Sleep Inn Midway Airport
|
121
|
Residence Inn Houston Sugarland
|
78
|
|||
|
Holiday Inn Express & Suites Midway Airport
|
104
|
Residence Inn San Antonio Downtown Market Sq
|
95
|
|||
|
Indiana
|
SpringHill Suites Austin North Parmer Lane
|
132
|
||||
|
Courtyard Chicago Southeast Hammond
|
85
|
SpringHill Suites Austin South
|
152
|
|||
|
Courtyard Indianapolis @ The Capitol
|
124
|
SpringHill Suites Houston Downtown Convention Center (1)
|
n/a
|
|||
|
Courtyard South Bend Mishawaka
|
78
|
Utah
|
||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Chicago SE Hammond
|
94
|
Courtyard Salt Lake City Airport
|
154
|
|||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Merrillville
|
112
|
Residence Inn Salt Lake City Airport
|
104
|
|||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Valparaiso
|
63
|
Wisconsin
|
||||
|
Hampton Inn Merrillville
|
64
|
Hyatt Place Madison Downtown
|
151
|
|||
|
Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington
|
168
|
|||||
|
Holiday Inn Express Merrillville
|
62
|
|||||
|
Residence Inn Chicago Southeast Hammond
|
78
|
|||||
|
Residence Inn Indianapolis Carmel
|
120
|
|||||
|
Residence Inn Indianapolis Downtown On The Canal
|
134
|
|||||
|
Residence Inn Indianapolis Fishers
|
78
|
|||||
|
Residence Inn Merrillville
|
78
|
|||||
|
Residence Inn South Bend
|
80
|
|||||
|
SpringHill Suites Indianapolis Carmel
|
126
|
|||||
|
SpringHill Suites South Bend Mishawaka
|
87
|
|||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
This property is currently closed for renovation.
|
|
(2)
|
This hotel is owned through a joint venture in which we own a
98.1%
economic interest. We are the managing member of this joint venture and control all material decisions related to this hotel. Our joint venture partner is affiliated with the hotel's property manager.
|
Our Hotel Management Agreements
In order to qualify as a REIT, we cannot directly or indirectly operate any of our hotels. We lease our hotels to TRS lessees, which in turn engage property managers to manage our hotels. Each of our hotels is operated pursuant to a hotel management agreement with one of
16
independent hotel management companies. Each hotel management company receives a base management fee and is also eligible to receive an incentive management fee upon the achievement of certain financial benchmarks set forth in each applicable management agreement. The incentive management fee is generally calculated as a percentage of hotel operating profit after we have received a priority return on our investment in the hotel. WLS, a fully-integrated owner, developer and manager of premium-brand hotels, is the management company for
93
of our hotels and the remaining hotels are managed by
15
other hotel management companies located in the United States. Below is a summary of the principal terms of the hotel management agreements with WLS and a general overview of our non-WLS hotel management agreements.
WLS Hotel Management Agreements
Our TRS lessees, as lessees of the respective hotels, have entered into hotel management agreements with WLS for
93
of our hotels. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the form of the WLS hotel management agreement included as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Term
Our WLS hotel management agreements contain initial terms of 10 to 20 years and are subject to two automatic renewal terms of five to 10 years each. The WLS hotel management agreements have an average remaining initial term of approximately 12 years.
35
Amounts Payable under our WLS Hotel Management Agreements
Under the WLS hotel management agreements, WLS receives a base management fee and, if certain financial thresholds are met or exceeded, an incentive management fee. The base management fee is generally 4.0% of gross hotel revenues for the applicable hotel. Gross hotel revenue is calculated as all hotel revenue before subtracting expenses. The incentive management fee, which is calculated on a per hotel basis, is 15% of operating profit (as defined in the applicable management agreements) remaining after we receive an annual return equal to 11% of our total capital investment, including debt, in the applicable hotels. We also pay certain computer support and accounting service fees to WLS, as reflected in each hotel management agreement.
Termination Events
Performance Termination.
We have structured our WLS management agreements to align our interests with those of WLS by providing us with a right to terminate a WLS management agreement if WLS fails to achieve certain criteria relating to the performance of a hotel under WLS management, as measured with respect to any two consecutive fiscal years. We may initiate a performance termination if, during any two consecutive year period, (1) an independent hotel consulting expert, agreed to by both WLS and us, determines that the operating profit of the affected hotel is less than the operating profit of comparable hotels as determined by the independent hotel consulting expert, and (2) the RevPAR penetration index fails to exceed a specified RevPAR penetration index threshold, as set forth in the applicable management agreement. WLS has the right, which can be exercised no more than three times per hotel, to avoid a performance termination by paying an amount equal to the amount that the operating profit fell below the annual operating budgets for the relevant performance termination period, as reflected in each WLS management agreement, or by agreeing to offset the operating budget difference against future management fees due to WLS.
Early Termination for Casualty/Condemnation or Cause.
Subject to certain qualifications and applicable cure periods, the hotel management agreements are generally terminable by either party upon material casualty or condemnation of the hotel or the occurrence of certain customary events of default, including, among others: the bankruptcy or insolvency of either party; the failure of either party to make a payment when due, and failure to cure such non-payment after due notice; failure by us to provide WLS with sufficient working capital to operate the hotel after due notice; breach by either party of covenants or obligations under a WLS hotel management agreement; and failure by us to complete work approved or required under the terms of the hotel's franchise agreement and the applicable WLS management agreement.
If an event of default occurs and continues beyond the grace period set forth in the WLS hotel management agreement, the non-defaulting party generally has, among other remedies, the option of terminating the applicable hotel management agreement, upon at least 30 days' written notice to the other party.
Early Termination by WLS—Liquidated Damages.
In the event that WLS elects to terminate a WLS hotel management agreement due to an event of default by us, WLS may elect to recover a termination fee, as liquidated damages, equal to 2.5 times the actual base management fee and incentive management fee earned by WLS under that hotel management agreement in the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which such termination occurred.
Sale of a Hotel
Each WLS hotel management agreement provides that we cannot sell the applicable hotel to any unrelated third party or engage in certain change of control actions (1) if we are in default under the hotel management agreement or (2) with or to a person or entity that is known in the community as being of bad moral character or has been convicted of a felony or is in control of or controlled by persons convicted of a felony or would be in violation of any franchise agreement requirements applicable to us. Each WLS hotel management agreement further requires that any future owner of the applicable hotel, at the option of WLS, assume the WLS hotel management agreement or enter into a new WLS hotel management agreement for such hotel.
Other Hotel Management Agreements
As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K,
51
of our hotels are managed by
15
hotel management companies other than WLS. This number includes five and ten hotels that receive the benefits of a franchise agreement pursuant to management agreements with Marriott and Hyatt, respectively. Each of these hotels is subject to a hotel management agreement that contains customary terms and conditions that generally are similar to the provisions found in the WLS hotel management agreements described above. The hotel management agreements generally have initial terms that range from three to 25 years, and some provide for one or two automatic extension periods ranging from one to ten years. In addition, each hotel management company receives a base management fee ranging from
2.5%
and
4.0%
of gross hotel revenues. Management agreements that include the benefits of a franchise agreement incur a base management fee generally between
5.0%
and
7.0%
of hotel revenues. Management companies may also earn an incentive management fee ranging from 10% to 25% of available
36
cash flow (or other similar metric) as set forth in the applicable management agreement, calculated on a per hotel basis, generally equal to the operating profit of the hotel after deducting a priority return to us based upon a percentage of our total capital investment in the hotels. Each of the non-WLS hotel management agreements also provides us with a right to terminate such management agreement if the hotel management company fails to reach certain performance targets (as provided in the applicable management agreement) or provides us with a right to terminate the management agreement in our sole and absolute discretion. In addition, certain management agreements give us the right to terminate the management agreement upon the sale of the hotel or for any reason upon payment of a stipulated termination fee. The performance targets vary, but generally provide us with the right to terminate the applicable hotel management agreement if the operating profit of the hotel is less than 90% to 95% of the budget targets set forth pursuant to such management agreement and/or the RevPAR is less than 90% to 115% of comparable hotels. The hotel management agreements are also generally terminable by either party upon material casualty or condemnation of the hotel or the occurrence of certain customary events of default.
Franchise Agreements
As of
December 31, 2014
,
88
,
31
and
five
of our hotels operated under franchise agreements with Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt, respectively. These numbers exclude five and ten hotels that receive the benefits of a franchise agreement pursuant to management agreements with Marriott and Hyatt, respectively. The remaining
five
hotels that we own as of
December 31, 2014
operate under existing franchise agreements with brands other than Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt.
Franchisors provide a variety of benefits to franchisees, including centralized reservation systems, national advertising, marketing programs and publicity designed to increase brand awareness, training of personnel and maintenance of operational quality at hotels across the brand system. The franchise agreements generally specify management, operational, record-keeping, accounting, reporting and marketing standards and procedures with which our TRS lessees, as the franchisees, must comply. The franchise agreements obligate our TRS lessees to comply with the franchisors' standards and requirements, including training of operational personnel, safety, maintaining specified insurance, the types of services and products ancillary to guest room services that may be provided by the TRS lessee, display of signage and the type, quality and age of furniture, fixtures and equipment included in guest rooms, lobbies and other common areas. Each of the existing franchise agreements for our hotels require that we pay a royalty fee generally between
3.0%
and
6.0%
of room revenue, plus additional fees for marketing, central reservation systems and other franchisor costs that amount to between
1.0%
and
4.3%
of room revenue. Certain hotels are also charged a royalty fee of between
1.0%
and
3.0%
of food and beverage revenues. In addition, under certain of our franchise agreements, the franchisor may require that we renovate guest rooms and public facilities from time to time to comply with then-current brand standards.
The franchise agreements also provide for termination at the applicable franchisor's option upon the occurrence of certain events, including failure to pay royalties and fees or to perform other obligations under the franchise license, bankruptcy and abandonment of the franchise or a change in control. The TRS lessee that is the franchisee is responsible for making all payments under the applicable franchise agreement to the franchisor; however we are required to guarantee the obligations under each of the franchise agreements. In addition, many of our existing franchise agreements provide the franchisor with a right of first offer in the event of certain sales or transfers of a hotel and provide that the franchisor has the right to approve any change in the hotel management company engaged to manage the hotel.
TRS Leases
In order for us to qualify as a REIT, neither our company nor any of our subsidiaries, including the operating partnership, may directly or indirectly operate our hotels. Subsidiaries of our operating partnership, as lessors, lease our hotels to our TRS lessees, which, in turn, are parties to the existing hotel management agreements with third-party hotel management companies for each of our hotels. The TRS leases for our hotels contain the provisions described below. We intend that leases with respect to hotels acquired in the future will contain substantially similar provisions to those described below; however, we may, in our discretion, alter any of these provisions with respect to any particular lease.
Lease Terms
Leases have initial terms that range from three to five years and a majority of the leases can be renewed by our TRS lessees for three successive five-year renewal terms unless the lessee is in default at the expiration of the then-current term. In addition, our TRS leases are subject to early termination by us in the event that we sell the hotel to an unaffiliated party, a change in control occurs or applicable provisions of the Code are amended to permit us to operate our hotels. Our leases are also subject to early termination upon the occurrence of certain events of default and/or other contingencies described in the lease.
37
Amounts Payable under the Leases
During the term of each TRS lease, our TRS lessees are obligated to pay us a fixed annual base rent plus a percentage rent and certain other additional charges that our TRS lessees agree to pay under the terms of the respective TRS lease. Percentage rent is calculated based on revenues generated from guest rooms, food and beverage sales, and certain other sources, including meeting rooms and movie rentals. Base and percentage rents are paid to us monthly and any additional charges are paid to us when due.
Other than certain capital expenditures for the building and improvements, which are obligations of the lessor, the leases require our TRS lessees to pay rent, all costs and expenses, franchise fees, ground rent (if applicable), property taxes and certain insurance, and all utility and other charges incurred in the operation of the hotels they lease. The leases also provide for rent reductions and abatements in the event of damage to, or destruction or a partial taking of, any hotel.
All of the above mentioned transactions eliminate in consolidation.
Maintenance and Modifications
Under each TRS lease, the TRS lessee may, at its expense, make additions, modifications or improvements to the hotel that it deems desirable and that we approve. In addition, our TRS lessees are required, at their expense, to maintain the hotels in good order and repair, except for ordinary wear and tear, and to make repairs that may be necessary and appropriate to keep the hotel in good order and repair. Under the TRS lease, we are responsible for maintaining, at our cost, any underground utilities or structural elements, including exterior walls and the roof of the hotel (excluding, among other things, windows and mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems). Each TRS lessee, when and as required to meet the standards of the applicable hotel management agreement, any applicable hotel franchise agreement or to satisfy the requirements of any lender, must establish an FF&E reserve in an amount equal to up to 5% of gross revenue for the purpose of periodically repairing, replacing or refurbishing furnishings and equipment.
Events of Default
Events of default under each of the leases include, among others: the failure by a TRS lessee to pay rent when due; the breach by a TRS lessee of a covenant, condition or term under the lease, subject to the applicable cure period; the bankruptcy or insolvency of a TRS lessee; cessation of operations by a TRS lessee of the leased hotel for more than 30 days, except as a result of damage, destruction, or a partial or complete condemnation; or the default by a TRS lessee under a franchise agreement subject to any applicable cure period.
Termination of Leases on Disposition of the Hotels or Change of Control
In the event that we sell a hotel to a non-affiliate or a change of control occurs, we generally have the right to terminate the lease by paying the applicable TRS lessee a termination fee to be governed by the terms and conditions of the lease.
Ground Leases
As of
December 31, 2014
,
eight
of our hotels were subject to ground leases that cover the land underlying the respective hotels:
|
•
|
The Residence Inn Chicago Oak Brook is subject to a ground lease with an initial term that expires on March 6, 2100. During the initial term of the ground lease, the total rent is $1.56 million, which was paid in a lump sum upon commencement of the ground lease in 2001. After the initial term, we may extend the ground lease for an additional renewal term of 99 years for $1. Under certain circumstances set forth in the ground lease, we have the option to acquire the land underlying the Residence Inn Chicago Oak Brook.
|
|
•
|
The Courtyard Austin Downtown Convention Center and the Residence Inn Austin Downtown Convention Center, which are situated on the same parcel of land, are subject to a single ground lease with a term that expires on November 14, 2100. In addition to an aggregate annual rent of $0.4 million, we must pay annual percentage rent in the amount by which 3.25% of the total amount of rents for all guest rooms, meeting rooms or conference room exceeds total annual base rent. Under certain circumstances set forth in the ground lease, we will need to obtain the consent of the ground lessor prior to transferring our interest in the ground lease.
|
|
•
|
The Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington is subject to a ground lease with an initial term that expires on January 30, 2053. During the initial term of the ground lease, the total rent is $490, payable in 10 equal annual installments of $49 each, commencing on December 2, 2024. After expiration of the initial term, the ground lease will be automatically extended for five successive 10-year renewal terms unless we give notice of non-renewal or there is an uncured event of default (as defined in the ground lease) at the expiration of the then-current term. Under certain circumstances set
|
38
forth in the ground lease, we will need to obtain the consent of the ground lessor prior to transferring our interest in the ground lease. The Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington is also subject to an agreement to lease parking spaces with an initial term extending out to 2033. The agreement to lease parking spaces may be extended if certain events occur. The agreement provides for a monthly rental payment based on city ordinance rates (at
December 31, 2014
the rate was approximately $2 per month) and the number of parking spaces reserved for the exclusive use of the hotel, plus amounts based on actual usage in excess of the reserved spaces.
|
•
|
The Marriott Louisville Downtown is subject to a ground lease with an initial term that expires on June 25, 2053. The annual rent for the initial term of the ground lease is $1 plus a profits participation payment equal to 25% of the amount that net income during any year during the lease term exceeds a specified investment return as calculated based on the terms of the ground lease. After expiration of the initial term, the ground lease will be automatically extended for four successive 25-year terms unless we give notice of non-renewal or there is an uncured event of default (as defined in the ground lease) at the expiration of the then-current term. Under certain circumstances set forth in the ground lease, we will need to obtain the consent of the ground lessor prior to transferring our interest in the ground lease.
|
|
•
|
The Hampton Inn Garden City is subject to a sublease of a ground lease with a term that expires on December 31, 2016. The sublease is associated with an agreement for payment in lieu of taxes and will revert to fee simple ownership at the end of the ground lease. The annual rent for the term of the sublease is $1. In addition, an annual compliance fee of $1,000 is required under the terms of the ground lease. Under certain circumstances set forth in the sublease, we will need to obtain the consent of the ground sublessor prior to transferring our interest in the sublease.
|
|
•
|
A portion of the site of the Courtyard Charleston Historic District is subject to a ground lease with a term that expires on October 1, 2096. The current annual base rent of $0.8 million continues until 2021, after which the annual base rent increases periodically during the term of the ground lease to a maximum of $1.0 million. In addition to base rent, we are required to pay, as percentage rent, 1.5% of gross quarterly collected room revenue (from no more than 126 rooms per night). We are also responsible for paying all taxes, utilities and other costs associated with the ownership and operation of the property. All FF&E is deemed to be part of the leased premises. The ground lessor has a security interest in FF&E, which will become the property of the ground lessor upon termination or expiration of ground lease. We and the ground lessor each have the right to match any offer to purchase the hotel should the other party desire to sell their interest in the property. We are required to obtain the ground lessor's consent (which may not be unreasonably withheld) in connection with any change in the hotel management company.
|
|
•
|
The Courtyard Waikiki Beach is subject to a ground lease with a term extending to 2112. The annual ground rent is $3.5 million through 2016, after which the annual rent shall increase by the increase, if any, in the Consumer Price Index ("CPI") from the immediately preceding calendar year. The increase is limited to 5.0% per annum for the first 10 years in which the annual rent is subject to increase, and 6.0% per annum during the seven subsequent years in which the annual rent is subject to increase. Thereafter, there is no cap on the increase in the CPI.
|
The foregoing ground leases and ground subleases generally require us to pay all charges, costs, expenses, assessments and liabilities relating to ownership and operation of the properties, including real property taxes and utilities, and to obtain and maintain insurance covering the subject property.
The nature of the operations of our hotels exposes our hotels, the Company and the operating partnership to the risk of claims and litigation in the normal course of business. Other than routine litigation arising out of the ordinary course of business, the Company is not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to the Company's knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against the Company.
Not applicable.
39
Our common shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "RLJ." Below is a summary of the high and low prices of our common shares for each quarterly period for the years ended December 31,
2014
and
2013
, as reported on the NYSE and distributions paid by us with respect to each quarterly period.
|
2014
|
High
|
Low
|
Distribution
|
||||||||
|
January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014
|
$
|
27.28
|
|
$
|
23.65
|
|
$
|
0.220
|
|
||
|
April 1, 2014 through June 30, 2014
|
$
|
29.00
|
|
$
|
25.00
|
|
$
|
0.220
|
|
||
|
July 1, 2014 through September 30, 2014
|
$
|
30.64
|
|
$
|
27.76
|
|
$
|
0.300
|
|
||
|
October 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014
|
$
|
34.47
|
|
$
|
27.95
|
|
$
|
0.300
|
|
||
|
2013
|
High
|
Low
|
Distribution
|
||||||||
|
January 1, 2013 through March 31, 2013
|
$
|
22.82
|
|
$
|
19.72
|
|
$
|
0.205
|
|
||
|
April 1, 2013 through June 30, 2013
|
$
|
24.00
|
|
$
|
20.53
|
|
$
|
0.205
|
|
||
|
July 1, 2013 through September 30, 2013
|
$
|
24.70
|
|
$
|
22.28
|
|
$
|
0.205
|
|
||
|
October 1, 2013 through December 31, 2013
|
$
|
25.57
|
|
$
|
22.60
|
|
$
|
0.240
|
|
||
On
December 31, 2014
and
February 18, 2015
, the closing price of our common shares as reported on the NYSE was
$33.53
and
$33.54
, respectively.
40
Share Return Performance
The following graph compares the total shareholder return of our common shares against the cumulative total returns of the Standard & Poor's Corporation Composite 500 Index and the Morgan Stanley Capital International United States REIT Index ("MSCI US REIT Index") for the period from May 11, 2011, the date of the initial listing of our common shares of beneficial interest on the NYSE to
December 31, 2014
. The graph assumes an initial investment of $100 in our common shares and in each of the indices, and also assumes the reinvestment of dividends.
|
Name
|
Initial Investment at May 11, 2011
|
Value of Initial
Investment at Dec 31, 2011 |
Value of Initial
Investment at Dec 31, 2012 |
Value of Initial
Investment at Dec 31, 2013 |
Value of Initial
Investment at Dec 31, 2014 |
||||||||||||||
|
RLJ Lodging Trust
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
$
|
97.64
|
|
$
|
116.67
|
|
$
|
151.95
|
|
$
|
216.96
|
|
||||
|
S&P 500 Index
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
$
|
95.05
|
|
$
|
110.26
|
|
$
|
145.96
|
|
$
|
165.93
|
|
||||
|
MSCI US REIT Index
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
$
|
97.87
|
|
$
|
115.32
|
|
$
|
118.20
|
|
$
|
154.24
|
|
||||
This performance graph shall not be deemed "filed" for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or incorporated by reference into any filing by us under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
Shareholder Information
At
February 18, 2015
, we had
95
holders of record of our common shares. However, because many of our common shares are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of shareholders, we believe there are substantially more beneficial holders of our common shares than record holders. At
February 18, 2015
, there were four holders (other than our company) of our OP units. Our OP units are redeemable for cash or, at our election, for our common shares.
In order to comply with certain requirements related to our qualification as a REIT, our declaration of trust provides that, subject to certain exceptions, no person or entity (other than a person or entity who has been granted an exception) may directly or indirectly, beneficially or constructively, own more than 9.8% of the aggregate of our outstanding common shares, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, or 9.8% of the aggregate of the outstanding preferred shares of any class or series, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive.
41
Distribution Information
We intend, over time, to make regular quarterly distributions to our common shareholders. In order to qualify and maintain our qualification for taxation as a REIT, we intend to make annual distributions to our shareholders of at least 90% of our taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain.
The credit agreements governing our $300 million unsecured revolving credit facility and our unsecured term loans limit our ability to pay cash dividends. However, so long as no default or event of default exists, the credit agreements allow us to pay cash dividends with respect to any period of four fiscal quarters in an amount not to exceed (i) 95% of adjusted funds from operations (as defined in the credit agreements), (ii) the amount required for us to maintain our status as a REIT (including the right to distribute 100% of net capital gain) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, and (iii) the amount necessary for us to avoid income or excise tax under the Code. If certain defaults or events of default exist, we may pay cash dividends with respect to any fiscal year in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of (x) the minimum amount required for us to maintain our status as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, or (y) the amount necessary to avoid income or excise tax under the Code.
Any future distributions will be at the sole discretion of our board of trustees, and their form, timing and amount, if any, will depend upon a number of factors, including our actual and projected financial condition, liquidity, EBITDA, FFO and results of operations, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, as described above, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements, applicable law and such other factors as our board of trustees deems relevant. To the extent that our cash available for distribution is less than 90% of our REIT taxable income, we may consider various means to cover any such shortfall, including borrowing under our unsecured revolving credit facility or other loans, selling certain of our assets or using a portion of the net proceeds we receive from offerings of equity, equity-related or debt securities or declaring taxable share dividends.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
The Company did not sell any securities during the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2014
that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
During the year ended
December 31, 2014
, certain of our employees surrendered common shares owned by them to satisfy their statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations associated with the vesting of restricted common shares of beneficial interest issued under our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2011 Plan").
42
The following table summarizes all of these repurchases during the year ended
December 31, 2014
:
|
Period
|
Total number
of shares
purchased
|
Average price
paid per share
|
Total number of
shares purchased
as part of publicly
announced plans
or programs
|
Maximum number
of shares that may
yet be purchased
under the plans or
programs
|
|||||||
|
January 1, 2014 through January 31, 2014
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|||||
|
February 1, 2014 through February 28, 2014
|
33,137
|
|
(1)
|
$
|
25.44
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
||
|
March 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014
|
9,763
|
|
(1)
|
$
|
26.02
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
||
|
April 1, 2014 through April 30, 2014
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|||||
|
May 1, 2014 through May 31, 2014
|
44,802
|
|
(1)
|
$
|
27.02
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
||
|
June 1, 2014 through June 30, 2014
|
10,502
|
|
(1)
|
$
|
27.71
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
||
|
July 1, 2014 through July 31, 2014
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|||||
|
August 1, 2014 through August 31, 2014
|
45,588
|
|
(1)
|
$
|
29.28
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
||
|
September 1, 2014 through September 30, 2014
|
10,485
|
|
(1)
|
$
|
29.78
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
||
|
October 1, 2014 through October 31, 2014
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|||||
|
November 1, 2014 through November 30, 2014
|
46,894
|
|
(1)
|
$
|
32.13
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
||
|
December 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014
|
10,812
|
|
(1)
|
$
|
32.79
|
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
||
|
Total for the year ended December 31, 2014
|
211,983
|
|
|||||||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
The number of shares purchased represents common shares surrendered by certain of our employees to satisfy their statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations associated with the vesting of restricted common shares of beneficial interest issued under our 2011 Plan. With respect to these shares, the price paid per share is based on the closing price of our common shares as of the date of the determination of the statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations.
|
The following selected financial information should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements as of
December 31, 2014
and
2013
and for the three years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We completed our initial public offering ("IPO") on May 16, 2011. Due to the timing of the IPO, we present herein certain combined consolidated historical financial data for us and our predecessor. The consolidated financial data for our predecessor is not necessarily indicative of our results of operations, cash flows or financial position following the completion of the IPO.
The selected financial information as of and for the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
,
2012
,
2011
and
2010
has been derived from our audited historical financial statements. Due to the timing of the IPO, the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 reflect the financial condition and results of operations of our predecessor. The results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2011 reflect the financial condition and results of operations of our predecessor together with our Company.
43
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
2011
|
2010
|
|||||||||||||||
|
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Statement of Operations Data:
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Revenues:
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Room revenue
|
$
|
969,402
|
|
$
|
844,741
|
|
$
|
738,207
|
|
$
|
653,044
|
|
$
|
442,184
|
|
||||
|
Other property revenue
|
139,795
|
|
125,639
|
|
111,478
|
|
101,861
|
|
70,939
|
|
|||||||||
|
Total revenue
|
1,109,197
|
|
970,380
|
|
849,685
|
|
754,905
|
|
513,123
|
|
|||||||||
|
Expenses:
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Room expense
|
213,071
|
|
186,667
|
|
162,039
|
|
145,859
|
|
95,364
|
|
|||||||||
|
Other property expense
|
433,274
|
|
388,440
|
|
346,898
|
|
312,254
|
|
213,573
|
|
|||||||||
|
Total property operating expense
|
646,345
|
|
575,107
|
|
508,937
|
|
458,113
|
|
308,937
|
|
|||||||||
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
144,294
|
|
127,231
|
|
126,340
|
|
127,420
|
|
96,284
|
|
|||||||||
|
Property tax, insurance and other
|
71,443
|
|
63,627
|
|
52,745
|
|
46,289
|
|
32,182
|
|
|||||||||
|
Impairment loss
|
9,200
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||||||||
|
General and administrative (1)
|
41,671
|
|
35,466
|
|
31,086
|
|
24,175
|
|
19,534
|
|
|||||||||
|
Transaction and pursuit costs
|
4,850
|
|
4,410
|
|
3,520
|
|
3,996
|
|
14,345
|
|
|||||||||
|
IPO Costs
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
10,733
|
|
—
|
|
|||||||||
|
Total operating expenses
|
917,803
|
|
805,841
|
|
722,628
|
|
670,726
|
|
471,282
|
|
|||||||||
|
Operating income
|
191,394
|
|
164,539
|
|
127,057
|
|
84,179
|
|
41,841
|
|
|||||||||
|
Interest and other income
|
2,688
|
|
7,431
|
|
1,463
|
|
2,683
|
|
3,980
|
|
|||||||||
|
Interest expense
|
(56,810
|
)
|
(64,348
|
)
|
(83,689
|
)
|
(95,362
|
)
|
(86,047
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Income (loss) before provision for income tax expense
|
137,272
|
|
107,622
|
|
44,831
|
|
(8,500
|
)
|
(40,226
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Income tax expense
|
(1,145
|
)
|
(879
|
)
|
(1,369
|
)
|
(740
|
)
|
(943
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Gain on disposal of hotel properties
|
353
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||||||||
|
Net income (loss) from continuing operations, including gain on disposal
|
136,480
|
|
106,743
|
|
43,462
|
|
(9,240
|
)
|
(41,169
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
(1,039
|
)
|
(1,258
|
)
|
(39
|
)
|
(309
|
)
|
213
|
|
|||||||||
|
Distributions to preferred shareholders
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(61
|
)
|
(62
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Net income (loss) from continuing operations available to shareholders/owners
|
$
|
135,441
|
|
$
|
105,485
|
|
$
|
43,423
|
|
$
|
(9,610
|
)
|
$
|
(41,018
|
)
|
||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
General and administrative expense includes non-cash share compensation expense amortization for restricted share grants of
$15.1 million
,
$13.1 million
,
$8.6 million
and
$3.3 million
for the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
,
2012
and
2011
, respectively.
|
44
|
As of December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
2011
|
2010
|
|||||||||||||||
|
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Investment in hotel and other properties, net
|
$
|
3,518,803
|
|
$
|
3,241,163
|
|
$
|
3,073,483
|
|
$
|
2,820,457
|
|
$
|
2,626,690
|
|
||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
$
|
262,458
|
|
$
|
332,248
|
|
$
|
115,861
|
|
$
|
310,231
|
|
$
|
267,454
|
|
||||
|
Total assets
|
$
|
4,128,379
|
|
$
|
3,717,974
|
|
$
|
3,346,385
|
|
$
|
3,290,018
|
|
$
|
3,045,824
|
|
||||
|
Total debt
|
$
|
1,557,747
|
|
$
|
1,409,665
|
|
$
|
1,413,651
|
|
$
|
1,341,735
|
|
$
|
1,747,077
|
|
||||
|
Total liabilities
|
$
|
1,749,895
|
|
$
|
1,571,640
|
|
$
|
1,538,474
|
|
$
|
1,456,030
|
|
$
|
1,822,091
|
|
||||
|
Total equity
|
$
|
2,378,484
|
|
$
|
2,146,334
|
|
$
|
1,807,911
|
|
$
|
1,833,988
|
|
$
|
1,223,733
|
|
||||
|
Per Share Data:
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic income (loss) from continuing operations per share
|
$
|
1.06
|
|
$
|
0.89
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
|||||||
|
Diluted income (loss) from continuing operations per share (1)
|
$
|
1.05
|
|
$
|
0.88
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
|||||||
|
Weighted average shares outstanding—basic
|
127,360,669
|
|
117,950,066
|
|
105,423,604
|
|
95,340,666
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Weighted average shares outstanding—diluted (1)
|
128,293,843
|
|
118,738,626
|
|
105,748,686
|
|
95,340,666
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Dividends declared per share
|
$
|
1.04
|
|
$
|
0.86
|
|
$
|
0.70
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
|||||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
Income (loss) allocated to noncontrolling interest in our operating partnership has been excluded from the numerator, and OP units of our operating partnership have been omitted from the denominator, since the effect of including these amounts in the numerator and denominator would have no impact.
|
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements, related notes included thereto and Item 1.A., "Risk Factors", appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are a self-advised and self-administered Maryland real estate investment trust ("REIT") that acquires primarily premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. We are one of the largest U.S. publicly-traded lodging REITs in terms of both number of hotels and number of rooms. Our hotels are concentrated in markets that we believe exhibit multiple demand generators and high barriers to entry.
Our strategy is to acquire primarily premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. Focused-service and compact full-service hotels typically generate most of their revenue from room rentals, have limited food and beverage outlets and meeting space and require fewer employees than traditional full-service hotels. We believe premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels have the potential to generate attractive returns relative to other types of hotels due to their ability to achieve RevPAR levels at or close to those achieved by traditional full-service hotels while achieving higher profit margins due to their more efficient operating model and less volatile cash flows.
Despite current geopolitical challenges, we are very encouraged by the positive momentum in the U.S. economy. Lodging demand is almost at record levels and hotel supply remains below historical averages. We expect to see increases in corporate profits over the upcoming years and currently do not anticipate any significant slowdown in lodging fundamentals. Accordingly, we remain cautiously optimistic that we are in the midst of a positive multi-year lodging cycle.
Furthermore, we believe that attractive acquisition opportunities that meet our investment profile remain available in the market. We believe our cash on hand and expected access to capital (including availability under our unsecured revolving
credit facility) along with our senior management team’s experience, extensive industry relationships and asset management expertise, will enable us to compete effectively for such acquisitions and enable us to generate additional internal and external growth.
45
As of
December 31, 2014
, we owned
146
properties, comprised of
144
hotels with approximately
22,900
rooms and
two
planned hotel conversions, located in
21
states and the District of Columbia and an interest in a mortgage loan secured by a hotel. We own, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, 100% of the interests in all properties, with the exception of one property in which we own a
98.1%
controlling interest in a joint venture.
Our Customers
Substantially all of our hotels consist of premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. As a result of this property profile, the majority of our customers are transient in nature. Transient business typically represents individual business or leisure travelers. The majority of our hotels are located in business districts within major metropolitan areas. Accordingly, business travelers represent the majority of the transient demand at our hotels. As a result, macroeconomic factors impacting business travel have a greater effect on our business than factors impacting leisure travel.
Group business is typically defined as a minimum of 10 guestrooms booked together as part of the same piece of business. Group business may or may not use the meeting space at any given hotel. Given the limited meeting space at the majority of our hotels, group business that utilizes meeting space represents a small component of our customer base.
A number of our hotels are affiliated with brands marketed toward extended-stay customers. Extended-stay customers are generally defined as those staying five nights or longer. Reasons for extended stays may include, but are not limited to, training and/or special project business, relocation, litigation and insurance claims.
Our Revenues and Expenses
Our revenue is primarily derived from hotel operations, including the sale of rooms, food and beverage revenue and other operating department revenue, which consists of telephone, parking and other guest services.
Our operating costs and expenses consist of the costs to provide hotel services, including room expense, food and beverage expense, management fees and other operating expenses. Room expense includes housekeeping and front office wages and payroll taxes, reservation systems, room supplies, laundry services and other costs. Food and beverage expense primarily includes the cost of food, the cost of beverages and associated labor costs. Other hotel expenses include labor and other costs associated with the other operating department revenue, as well as labor and other costs associated with administrative departments, franchise fees, sales and marketing, repairs and maintenance and utility costs. Our hotels are managed by independent, third-party management companies under long-term agreements under which the management companies typically earn base and incentive management fees based on the levels of revenues and profitability of each individual hotel. We generally receive a cash distribution from the hotel management companies on a monthly basis, which reflects hotel-level sales less hotel-level operating expenses.
Key Indicators of Operating Performance
We use a variety of operating and other information to evaluate the operating performance of our business. These key indicators include financial information that is prepared in accordance with GAAP as well as other financial measures that are non-GAAP measures. In addition, we use other information that may not be financial in nature, including industry standard statistical information and comparative data. We use this information to measure the operating performance of our individual hotels, groups of hotels and/or business as a whole. We also use these metrics to evaluate the hotels in our portfolio and potential acquisitions to determine each hotel's contribution to cash flow and its potential to provide attractive long-term total returns. These key indicators include:
|
•
|
Average Daily Rate ("ADR")
—ADR represents total hotel room revenues divided by total number of rooms sold in a given period. ADR measures average room price attained by a hotel and ADR trends provide useful information concerning the pricing environment and the nature of the customer base of a hotel or group of hotels. We use ADR to assess the pricing levels that we are able to generate, as changes in rates have a greater impact on operating margins and profitability than changes in occupancy.
|
|
•
|
Occupancy
—Occupancy represents the total number of hotel rooms sold in a given period divided by the total number of rooms available. Occupancy measures the utilization of our hotels' available capacity. We use occupancy to measure demand at a specific hotel or group of hotels in a given period. Additionally, occupancy levels help us determine achievable ADR levels.
|
|
•
|
Revenue Per Available Room ("RevPAR")
—RevPAR is the product of ADR and occupancy. RevPAR does not include non-room revenues such as food and beverage revenue or other operating department revenues. We use
|
46
RevPAR to identify trend information with respect to room revenues from comparable properties and to evaluate hotel performance on a regional basis.
RevPAR changes that are primarily driven by changes in occupancy have different implications for overall revenues and profitability than changes that are driven primarily by changes in ADR. For example, an increase in occupancy at a hotel would lead to additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities and room supplies) and could also result in increased other operating department revenue and expense. Changes in ADR typically have a greater impact on operating margins and profitability as they only have a limited effect on variable operating costs.
ADR, Occupancy and RevPAR are commonly used measures within the lodging industry to evaluate operating performance. RevPAR is an important statistic for monitoring operating performance at the individual hotel level and across our entire business. We evaluate individual hotel RevPAR performance on an absolute basis with comparisons to budget and prior periods, as well as on a regional and company-wide basis. ADR and RevPAR include only room revenue. Room revenue comprised approximately
87.4%
of our total revenue for the year ended
December 31, 2014
and is dictated by demand (as measured by occupancy), pricing (as measured by ADR) and our available supply of hotel rooms.
Another commonly used measure in the lodging industry is the RevPAR penetration index, which measures a hotel's RevPAR in relation to the average RevPAR of that hotel's competitive set. Like other lodging companies, we use the RevPAR penetration index as an indicator of a hotel's market share in relation to its competitive set. However, the RevPAR penetration index for a particular hotel is not necessarily reflective of that hotel's relative share of any particular lodging market. The RevPAR penetration index for a particular hotel is calculated as the quotient of (1) the subject hotel's RevPAR divided by (2) the average RevPAR of the hotels in the subject hotel's competitive set, multiplied by 100. For example, if a hotel's RevPAR is $90 and the average RevPAR of the hotels in its competitive set is $90, the RevPAR penetration index would be 100, which would indicate that the subject hotel is capturing its fair market share in relation to its competitive set (i.e., the hotel's RevPAR is, on average, the same as its competitors). If, however, a hotel's RevPAR is $110 and the average RevPAR of the hotels in its competitive set is $90, the RevPAR penetration index of the subject hotel would be 122.2, which would indicate that the subject hotel maintains a RevPAR premium of approximately 22.2% (and, therefore, a market share premium) in relation to its competitive set.
One critical component in this calculation is the determination of a hotel's competitive set, which consists of a small group of hotels in the relevant market that we and the third-party hotel management company that manages the hotel believe are comparable for purposes of benchmarking the performance of such hotel. A hotel's competitive set is mutually agreed upon by us and the hotel's management company. Factors that we consider when establishing a competitive set include geographic proximity, brand affiliations and rate structure, as well as the level of service provided at the hotel. Competitive set determinations are highly subjective, however, and our methodology for determining a hotel's competitive set may differ materially from those used by other hotel owners and/or management companies.
For the year ended
December 31, 2014
, the portfolio wide RevPAR penetration index of our hotels was
111.7
which indicates that, on average, our hotels maintained a market share premium of approximately
11.7%
in relation to their competitive set.
We also use FFO, Adjusted FFO, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as non-GAAP measures of the operating performance of our business. See "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures."
Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
The principal factors affecting our operating results include overall demand for hotel rooms compared to the supply of available hotel rooms, and the ability of our third-party management companies to increase or maintain revenues while controlling expenses.
|
•
|
Demand
—The demand for lodging, especially business travel, generally fluctuates with the overall economy. Historically, periods of declining demand are followed by extended periods of relatively strong demand, which typically occurs during the growth phase of the lodging cycle.
|
|
•
|
Supply
—The development of new hotels is driven largely by construction costs, the availability of financing and expected performance of existing hotels.
|
We expect that our ADR, occupancy and RevPAR performance will be impacted by macroeconomic factors such as regional and local employment growth, government spending, personal income and corporate earnings, office vacancy rates and business relocation decisions, airport activity, business and leisure travel demand, new hotel construction and the pricing strategies of competitors. In addition, our ADR, occupancy and RevPAR performance are dependent on the continued success of the Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt brands.
47
|
•
|
Revenue
—
Substantially all of our revenue is derived from the operation of hotels. Specifically, our revenue is comprised of:
|
|
◦
|
Room revenue—
Occupancy and ADR are the major drivers of room revenue. Room revenue accounts for the substantial majority of our total revenue.
|
|
◦
|
Food and beverage revenue—
Occupancy, the nature of the property and the type of customer staying at the hotel are the major drivers of food and beverage revenue (i.e., group business typically generates more food and beverage business through catering functions when compared to transient business, which may or may not utilize the hotel's food and beverage outlets).
|
|
◦
|
Other operating department revenue—
Occupancy and the nature of the property are the main drivers of other ancillary revenue, such as telephone, parking and other guest services. Some hotels, due to the limited focus of the services offered and size or space limitations, may not have facilities that generate other operating department revenue.
|
|
•
|
Hotel Operating Expenses
—
The following presents the components of our hotel operating expenses:
|
|
◦
|
Room expense—
These costs include housekeeping and front office wages and payroll taxes, reservation systems, room supplies, laundry services and other costs. Like room revenue, occupancy is the major driver of room expense. These costs can increase based on increases in salaries and wages, as well as the level of service and amenities that are provided.
|
|
◦
|
Food and beverage expense—
These expenses primarily include food, beverage and labor costs. Occupancy and the type of customer staying at the hotel (i.e., catered functions generally are more profitable than restaurant, bar or other on-property food and beverage outlets) are the major drivers of food and beverage expense, which correlates closely with food and beverage revenue.
|
|
◦
|
Management fees—
Base management fees are computed as a percentage of gross revenue. Incentive management fees generally are paid when operating profits exceed certain threshold levels. See "Our Properties—Our Hotel Management Agreements."
|
|
◦
|
Other operating expenses—
These expenses include labor and other costs associated with the other operating department revenue, as well as labor and other costs associated with administrative departments, franchise fees, sales and marketing, repairs and maintenance and utility costs.
|
Most categories of variable operating expenses, including labor costs such as housekeeping, fluctuate with changes in occupancy. Increases in occupancy are accompanied by increases in most categories of variable operating expenses, while increases in ADR typically only result in increases in limited categories of operating costs and expenses, such as franchise fees, management fees and credit card processing fee expenses which are based on hotel revenues. Thus, changes in ADR have a more significant impact on operating margins than changes in occupancy.
2014 Significant Activities
Our significant activities reflect our commitment to maximizing shareholder value through selective acquisitions in high-growth markets, value-add renovations and conservative balance sheet management. During the
year ended December 31, 2014
, the following significant activities took place:
|
•
|
Completed a follow-on public offering of 9,200,000 common shares of beneficial interest at a public offering price of $26.45 per share, for net proceeds of approximately
$232.7 million
, after deducting the underwriting discount and other offering costs;
|
|
•
|
Purchased
15
hotel properties for an aggregate purchase price of
$632.0 million
;
|
|
•
|
Sold
18
hotel properties for an aggregate sale price of
$137.8 million
and recorded a gain on sale of
$0.4 million
;
|
|
•
|
Repaid
$170.7 million
of mortgage indebtedness;
|
|
•
|
Entered into a new $150.0 million seven-year unsecured term loan and $143.0 million of secured financing;
|
|
•
|
Entered into three interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $143.0 million;
|
|
•
|
Granted
343,887
restricted common shares of beneficial interest to trustees and certain employees; and
|
|
•
|
Declared cash dividends of $1.04 per share for the year, an increase of 21.6% over the cash dividends declared in 2013.
|
48
Results of Operations
At
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
we owned
146
,
149
and
145
properties, respectively. Based on when a property is acquired, disposed or closed for renovation, operating results for certain properties are not comparable for the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
. For comparisons between the years ended December 31 2014 and 2013, the non-comparable properties include 22 acquisitions which took place between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014, 18 dispositions which took place in 2014 and one property that was closed for renovation during a portion of the period between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014.
For comparisons between the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the non-comparable properties include 11 acquisitions which took place between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013 and one property that was closed for renovation during a portion of the period between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013.
We sold or transferred three hotels during 2013 which are included in discontinued operations for the years ended
December 31, 2013
and
2012
, respectively, and therefore are not included in any of the comparisons presented.
49
Comparison of the
year ended December 31, 2014
to the
year ended December 31, 2013
|
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
2014
|
2013
|
$ change
|
% change
|
||||||||||
|
|
(amounts in thousands)
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Operating revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Room revenue
|
$
|
969,402
|
|
$
|
844,741
|
|
$
|
124,661
|
|
14.8
|
%
|
|||
|
Food and beverage revenue
|
107,538
|
|
97,083
|
|
10,455
|
|
10.8
|
%
|
||||||
|
Other operating department revenue
|
32,257
|
|
28,556
|
|
3,701
|
|
13.0
|
%
|
||||||
|
Total revenue
|
$
|
1,109,197
|
|
$
|
970,380
|
|
$
|
138,817
|
|
14.3
|
%
|
|||
|
Expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Operating expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Room expense
|
$
|
213,071
|
|
$
|
186,667
|
|
$
|
26,404
|
|
14.1
|
%
|
|||
|
Food and beverage expense
|
75,468
|
|
67,945
|
|
7,523
|
|
11.1
|
%
|
||||||
|
Management fee expense
|
43,230
|
|
34,956
|
|
8,274
|
|
23.7
|
%
|
||||||
|
Other operating expense
|
314,576
|
|
285,539
|
|
29,037
|
|
10.2
|
%
|
||||||
|
Total property operating expense
|
646,345
|
|
575,107
|
|
71,238
|
|
12.4
|
%
|
||||||
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
144,294
|
|
127,231
|
|
17,063
|
|
13.4
|
%
|
||||||
|
Impairment loss
|
9,200
|
|
—
|
|
9,200
|
|
—
|
|
||||||
|
Property tax, insurance and other
|
71,443
|
|
63,627
|
|
7,816
|
|
12.3
|
%
|
||||||
|
General and administrative
|
41,671
|
|
35,466
|
|
6,205
|
|
17.5
|
%
|
||||||
|
Transaction and pursuit costs
|
4,850
|
|
4,410
|
|
440
|
|
10.0
|
%
|
||||||
|
Total operating expense
|
917,803
|
|
805,841
|
|
111,962
|
|
13.9
|
%
|
||||||
|
Operating income
|
191,394
|
|
164,539
|
|
26,855
|
|
16.3
|
%
|
||||||
|
Other income
|
807
|
|
903
|
|
(96
|
)
|
(10.6
|
)%
|
||||||
|
Interest income
|
1,881
|
|
1,665
|
|
216
|
|
13.0
|
%
|
||||||
|
Interest expense
|
(56,810
|
)
|
(64,348
|
)
|
7,538
|
|
(11.7
|
)%
|
||||||
|
Gain on foreclosure
|
—
|
|
4,863
|
|
(4,863
|
)
|
—
|
|
||||||
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
137,272
|
|
107,622
|
|
29,650
|
|
27.6
|
%
|
||||||
|
Income tax expense
|
(1,145
|
)
|
(879
|
)
|
(266
|
)
|
30.3
|
%
|
||||||
|
Income from continuing operations
|
136,127
|
|
106,743
|
|
29,384
|
|
27.5
|
%
|
||||||
|
Income from discontinued operations
|
—
|
|
7,436
|
|
(7,436
|
)
|
—
|
|
||||||
|
Gain on disposal of hotel properties
|
353
|
|
—
|
|
353
|
|
—
|
|
||||||
|
Net income
|
136,480
|
|
114,179
|
|
22,301
|
|
19.5
|
%
|
||||||
|
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Noncontrolling interest in joint venture
|
(171
|
)
|
(540
|
)
|
369
|
|
(68.3
|
)%
|
||||||
|
Noncontrolling interest in common units of Operating Partnership
|
(868
|
)
|
(718
|
)
|
(150
|
)
|
20.9
|
%
|
||||||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
135,441
|
|
$
|
112,921
|
|
$
|
22,520
|
|
19.9
|
%
|
|||
Revenue
Total revenue
increased
$138.8 million
, or
14.3%
, to
$1.1 billion
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
from
$970.4 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
. The
increase
was a result of
$83.1 million
in revenue attributable to non-comparable properties and a
6.9%
increase
in RevPAR at the comparable properties.
50
The following are the key hotel operating statistics for comparable properties at
December 31, 2014
and
2013
, respectively:
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
% Change
|
||||||||
|
Number of comparable properties (at end of period)
|
123
|
|
123
|
|
||||||
|
Occupancy %
|
78.4
|
%
|
75.6
|
%
|
3.7
|
%
|
||||
|
ADR
|
$
|
148.50
|
|
$
|
144.05
|
|
3.1
|
%
|
||
|
RevPAR
|
$
|
116.38
|
|
$
|
108.89
|
|
6.9
|
%
|
||
Room Revenue
Our portfolio consists primarily of focused-service and compact full-service hotels that generate the majority of their revenues through room sales. Room revenue
increased
$124.7 million
, or
14.8%
, to
$969.4 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
from
$844.7 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
. This
increase
was a result of
$72.7 million
of room revenue from non-comparable properties and a
6.9%
increase
in RevPAR at the comparable properties.
Food and Beverage Revenue
Food and beverage revenue
increased
$10.5 million
, or
10.8%
, to
$107.5 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
from
$97.1 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
. The
increase
includes
$7.1 million
in food and beverage revenue arising from non-comparable properties. Food and beverage revenue for the remainder of the portfolio increased
$3.4 million
.
Other Operating Department Revenue
Other operating department revenue, which includes revenue derived from ancillary sources such as telephone charges and parking fees,
increased
$3.7 million
, or
13.0%
, to
$32.3 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
from
$28.6 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
. This
increase
was primarily due to
$3.3 million
of other operating department revenue from non-comparable properties.
Property Operating Expense
Property operating expense
increased
$71.2 million
, or
12.4%
, to
$646.3 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
from
$575.1 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
. This
increase
includes
$44.7 million
in property operating expense attributable to non-comparable properties. The remaining increase was primarily attributable to higher room expense, food and beverage expense, other operating department costs and management and franchise fees at the comparable properties. Room expense, food and beverage expense, and other operating department costs fluctuate based on various factors, including changes in occupancy, labor costs, utilities and insurance costs. Management fees and franchise fees, which are computed as a percentage of gross revenue and room revenue, respectively, increased as a result of higher revenues.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense
increased
$17.1 million
, or
13.4%
, to
$144.3 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
from
$127.2 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
. The
increase
is the result of a
$14.5 million
increase in depreciation and amortization expense arising from non-comparable properties. The remaining increase is the result of capital expenditures to improve our properties.
Impairment
For the year ended December 31, 2014
, we incurred
$9.2 million
of impairment loss on three hotels. The impairment was the result of an evaluation of the recoverability of the carrying values given the current expectation to sell the hotels before the end of their previously estimated useful lives.
51
Property Tax, Insurance and Other
Property tax, insurance and other expense
increased
$7.8 million
, or
12.3%
, to
$71.4 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
from
$63.6 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
. The
increase
includes
$5.3 million
in property tax, insurance and other expense attributable to non-comparable properties. The remaining increase of
$2.5 million
is the net impact of increasing property tax assessments offset by favorable resolution of property tax appeals at comparable properties.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense
increased
$6.2 million
, or
17.5%
, to
$41.7 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
from
$35.5 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
. The
increase
in general and administrative expense is primarily attributable to an increase in compensation related expense of
$4.3 million
and an increase in amortization of restricted share awards of
$2.0 million
.
Interest Expense
The components of our interest expense for the
years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
are as follows (in thousands):
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
|||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
||||||
|
Mortgage indebtedness
|
$
|
23,282
|
|
$
|
44,290
|
|
|
|
Revolving credit facility and term loans
|
29,560
|
|
15,574
|
|
|||
|
Loss on defeasance
|
804
|
|
—
|
|
|||
|
Amortization of deferred financing fees
|
4,298
|
|
4,484
|
|
|||
|
Capitalized interest
|
(1,134
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||
|
Total interest expense
|
$
|
56,810
|
|
$
|
64,348
|
|
|
Interest expense
decreased
$7.5 million
, or
11.7%
, to
$56.8 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
from
$64.3 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
. The
decrease
in interest expense from mortgage indebtedness was due to decreases in principal balances as a result of mortgage amortization as well as mortgage principal balances that were paid down. The increase in interest expense from the revolving credit facility and term loans was due to increased borrowings on the term loans. The loss on defeasance related to costs incurred to extinguish the mortgage indebtedness in conjunction with the disposal of certain properties. The increase in capitalized interest was due to the three major redevelopment projects underway during the
year ended December 31, 2014
.
Income Taxes
As part of our structure, we own TRSs that are subject to federal and state income taxes. Income tax expense
increased
$0.3 million
to
$1.1 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
from
$0.9 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
, primarily as a result of the recognition of deferred tax benefits related to our TRSs in 2013. The effective tax rates were 19.4% and 10.1% for the
years ended December 31,
2014
and
2013
, respectively.
52
Comparison of the
year ended December 31, 2013
to the
year ended December 31, 2012
|
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
2013
|
2012
|
$ change
|
% change
|
||||||||||
|
|
(amounts in thousands)
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Hotel operating revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Room revenue
|
$
|
844,741
|
|
$
|
738,207
|
|
$
|
106,534
|
|
14.4
|
%
|
|||
|
Food and beverage revenue
|
97,083
|
|
87,549
|
|
9,534
|
|
10.9
|
%
|
||||||
|
Other operating department revenue
|
28,556
|
|
23,929
|
|
4,627
|
|
19.3
|
%
|
||||||
|
Total revenue
|
$
|
970,380
|
|
$
|
849,685
|
|
$
|
120,695
|
|
14.2
|
%
|
|||
|
Expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Operating expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Room expense
|
$
|
186,667
|
|
$
|
162,039
|
|
$
|
24,628
|
|
15.2
|
%
|
|||
|
Food and beverage expense
|
67,945
|
|
60,427
|
|
7,518
|
|
12.4
|
%
|
||||||
|
Management fee expense
|
34,956
|
|
29,906
|
|
5,050
|
|
16.9
|
%
|
||||||
|
Other operating expense
|
285,539
|
|
256,565
|
|
28,974
|
|
11.3
|
%
|
||||||
|
Total property operating expense
|
575,107
|
|
508,937
|
|
66,170
|
|
13.0
|
%
|
||||||
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
127,231
|
|
126,340
|
|
891
|
|
0.7
|
%
|
||||||
|
Property tax, insurance and other
|
63,627
|
|
52,745
|
|
10,882
|
|
20.6
|
%
|
||||||
|
General and administrative
|
35,466
|
|
31,086
|
|
4,380
|
|
14.1
|
%
|
||||||
|
Transaction and pursuit costs
|
4,410
|
|
3,520
|
|
890
|
|
25.3
|
%
|
||||||
|
Total operating expense
|
805,841
|
|
722,628
|
|
83,213
|
|
11.5
|
%
|
||||||
|
Operating income
|
164,539
|
|
127,057
|
|
37,482
|
|
29.5
|
%
|
||||||
|
Other income
|
903
|
|
433
|
|
470
|
|
108.5
|
%
|
||||||
|
Interest income
|
1,665
|
|
1,664
|
|
1
|
|
0.1
|
%
|
||||||
|
Interest expense
|
(64,348
|
)
|
(83,689
|
)
|
19,341
|
|
(23.1
|
)%
|
||||||
|
Loss on disposal
|
—
|
|
(634
|
)
|
634
|
|
—
|
%
|
||||||
|
Gain on foreclosure
|
4,863
|
|
—
|
|
4,863
|
|
—
|
%
|
||||||
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
107,622
|
|
44,831
|
|
62,791
|
|
140.1
|
%
|
||||||
|
Income tax expense
|
(879
|
)
|
(1,369
|
)
|
490
|
|
(35.8
|
)%
|
||||||
|
Income from continuing operations
|
106,743
|
|
43,462
|
|
63,281
|
|
145.6
|
%
|
||||||
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
|
7,436
|
|
(2,143
|
)
|
9,579
|
|
(447.0
|
)%
|
||||||
|
Net income
|
114,179
|
|
41,319
|
|
72,860
|
|
176.3
|
%
|
||||||
|
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Noncontrolling interest in joint venture
|
(540
|
)
|
404
|
|
(944
|
)
|
(233.7
|
)%
|
||||||
|
Noncontrolling interest in common units of Operating Partnership
|
(718
|
)
|
(425
|
)
|
(293
|
)
|
68.9
|
%
|
||||||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
112,921
|
|
$
|
41,298
|
|
$
|
71,623
|
|
173.4
|
%
|
|||
Revenue
Total revenue
increased
$120.7 million
, or
14.2%
, to
$970.4 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
from
$849.7 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. The
increase
was a result of
$67.1 million
in revenue attributable to non-comparable properties and a
7.1%
increase
in RevPAR at the comparable properties.
53
The following are the key hotel operating statistics for comparable properties at
December 31, 2013
and
2012
, respectively:
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2013
|
2012
|
% Change
|
||||||||
|
Number of comparable properties (at end of period)
|
137
|
|
137
|
|
||||||
|
Occupancy %
|
74.3
|
%
|
72.4
|
%
|
2.7
|
%
|
||||
|
ADR
|
$
|
138.34
|
|
$
|
132.70
|
|
4.3
|
%
|
||
|
RevPAR
|
$
|
102.85
|
|
$
|
96.06
|
|
7.1
|
%
|
||
Room Revenue
Our portfolio consists primarily of focused-service and compact full-service hotels that generate the majority of their revenues through room sales. Room revenue
increased
$106.5 million
, or
14.4%
, to
$844.7 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
from
$738.2 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. This
increase
was a result of
$57.9 million
of room revenue from non-comparable properties and a
7.1%
increase
in RevPAR at the comparable properties.
Food and Beverage Revenue
Food and beverage revenue
increased
$9.5 million
, or
10.9%
, to
$97.1 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
from
$87.5 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. The
increase
includes
$5.1 million
in food and beverage revenue arising from non-comparable properties. Food and beverage revenue for the remainder of the portfolio increased
$4.4 million
.
Other Operating Department Revenue
Other operating department revenue, which includes revenue derived from ancillary sources such as telephone charges and parking fees,
increased
$4.6 million
, or
19.3%
, to
$28.6 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
from
$23.9 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. The
increase
was primarily due to
$4.1 million
of other operating department revenue from non-comparable properties.
Property Operating Expense
Property operating expense
increased
$66.2 million
, or
13.0%
, to
$575.1 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
from
$508.9 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. This
increase
includes
$40.5 million
in hotel operating expense attributable to non-comparable properties. The remaining increase was primarily attributable to higher room expense, food and beverage expense, other operating department costs, and management and franchise fees at the comparable properties. Room expense, food and beverage expense and other operating department costs fluctuate based on various factors, including changes in occupancy, labor costs, utilities and insurance costs. Management fees and franchise fees, which are computed as a percentage of gross revenue and room revenue, respectively, increased as a result of higher revenues.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense
increased
$0.9 million
, or
0.7%
, to
$127.2 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
from
$126.3 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. The increase is the result of a
$9.0 million
increase in depreciation and amortization expense arising from non-comparable properties, partially offset by FF&E at hotels being fully depreciated during the periods and $4.7 million of accelerated depreciation that was recorded in 2012, but not in 2013.
Property Tax, Insurance and Other
Property tax, insurance and other expense
increased
$10.9 million
, or
20.6%
, to
$63.6 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
from
$52.7 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. The
increase
includes
$5.6 million
in property tax, insurance and other expense attributable to non-comparable properties. The remaining increase of
$5.3 million
is the net impact of increasing property tax assessments offset by favorable resolution of property tax appeals at the comparable properties.
54
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense
increased
$4.4 million
, or
14.1%
, to
$35.5 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
from
$31.1 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. The
increase
in general and administrative expense is primarily attributable to an increase in amortization of restricted share awards and performance units of
$1.9 million
and
$2.6 million
, respectively.
Interest Expense
The components of our interest expense for the years ended December 31,
2013
and
2012
are as follows (in thousands):
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
|||||||
|
2013
|
2012
|
||||||
|
Mortgage indebtedness
|
$
|
44,290
|
|
$
|
74,712
|
|
|
|
Revolving credit facility and term loans
|
15,574
|
|
3,525
|
|
|||
|
Amortization of deferred financing fees
|
4,484
|
|
5,452
|
|
|||
|
Total interest expense
|
$
|
64,348
|
|
$
|
83,689
|
|
|
Interest expense
decreased
$19.3 million
, or
23.1%
, to
$64.3 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
from
$83.7 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. The
decrease
in interest expense from mortgage indebtedness was due to decreases in principal balances as a result of mortgage amortization as well as mortgage principal balances that were paid down. The increase in interest expense from the Revolver and Term Loans was due to increased borrowings on the Revolver and Term Loans.
Income Taxes
As part of our structure, we own TRSs that are subject to federal and state income taxes. Income tax expense
decreased
$0.5 million
to
$0.9 million
for the year ended December 31, 2013 from
$1.4 million
for the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily as a result of the recognition of deferred tax benefits related to our TRSs in 2013. The effective tax rates were 10.1% and 6.2% for the
years ended December 31,
2013
and
2012
, respectively.
Income (loss) from Discontinued Operations
Income from discontinued operations
increased
$9.6 million
to
$7.4 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
from a loss of
$2.1 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. Income from discontinued operations for the
year ended December 31, 2013
includes a $2.1 million gain on the sale of the Fairfield Inn Memphis, Tennessee, a $3.3 million gain on extinguishment of indebtedness from the Courtyard Goshen, Indiana and a $2.4 million gain on extinguishment of indebtedness from the SpringHill Suites Southfield, Michigan.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We consider the following non-GAAP financial measures useful to investors as key supplemental measures of our performance: (1) FFO, (2) Adjusted FFO, (3) EBITDA, and (4) Adjusted EBITDA. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered along with, but not as alternatives to, net income or loss as a measure of our operating performance. FFO, Adjusted FFO, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to FFO, Adjusted FFO, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as reported by other companies that do not define such terms exactly as we define such terms.
55
Funds From Operations
We calculate FFO in accordance with standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("NAREIT") which defines FFO as net income or loss (calculated in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from sales of real estate, impairment, items classified by GAAP as extraordinary, the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, plus depreciation and amortization, and adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, most real estate industry investors consider FFO to be helpful in evaluating a real estate company’s operations. We believe that the presentation of FFO provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance and can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between REITs, even though FFO does not represent an amount that accrues directly to common shareholders. Our calculation of FFO may not be comparable to measures calculated by other companies who do not use the NAREIT definition of FFO or do not calculate FFO per diluted share in accordance with NAREIT guidance. Additionally, FFO may not be helpful when comparing us to non-REITs. We present FFO attributable to common shareholders, which includes our OP units, because our OP units may be redeemed for common shares. We believe it is meaningful for the investor to understand FFO attributable to all common shares and OP units.
We further adjust FFO for certain additional items that are not in NAREIT’s definition of FFO, such as hotel transaction and pursuit costs, the amortization of share-based compensation, and certain other expenses that we consider outside the normal course of business. We believe that Adjusted FFO provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding our ongoing operating performance that, when considered with net income and FFO, is beneficial to an investor’s understanding of our operating performance.
The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP net income to FFO and Adjusted FFO for the
years ended December 31,
2014
,
2013
and
2012
(in thousands):
|
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
||||||||
|
Net income (1)
|
$
|
136,480
|
|
$
|
114,179
|
|
$
|
41,319
|
|
||
|
Gain on disposal of hotel properties
|
(353
|
)
|
(2,081
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
144,294
|
|
127,231
|
|
126,340
|
|
|||||
|
Loss on disposal
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
634
|
|
|||||
|
Gain on extinguishment of indebtedness (2)
|
—
|
|
(5,708
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Impairment loss
|
9,200
|
|
—
|
|
896
|
|
|||||
|
Noncontrolling interest in joint venture
|
(171
|
)
|
(540
|
)
|
404
|
|
|||||
|
Adjustments related to discontinued operations (3)
|
—
|
|
199
|
|
458
|
|
|||||
|
Adjustments related to joint venture (4)
|
(186
|
)
|
(484
|
)
|
(451
|
)
|
|||||
|
FFO attributable to common shareholders
|
289,264
|
|
232,796
|
|
169,600
|
|
|||||
|
Gain on foreclosure
|
—
|
|
(4,863
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Transaction and pursuit costs
|
4,850
|
|
4,410
|
|
3,520
|
|
|||||
|
Amortization of share based compensation
|
15,088
|
|
13,078
|
|
8,626
|
|
|||||
|
Loan related costs (5)(6)(7)
|
1,073
|
|
1,046
|
|
3,451
|
|
|||||
|
Other expenses (8)(9)
|
432
|
|
157
|
|
436
|
|
|||||
|
Adjusted FFO
|
$
|
310,707
|
|
$
|
246,624
|
|
$
|
185,633
|
|
||
_______________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
Includes net income from discontinued operations for the years ended
December 31, 2013
and
2012
.
|
|
(2)
|
Includes the gain on extinguishment of indebtedness from the SpringHill Suites Southfield, Michigan and Courtyard Goshen, Indiana.
|
|
(3)
|
Includes depreciation and amortization expense from discontinued operations.
|
|
(4)
|
Includes depreciation and amortization expense allocated to the noncontrolling interest in joint venture.
|
|
(5)
|
Includes $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 of default interest and penalties incurred in connection with SpringHill Suites Southfield, Michigan mortgage loan.
|
|
(6)
|
Includes $1.0 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, of accelerated amortization of deferred financing fees related to the amendment and restatement of our credit facility.
|
|
(7)
|
Includes $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 of expenses related to the accelerated payoff of mortgage indebtedness.
|
|
(8)
|
Includes $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 of accelerated amortization of deferred management fees.
|
56
|
(9)
|
Includes $0.4 million, less than $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, of legal and other expenses outside the normal course of operations.
|
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization
EBITDA is defined as net income or loss excluding: (1) interest expense; (2) provision for income taxes, including income taxes applicable to sales of assets; and (3) depreciation and amortization. We consider EBITDA useful to an investor in evaluating and facilitating comparisons of our operating performance between periods and between REITs by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense) and asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization) from our operating results. In addition, EBITDA is used as one measure in determining the value of hotel acquisitions and dispositions. We present EBITDA attributable to common shareholders, which includes our OP units, because our OP units
may be redeemed for common shares. We believe it is meaningful for the investor to understand EBITDA attributable to all common shares and OP units.
We further adjust EBITDA for certain additional items such as gains or losses on dispositions, hotel transaction and pursuit costs, the amortization of share-based compensation, and certain other expenses that we consider outside the normal course of business. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding our ongoing operating performance that, when considered with net income and EBITDA, is beneficial to an investor’s understanding of our operating performance.
The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the
years ended December 31,
2014
,
2013
and
2012
(in thousands):
|
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
||||||||
|
Net income (1)
|
$
|
136,480
|
|
$
|
114,179
|
|
$
|
41,319
|
|
||
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
144,294
|
|
127,231
|
|
126,340
|
|
|||||
|
Interest expense, net (2)
|
56,144
|
|
64,317
|
|
83,653
|
|
|||||
|
Income tax expense
|
1,145
|
|
879
|
|
1,369
|
|
|||||
|
Noncontrolling interest in joint venture
|
(171
|
)
|
(540
|
)
|
404
|
|
|||||
|
Adjustments related to discontinued operations (3)
|
—
|
|
572
|
|
1,744
|
|
|||||
|
Adjustments related to joint venture (4)
|
(186
|
)
|
(484
|
)
|
(1,199
|
)
|
|||||
|
EBITDA
|
337,706
|
|
306,154
|
|
253,630
|
|
|||||
|
Transaction and pursuit costs
|
4,850
|
|
4,410
|
|
3,520
|
|
|||||
|
Gain on sale of property
|
(353
|
)
|
(2,081
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Gain on foreclosure
|
—
|
|
(4,863
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Gain on extinguishment of indebtedness (5)
|
—
|
|
(5,708
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Impairment loss
|
9,200
|
|
—
|
|
896
|
|
|||||
|
Loss on disposal
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
634
|
|
|||||
|
Amortization of share based compensation
|
15,088
|
|
13,078
|
|
8,626
|
|
|||||
|
Other expenses (6)(7)
|
432
|
|
157
|
|
436
|
|
|||||
|
Adjusted EBITDA
|
$
|
366,923
|
|
$
|
311,147
|
|
$
|
267,742
|
|
||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
Includes net income from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31,
2013
and
2012
.
|
|
(2)
|
Excludes amounts attributable to investment in loans of
$1.2 million
,
$1.6 million
and
$1.6 million
for the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, respectively.
|
|
(3)
|
Includes depreciation, amortization and interest expense related to discontinued operations.
|
|
(4)
|
Includes depreciation, amortization and interest expense allocated to the noncontrolling interest in joint venture.
|
|
(5)
|
Includes the gain on extinguishment of indebtedness from the SpringHill Suites Southfield, Michigan and Courtyard Goshen, Indiana.
|
|
(6)
|
Includes $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 of accelerated amortization of deferred management fees.
|
|
(7)
|
Includes $0.4 million, less than $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, of legal and other expenses outside the normal course of operations.
|
57
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our properties, including:
|
•
|
recurring maintenance and capital expenditures necessary to maintain our properties in accordance with brand standards;
|
|
•
|
interest expense and scheduled principal payments on outstanding indebtedness;
|
|
•
|
distributions necessary to qualify for taxation as a REIT; and
|
|
•
|
capital expenditures to improve our properties, including capital expenditures required by our franchisors.
|
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and proceeds from our recent underwritten public offering of common shares. On May 22, 2014, the Company completed an offering of 9,200,000
common shares generating gross proceeds of approximately
$243.3
million and proceeds, net of underwriters’ discounts and other offering costs, of approximately
$232.7 million
.
Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring additional properties and redevelopments, renovations, expansions and other capital expenditures that need to be made periodically with respect to our properties and scheduled debt payments, at maturity or otherwise. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, including our unsecured revolving credit facility and future equity (including OP units) or debt offerings, existing working capital, net cash provided by operations, long-term hotel mortgage indebtedness and other secured and unsecured borrowings. However, there are a number of factors that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including the current state of overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, the value of our unencumbered assets and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders, general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance and liquidity and market perceptions about us. The success of our business strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to access these various capital sources.
Our properties will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. In addition, acquisitions, redevelopments or expansions of properties will require significant capital outlays. We may not be able to fund such capital improvements solely from net cash provided by operations because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deductions for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain, to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gain. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or property redevelopment through retained earnings is very limited. Consequently, we expect to rely heavily upon the availability of debt or equity capital for these purposes. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Credit Facilities
We have in place the following unsecured credit agreements:
|
•
|
$300.0 million revolving credit facility with a scheduled maturity date of November 20, 2016 with a one-year extension option if certain conditions are satisfied (the "Revolver");
|
|
•
|
$400.0 million term loan with a scheduled maturity date of March 20, 2019 (which was originally scheduled to mature in 2017) (the "2012 Five-Year Term Loan");
|
|
•
|
$225.0 million term loan with a scheduled maturity date of November 20, 2019 (the "2012 Seven-Year Term Loan");
|
|
•
|
$400.0 million term loan with a scheduled maturity date of August 27, 2018 (the "2013 Five-Year Term Loan"); and
|
|
•
|
$150.0 million term loan with a scheduled maturity date of January 22, 2022 (the "2014 Seven-Year Term Loan").
|
The 2014 Seven-Year Term loan, the 2012 Five-Year Term Loan, the 2012 Seven-Year Term Loan and the 2013 Five-Year Term Loan are collectively the "Term Loans". The credit agreements for these loans require that a group of no less than 20 of our hotel properties remain unencumbered by outstanding indebtedness. The credit agreements contain certain financial covenants relating to our maximum leverage ratio, minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, minimum tangible net worth and maximum secured indebtedness. If an event of default exists we are not permitted to make distributions to shareholders, other
58
than those required to qualify for and maintain REIT status. As of
December 31, 2014
, we were in compliance with all financial covenants.
In 2012, we incurred
$5.2 million
in fees related to the Revolver, the 2012 Five-Year Term Loan and the 2012 Seven-Year Term Loan. In 2013, we incurred
$3.0 million
in fees related to the 2013 Five-Year Term Loan and the 2012 Seven-Year Term Loan amendment. In 2014, we incurred $2.9 million in fees related to the 2014 Seven-Year Term Loan and the amendments of the 2012 Five-Year Term Loan and the 2013 Five-Year Term Loan.
Borrowings under the Revolver and Term Loans bear interest at variable rates equal to the London InterBank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus an applicable margin. The margin ranges from
1.65%
to
3.00%
, depending on our leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of each facility. We incur an unused facility fee on the Revolver of between
0.25%
and
0.35%
, based on the amount by which the maximum borrowing amount exceeds the total principal balance of outstanding borrowings.
Under the terms of the credit agreement for the Revolver, one or more standby letters of credit, up to a maximum aggregate outstanding balance of $30.0 million, may be issued on our behalf by the lenders under the Revolver. We will incur a fee of 0.125% of the value of each standby letter of credit that is issued on its behalf. Any outstanding standby letters of credit reduce the available borrowings on the Revolver by a corresponding amount. No standby letters of credit were outstanding at
December 31, 2014
. We also may borrow up to a maximum aggregate outstanding balance of $40.0 million of swingline loans. Any outstanding swingline loans reduce the available borrowings on the credit facility by a corresponding amount. No swingline loans were outstanding at
December 31, 2014
.
As of
December 31, 2014
, and for the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, details of the credit facilities are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
Interest expense for the year ended December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2014
|
Interest Rate at December 31, 2014 (1)
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
|||||||||||||
|
Revolver (2)(3)
|
$
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
$
|
1,177
|
|
$
|
1,222
|
|
$
|
158
|
|
||||
|
2013 Five-Year Term Loan (4)
|
400,000
|
|
3.07%
|
12,264
|
|
3,850
|
|
—
|
|
||||||||
|
2012 Five-Year Term Loan (5)
|
400,000
|
|
2.37%
|
6,902
|
|
5,453
|
|
662
|
|
||||||||
|
2012 Seven-Year Term Loan (6)
|
225,000
|
|
4.04%
|
9,217
|
|
5,049
|
|
359
|
|
||||||||
|
2014 Seven-Year Term Loan (7)
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
||||||||
|
Prior Credit Facility (8)
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
2,345
|
|
||||||||
|
Total
|
$
|
1,025,000
|
|
$
|
29,560
|
|
$
|
15,574
|
|
$
|
3,524
|
|
|||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
Interest rate at
December 31, 2014
gives effect to interest rate hedges and LIBOR floors, as applicable.
|
|
(2)
|
At
December 31, 2014
, there was $300.0 million of borrowing capacity on the Revolver.
|
|
(3)
|
Includes the unused facility fee of
$1.0 million
,
$1.0 million
and
$0.1 million
for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
|
|
(4)
|
Includes interest expense related to an interest rate hedge of
$5.1 million
and
$1.6 million
for years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
|
|
(5)
|
Includes interest expense related to an interest rate hedge of
$0.2 million
for the year ended December 31, 2014.
|
|
(6)
|
Includes interest expense related to an interest rate hedge of
$4.2 million
and
$1.3 million
for years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
|
|
(7)
|
At
December 31, 2014
there was $150.0 million of borrowing capacity on the 2014 Seven-Year Term Loan.
|
|
(8)
|
We entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility (the "Prior Credit Facility") on June 20, 2011. On November 20, 2012, the Prior Credit Facility was amended and restated in its entirety with the Revolver and 2012 Five-Year Term Loan. Includes the unused facility fee of
$0.7 million
for the year ended December 31, 2012.
|
59
Our Outstanding Mortgage Indebtedness
As of
December 31, 2014
and
2013
, we were subject to the following mortgage loans (dollars in thousands):
|
|
Principal balance at,
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Lender
|
Number of Assets Encumbered
|
Interest Rate at December 31, 2014 (1)
|
|
Maturity Date
|
|
December 31, 2014
|
December 31, 2013
|
|||||||||||||
|
Capmark Financial Group
|
1
|
5.55%
|
|
May 2015
|
(2)
|
$
|
10,513
|
|
$
|
10,916
|
|
|||||||||
|
Capmark Financial Group
|
1
|
5.55%
|
|
June 2015
|
(2)
|
4,561
|
|
4,736
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Barclay's Bank
|
12
|
5.55%
|
|
June 2015
|
(2)
|
107,544
|
|
111,632
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Barclay's Bank
|
4
|
5.60%
|
|
June 2015
|
(2)
|
26,775
|
|
27,804
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Capmark Financial Group
|
1
|
5.50%
|
|
July 2015
|
(2)
|
6,214
|
|
6,450
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Barclay's Bank
|
1
|
5.44%
|
|
Sept 2015
|
(2)
|
10,140
|
|
10,521
|
|
|||||||||||
|
PNC Bank (3)
|
5
|
2.51%
|
(4)
|
May 2016
|
(5)
|
74,000
|
|
85,000
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Wells Fargo (6)
|
4
|
4.19%
|
(4)
|
Sept 2016
|
(7)
|
150,000
|
|
150,000
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Wells Fargo
|
4
|
4.06%
|
(4)
|
October 2017
|
(7)
|
143,000
|
|
—
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Wells Fargo
|
|
|
|
October 2014
|
|
—
|
|
142,000
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Capmark Financial Group
|
|
|
|
April 2015
|
|
—
|
|
4,068
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Barclay's Bank
|
|
|
June 2015
|
|
—
|
|
2,475
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Barclay's Bank
|
June 2015
|
|
—
|
|
4,063
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
532,747
|
|
$
|
559,665
|
|
|||||||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
Interest rate at
December 31, 2014
gives effect to interest rate hedges and LIBOR floors, as applicable.
|
|
(2)
|
We are currently evaluating our options for repayment of these mortgage loans.
|
|
(3)
|
The
five
hotels encumbered by the PNC Bank loan are cross-collateralized.
|
|
(4)
|
Requires payments of interest only until the commencement of the extension period(s).
|
|
(5)
|
Maturity date may be extended for
one
one
-year term at our option, subject to certain lender requirements.
|
|
(6)
|
Two of the four hotels encumbered by the Wells Fargo loans are cross-collateralized.
|
|
(7)
|
Maturity date may be extended for four
one
-year terms at our option, subject to certain lender requirements.
|
Sources and Uses of Cash
As of
December 31, 2014
, we had
$262.5 million
of cash and cash equivalents compared to
$332.2 million
at
December 31, 2013
.
Cash flows from Operating Activities
Net cash flow
provided by
operating activities totaled
$298.8 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
. Net income of
$136.5 million
included significant non-cash expenses, including
$144.3 million
of depreciation and amortization,
$15.1 million
of amortization of share-based compensation,
$9.2 million
of impairment loss,
$4.3 million
of amortization of deferred financing fees,
$1.0 million
of amortization of deferred management fees,
$0.8 million
loss on defeasance and
$0.1 million
of expense related to the grant of shares to our trustees, partially offset by a
$0.4 million
gain on sale of a property and
$0.2 million
of accretion of interest income on investment in loans. In addition, changes in operating assets and liabilities due to the timing of cash receipts and payments from our hotels resulted in net cash
outflow
of
$11.8 million
.
Net cash flow provided by operating activities totaled
$251.4 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
. Net income of
$114.2 million
included significant non-cash expenses, including
$127.4 million
of depreciation,
$13.1 million
of amortization of share-based compensation,
$4.5 million
of amortization of deferred financing costs,
$1.1 million
of amortization of deferred management fees and
$0.1 million
of expense related to the grant of shares to our trustees, partially offset by a
$5.7 million
gain on extinguishment of indebtedness, a
$4.9 million
gain on foreclosure, a
$2.1 million
gain on sale of a property and
$0.5 million
of accretion of interest income on investment in loans. In addition, changes in operating assets and liabilities due to the timing of cash receipts and payments from our hotels resulted in net cash
inflow
of
$4.1 million
.
60
Net cash flow
provided by
operating activities totaled
$176.1 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. Net income of
$41.3 million
included significant non-cash expenses, including
$126.8 million
of depreciation,
$8.6 million
of amortization of share-based compensation,
$5.5 million
of amortization of deferred financing costs,
$1.0 million
of amortization of deferred management fees,
$0.9 million
of impairment loss,
$0.6 million
loss on disposal and
$0.2 million
of expense related to the grant of shares to our trustees. In addition, changes in operating assets and liabilities due to the timing of cash receipts and payments from our hotels, which resulted in net cash
outflow
of
$8.8 million
.
Cash flows from Investing Activities
Net cash flow
used in
investing activities totaled
$611.2 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
primarily due to
$631.6 million
used for the purchase of
fifteen
hotels,
$92.3 million
in routine capital improvements and additions to hotels and other properties,
$26.5 million
related to three major redevelopment projects and the net
funding of
restricted cash reserves of
$0.6 million
. These were partially offset by
$7.2 million
of purchase deposits applied against property acquisitions and
$132.7 million
of proceeds resulting from the sale of
18
properties.
For three major redevelopment projects, including one project that was completed during 2014, we incurred
$26.5 million
of costs for the
year ended December 31, 2014
, and total costs of
$29.4 million
since the inception of the projects. We expect to incur additional costs of between
$20.0 million
and
$22.0 million
. The remaining two projects are expected to be completed in mid-2015.
Net cash flow
used in
investing activities totaled
$262.1 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
primarily due to
$208.2 million
used for the purchase of four hotels,
$0.2 million
paid for additions to property and equipment and
$61.1 million
in routine improvements and additions to hotels. These were partially offset by
$2.7 million
in purchase deposits applied against property acquisitions, the net
releases from
restricted cash reserves of
$2.4 million
in conjunction with the completion of renovation projects and
$2.4 million
of proceeds resulting from the sale of a property.
Net cash flow
used in
investing activities totaled
$363.8 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2012
primarily due to
$247.0 million
used for the purchase of four hotels,
$9.9 million
of purchase deposits paid, number paid for additions to property and equipment,
$114.1 million
in routine capital improvements and additions to hotels and
$15.1 million
for a major redevelopment project. These were partially offset by
$0.2 million
of principal payments on investment in loans and the net
release from
restricted cash reserves of
$22.5 million
in conjunction with the completion of renovation projects.
Cash flows from Financing Activities
Net cash flow
provided by
financing activities totaled
$242.6 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2014
primarily due to
$175.0 million
of aggregate proceeds from the unsecured term loans,
$232.7 million
from the issuance and sale of common shares of beneficial interest,
$143.0 million
in proceeds from mortgage loans and
$292.5 million
in borrowings on the Revolver. This was offset by
$170.7 million
of mortgage loan repayments,
$292.5 million
of repayments on the Revolver,
$126.0 million
in payment of distributions to shareholders and unitholders,
$4.1 million
paid for deferred financing fees, a
$1.2 million
distribution related to the joint venture noncontrolling interest and
$6.1 million
of shares acquired to satisfy the statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations of certain employees in connection with the vesting of restricted common shares of beneficial interest issued to such employees under our 2011 Plan.
Net cash flow
provided by
financing activities totaled
$227.1 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2013
primarily due to
$450.0 million
of aggregate proceeds from the unsecured term loans,
$327.5 million
from the issuance and sale of common shares of beneficial interest,
$150.0 million
in proceeds from mortgage loans and
$205.5 million
in borrowings on the Revolver. This was offset by
$577.4 million
of mortgage loan repayments,
$221.5 million
of repayments on the Revolver,
$98.1 million
in payments of distributions to shareholders and unitholders,
$5.0 million
paid for deferred financing fees and
$4.0 million
of shares acquired to satisfy the statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations of certain employees in connection with the vesting of restricted common shares of beneficial interest issued to such employees under our 2011 Plan.
Net cash flow
used in
financing activities totaled
$6.7 million
for the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily due to
$429.1 million
of mortgage loan repayments,
$85.0 million
repayment of the Prior Credit Facility,
$69.3 million
in payment of distributions to shareholders and unitholders,
$6.9 million
paid for deferred financing fees and
$2.3 million
of shares acquired to satisfy the statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations of certain employees in connection with the vesting of restricted common shares of beneficial interest issued to such employees under our 2011 Plan. This was offset by
$400.0 million
of aggregate proceeds from the Five-Year Term Loan and Seven-Year Term Loan,
$85.0 million
in borrowings on the Prior Credit Facility,
$85.0 million
in proceeds from mortgage loans and
$16.0 million
in borrowings on the Revolver.
61
Capital Expenditures and Reserve Funds
We maintain each of our properties in good repair and condition and in conformity with applicable laws and regulations, franchise agreements and management agreements. The cost of all such routine improvements and alterations are paid out of FF&E reserves, which are funded by a portion of each property’s gross revenues. Routine capital expenditures are administered by the property management companies. However, we have approval rights over the capital expenditures as part of the annual budget process for each of our properties.
From time to time, certain of our hotels may be undergoing renovations as a result of our decision to upgrade portions of the hotels, such as guestrooms, public space, meeting space, and/or restaurants, in order to better compete with other hotels in our markets. In addition, upon acquisition of a hotel we often are required to complete a property improvement plan in order to bring the hotel up to the respective franchisor’s standards. If permitted by the terms of the management agreement, funding for a renovation will first come from the FF&E reserves. To the extent that the FF&E reserves are not available or adequate to cover the cost of the renovation, we will fund all or the remaining portion of the renovation with cash and cash equivalents on hand, our Revolver and/or other sources of available liquidity.
With respect to some of our hotels that are operated under franchise agreements with major national hotel brands and for some of our hotels subject to first mortgage liens, we are obligated to maintain FF&E reserve accounts for future capital expenditures at these hotels. The amount funded into each of these reserve accounts is generally determined pursuant to the management agreements, franchise agreements and/or mortgage loan documents for each of the respective hotels, and typically ranges between 1.0% and 5.0% of the respective hotel’s total gross revenue. As of
December 31, 2014
, approximately
$58.7 million
was held in FF&E reserve accounts for future capital expenditures.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of
December 31, 2014
, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of
December 31, 2014
(in thousands):
|
Obligations and Commitments
|
2015
|
2016
|
2017
|
2018
|
2019
|
Thereafter
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Mortgage loans and interest (1)
|
$
|
184,297
|
|
$
|
235,292
|
|
$
|
147,836
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
567,425
|
|
||||||
|
Borrowings under credit facilities (2)
|
33,434
|
|
33,434
|
|
33,434
|
|
431,262
|
|
635,021
|
|
—
|
|
1,166,585
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
Ground rent
|
4,650
|
|
4,650
|
|
4,650
|
|
4,650
|
|
4,650
|
|
424,143
|
|
447,393
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
Operating lease obligations
|
801
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
801
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
$
|
223,182
|
|
$
|
273,376
|
|
$
|
185,920
|
|
$
|
435,912
|
|
$
|
639,671
|
|
$
|
424,143
|
|
$
|
2,182,204
|
|
|||||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
Amounts include principal and interest payments. Interest payments have been included in the long-term debt obligations based on the interest rate at
December 31, 2014
, considering the effect of interest rate swaps.
|
|
(2)
|
Amounts include principal and interest payments. Interest expense is calculated based on the variable rate as of
December 31, 2014
. It is assumed that the outstanding debt as of
December 31, 2014
will be repaid upon maturity with interest-only payments until then.
|
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts may differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions. We have provided a summary of our significant accounting policies in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this filing. We have set forth below those accounting policies that we believe require material subjective or complex judgments and have the most significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We evaluate our estimates, assumptions and judgments on an ongoing basis, based on information that is then available to us, our experience and various matters that we believe are reasonable and appropriate for consideration under the circumstances.
62
Investment in Hotels and Other Properties
Our acquisitions generally consist of land, land improvements, buildings, building improvements, FF&E and inventory. We may also acquire intangibles related to in-place leases, management agreements and franchise agreements when properties are acquired. We allocate the purchase price among the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. Transaction costs are expensed for acquisitions that are considered business combinations and capitalized for asset acquisitions.
Our investments in hotels and other properties are carried at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 15 years for land improvements, 15 years for building improvements, 40 years for buildings and three to five years for FF&E. Intangibles arising from acquisitions are amortized using the straight-line method over the non-cancelable portion of the term of the agreement. Maintenance and repairs are expensed and major renewals or improvements are capitalized. Interest used to finance real estate under development is capitalized as an additional cost of development. Upon the sale or disposition of a property, the asset and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the related gain or loss is included in gain or loss on disposal of hotel properties. Gain or loss from dispositions representing a strategic shift that had or will have a major effect on operations and final results will be presented as discontinued operations.
In accordance with the guidance on impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, we do not consider "held for sale" classification until it is probable that the sale will be completed within one year and the other requisite criteria for such classification have been met. We do not depreciate properties so long as they are classified as held for sale. Upon designation as held for sale and quarterly thereafter, we review the realizability of the carrying value, less cost to sell, in accordance with the guidance. Any such adjustment in the carrying value is reflected as an impairment charge.
We assess carrying value whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of properties. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third party appraisals, where considered necessary.
The use of projected future cash flows is based on assumptions that are consistent with a market participant’s future expectations for the travel industry and economy in general and our plans to manage the underlying properties. The assumptions and estimates about future cash flows and capitalization rates are complex and subjective. Changes in economic and operating conditions that occur subsequent to a current impairment analysis and our ultimate use of the property could impact these assumptions and result in future impairment charges of the properties.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenue comprises hotel operating revenue, such as room revenue, food and beverage revenue and revenue from other hotel operating departments (such as telephone, parking and other guest services). These revenues are recorded net of any sales and occupancy taxes collected from guests. All rebates or discounts are recorded as a reduction to revenue, and there are no material contingent obligations with respect to rebates and discounts offered by the hotels. All revenues are recorded on an accrual basis as earned. Appropriate allowances are made for doubtful accounts and are recorded as bad debt expense. The allowances are calculated as a percentage of aged accounts receivable, based on individual hotel management company policy. Cash received prior to guest arrival is recorded as an advance from the guest and recognized as revenue at the time of occupancy.
Income Taxes
We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2011. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we currently distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital gain. Our current intention is to adhere to these requirements and maintain the qualification for taxation as a REIT. As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal corporate income tax on that portion of net income that is currently distributed. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent taxable years. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes on our income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on undistributed taxable income.
63
Taxable income from non-REIT activities managed through taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to federal, state and local income taxes. As a wholly-owned subsidiary of the operating partnership, the taxable REIT subsidiary is required to pay income taxes at the applicable rates. Our consolidated income tax provision or benefit includes the income tax provision or benefit related to the operations of the taxable REIT subsidiary as well as state income taxes incurred.
Where required, deferred income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting bases of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases and for operating loss, capital loss and tax credit carryforwards based on enacted income tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that is more likely than not they will be realized based on consideration of available evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future projected taxable income and tax planning strategies.
We perform an annual review for any uncertain tax positions and, if necessary, will record expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. At
December 31, 2014
and
2013
, we did not identify any uncertain tax positions.
Share-Based Compensation
From time to time, we may issue share-based awards under the 2011 Plan as compensation to officers, employees and non-employee trustees. The vesting of awards issued to officers and employees is based on either continued employment (time-based) or based on the relative total shareholder returns of the Company and continued employment (performance-based), as determined by the board of trustees at the date of grant. For time-based awards, we recognize compensation expense for non-vested shares on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based upon the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant, adjusted for forfeitures. For performance-based awards, we recognize compensation expense over the requisite service period for each award, based on the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant, as determined using a Monte Carlo simulation, adjusted for forfeitures.
Inflation
We rely entirely on the performance of the properties and their ability to increase revenues to keep pace with inflation. Increases in the costs of operating our hotels due to inflation would adversely affect the operating performance of our TRSs, which in turn, could inhibit the ability of our TRSs to make required rent payments to us. Hotel management companies, in general, possess the ability to adjust room rates daily to reflect the effects of inflation. However, competitive pressures may limit the ability of our hotel management companies to raise room rates.
Seasonality
Depending on a hotel’s location and market, operations for the hotel may be seasonal in nature. This seasonality can be expected to cause fluctuations in our quarterly operating performance. Demand is generally lower in the winter months for hotels located in non-resort markets due to decreased travel and higher in the spring and summer months during the peak travel season. Accordingly, we expect that we will have lower revenue, operating income and cash flow in the first and fourth quarters and higher revenue, operating income and cash flow in the second and third quarters.
Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, equity prices and other market changes that affect market sensitive instruments. Our primary market risk exposure is to changes in interest rates on our variable rate debt. As of
December 31, 2014
, we had approximately
$1.4 billion
of total variable debt outstanding (or
89.4%
of total indebtedness) with a weighted average interest rate of
3.22%
per annum. After taking into consideration the effect of interest rate swaps,
$249.0 million
(or
16.0%
of total indebtedness) was subject to variable rates. If market rates of interest on our variable rate debt outstanding as of
December 31, 2014
were to increase by 1.00%, or 100 basis points, interest expense would decrease future earnings and cash flows by approximately
$2.5 million
annually, taking into account our existing contractual hedging arrangements.
Our interest rate risk objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate fluctuations on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we manage our exposure to fluctuations in market interest rates through the use of fixed rate debt instruments to the extent that reasonably favorable rates are obtainable. We have entered into derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps to mitigate our interest rate risk or to effectively lock the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt. We do not enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes.
64
The following table provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For debt obligations outstanding as of
December 31, 2014
, the following table presents principal repayments and related weighted average interest rates by contractual maturity dates (in thousands):
|
|
2015
|
2016
|
2017
|
2018
|
2019
|
Thereafter
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fixed rate debt
|
$
|
165,747
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
165,747
|
|
||||||
|
Weighted average interest rate
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
5.55
|
%
|
|||||||||||||
|
Variable rate debt
|
—
|
|
224,000
|
|
143,000
|
|
400,000
|
|
625,000
|
|
—
|
|
1,392,000
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
Weighted average interest rate (1)
|
—
|
|
3.63
|
%
|
4.06
|
%
|
3.07
|
%
|
2.97
|
%
|
—
|
|
3.22
|
%
|
|||||||||||||
|
Total
|
$
|
165,747
|
|
$
|
224,000
|
|
$
|
143,000
|
|
$
|
400,000
|
|
$
|
625,000
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
1,557,747
|
|
||||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
The weighted average interest rate gives effect to interest rate swaps and LIBOR floors, as applicable.
|
The foregoing table reflects indebtedness outstanding as of
December 31, 2014
and does not consider indebtedness, if any, incurred or repaid after that date. Our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on the exposures that arise during future periods, prevailing interest rates, and our hedging strategies at that time.
Changes in market interest rates on our fixed rate debt impact the fair value of the debt, but such changes have no impact on our consolidated financial statements. As of
December 31, 2014
, the estimated fair value of our fixed rate debt was
$171.1 million
, which is based on having the same debt service requirements that could have been borrowed at the date presented, at prevailing current market interest rates. If interest rates were to rise by 1.00%, or 100 basis points, and our fixed rate debt balance remains constant, we expect the fair value of our debt to decrease by approximately
$1.7 million
.
See Index to the Financial Statements on page F-1.
None.
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company's management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act), as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of
December 31, 2014
, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports filed or submitted with the Securities and Exchange Commission (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act). The Company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluations of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
65
The Company's management assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2014
. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in
Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013)
. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that, as of
December 31, 2014
, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2014
has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears on page F-2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended
December 31, 2014
that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B.
Other information.
None.
66
The information called for by this Item is contained in our definitive Proxy Statement for our
2015
Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information called for by this Item is contained in our definitive Proxy Statement for our
2015
Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information called for by this Item is contained in our definitive Proxy Statement for our
2015
Annual Meeting of Shareholders, or in Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2014
, and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information called for by this Item is contained in our definitive Proxy Statement for our
2015
Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information called for by this Item is contained in our definitive Proxy Statement for our
2015
Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.
The following is a list of documents filed as a part of this report:
(1) Financial Statements
Included herein at pages F-1 through F-33.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
The following financial statement schedule is included herein at pages F-34 through F-41:
Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation for RLJ Lodging Trust
All other schedules for which provision is made in Regulation S-X are either not required to be included herein under the related instructions, are inapplicable or the related information is included in the footnotes to the applicable financial statement and, therefore, have been omitted.
(3) Exhibits
The exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in the Exhibit Index on pages 70 to 72 of this report, which is incorporated by reference herein.
67
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on
February 26, 2015
.
|
|
RLJ LODGING TRUST
|
||
|
|
By:
|
/s/ THOMAS J. BALTIMORE, JR.
|
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr.
President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee |
|||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
Signature
|
Title
|
Date
|
||
|
/s/ ROBERT L. JOHNSON
|
Executive Chairman and Trustee
|
February 26, 2015
|
||
|
Robert L. Johnson
|
||||
|
/s/ THOMAS J. BALTIMORE, JR.
|
President, Chief Executive Officer and
Trustee (principal executive officer)
|
February 26, 2015
|
||
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr.
|
||||
|
/s/ LESLIE D. HALE
|
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial officer)
|
February 26, 2015
|
||
|
Leslie D. Hale
|
||||
|
/s/ CHRISTOPHER A. GORMSEN
|
Chief Accounting Officer
(principal accounting officer)
|
February 26, 2015
|
||
|
Christopher A. Gormsen
|
||||
|
/s/ EVAN BAYH
|
Trustee
|
February 26, 2015
|
||
|
Evan Bayh
|
||||
|
/s/ NATHANIEL A. DAVIS
|
Trustee
|
February 26, 2015
|
||
|
Nathaniel A. Davis
|
||||
|
/s/ ROBERT M. LA FORGIA
|
Trustee
|
February 26, 2015
|
||
|
Robert M. La Forgia
|
||||
|
/s/ GLENDA G. MCNEAL
|
Trustee
|
February 26, 2015
|
||
|
Glenda G. McNeal
|
||||
|
/s/ JOSEPH RYAN
|
Trustee
|
February 26, 2015
|
||
|
Joseph Ryan
|
||||
68
Exhibit Index
|
Exhibit
Number
|
Description of Exhibit
|
||
|
2.1
|
Merger Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2011, by and among RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P., RLJ Lodging Fund II (PF #1), L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust and RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on March 15, 2011)
|
||
|
2.2
|
Merger Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2011, by and among RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P., RLJ Real Estate Fund III (PF #1), L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust and RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on March 15, 2011)
|
||
|
2.3
|
Contribution Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2011, by and between RLJ Lodging Trust and RLJ Development, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on March 15, 2011)
|
||
|
2.4
|
First Amendment to Contribution Agreement, dated as of April 25, 2011, by and between RLJ Lodging Trust and RLJ Development, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on April 29, 2011)
|
||
|
2.5
|
Real Estate Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2014, by and among the Sellers listed on Schedule I attached thereto and RLJ Lodging Acquisitions, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 10, 2014)
|
||
|
3.1
|
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Declaration of Trust of RLJ Lodging Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed on May 5, 2011)
|
||
|
3.2
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of RLJ Lodging Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed on May 5, 2011)
|
||
|
4.1
|
Form of Specimen Common Share Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on April 29, 2011)
|
||
|
4.2
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, by and among RLJ Lodging Trust and the persons listed on Schedule I thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
4.3
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, by and among RLJ Lodging Trust and the persons listed on Schedule I thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
10.1
|
Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated May 13, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
10.2
|
Indemnification Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, between RLJ Lodging Trust and Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
10.3
|
Indemnification Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, between RLJ Lodging Trust and Evan Bayh (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
10.4
|
Indemnification Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, between RLJ Lodging Trust and Ross H. Bierkan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
10.5
|
Indemnification Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, between RLJ Lodging Trust and Nathaniel Davis (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
10.6
|
Indemnification Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, between RLJ Lodging Trust and Leslie D. Hale (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
10.7
|
Indemnification Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, between RLJ Lodging Trust and Robert L. Johnson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
10.8
|
Indemnification Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, between RLJ Lodging Trust and Robert M. La Forgia (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
10.9
|
Indemnification Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, between RLJ Lodging Trust and Glenda McNeal (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
|
10.10
|
Indemnification Agreement, dated May 16, 2011, between RLJ Lodging Trust and Joseph Ryan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011)
|
||
69
|
10.11
|
RLJ Lodging Trust 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on May 5, 2011)
|
||
|
10.12
|
Form of Restricted Share Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on May 5, 2011)
|
||
|
10.13
|
Form of Restricted Share Agreement for Trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on May 5, 2011)
|
||
|
10.14
|
Form of Non-Qualified Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on April 13, 2011)
|
||
|
10.15
|
Form of Share Units Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on April 13, 2011)
|
||
|
10.16
|
Employment Agreement dated as of April 27, 2011 by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P. and Robert L. Johnson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on May 5, 2011)
|
||
|
10.17
|
Employment Agreement dated as of April 27, 2011 by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P. and Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on May 5, 2011)
|
||
|
10.18
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of August 2, 2013 by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P. and Leslie D. Hale (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2013)
|
||
|
10.19
|
Employment Agreement dated as of April 27, 2011 by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P. and Ross H. Bierkan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on May 5, 2011)
|
||
|
10.20
|
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 20, 2012, by and among the Operating Partnership, the Company, Wells Fargo Bank National Association, as Administrative Agent, Bank of America, N.A., as Syndication Agent, PNC Bank, National Association, as Documentation Agent, Compass Bank, an Alabama corporation, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., and U.S. Bank National Association, as Senior Managing Agents, Royal Bank of Canada and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, as Managing Agents, Wells Fargo Securities LLC and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 27, 2012)
|
||
|
10.21
|
Amended and Restated Guaranty, dated as of November 20, 2012, by the Company and certain subsidiaries of the Company party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 27, 2012)
|
||
|
10.22
|
Form of WLS Management Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A (File. No. 333-172011) filed on April 13, 2011)
|
||
|
10.23
|
Term Loan Agreement, dated as of November 20, 2012, by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, PNC Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent, Capital One, N.A., as Documentation Agent, Raymond James, as Managing Agent, Wells Fargo Securities LLC and PNC Capital Markets LLC, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2013)
|
||
|
10.24
|
First Amendment to Term Loan Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2013, by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, PNC Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2013)
|
||
|
10.25
|
Additional Lender Supplement, dated as of August 27, 2013, by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2013)
|
||
|
10.26
|
Guaranty, dated as of November 20, 2012, by RLJ Lodging Trust and certain subsidiaries of RLJ Lodging Trust party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2013)
|
||
|
10.27
|
Term Loan Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2013, by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, PNC Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent, Bank of America, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, Compass Bank, an Alabama Banking Corporation, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Documentation Agents, and Wells Fargo Securities LLC and PNC Capital Markets LLC, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2013)
|
||
70
|
10.28
|
Guaranty, dated as of August 27, 2013, by RLJ Lodging Trust and certain subsidiaries of RLJ Lodging Trust party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2013)
|
||
|
10.29
|
First Amendment to Term Loan Agreement, dated as of March 20, 2014, by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, PNC Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2014)
|
||
|
10.30
|
Additional Term Loan Lender Supplement, dated as of March 20, 2014, by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2014)
|
||
|
10.31
|
Additional Lender Supplement, dated as of March 20, 2014, by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2014)
|
||
|
21.1*
|
List of subsidiaries of RLJ Lodging Trust
|
||
|
23.1*
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
|
||
|
31.1*
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
||
|
31.2*
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
||
|
32.1*
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
||
|
101.INS
|
XBRL Instance Document
|
Submitted electronically with this report
|
|
|
101.SCH
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
|
Submitted electronically with this report
|
|
|
101.CAL
|
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
|
Submitted electronically with this report
|
|
|
101.DEF
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
|
Submitted electronically with this report
|
|
|
101.LAB
|
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
|
Submitted electronically with this report
|
|
|
101.PRE
|
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
|
Submitted electronically with this report
|
|
_______________________________________________________________________________
*Filed herewith
71
Item 8.
Financial Statements.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
RLJ Lodging Trust:
|
|
|
Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Trustees and Shareholders
RLJ Lodging Trust:
In our opinion, the consolidated
financial statements listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of RLJ Lodging Trust and its subsidiaries
(
the “Company”) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014
in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index
presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in
Internal Control - Integrated Framework
(2013)
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for discontinued operations in 2014 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-08,
Reporting Discounted Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity
.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
McLean, Virginia
February 26, 2015
F-2
RLJ Lodging Trust
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
December 31,
|
|||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
||||||
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Investment in hotel and other properties, net
|
$
|
3,518,803
|
|
$
|
3,241,163
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
262,458
|
|
332,248
|
|
|||
|
Restricted cash reserves
|
63,054
|
|
62,430
|
|
|||
|
Hotel and other receivables, net of allowance of $166 and $234, respectively
|
25,691
|
|
22,762
|
|
|||
|
Deferred financing costs, net
|
11,421
|
|
11,599
|
|
|||
|
Deferred income tax asset
|
7,502
|
|
2,529
|
|
|||
|
Purchase deposits
|
—
|
|
7,246
|
|
|||
|
Prepaid expense and other assets
|
42,115
|
|
37,997
|
|
|||
|
Assets of hotel properties held for sale
|
197,335
|
|
—
|
|
|||
|
Total assets
|
$
|
4,128,379
|
|
$
|
3,717,974
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Mortgage loans
|
$
|
532,747
|
|
$
|
559,665
|
|
|
|
Term loans
|
1,025,000
|
|
850,000
|
|
|||
|
Accounts payable and other liabilities
|
129,388
|
|
115,011
|
|
|||
|
Deferred income tax liability
|
7,879
|
|
3,548
|
|
|||
|
Advance deposits and deferred revenue
|
9,984
|
|
9,851
|
|
|||
|
Accrued interest
|
2,783
|
|
2,695
|
|
|||
|
Distributions payable
|
42,114
|
|
30,870
|
|
|||
|
Total liabilities
|
1,749,895
|
|
1,571,640
|
|
|||
|
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Shareholders’ equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Preferred shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||
|
Common shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value, 450,000,000 shares authorized; 131,964,706 and 122,640,042 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
|
1,319
|
|
1,226
|
|
|||
|
Additional paid-in-capital
|
2,419,731
|
|
2,178,004
|
|
|||
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
|
(13,644
|
)
|
(5,941
|
)
|
|||
|
Distributions in excess of net earnings
|
(46,415
|
)
|
(45,522
|
)
|
|||
|
Total shareholders’ equity
|
2,360,991
|
|
2,127,767
|
|
|||
|
Noncontrolling interest:
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Noncontrolling interest in joint venture
|
6,295
|
|
7,306
|
|
|||
|
Noncontrolling interest in Operating Partnership
|
11,198
|
|
11,261
|
|
|||
|
Total noncontrolling interest
|
17,493
|
|
18,567
|
|
|||
|
Total equity
|
2,378,484
|
|
2,146,334
|
|
|||
|
Total liabilities and equity
|
$
|
4,128,379
|
|
$
|
3,717,974
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
RLJ Lodging Trust
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
||||||||
|
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Operating revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Room revenue
|
$
|
969,402
|
|
$
|
844,741
|
|
$
|
738,207
|
|
||
|
Food and beverage revenue
|
107,538
|
|
97,083
|
|
87,549
|
|
|||||
|
Other operating department revenue
|
32,257
|
|
28,556
|
|
23,929
|
|
|||||
|
Total revenue
|
$
|
1,109,197
|
|
$
|
970,380
|
|
$
|
849,685
|
|
||
|
Expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Operating expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Room expense
|
$
|
213,071
|
|
$
|
186,667
|
|
$
|
162,039
|
|
||
|
Food and beverage expense
|
75,468
|
|
67,945
|
|
60,427
|
|
|||||
|
Management fee expense
|
43,230
|
|
34,956
|
|
29,906
|
|
|||||
|
Other operating expense
|
314,576
|
|
285,539
|
|
256,565
|
|
|||||
|
Total property operating expense
|
646,345
|
|
575,107
|
|
508,937
|
|
|||||
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
144,294
|
|
127,231
|
|
126,340
|
|
|||||
|
Impairment loss
|
9,200
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Property tax, insurance and other
|
71,443
|
|
63,627
|
|
52,745
|
|
|||||
|
General and administrative
|
41,671
|
|
35,466
|
|
31,086
|
|
|||||
|
Transaction and pursuit costs
|
4,850
|
|
4,410
|
|
3,520
|
|
|||||
|
Total operating expense
|
917,803
|
|
805,841
|
|
722,628
|
|
|||||
|
Operating income
|
191,394
|
|
164,539
|
|
127,057
|
|
|||||
|
Other income
|
807
|
|
903
|
|
433
|
|
|||||
|
Interest income
|
1,881
|
|
1,665
|
|
1,664
|
|
|||||
|
Interest expense
|
(56,810
|
)
|
(64,348
|
)
|
(83,689
|
)
|
|||||
|
Loss on disposal
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(634
|
)
|
|||||
|
Gain on foreclosure
|
—
|
|
4,863
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense
|
137,272
|
|
107,622
|
|
44,831
|
|
|||||
|
Income tax expense
|
(1,145
|
)
|
(879
|
)
|
(1,369
|
)
|
|||||
|
Income from continuing operations
|
136,127
|
|
106,743
|
|
43,462
|
|
|||||
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
|
—
|
|
7,436
|
|
(2,143
|
)
|
|||||
|
Gain on disposal of hotel properties
|
353
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Net income
|
136,480
|
|
114,179
|
|
41,319
|
|
|||||
|
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint venture
|
(171
|
)
|
(540
|
)
|
404
|
|
|||||
|
Noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership
|
(868
|
)
|
(718
|
)
|
(425
|
)
|
|||||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
135,441
|
|
$
|
112,921
|
|
$
|
41,298
|
|
||
|
Basic per common share data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders before discontinued operations
|
$
|
1.06
|
|
$
|
0.89
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
||
|
Discontinued operations
|
—
|
|
0.06
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|||||
|
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
1.06
|
|
$
|
0.95
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
||
|
Weighted-average number of common shares
|
127,360,669
|
|
117,950,066
|
|
105,423,604
|
|
|||||
F-4
|
Diluted per common share data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders before discontinued operations
|
$
|
1.05
|
|
$
|
0.88
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
||
|
Discontinued operations
|
—
|
|
0.06
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|||||
|
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
1.05
|
|
$
|
0.94
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
||
|
Weighted-average number of common shares
|
128,293,843
|
|
118,738,626
|
|
105,748,686
|
|
|||||
|
Amounts attributable to the Company’s common shareholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Income from continuing operations
|
$
|
135,090
|
|
$
|
105,539
|
|
$
|
43,423
|
|
||
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
|
—
|
|
7,382
|
|
(2,125
|
)
|
|||||
|
Gain on disposal of hotel properties
|
351
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
135,441
|
|
$
|
112,921
|
|
$
|
41,298
|
|
||
|
Comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Net income
|
$
|
136,480
|
|
$
|
114,179
|
|
$
|
41,319
|
|
||
|
Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate derivatives
|
(7,703
|
)
|
(5,941
|
)
|
1,782
|
|
|||||
|
Comprehensive income
|
128,777
|
|
108,238
|
|
43,101
|
|
|||||
|
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint venture
|
(171
|
)
|
(540
|
)
|
404
|
|
|||||
|
Comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership
|
(868
|
)
|
(718
|
)
|
(425
|
)
|
|||||
|
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company
|
$
|
127,738
|
|
$
|
106,980
|
|
$
|
43,080
|
|
||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
RLJ Lodging Trust
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
|
|
Shareholders’ Equity
|
Noncontrolling Interests
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Shares
|
Par Value
|
Additional Paid-in Capital
|
Distributions in excess of
net earnings |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
|
Operating
Partnership |
Consolidated
Joint Venture |
Total Non-controlling
Interests |
Total Equity
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at December 31, 2011
|
106,279,049
|
|
$
|
1,063
|
|
$
|
1,835,011
|
|
$
|
(18,960
|
)
|
$
|
(1,782
|
)
|
$
|
11,486
|
|
$
|
7,170
|
|
$
|
18,656
|
|
$
|
1,833,988
|
|
||||||||
|
Net income (loss)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
41,298
|
|
—
|
|
425
|
|
(404
|
)
|
21
|
|
41,319
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Unrealized gain on interest rate derivatives
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
1,782
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
1,782
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of restricted stock
|
436,646
|
|
4
|
|
(4
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Amortization of share based compensation
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
8,626
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
8,626
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Share grants to trustees
|
8,530
|
|
—
|
|
160
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
160
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Shares acquired to satisfy statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations on vesting restricted stock
|
(131,831
|
)
|
(1
|
)
|
(2,344
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(2,345
|
)
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Forfeiture of restricted stock
|
(26,878
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Distributions on common shares and units
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(75,019
|
)
|
—
|
|
(600
|
)
|
—
|
|
(600
|
)
|
(75,619
|
)
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at December 31, 2012
|
106,565,516
|
|
$
|
1,066
|
|
$
|
1,841,449
|
|
$
|
(52,681
|
)
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
11,311
|
|
$
|
6,766
|
|
$
|
18,077
|
|
$
|
1,807,911
|
|
||||||||
|
Net income
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
112,921
|
|
—
|
|
718
|
|
540
|
|
1,258
|
|
114,179
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Unrealized loss on interest rate derivatives
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(5,941
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(5,941
|
)
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net
|
15,870,000
|
|
159
|
|
327,388
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
327,547
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of restricted stock
|
377,830
|
|
3
|
|
(3
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Amortization of share based compensation
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
13,078
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
13,078
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Share grants to trustees
|
5,357
|
|
—
|
|
124
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
124
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Shares acquired to satisfy statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations on vesting restricted stock
|
(173,409
|
)
|
(2
|
)
|
(4,032
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(4,034
|
)
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Forfeiture of restricted stock
|
(5,252
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Distributions on common shares and units
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(105,762
|
)
|
—
|
|
(768
|
)
|
—
|
|
(768
|
)
|
(106,530
|
)
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at December 31, 2013
|
122,640,042
|
|
$
|
1,226
|
|
$
|
2,178,004
|
|
$
|
(45,522
|
)
|
$
|
(5,941
|
)
|
$
|
11,261
|
|
$
|
7,306
|
|
$
|
18,567
|
|
$
|
2,146,334
|
|
||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
RLJ Lodging Trust
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
|
|
Shareholders’ Equity
|
Noncontrolling Interests
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Shares
|
Par Value
|
Additional Paid-in Capital
|
Distributions in excess of
net earnings |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Loss |
Operating
Partnership |
Consolidated
Joint Venture |
Total Non-controlling
Interests |
Total Equity
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at December 31, 2013
|
122,640,042
|
|
$
|
1,226
|
|
$
|
2,178,004
|
|
$
|
(45,522
|
)
|
$
|
(5,941
|
)
|
$
|
11,261
|
|
$
|
7,306
|
|
$
|
18,567
|
|
$
|
2,146,334
|
|
||||||||
|
Net income
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
135,441
|
|
—
|
|
868
|
|
171
|
|
1,039
|
|
136,480
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Unrealized loss on interest rate derivatives
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(7,703
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(7,703
|
)
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net
|
9,200,000
|
|
92
|
|
232,620
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
232,712
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of restricted stock
|
343,887
|
|
3
|
|
(3
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Amortization of share based compensation
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
15,088
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
15,088
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Share grants to trustees
|
4,347
|
|
—
|
|
127
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
127
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Shares acquired to satisfy statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations on vesting restricted stock
|
(211,983
|
)
|
(2
|
)
|
(6,105
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(6,107
|
)
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Forfeiture of restricted stock
|
(11,587
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Distribution to joint venture partner
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(1,182
|
)
|
(1,182
|
)
|
(1,182
|
)
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Distributions on common shares and units
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
(136,334
|
)
|
—
|
|
(931
|
)
|
—
|
|
(931
|
)
|
(137,265
|
)
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at December 31, 2014
|
131,964,706
|
|
$
|
1,319
|
|
$
|
2,419,731
|
|
$
|
(46,415
|
)
|
$
|
(13,644
|
)
|
$
|
11,198
|
|
$
|
6,295
|
|
$
|
17,493
|
|
$
|
2,378,484
|
|
||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
RLJ Lodging Trust
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
||||||||
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net income
|
$
|
136,480
|
|
$
|
114,179
|
|
$
|
41,319
|
|
||
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flow provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Gain on extinguishment of indebtedness
|
—
|
|
(5,708
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Loss on defeasance
|
804
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Gain on sale of property
|
(353
|
)
|
(2,081
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Gain on foreclosure
|
—
|
|
(4,863
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
144,294
|
|
127,430
|
|
126,798
|
|
|||||
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs
|
4,298
|
|
4,484
|
|
5,452
|
|
|||||
|
Amortization of deferred management fees
|
954
|
|
1,128
|
|
1,000
|
|
|||||
|
Accretion of interest income on investment in loans
|
(248
|
)
|
(513
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Impairment loss
|
9,200
|
|
—
|
|
896
|
|
|||||
|
Loss on disposal
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
634
|
|
|||||
|
Share grants to trustees
|
127
|
|
124
|
|
160
|
|
|||||
|
Amortization of share based compensation
|
15,088
|
|
13,078
|
|
8,626
|
|
|||||
|
Deferred income taxes
|
(642
|
)
|
(839
|
)
|
(87
|
)
|
|||||
|
Changes in assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Hotel and other receivables, net
|
(2,122
|
)
|
716
|
|
(2,493
|
)
|
|||||
|
Prepaid expense and other assets
|
(3,513
|
)
|
2,924
|
|
(5,851
|
)
|
|||||
|
Accounts payable and other liabilities
|
(5,096
|
)
|
(114
|
)
|
(3,992
|
)
|
|||||
|
Advance deposits and deferred revenue
|
(526
|
)
|
1,030
|
|
3,503
|
|
|||||
|
Accrued interest
|
88
|
|
411
|
|
169
|
|
|||||
|
Net cash flow provided by operating activities
|
298,833
|
|
251,386
|
|
176,134
|
|
|||||
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Acquisition of hotel and other properties, net of cash acquired
|
(631,640
|
)
|
(208,195
|
)
|
(247,049
|
)
|
|||||
|
Purchase deposits, net
|
7,246
|
|
2,664
|
|
(9,910
|
)
|
|||||
|
Proceeds from principal payments on investment in loans
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
207
|
|
|||||
|
Improvements and additions to hotel and other properties
|
(118,787
|
)
|
(61,077
|
)
|
(129,235
|
)
|
|||||
|
Additions to property and equipment
|
(47
|
)
|
(185
|
)
|
(342
|
)
|
|||||
|
Proceeds from sale of property
|
132,669
|
|
2,369
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Releases from restricted cash reserves, net
|
(624
|
)
|
2,357
|
|
22,501
|
|
|||||
|
Net cash flow used in investing activities
|
(611,183
|
)
|
(262,067
|
)
|
(363,828
|
)
|
|||||
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
|
292,500
|
|
205,500
|
|
101,000
|
|
|||||
|
Repayments under revolving credit facility
|
(292,500
|
)
|
(221,500
|
)
|
(85,000
|
)
|
|||||
|
Borrowings on term loans
|
175,000
|
|
450,000
|
|
400,000
|
|
|||||
|
Proceeds from mortgage loans
|
143,000
|
|
150,000
|
|
85,000
|
|
|||||
|
Payment of mortgage principal
|
(170,722
|
)
|
(577,441
|
)
|
(429,084
|
)
|
|||||
|
Repurchase of common shares
|
(6,107
|
)
|
(4,034
|
)
|
(2,345
|
)
|
|||||
|
Distributions on common shares
|
(125,143
|
)
|
(97,316
|
)
|
(68,752
|
)
|
|||||
|
Distributions on Operating Partnership units
|
(878
|
)
|
(736
|
)
|
(551
|
)
|
|||||
|
Payment of deferred financing costs
|
(4,120
|
)
|
(4,952
|
)
|
(6,944
|
)
|
|||||
|
Distribution to joint venture partner
|
(1,182
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Proceeds from issuance of common shares
|
232,712
|
|
327,547
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Net cash flow provided by (used in) financing activities
|
242,560
|
|
227,068
|
|
(6,676
|
)
|
|||||
|
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
|
(69,790
|
)
|
216,387
|
|
(194,370
|
)
|
|||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
|
332,248
|
|
115,861
|
|
310,231
|
|
|||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
|
$
|
262,458
|
|
$
|
332,248
|
|
$
|
115,861
|
|
||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
RLJ Lodging Trust
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
1.
Organization
RLJ Lodging Trust (the "Company") was formed as a Maryland real estate investment trust ("REIT") on January 31, 2011. The Company is a self-advised and self-administered REIT that acquires primarily premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels.
Substantially all of the Company’s assets are held by, and all of its operations are conducted through RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P. (the "Operating Partnership"). The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As of
December 31, 2014
, there were
132,858,706
units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“OP units”) outstanding and the Company owned, through a combination of direct and indirect interests,
99.3%
of the outstanding OP units. The Company qualified and elected to be taxed as a REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the portion of its taxable year ending December 31, 2011.
As of
December 31, 2014
, the Company owned
146
properties, comprised of
144
hotels with approximately
22,900
rooms and
two
planned hotel conversions, located in
21
states and the District of Columbia and an interest in
one
mortgage loan secured by a hotel. The Company, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, owned a
100%
interest in all of its properties, with the exception of the DoubleTree Metropolitan Hotel New York City, in which the Company, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, owned a
98.1%
controlling interest in a joint venture, DBT Met Hotel Venture, LP, which was formed to engage in hotel operations related to this hotel. An independent operator manages each property.
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP").
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including joint ventures. All intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities and the amounts of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reporting Periods
As of
December 31, 2014
, the Company owned
five
hotels that were managed by affiliates of Marriott International (“Marriott”). Beginning January 1, 2013, the Company’s hotels managed by Marriott were accounted for on a calendar year basis. Prior to January 1, 2013, the Company’s hotels managed by Marriott were accounted for on a fiscal year comprised of
52
or
53
weeks ending on the Friday closest to December 31. The Company’s results for the years ended December 31, 2012 include the results of operations for the Company’s Marriott-managed hotels for the
52
-week period ended December 28, 2012.
Risks and Uncertainties
During the last economic recession, the Company experienced reduced demand for its hotel rooms and services. While uncertainty over the expected economic growth may impact the lodging industry and the Company's financial results and growth, the Company remains cautiously optimistic that its future financial results and growth will benefit from current economic conditions and favorable lodging fundamentals.
At
December 31, 2014
, the Company owned hotels located in the New York, New York, Chicago, Illinois, Austin, Texas, Denver-Boulder, Colorado, Houston, Texas, and the Baltimore, Maryland-Washington, D.C. metropolitan areas that accounted for
13.7%
,
10.0%
and
8.3%
,
7.3%
,
5.7%
, and
5.2%
, respectively, of our total revenue. As a result, the Company is susceptible to adverse market conditions in these areas, including industry downturns, relocation of businesses and any oversupply of hotel rooms or a reduction in lodging demand.
F-9
At
December 31, 2014
, the Company owned
93
,
31
and
15
hotels that operate under Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt brands, respectively. As a result, the Company is subject to the potential risks associated with the concentration of its hotels under a limited number of brands. A negative public image or other adverse event that becomes associated with either of these brands could adversely affect hotels operated under the respective brand. If any of these brands suffers a significant decline in appeal to the traveling public, the revenues and profitability of the Company's branded hotels could be adversely affected.
The Company owns
93
hotels that are managed by White Lodging Services Corporation ("WLS"). As a result, the Company is subject to the potential risks associated with the concentration of the majority of our hotels under a single management company. A negative public image or other adverse event that becomes associated with or impacts WLS could adversely affect the revenues and profitability of hotels that are managed by them.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts in these financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation with no impact to net income, shareholders’ equity or cash flows.
Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenue comprises hotel operating revenue, such as room revenue, food and beverage revenue and revenue from other hotel operating departments (such as telephone, parking and other guest services). These revenues are recorded net of any sales and occupancy taxes collected from guests. All rebates or discounts are recorded as a reduction in revenue, and there are no material contingent obligations with respect to rebates and discounts offered by the hotels. All revenues are recorded on an accrual basis as earned. Appropriate allowances are made for doubtful accounts and are recorded as bad debt expenses. The allowances are calculated as a percentage of aged accounts receivable. Cash received prior to guest arrival is recorded as an advance from the guest and recognized as revenue at the time of occupancy.
Incentive payments received pursuant to entry into management agreements are deferred and amortized into income over the life of the respective agreements. In May 2012, the Company received an incentive payment of
$4.0 million
related to purchasing a hotel and entering into a franchise agreement, which is being recognized over the remaining term of the franchise agreement. As of
December 31, 2014
, there was approximately
$3.7 million
remaining to be recognized.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The estimated fair values of financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methods. Considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methods may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
Investment in Hotels and Other Properties
The Company’s acquisitions generally consist of land, land improvements, buildings, building improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment ("FF&E"), and inventory. The Company may also acquire intangibles related to in-place leases, management agreements and franchise agreements when properties are acquired. The Company allocates the purchase price among the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. Transaction costs are expensed for acquisitions that are considered business combinations and capitalized for asset acquisitions.
The Company’s investments in hotels and other properties are carried at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of
15
years for land improvements,
15
years for building improvements,
40
years for buildings and
three
to
five
years for FF&E. Intangibles arising from acquisitions are amortized using the straight-line method over the non-cancelable portion of the term of the agreement. Maintenance and repairs are expensed and major renewals or improvements are capitalized. Interest used to finance real estate under development is capitalized as an additional cost of development. Upon the sale or disposition of a property, the asset and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the related gain or loss is included in gain or loss on disposal of hotel properties. Gain or loss from dispositions representing a strategic shift that had or will have a major effect on operations and final results will be presented as discontinued operations.
In accordance with the guidance on impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, the Company does not consider "held for sale" classification until it is probable that the sale will be completed within one year and the other requisite criteria for such
F-10
classification have been met. The Company does not depreciate properties so long as they are classified as held for sale. Upon designation as held for sale and quarterly thereafter, the Company reviews the realizability of the carrying value, less cost to sell, in accordance with the guidance. Any such adjustment in the carrying value is reflected as an impairment charge.
The Company assesses carrying value whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows which take into account current market conditions and the Company’s intent with respect to holding or disposing of properties. If the Company’s analysis indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, it recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third party appraisals, where considered necessary.
The use of projected future cash flows is based on assumptions that are consistent with a market participant’s future expectations for the travel industry and economy in general and the Company’s expected use of the underlying properties. The assumptions and estimates about future cash flows and capitalization rates are complex and subjective. Changes in economic and operating conditions that occur subsequent to a current impairment analysis and the Company’s ultimate use of the properties could impact these assumptions and result in future impairment charges with respect to the properties.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
All highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash balances in domestic banks, which, at times, may exceed the limits of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Restricted Cash Reserves
All cash that is required to be maintained in a reserve escrow account by a management agreement, franchise agreement and/or a mortgage agreement for replacement of furniture, fixtures and equipment and funding of real estate taxes and insurance is considered to be restricted cash reserves.
Hotel Receivables
Hotel receivables consist mainly of hotel guest and meeting and banquet room rental receivables. The Company does not generally require collateral, as ongoing credit evaluations are performed and an allowance for doubtful accounts is established against any receivable that is estimated to be uncollectible.
Deferred Financing Fees
Deferred financing fees relate to costs incurred to obtain long-term financing. Deferred financing fees are recorded at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the respective terms of the financing agreement, as applicable (see Note
6
) and are included as a component of interest expense. The Company expenses unamortized deferred financing fees when the associated financing agreement is refinanced or repaid before maturity, unless criteria are met that would allow for the carryover of such costs to the refinanced agreement. For the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, approximately
$4.3 million
,
$4.5 million
and
$5.4 million
(excluding discontinued operations), respectively, of amortization expense was recorded as a component of interest expense. Accumulated amortization at
December 31, 2014
and
2013
was approximately
$6.8 million
and
$4.9 million
, respectively.
Deferred Management Fees
In June 2006, the Company made a one-time payment of
$20.0 million
to WLS in consideration for the agreement of WLS to enter into new management agreements on terms favorable to the Company. This payment was recorded at cost, and is being amortized as a component of management fee expense over the
20
-year initial term of the management agreement. For each of the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, approximately
$1.0 million
(excluding discontinued operations) of amortization expense was recorded for deferred management fees. As of
December 31, 2014
and
2013
, accumulated amortization was approximately
$7.9 million
and
$7.7 million
, respectively.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income includes net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of unrealized gains and losses resulting from hedging activities.
F-11
Advertising Costs
The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately
$3.7 million
,
$3.7 million
and
$4.4 million
for the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
(excluding discontinued operations), respectively, and is included in other hotel operating expenses.
Transaction and Pursuit Costs
The Company incurs costs during the review of potential property acquisitions and dispositions, including legal fees, architectural costs, environmental reviews and market studies. These costs are expensed as incurred.
Derivative Financial Instruments
In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to the effects of interest rate changes. As of
December 31, 2014
and
2013
,
89.4%
and
87.0%
, respectively, of the Company's borrowings were subject to variable rates. As of
December 31, 2014
and
2013
, after taking into consideration the effect of interest rate swaps,
16.0%
and
30.8%
, respectively, of the Company's borrowings were subject to variable rates. The Company limits the risks associated with interest rate changes by following the Company's established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives. The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risk. The Company attempts to require that hedging derivative instruments be effective in reducing the interest rate risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. This effectiveness is essential in order to qualify for hedge accounting. Instruments that meet these hedging criteria are formally designated as hedges at the inception of the derivative contract. When the terms of an underlying transaction are modified, or when the underlying hedged item ceases to exist, all changes in the fair value of the instrument are marked-to-market with changes in value included in net income each period until the instrument matures.
The Company utilizes a variety of borrowing vehicles including an unsecured revolving credit facility and medium and long-term financings. To reduce the Company's susceptibility to interest rate variability, the Company uses interest rate instruments, typically interest rate swaps, to convert a portion of variable rate debt to fixed rate debt.
Interest rate swap agreements contain a credit risk that counterparties may be unable to fulfill the terms of the agreement. The Company has minimized that risk by evaluating the creditworthiness of its counterparties, who are limited to major banks and financial institutions, and it does not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties.
Gains and losses on derivatives determined to be effective hedges are reported in other comprehensive income (loss) and are reclassified to earnings in the period in which earnings are affected by the underlying hedged item. The ineffective portion of all hedged items is recognized in earnings in the current period. There was
no
ineffectiveness recorded on designated hedges during the years ended
December 31, 2014
and
2013
.
Distributions by the Company
The Company's board of trustees determines the amount of future distributions based upon various factors including operating results, economic conditions, other operating trends, the Company's financial condition and capital requirements, as well as minimum REIT distribution requirements. The Company's ability to make distributions is dependent on receipt of quarterly distributions from the Operating Partnership and the Operating Partnership's ability to make distributions is dependent upon the results of operations of the hotels.
Noncontrolling Interests
The consolidated financial statements include all subsidiaries controlled by the Company. For controlled subsidiaries that are not wholly-owned, the noncontrolling interests in these subsidiaries are presented separately in the consolidated financial statements. As of
December 31, 2014
the Company consolidated DBT Met Hotel Venture, LP, a majority-owned partnership that has a third-party, noncontrolling
1.9%
ownership interest. The third-party partnership interest is included in noncontrolling interest in joint venture on the consolidated balance sheet. Profits and losses are allocated in proportion to each party's respective ownership interest.
As of
December 31, 2014
, the Company consolidates the Operating Partnership, which is a majority-owned partnership that has a third-party, noncontrolling
0.7%
ownership interest. The third-party partnership interest is included in noncontrolling interest in Operating Partnership on the consolidated balance sheet. Profits and losses are allocated in proportion to each party's respective ownership interest.
Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2011. To qualify as a REIT, the Company
F-12
must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital gain. The Company's current intention is to adhere to these requirements and maintain the qualification for taxation as a REIT. As a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to federal corporate income tax on that portion of net income that is currently distributed. If the Company fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for
four
subsequent taxable years. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it may be subject to certain state and local taxes on income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on undistributed taxable income.
Taxable income from non-REIT activities managed through taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to federal, state and local income taxes. The taxable REIT subsidiary is required to pay income taxes at the applicable rates. The consolidated income tax provision or benefit includes the income tax provision or benefit related to the operations of the taxable REIT subsidiary as well as state income taxes incurred.
Where required, deferred income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting bases of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases and for operating loss, capital loss and tax credit carryforwards based on enacted income tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that is more likely than not they will be realized based on consideration of available evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future projected taxable income and tax planning strategies.
The Company performs an annual review for any uncertain tax positions and, if necessary, will record expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. At
December 31, 2014
and
2013
, the Company did not identify any uncertain tax positions.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period excluding the weighted-average number of unvested restricted shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus any shares that could potentially be outstanding during the period. Potential shares consist of unvested restricted share grants and unvested performance units, calculated using the treasury stock method. Any anti-dilutive shares have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation.
Share-based Compensation
From time to time, the Company may issue share-based awards under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2011 Plan"), as compensation to officers, employees and non-employee trustees (see Note
11
). The vesting of awards issued to officers and employees is based on either continued employment (time-based) or based on the relative total shareholder returns of the Company and continued employment (performance-based), as determined by the board of trustees at the date of grant. The Company recognizes, for time-based awards, compensation expense for non-vested shares on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based upon the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant, adjusted for forfeitures. The Company recognizes, for performance-based awards, compensation expense over the requisite service period for each award, based on the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant, as determined using a Monte Carlo simulation, adjusted for forfeitures.
Environmental
The Company is subject to various federal, state and local environmental regulations related to its property ownership and operation. The Company has performed environmental assessments of its properties, the results of which have not revealed any environmental liability that the Company believes would have a materially adverse effect on its financial position, operations or liquidity.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-08,
Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity
, which significantly changed the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. Under the new guidance, only disposals representing a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on operations and final results should be presented as discontinued operations. The guidance also provides additional disclosure requirements in connection with both discontinued operations and other dispositions not qualifying as discontinued operations. The guidance applies to all disposals (or classifications as held for
F-13
sale) of components of an entity that occur within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, but only for disposals (or classifications as held for sale) that have not been reported in financial statements previously issued or available for issuance. The Company adopted the new guidance for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2014. Prior to January 1, 2014, properties disposed of were presented in discontinued operations for all periods presented.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
, which supersedes or replaces nearly all GAAP revenue recognition guidance. The new guidance establishes a new control-based revenue recognition model, changes the basis for deciding when revenue is recognized over time or at a point in time and will expand disclosures about revenue. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating whether this ASU will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15,
Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
. ASU 2014-15 requires management to evaluate whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide certain disclosures when it is probable that the entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. ASU 2014-15 is effective for the annual period ended December 31, 2016 and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe this ASU will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
3.
Investment in Hotels and Other Properties
Investment in hotels and other properties as of
December 31, 2014
and
2013
consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
December 31, 2014
|
December 31, 2013
|
||||||
|
Land and land improvements
|
$
|
706,497
|
|
$
|
594,402
|
|
|
|
Buildings and improvements
|
3,005,390
|
|
2,866,849
|
|
|||
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
498,126
|
|
485,531
|
|
|||
|
Intangible assets
|
2,507
|
|
2,507
|
|
|||
|
|
4,212,520
|
|
3,949,289
|
|
|||
|
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
(693,717
|
)
|
(708,126
|
)
|
|||
|
Investment in hotel and other properties, net
|
$
|
3,518,803
|
|
$
|
3,241,163
|
|
|
For the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
depreciation and amortization expense related to investment in hotel and other properties was approximately
$143.9 million
,
$126.8 million
and
$125.9 million
(excluding discontinued operations), respectively.
Impairment
During the
year ended December 31, 2014
, the Company recorded an impairment loss of
$9.2 million
related to three hotels. The Company evaluated the recoverability of the carrying values of hotels given the current expectation to sell certain hotels before the end of their previously estimated useful lives. Based on an analysis of estimated undiscounted net cash flows, the Company concluded that the carrying values of three hotels were not recoverable. The Company estimated the fair value of the hotels using a widely accepted revenue multiple approach with significant unobservable inputs, including revenue growth projections and prevailing market multiples, from third party sources.
The Company determined that there was no impairment of any assets for the
year ended December 31, 2013
.
During the
year ended December 31, 2012
, the Company recorded an impairment loss of
$0.9 million
related to one hotel (recognized in discontinued operations). The Company evaluated the recoverability of the hotel’s carrying value given deteriorating operating results for the
year ended December 31, 2012
. Based on an analysis of estimated undiscounted net cash flow, the Company concluded that the carrying value of the hotel was not recoverable. The Company estimated the fair value of the hotel using a discounted cash flow analysis. In the analysis, the Company estimated the future net cash flows from the hotel, the expected useful life and holding period, and applicable capitalization and discount rates.
F-14
Held for Sale
In November 2014, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement to sell a portfolio of 20 hotel properties for an aggregate sale price of
$230.3 million
. At December 31, 2014, these hotel properties have been included in assets of hotel properties held for sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The transaction closed on
February 23, 2015
.
4.
Acquisition of Hotel and Other Properties
During the
year ended December 31, 2014
, the Company acquired a
100%
interest in the following properties:
|
Property
|
Location
|
Acquisition Date
|
Management Company
|
Rooms
|
Purchase Price (in thousands)
|
||||||||
|
Hyatt House Charlotte Center City
|
Charlotte, NC
|
March 12, 2014
|
Hyatt Affiliate
|
163
|
|
$
|
32,496
|
|
|||||
|
Hyatt House Cypress Anaheim
|
Cypress, CA
|
March 12, 2014
|
Hyatt Affiliate
|
142
|
|
14,753
|
|
||||||
|
Hyatt House Emeryville San Francisco Bay Area
|
Emeryville, CA
|
March 12, 2014
|
Hyatt Affiliate
|
234
|
|
39,274
|
|
||||||
|
Hyatt House San Diego Sorrento Mesa
|
San Diego, CA
|
March 12, 2014
|
Hyatt Affiliate
|
193
|
|
35,985
|
|
||||||
|
Hyatt House San Jose Silicon Valley
|
San Jose, CA
|
March 12, 2014
|
Hyatt Affiliate
|
164
|
|
44,159
|
|
||||||
|
Hyatt House San Ramon
|
San Ramon, CA
|
March 12, 2014
|
Hyatt Affiliate
|
142
|
|
20,833
|
|
||||||
|
Hyatt House Santa Clara
|
Santa Clara, CA
|
March 12, 2014
|
Hyatt Affiliate
|
150
|
|
40,570
|
|
||||||
|
Hyatt Market Street The Woodlands
|
The Woodlands, TX
|
March 12, 2014
|
Hyatt Corporation
|
70
|
|
25,817
|
|
||||||
|
Hyatt Place Fremont Silicon Valley
|
Fremont, CA
|
March 12, 2014
|
Hyatt Affiliate
|
151
|
|
23,525
|
|
||||||
|
Hyatt Place Madison Downtown
|
Madison, WI
|
March 12, 2014
|
Hyatt Affiliate
|
151
|
|
35,088
|
|
||||||
|
Courtyard Portland City Center
|
Portland, OR
|
May 22, 2014
|
Sage Hospitality
|
256
|
|
67,000
|
|
||||||
|
Embassy Suites Irvine Orange County
|
Irvine, CA
|
May 22, 2014
|
Sage Hospitality
|
293
|
|
53,000
|
|
||||||
|
Hilton Cabana Miami Beach
|
Miami, FL
|
June 19, 2014
|
Highgate Hotels
|
231
|
|
71,700
|
|
||||||
|
Hyatt Atlanta Midtown
|
Atlanta, GA
|
July 14, 2014
|
Interstate Hotels and Resorts
|
194
|
|
49,500
|
|
||||||
|
DoubleTree Grand Key Resort (1)
|
Key West, FL
|
September 11, 2014
|
Interstate Hotels and Resorts
|
215
|
|
78,250
|
|
||||||
|
2,749
|
|
$
|
631,950
|
|
|||||||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)
Purchase price includes $1.3 million paid for five condominium units.
F-15
During the
year ended December 31, 2013
, the Company acquired a 100% interest in the following properties:
|
Property
|
Location
|
Acquisition Date
|
Management Company
|
Rooms
|
Purchase Price (in thousands)
|
||||||||
|
Courtyard Houston Downtown Convention Center
|
Houston, TX
|
March 19, 2013
|
White Lodging Services
|
191
|
|
$
|
34,308
|
|
|||||
|
Residence Inn Houston Downtown Convention Center
|
Houston, TX
|
March 19, 2013
|
White Lodging Services
|
171
|
|
29,421
|
|
||||||
|
SpringHill Suites Houston Downtown Convention Center (1)
|
Houston, TX
|
March 19, 2013
|
n/a
|
82
|
|
15,547
|
|
||||||
|
Courtyard Waikiki Beach
|
Honolulu, HI
|
June 17, 2013
|
Highgate Hotels
|
399
|
|
75,250
|
|
||||||
|
Courtyard San Francisco (1)
|
San Francisco, CA
|
June 21, 2013
|
n/a
|
150
|
|
29,475
|
|
||||||
|
Residence Inn Atlanta Midtown Historic (2)
|
Atlanta, GA
|
August 6, 2013
|
Interstate Hotels and Resorts
|
78
|
|
4,731
|
|
||||||
|
SpringHill Suites Portland Hillsboro
|
Hillsboro, OR
|
October 8, 2013
|
InnVentures
|
106
|
|
24,000
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
1,177
|
|
$
|
212,732
|
|
|||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
The property is not currently open for operations.
|
|
(2)
|
On August 6, 2013, the Company was a successful bidder at a foreclosure sale of the property collateralizing the non-performing loan for a purchase price of
$4.7 million
, which was equal to the Company's basis in the mortgage loan. The Company recorded a gain of
$4.3 million
related to the property acquired and a gain of
$0.6 million
related to other assets acquired and liabilities assumed for a total gain on foreclosure of
$4.9 million
.
|
The allocation of purchase price for the properties acquired was as follows (in thousands):
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
|||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
||||||
|
Land and land improvements
|
$
|
164,396
|
|
$
|
30,989
|
|
|
|
Buildings and improvements
|
409,540
|
|
188,180
|
|
|||
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
57,575
|
|
8,755
|
|
|||
|
Intangible and other assets
|
439
|
|
650
|
|
|||
|
Intangible and other liabilities
|
—
|
|
(3,695
|
)
|
|||
|
Above market ground lease
|
—
|
|
(7,878
|
)
|
|||
|
631,950
|
|
217,001
|
|
||||
|
Bargain purchase gain
|
—
|
|
(4,269
|
)
|
|||
|
Total purchase price
|
$
|
631,950
|
|
$
|
212,732
|
|
|
See Note
15
for detail of other assets acquired and liabilities assumed in conjunction with the Company’s acquisitions.
For the properties acquired during the year ended
December 31, 2014
total revenues and net income from the date of acquisition through
December 31, 2014
are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
|||
|
2014
|
|||
|
Total Revenue
|
$
|
106,306
|
|
|
Net income
|
$
|
18,773
|
|
F-16
For the properties acquired during the year ended
December 31, 2013
total revenues and net income from the date of acquisition through
December 31, 2013
are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
|||
|
2013
|
|||
|
Total Revenue
|
$
|
28,330
|
|
|
Net income
|
$
|
7,050
|
|
The following unaudited condensed pro forma financial information presents the results of operations as if the
2014
acquisitions had taken place on January 1,
2013
and the
2013
acquisitions had taken place on January 1,
2012
. The unaudited condensed pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what actual results of operations of the Company would have been assuming the
2014
and
2013
acquisitions had taken place on January 1,
2013
and
2012
, respectively, nor does it purport to represent the results of operations for future periods. The unaudited condensed pro forma financial information is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):
|
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
||||||
|
|
2014
|
2013
|
|||||
|
(unaudited)
|
|||||||
|
Total revenue
|
$
|
1,151,088
|
|
$
|
1,112,475
|
|
|
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
145,286
|
|
$
|
141,102
|
|
|
|
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - basic
|
$
|
1.14
|
|
$
|
1.20
|
|
|
|
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - diluted
|
$
|
1.13
|
|
$
|
1.19
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic
|
127,360,669
|
|
117,950,066
|
|
|||
|
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted
|
128,293,843
|
|
118,738,626
|
|
|||
5.
Disposal of Hotel Properties
During the
year ended December 31, 2014
, the Company disposed of
18
hotel properties in
eight
separate transactions for a total sale price of approximately
$137.8 million
. In conjunction with these transactions, the Company recorded a
$0.4 million
gain
on disposal, which is included in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, the Company completed a legal defeasance of the mortgage indebtedness secured by three of the properties that were sold. The cost of the defeasance was approximately
$0.8 million
, which is included in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
F-17
The following table provides a list of properties that were disposed of during the
year ended December 31, 2014
:
|
Property Name
|
Location
|
Disposal Date
|
Rooms
|
||||
|
Courtyard Denver Southwest Lakewood
|
Lakewood, CO
|
February 20, 2014
|
90
|
|
|||
|
Residence Inn Denver Southwest Lakewood
|
Lakewood, CO
|
February 20, 2014
|
102
|
|
|||
|
Hyatt House Colorado Springs
|
Colorado Springs, CO
|
February 20, 2014
|
125
|
|
|||
|
SpringHill Suites Gainesville
|
Gainesville, FL
|
February 20, 2014
|
126
|
|
|||
|
Residence Inn Indianapolis Airport
|
Indianapolis, IN
|
February 20, 2014
|
95
|
|
|||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Indianapolis Airport
|
Indianapolis, IN
|
February 20, 2014
|
86
|
|
|||
|
Courtyard Grand Rapids Airport
|
Kentwood, MI
|
February 20, 2014
|
84
|
|
|||
|
Hampton Inn Suites Las Vegas Red Rock Summerlin
|
Las Vegas, NV
|
February 20, 2014
|
106
|
|
|||
|
Courtyard Austin University Area
|
Austin, TX
|
February 20, 2014
|
198
|
|
|||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Austin University Area
|
Austin, TX
|
February 20, 2014
|
63
|
|
|||
|
Hyatt House Dallas Richardson
|
Richardson, TX
|
February 20, 2014
|
130
|
|
|||
|
Hilton Garden Inn St. George
|
St. George, UT
|
February 25, 2014
|
150
|
|
|||
|
Hilton Mystic
|
Mystic, CT
|
March 26, 2014
|
182
|
|
|||
|
Holiday Inn Austin NW Arboretum Area
|
Austin, TX
|
June 18, 2014
|
194
|
|
|||
|
Courtyard Benton Harbor St Joseph
|
Benton Harbor, MI
|
December 16, 2014
|
98
|
|
|||
|
Courtyard Valparaiso
|
Valparaiso, IN
|
December 17, 2014
|
111
|
|
|||
|
Courtyard Merrillville
|
Merrillville, IN
|
December 18, 2014
|
112
|
|
|||
|
Courtyard Fort Wayne
|
Fort Wayne, IN
|
December 19, 2014
|
142
|
|
|||
|
Total
|
2,194
|
|
|||||
During 2013, the Company disposed of
three
properties in three separate transactions. The operating results for the
year ended December 31, 2013
for these properties are included in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
|
Property Name
|
Location
|
Disposal Date
|
Rooms
|
||||
|
SpringHill Suites Southfield (1)
|
Southfield, MI
|
May 30, 2013
|
84
|
|
|||
|
Courtyard Goshen (2)
|
Goshen, IN
|
August 28, 2013
|
91
|
|
|||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Memphis
|
Memphis, TN
|
November 18, 2013
|
63
|
|
|||
|
Total
|
238
|
|
|||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
In November 2011, the Company elected to cease the subsidization of debt service on the mortgage loan secured by the SpringHill Suites Southfield, Michigan. In January 2012, the Company received notice of an event of default for failure to make the required monthly payments. Under the terms of the mortgage loan, the lender received the monthly net cash from operations from the hotel. In December 2012, the Company entered into a deed in lieu of foreclosure agreement with the lender, providing for a consensual transfer of the property to the lender or its designee. On May 30, 2013, the Company transferred title to the hotel to the lender pursuant to the deed in lieu of foreclosure arrangement. The Company recorded a gain on extinguishment of indebtedness of approximately
$2.4 million
to discontinued operations at that time.
|
|
(2)
|
In November 2011, the Company elected to cease the subsidization of debt service on the mortgage loan secured by the Courtyard Goshen, Indiana. In December 2011, the Company received notice of an event of default for failure to make the required monthly payments. In May 2012, a receiver took control of the property for the benefit of the lender of the mortgage loan. On August 28, 2013, the property was sold at a foreclosure auction and was purchased by an affiliate of the lender. The Company recorded a gain on extinguishment of indebtedness of approximately
$3.3 million
to discontinued operations at that time.
|
In February 2013, the Goshen lender filed suit against the Company claiming amounts due from the Company in its capacity as a guarantor of certain borrower obligations and has continued to pursue this claim following the sale of the property. The Company disputes that any amounts are owed to the lender under the guaranty and is defending itself against this claim.
F-18
Operating results of discontinued operations were as follows (in thousands):
|
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
||||||
|
|
2013
|
2012
|
|||||
|
Operating revenue
|
$
|
2,950
|
|
$
|
4,520
|
|
|
|
Operating expense
|
(2,930
|
)
|
(4,459
|
)
|
|||
|
Operating income
|
20
|
|
61
|
|
|||
|
Impairment loss
|
—
|
|
(896
|
)
|
|||
|
Interest expense
|
(373
|
)
|
(1,308
|
)
|
|||
|
Loss from discontinued operations before gain on sale
|
(353
|
)
|
(2,143
|
)
|
|||
|
Gain on sale of property
|
2,081
|
|
—
|
|
|||
|
Gain on extinguishment of indebtedness
|
5,708
|
|
—
|
|
|||
|
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
|
$
|
7,436
|
|
$
|
(2,143
|
)
|
|
6
.
Debt
Credit Facilities
The Company has in place the following unsecured credit agreements:
|
•
|
$300.0 million
revolving credit facility with a scheduled maturity date of November 20, 2016 with a
one-year
extension option if certain conditions are satisfied (the "Revolver");
|
|
•
|
$400.0 million
term loan with a scheduled maturity date of March 20, 2019 (which was originally scheduled to mature in 2017) (the "2012 Five-Year Term Loan");
|
|
•
|
$225.0 million
term loan with a scheduled maturity date of November 20, 2019 (the "2012 Seven-Year Term Loan");
|
|
•
|
$400.0 million
term loan with a scheduled maturity date of August 27, 2018 (the "2013 Five-Year Term Loan"); and
|
|
•
|
$150.0 million
term loan with a scheduled maturity date of January 22, 2022 (the "2014 Seven-Year Term Loan").
|
The 2014 Seven-Year Term loan, the 2012 Five-Year Term Loan, the 2012 Seven-Year Term Loan and the 2013 Five-Year Term Loan are collectively the "Term Loans". The credit agreements for these loans require that a group of no less than
20
of the Company’s hotel properties remain unencumbered by outstanding indebtedness. The credit agreements contain certain financial covenants relating to the Company’s maximum leverage ratio, minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, minimum tangible net worth and maximum secured indebtedness. If an event of default exists, the Company is not permitted to make distributions to shareholders, other than those required to qualify for and maintain REIT status. As of
December 31, 2014
, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.
In 2012, the Company incurred
$5.2 million
in fees related to the Revolver, the 2012
Five
-Year Term Loan and the 2012
Seven
-Year Term Loan. In 2013, the Company incurred
$3.0 million
in fees related to the 2013 Five-Year Term Loan and the Seven-Year Term Loan amendment. In 2014, the Company incurred
$2.9 million
in fees related to the 2014 Seven-Year Term Loan and the amendments of the 2012 Five-Year Term Loan and the 2013 Five-Year Term Loan.
Borrowings under the Revolver and Term Loans bear interest at variable rates equal to the London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin. The margin ranges from
1.65%
to
3.00%
, depending on the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of each facility. The Company incurs an unused facility fee on the Revolver of between
0.25%
and
0.35%
, based on the amount by which the maximum borrowing amount exceeds the total principal balance of outstanding borrowings.
Under the terms of the credit agreement for the Revolver,
one
or more standby letters of credit, up to a maximum aggregate outstanding balance of
$30.0 million
, may be issued on behalf of the Company by the lenders under the Revolver. The Company will incur a fee of
0.125%
of the value of each standby letter of credit that is issued on its behalf. Any outstanding standby letters of credit reduce the available borrowings on the Revolver by a corresponding amount. No standby letters of credit were outstanding at
December 31, 2014
. The Company also may borrow up to a maximum aggregate outstanding balance of
$40.0 million
of swingline loans. Any outstanding swingline loans reduce the available borrowings under the Revolver by a corresponding amount. No swingline loans were outstanding at
December 31, 2014
.
F-19
As of
December 31, 2014
and for the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, details of the credit facilities are as follows (in thousands):
|
Interest expense for the year ended December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2014
|
Maturity Date
|
Interest Rate at December 31, 2014 (1)
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
||||||||||||||
|
Revolver (2)(3)
|
$
|
—
|
|
November 2016
|
n/a
|
$
|
1,177
|
|
$
|
1,222
|
|
$
|
158
|
|
|||||
|
2013 Five-Year Term Loan (4)
|
400,000
|
|
August 2018
|
3.07%
|
12,264
|
|
3,850
|
|
—
|
|
|||||||||
|
2012 Five-Year Term Loan (5)
|
400,000
|
|
March 2019
|
2.37%
|
6,902
|
|
5,453
|
|
662
|
|
|||||||||
|
2012 Seven-Year Term Loan (6)
|
225,000
|
|
November 2019
|
4.04%
|
9,217
|
|
5,049
|
|
359
|
|
|||||||||
|
2014 Seven-Year Term Loan (7)
|
—
|
|
January 2022
|
n/a
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||||||||
|
Prior Credit Facility (8)
|
—
|
|
n/a
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
2,345
|
|
||||||||||
|
Total
|
$
|
1,025,000
|
|
$
|
29,560
|
|
$
|
15,574
|
|
$
|
3,524
|
|
|||||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
Interest rate at
December 31, 2014
gives effect to interest rate hedges and LIBOR floors, as applicable.
|
|
(2)
|
At
December 31, 2014
there was $300.0 million of borrowing capacity on the Revolver.
|
|
(3)
|
Includes the unused facility fee of
$1.0 million
,
$1.0 million
and
$0.1 million
for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
|
|
(4)
|
Includes interest expense related to an interest rate hedge of
$5.1 million
and
$1.6 million
for years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
|
|
(5)
|
Includes interest expense related to an interest rate hedge of
$0.2 million
for the year ended December 31, 2014.
|
|
(6)
|
Includes interest expense related to an interest rate hedge of
$4.2 million
and
$1.3 million
for years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
|
|
(7)
|
At
December 31, 2014
there was $150.0 million of borrowing capacity on the 2014 Seven-Year Term Loan.
|
|
(8)
|
The Company entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility (the "Prior Credit Facility") on June 20, 2011. On November 20, 2012, the Prior Credit Facility was amended and restated in its entirety and replaced with the Revolver and 2012 Five-Year Term Loan. Includes the unused facility fee of
$0.7 million
for the year ended December 31, 2012.
|
Mortgage Loans
As of
December 31, 2014
and
December 31, 2013
, the Company was subject to the following mortgage loans (in thousands):
|
|
Principal balance at,
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Lender
|
Number of Assets Encumbered
|
Interest Rate at December 31, 2014 (1)
|
|
Maturity Date
|
|
December 31, 2014
|
December 31, 2013
|
|||||||||||||
|
Capmark Financial Group
|
1
|
5.55%
|
|
May 2015
|
(2)
|
$
|
10,513
|
|
$
|
10,916
|
|
|||||||||
|
Capmark Financial Group
|
1
|
5.55%
|
|
June 2015
|
(2)
|
4,561
|
|
4,736
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Barclay's Bank
|
12
|
5.55%
|
|
June 2015
|
(2)
|
107,544
|
|
111,632
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Barclay's Bank
|
4
|
5.60%
|
|
June 2015
|
(2)
|
26,775
|
|
27,804
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Capmark Financial Group
|
1
|
5.50%
|
|
July 2015
|
(2)
|
6,214
|
|
6,450
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Barclay's Bank
|
1
|
5.44%
|
|
Sept 2015
|
(2)
|
10,140
|
|
10,521
|
|
|||||||||||
|
PNC Bank (3)
|
5
|
2.51%
|
(4)
|
May 2016
|
(5)
|
74,000
|
|
85,000
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Wells Fargo (6)
|
4
|
4.19%
|
(4)
|
Sept 2016
|
(7)
|
150,000
|
|
150,000
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Wells Fargo
|
4
|
4.06%
|
(4)
|
October 2017
|
(7)
|
143,000
|
|
—
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Wells Fargo
|
October 2014
|
|
—
|
|
142,000
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
Capmark Financial Group
|
April 2015
|
|
—
|
|
4,068
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
Barclay's Bank
|
June 2015
|
|
—
|
|
2,475
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
Barclay's Bank
|
June 2015
|
|
—
|
|
4,063
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
532,747
|
|
$
|
559,665
|
|
|||||||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
Interest rate at
December 31, 2014
gives effect to interest rate hedges and LIBOR floors, as applicable.
|
|
(2)
|
The Company is currently evaluating its options for repayment of these mortgage loans.
|
|
(3)
|
The
five
hotels encumbered by the PNC Bank loan are cross-collateralized.
|
F-20
|
(4)
|
Requires payments of interest only until the commencement of the extension period(s).
|
|
(5)
|
Maturity date may be extended for
one
one
-year term at the Company’s option, subject to certain lender requirements.
|
|
(6)
|
Two
of the four hotels encumbered by the Wells Fargo loans are cross-collateralized.
|
|
(7)
|
Maturity date may be extended for
four
one
-year terms at the Company’s option, subject to certain lender requirements.
|
Some mortgage agreements are subject to customary financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with these
covenants at
December 31, 2014
and
December 31, 2013
.
Future Minimum Principal Payments
As of
December 31, 2014
, future minimum principal payments on debt were as follows (in thousands):
|
2015
|
$
|
165,747
|
|
|
2016
|
224,000
|
|
|
|
2017
|
143,000
|
|
|
|
2018
|
400,000
|
|
|
|
2019
|
625,000
|
|
|
|
Thereafter
|
—
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,557,747
|
|
|
7.
Derivatives and Hedging
The Company employs derivative financial instruments to hedge against interest rate fluctuations. For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, unrealized gains and losses on the effective portion are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of shareholders’ equity. Unrealized gains and losses on the ineffective portion of all designated hedges are recognized in earnings in the current period. For derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, unrealized gains or losses are recognized in earnings in the current period. At
December 31, 2014
, all derivative instruments were designated as cash flow hedges.
At
December 31, 2013
the fair value of interest rate swap assets of
$3.2 million
was included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At
December 31, 2014
and
December 31, 2013
, the aggregate fair value of interest rate swap liabilities of
$13.6 million
and
$9.1 million
, respectively, was included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
F-21
As of
December 31, 2014
and
December 31, 2013
, the Company had entered into the following interest rate swaps (in thousands):
|
Notional value at
|
Fair value at
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Hedge type
|
December 31, 2014
|
December 31, 2013
|
Hedge interest rate
|
Maturity
|
December 31, 2014
|
December 31, 2013
|
|||||||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
$
|
275,000
|
|
$
|
275,000
|
|
1.12%
|
November 2017
|
$
|
(232
|
)
|
$
|
3,161
|
|
|||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
175,000
|
|
175,000
|
|
1.56%
|
March 2018
|
(2,182
|
)
|
(1,866
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
175,000
|
|
175,000
|
|
1.64%
|
March 2018
|
(2,596
|
)
|
(2,406
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
16,500
|
|
16,500
|
|
1.83%
|
September 2018
|
(315
|
)
|
(238
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
16,500
|
|
16,500
|
|
1.75%
|
September 2018
|
(270
|
)
|
(181
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
40,500
|
|
40,500
|
|
1.83%
|
September 2018
|
(772
|
)
|
(585
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
41,500
|
|
41,500
|
|
1.75%
|
September 2018
|
(678
|
)
|
(456
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
18,000
|
|
18,000
|
|
1.83%
|
September 2018
|
(343
|
)
|
(260
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
17,000
|
|
17,000
|
|
1.75%
|
September 2018
|
(278
|
)
|
(187
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
125,000
|
|
125,000
|
|
2.02%
|
March 2019
|
(3,073
|
)
|
(1,838
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
100,000
|
|
100,000
|
|
1.94%
|
March 2019
|
(2,145
|
)
|
(1,085
|
)
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
50,000
|
|
—
|
|
1.80%
|
October 2020
|
(242
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
50,000
|
|
—
|
|
1.85%
|
October 2020
|
(387
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||||||
|
Swap-cash flow
|
43,000
|
|
—
|
|
1.77%
|
October 2020
|
(131
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||||||
|
$
|
1,143,000
|
|
$
|
1,000,000
|
|
$
|
(13,644
|
)
|
$
|
(5,941
|
)
|
||||||||
As of
December 31, 2014
and
December 31, 2013
, there was approximately
$13.6 million
and
$5.9 million
, respectively, in unrealized
losses
included in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to interest rate hedges that are effective in offsetting the variable cash flows. There was
no
ineffectiveness recorded on designated hedges during the years ended
December 31, 2014
and
2013
. For the years ended
December 31, 2014
and
2013
, approximately
$12.4 million
and
$3.7 million
, respectively, of amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss were reclassified into interest expense.
8.
Fair Value
Fair Value Measurement
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or most advantageous market. The fair value hierarchy has three levels of inputs, both observable and unobservable:
|
•
|
Level 1 — Inputs include quoted market prices in an active market for identical assets or liabilities.
|
|
•
|
Level 2 — Inputs are market data, other than Level 1, that are observable either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in an inactive market, and other observable information that can be corroborated by market data.
|
|
•
|
Level 3 — Inputs are unobservable and corroborated by little or no market data.
|
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company used the following market assumptions and/or estimation methods:
|
•
|
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, hotel and other receivables, accounts payable and other liabilities - The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments approximate fair value because of their short maturities.
|
|
•
|
Variable rate mortgage notes payable and borrowings under the Revolver and Term Loans - The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments approximate fair value, as
|
F-22
they bear interest at market rates. The Company determined that its variable rate mortgage notes payable and borrowings under the Revolver and Term Loans are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
|
•
|
Fixed rate mortgage notes payable - The fair value estimated at
December 31, 2014
and
2013
of
$171.1 million
and
$188.0 million
, respectively, is calculated based on the net present value of payments over the term of the loans using estimated market rates for similar mortgage loans with similar terms and loan to value ratios. As a result, the Company determined that its fixed rate mortgage notes payable in their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of fixed rate mortgage notes payable at
December 31, 2014
and
2013
was
$165.7 million
and
$182.7 million
, respectively.
|
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of
December 31, 2014
(in thousands):
|
Fair Value at December 31, 2014
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Level 1
|
Level 2
|
Level 3
|
Total
|
||||||||||||
|
Interest rate swap asset
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|||
|
Interest rate swap liability
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
(13,644
|
)
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
(13,644
|
)
|
|||
|
Total
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
(13,644
|
)
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
(13,644
|
)
|
|||
The following table presents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of
December 31, 2013
(in thousands):
|
Fair Value at December 31, 2013
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Level 1
|
Level 2
|
Level 3
|
Total
|
||||||||||||
|
Interest rate swap asset
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
3,161
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
3,161
|
|
|||
|
Interest rate swap liability
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
(9,102
|
)
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
(9,102
|
)
|
|||
|
Total
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
(5,941
|
)
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
(5,941
|
)
|
|||
The fair values of the derivative financial instruments are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. The Company determined that the significant inputs, such as interest yield curves and discount rates, used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and that the credit valuation adjustments associated with the Company’s counterparties and its own credit risk utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. As of
December 31, 2014
, the Company assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and determined that the credit valuation adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
9.
Commitments and Contingencies
Ground Leases
The Residence Inn Chicago Oak Brook is subject to a ground lease with an initial term that expires on March 6, 2100. During the initial term of the ground lease, the total rent is
$1.6 million
, which was paid in a lump sum upon commencement of the ground lease in 2001. After the initial term, we may extend the ground lease for an additional renewal term of
99
years for
$1
. Under certain circumstances set forth in the ground lease, we have the option to acquire the land underlying the Residence Inn Chicago Oak Brook.
The Marriott Louisville Downtown is subject to a ground lease with an initial term extending out to 2053. The ground lease may be extended for up to
four
additional
twenty-five
year terms at the Company's option. The annual ground rent is one dollar; however, the property is subject to an annual profit participation payment based on net income as calculated based on the terms of the ground lease. For the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, no liability was incurred for profit participation.
F-23
The Courtyard Austin Downtown Convention Center and Residence Inn Austin Downtown Convention Center are subject to a ground lease with a term extending to 2100. The annual ground rent is
$0.4 million
; however, the properties are subject to an annual profit participation payment based on gross revenue as calculated based on the terms of the ground lease. For the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, approximately
$0.5 million
,
$0.5 million
and
$0.3 million
, respectively, was incurred for contingent rent.
The Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington is subject to a ground lease with an initial term extending to 2053. The ground lease automatically extends for up to
five
additional
ten
-year terms unless certain conditions are met. A de minimis minimum rent payment is to be paid in ten equal annual installments commencing with the twentieth anniversary of the leases' inception. No other payments are required under the terms of the ground lease.
The Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington is subject to an agreement to lease parking spaces with an initial term extending to 2033. The agreement to lease parking spaces may be extended if certain events occur. The agreement provides for a monthly rental payment based on city ordinance rates (at
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
the rate was de minimis) and the number of parking spaces reserved for the exclusive use of the hotel, plus amounts based on actual usage in excess of the reserved spaces. For each of the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, approximately
$0.1 million
of rent was paid.
The Hampton Inn Garden City is subject to a ground lease with an initial term extending to 2016. The lease is associated with an agreement for payment in lieu of taxes and will revert to fee simple ownership at the end of the ground lease. A de minimis rent payment is to be paid annually. In addition, an annual compliance fee of
$1
is required under the terms of the ground lease.
The Courtyard Charleston Historic District is subject to a ground lease with a term extending to 2096. The annual ground rent is
$0.8 million
until 2021, after which the annual base rent increases periodically during the term of the ground lease to a maximum of
$1.0 million
. The annual ground rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis. In addition to base rent, the property is subject to a contingent rent payment based on gross quarterly collected room revenue (for no more than
126
rooms per night), as calculated based on the terms of the ground lease. For the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, approximately
$0.1 million
,
$0.1 million
and
$0.1 million
, respectively, was incurred for contingent rent.
The Courtyard Waikiki Beach is subject to a ground lease with a term extending to 2112. The annual ground rent is
$3.5 million
through 2016, after which the annual rent shall increase by the increase, if any, in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) from the immediately preceding calendar year. The increase is limited to
5.0%
per annum for the first 10 years in which the annual rent is subject to increase, and
6.0%
per annum during the seven subsequent years in which the annual rent is subject to increase. Thereafter, there is no cap on the increase in the CPI. The acquisition of the Courtyard Waikiki Beach resulted in an above market ground lease intangible of
$7.9 million
, which is being amortized over the term of the ground lease as a reduction to ground rent expense. For the years ended
December 31, 2014
and
2013
,
$3.5 million
and
$1.8 million
, respectively, of ground rent expense was incurred. There was
no
ground rent expense in 2012 as this property was acquired in 2013.
As of
December 31, 2014
, future minimum ground lease payments are as follows (in thousands):
|
2015
|
2016
|
2017
|
2018
|
2019
|
Thereafter
|
Total
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Future minimum ground lease payments
|
$
|
4,650
|
|
$
|
4,650
|
|
$
|
4,650
|
|
$
|
4,650
|
|
$
|
4,650
|
|
$
|
424,143
|
|
$
|
447,393
|
|
||||||
Restricted Cash Reserves
The Company is obligated to maintain reserve funds for capital expenditures at the hotels (including the periodic replacement or refurbishment of FF&E) as determined pursuant to the management agreements, franchise agreements and/or mortgage loan documents. The management agreements, franchise agreements and/or mortgage loan documents require the Company to reserve restricted cash ranging from
1.0%
to
5.0%
of the individual hotel’s revenues and maintain the reserves in restricted cash reserve escrows. Any unexpended amounts will remain the property of the Company upon termination of the management agreements, franchise agreements or mortgage loan documents. Additionally, some loan agreements require the Company to reserve restricted cash for the periodic payment of real estate taxes and insurance. As of
December 31, 2014
and
December 31, 2013
, approximately
$63.1 million
and
$62.4 million
, respectively, was available in restricted cash reserves for future capital expenditures, real estate taxes and insurance.
F-24
Litigation
Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries are currently involved in any regulatory or legal proceedings that management believes will have a material adverse effect on the financial position, operations or liquidity of the Company.
Data Breach
During the first quarter of 2014, one of the Company's third-party hotel managers notified the Company of a data breach that occurred over a nine-month period ending in December 2013 at 14 of the hotels that it manages, including seven hotels that are owned by the Company. An analysis of the data breach revealed that hackers installed memory scraping malware on food and beverage point of sale systems that was designed to capture credit card data. During the period of the breach, it appears that information from approximately 95,000 credit cards could have been collected by the malware. The third-party hotel manager is cooperating with the relevant authorities in their investigations of this criminal cyber-attack. The Company and its third-party hotel manager are also taking steps to assess and further strengthen information security systems.
The Company believes that each of the credit card companies impacted may seek to impose fines, fees or assessments in connection with the breach against various parties, including the Company. The Company may also incur other costs, including legal fees and other professional services fees, related to investigating the breach. Because the investigation into the matter is ongoing and certain factual and legal questions remain unanswered, the Company is unable to estimate with certainty the total costs, fines, fees or assessments that may be associated with any potential claims; however, the Company currently believes that any amounts that the Company may ultimately be required to pay as a result of this incident will not be material to the results of operations.
Management Agreements
As of
December 31, 2014
,
144
of the Company's hotel properties were operated pursuant to long-term agreements with initial terms ranging from
3
to
25
years, with
16
management companies as follows in the table below. This number includes five and ten hotels that receive the benefits of a franchise agreement pursuant to management agreements with Marriott and Hyatt, respectively.
|
Management Company
|
Number of
Hotels |
|
Aimbridge Hospitality
|
2
|
|
Concord Hospitality Enterprises Company
|
1
|
|
Crescent Hotels and Resorts
|
1
|
|
Crestline Hotels and Resorts
|
1
|
|
Davidson Hotels and Resorts
|
1
|
|
Embassy Suites Management
|
3
|
|
HEI Hotels and Resorts
|
1
|
|
Highgate Hotels
|
6
|
|
Hyatt Corporation and affiliates
|
10
|
|
Interstate Hotels and Resorts (1)
|
10
|
|
InnVentures
|
1
|
|
K Partners Hospitality Group
|
1
|
|
Marriott Hotel Services
|
5
|
|
Sage Hospitality
|
4
|
|
Urgo Hotels
|
4
|
|
WLS
|
93
|
|
144
|
|
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
Includes agreements entered into with Noble Management Group, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Interstate Hotels and Resorts.
|
Each management company receives a base management fee generally between
2.5%
and
4.0%
of hotel revenues. Management agreements that include the benefits of a franchise agreement incur a base management fee generally between
5.0%
and
7.0%
of hotel revenues. The management companies are also eligible to receive an incentive management fee if
F-25
hotel operating income, as defined in the management agreements, exceeds certain thresholds. The incentive management fee is generally calculated as a percentage of hotel operating income after the Company has received a priority return on their investment in the hotel.
For the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, the Company incurred management fee expense, including amortization of deferred management fees, of approximately
$43.2 million
,
$35.0 million
and
$29.9 million
, respectively, (excluding discontinued operations).
Franchise Agreements
As of
December 31, 2014
,
129
of the Company's hotel properties are operated under franchise agreements with initial terms ranging from
10
to
30
years. This number excludes five and ten hotels that receive the benefits of a franchise agreement pursuant to management agreements with Marriott and Hyatt, respectively. Franchise agreements allow the properties to operate under the respective brands. Pursuant to the franchise agreements, the Company pays a royalty fee, generally between
3.0%
and
6.0%
of room revenue, plus additional fees for marketing, central reservation systems and other franchisor costs that amount to between
1.0%
and
4.3%
of room revenue. Certain hotels are also charged a royalty fee of between
1.0%
and
3.0%
of food and beverage revenues. For the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, the Company incurred franchise fee expense of approximately
$71.6 million
,
$64.2 million
and
$55.4 million
, respectively (excluding discontinued operations), which is included in other property operating expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
10. Equity
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest
Under the original declaration of trust of the Company, the total number of shares initially authorized for issuance was
100,000
common shares. At formation, the Company issued to each of its
two
initial shareholders
500
common shares at
$1
per share, which shares were subsequently redeemed. On May 5, 2011, the declaration of trust was amended to authorize the issuance of up to
450,000,000
common shares.
On March 25, 2013, the Company issued and sold
15,870,000
common shares of beneficial interest,
$0.01
par value per share, at a price per share of
$21.60
for total gross proceeds of
$342.8 million
. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of approximately
$327.5 million
. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering to repay amounts outstanding on its unsecured revolving credit facility, to repay mortgage indebtedness and for general corporate purposes.
On May 22, 2014, the Company issued and sold
9,200,000
common shares of beneficial interest,
$0.01
par value per share, at a price per share of
$26.45
, for total gross proceeds of
$243.3
million. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of approximately
$232.7 million
.
Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest
Under the declaration of trust of the Company, the total number of shares initially authorized for issuance was
10,000
preferred shares. On May 5, 2011, the declaration of trust was amended to authorize the issuance of up to
50,000,000
preferred shares. As of both
December 31, 2014
and
2013
, respectively, there were no preferred shares of beneficial interest outstanding.
Noncontrolling Interest in Joint Venture
As of
December 31, 2014
, the Company consolidated DBT Met Hotel Venture, LP, a majority-owned limited partnership that has a third-party partner that owns a noncontrolling
1.9%
ownership interest. The third-party partnership interest is included in noncontrolling interest in joint venture on the balance sheet.
Noncontrolling Interest in Operating Partnership
The Company consolidated its Operating Partnership, a majority owned limited partnership that has a noncontrolling ownership interest and is included in noncontrolling interest in Operating Partnership on the balance sheet. As of
December 31, 2014
, the Operating Partnership had
132,858,706
OP units outstanding, of which
99.3%
were owned by the Company and its subsidiaries and
0.7%
were owned by other limited partners.
The outstanding OP units held by limited partners are redeemable for cash, or at the option of the Company, for a like number of common shares of beneficial interest of the Company.
F-26
11
.
Equity Incentive Plan
The Company may issue equity-based awards to officers, employees, non-employee trustees and other eligible persons under the 2011 Plan. The 2011 Plan provides for a maximum of
5,000,000
common shares of beneficial interest to be issued in the form of share options, share appreciation rights, restricted share awards, unrestricted share awards, share units, dividend equivalent rights, long-term incentive units, other equity-based awards and cash bonus awards.
Share Awards
From time to time, the Company may award non-vested restricted shares under the 2011 Plan, as compensation to officers, employees and non-employee trustees. The shares issued to officers and employees vest over a period of time as determined by the board of trustees at the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense for non-vested shares on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based upon the fair market value of the shares on the date of issuance, adjusted for forfeitures.
The Company may also award unrestricted shares under the 2011 Plan as compensation to non-employee trustees that would otherwise be paid in cash for their services. The shares issued to trustees are unrestricted and include no vesting conditions. The Company recognizes compensation expense for the unrestricted shares issued in lieu of cash compensation on the date of issuance based upon the fair market value of the shares on that date.
A summary of the non-vested shares as of
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
is as follows:
|
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
Number of
Shares |
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value |
Number of
Shares |
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value |
Number of
Shares |
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value |
||||||||||||||
|
Unvested at January 1,
|
932,800
|
|
$
|
18.99
|
|
1,013,673
|
|
$
|
17.80
|
|
970,288
|
|
$
|
17.93
|
|
|||||
|
Granted (1)
|
348,234
|
|
24.46
|
|
383,187
|
|
21.25
|
|
445,176
|
|
17.23
|
|
||||||||
|
Vested (1)
|
(537,988
|
)
|
19.44
|
|
(458,808
|
)
|
18.24
|
|
(374,913
|
)
|
17.46
|
|
||||||||
|
Forfeited
|
(11,587
|
)
|
22.89
|
|
(5,252
|
)
|
20.07
|
|
(26,878
|
)
|
17.80
|
|
||||||||
|
Unvested at December 31,
|
731,459
|
|
$
|
21.21
|
|
932,800
|
|
$
|
18.99
|
|
1,013,673
|
|
$
|
17.80
|
|
|||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
(1)
|
For the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, respectively, includes
4,347
,
5,357
and
8,530
unrestricted shares issued in lieu of cash compensation to non-employee trustees at a weighted average grant date fair value of
$29.31
,
$23.20
and
$18.75
, respectively.
|
For the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, the Company recognized approximately
$10.6 million
,
$8.6 million
and
$6.7 million
, respectively, of share-based compensation expense related to restricted share awards. As of
December 31, 2014
, there was
$14.2 million
of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested share awards and these costs are expected to be primarily recognized over a weighted-average period of
2.2
years. The total fair value of shares vested (calculated as number of shares multiplied by vesting date share price) during the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
was approximately
$15.5 million
,
$10.5 million
and
$6.5 million
, respectively.
Performance Units
The Company awarded performance units to certain employees under the 2011 Plan. The performance units vest over a
four
-year period, including
three years
of performance-based vesting ("measurement period") plus an additional
one year
of time-based vesting.
As of
December 31, 2014
, there were
1.0 million
unvested performance units outstanding with a weighted average grant date fair value of
$15.36
per performance unit.
For the year ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, the Company recognized
$4.5 million
,
$4.5 million
and
$1.9 million
, respectively, of share-based compensation expense related to performance unit awards. As of
December 31, 2014
, there was
$4.5 million
of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the performance units and these costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of
1.1
years.
F-27
As of
December 31, 2014
, there were
2,741,480
common shares available for future grant under the 2011 Plan. Any performance units that convert into restricted shares will reduce the number of common shares available for future grant under the 2011 Plan.
12.
Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period excluding the weighted average number of unvested restricted shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus any shares that could potentially be outstanding during the period. Potential shares consist of unvested restricted share grants and unvested performance units, calculated using the treasury stock method. Any anti-dilutive shares have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation.
Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating shares and are considered in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. If there were any undistributed earnings allocable to participating shares, they would be deducted from net income attributable to common shareholders utilized in the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations.
For the years ended
December 31, 2014
and
2012
no earnings representing undistributed earnings were allocated to participating shares because the Company paid dividends in excess of net income. For the
year ended December 31, 2013
, approximately
$0.1 million
represented undistributed earnings that were allocable to participating shares.
The limited partners’ outstanding limited partnership units in the Operating Partnership (which may be redeemed for common shares of beneficial interest under certain circumstances) have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as there was no effect on the amounts for the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
, since the limited partners’ share of income would also be added back to net income attributable to common shareholders.
F-28
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):
|
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
||||||||
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders, including gain on disposal of hotel properties
|
$
|
135,441
|
|
$
|
105,539
|
|
$
|
43,423
|
|
||
|
Add: Income (loss) from discontinued operations
|
—
|
|
7,382
|
|
(2,125
|
)
|
|||||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
135,441
|
|
112,921
|
|
41,298
|
|
|||||
|
Less: Dividends paid on unvested restricted shares
|
(951
|
)
|
(936
|
)
|
(802
|
)
|
|||||
|
Less: Undistributed earnings attributable to unvested restricted shares
|
—
|
|
(61
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
|
$
|
134,490
|
|
$
|
111,924
|
|
$
|
40,496
|
|
||
|
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Weighted-average number of common shares - basic
|
127,360,669
|
|
117,950,066
|
|
105,423,604
|
|
|||||
|
Unvested restricted shares
|
316,020
|
|
251,217
|
|
59,587
|
|
|||||
|
Unvested performance units
|
617,154
|
|
537,343
|
|
265,495
|
|
|||||
|
Weighted-average number of common shares - diluted
|
128,293,843
|
|
118,738,626
|
|
105,748,686
|
|
|||||
|
Basic per common share data:
|
|||||||||||
|
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders before discontinued operations - basic
|
$
|
1.06
|
|
$
|
0.89
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
||
|
Discontinued operations
|
—
|
|
0.06
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|||||
|
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - basic
|
$
|
1.06
|
|
$
|
0.95
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
||
|
Diluted per common share data:
|
|||||||||||
|
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders before discontinued operations - diluted
|
$
|
1.05
|
|
$
|
0.88
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
||
|
Discontinued operations
|
—
|
|
0.06
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|||||
|
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - diluted
|
$
|
1.05
|
|
$
|
0.94
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
||
F-29
13. Income Taxes
For federal income tax purposes, the cash distributions paid for the years ended
December 31, 2014
and
2013
are characterized as follows:
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
||||
|
Common distributions
|
|||||
|
Ordinary income
|
100.0
|
%
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
Return of capital
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
Capital gains
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
100.0
|
%
|
||
The components of the income tax provision from continuing operations are as follows (in thousands):
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|||||||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
|||||||||
|
Current:
|
|||||||||||
|
Federal
|
$
|
(244
|
)
|
$
|
(323
|
)
|
$
|
(50
|
)
|
||
|
State
|
(1,543
|
)
|
(1,439
|
)
|
(1,381
|
)
|
|||||
|
Deferred:
|
|||||||||||
|
Federal
|
572
|
|
830
|
|
64
|
|
|||||
|
State
|
70
|
|
53
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|||||
|
Total net tax expense
|
$
|
(1,145
|
)
|
$
|
(879
|
)
|
$
|
(1,369
|
)
|
||
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pretax income from continuing operations for the years ended
December 31, 2014
,
2013
and
2012
as a result of the following differences (in thousands):
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|||||||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
|||||||||
|
Expected federal tax expense at statutory rate
|
$
|
(47,906
|
)
|
$
|
(40,271
|
)
|
$
|
(14,952
|
)
|
||
|
Tax impact of REIT election
|
45,842
|
|
37,230
|
|
22,618
|
|
|||||
|
Expected tax (expense) benefit at TRS
|
(2,064
|
)
|
(3,041
|
)
|
7,666
|
|
|||||
|
Change in valuation allowance
|
2,203
|
|
3,612
|
|
(8,741
|
)
|
|||||
|
State income (expense) benefit, net of federal tax benefit
|
(1,273
|
)
|
(1,345
|
)
|
595
|
|
|||||
|
Impact of rate change
|
42
|
|
(94
|
)
|
146
|
|
|||||
|
Other permanent items
|
(418
|
)
|
(443
|
)
|
(394
|
)
|
|||||
|
Impact of acquired tax attributes
|
(5
|
)
|
361
|
|
(361
|
)
|
|||||
|
Impact of provision to return
|
370
|
|
71
|
|
(280
|
)
|
|||||
|
Income tax expense
|
$
|
(1,145
|
)
|
$
|
(879
|
)
|
$
|
(1,369
|
)
|
||
F-30
Deferred income taxes represent the tax effect from continuing operations of the differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets (liabilities) include the following (in thousands):
|
December 31,
|
|||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
||||||
|
Deferred tax liabilities:
|
|||||||
|
Property and equipment
|
$
|
(5,354
|
)
|
$
|
(1,787
|
)
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses
|
(2,362
|
)
|
(1,662
|
)
|
|||
|
Other - deferred tax liabilities
|
(163
|
)
|
(99
|
)
|
|||
|
Deferred tax liabilities
|
$
|
(7,879
|
)
|
$
|
(3,548
|
)
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets:
|
|||||||
|
Property and equipment
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
515
|
|
|
|
Deferred revenue - key money
|
1,429
|
|
1,478
|
|
|||
|
Incentive and vacation accrual
|
2,627
|
|
2,325
|
|
|||
|
Allowance for doubtful accounts
|
65
|
|
92
|
|
|||
|
Other - deferred tax assets
|
191
|
|
285
|
|
|||
|
Other carryforwards
|
158
|
|
106
|
|
|||
|
Net operating loss carryforwards
|
54,355
|
|
51,254
|
|
|||
|
Valuation allowance
|
(51,323
|
)
|
(53,526
|
)
|
|||
|
Deferred tax assets
|
$
|
7,502
|
|
$
|
2,529
|
|
|
The Company recorded a valuation allowance of approximately
$51.3 million
and
$53.5 million
related to its net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards and other deferred tax assets at
December 31, 2014
and
2013
, respectively, as the Company believed it was more likely than not that it would not realize the benefits associated with these NOLs and other deferred tax assets. The ability to carry forward the tax benefit of NOLs of approximately
$54.4 million
will begin to expire in 2026 for federal tax purposes and during the period from 2016 to 2026 for state tax purposes if not utilized. The Company’s TRS entities experienced a change of control as defined in Section 382 of the Code, the TRS’s ability to utilize NOLs in the years after the change in control will be limited.
The Company owns subsidiary TRSs which are not part of a consolidated tax return, these deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented on a combined basis and are not subject to a valuation allowance.
The net current and non-current components of deferred income taxes included in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):
|
December 31,
|
|||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
||||||
|
Current net deferred tax assets
|
$
|
616
|
|
$
|
263
|
|
|
|
Current net deferred tax liabilities
|
(2,524
|
)
|
(1,761
|
)
|
|||
|
Non-current net deferred tax assets
|
6,886
|
|
2,266
|
|
|||
|
Non-current net deferred tax liabilities
|
(5,355
|
)
|
(1,787
|
)
|
|||
|
Net deferred tax liability
|
$
|
(377
|
)
|
$
|
(1,019
|
)
|
|
The Company had no accruals for tax uncertainties as of
December 31, 2014
and
December 31, 2013
.
14. Segment Information
The Company separately evaluates the performance of each of its hotels. However, because each of the hotels has similar economic characteristics, facilities, and services, the properties have been aggregated into a single operating segment.
F-31
15
.
Supplemental Information to Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands)
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
|||||||||||
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
|||||||||
|
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest
|
$
|
52,424
|
|
$
|
59,826
|
|
$
|
79,376
|
|
||
|
Income taxes paid
|
$
|
2,111
|
|
$
|
1,420
|
|
$
|
1,598
|
|
||
|
Supplemental investing and financing transactions:
|
|||||||||||
|
In conjunction with the acquisitions, the Company recorded the following:
|
|||||||||||
|
Purchase of real estate
|
$
|
631,950
|
|
$
|
228,573
|
|
$
|
247,158
|
|
||
|
Accounts receivable
|
807
|
|
740
|
|
164
|
|
|||||
|
Other assets
|
1,671
|
|
957
|
|
728
|
|
|||||
|
Advance deposits
|
(659
|
)
|
(313
|
)
|
(224
|
)
|
|||||
|
Accounts payable and other liabilities
|
(2,129
|
)
|
(12,168
|
)
|
(777
|
)
|
|||||
|
Receipt of assets in full satisfaction
|
—
|
|
(4,731
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Gain on foreclosure
|
—
|
|
(4,863
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Acquisition of hotel and other properties
|
$
|
631,640
|
|
$
|
208,195
|
|
$
|
247,049
|
|
||
|
In conjunction with the dispositions, the Company recorded the following:
|
|||||||||||
|
Disposal of hotel properties
|
$
|
137,829
|
|
$
|
2,500
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
||
|
Closing costs
|
(3,634
|
)
|
(140
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Operating prorations
|
(1,526
|
)
|
9
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Proceeds from the disposal of hotel properties, net
|
$
|
132,669
|
|
$
|
2,369
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
||
|
Supplemental non-cash transactions:
|
|||||||||||
|
Change in fair market value of designated interest rate swaps
|
$
|
(7,703
|
)
|
$
|
(5,941
|
)
|
$
|
1,326
|
|
||
|
Accrued capital expenditures
|
$
|
9,641
|
|
$
|
10,610
|
|
$
|
4,563
|
|
||
|
Distributions payable
|
$
|
42,114
|
|
$
|
30,870
|
|
$
|
22,392
|
|
||
16.
Subsequent Events
In February
2015
, the Company sold
20
properties for a total sales price of approximately
$230.3 million
.
F-32
17. Quarterly Operating Results (unaudited)
The Company's unaudited condensed consolidated quarterly operating data for the years ended
December 31, 2014
and
2013
follows (in thousands, except share and per share data). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of quarterly results have been reflected in the data. It is also management's opinion, however, that quarterly operating data for hotels enterprises are not indicative of results to be achieved in succeeding years or quarters. In order to obtain a more accurate indication of performance, there should be a review of operating results, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for a period of several years.
|
Year ended December 31, 2014
|
|||||||||||||||
|
First Quarter
|
Second Quarter
|
Third Quarter
|
Fourth Quarter
|
||||||||||||
|
Total revenue
|
$
|
236,373
|
|
$
|
295,047
|
|
$
|
297,666
|
|
$
|
280,111
|
|
|||
|
Income from continuing operations, including gain on disposal of hotel properties
|
$
|
11,985
|
|
$
|
53,361
|
|
$
|
37,064
|
|
$
|
34,070
|
|
|||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
11,932
|
|
$
|
52,904
|
|
$
|
36,760
|
|
$
|
33,845
|
|
|||
|
Comprehensive income
|
$
|
10,571
|
|
$
|
45,991
|
|
$
|
42,327
|
|
$
|
28,849
|
|
|||
|
Basic per share data:
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Income from continuing operations, including gain on disposal of hotel properties
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
$
|
0.42
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
$
|
0.26
|
|
|||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
$
|
0.42
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
$
|
0.26
|
|
|||
|
Diluted per share data:
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Income from continuing operations, including gain on disposal of hotel properties
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
$
|
0.42
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
|||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
$
|
0.42
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
|||
|
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
|
121,740,962
|
|
125,260,607
|
|
131,106,440
|
|
131,189,673
|
|
|||||||
|
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
|
122,867,755
|
|
126,475,051
|
|
132,386,843
|
|
132,186,832
|
|
|||||||
|
Year ended December 31, 2013
|
|||||||||||||||
|
First Quarter
|
Second Quarter
|
Third Quarter
|
Fourth Quarter
|
||||||||||||
|
Total revenue
|
$
|
214,870
|
|
$
|
260,823
|
|
$
|
252,116
|
|
$
|
242,571
|
|
|||
|
Income from continuing operations
|
$
|
8,803
|
|
$
|
38,571
|
|
$
|
33,774
|
|
$
|
25,595
|
|
|||
|
Discontinued operations
|
$
|
(219
|
)
|
$
|
2,410
|
|
$
|
3,158
|
|
$
|
2,087
|
|
|||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
8,491
|
|
$
|
40,510
|
|
$
|
36,475
|
|
$
|
27,445
|
|
|||
|
Comprehensive income
|
$
|
8,016
|
|
$
|
45,514
|
|
$
|
20,513
|
|
$
|
32,937
|
|
|||
|
Basic per share data:
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Income from continuing operations
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
$
|
0.32
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
$
|
0.21
|
|
|||
|
Discontinued operations
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
|||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
$
|
0.34
|
|
$
|
0.31
|
|
$
|
0.22
|
|
|||
|
Diluted per share data:
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Income from continuing operations
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
$
|
0.32
|
|
$
|
0.27
|
|
$
|
0.21
|
|
|||
|
Discontinued operations
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
|||
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
$
|
0.34
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
$
|
0.22
|
|
|||
|
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
|
106,815,375
|
|
121,520,253
|
|
121,594,219
|
|
121,667,166
|
|
|||||||
|
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
|
107,423,195
|
|
122,280,431
|
|
122,750,121
|
|
122,540,253
|
|
|||||||
F-33
RLJ Lodging Trust
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2014
(amounts in thousands)
|
Initial Costs
|
Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
|
Gross Amount at December 31, 2014
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Description
|
Debt
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Building &
Improvements
|
Land, Building &
Improvements
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Buildings &
Improvements
|
Total (1)
|
Accumulated
Depreciation
|
Date
Acquired
|
Depreciation
Life
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Marriott Austin South
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
2,253
|
|
$
|
16,522
|
|
$
|
1,429
|
|
$
|
2,253
|
|
$
|
17,951
|
|
$
|
20,204
|
|
$
|
3,760
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||
|
Marriott Denver South @ Park Meadows
|
—
|
|
5,385
|
|
39,488
|
|
1,938
|
|
5,385
|
|
41,426
|
|
46,811
|
|
8,756
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Marriott Louisville Downtown
|
73,000
|
|
—
|
|
89,541
|
|
3,547
|
|
—
|
|
93,088
|
|
93,088
|
|
19,417
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Marriott Chicago Midway
|
—
|
|
4,464
|
|
32,736
|
|
1,900
|
|
4,474
|
|
34,626
|
|
39,100
|
|
7,320
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Renaissance Boulder Flatiron Hotel
|
—
|
|
4,440
|
|
32,557
|
|
1,569
|
|
4,460
|
|
34,106
|
|
38,566
|
|
7,132
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Renaissance Fort Lauderdale Plantation Hotel
|
—
|
|
4,842
|
|
35,517
|
|
1,863
|
|
4,842
|
|
37,380
|
|
42,222
|
|
7,785
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Austin Northwest Arboretum
|
—
|
|
1,443
|
|
10,585
|
|
1,489
|
|
1,446
|
|
12,071
|
|
13,517
|
|
2,483
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Austin South
|
4,780
|
|
1,530
|
|
11,222
|
|
1,324
|
|
1,533
|
|
12,543
|
|
14,076
|
|
2,602
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Chicago Downtown Magnificent Mile
|
31,695
|
|
8,140
|
|
59,696
|
|
2,360
|
|
8,140
|
|
62,056
|
|
70,196
|
|
12,979
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Denver West Golden
|
6,023
|
|
1,325
|
|
9,716
|
|
1,218
|
|
1,325
|
|
10,934
|
|
12,259
|
|
2,215
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Chicago Southeast Hammond
|
—
|
|
1,038
|
|
7,616
|
|
1,271
|
|
1,042
|
|
8,883
|
|
9,925
|
|
1,818
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Indianapolis @ The Capitol
|
—
|
|
2,482
|
|
18,207
|
|
1,240
|
|
2,482
|
|
19,447
|
|
21,929
|
|
4,020
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Boulder Longmont
|
5,364
|
|
1,192
|
|
8,745
|
|
864
|
|
1,192
|
|
9,609
|
|
10,801
|
|
1,998
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Boulder Louisville
|
8,142
|
|
1,640
|
|
12,025
|
|
1,443
|
|
1,642
|
|
13,466
|
|
15,108
|
|
2,759
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Louisville Northeast
|
—
|
|
1,374
|
|
10,079
|
|
767
|
|
1,376
|
|
10,844
|
|
12,220
|
|
2,288
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Midway Airport
|
8,406
|
|
2,172
|
|
15,927
|
|
2,126
|
|
2,176
|
|
18,049
|
|
20,225
|
|
4,300
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard South Bend Mishawaka
|
—
|
|
640
|
|
4,699
|
|
1,232
|
|
642
|
|
5,929
|
|
6,571
|
|
1,344
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Salt Lake City Airport
|
—
|
|
2,333
|
|
17,110
|
|
1,328
|
|
2,333
|
|
18,438
|
|
20,771
|
|
3,751
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Houston Sugarland
|
—
|
|
1,217
|
|
8,931
|
|
1,084
|
|
1,217
|
|
10,015
|
|
11,232
|
|
2,012
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
F-34
|
Initial Costs
|
Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
|
Gross Amount at December 31, 2014
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Description
|
Debt
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Building &
Improvements
|
Land, Building &
Improvements
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Buildings &
Improvements
|
Total (1)
|
Accumulated
Depreciation
|
Date
Acquired
|
Depreciation
Life
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Fort Lauderdale SW Miramar
|
—
|
|
1,619
|
|
11,872
|
|
1,143
|
|
1,619
|
|
13,015
|
|
14,634
|
|
2,285
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Austin Downtown Convention Center
|
49,200
|
|
6,049
|
|
44,361
|
|
1,477
|
|
6,049
|
|
45,838
|
|
51,887
|
|
8,146
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Austin Airport
|
—
|
|
1,691
|
|
12,404
|
|
1,782
|
|
1,749
|
|
14,128
|
|
15,877
|
|
2,356
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Austin Northwest Arboretum
|
—
|
|
1,403
|
|
10,290
|
|
1,855
|
|
1,403
|
|
12,145
|
|
13,548
|
|
2,279
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Austin South
|
—
|
|
802
|
|
5,883
|
|
807
|
|
802
|
|
6,690
|
|
7,492
|
|
1,324
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Austin North Parmer Lane
|
7,037
|
|
1,483
|
|
10,872
|
|
572
|
|
1,483
|
|
11,444
|
|
12,927
|
|
2,352
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Indianapolis Fishers
|
—
|
|
998
|
|
7,322
|
|
955
|
|
998
|
|
8,277
|
|
9,275
|
|
1,646
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Denver West Golden
|
6,162
|
|
1,222
|
|
8,963
|
|
660
|
|
1,222
|
|
9,623
|
|
10,845
|
|
1,918
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Chicago Southeast Hammond
|
—
|
|
980
|
|
7,190
|
|
918
|
|
980
|
|
8,108
|
|
9,088
|
|
1,615
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Houston By The Galleria
|
—
|
|
2,665
|
|
19,549
|
|
2,609
|
|
2,665
|
|
22,158
|
|
24,823
|
|
4,351
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Indianapolis Downtown On The Canal
|
—
|
|
2,670
|
|
19,588
|
|
1,867
|
|
2,670
|
|
21,455
|
|
24,125
|
|
4,400
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Longmont Boulder
|
6,164
|
|
1,407
|
|
10,321
|
|
779
|
|
1,407
|
|
11,100
|
|
12,507
|
|
2,251
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Boulder Louisville
|
—
|
|
1,298
|
|
9,519
|
|
923
|
|
1,298
|
|
10,442
|
|
11,740
|
|
2,104
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Louisville Northeast
|
6,782
|
|
1,319
|
|
9,675
|
|
730
|
|
1,319
|
|
10,405
|
|
11,724
|
|
2,072
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Merrillville
|
—
|
|
595
|
|
4,372
|
|
1,243
|
|
595
|
|
5,615
|
|
6,210
|
|
1,321
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Detroit Novi
|
6,214
|
|
1,427
|
|
10,445
|
|
91
|
|
1,427
|
|
10,536
|
|
11,963
|
|
2,225
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Chicago Oak Brook
|
10,140
|
|
—
|
|
20,436
|
|
829
|
|
—
|
|
21,265
|
|
21,265
|
|
4,407
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Fort Lauderdale Plantation
|
—
|
|
2,183
|
|
16,021
|
|
1,041
|
|
2,295
|
|
16,950
|
|
19,245
|
|
3,925
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Salt Lake City Airport
|
—
|
|
875
|
|
6,416
|
|
1,170
|
|
875
|
|
7,586
|
|
8,461
|
|
1,457
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn San Antonio Downtown Market Sq
|
—
|
|
1,822
|
|
13,360
|
|
2,241
|
|
1,822
|
|
15,601
|
|
17,423
|
|
2,999
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
F-35
|
Initial Costs
|
Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
|
Gross Amount at December 31, 2014
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Description
|
Debt
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Building &
Improvements
|
Land, Building &
Improvements
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Buildings &
Improvements
|
Total (1)
|
Accumulated
Depreciation
|
Date
Acquired
|
Depreciation
Life
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn South Bend
|
—
|
|
603
|
|
4,425
|
|
459
|
|
603
|
|
4,884
|
|
5,487
|
|
997
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Houston Sugarland
|
—
|
|
1,100
|
|
8,073
|
|
1,315
|
|
1,100
|
|
9,388
|
|
10,488
|
|
1,941
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Chicago Naperville
|
8,830
|
|
1,923
|
|
14,101
|
|
838
|
|
1,923
|
|
14,939
|
|
16,862
|
|
3,138
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Louisville Downtown
|
—
|
|
1,815
|
|
13,308
|
|
744
|
|
1,815
|
|
14,052
|
|
15,867
|
|
2,712
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Fort Lauderdale SW Miramar
|
—
|
|
1,692
|
|
12,409
|
|
1,467
|
|
1,692
|
|
13,876
|
|
15,568
|
|
2,366
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Austin Downtown Convention Center
|
32,800
|
|
3,767
|
|
27,626
|
|
620
|
|
3,767
|
|
28,246
|
|
32,013
|
|
5,054
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
SpringHill Suites Austin North Parmer Lane
|
6,164
|
|
1,957
|
|
14,351
|
|
577
|
|
1,957
|
|
14,928
|
|
16,885
|
|
3,096
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
SpringHill Suites Austin South
|
—
|
|
1,605
|
|
11,768
|
|
719
|
|
1,605
|
|
12,487
|
|
14,092
|
|
2,551
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
SpringHill Suites Louisville Hurstbourne North
|
7,302
|
|
1,890
|
|
13,869
|
|
929
|
|
1,890
|
|
14,798
|
|
16,688
|
|
3,070
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
SpringHill Suites South Bend Mishawaka
|
5,049
|
|
983
|
|
7,217
|
|
263
|
|
983
|
|
7,480
|
|
8,463
|
|
1,693
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
SpringHill Suites Denver North Westminster
|
9,122
|
|
2,409
|
|
17,670
|
|
1,120
|
|
2,409
|
|
18,790
|
|
21,199
|
|
3,943
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
SpringHill Suites Boulder Longmont
|
—
|
|
1,144
|
|
8,388
|
|
694
|
|
1,144
|
|
9,082
|
|
10,226
|
|
1,745
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Austin South Airport
|
—
|
|
505
|
|
3,702
|
|
474
|
|
505
|
|
4,176
|
|
4,681
|
|
819
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Denver Cherry Creek
|
—
|
|
1,203
|
|
8,823
|
|
1,255
|
|
1,203
|
|
10,078
|
|
11,281
|
|
2,042
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Chicago SE Hammond
|
—
|
|
722
|
|
5,301
|
|
1,098
|
|
722
|
|
6,399
|
|
7,121
|
|
1,229
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Key West
|
—
|
|
1,803
|
|
19,325
|
|
3,054
|
|
1,853
|
|
22,329
|
|
24,182
|
|
4,030
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Chicago Midway Airport
|
4,561
|
|
1,425
|
|
10,449
|
|
210
|
|
1,425
|
|
10,659
|
|
12,084
|
|
2,257
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites San Antonio Dwntn Mkt
|
—
|
|
1,378
|
|
10,105
|
|
926
|
|
1,378
|
|
11,031
|
|
12,409
|
|
2,218
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Valparaiso
|
—
|
|
157
|
|
1,157
|
|
136
|
|
157
|
|
1,293
|
|
1,450
|
|
332
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
F-36
|
Initial Costs
|
Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
|
Gross Amount at December 31, 2014
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Description
|
Debt
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Building &
Improvements
|
Land, Building &
Improvements
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Buildings &
Improvements
|
Total (1)
|
Accumulated
Depreciation
|
Date
Acquired
|
Depreciation
Life
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Holiday Inn Express Merrillville
|
—
|
|
545
|
|
4,005
|
|
87
|
|
545
|
|
4,092
|
|
4,637
|
|
873
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hampton Inn Chicago Midway Airport
|
—
|
|
2,747
|
|
20,143
|
|
2,288
|
|
2,747
|
|
22,431
|
|
25,178
|
|
4,534
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton Garden Inn Chicago Midway Airport
|
—
|
|
2,978
|
|
21,842
|
|
953
|
|
2,978
|
|
22,795
|
|
25,773
|
|
4,746
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Sleep Inn Midway Airport
|
—
|
|
1,189
|
|
8,718
|
|
1,576
|
|
1,189
|
|
10,294
|
|
11,483
|
|
2,223
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Holiday Inn Express & Suites Midway Airport
|
—
|
|
1,874
|
|
13,742
|
|
231
|
|
1,874
|
|
13,973
|
|
15,847
|
|
2,987
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington
|
17,500
|
|
—
|
|
18,945
|
|
896
|
|
—
|
|
19,841
|
|
19,841
|
|
2,904
|
|
2009
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
TGI Friday's Chicago Midway
|
2,107
|
|
829
|
|
6,139
|
|
180
|
|
829
|
|
6,319
|
|
7,148
|
|
1,325
|
|
2006
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
SpringHill Suites Bakersfield
|
—
|
|
1,560
|
|
8,838
|
|
227
|
|
1,575
|
|
9,050
|
|
10,625
|
|
1,885
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hampton Inn Suites Clearwater St Petersburg Ulmerton Road
|
—
|
|
1,106
|
|
12,721
|
|
1,069
|
|
1,114
|
|
13,782
|
|
14,896
|
|
2,445
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hampton Inn Garden City
|
—
|
|
5,691
|
|
22,764
|
|
634
|
|
5,717
|
|
23,372
|
|
29,089
|
|
4,344
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Houston By The Galleria
|
26,000
|
|
3,069
|
|
22,508
|
|
33
|
|
3,069
|
|
22,541
|
|
25,610
|
|
4,175
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hampton Inn Fort Walton Beach
|
—
|
|
8,774
|
|
6,109
|
|
1,026
|
|
8,841
|
|
7,068
|
|
15,909
|
|
1,234
|
|
2007
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Embassy Suites Los Angeles Downey
|
21,707
|
|
4,857
|
|
29,943
|
|
3,835
|
|
4,946
|
|
33,689
|
|
38,635
|
|
5,506
|
|
2008
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House Austin Arboretum
|
10,163
|
|
2,813
|
|
15,940
|
|
909
|
|
2,813
|
|
16,849
|
|
19,662
|
|
2,610
|
|
2008
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House Dallas Lincoln Park
|
17,168
|
|
3,169
|
|
17,958
|
|
480
|
|
3,250
|
|
18,357
|
|
21,607
|
|
2,981
|
|
2008
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House Dallas Uptown
|
12,136
|
|
2,241
|
|
12,698
|
|
601
|
|
2,290
|
|
13,250
|
|
15,540
|
|
2,082
|
|
2008
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House Houston Galleria
|
12,826
|
|
2,976
|
|
16,866
|
|
1,908
|
|
2,976
|
|
18,774
|
|
21,750
|
|
2,833
|
|
2008
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton Garden Inn New York West 35th Street
|
—
|
|
24,244
|
|
96,978
|
|
978
|
|
24,257
|
|
97,943
|
|
122,200
|
|
14,461
|
|
2009
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Embassy Suites Tampa Downtown Convention Ctr
|
—
|
|
2,161
|
|
71,017
|
|
1,464
|
|
2,310
|
|
72,332
|
|
74,642
|
|
8,665
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
F-37
|
Initial Costs
|
Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
|
Gross Amount at December 31, 2014
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Description
|
Debt
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Building &
Improvements
|
Land, Building &
Improvements
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Buildings &
Improvements
|
Total (1)
|
Accumulated
Depreciation
|
Date
Acquired
|
Depreciation
Life
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fairfield Inn & Suites Washington DC Downtown
|
—
|
|
16,214
|
|
22,265
|
|
4,786
|
|
16,307
|
|
26,958
|
|
43,265
|
|
3,529
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Embassy Suites Fort Myers Estero
|
—
|
|
2,816
|
|
7,862
|
|
242
|
|
2,859
|
|
8,061
|
|
10,920
|
|
1,120
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Homewood Suites Washington DC Downtown
|
33,000
|
|
23,139
|
|
34,188
|
|
901
|
|
23,140
|
|
35,088
|
|
58,228
|
|
3,925
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton New York Fashion District
|
—
|
|
35,592
|
|
82,392
|
|
635
|
|
35,606
|
|
83,013
|
|
118,619
|
|
8,987
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hampton Inn Suites Denver Tech Center
|
—
|
|
2,373
|
|
9,180
|
|
1,582
|
|
2,424
|
|
10,711
|
|
13,135
|
|
1,423
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hotel Indigo New Orleans Garden District
|
—
|
|
1,901
|
|
3,865
|
|
11,746
|
|
2,080
|
|
15,432
|
|
17,512
|
|
1,827
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Columbia
|
—
|
|
1,993
|
|
11,487
|
|
1,563
|
|
2,030
|
|
13,013
|
|
15,043
|
|
1,593
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn National Harbor Washington DC
|
—
|
|
7,457
|
|
37,046
|
|
92
|
|
7,462
|
|
37,133
|
|
44,595
|
|
3,927
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Silver Spring
|
—
|
|
3,945
|
|
18,896
|
|
996
|
|
3,973
|
|
19,864
|
|
23,837
|
|
2,367
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton Garden Inn New Orleans Convention Center
|
—
|
|
3,405
|
|
20,750
|
|
3,660
|
|
3,428
|
|
24,387
|
|
27,815
|
|
2,867
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hampton Inn West Palm Beach Arprt Central
|
—
|
|
2,280
|
|
9,769
|
|
439
|
|
2,280
|
|
10,208
|
|
12,488
|
|
1,198
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton Garden Inn West Palm Beach Airport
|
—
|
|
1,206
|
|
10,811
|
|
310
|
|
1,215
|
|
11,112
|
|
12,327
|
|
1,228
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton Garden Inn Los Angeles Hollywood
|
—
|
|
5,303
|
|
19,136
|
|
5,328
|
|
5,464
|
|
24,303
|
|
29,767
|
|
3,010
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
DoubleTree Metropolitan Hotel New York City
|
—
|
|
140,332
|
|
188,014
|
|
15,736
|
|
140,435
|
|
203,647
|
|
344,082
|
|
21,744
|
|
2010
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Embassy Suites Columbus
|
—
|
|
1,274
|
|
6,805
|
|
1,620
|
|
1,449
|
|
8,250
|
|
9,699
|
|
986
|
|
2011
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Renaissance Pittsburgh Hotel
|
—
|
|
3,274
|
|
39,934
|
|
2,277
|
|
3,317
|
|
42,168
|
|
45,485
|
|
4,292
|
|
2011
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Atlanta Buckhead
|
—
|
|
2,860
|
|
21,668
|
|
1,363
|
|
2,875
|
|
23,016
|
|
25,891
|
|
2,412
|
|
2011
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
DoubleTree Hotel Columbia
|
—
|
|
1,933
|
|
6,486
|
|
3,553
|
|
2,020
|
|
9,952
|
|
11,972
|
|
1,278
|
|
2011
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Marriott Denver Airport @ Gateway Park
|
26,500
|
|
3,083
|
|
38,356
|
|
2,321
|
|
3,153
|
|
40,607
|
|
43,760
|
|
4,243
|
|
2011
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Embassy Suites West Palm Beach Central
|
—
|
|
3,656
|
|
9,614
|
|
5,110
|
|
3,770
|
|
14,610
|
|
18,380
|
|
2,002
|
|
2011
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
F-38
|
Initial Costs
|
Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
|
Gross Amount at December 31, 2014
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Description
|
Debt
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Building &
Improvements
|
Land, Building &
Improvements
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Buildings &
Improvements
|
Total (1)
|
Accumulated
Depreciation
|
Date
Acquired
|
Depreciation
Life
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton Garden Inn Durham Raleigh Research Triangle Park
|
—
|
|
1,751
|
|
4,763
|
|
5,238
|
|
1,813
|
|
9,939
|
|
11,752
|
|
1,597
|
|
2011
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton Garden Inn Pittsburgh University Place
|
—
|
|
1,975
|
|
18,490
|
|
6,679
|
|
2,034
|
|
25,110
|
|
27,144
|
|
3,111
|
|
2011
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hampton Inn Houston Near The Galleria
|
—
|
|
9,326
|
|
9,220
|
|
783
|
|
9,395
|
|
9,934
|
|
19,329
|
|
1,147
|
|
2011
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Charleston Historic District
|
—
|
|
2,714
|
|
35,828
|
|
460
|
|
2,736
|
|
36,266
|
|
39,002
|
|
2,980
|
|
2011
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Bethesda Downtown
|
35,000
|
|
8,154
|
|
52,750
|
|
1,025
|
|
8,272
|
|
53,657
|
|
61,929
|
|
3,602
|
|
2012
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard New York Manhattan Upper East Side
|
—
|
|
20,654
|
|
60,223
|
|
3,262
|
|
20,673
|
|
63,466
|
|
84,139
|
|
4,253
|
|
2012
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton Garden Inn San Francisco Oakland Bay Brg
|
—
|
|
11,902
|
|
22,758
|
|
1,734
|
|
11,947
|
|
24,447
|
|
36,394
|
|
1,660
|
|
2012
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Embassy Suites Boston Waltham
|
—
|
|
6,268
|
|
56,025
|
|
2,682
|
|
6,298
|
|
58,677
|
|
64,975
|
|
3,346
|
|
2012
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Houston Downtown Convention Center
|
—
|
|
5,799
|
|
28,954
|
|
1,166
|
|
5,799
|
|
30,120
|
|
35,919
|
|
1,424
|
|
2013
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Houston Downtown Convention Center
|
—
|
|
4,674
|
|
24,913
|
|
1,025
|
|
4,674
|
|
25,938
|
|
30,612
|
|
1,214
|
|
2013
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
SpringHill Suites Houston Downtown Convention Center
|
—
|
|
2,382
|
|
12,756
|
|
9,339
|
|
2,437
|
|
22,040
|
|
24,477
|
|
296
|
|
2013
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Waikiki Beach
|
—
|
|
557
|
|
79,033
|
|
704
|
|
660
|
|
79,634
|
|
80,294
|
|
3,214
|
|
2013
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard San Francisco
|
—
|
|
11,277
|
|
18,198
|
|
10,844
|
|
11,289
|
|
29,030
|
|
40,319
|
|
—
|
|
2013
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Residence Inn Atlanta Midtown Historic
|
—
|
|
2,812
|
|
6,044
|
|
5,852
|
|
2,908
|
|
11,800
|
|
14,708
|
|
95
|
|
2013
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
SpringHill Suites Portland Hillsboro
|
—
|
|
3,488
|
|
18,283
|
|
44
|
|
3,489
|
|
18,326
|
|
21,815
|
|
619
|
|
2013
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hilton Cabana Miami Beach
|
—
|
|
25,083
|
|
40,707
|
|
905
|
|
25,106
|
|
41,589
|
|
66,695
|
|
631
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House Charlotte Center City
|
—
|
|
3,029
|
|
26,193
|
|
—
|
|
3,029
|
|
26,193
|
|
29,222
|
|
550
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House Cypress Anaheim
|
—
|
|
3,995
|
|
9,164
|
|
1,790
|
|
4,149
|
|
10,800
|
|
14,949
|
|
224
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House Emeryville San Francisco Bay Area
|
—
|
|
7,425
|
|
29,137
|
|
2,535
|
|
7,452
|
|
31,645
|
|
39,097
|
|
662
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
F-39
|
Initial Costs
|
Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
|
Gross Amount at December 31, 2014
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Description
|
Debt
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Building &
Improvements
|
Land, Building &
Improvements
|
Land &
Improvements
|
Buildings &
Improvements
|
Total (1)
|
Accumulated
Depreciation
|
Date
Acquired
|
Depreciation
Life
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House San Diego Sorrento Mesa
|
—
|
|
10,419
|
|
21,289
|
|
959
|
|
10,511
|
|
22,156
|
|
32,667
|
|
482
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House San Jose Silicon Valley
|
—
|
|
6,819
|
|
31,682
|
|
—
|
|
6,819
|
|
31,682
|
|
38,501
|
|
669
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House San Ramon
|
—
|
|
5,713
|
|
11,852
|
|
251
|
|
5,717
|
|
12,099
|
|
17,816
|
|
277
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt House Santa Clara
|
—
|
|
8,044
|
|
27,703
|
|
348
|
|
8,044
|
|
28,051
|
|
36,095
|
|
587
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt Market Street The Woodlands
|
—
|
|
5,950
|
|
16,882
|
|
—
|
|
5,950
|
|
16,882
|
|
22,832
|
|
361
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt Place Fremont Silicon Valley
|
—
|
|
6,208
|
|
13,730
|
|
550
|
|
6,209
|
|
14,279
|
|
20,488
|
|
318
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt Place Madison Downtown
|
—
|
|
6,701
|
|
25,478
|
|
—
|
|
6,701
|
|
25,478
|
|
32,179
|
|
532
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Embassy Suites Irvine Orange County
|
—
|
|
15,062
|
|
33,048
|
|
114
|
|
15,062
|
|
33,162
|
|
48,224
|
|
574
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Courtyard Portland City Center
|
—
|
|
8,019
|
|
53,024
|
|
8
|
|
8,019
|
|
53,032
|
|
61,051
|
|
884
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Hyatt Atlanta Midtown
|
—
|
|
3,737
|
|
41,731
|
|
9
|
|
3,737
|
|
41,740
|
|
45,477
|
|
529
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
DoubleTree Grand Key Resort
|
—
|
|
48,192
|
|
27,770
|
|
6
|
|
48,192
|
|
27,776
|
|
75,968
|
|
252
|
|
2014
|
15 - 40 years
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
$
|
517,044
|
|
$
|
703,487
|
|
$
|
2,795,871
|
|
$
|
212,529
|
|
$
|
706,497
|
|
$
|
3,005,390
|
|
$
|
3,711,887
|
|
$
|
382,266
|
|
||||||||||||
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) The aggregate cost of real estate for federal income tax purposes is approximately
$3.6 billion
at
December 31, 2014
.
F-40
The change in total cost of properties for the years ended December 31,
2014
,
2013
, and
2012
is as follows:
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
|||||||||
|
Reconciliation of Land and Buildings and Improvements
|
|||||||||||
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
$
|
3,461,251
|
|
$
|
3,218,610
|
|
$
|
2,908,626
|
|
||
|
Add: Acquisitions
|
573,936
|
|
219,169
|
|
238,731
|
|
|||||
|
Add: Improvements
|
59,485
|
|
30,309
|
|
72,149
|
|
|||||
|
Less: Disposition of properties
|
(142,581
|
)
|
(6,837
|
)
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Less: Impairment loss
|
(9,200
|
)
|
—
|
|
(896
|
)
|
|||||
|
Less: Land, building and improvements of hotels held for sale
|
(231,004
|
)
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Balance at end of period
|
$
|
3,711,887
|
|
$
|
3,461,251
|
|
$
|
3,218,610
|
|
||
The change in accumulated depreciation of real estate assets for the years ended December 31,
2014
,
2013
and
2012
is as follows:
|
2014
|
2013
|
2012
|
|||||||||
|
Reconciliation of Accumulated Depreciation
|
|||||||||||
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
$
|
(367,306
|
)
|
$
|
(295,397
|
)
|
$
|
(228,809
|
)
|
||
|
Add: Depreciation for the period
|
(81,892
|
)
|
(73,556
|
)
|
(66,588
|
)
|
|||||
|
Less: Disposition of properties
|
24,383
|
|
1,647
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation of hotels held for sale
|
42,549
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
|
Balance at end of period
|
$
|
(382,266
|
)
|
$
|
(367,306
|
)
|
$
|
(295,397
|
)
|
||
F-41
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I. Financial InformationItem 1. BusinessItem 1A. Risk FactorsItem 1B. Unresolved Staff CommentsItem 2. PropertiesItem 3. Legal ProceedingsItem 4. Mine Safety DisclosuresPart IIItem 5. Market For Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases Of Equity SecuritiesItem 6. Selected Financial DataItem 7. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of OperationsItem 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market RiskItem 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataItem 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosuresItem 9A. Controls and ProceduresItem 9B. Other InformationPart IIIItem 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate GovernanceItem 11. Executive CompensationItem 12. Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder MattersItem 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director IndependenceItem 14. Principal Accountant Fees and ServicesPart IVItem 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement SchedulesItem 8. Financial Statements