SRL 20-F DEF-14A Report Dec. 31, 2017

SCULLY ROYALTY LTD.

20-Fs

20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2024
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2023
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2022
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2021
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2020
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2019
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2018
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2017
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2016
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2015
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2014
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2013
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2012
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2011
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2010
20-F	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2009

20-F 1 tv489500-20f.htm FORM 20-F tv489500-20f - none - 12.192851s

TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 20-F

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

Commission file number 001-04192

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

2-4 Merrion Row, Dublin 2, Ireland

(Address of executive office)

Michael J. Smith
c/o MFC Financial Ltd.
2-4 Merrion Row
Dublin 2, Ireland
Telephone: +1 844 331 3343
Facsimile: + 353 1 676 6824

with a copy to:
H.S. Sangra
Sangra Moller LLP
1000 Cathedral Place, 925 West Georgia Street
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3L2
Facsimile: +1 604-669-8803

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

	Title of each class			Name of each exchange on which registered
	Common Shares			New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None.

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

There were 12,534,801 Common Shares of US$0.001 par value each issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ YES ☒ NO

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. ☐ YES ☒ NO

Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ YES ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☒
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

†The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.

U.S. GAAP ☐ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒ Other ☐

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ YES ☒ NO

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEAR FELLOW SHAREHOLDERS:

In 2017, we restructured our operations to focus on our merchant banking business. As a result, we disposed of certain subsidiaries which contributed to an overall reduction of $101.7 million of trade receivables and $166.4 million in borrowings and debt. We believe that this reorganization better positions us to pursue our core business going forward and eliminate the discount in our share price to net book value per share of US$17.66 as at December 31, 2017.

Our financial results include a number of expenses and losses related to this restructuring, as well as costs to reduce our exposure to our insolvent former customer from approximately $225 million at December 31, 2015 to $21.4 million at December 31, 2017. These restructuring expenses included credit losses, losses from the disposition of subsidiaries, and finance costs which were mainly related to debt which was repaid or eliminated.

After giving effect to these restructuring costs and losses of approximately $37.0 million, we had a net loss of $47.9 million and Operating EBITDA * loss of $32.2 million in 2017.

	2017
OPERATING EBITDA (In C$ ‘000s)
Net loss (1)		$	(47,065 )
Reversal of impairment losses on resource properties			(8,945 )
Income tax expense			8,658
Finance costs			8,415
Amortization, depreciation and depletion			6,732
Operating EBITDA (loss)		$	(32,205 )
Credit losses		$	23,923
Losses from dispositions of subsidiaries			10,219
Share based compensation			2,876
		$	37,018

Note:

(1)

Includes net income attributable to non-controlling interests.

As a result, we ended 2017 with $277.8 million of shareholders’ equity, or $22.16 per share (US$17.66 per share), which was mainly comprised of tangible assets.

Operating EBITDA is defined as earnings from before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment. Operating EBITDA is a non-IFRS financial measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures under IFRS. Management uses Operating EBITDA as a measure of our operating results and considers it to be a meaningful supplement to net income as a performance measure, primarily because we incur depreciation and depletion from time to time.

Letter to Shareholders
(i)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Financial Highlights

The following table highlights selected figures on our financial position as at December 31, 2017:

FINANCIAL POSITION (In C$ ‘000s, except ratios, per share amounts or as otherwise indicated)	December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents		$	74,870
Short-term securities			5,127
Trade receivables			34,259
Tax receivables			747
Other receivables			21,690
Inventories			9,826
Total current assets			149,281
Total current liabilities			92,769
Working capital			56,512
Current ratio (1)			1.61
Acid-test ratio (2)			1.48
Total assets.			396,947
Short-term bank borrowings			2,074
Long-term debt including current portion			43,733
Debt-to-equity (3)			0.16
Total liabilities			116,998
Shareholders’ equity			277,780
Net book value per share			22.16
Net book value per share (US$) (4)			17.66

Notes:

(1)

The current ratio is calculated as current assets divided by current liabilities.

(2)

The acid-test ratio is calculated as cash plus account receivables plus short-term securities, divided by current liabilities.

(3)

The long-term debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as long-term debt, including current portion, divided by shareholders’ equity.

(4)

Calculated using the applicable exchange rate on December 31, 2017.

Our balance sheet reflects trade receivables of $21.4 million due from our former customer that filed for insolvency in 2016, a decline of almost $80 million in this concentration during the year. These remaining trade receivables from this former customer have risk mitigation instruments associated with them, and we are now litigating with the provider of this security to enforce our claims. As with any legal process, there is uncertainty as to the timing and amounts of proceeds, but we continue to diligently exercise our rights in connection with such receivables in order to maximize recoveries.

As at December 31, 2017: (In ‘000s, except per share amounts)	Shareholders’ Equity		Equity per Share		Equity per Share
	C$		C$		US$ (2)
Adjusted working capital (1)		35,137		2.80		2.23
Trade receivables – former insolvent customer		21,375		1.71		1.36
Property, plant and equipment		83,954		6.70		5.34
Resource properties, net (3)		78,852		6.29		5.01
Real estate and investment properties		51,463		4.10		3.27
Other long-term assets		19,698		1.57		1.25
Other long-term liabilities (4)		(12,699 )		(1.01 )		(0.80 )
Total		277,780		22.16		17.66

Notes:

(1)

Defined as current assets less current liabilities, excluding trade receivables related to former insolvent customer.

(2)

Calculated using applicable exchange rate on December 31, 2017.

(3)

Net of decommissioning obligations.

(4)

Including non-controlling interests.

Simply put, we made a serious mistake with the concentration and relationship to that insolvent former customer, but we have implemented the necessary changes, learned from the experience, and significantly reduced this exposure.

Letter to Shareholders
(ii)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Looking back, in March 2016, just months after we had made the decision to exit certain commodity product lines and geographies, we had $405.3 million of trade receivables and inventories, and $452.7 million of debt and borrowings.

After almost two years of liquidating, disposing of, rationalizing assets and underperforming subsidiaries and streamlining our operations, since March 31, 2016, we have reduced our trade receivables and inventories by approximately 90% to $34.3 million and $9.8 million, respectively. Our debt and borrowings have declined by approximately 90% to approximately $45.8 million.

We are now back at a net cash position for the first time in more than five years, and our balance sheet has been significantly cleaned up.

In addition, we have made further progress towards our long-term goals, including:

•

lowered our structural cost profile and reduced our headcount to 230 employees worldwide, down from 450 in 2016 and 650 in 2015;

•

relocated our commercial operations to Dublin, Ireland. Ireland is a progressive financial center with many attractive attributes, and Dublin will be MFC Bancorp’s footprint to our European business going forward;

•

continued the process of permitting, site evaluations and logistics for our development healthcare business in China. Due to the substantially higher associated costs and capital expenditures required, we have elected to let our eye care lease expire, so our business in China is now exclusively focused on healthcare, merchant banking and related markets; and

•

expanded our merchant banking activities in Europe by hiring qualified senior individuals in the finance and banking sector.

Financial Results for the Year 2017

Revenues for 2017 decreased to $274.0 million and costs of sales and services decreased to $263.6 million, primarily as a result of our decision to exit certain product lines and geographies.

We recognized credit losses on loans and receivables (net of recoveries) of $23.9 million, which included $8.6 million relating to receivables due from a hydrocarbon subsidiary that was deconsolidated in 2015. In addition, we recognized a loss on the disposition of subsidiaries of $10.2 million in 2017.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to $45.5 million, primarily as a result of the sale of non-core subsidiaries, the closure of certain offices and structural cost reductions.

Finance costs decreased to $8.4 million, primarily as a result of a decrease in bank indebtedness.

Letter to Shareholders
(iii)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

We recognized a net non-cash reversal of $8.9 million in connection with prior impairments on our remaining hydrocarbon properties.

Income tax expenses (other than resource revenue taxes) were $6.9 million. Our income tax paid in cash, excluding resource revenue taxes, was $1.7 million. We also recognized resource revenue taxes of $1.8 million.

Overall, we recognized an income tax expense of $8.7 million (income tax expense of $6.9 million and resource property revenue taxes of $1.8 million).

Our net loss attributable to shareholders was $47.9 million, or $3.81 per share on a basic and diluted basis.

At year end, cash and cash equivalents were $74.9 million. Trade receivables and other receivables were $34.3 million and $21.7 million, respectively. Trade receivables included a decrease of $78.6 million of receivables due from our insolvent former customer during the year. Tax receivables, consisting primarily of refundable value-added taxes, were $0.7 million.

Inventories decreased to $9.8 million, primarily as a result of the decision to reduce inventories and exit certain product lines and geographies. $1.5 million of our inventories were contracted at fixed prices or hedged.

Our short-term securities increased to $5.1 million. The increase was primarily as a result of government-issued securities held by our Bank at the date of acquisition.

Deposits, prepaid and other assets were $2.4 million. The decrease was primarily a result of recoveries relating to prepayments for inventories from risk mitigation securities. We had short-term financial assets relating to hedging derivatives of $0.2 million as at December 31, 2017, compared to $1.2 million as at December 31, 2016.

Account payables and accrued expenses were $44.8 million and deferred income tax liabilities were $10.3 million.

Our short-term bank borrowings were $2.1 million and long-term debt, all of which was current, was $43.7 million at year end. We had decommissioning obligations of $13.7 million relating to our hydrocarbon properties.

Focus

MFC now operates as an international merchant bank providing financial services and committing proprietary capital to promising enterprises and investing to capture opportunities for our own account. We seek businesses or assets with intrinsic values not properly reflected in pricing. Our activities are not passive, as we seek projects where our financial expertise and management can add or unlock value. We are concentrating on three main priorities:

•

Merchant banking focus: Our core expertise is in merchant banking for the financial services, natural resources, healthcare, and basic manufacturing industries. We also have experience in international distressed and high growth situations, both private and public, that fall outside of traditional industry categories.

•

Global reach: Through our subsidiaries in Europe, Asia and the Americas, MFC can provide financial services to companies worldwide with a special concentration on Western Europe and China.

•

Commitment to creating shareholder value: We are committed to creating shareholder value. A major component of this will be to create market awareness and improve liquidity for our shareholders, strengthen our financial discipline and focus in arears where we have specialized knowledge. One of our primary goals is to eliminate the discount in our share price to our net book value per share of US$17.66.

Letter to Shareholders
(iv)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Stakeholder Communications

Management welcomes any questions you may have and looks forward to discussing our operations, results and plans with stakeholders. Further:

•

Stakeholders are encouraged to read this entire Annual Report on Form 20-F and our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 included herein for a greater understanding of our business and operations.

•

All stakeholders who have questions regarding the information in this annual report may call our North American toll free line: 1 (844) 331 3343 (International callers: +1 (604) 662 8873) to book a conference call with our senior management. Questions may also be emailed to Rene Randall at rrandall@bmgmt.com.

Respectfully Submitted,

Michael J. Smith
Chairman

Letter to Shareholders
(iv)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Form 20-F

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	INTRODUCTORY MATTERS					1
	PART I					1
	FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS					1
	NOTE ON FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION					2
	NON-IFRS FINANCIAL MEASURES					3
	ITEM 1: IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS					3
	ITEM 2: OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE					3
	ITEM 3: KEY INFORMATION					3
	A. Selected Financial Data					3
	B. Capitalization and Indebtedness					4
	C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds					4
	D. Risk Factors					4
	ITEM 4: INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY					14
	A. History and Development of the Company					14
	B. Business Overview					14
	C. Organizational Structure					18
	D. Property, Plants and Equipment					18
	ITEM 4A: UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS					18
	ITEM 5: OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS					19
	General					19
	Results of Operations					20
	Liquidity and Capital Resources					26
	Application of Critical Accounting Policies					32
	New Standards and Interpretations Adopted and Not Yet Adopted					34
	Trend Information					35
	Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements					35
	Safe Harbor					35
	ITEM 6: DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES					35
	A. Directors and Senior Management					35
	B. Compensation					37
	C. Board Practices					38
	D. Employees					39
	E. Share Ownership					40
	ITEM 7: MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS					41
	A. Major Shareholders					41
	B. Related Party Transactions					41
	C. Interests of Experts and Counsel					42
	ITEM 8: FINANCIAL INFORMATION					42
	A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information					42
	B. Significant Changes					42
	ITEM 9: THE OFFER AND LISTING					42
	A. Offer and Listing Details					42
	B. Plan of Distribution					43
	C. Markets					43

(i)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	D. Selling Shareholders					43
	E. Dilution					43
	F. Expenses of the Issue					43
	ITEM 10: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION					43
	A. Share Capital					43
	B. Memorandum and Articles of Association					43
	C. Material Contracts					46
	D. Exchange Controls					46
	E. Taxation					46
	F. Dividends and Paying Agents					49
	G. Statement by Experts					49
	H. Documents on Display					49
	I. Subsidiary Information					49
	ITEM 11: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK					49
	ITEM 12: DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES					50
	PART II					50
	ITEM 13: DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES					50
	ITEM 14: MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS					50
	ITEM 15: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES					50
	ITEM 16: [RESERVED]					51
	ITEM 16A: AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT					51
	ITEM 16B: CODE OF ETHICS					51
	ITEM 16C: PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES					52
	ITEM 16D: EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES					52
	ITEM 16E: PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS					52
	ITEM 16F: CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT					53
	ITEM 16G: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE					53
	ITEM 16H: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE					53
	ITEM 17: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS					53
	ITEM 18: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS					53
	ITEM 19: EXHIBITS					115

(ii)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTORY MATTERS

On July 14, 2017, MFC Bancorp Ltd., a corporation under the laws of British Columbia, referred to as “Old MFC”, and MFC Bancorp Ltd., a corporation under the laws of the Cayman Islands, referred to as “New MFC”, completed a plan of arrangement, referred to as the “Arrangement”, under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) that resulted in the holders of common shares of Old MFC, referred to as the “Old MFC Shares”, becoming holders of common shares of US$0.001 par value each of New MFC, referred to as the “Common Shares”, and New MFC acquiring all of the Old MFC Shares. Unless otherwise indicated, references herein to numbers of our Common Shares or per Common Share amounts, including for prior periods, have been restated, where necessary, to reflect the Share Consolidation/Split (as defined herein) under the Arrangement. Please see “ Item 4: Information on the Company – B. Business Overview ” for further information.

Prior to July 14, 2017, unless the context otherwise indicates, references herein to “we”, “us”, “our”, the “Company” or “MFC Bancorp” are to Old MFC and its subsidiaries and, on and subsequent to July 14, 2017, unless the context otherwise indicates, such references are to New MFC and its consolidated subsidiaries.

All references in this document to “$” and “dollars” are to Canadian dollars, all references to “US$” are to United States dollars and all references to “Euro” or “€” are to the European Union Euro, unless otherwise indicated.

PART I

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains certain forward-looking information and statements, including statements relating to matters that are not historical facts and statements of our beliefs, intentions and expectations about developments, results and events which will or may occur in the future, which constitute “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 , as amended, collectively referred to as “forward-looking statements”. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “anticipate”, “could”, “project”, “should”, “expect”, “seek”, “may”, “intend”, “likely”, “will”, “plan”, “estimate”, “believe” and similar expressions suggesting future outcomes or statements regarding an outlook or their negative or other comparable words. Also, discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties share this “forward-looking” character.

Forward-looking statements are included throughout this document and include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to: our projected revenues; markets; production, demand and prices for products and services, including commodities; trends; economic conditions; performance; business prospects; results of operations; capital expenditures; foreign exchange rates; derivatives; and our ability to expand our business. All such forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by us in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors we believe are appropriate in the circumstances. These forward-looking statements are, however, subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors. As a result, actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements and, accordingly, no assurance can be given that any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will transpire or occur, or if any of them do so, what benefits will be derived therefrom. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, among others, those set forth under the section entitled “ Item 3: Key Information – D. Risk Factors ”.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking information and statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be accurate. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance upon any of the forward-looking information and statements set out in this document. All of the forward-looking information and statements contained in this document are expressly qualified, in their entirety, by this cautionary statement. The various risks to which we are exposed are described in additional detail in this document under the section entitled “

Item 3: Key Information – D. Risk Factors ”. The forward-looking information and statements are made as of the date of this document and we assume no obligation to update or revise them except as required pursuant to applicable securities laws.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The following table sets forth the exchange rates for the translation of United States dollars and Euros to Canadian dollars in effect at the end of each of the five most recent financial years, the average exchange rates during these periods and the range of high and low exchange rates for these periods. The exchange rates are based on the noon rate of exchange for dates through April 28, 2017, and based on the average daily rate of exchange for dates after April 28, 2017, as reported by the Bank of Canada.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2015		2014		2013
	($/US$)
End of period		1.2545		1.3427		1.3840		1.1601		1.0636
High for period		1.2128		1.2544		1.1728		1.0614		0.9839
Low for period		1.3743		1.4589		1.3990		1.1643		1.0697
Average for period		1.2986		1.3248		1.2787		1.1045		1.0299
	($/€)
End of period		1.5052		1.4169		1.5029		1.4038		1.4655
High for period		1.3848		1.3875		1.3111		1.3927		1.2859
Low for period		1.5330		1.5928		1.5298		1.5549		1.4724
Average for period		1.4650		1.4660		1.4182		1.4671		1.3681

The following table sets forth the range of high and low exchange rates for the translation of United States dollars and Euros to Canadian dollars for each of the previous six months. The exchange rates are based on the average daily rate of exchange, as reported by the Bank of Canada.

Month	High		Low
	($/US$)
March 2018		1.2380		1.3088
February 2018		1.2288		1.2809
January 2018		1.2293		1.2535
December 2017		1.2545		1.2886
November 2017		1.2683		1.2888
October 2017		1.2472		1.2893
	($/€)
March 2018		1.5683		1.6124
February 2018		1.5331		1.5664
January 2018		1.4853		1.5363
December 2017		1.4991		1.5246
November 2017		1.4757		1.5330
October 2017		1.4678		1.5073

On April 6, 2018, the average daily rate of exchange for the translation of United States dollars and Euros to Canadian dollars were US$1.00 = $1.2764 and €1.00 = $1.5662, respectively.

NOTE ON FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

Unless otherwise stated, all financial information presented herein has been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, referred to as “IFRS” and the “IASB”, respectively, which may not be comparable to financial data prepared by many U.S. companies.

Due to rounding, numbers presented throughout this document may not add up precisely to the totals we provide and percentages may not precisely reflect the absolute figures.

All websites referred to herein are inactive textual references only, meaning that the information contained on such websites is not incorporated by reference herein and you should not consider information contained on such websites as part of this document unless expressly specified.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NON-IFRS FINANCIAL MEASURES

This document includes “non-IFRS financial measures”, that is, financial measures that either exclude or include amounts that are not excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with IFRS. Specifically, we make use of the non-IFRS measures “Operating EBITDA” and “Operating EBITDA from continuing operations”.

Operating EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment and Operating EBITDA from continuing operations is defined as earnings from continuing operations before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment. Our management uses Operating EBITDA as a measure of our operating results and considers it to be a meaningful supplement to net income as a performance measurement, primarily because we incur significant depreciation and depletion and the exclusion of impairment losses in Operating EBITDA eliminates the non-cash impact.

Operating EBITDA is used by investors and analysts for the purpose of valuing an issuer. The intent of Operating EBITDA is to provide additional useful information to investors and the measure does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS. Accordingly, this measure should not be considered in isolation or used in substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS. Other companies may calculate Operating EBITDA differently. For a reconciliation of net income from continuing operations to Operating EBITDA, please see “

Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Results of Operations ”.

ITEM 1: IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2: OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3: KEY INFORMATION

A. Selected Financial Data

The following table summarizes selected consolidated financial data prepared in accordance with IFRS for the five fiscal years ended December 31, 2017. Effective December 31, 2015, we changed our reporting currency to the Canadian dollar. Our consolidated financial statements as at and for each of the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were reported using the United States dollar. With the change in reporting currency, comparative financial information for years prior to 2015 has been recast from United States dollars to Canadian dollars to reflect our consolidated financial statements as if they had been historically reported in Canadian dollars, consistent with IAS 21, The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates , referred to as “IAS 21”. The information in the table was extracted from our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this or previously filed annual reports on Form 20-F, and should be read in conjunction with such financial statements and with the information appearing under the heading “

Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects ”.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Selected Financial Data
(Stated in Canadian dollars in accordance with IFRS)
(In thousands, other than per share amounts)

	2017			2016			2015			2014			2013
Gross revenues		$	274,035		$	1,131,657		$	1,629,100		$	1,405,330		$	719,156
(Loss) earnings from continuing operations (1)			(47,855 ) (2)			(25,361 ) (3)			(246,228 ) (4)			17,840 (5 )			22,782
Net (loss) income from continuing operations per share
Basic			(3.81 )			(2.01 )			(19.50 )			1.40			1.82
Diluted			(3.81 )			(2.01 )			(19.50 )			1.40			1.82
Net loss from discontinued operations (1)			—			—			(241,402 ) (6)			(18,522 ) (7)			(13,050 ) (8)
Loss per share from discontinued operations:
Basic			—			—			(19.12 )			(1.45 )			(1.04 )
Diluted			—			—			(19.12 )			(1.45 )			(1.04 )
Net (loss) income (1)			(47,855 ) (2)			(25,361 ) (3)			(487,630 ) (4)(6)			(682 ) (5)(7)			9,732 (8)
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic			(3.81 )			(2.01 )			(38.61 )			(0.05 )			0.78
Diluted			(3.81 )			(2.01 )			(38.61 )			(0.05 )			0.78
Total assets			396,947			650,338			977,351			1,692,219			1,402,460
Net assets			279,949			329,430			369,200			778,933			744,245
Long-term debt, less current portion			—			80,564			174,333			297,157			201,947
Shareholders’ equity			277,780			327,520			367,192			777,717			744,063
Capital stock, net of treasury stock			309,505			358,831			358,831			358,570			357,322
Weighted average number of common stock outstanding, diluted			12,544			12,628			12,628			12,591			12,551
Cash dividends paid to shareholders			—			—			4,388			12,486			15,353

Notes:

(1)

Attributable to our shareholders.

(2)

Includes a net non-cash reversal of $8.9 million in connection with prior impairments of our remaining hydrocarbon properties, credit losses (net of recoveries) of $23.9 million and losses of $10.2 million on the disposition of subsidiaries.

(3)

Includes a net non-cash reversal of $8.6 million in connection with prior impairments on our remaining hydrocarbon properties, credit losses (net of recoveries) of $17.0 million and a gain of $2.6 million on the disposition of subsidiaries.

(4)

Includes total non-cash impairment losses of $235.9 million, before an income tax recovery of $46.5 million, on our mining interest and remaining hydrocarbon properties interest that were reclassified as continuing operations and losses of $51.4 million related to a customer that filed for insolvency in February 2016 and $9.9 million on long-term off-take agreements entered into by a subsidiary acquired in 2014, which were terminated in 2016.

(5)

Includes a non-cash impairment loss on our hydrocarbon properties of $2.8 million.

(6)

Includes total non-cash impairment losses of $176.3 million, before a deferred income tax expense of $50.9 million, recognized on our hydrocarbon properties and iron ore interests.

(7)

Includes total non-cash impairment losses of $30.4 million, before a deferred income tax recovery of $8.4 million, on our hydrocarbon properties.

(8)

Includes a non-cash impairment loss on our properties of $6.5 million, before an income tax recovery of $1.7 million.

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

An investment in our Common Shares involves a number of risks. You should carefully consider the following risks and uncertainties in addition to other information in this annual report on Form 20-F in evaluating our company and our business before making any investment decisions. Our business, operating and financial condition could be harmed due to any of the following risks, which include risks that are primarily or partially related to our discontinued operations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Risk Factors Relating to Our Business – Risks Relating to Continuing Operations

Our financial results may fluctuate substantially from period to period.

We expect our business to experience significant periodic variations in its revenues and results of operations in the future. These variations may be attributed in part to the fact that our merchant banking revenues are often earned upon the successful completion of a transaction, the timing of which is uncertain and beyond our control. In many cases, we may receive little or no payment for engagements that do not result in the successful completion of a transaction. Additionally, we seek to acquire undervalued assets where we can use our experience and management to realize upon the value. Often, we will hold or build upon these assets over time and we cannot predict the timing of when these assets’ values may be realized. As a result, we are unlikely to achieve steady and predictable earnings, which could in turn adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

A weakening of the global economy, including capital and credit markets, could adversely affect our business and financial results and have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and capital resources.

Our business, by its nature, does not produce predictable earnings and it may be materially affected by conditions in the global financial markets and economic conditions generally. As demand for our products and merchant banking services has historically been determined by general global macro-economic activities, demand and prices for our products and services have historically decreased substantially during economic slowdowns. A significant economic downturn may affect our sales and profitability. Further, our suppliers and customers may also be adversely affected by an economic downturn. Depending on their severity and duration, the effects and consequences of a global economic downturn could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and capital resources, including our ability to raise capital, if needed, and otherwise negatively impact our business and financial results.

A weakening of global economic conditions would likely aggravate the adverse effects of difficult economic and market conditions on us and on others in the merchant banking industry. In particular, we may face, among others, the following risks related to any future economic downturn: increased regulation of our banking operations; compliance with such regulation may increase the costs of our banking operations, may affect the pricing of our products and services and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities; reduced demand for our products and services; inability of our customers to comply fully or in a timely manner with their existing obligations; and the degree of uncertainty concerning economic conditions may adversely affect the accuracy of our estimates, which, in turn, impact the reliability of the process and the sufficiency of our credit loss allowances.

Further, any disruption or volatility in the global financial markets could have a material adverse effect on us, including our ability to access capital and liquidity on financial terms acceptable to us, if at all. Market deterioration and weakness can result in a material decline in the number and size of the transactions that we execute for our own account or for our clients and to a corresponding decline in our revenues. Any market weakness can further result in losses to the extent that we hold assets in such market. If all or some of the foregoing risks were to materialize, this could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our earnings and, therefore, our profitability may be affected by price volatility in our various products.

The majority of our revenue from our merchant banking business is currently derived from the sale of products, which include metals, hydrocarbons and other materials. As a result, our earnings are directly related to the prices of these underlying products. There are many factors influencing the price of these products, including: expectations for inflation; global and regional demand and production; political and economic conditions; and production costs in major producing regions. These factors are beyond our control and are impossible for us to predict. Changes in the prices of our products may adversely affect our operating results.

The merchant banking business is highly competitive.

All aspects of the merchant banking business are highly competitive and we expect them to remain so.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Our competitors include merchant and investment banks, brokerage firms, commercial banks, private equity firms, hedge funds, financial advisory firms and natural resource and mineral royalty companies. Many of our competitors have substantially greater capital and resources, including access to supply, than we do. We believe that the principal factors affecting competition in our business include transaction execution, our products and services, client relationships, reputation, innovations, credit worthiness and price.

The scale of our competitors has increased in recent years as a result of substantial consolidation. These firms have the ability to offer a wider range of products than we do, which may enhance their competitive position.

If we are unable to compete effectively with our competitors, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, none of our customers accounted for more than 10% of our revenues. However, the loss of key customers, due to competitive conditions or otherwise, may adversely affect our results of operations.

If the fair values of our long-lived assets fall below our carrying values, we would be required to record non-cash impairment losses that could have a material impact on our results of operations.

We review the carrying value of long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Should the markets for our products deteriorate, should we decide to invest capital differently or should other cash flow assumptions change, it is possible that we will be required to record non-cash impairment losses in the future that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We may face a lack of suitable acquisition, merger or other proprietary investment candidates, which may limit our growth.

In order to grow our business, we may seek to acquire, merge with or invest in new companies or opportunities. Our failure to make acquisitions or investments may limit our growth. In pursuing acquisition and investment opportunities, we face competition from other companies having similar growth and investment strategies, many of which may have substantially greater resources than us. Competition for these acquisitions or investment targets could result in increased acquisition or investment prices, higher risks and a diminished pool of businesses, services or products available for acquisition or investment.

Strategic investments or acquisitions and joint ventures, or our entry into new business areas, may result in additional risks and uncertainties in our business.

We intend to continue to grow our business both through internal expansion and through strategic investments, acquisitions or joint ventures. When we make strategic investments or acquisitions or enter into joint ventures, we expect to face numerous risks and uncertainties in combining or integrating the relevant businesses and systems, including the need to combine accounting and data processing systems and management controls and to integrate relationships with customers and business partners.

The costs of integrating acquired businesses (including restructuring charges associated with the acquisitions, as well as other related costs, such as accounting, legal and advisory fees) could significantly impact our operating results.

Although we perform due diligence on the businesses we purchase, in light of the circumstances of each transaction, an unavoidable level of risk remains regarding the actual condition of these businesses. We may not be able to ascertain the value or understand the potential liabilities of the acquired businesses and their operations until we assume operating control of these businesses.

Furthermore, any acquisitions of businesses or facilities could entail a number of risks, including, among others: problems with the effective integration of operations; inability to maintain key pre-acquisition business relationships; increased operating costs; exposure to substantial unanticipated liabilities; difficulties in realizing projected efficiencies, synergies and cost savings; the risks of entering markets in which we have limited or no prior experience; and the possibility that we may be unable to recruit additional managers with the necessary skills to supplement the management of the acquired businesses.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

In addition, geographic and other expansions, acquisitions or joint ventures may require significant managerial attention, which may be diverted from our other operations. If we are unsuccessful in overcoming these risks, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our merchant banking activities are subject to counterparty risks associated with the performance of obligations by our counterparties.

Our business is subject to commercial risks, which include counterparty risk, such as failure of performance by our counterparties. We seek to reduce the risk of non-performance by requiring credit support from creditworthy financial institutions where appropriate. We also attempt to reduce the risk of non-payment by customers or other counterparties by imposing limits on open accounts extended to creditworthy customers and imposing credit support requirements for other customers. Nevertheless, we are exposed to the risk that parties owing us or our clients and other financial intermediaries may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. These counterparty obligations may arise, for example, from placing deposits, the extension of credit or guarantees in trading and investment activities and participation in payment, securities and supply chain transactions on our behalf and as an agent on behalf of our clients. If any such customers or counterparties default on their obligations, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow could be adversely affected.

Larger and more frequent capital commitments in our merchant banking business increase the potential for significant losses.

We may enter into large transactions in which we commit our own capital as part of our merchant banking business. The number and size of these large transactions may materially affect our results of operations in a given period. To the extent that we own assets (i.e., have long positions), a downturn in the value of those assets or in the markets in which those assets are traded or situated could result in losses. Conversely, to the extent that we have sold assets we do not own (i.e., have short positions) in any of those markets, an upturn in those markets could expose us to potentially large losses as we attempt to cover our short positions by acquiring assets in a rising market.

We are subject to transaction risks that may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

We manage transaction risks through allocating and monitoring our capital investments in circumstances where the risk to our capital is minimal, carefully screening clients and transactions and engaging qualified personnel to manage transactions. Nevertheless, transaction risks can arise from our proprietary investing activities. These risks include market and credit risks associated with our merchant banking operations. We intend to make investments in highly unstructured situations and in companies undergoing severe financial distress and such investments often involve severe time constraints. These investments may expose us to significant transaction risks. An unsuccessful investment may result in the total loss of such investment and may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Our risk management strategies may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risks that could impact our risk management strategies in the future and could negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We use a variety of instruments and strategies to manage exposure to various types of risks. For example, we may use derivative foreign exchange contracts to manage our exposure and our clients’ exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risks. If any of the variety of instruments and strategies we utilize to manage our exposure to various types of risk are not effective, we may incur losses. Many of our strategies are based on historical trading patterns and correlations. However, these strategies may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure in all market environments or against all types of risk. Unexpected market developments may affect our risk management strategies and unanticipated developments could impact our risk management strategies in the future.

Derivative transactions may expose us to unexpected risk and potential losses.

We, from time to time, enter into derivative transactions that require us to deliver to the counterparty an underlying security, loan or other obligation in order to receive payment. Such derivative transactions may expose us to unexpected market, credit and operational risks that could cause us to suffer unexpected

TABLE OF CONTENTS

losses. Severe declines in asset values, unanticipated credit events or unforeseen circumstances may create losses from risks not appropriately taken into account in the structuring and/or pricing of a derivative transaction. In a number of cases, we may not hold the underlying security, loan or other obligation and may have difficulty obtaining, or be unable to obtain, the underlying security, loan or other obligation through the physical settlement of other transactions. As a result, we are subject to the risk that we may not be able to obtain the security, loan or other obligation within the required contractual time frame for delivery. This could cause us to forfeit the payments due to us under these contracts or result in settlement delays with the attendant credit and operational risk as well as increased costs to us.

The operations of our bank subsidiary are subject to regulation, which could adversely affect our business and operations.

The operations of MFC Merchant Bank Limited, referred to as the “Bank”, are subject to a number of directives and regulations, which materially affect our businesses. The statutes, regulations and policies to which we are subject may be changed at any time. In addition, the interpretation and the application by regulators of the laws and regulations to which we are subject may also change from time to time. Extensive legislation affecting the financial services industry has recently been adopted in Europe that directly or indirectly affects our business, including in Malta and other jurisdictions, and regulations are in the process of being implemented. The manner in which those laws and related regulations are applied to the operations of credit institutions is still evolving. Any legislative or regulatory actions and any required changes to our business operations resulting from such legislation and regulations could result in significant loss of revenue, limit our ability to pursue business opportunities in which we might otherwise consider engaging or provide certain products and services, affect the value of assets that we hold, require us to increase our prices and therefore reduce demand for our financial products, impose additional compliance and other costs on us or otherwise adversely affect our businesses. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that future changes in regulations or in their interpretation or application will not adversely affect us. Please see “

Item 4: Information on the Company – Regulation ” for further information.

Further, the operations of our Bank may involve transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including commercial banks, investment banks and other institutional clients. Defaults by, and even rumors or questions about the solvency of certain financial institutions and the financial services industry generally, have led to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by other institutions. We may enter into transactions that could expose us to significant credit risk in the event of default by one of our significant counterparties. A default by a significant financial counterparty, or liquidity problems in the financial services industry generally, could have a material adverse effect on us.

Any failure to remain in compliance with sanctions, anti-money laundering laws or other applicable regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate could harm our reputation and/or cause us to become subject to fines, sanctions or legal enforcement, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our merchant banking business has adopted policies and procedures respecting compliance with sanctions and anti-money laundering laws and we have adopted various policies and procedures to ensure compliance with specific laws applicable to it, including internal controls and “know-your-customer” procedures aimed at preventing money laundering and terrorism financing; however, participation of multiple parties in any given transaction can make the process of due diligence difficult. Further, because trade finance can be more document-based than other banking activities, it is susceptible to documentary fraud, which can be linked to money laundering, terrorism financing, illicit activities and/or the circumvention of sanctions or other restrictions (such as export prohibitions, licensing requirements or other trade controls). While we are alert to high-risk transactions, we are also aware that efforts, such as forgery, double invoicing, partial shipments of goods and use of fictitious goods, may be used to evade applicable laws and regulations. If our policies and procedures are ineffective in preventing third parties from using our finance operations as a conduit for money laundering or terrorism financing without our knowledge, our reputation could suffer and/or we could become subject to fines, sanctions or legal action (including being added to any “blacklists” that would prohibit certain parties from engaging in transactions with us, including our banking subsidiary), which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, amendments to sanctions, anti-money laundering laws or other applicable laws or regulations in countries in which we operate could impose additional compliance burdens on our operations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates may affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Fluctuations in interest rates may affect the fair value of our financial instruments sensitive to interest rates. An increase or decrease in market interest rates may result in changes to the fair value of our fixed interest rate financial instrument liabilities, thereby resulting in a reduction in the fair value of our equity. Similarly, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may affect the fair value of our financial instruments sensitive to foreign currency exchange rates.

Some of our operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations that may increase the costs of doing business and may restrict such operations.

Some of our operations present environmental risks and hazards and are subject to environmental regulation pursuant to a variety of government laws and regulations. These regulations mandate, among other things, the maintenance of air and water quality standards and land reclamation. They also set forth limitations on the generation, transportation, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Compliance with such laws and regulations can require significant expenditures, and a breach may result in the imposition of fines and penalties, which may be material. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner expected to result in stricter standards and enforcement, larger fines and liability and potentially increased capital expenditures and operating costs. Any breach of environmental legislation by the operator of properties underlying our interests or by us, as an owner or operator of a property, could have a material impact on the viability of the relevant property and impair the revenue derived from the owned property or applicable royalty or other interest, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Further, environmental hazards may exist on the properties on which we hold, or have previously held, interests, which are unknown to us at present and have been caused by previous or existing owners or operators of the properties.

Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations or permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions thereunder, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions. Parties engaged in resource operations or in the exploration or development of resource properties may also be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the mining activities and may be subject to civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations.

We may not be fully insured against certain environmental risks, either because such insurance is not available or because of high premium costs. In particular, insurance against risks from environmental pollution occurring over time, as opposed to sudden and catastrophic damages, is not available on economically reasonable terms. Accordingly, our properties may be subject to liability due to hazards that cannot be insured against or that have not been insured against due to prohibitive premium costs or for other reasons.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain adequate financing in the future or that the terms of such financing will be favorable and, as a result, we may have to raise additional capital through the issuance of additional equity, which will result in dilution to our shareholders.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain adequate financing in the future or that the terms of such financing will be favorable. Failure to obtain such additional financing could result in delay or indefinite postponement of further business activities. We may require new capital to grow our business and there are no assurances that capital will be available when needed, if at all. It is likely such additional capital will be raised through the issuance of additional equity, which would result in dilution to our shareholders.

Limitations on our access to capital could impair our liquidity and our ability to conduct our business.

Liquidity, or ready access to funds, is essential to companies engaged in our business. Failures of financial firms have often been attributable in large part to insufficient liquidity. Liquidity is of particular importance to our merchant banking business and perceived liquidity issues may affect our clients’ and counterparties’ willingness to engage in transactions with us. Our liquidity could be impaired due to circumstances that we may be unable to control, such as a general market disruption or an operational problem that affects our clients, counterparties, our lenders or us. Further, our ability to sell assets may be impaired if other market participants are seeking to sell similar assets at the same time.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Our existing and future financing arrangements that contain operating and financial restrictions may restrict our business and financing activities.

The terms and conditions of our debt agreements and future financial obligations may impose, among other things, operating and financial restrictions on us. For example, they may, among other things, prohibit or otherwise limit our ability to: enter into other financing arrangements; incur additional indebtedness; create or permit liens on our assets; make investments; change the general nature of our business; utilize the proceeds of dispositions; and make capital expenditures. If we are unable to comply with the terms and conditions in our current or future financing agreements, a default could occur under the terms of those agreements. Our ability to comply with these terms and conditions, including meeting financial ratios and tests, is dependent on our future performance and may be affected by events beyond our control. If a default occurs under current or future financing agreements and we do not obtain a corresponding waiver or amendment to the underlying agreement, lenders could terminate their commitments to lend or accelerate our obligations thereunder and declare all amounts borrowed due and payable. If any of these events occur, we may be unable to find alternative financing on acceptable terms or at all.

We may substantially increase our debt in the future.

It may be necessary for us to obtain financing with banks or financial institutions to provide funds for working capital, capital purchases, potential acquisitions and business development. Interest costs associated with any debt financing may adversely affect our profitability. Further, the terms on which amounts may be borrowed – including standard financial covenants regarding the maintenance of financial ratios, the prohibition against engaging in major corporate transactions or reorganizations and the payment of dividends – may impose additional constraints on our business operations and our financial strength.

As a result of our global operations, we are exposed to political, economic, legal, operational and other risks that could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

In conducting our business in major markets around the world, we are subject to political, economic, legal, operational and other risks that are inherent in operating in other countries. These risks range from difficulties in settling transactions in emerging markets to possible nationalization, expropriation, price controls and other restrictive governmental actions, and terrorism. We also face the risk that exchange controls or similar restrictions imposed by foreign governmental authorities may restrict our ability to convert local currency received or held by us in their countries into Swiss francs, Canadian dollars, Euros or other hard currencies or to take those other currencies out of those countries. If any of these risks become a reality, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow could be negatively impacted.

We are exposed to litigation risks in our business that are often difficult to assess or quantify and we could incur significant legal expenses every year in defending against litigation.

We are exposed to legal risks in our business and the volume and amount of damages claimed in litigation against financial intermediaries are increasing. These risks include potential liability for advice we provide to participants in corporate transactions and disputes over the terms and conditions of complex trading arrangements. We also face the possibility that counterparties in complex or risky trading transactions will claim that we improperly failed to inform them of the risks involved or that they were not authorized or permitted to enter into such transactions with us and, accordingly, that their obligations to us are not enforceable. During a prolonged market downturn, we expect these types of claims to increase. We are also exposed to legal risks in our trade finance and proprietary investing activities.

We seek to invest in undervalued businesses or assets often as a result of financial, legal, regulatory or other distress affecting them. Investing in distressed businesses and assets can involve us in complex legal issues relating to priorities, claims and other rights of stakeholders. These risks are often difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude often remains unknown for substantial periods of time. We may incur significant legal and other expenses in defending against litigation involved with any of these risks and may be required to pay substantial damages for settlements and/or adverse judgments. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

We rely significantly on the skills and experience of our executives and the loss of any of these individuals may harm our business.

Our future success depends to a significant degree on the skills, experience and efforts of our executives and the loss of their services may compromise our ability to effectively conduct our business. We do not maintain “key person” insurance in relation to any of our employees.

We may experience difficulty attracting and retaining qualified management and technical personnel to efficiently operate our business and the failure to operate our business effectively could have a material adverse effect on our profitability, financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent upon the continued availability and commitment of our management, whose contributions to immediate and future operations are of significant importance. The loss of any such management could negatively affect our business operations. From time to time, we will also need to identify and retain additional skilled management and specialized technical personnel to efficiently operate our business. The number of persons skilled in the acquisition, exploration and development of royalties and interests in natural resource properties is limited, and competition for such persons is intense. Recruiting and retaining qualified personnel is critical to our success and there can be no assurance of our ability to attract and retain such personnel. If we are not successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel, our ability to execute our business model and growth strategy could be affected, which could have a material adverse impact on our profitability, results of operations and financial condition.

We conduct business in countries with a history of corruption and transactions with foreign governments and doing so increases the risks associated with our international activities.

As we operate internationally, we are subject to the United States’ Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by the United States and other business entities that have securities registered in the United States for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations and agreements with third parties in countries known to experience corruption. Further international expansion may involve more exposure to such practices. Our activities in these countries create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by our employees or consultants that could be in violation of various laws including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act , even though these parties are not always subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees and consultants. However, our existing safeguards and any future improvements may prove to be less than effective and our employees or consultants may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible. Violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act may result in criminal or civil sanctions and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

The operation of the iron ore mine underlying our royalty interest was closed in 2014. Its operation is generally determined by a third-party operator and we currently have no decision-making power as to how the property is operated. In addition, we have no or very limited access to technical or geological data respecting the mine, including as to mineralization or reserves. The operator’s failure to perform or other operating decisions could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, results of operations and financial condition.

The operation of the iron ore mine underlying our royalty interest was closed in 2014. A new operator acquired the former operator’s interests in the second quarter of 2017. The operator generally has the power to determine the manner in which the property is operated. The interests of the operator and our interests may not always be aligned. Our inability to control the operations of the mine can adversely affect our profitability, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we have no or very limited access to technical or geological data respecting the mine, including as to mineralization and reserves.

To the extent grantors of royalties and other interests do not abide by their contractual obligations, we may be forced to take legal action to enforce our contractual rights. Should any decision with respect to such action be determined adversely to us, such decision may have a material adverse effect on our profitability, results of operations and financial condition.

Our hydrocarbon and related operations are subject to inherent risks and hazards.

There are many operating risks and hazards inherent in our resource operations, including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, changes in the regulatory environment, impact of non-compliance with laws and regulations, potential damage to equipment or personal injury and fires, explosions, blowouts, spills or other accidents. Additionally, we could experience interruptions to, or the termination of, production,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

processing or transportation activities due to bad weather, natural disasters, delays in obtaining governmental approvals or consents, insufficient storage or transportation capacity or other geological or mechanical conditions. Any of these events that result in an interruption or suspension of operations would adversely affect our discontinued operations.

In addition, certain of our undeveloped reserves are, or may in the future be, subject to third-party operating agreements, including farm-out and participation agreements. As a result, development activities conducted by such third-parties may not be entirely within our control.

Future environmental and reclamation obligations respecting our resource properties and interests may be material.

We have not established a separate reclamation fund for the purpose of funding estimated future environmental and reclamation obligations or liabilities. Any site reclamation or abandonment costs incurred in the ordinary course in a specific period will be funded out of cash flow from operations. To the extent our hydrocarbon properties are not disposed of, we expect to incur site restoration costs over a prolonged period as wells reach the end of their economic life and may also be subject to reclamation and other environmental liabilities for past resource activities. There are significant uncertainties related to decommissioning obligations and the impact on the financial statements could be material. The eventual timing of and costs for these asset retirement and other environmental obligations or potential liabilities could differ from current estimates.

Tax audits or disputes, or changes in the tax laws applicable to us, could materially increase our tax payments.

We exercise significant judgment in calculating our provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, many factors may affect their accuracy. Applicable tax authorities may disagree with our tax treatment of certain material items potentially causing an increase in tax liabilities. Due to the size, complexity and nature of our operations, various tax matters and litigation are outstanding from time to time, including relating to our former affiliates. Currently, based upon information available to us, we do not believe any such matters would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. However, due to the inherent uncertainty, we cannot provide certainty as to their outcome. If our current assessments are materially incorrect or if we are unable to resolve any of these matters favorably, there may be a material adverse impact on our financial performance, cash flows or results of operations.

Furthermore, changes to existing laws may also increase our effective tax rate. A substantial increase in our tax burden could have an adverse effect on our financial results. Please see “

Item 8: Financial Information – A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information ” for further information.

Employee misconduct could harm us and is difficult to detect and deter.

It is not always possible to detect and deter employee misconduct. The precautions we take to detect and prevent employee misconduct may not be effective in all cases and we could suffer significant reputational and economic harm for any misconduct by our employees. The potential harm to our reputation and to our business caused by such misconduct is impossible to quantify.

Failures or security breaches of our information technology systems could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our business.

We use information technologies, including information systems and related infrastructure as well as cloud applications and services, to store, transmit, process and record sensitive information, including employee information and financial and operating data, communicate with our employees and business partners and for many other activities related to our business. Our business partners, including operating partners, suppliers, customers and financial institutions, are also dependent on digital technology. Some of these business partners may be provided limited access to our sensitive information or our information systems and related infrastructure in the ordinary course of business.

Despite security design and controls, our information technology systems, and those of our third-party partners and providers, may be vulnerable to a variety of interruptions, including during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components thereof, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, the activities of hackers, unauthorized access attempts and other security issues or may be breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such interruption or breach could result in operational disruptions or the

TABLE OF CONTENTS

misappropriation of sensitive data that could subject us to civil and criminal penalties, litigation or have a negative impact on our reputation. There can be no assurance that such disruptions or misappropriations and the resulting repercussions will not negatively impact our cash flows and materially affect our results of operations or financial condition.

General Risks Faced by Us

Investors’ interests may be diluted and investors may suffer dilution in their net book value per share if we issue additional shares or raise funds through the sale of equity securities.

Our constating documents authorize the issuance of our Common Shares and preference shares, issuable in series. In the event that we are required to issue any additional shares or enter into private placements to raise financing through the sale of equity securities, investors’ interests in us will be diluted and investors may suffer dilution in their net book value per share depending on the price at which such securities are sold. If we issue any such additional shares, such issuances will also cause a reduction in the proportionate ownership of all other shareholders. Further, any such issuance may result in a change of control of our company. Please see “

Item 10: Additional Information – B. Memorandum and Articles of Association ” for further information.

Certain factors may inhibit, delay or prevent a takeover of our company, which may adversely affect the price of our Common Shares.

Certain provisions of our charter documents may discourage, delay or prevent third parties from effecting a change of control or changes in our management in a tender offer or otherwise engaging in a merger or similar type of transaction with us. If a change of control or change of management is delayed or prevented, the market price of our Common Shares could decline.

Investors may face difficulties in protecting their interests, and their ability to protect their rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands (2016 Revision), referred to as the “Cayman Act” and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.

The Cayman Islands courts are also unlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts of the United States based on certain civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws; and to impose liabilities against us, in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, based on certain civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.

There is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the Cayman Islands will in certain circumstances recognize and enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.

We are a Cayman Islands company with substantially all of our assets located outside of the United States. In addition, a majority of our directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. Substantially all of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise.

ITEM 4: INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A. History and Development of the Company

Corporate Information

We are a corporation organized under the Cayman Act. We were incorporated on June 5, 2017 as “MFC 2017 Ltd.” and changed our name to “MFC Bancorp Ltd.” on July 5, 2017.

On July 14, 2017, Old MFC, our former parent company, completed the Arrangement, which resulted in the holders of Old MFC Shares becoming the holders of our Common Shares. Please see “ B. Business Overview – Recent Developments ” for further information.

Our executive office is located at 2-4 Merrion Row, Dublin, Ireland, c/o MFC Financial Ltd., and its telephone number is +1 844 331 3343. Our registered office is located at 4 th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church Street, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.

General

We are an international merchant bank that provides financial services and facilitates structured trade for corporations and institutions. We specialize in markets that are not adequately addressed by traditional sources of supply and finance, with an emphasis on providing solutions for small and medium sized enterprises. We operate in multiple geographies and participate in industries including manufacturing, natural resources and medical equipment and services.

As a supplement to our operating business, we commit proprietary capital to assets and projects where intrinsic values are not properly reflected. These investments can take many forms, and our activities are generally not passive. The structure of each of these opportunities is tailored to each individual transaction.

Our business is divided into two operating segments: (i) Merchant Banking, which includes our marketing activities, captive supply assets, structured solutions, financial services and proprietary investing activities; and (ii) All Other, which encompasses our corporate and other investments and business interests, primarily being its business activities in medical equipment, instruments, supplies and services.

Please see “ B. Business Overview ” for further information regarding our recent developments.

B. Business Overview

The following is a brief description of our business and recent activities.

Recent Developments

Plan of Arrangement

On July 14, 2017, Old MFC, the former parent of our group of companies, completed the Arrangement under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia), pursuant to which, among other things, the following transactions were completed:

•

Share Consolidation/Split . The Old MFC Shares were consolidated on a 100 for 1 basis, with any resulting fractional shares being eliminated and the registered holders of the same being paid therefor in cash based upon the weighted average price of the Old MFC Shares over the ten trading days immediately prior to the effective date of the Arrangement and, thereafter, such Old MFC Shares were split on a 1 for 20 basis, referred to as the “Share Consolidation/Split”;

•

Share Capital . Old MFC’s stated shareholders’ capital was reduced by an amount equal to its retained deficit; and

TABLE OF CONTENTS

•

Share Exchange . Each Old MFC Share outstanding after the completion of the Share Consolidation/Split was exchanged for one of our Common Shares and US$0.0001 in cash.

Our Common Shares commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange on July 14, 2017 under the symbol “MFCB”.

Reallocation of Resources to More Profitable Operations

In 2017, we continued to advance our plan, which commenced in 2016, to exit product lines and geographies with unsatisfactory margins in order to reallocate capital to higher return operations, including our merchant banking business. To this end, in 2017, we, among other things:

•

rationalized our inventories, reducing them by 69% from $32.0 million at December 31, 2016 to $9.8 million at December 31, 2017;

•

reduced our trade receivables by more than $100 million, to $34.2 million from $136.0 million at December 31, 2016;

•

deleveraged through reducing our short-term bank borrowings by 98% from $95.4 million at December 31, 2016 to $2.1 million at December 31, 2017;

•

reduced our total debt by 63% from $116.8 million at December 31, 2016 to $43.7 million at December 31, 2017;

•

completed the sale and deconsolidation of non-core subsidiaries; and

•

allocated resources for the expansion of our merchant banking business.

As part of our plan, in the fourth quarter of 2017, we completed a restructuring, which included the disposition of certain subsidiaries, as a result of which we recognized a loss of $10.2 million and primarily as a result of which overall in the fourth quarter of 2017, we reduced our trade receivables, short term borrowings and debt by approximately $94 million, $67 million and $31 million, respectively.

In 2017, the sale of a non-core subsidiary in Latin America resulted in the deconsolidation of assets of $45.7 million and liabilities of $29.9 million, which were previously classified as assets held for sale.

Business Segments

Our business is divided into two operating segments: (i) Merchant Banking, which includes our marketing activities, captive supply assets, structured solutions, financial services and proprietary investing activities; and (ii) All Other, which encompasses our corporate and other investments and business interests, primarily being our business activities in medical equipment, instruments, supplies and services.

Merchant Banking

Our merchant banking segment includes our marketing activities, captive supply assets, financial services, proprietary investing activities, hydrocarbon interests and iron ore interest. Under our business model, such activities are generally interlinked. For example, we may market products sourced from captive supply assets, which include interests acquired through our proprietary investing or we would provide financial services to the end customers of our marketing activities. Our marketing activities, including the sale of products from our captive supply assets, represented the majority of our revenues in 2017.

We make proprietary investments as part of our overall merchant banking activities and we seek to realize gains on such investments over time. We seek to participate in many industries, emphasizing those business opportunities where the perceived intrinsic value is not properly recognized, often as a result of financial or other distress affecting them. These investments can take many forms and can include acquiring entire businesses or portions thereof, investing in equity or investing in existing indebtedness (secured and unsecured) of businesses or in new equity or debt issues. These activities are generally not passive. The structure of each of these opportunities is tailored to each individual transaction.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

We consider opportunities where:

•

our existing participation in marketing and production provides expert insight;

•

we can obtain a satisfactory return of future capital investment; and

•

there are synergistic benefits with our existing business.

Our philosophy is to utilize our financial strength to realize the commercial potential of assets in markets where we have a comprehensive understanding of the drivers of value.

In the first quarter of 2016, we completed the acquisition of the Bank, which is licensed in Europe. Through ownership of an “in-house” bank, we will be able to supplement our core business with regulated banking services. The Bank does not engage in general retail or commercial banking, but provides specialty banking services, focused on merchant banking, to our customers, suppliers and group members. These products include: bank guarantees, letters of credit, factoring, other financing transactions, advisory services and merchant banking products and services.

In 2016, we commenced our plan to focus on our core merchant banking activities and have exited various products and geographies, including disposing of a Latin America-focused commodities trading business, our interest in a ferrosilicon production facility, our interest in quartz quarries, our interest in an iron ore property in the United States, the significant portion of our hydrocarbon properties and our steel and ferroalloys trading businesses in Europe and the United States.

As part of our merchant banking business, we historically acquired and sold commodity products, sourcing products from various suppliers globally or selling products sourced through our captive supply assets. In connection with such transactions, we also provided finance, transport, warehousing and delivery for customers. In 2017, the customers for these activities included steel mills, foundries, refractory customers and users of finished steel and aluminum goods. In 2017, these activities mainly included the following products: steel, ferroalloys, minerals, chemicals and metals (such as zinc and aluminum).

We hold various production assets, including: (a) a zinc alloy processing facility, located in Slovakia, whose customers include steel companies and other related industry suppliers in Europe; (b) a natural gas power plant located in Alberta, Canada and a hydro-electric power plant located in Africa; (c) a non-ferrous rolling mill in Germany whose customers include companies in automotive, engineering and other industries; and (d) natural gas production and processing in Alberta, Canada.

We also derive revenues from a mining sub-lease of the lands upon which the Wabush iron ore mine is situated in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The sub-lease commenced in 1956 and expires in 2055. Revenues from this interest, excluding the collection of the underpayment of royalties in prior years, represented approximately 1% of the Company’s revenues in 2017.

In late 2014, the mine operator announced the closure of the mine and, in 2015, commenced proceedings under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act , referred to as the “CCAA”. A new operator took over the mine in the third quarter of 2017 after acquiring the underlying assets through the CCAA process. In the third quarter of 2017, we entered into a settlement agreement with the new operator in respect of an underpayment of royalties under the lease by the past operator, whereby we received $5.6 million in settlement of such claims. Pursuant to such agreement, we also amended and restated the sub-lease underlying our interest. As a result, our royalty interest is now a 7.0% net revenues royalty interest on iron ore produced from the mine and 4.2% net revenues royalty interest on iron ore produced from tailings and other disposed materials. The new operator has not re-commenced mining operations. Under the terms of the sub-lease, we are entitled to minimum royalty payments of $3.25 million per year. With respect to minimum payments, before tax, amounting to approximately $5.7 million for prior periods, the CCAA Court ruled in the first quarter of 2018 that such amount was not payable to us and, as a result, we recognized an impairment of $1.4 million on such receivable in 2017. We are in the process of appealing such ruling. However, there can be no assurance that such appeal will be successful.

Our main business office is located in Dublin, Ireland, through a subsidiary. We also maintain offices in Malta, China, Canada, Germany and Uganda. In addition, we establish relationships with marketing agents located worldwide. Our marketing and other business activities in this segment are supported by a network of agents and relationships.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

All Other

Our All Other segment encompasses our corporate and other investments and business interests, primarily relating to business activities in medical equipment, instruments, supplies and services.

Competitive Conditions

Both segments of our business are intensely competitive and we expect them to remain so.

We operate in a highly competitive environment in most of our markets and we face competition in our merchant banking activities, principally from international banks, the majority of which are European, North American or Latin American regulated banks, in our finance and fee-generating activities. Such competition may have the effect of reducing spreads on our financing activities.

Our merchant banking business is small compared to our competitors in the sector. Many of our competitors have far greater financial resources, a broader range of products and sources of supply, larger customer bases, greater name recognition and marketing resources, a larger number of senior professionals to serve their clients’ needs, greater global reach and more established relationships with clients than we do. These competitors may be better able to respond to changes in business conditions, compete for skilled professionals, finance acquisitions, fund internal growth and compete for market share generally.

We believe that our experience and operating structure permit us to respond more rapidly to our clients’ needs than many of our larger competitors. These traits are important to small and mid-sized business enterprises, many of which do not have large internal corporate finance departments to handle their capital requirements. We develop a partnership approach to assist our clients. This often permits us to develop multiple revenue sources from the same client. For example, we may commit our own capital to make a proprietary investment in its business or capital structure.

Regulation

Our operations are international in nature and are subject to the laws and regulations of a number of international jurisdictions, as well as oversight by regulatory agencies and bodies in those jurisdictions. In particular, the banking industry is subject to extensive regulation and oversight. The operations of our Bank are subject to the regulations and directives issued by the European Union, as well as any additional Maltese legislation. The Bank is subject to direct supervision by the Malta Financial Services Authority and indirect supervision by the European Central Bank. The regulations which most significantly affect our Bank, or which could most significantly affect it in the future, relate to capital requirements, liquidity and the funding and development of a banking union in the European Union. As a Maltese credit institution, the Bank is subject to the Capital Requirements Directive Framework, referred to as the “CRD IV Framework”, through which the European Union began implementing the Basel III Capital reforms from January 1, 2014, with certain requirements in the process of being phased in by January 1, 2019. The CRD IV Framework, among other things, requires regulatory reporting of “large exposures”, which are generally exposures to a client or group of connected clients in excess of 10% of the Bank’s eligible capital base and such large exposures cannot be greater than 25% of the Bank’s eligible capital base, after taking into account credit risk mitigation.

Our gas and oil operations are subject to various Canadian governmental regulations including those imposed by the Alberta Energy Regulator and Alberta Utilities Commission. Matters subject to regulation include discharge permits for drilling operations, drilling and abandonment bonds and pooling of properties and taxation. The production, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of oil and gas, by-products thereof, and other substances and materials produced or used in connection with such operations are also subject to regulation under federal, provincial and local laws and regulations. We are subject to decommissioning obligations in connection with our ownership interests in hydrocarbon assets, including well sites, gathering systems and processing facilities. The total decommissioning obligation is estimated based on our net ownership interest in wells and facilities, estimated costs to reclaim and abandon same and the estimated timing of the costs to be incurred in future years. We have estimated the net present value of total decommissioning obligations to be $13.7 million as at December 31, 2017.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

C. Organizational Structure

The following table describes our material subsidiaries as at December 31, 2017, their respective jurisdictions of organization and our interest in respect of each subsidiary. The table excludes subsidiaries that only hold inter-company assets and liabilities and do not have active businesses or whose results and net assets do not materially impact our consolidated results and net assets.

Subsidiaries	Country of Incorporation	Proportion of Voting Interest (1) (2)
Kasese Cobalt Company Limited	Uganda		75 %
MFC (A) Ltd	Marshall Islands		99.72 %
MFC (D) Ltd	Marshall Islands		99.72 %
M Financial Corp.	Barbados		100 %
Merchants Financial Corp.	Marshall Islands		99.96 %
MFC Merchant Bank Limited	Malta		100 %
Sino Medical Technology Co. Ltd.	Marshall Islands		99.54 %

Notes:

(1)

Our proportional voting interests are identical to our proportional beneficial interests, except for: (a) a non-wholly owned subsidiary in Africa from which we derive a 100% beneficial interest resulting from our shareholder loan; and (b) MFC (A) Ltd. and MFC (B) Ltd., in each of which we hold a 99.68% proportional beneficial interest.

(2)

In 2017, Merchants Financial Corp. and Sino Medical Technology Co. Ltd. granted rights to employee incentive corporations to acquire up to 10% of their share capital on a diluted basis at a price to be no less or more than the then existing net tangible asset value. The rights expire in 2027 and, as at December 31, 2017 such rights had been exercised in respect of 0.04% and 0.46% of the ownership, respectively.

Please see Note 31 to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 for further information.

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

Our executive office is located at 2-4 Merrion Row, Dublin, Ireland, c/o MFC Financial Ltd.

We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our needs through the end of the year ending December 31, 2018. Should we require additional space at that time or prior thereto, we believe that such space can be secured on commercially reasonable terms.

We also hold an interest under a mining sub-lease related to an iron ore mine located in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, which commenced in 1956 and expires in 2055. Please see “ B. Business Overview ” for further information.

As at December 31, 2017, we had hydrocarbon interests located in west central Alberta, Canada comprised of approximately 61 producing and 96 non-producing natural gas wells and approximately 3 producing and 18 non-producing oil wells and an average 76.2% working interest in approximately 86,500 gross acres of land. We also own a 16.5 megawatt natural gas power plant in Alberta, Canada, which is currently idled and a 9.9 megawatt hydroelectric power plant in Uganda.

ITEM 4A: UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ITEM 5: OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes.

General

We are a merchant bank that provides financial services and facilitates structured trade for corporations and institutions. Our business activities involve customized structured financial solutions and are supported by captive sources and products secured from third parties. We do business in multiple geographies and specialize in a wide range of industrial products.

We also commit our own capital to promising enterprises and invest and otherwise capture investment opportunities for our own account. We seek to invest in businesses or assets whose intrinsic value is not properly reflected in their share price or value. Our investing activities are generally not passive. We actively seek investments where our financial expertise and management can add or unlock value.

Our results of operations have been and may continue to be affected by many factors of a global nature, including economic and market conditions, the availability of capital, the level and volatility of equity prices and interest rates, currency values, asset prices and other market indices, technological changes, the availability of credit, inflation and legislative and regulatory developments. Our results of operations may also be materially affected by competitive factors. Our competitors include firms traditionally engaged in trade finance such as merchant and investment banks, along with other capital sources such as hedge funds, private equity firms, insurance companies and other companies engaged in supply chain activities in Europe, Asia and globally.

Our results of operations for any particular period may also be materially affected by our realization on proprietary investments. These investments are made to maximize total return through long-term appreciation and recognized gains on divestment. We realize on our proprietary investments through a variety of methods including sales, capital restructuring or other forms of divestment.

Business Environment

Our financial performance is, and our consolidated results in any period can be, materially affected by economic conditions and financial markets generally, including the availability of capital, the availability of credit and the level of market and commodity price volatility. Our results of operations may also be materially affected by competitive factors. Our competitors include firms traditionally engaged in merchant banking and trade finance as well as other capital sources such as hedge funds and private equity firms and other companies engaged in similar activities in Europe, Asia and globally.

We operate internationally and therefore our financial performance and position are impacted by changes in the Canadian dollar, our reporting currency, against the other functional currencies of our international subsidiaries and operations, particularly the Euro. Changes in currency rates affect our financial performance and position because our European subsidiaries’ assets, liabilities, revenues and operating costs are denominated in Euros. Accordingly, a weakening of the Canadian dollar against the Euro would have the effect of increasing the value of such assets, liabilities, revenues and operating costs when translated into Canadian dollars, our reporting currency. Conversely, a strengthening of the Canadian dollar against these currencies would have the effect of decreasing such values. In addition, we also have exposure to the Chinese yuan and the United States dollar.

As at December 31, 2017, the Canadian dollar had weakened by 5.9% against the Euro from the end of 2016. We recognized a net $4.3 million currency translation adjustment loss under other comprehensive income within equity in 2017, compared to $14.6 million in 2016.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth certain selected operating results and other financial information for each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Gross revenues		$	274,035		$	1,131,657		$	1,629,100
Costs and expenses			312,442			1,148,363			1,919,895
Costs of sales and services			263,586			1,061,052			1,573,868
Selling, general and administrative expenses			45,472			79,164			86,648
Finance costs			8,415			24,102			22,329
Share-based compensation – selling, general and administrative			2,876			—			—
Impairment of available-for-sale securities			—			91			245
(Reversal) recognition of impairment losses on resource properties			(8,945 )			(8,566 )			235,875
Loss from continuing operations (1)			(47,855 ) (2)			(25,361 ) (3)			(246,228 ) (4)
Net loss from discontinued operations (1)			—			—			(241,402 ) (5)
Net loss (1)			(47,855 ) (2)			(25,361 ) (3)			(487,630 ) (4)(5)
Loss per share:
Basic			(3.81 )			(2.01 )			(38.61 )
Diluted			(3.81 )			(2.01 )			(38.61 )

Notes:

(1)

Attributable to our shareholders.

(2)

(3)

(4)

Includes total non-cash impairment losses of $235.9 million, before an income tax recovery of $46.5 million, on our mining interest and remaining hydrocarbon properties that were reclassified as continuing operations and losses of $51.4 million related to a customer that filed for insolvency in February 2016 and $9.9 million on long-term off-take agreements entered into by a subsidiary acquired in 2014, which were terminated in 2016.

(5)

Includes total non-cash impairment losses of $176.3 million, before a deferred income tax expense of $50.9 million, recognized on our hydrocarbon properties and iron ore interests.

The following table provides a breakdown of our total revenues from continuing operations for each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Merchant banking products and services		$	249,581		$	1,078,745		$	1,580,935
Interest			973			3,056			4,237
Dividends			—			6			7
Other			23,481			49,850			43,921
Total revenues		$	274,035		$	1,131,657		$	1,629,100

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2016

The following is a breakdown of our gross revenues by segment for each of the years indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
	(In thousands)
Gross Revenues:
Merchant banking		$	256,412		$	1,095,896
All other			17,623			35,761
		$	274,035		$	1,131,657

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The following charts illustrate our revenues by geographic distribution in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

	December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016

The following is a breakdown of our revenues by product and service for each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
	(In thousands)
Metals		$	143,572		$	223,244
Plastics			98			25,277
Wood products			—			13,385
Steel products			23,898			298,772
Minerals, chemicals and alloys			57,768			483,806
Natural gas			8,931			18,094
Royalties			8,868			4,875
Power/electricity			4,215			5,882
Total sales by products			247,350			1,073,335
Fees			2,231			5,410
Revenues from products and services		$	249,581		$	1,078,745

Our metals, plastics, wood products, steel products, minerals, chemicals and alloys revenues decreased from 2016 as a result of our decision to exit certain product lines and geographies. In 2017, our royalties revenues increased primarily as a result of the recognition of $5.6 million for the underpayment of resource property royalties as a result of our settlement with the current operator of such interest. Our natural gas revenues decreased primarily due to the pricing environment and the shut-in of certain wells during the year.

Based upon the average exchange rates for 2017, the Canadian dollar strengthened by approximately 0.1% in value against the Euro compared to the average exchange rates for 2016.

Revenues for 2017 decreased to $274.0 million from $1,131.7 million in 2016, primarily as a result of our decision to exit certain product lines and geographies.

Revenues for our merchant banking business for 2017 decreased to $256.4 million from $1,095.9 million in 2016, primarily as a result of our decision to exit certain product lines.

Revenues for our all other segment were $17.6 million in 2017, compared to $35.8 million in 2016. The decrease was primarily as a result of the expiry of our eye care lease due to the substantially higher associated costs and capital expenditures required.

Costs of sales and services decreased to $263.6 million during 2017 from $1,061.1 million in 2016, primarily as a result of our decision to exit certain product lines and geographies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The following is a breakdown of our costs of sales and services for each of the years indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
	(In thousands)
Merchant banking products and services		$	223,049		$	1,027,627
Credit losses on loans and receivables and guarantees, net of recoveries			23,923			17,023
Market value (increase) decrease on commodity inventories			(400 )			4,273
(Gain) loss on derivative contracts, net			(1,934 )			521
Loss on securities, net			619			116
Dispositions of subsidiaries			10,219			(2,585 )
Write-off of payables			(3,779 )			—
Other			11,889			14,077
Total costs of sales and services		$	263,586		$	1,061,052

In 2017, we recognized credit losses on loans and receivables (net of recoveries) of $23.9 million, which included $8.6 million relating to receivables due from a hydrocarbon subsidiary that was deconsolidated in 2015, compared to $17.0 million in 2016.

We recognized a loss on the disposition of subsidiaries of $10.2 million in 2017, which consisted of the difference between the book value of such assets and the consideration received, compared to a gain of $2.6 million in 2016 on the disposition of subsidiaries.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to $45.5 million in 2017 from $79.2 million in 2016 primarily as a result of the sale of non-core subsidiaries, the closure of certain offices and structural cost reductions.

In 2017, finance costs decreased to $8.4 million from $24.1 million in 2016, primarily as a result of a decrease in bank indebtedness.

In late 2015, one of our customers in the wood products market experienced financial difficulties and, in February 2016, filed for insolvency. As a result, we recognized allowances for credit losses in connection with such customer and its affiliates in 2015 and 2016. Please see our comparison of 2016 to 2015 financial results below for further information regarding such prior years. In 2017, our management continued to monitor and assess the collectability of the receivables. As a result of such review, we reversed and credited an allowance of $1.5 million to profit or loss in the third quarter of 2017. In the fourth quarter of 2017, we disposed of certain subsidiaries which had trade receivables from the former customer group. As a result, we have trade receivables due from this former customer group of $21.4 million as at December 31, 2017.

In 2017, we recognized a net non-cash reversal of $8.9 million in connection with prior impairments on our remaining hydrocarbon properties. In 2016, we recognized a net non-cash reversal of $8.6 million in connection with prior impairments on our remaining hydrocarbon properties.

In 2017, we recognized a net foreign currency transaction loss of $1.0 million, compared to a net foreign currency transaction gain of $7.5 million in 2016, in our consolidated statement of operations. The foreign currency transaction gain and loss primarily represent exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items into our functional currencies at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements and the gains and losses on our foreign currency derivatives and includes $11.3 million reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income within equity to profit or loss, which stemmed from the disposition of an immaterial subsidiary during the year.

We recognized an income tax expense (other than resource revenue taxes) of $6.9 million in 2017, compared to an income tax expense of $6.0 million in 2016. Our income tax paid in cash, excluding resource revenue taxes, during 2017 was $1.7 million, compared to $2.8 million in 2016. We also recognized resource revenue taxes of $1.8 million in 2017, compared to $1.0 million in 2016.

Overall, we recognized an income tax expense of $8.7 million (income tax expense of $6.9 million and resource revenue taxes of $1.8 million) in 2017, compared to an income tax expense of $7.0 million (income tax expense of $6.0 million and resource revenue taxes of $1.0 million) in 2016.

In 2017, our net loss attributable to shareholders was $47.9 million, or $3.81 per share on a basic and diluted basis, compared to $25.4 million, or $2.01 per share on a basic and diluted basis, in 2016.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

For 2017, our Operating EBITDA loss was $32.2 million, compared to Operating EBITDA of $10.8 million for 2016.

The following is a reconciliation of our net loss to Operating EBITDA for each of the years indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
	(In thousands)
Operating EBITDA (loss)
Net loss (1)		$	(47,065 )		$	(23,720 )
Reversal of impairment losses on resource properties			(8,945 )			(8,566 )
Income tax expense			8,658			7,014
Finance costs			8,415			24,102
Amortization, depreciation and depletion			6,732			11,951
Operating EBITDA (loss)		$	(32,205 )		$	10,781

Note:

(1)

Includes net income attributable to non-controlling interests.

Please see “ Non-IFRS Financial Measures ” for additional information.

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2015

The following is a breakdown of our gross revenues by segment for each of the years indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Gross Revenues:
Merchant banking		$	1,095,896		$	1,593,879
All other			35,761			35,221
		$	1,131,657		$	1,629,100

In 2016, 25% of our revenues were from Germany, 37% were from Europe, 25% were from the Americas and 13% were from Asia and other regions.

The following charts illustrate our revenues by geographic distribution in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

	December 31, 2016			December 31, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The following is a breakdown of our revenues by product and service for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Metals		$	223,244		$	248,561
Plastics			25,277			41,231
Wood products			13,385			221,943
Steel products			298,772			308,428
Mineral, chemicals and alloys			483,806			696,725
Natural gas			18,094			47,761
Royalties			4,875			1,624
Power/electricity			5,882			7,349
Total sales by products			1,073,335			1,573,622
Fees			5,410			7,313
Revenues from products and services		$	1,078,745		$	1,580,935

Based upon the average exchange rates for 2016, the Canadian dollar weakened by approximately 3% in value against the Euro compared to the average exchange rates for 2015.

Revenues for 2016 decreased to $1,131.7 million from $1,629.1 million in 2015, primarily as a result of our decision to exit certain product lines and geographies, marginally offset by the positive impact of the weaker Canadian dollar against the Euro in 2016. As a substantial portion of our revenues are generated in Euros, the weakening of the Canadian dollar against the Euro positively impacted our revenues in 2016 when such Euro-denominated revenues were translated to Canadian dollars.

Revenues for our merchant banking business for 2016 decreased to $1,095.9 million from $1,593.9 million in the same period of 2015, primarily as a result of our decision to exit certain product lines, marginally offset by the positive impact of the weaker Canadian dollar against the Euro in 2016.

Revenues for our all other segment were $35.8 million in 2016, compared to $35.2 million in 2015.

Costs of sales and services decreased to $1,061.1 million during 2016 from $1,573.9 million in 2015, primarily as a result of our decision to exit certain product lines and geographies, marginally offset by the impact of the weaker Canadian dollar against the Euro in 2016.

The following is a breakdown of our costs of sales and services for each of the years indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Merchant banking products and services		$	1,027,627		$	1,512,970
Credit losses on loans and receivables and guarantees, net of recoveries			17,023			54,540
Market value decrease on commodity inventories			4,273			1,910
Loss (gain) on derivative contracts, net			521			(2,913 )
Loss on securities, net			116			84
Dispositions of subsidiaries			(2,585 )			—
Other			14,077			7,277
Total costs of sales and services		$	1,061,052		$	1,573,868

In 2016, we recognized credit losses on loans and receivables of $17.0 million, primarily relating to receivables due from a former hydrocarbon subsidiary that was deconsolidated in 2015, compared to $54.5 million in 2015.

We recognized a gain on the disposition of subsidiaries of $2.6 million in 2016, primarily in connection with the disposition of our former ferrosilicon subsidiary and related entities.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to $79.2 million in 2016 from $86.6 million in 2015.

In 2016, finance costs increased to $24.1 million from $22.3 million in 2015, primarily as a result of expanded factoring activities.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

In the fourth quarter of 2015, one of our customers in the wood products market experienced financial difficulties and, in February 2016, filed for insolvency, which was an adjusting subsequent event in the prior year under IAS 10, Events after the Reporting Period , referred to as “IAS 10”. As a result, we had to determine an allowance for credit losses against our trade receivables due from this customer and its affiliates, referred to as the “former customer group” as at December 31, 2015. As at December 31, 2015, we had gross trade receivables of $103.3 million due from this former customer group as well as other contracts with such former customer group. Our management conducted an extensive assessment of impairment losses on these trade receivables. This assessment involved a number of judgments and a high level of estimation uncertainty. The factors considered in these estimates include our legal rights and obligations under all related contracts and collateral, which include inventories, mortgages, insurance of collateral and other credit enhancement instruments. We recognized an allowance for credit losses of $10.7 million in connection with this customer and its affiliates as at December 31, 2015.

In addition, we guaranteed certain prepayment loans made by third-party banks to this former customer group to finance off-take contracts for which we were the off-taker. These guarantees were previously classified as contingent liabilities prior to December 31, 2015 and, as a result, we had recorded a provision of $40.7 million for the expected payments under the guarantees. We paid such amount in the year ended December 31, 2016. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we received proceeds of $39.1 million from risk mitigation assets related to these provisions, of which $35.1 million was credited to profit or loss through a recovery of credit losses and the remainder was credited to trade receivables.

As at December 31, 2016, our management reviewed the underlying contracts, legal documents, credit enhancement instruments and collateral to assess the recoverability of the receivables from this former customer group. This assessment required management to make certain assumptions regarding possible future outcomes and carries a degree of estimation uncertainty. While our management believes that these receivables are collectable, a wide range of possible outcomes was considered in its analysis, which resulted in a probability-weighted valuation below the gross carrying amount. Therefore, we recognized a cumulative allowance for credit losses of $43.9 million due in connection with this former customer group as at December 31, 2016, including an additional provision of $33.3 million which was recognized during the second quarter of 2016. The resulting carrying amount is most sensitive to the assumptions regarding the likelihood of recovering amounts based on the various sources of collateral. The timing of the resolution of the uncertainty related to the recoverability of these receivables is dependent on the legal processes being followed to recovering these amounts. After the recognition of such impairment losses, we had net trade receivables of $100.0 million due from this former customer group as at December 31, 2016.

In 2016, we recognized a net foreign currency transaction gain of $7.5 million, compared to a net foreign currency transaction loss of $0.9 million in 2015, in our consolidated statement of operations. The foreign currency transaction gain and loss primarily represent exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items into our functional currencies at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements and the gains and losses on our foreign currency derivatives.

In 2016, we recognized a net non-cash reversal of $8.6 million in connection with prior impairments on our remaining hydrocarbon properties. In 2015, we recognized non-cash impairment losses of $235.9 million on our resource properties before the recognition of a deferred tax recovery of $46.5 million.

We recognized an income tax expense (other than resource revenue taxes) of $6.0 million in 2016, compared to an income tax recovery of $46.5 million in 2015. Our income tax paid in cash, excluding resource revenue taxes, during 2016 was $2.8 million, compared to $5.0 million in 2015. We also recognized resource revenue taxes of $1.0 million in 2016, compared to $0.3 million in 2015.

Overall, we recognized an income tax expense of $7.0 million (income tax expense of $6.0 million and resource revenue taxes of $1.0 million) in 2016, compared to an income tax recovery of $46.2 million (income tax recovery of $46.5 million and resource revenue taxes of $0.3 million) in 2015. The recovery in 2015 related to impairment losses recognized in 2015.

In 2016, our net loss attributable to shareholders was $25.4 million, or $2.01 per share on a basic and diluted basis, compared to $487.6 million, or $38.61 per share on a basic and diluted basis, in 2015, which included a loss from discontinued operations of $241.4 million, or $19.11 per share on a basic and diluted basis, in 2015.

For 2016, our Operating EBITDA from continuing operations increased to $10.8 million from a loss of $26.1 million for 2015.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The following is a reconciliation of our net loss from continuing operations to Operating EBITDA from continuing operations for each of the years indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Operating EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations
Net loss from continuing operations (1)		$	(23,720 )		$	(244,602 ) (2)
(Reversal) recognition of impairment losses on resource properties			(8,566 )			235,875
Income tax expense (recovery)			7,014			(46,193 )
Finance costs			24,102			22,329
Amortization, depreciation and depletion			11,951			6,450
Operating EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations		$	10,781		$	(26,141 ) (2)

Notes:

(1)

Includes net income attributable to non-controlling interests.

(2)

Includes losses of $51.4 million related to a customer that filed for insolvency in February 2016 and $9.9 million on long-term off-take agreements entered into by a subsidiary acquired in 2014, which have since been terminated.

Please see “ Non-IFRS Financial Measures ” for additional information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

Liquidity is of importance to our business as insufficient liquidity often results in underperformance.

Our objectives when managing capital are:

•

to safeguard our ability to continue as a going concern so that we can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders;

•

to provide an adequate return to our shareholders by pricing products and services commensurately with the level of risk; and

•

to maintain a flexible capital structure that optimizes the cost of capital at acceptable risk.

We set the amount of capital in proportion to risk. We manage our capital structure and make adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust this capital structure, we may issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

Consistent with others in our industry, we monitor capital on the basis of our net debt-to-equity ratio and long-term debt-to-equity ratio. The net debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as net debt divided by shareholders’ equity. Net debt is calculated as total debt less cash and cash equivalents. The long-term debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as long-term debt divided by shareholders’ equity. The computations are based on continuing operations.

The following table sets forth the calculation of our net debt-to-equity ratio as at the dates indicated:

	December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands, except ratio amounts)
Total debt		$	43,733		$	116,813		$	259,038
Less: cash and cash equivalents			(74,870 )			(120,676 )			(197,519 )
Net debt			Not applicable			Not applicable			61,519
Shareholders’ equity			277,780			327,520			367,192
Net debt-to-equity ratio			Not applicable			Not applicable			0.17

There were no amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income relating to cash flow hedges, nor were there any subordinated debt instruments as at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Our net debt-to-equity ratio as at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was not applicable as we had a net cash and cash equivalents balance and, as at December 31, 2015 was 0.17.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The following table sets forth the calculation of our long-term debt-to-equity ratio as at the dates indicated:

	December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands, except ratio amounts)
Long-term debt, less current portion		$	—		$	80,564		$	174,333
Shareholders’ equity			277,780			327,520			367,192
Long-term debt-to-equity ratio			Not applicable			0.25			0.47

During 2017, our strategy, which remained unchanged from 2016 and 2015, was to maintain our net debt-to-equity ratio and long-term debt-to-equity ratio at manageable levels.

Cash Flows

Due to the number of businesses we engage in, our cash flows are not necessarily reflective of net earnings and net assets for any reporting period. As a result, instead of using a traditional cash flow analysis solely based on cash flow statements, our management believes it is more useful and meaningful to analyze our cash flows by overall liquidity and credit availability. Please see the discussion on our financial position, short-term bank loans, facilities and long-term debt below.

Our business can be cyclical and our cash flows can vary accordingly. Our principal operating cash expenditures are for our working capital, proprietary investments and general and administrative expenses.

Working capital levels fluctuate throughout the year and are affected by the level of our merchant banking operations, the markets and prices for commodities, the timing of collection of receivables and the payment of payables and expenses. Changes in the volume of transactions can affect the level of receivables and influence overall working capital levels. We currently have a sufficient level of cash on hand and expected cash flows from operations to meet our working capital and other requirements as well as unexpected cash demands.

The following table presents a summary of cash flows for our continuing operations for each of the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Cash flows (used in) provided by continuing operating activities		$	(3,197 )		$	99,867		$	(95,048 )
Cash flows (used in) provided by continuing investing activities		$	(3,494 )		$	35,482		$	(8,561 )
Cash flows used in continuing financing activities		$	(42,720 )		$	(167,275 )		$	(68,669 )
Exchange rate effect on cash and cash equivalents		$	3,605		$	(37,540 )		$	35,619
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents		$	(45,806 )		$	(69,466 )		$	(145,058 )

Cash Flows from Continuing Operating Activities

Operating activities used cash of $3.2 million in 2017, compared to providing cash of $99.9 million in 2016. In 2017, a decrease in short-term bank borrowings used cash of $34.5 million, compared to an increase in short-term bank borrowings providing cash of $34.7 million in 2016. A decrease in receivables provided cash of $30.2 million in 2017, compared to an increase in receivables using cash of $16.9 million in 2016. A decrease in inventories provided cash of $19.6 million in 2017, compared to $184.9 million in 2016. A decrease in account payables and accrued expenses used cash of $26.5 million in 2017, compared to $124.5 million in 2016. A decrease in assets held for sale provided cash of $12.6 million in 2017 compared to $nil in 2016. The decrease in assets held for sale resulted from the disposition of our non-core Latin American commodities subsidiary. A decrease in deposits, prepaid and other provided cash of $8.4 million in 2017, compared to $24.7 million in 2016.

Operating activities provided cash of $99.9 million in 2016, compared to using cash of $95.0 million in 2015. In 2016, an increase in short-term bank borrowings provided cash of $34.7 million, compared to a decrease in short-term bank borrowings using cash of $137.6 million in 2015. An increase in receivables (including derivative assets) used cash of $16.9 million in 2016, compared to a decrease in receivables providing cash of $57.6 million in 2015, primarily as a result of collections of trade receivables. A decrease in account payables and accrued expenses (including derivative liabilities) used cash of $124.5 million in

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2016, compared to $18.6 million in 2015. A decrease in inventories provided cash of $184.9 million in 2016, compared to $15.7 million in 2015. A decrease in deposits, pre-paid and other, provided cash of $24.7 million in 2016, compared to an increase in deposits, pre-paid and other using cash of $8.6 million in 2015.

Cash Flows from Continuing Investing Activities

Investing activities used cash of $3.5 million in 2017, compared to providing cash of $35.5 million in 2016. In 2017, the disposition of subsidiaries used cash of $8.4 million, compared to providing cash of $48.8 million in 2016. In 2017, sales of property, plant and equipment, net of purchases provided cash of $4.8 million, compared to using cash of $0.2 million in 2016.

Investing activities provided cash of $35.5 million in 2016, compared to using cash of $8.6 million in 2015. Our acquisition of the Bank used cash of $23.9 million (net of cash acquired) and the disposition of subsidiaries provided cash of $48.8 million (net of cash and cash equivalents disposed of). Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net of proceeds from dispositions, used cash of $0.2 million in 2016, compared to $8.0 million in 2015.

Cash Flows from Continuing Financing Activities

Net cash used by financing activities was $42.7 million in 2017, compared to $167.3 million in 2016. A net decrease in debt used cash of $42.3 million in 2017, compared to $165.6 million in 2016.

Net cash used by financing activities was $167.3 million in 2016, compared to $68.7 million in 2015. A net decrease in debt used cash of $165.6 million in 2016, compared to $63.0 million in 2015. In 2015, dividends paid to our shareholders used cash of $4.4 million in connection with the fourth instalment of our 2014 dividend, which was paid in the first quarter of 2015.

Cash Flows from Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operating activities used cash of $7.0 million in 2015.

Discontinued investing activities used cash of $1.4 million in 2015.

Financial Position

The following table sets out our selected financial information as at the dates indicated:

	December 31,
	2017			2016
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	74,870		$	120,676
Short-term cash deposits			194			182
Short-term securities			5,127			5,018
Securities – derivatives			190			1,240
Trade receivables			34,259			135,962
Tax receivables			747			11,743
Other receivables			21,690			35,251
Inventories			9,826			31,954
Real estate held for sale			—			1,066
Deposits, prepaid and other			2,378			12,195
Assets held for sale			—			45,667
Total assets			396,947			650,338
Working capital			56,512			186,278
Short-term bank borrowings			2,074			95,416
Debt, current portion			43,733			36,249
Account payables and accrued expenses			44,750			45,114
Financial liabilities – derivatives			302			6,454
Income tax liabilities			1,910			2,486
Liabilities relating to assets held for sale			—			29,897
Long-term debt, less current portion			—			80,564
Decommissioning obligations			13,699			13,219
Shareholders’ equity			277,780			327,520

TABLE OF CONTENTS

We maintain an adequate level of liquidity, with a portion of our assets held in cash and cash equivalents and securities. The liquid nature of these assets provides us with flexibility in managing and financing our business and the ability to realize upon investment or business opportunities as they arise. We also use this liquidity in client-related services by acting as a financial intermediary for third parties (e.g., by acquiring a position or assets and reselling such position or assets) and for our own proprietary trading and investing activities.

As at December 31, 2017, cash and cash equivalents decreased to $74.9 million from $120.7 million as at December 31, 2016.

Trade receivables and other receivables were $34.3 million and $21.7 million, respectively, as at December 31, 2017, compared to $136.0 million and $35.3 million, respectively, as at December 31, 2016. The reduction in trade receivables included a decrease of $78.6 million of trade receivables due from our former insolvent customer, primarily as a result of the disposition of subsidiaries and other dispositions in 2017. The decrease in other receivables was primarily as a result of the write-off of receivables.

Inventories decreased to $9.8 million as at December 31, 2017, from $32.0 million as at December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of the decision to reduce inventories and exit certain product lines and geographies, partially offset by our acquisition of a metals processing company in the fourth quarter of 2017. $1.5 million of our inventories were contracted at fixed prices or hedged as at December 31, 2017.

Our assets held for sale, consisting of assets related to our former Latin American-focused commodities trading business, decreased to $nil as at December 31, 2017 from $45.7 million as at December 31, 2016. As at December 31, 2017, we had liabilities relating to assets held for sale of $nil, compared to liabilities relating to assets held for sale of $29.9 million, comprised of debt of $20.1 million and other liabilities of $9.8 million, as at December 31, 2016. The decrease was the result of the completion of our sale of a former subsidiary in the first quarter of 2017.

Tax receivables, consisting primarily of refundable value-added taxes, were $0.7 million as at December 31, 2017 and $11.7 million as at December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily the result of the disposition of subsidiaries.

We had short-term securities of $5.1 million as at December 31, 2017, compared to $5.0 million as at December 31, 2016. The increase was primarily as a result of government-issued securities held by our Bank at the date of acquisition.

Deposits, prepaid and other assets were $2.4 million as at December 31, 2017, compared to $12.2 million as at December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily a result of recoveries relating to prepayments for inventories from risk mitigation securities.

We had short-term financial assets relating to hedging derivatives of $0.2 million as at December 31, 2017, compared to $1.2 million as at December 31, 2016. We had current liabilities relating to hedging derivatives of $0.3 million as at December 31, 2017, compared to $5.5 million as at December 31, 2016. We had long-term liabilities relating to hedging derivatives of $nil as at December 31, 2017, compared to $0.9 million as at December 31, 2016.

Account payables and accrued expenses were $44.8 million as at December 31, 2017, compared to $45.1 million as at December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily due to the disposition of subsidiaries.

We had deferred income tax liabilities of $10.3 million as at December 31, 2017, compared to $7.4 million as at the end of 2016. The increase was primarily the result of the additional reversal of impairments in 2017.

Our short-term bank borrowings decreased to $2.1 million as at December 31, 2017, from $95.4 million as at December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of the repayment of borrowings in the first half of 2017 and the disposition of subsidiaries.

Total long-term debt decreased to $43.7 million as at December 31, 2017, from $116.8 million as at December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of debt repayments and the disposition of subsidiaries. As at December 31, 2017, $43.7 million of long-term debt was classified from long-term liabilities to current liabilities. Such long-term debt was due to a bank from two subsidiaries and consisted of two loans for the refinancing of long-term assets. The lender provided notice of acceleration of such indebtedness in 2018. We are in the process of negotiating an extension or other resolution with the lender. However, given the nature of such negotiations, there can be no assurance that an extension will be obtained on favourable terms or at all.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

As at December 31, 2017, we had decommissioning obligations of $13.7 million relating to our hydrocarbon properties.

Short-Term Bank Loans and Facilities

As part of our operations, we establish, utilize and maintain various kinds of credit lines and facilities with banks, brokers and insurers. Most of these facilities are short-term. These facilities are used in our day-to-day structured solutions and merchant banking business. The amounts drawn under such facilities fluctuate with the kind and level of transactions being undertaken.

As at December 31, 2017, we had credit facilities from banks aggregating $29.0 million, comprised of: (i) non-recourse factoring lines for receivables financing of $19.6 million; (ii) a refinancing line at our Bank of $7.5 million; and (iii) a commodities hedging facility of $1.9 million, which allows us to hedge industrial metals and products for our production subsidiaries. All of these facilities are renewable on a yearly basis or usable until further notice.

In 2017, we reduced and eliminated certain customer- and subsidiary-specific credit facilities with which we no longer commercially transact as well as certain foreign exchange credit facilities which were underutilized. We continue to evaluate the benefits of certain facilities that may not have strategic long-term relevance to our business and priorities going forward and may modify or eliminate additional facilities in the future. We do not anticipate that this will have a material impact on our corporate vision or our liquidity.

Long-Term Debt

Other than lines of credit drawn and as may be outstanding for trade financing and structured solutions activities, as at December 31, 2017, the maturities of our long-term debt from our continuing operations were as follows:

Maturity	Principal			Interest			Total
	(In thousands)
2018		$	43,733		$	1,630		$	45,363
2019			—			—			—
2020			—			—			—
2021			—			—			—
2022			—			—			—
Thereafter			—			—			—
		$	43,733		$	1,630		$	45,363

We expect our maturing debt to be satisfied primarily through the settlement of underlying supply chain transactions, trade financing transactions, including structured solutions transactions, cash on hand and cash flows from operations. Much of our maturing debt may either subsequently be made re-available to us by the applicable financial institution or we may replace such facilities with new facilities depending upon particular capital requirements.

In 2018, we received notice from the lender that the long-term debt at our subsidiaries had been called accelerated and called due, and therefore all long-term debt was classified to current liabilities as at December 31, 2017. We are in the process of negotiating an extension or other resolutions with the lender on these subsidiaries’ debts.

Please refer to Note 16 to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 for further information regarding interest rates, maturities and other terms and conditions for our bank debts.

Future Liquidity

We expect that there will be acquisitions of businesses or commitments to projects in the future. To achieve the long-term goals of expanding our assets and earnings, including through acquisitions, capital resources will be required. Depending on the size of a transaction, the capital resources that will be required can be substantial. The necessary resources will be generated from cash flows from operations, cash on hand, borrowings against our assets, sales of proprietary investments or the issuance of securities.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreign Currency

Our consolidated financial results are subject to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

Our presentation currency is the Canadian dollar. We translate subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities into Canadian dollars at the rate of exchange on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at exchange rates approximating those at the date of the transactions or, for practical reasons, the average exchange rates for the applicable periods, when they approximate the exchange rate as at the dates of the transactions. As a substantial amount of revenues is generated in Euros, the financial position for any given period, when reported in Canadian dollars, can be significantly affected by the exchange rates for these currencies prevailing during that period. In addition, we also have exposure to the Chinese yuan and the United States dollar.

In 2017, we reported a net $4.3 million currency translation adjustment loss under other comprehensive loss within equity. This compared to a net loss of $14.6 million in 2016. This currency translation adjustment did not affect our profit and loss statement. The loss in 2017 was primarily a result of the weakening of the Canadian dollar against the Euro and the United States dollar from 2016.

Contractual Obligations

The following table sets out our contractual obligations and commitments from continuing operations as at December 31, 2017 in connection with our long-term liabilities.

	Payments Due by Period (1)
	(In thousands)
Contractual Obligations (2)	Less than 1 Year			1 – 3 Years			3 – 5 Years			More than 5 Years			Total
Long-term debt obligations, including interest		$	45,363		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	45,363
Operating lease obligations			988			548			19			—			1,555
Purchase obligations			67			—			—			—			67
Other long-term liabilities			—			—			—			—			—
Total		$	46,418		$	548		$	19		$	—		$	46,985

Notes:

(1)

Undiscounted.

(2)

This table does not include non-financial instrument liabilities, guarantees and liabilities relating to assets held for sale.

Risk Management

Risk is an inherent part of our business and operating activities. The extent to which we properly and effectively identify, assess, monitor and manage each of the various types of risk involved in our activities is critical to our financial soundness and profitability. We seek to identify, assess, monitor and manage the following principal risks involved in our business activities: market, credit, liquidity, operational, legal and compliance, new business, reputational and other. Risk management is a multi-faceted process that requires communication, judgment and knowledge of financial products and markets. Our management takes an active role in the risk management process and requires specific administrative and business functions to assist in the identification, assessment and control of various risks. Our risk management policies, procedures and methodologies are fluid in nature and are subject to ongoing review and modification.

Inflation

We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our revenues or income over the past two fiscal years. However, increases in inflation could result in increases in our expenses, which may not be readily recoverable in the price of goods or services provided to our clients. To the extent that inflation results in rising interest rates and has other adverse effects on capital markets, it could adversely affect our financial position and profitability.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Summary of Quarterly Results

The following tables provide selected unaudited financial information for the most recent eight quarters:

	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2017			June 30, 2017			March 31, 2017
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Gross revenues		$	38,353		$	57,256		$	67,801		$	110,625
Net loss (1)			(33,895 ) (2)			(7,211 )			(4,654 )			(2,095 )
Loss, per share
Basic			(2.70 )			(0.58 )			(0.37 )			(0.17 )
Diluted			(2.70 )			(0.58 )			(0.37 )			(0.17 )

Notes:

(1)

Attributable to our shareholders.

(2)

Includes a net non-cash reversal of $8.9 million in connection with prior impairments of our remaining hydrocarbon properties, credit losses (net of recoveries) of $17.7 million and losses of $10.4 million on the disposition of subsidiaries.

	December 31, 2016			September 30, 2016			June 30, 2016			March 31, 2016
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Gross revenues		$	186,719		$	257,421		$	329,935		$	357,582
Net loss from continuing operations (1)			(16,696 ) (2)			(7,968 )			(636 )			(61 )
Loss from continuing operations, per share
Basic			(1.32 )			(0.63 )			(0.05 )			(0.01 )
Diluted			(1.32 )			(0.63 )			(0.05 )			(0.01 )
Net loss (1)			(16,696 ) (2)			(7,968 )			(636 )			(61 )
Loss, per share
Basic			(1.32 )			(0.63 )			(0.05 )			(0.01 )
Diluted			(1.32 )			(0.63 )			(0.05 )			(0.01 )

Notes:

(1)

Attributable to our shareholders.

(2)

Includes a net non-cash reversal of $8.6 million in connection with prior impairments on our hydrocarbon properties, credit losses (net of recoveries) of $16.0 million and a gain of $2.6 million on the disposition of subsidiaries.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.

Our management routinely makes judgments and estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. As the number of variables and assumptions affecting the probable future resolution of the uncertainties increase, these judgments become even more subjective and complex. We have identified certain accounting policies that are the most important to the portrayal of our current financial condition and results of operations. Please refer to Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 20-F for a discussion of the significant accounting policies.

The following accounting policies are the most important to our ongoing financial condition and results of operations from continuing operations:

Allowance for Credit Losses

We apply credit risk assessment and valuation methods to our trade and other receivables. Credit losses arise primarily from receivables but may also relate to other credit instruments issued by or on our behalf, such as guarantees and letters of credit. An allowance for credit losses is increased by provisions which are charged to income and reduced by write-offs net of any recoveries.

Provisions are established on an individual receivable basis as well as on gross customer exposures. A country risk provision may be made based on exposures in less developed countries and on our management’s overall assessment of the underlying economic conditions in those countries.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Our allowance for credit losses is maintained at an amount considered adequate to absorb estimated credit-related losses. Such allowance reflects our management’s best estimate of the losses in our receivables and judgments about economic conditions. The assessment of allowance for credit losses is a complex process, which involves a significant degree of judgment and a high level of estimation uncertainty. The input factors include our legal rights and obligations under all the contracts and the expected future cash flows from the receivables and their collateral, which include inventories, mortgages and other credit enhancement instruments. The major source of estimation uncertainty relates to the likelihood of the various scenarios under which different amounts are expected to be recovered through the security in place on the receivables. The expected future cash flows are projected under different scenarios and weighted by probability, which involves the exercise of significant judgment. Estimates and judgments could change in the near-term and could result in a significant change to a recognized allowance.

In addition, we also provide credit losses for our credit exposures arising from guarantees we issued. The loss assessment process, as well as the exercise of judgment and estimation uncertainty, is similar to the preceding paragraph.

Classification of Assets Held for Sale

We apply judgment to determine whether an asset (disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition and its sale is highly probable and therefore should be classified as held for sale at the balance sheet date. In order to assess whether it is highly probable that the sale can be completed within one year or the extension period in certain circumstances, our management reviews the business and economic factors, both macro and micro, which include the industry trends and capital markets. It is also open to all forms of sales, including exchanges of non-current assets for other non-current assets when the exchange will have commercial substance in accordance with IAS 16, Property, Plant and Equipment .

Non-Cash Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

We assess at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, we estimate the recoverable amount of the asset. In assessing whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired, we consider, as a minimum, the following indications:

External sources of information

(a)

during the period, the asset’s market value has declined significantly more than would be expected as a result of the passage of time or normal use;

(b)

significant changes with an adverse effect on the entity have taken place during the period, or will take place in the near future, in the technological, market, economic or legal environment in which the entity operates or in the market to which an asset is dedicated;

(c)

market interest rates or other market rates of return on investments have increased during the period, and those increases are likely to affect the discount rate used in calculating an asset’s value in use and decrease the asset’s recoverable amount materially;

(d)

the carrying amount of the net assets of the entity is more than its market capitalization;

Internal sources of information

(e)

evidence is available of obsolescence or physical damage of an asset;

(f)

significant changes with an adverse effect on the entity have taken place during the period, or are expected to take place in the near future, in the extent to which, or manner in which, an asset is used or is expected to be used. These changes include the asset becoming idle, plans to discontinue or restructure the operation to which an asset belongs, plans to dispose of an asset before the previously expected date and reassessing the useful life of an asset as finite rather than indefinite; and

(g)

evidence is available from internal reporting that indicates that the economic performance of an asset is, or will be, worse than expected.

Income Taxes

Management believes that it has adequately provided for income taxes based on all of the information that is currently available. The calculation of income taxes in many cases, however, requires significant judgment in interpreting tax rules and regulations, which are constantly changing.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Our tax filings are also subject to audits, which could materially change the amount of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Any change would be recorded as a charge or a credit to income tax expense. Any cash payment or receipt would be included in cash from operating activities.

We currently have deferred income tax assets, which are comprised primarily of tax loss carry-forwards and deductible temporary differences, both of which will reduce taxable income in the future. The amounts recorded for deferred income tax assets are based upon various judgments, assumptions and estimates. We assess the realization of these deferred income tax assets on a periodic basis to determine to what extent it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry-forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized. We determine whether it is probable that all or a portion of the deferred income tax assets will be realized, based on currently available information, including, but not limited to, the following:

•

the history of the tax loss carry-forwards and their expiry dates;

•

future reversals of temporary differences;

•

our projected earnings; and

•

tax planning opportunities.

On the reporting date, we also reassess unrecognized deferred income tax assets. We recognize a previously unrecognized deferred income tax asset to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred income tax asset to be recovered.

We provide for future liabilities in respect of uncertain tax positions where additional tax may become payable in future periods and such provisions are based on our management’s assessment of exposures. We do not recognize the full deferred income tax liability on taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates where we are able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. We may change our investment decision in the normal course of our business, thus resulting in additional tax liability.

New Standards and Interpretations Adopted and Not Yet Adopted

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments , referred to as “IFRS 9” , issued in July 2014 is the IASB’s replacement of IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement , referred to as “IAS 39”. IFRS 9 includes requirements for recognition and measurement, impairment, derecognition and general hedge accounting. The version of IFRS 9 issued in 2014 supersedes all previous versions and is mandatorily effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Management completed its assessment of the impacts of IFRS 9 on our consolidated financial statements and does not expect that IFRS 9 will have significant impacts on our consolidated financial statements except for additional disclosures. Accumulated other comprehensive income of $0.5 million on available-for-sale equity securities will be reclassified to opening deficit upon the initial adoption of IFRS 9. In accordance with the transition rules of IFRS 9, we will not restate our consolidated financial statements for prior periods but will recognize the difference between the previous carrying amount and the revised carrying amount on initial application of IFRS9 in opening deficit as at January 1, 2018.

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , referred to as “IFRS 15”, specifies how and when an entity will recognize revenue as well as requiring such entities to provide users of financial statements with more informative, relevant disclosures. The standard provides a single, principles based five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers. IFRS 15 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Management completed its assessment of the impacts of IFRS 15 on our consolidated financial statements and does not expect that IFRS 15 will have significant impacts on our consolidated financial statements except for additional disclosures.

IFRS 16, Leases , referred to as “IFRS 16”, issued in January 2016, introduces a single on-balance sheet model of accounting for leases by lessees that eliminates the distinction between operating and finance leases. Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged and the distinction between operating and finance leases is retained. IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17, Leases , and related interpretations and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier application permitted if IFRS 15 has also been applied. Management will adopt IFRS 16 in 2019 and is currently assessing the impacts of IFRS 16 on our consolidated financial statements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Trend Information

For a discussion of trends relating to revenues derived from our royalty interest, please see “ Item 4: Information on the Company – B. Business Overview – Business Segments – Merchant Banking ”.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

In the normal course of our merchant banking activities, we issue guarantees to our trade and financing partners in order to secure financing facilities. Upon the use or drawdown of the underlying financing facilities, the financing facilities are recorded as liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position such as short-term bank borrowings or debt. Accordingly, the issued guarantees relating to such financing facilities that are used or drawn are not considered contingent liabilities or off-balance sheet transactions. As at December 31, 2017, we had no unrecorded contingent liabilities relating to outstanding guarantees issued to our trade and financing partners in the normal course of our merchant banking activities.

Safe Harbor

The safe harbor provided in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 , as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 , as amended, applies to forward-looking information provided under “Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements ” and “ Liquidity and Capital Resources – Contractual Obligations ”.

ITEM 6: DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A. Directors and Senior Management

We have no arrangement or understanding with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others pursuant to which any of our directors or officers was selected as a director or officer. Each director holds office until the next annual general meeting of our shareholders or until his or her successor is elected or appointed unless such office is earlier vacated in accordance with our memorandum and articles of association, referred to as the “Articles”, or with the provisions of the Cayman Act. The following table sets forth the names of each of our directors and executive officers as at the date hereof:

Name (Age)	Present Position	Date of Commencement of Office with our Company
Michael J. Smith (69)	Chairman, Managing Director, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director		2017
Samuel Morrow (33) (1)	Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer		2017
Gerardo Cortina (62)	Director and former President and Chief Executive Officer		2017
Dr. Shuming Zhao (66) (2)(3)(4)	Director		2017
Indrajit Chatterjee (72) (3)(4)	Director		2017
Silke S. Stenger (49) (2)(3)(4)	Director		2017
Friedrich Hondl (57) (1)(2)	Director		2017
Jochen Dümler (63) (1)(2)(3)	Director		2017

Notes:

(1)

Member of the Risk Committee.

(2)

Member of the Audit Committee.

(3)

Member of the Compensation Committee.

(4)

Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Michael J. Smith – Managing Director, President and Chief Executive Officer

Mr. Smith is the Managing Director, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and has held such positions since June 2017. Mr. Smith was a director of Old MFC since 1986 and was appointed Chairman in March 2016. He was also Old MFC’s Chairman from 2003 to March 2014, Chief Financial Officer from 2010 to March 2014 and President and Chief Executive Officer between 1996 and 2000 and 2010 and May 2014. Mr. Smith has experience in corporate finance and restructuring.

Samuel Morrow – Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer

Mr. Morrow has been our Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer since June 2017. Prior to the completion of the Arrangement, Mr. Morrow was appointed Deputy Chief Executive Officer in May 2014 and was appointed Chief Financial Officer of Old MFC in June 2014. Mr. Morrow is a Chartered Financial Analyst and was most recently a Vice President of MFC in Vienna, Austria. Before joining MFC, Mr. Morrow was Vice President of Tanaka Capital Management and Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of the Tanaka Growth Fund. Mr. Morrow is a graduate of St. Lawrence University.

Gerardo Cortina – Director and Former President and Chief Executive Officer

Mr. Cortina was the Chief Executive Officer, President, and a Director of Old MFC from 2014 to 2017. He is currently the President of Possehl Mexico S.A. de C.V., referred to as “Possehl”, and was the managing director of Possehl from 1986 until June 2014.

Dr. Shuming Zhao – Director

Dr. Zhao is the Senior Distinguished Professor and Honorary Dean of the School of Business, Nanjing University, the People’s Republic of China. He serves as President of the International Association of Chinese Management Research (IACMR, Third Term), Vice President of Chinese Society of Management Modernization, President for Jiangsu Provincial Association of Human Resource Management, and Vice President of Jiangsu Provincial Association of Business Management and Entrepreneurs. Since 1994, Dr. Zhao has acted as management consultant for several Chinese and international firms. Dr. Zhao is also a director of Daqo New Energy Corp. (China) and JSTI Group (China) Ltd. Dr. Zhao has successfully organized and held nine international symposia on multinational business management. Since 1997, Dr. Zhao has been a visiting professor at the Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, USA, the College of Business, University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA and Drucker Graduate School of Management, Claremont Graduate University, USA. Dr. Zhao has lectured in countries including the United States, Canada, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal and Australia. He was a director of Old MFC from 2004 to 2013 and 2014 to 2017.

Indrajit Chatterjee – Director

Mr. Chatterjee is a retired businessman and formerly was responsible for marketing with the Transportation Systems Division of General Electric for India. Mr. Chatterjee is experienced in dealing with Indian governmental issues. He was previously a director of Old MFC from 2005 to 2017.

Silke S. Stenger – Director

Ms. Stenger is an independent business consultant and business leadership coach. She was a former director of Old MFC when it was KHD Humboldt Wedag International Ltd. and has been a director of KHD Humboldt Wedag International AG. Ms. Stenger was the Chief Financial Officer of Management One Human Capital Consultants Limited. She is a certified controller (German Chamber of Commerce IHK) and IFRS accountant, specializing in corporate governance and Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 compliance. Furthermore, she is a business coach by training. Ms. Stenger was a director of Old MFC from 2013 to 2017.

Friedrich Hondl – Director

Mr. Hondl has over 30 years of management experience in the European banking industry and has held several management positions with international banks, including Erste Group Bank, UniCredit and Deutsche Bank, where he was responsible for the international relationship business. From 2013 to 2015, he was the head of Erste Group Bank AG’s Large Corporate International Division and from 2009 to 2012 he was the head of International Corporate Relationship Management of UniCredit Bank Austria AG. He

TABLE OF CONTENTS

also served as chairman of the supervisory board of Intermarket Bank AG from 2014 to 2015 and from 2010 to 2012 was a member of the supervisory board of Oesterreichische Kontrollbank AG (OeKB). OeKB acts as Austria’s Export Credit Agency (ECA) on behalf of the Austrian government and specifically the Federal Ministry of Finance. It is a public and a private export insurer and financial institution. Within this group is the Austrian development bank. As an ECA, OeKB supports corporations financially in their export businesses and protects the business activities of Austrian companies abroad by means of export guarantees, investment guarantees and loan guarantees. Mr. Hondl has also served as a board member of a private foundation since 2007. He was a director of Old MFC from 2015 to 2017.

Jochen Dümler – Director

Mr. Dümler was the President and Chief Executive Officer of Euler Hermes North America from 2010 to 2015. From 2002 to 2010, Mr. Dümler was a member of the Board of Management of Euler Hermes Kreditversicherung AG and, from 1995 to 2002, he was a member of the Board of Management of PRISMA Kreditversicherung AG. Mr. Dümler is a member of the German-American Chamber of Commerce (New York City), a member of the German Executive Roundtable (Washington, D.C.) and a board member of the German-American Partnership Program. He was a director of Old MFC from 2016 to 2017.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among any of our directors and executive officers.

B. Compensation

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, we paid an aggregate of approximately $1.8 million in cash compensation to our directors and officers, excluding directors’ fees. No other funds were set aside or accrued by our company during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for our directors or officers pursuant to any existing plan provided or contributed to by us.

Executive Officers

The following table provides a summary of compensation paid by us during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 to executive officers:

							Non-equity incentive compensation plan compensation ($) (1)
Name and Principal Position	Salary ($)		Share- based awards ($)		Option- based awards ($)		Annual incentive plans		Long- term incentive plans		Pension value ($)		All other compensation ($)		Total compensation ($)
Michael J. Smith Chairman, Managing Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (2)		592,412		—		67,200		—		—		—		281,736 (3)		941,348
Samuel Morrow (4) Chief Financial Officer and Deputy Chief Executive Officer		340,421		—		322,560		—		—		—		110,867 (5)		773,848
Gerardo Cortina (6) Former President and Chief Executive Officer		451,706		—		—		—		—		—		—		451,706

Notes:

(1)

All awards under MFC’s non-equity incentive compensation plans are paid during the financial year they were earned.

(2)

Mr. Smith was appointed our Managing Director, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer in June 2017. He was previously appointed Old MFC’s Managing Director in May 2014 and as Chairman in March 2016. Mr. Smith was appointed Old MFC’s President and Chief Executive Officer in March 2017 to fill the vacancy created by Mr. Cortina’s resignation.

(3)

Consists of housing allowances and expenses.

(4)

Mr. Morrow was appointed our Chief Financial Officer and Deputy Chief Executive Officer in June 2017. He was previously appointed as Old MFC’s Deputy Chief Executive Officer in May 2014 and as Chief Financial Officer in June 2014.

(5)

Consists of medical and other customary perquisites.

(6)

Mr. Cortina resigned as Old MFC’s President and Chief Executive Officer in March 2017.

For the purposes of the above table, compensation amounts were translated to Canadian dollars at the applicable exchange rate at the date of the transaction or, for practical reasons, the average exchange rates for the applicable periods, when they approximate the exchange rates as at the date of the transactions.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Directors’ Compensation

The following table provides a summary of compensation paid by us to, or earned by, the directors of our company during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

Director Compensation Table

Name	Fees Earned ($)		Share- based awards ($)		Option- based awards ($)		Non-equity incentive plan compensation ($)		Pension value ($)		All other compensation ($)		Total ($)
Michael J. Smith (1)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Gerardo Cortina (2)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Dr. Shuming Zhao		106,937		—		64,512		—		—		—		171,449
Indrajit Chatterjee		100,696		—		64,512		—		—		—		165,208
Silke S. Stenger		158,108		—		64,512		—		—		—		222,620
Friedrich Hondl		89,443		—		64,512		—		—		—		153,955
Jochen Dümler		120,707		—		64,512		—		—		—		185,219

Notes:

(1)

Compensation provided to Mr. Smith, in his capacity as managing director is disclosed in the table above under the heading “ Executive Officers ”.

(2)

Compensation provided to Mr. Cortina, in his former capacity as Chief Executive Officer of Old MFC is disclosed in the table above under the heading “ Executive Officers ”.

A total of $0.6 million (excluding non-cash option-based awards) was paid to our directors for services rendered as directors (including as directors of our subsidiaries), or for committee participation or assignments, during our most recently completed financial year. Our directors are each paid an annual fee of US$25,000 and US$2,500 for each director’s meeting attended as well as additional fees, as applicable, for their respective participation on our committees. We also reimburse our directors and officers for expenses incurred in connection with their services as directors and officers.

Pension Plan Benefits

As of December 31, 2017, we did not have any defined benefit, defined contribution or deferred compensation plans for any of our senior officers or directors.

C. Board Practices

Board of Directors

Our Articles provide that the number of directors shall be the greater of three and the number most recently established by the directors. Our directors have currently fixed the size of our board at seven directors.

Pursuant to our Articles, each of our directors holds office until the expiration of his term and until his successor has been elected or qualified. At every annual general meeting of our shareholders, shareholders entitled to vote for the election of directors must, by ordinary resolution, elect the directors. There is no mandatory retirement age for our directors and our directors are not required to own securities of our company in order to serve as directors.

Our Articles do not restrict a director’s power to vote on a proposal, arrangement or contract in which the director is materially interested, vote on compensation to themselves or any other members of their body in the absence of an independent quorum or exercise borrowing powers.

Our board is comprised of Michael J. Smith, Gerardo Cortina, Indrajit Chatterjee, Shuming Zhao, Silke S. Stenger, Friedrich Hondl and Jochen Dümler.

Other than as discussed elsewhere herein, there are no service contracts between our company and any of our directors providing for benefits upon termination of employment.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Committees of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors has established an Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee currently consists of Silke S. Stenger, Dr. Shuming Zhao, Friedrich Hondl and Jochen Dümler. The Audit Committee operates pursuant to a charter adopted by our board of directors on July 12, 2017, a copy of which is available online at our website at www.mfcbancorpltd.com. The Audit Committee is appointed by and generally acts on behalf of the board of directors. The Audit Committee is responsible primarily for monitoring: (i) the integrity of our financial statements; (ii) compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (iii) the independence, qualifications and performance of our independent auditors; and (iv) the performance and structure of our internal audit function. The Audit Committee also reviews and approves our hiring policies, establishes our procedures for dealing with complaints, oversees our financial reporting processes and consults with management and our independent auditors on matters related to our annual audit and internal controls, published financial statements, risk assessment and risk management, accounting principles and auditing procedures being applied.

Our board of directors has established a Compensation Committee. Our Compensation Committee currently consists of Indrajit Chatterjee, Silke S. Stenger, Dr. Shuming Zhao and Jochen Dümler. Our Compensation Committee operates pursuant to a charter adopted by our board of directors on July 12, 2017, a copy of which is available online at our website at www.mfcbancorpltd.com. The Compensation Committee is appointed and generally acts on behalf of the board of directors. The Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing our board compensation practices and our selection, retention and remuneration arrangements for our executive officers and employees and reviewing and approving our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation in light of our corporate goals and objectives. Except for plans that are, in accordance with their terms or as required by law, administered by our board of directors or another particularly designated group, the Compensation Committee also administers and implements all of our incentive compensation plans and equity – based compensation plans. The Compensation Committee also recommends changes or additions to those plans, monitors our succession planning processes and reports to our board of directors on other compensation matters. Our Chief Executive Officer does not vote upon or participate in the deliberations regarding his compensation.

Our board of directors has established a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee currently consists of Indrajit Chatterjee, Silke S. Stenger and Dr. Shuming Zhao. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee operates pursuant to a charter adopted by our board of directors on July 12, 2017, a copy of which is available online at our website at www.mfcbancorpltd.com. The primary function of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is to assist our board of directors in developing our Corporate Governance Guidelines and monitor the board and management’s performance against the defined approach. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is also responsible for evaluating the board and board committees’ structure and size and the independence of existing and prospective directors, identifying and reporting on candidates to be nominated to our board of directors, reporting on the board’s annual performance and overseeing our process for providing information to the board.

Our board of directors has established a Risk Committee. Our Risk Committee currently consists of Jochen Dümler, Friedrich Hondl and Samuel Morrow. The Risk Committee reviews and reports to our board of directors respecting our business risks and risk mitigation strategies.

D. Employees

At December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we employed approximately 230, 448 and 651 people, respectively. Included in the 230 employees at December 31, 2017 were 89 employees at a metals processing subsidiary which we acquired in the fourth quarter of 2017. The decrease in 2017 was as a result of our strategy to exit certain product lines and geographies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

E. Share Ownership

There were 12,534,801 Common Shares, 575,000 stock options and no share purchase warrants issued and outstanding as of April 6, 2018. Of the Common Shares and stock options issued and outstanding on that date, our directors and senior officers, who served in such positions at any time during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, beneficially owned the following Common Shares and held the following stock options:

Name and principal position	Common Shares beneficially owned (#)		Percentage of total Common Shares outstanding (%)		Stock options held (#)
Michael J. Smith Chairman, Managing Director, President and Chief Executive Officer and Director		109,067		0.9 %		12,500 (1)
Dr. Shuming Zhao Director		—		—		12,000 (1)
Indrajit Chatterjee Director		—		—		12,000 (1)
Silke S. Stenger Director		—		—		12,000 (1)
Friedrich Hondl Director		—		—		12,000 (1)
Jochen Dümler Director		—		—		12,000 (1)
Gerardo Cortina Director and former President and Chief Executive Officer		21,964		0.2 %		—
Samuel Morrow Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer		8,478		—*		80,000 (2)

Note:

(1)

The options are exercisable at a price of US$8.76 per Common Share and expire on December 1, 2027.

(2)

60,000 of such options are exercisable at a price of US$8.76 per Common Share and expire on December 1, 2027 and 20,000 of such options are exercisable at US$40.05 per Common Share and expire on April 2, 2019.

Less than 0.1%.

2017 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, referred to as the “Incentive Plan”, was adopted by the Company on July 14, 2017.

Pursuant to the terms of the Incentive Plan, our board of directors, our Compensation Committee or such other committee as is appointed by our board of directors to administer the Incentive Plan, may grant stock options, restricted stock rights, restricted stock, performance share awards, performance share units and stock appreciation rights under the Incentive Plan, establish the terms and conditions for those awards, construe and interpret the Incentive Plan and establish the rules for the Incentive Plan’s administration. Such awards may be granted to employees, non-employee directors, officers or consultants of ours or any affiliate or any person to whom an offer of employment with us or any affiliate is extended. Such committee has the authority to determine which employees, non-employee directors, officers, consultants and prospective employees should receive such awards.

Subject to adjustment for changes in capitalization, the total number of Common Shares subject to all awards under the Incentive Plan is 575,403 Common Shares.

The maximum number of Common Shares which may be issued as incentive stock options (being stock options intended to meet the requirements of an “incentive stock option” under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code) under the Incentive Plan is limited to 400,000. Further, the maximum number of Common Shares that may be granted to any one participant in the Incentive Plan, who is a Covered Employee (as defined in the Incentive Plan) during the fiscal year where such participant’s employment commences, shall be 80,000 and 70,000 for all other fiscal years.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

In addition, the aggregate fair value of Awards (as defined in the Incentive Plan) granted to any one non-employee director cannot exceed $100,000 in any one year, and the aggregate number of securities issuable to all non-employee directors cannot exceed 1% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Shares.

In connection with the Arrangement, 40,000 options were issued under the Incentive Plan. In December 2017, the Company issued 535,000 options to directors, officers, employees and consultants with an exercise price of US$8.76 per Common Share and an expiry date of December 1, 2027.

As at December 31, 2017 and the date hereof, 575,000 awards were outstanding under the Incentive Plan.

ITEM 7: MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A. Major Shareholders

There were 12,534,801 Common Shares issued and outstanding as of April 6, 2018. The following table sets forth, as of the date hereof, persons known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent (5%) of our Common Shares:

Name	Amount Owned		Percent of Class (1)
Peter Kellogg, group (2)		4,132,480		33.0 %
Lloyd Miller, III (3)		2,042,766		16.3 %

Notes:

(1)

Based on 12,534,801 Common Shares issued and outstanding on April 6, 2018.

(2)

Mr. Kellogg controls 2,681,000 of our Common Shares through IAT Reinsurance Company Ltd., referred to as “IAT”. In his public filings, Mr. Kellogg disclaims beneficial ownership of all of the shares, or approximately 21.4% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares, owned by IAT. In addition, in his public filings, Mr. Kellogg disclaims beneficial ownership of 240,000 Common Shares owned by his wife, Cynthia Kellogg.

(3)

As disclosed in a Schedule 13G dated January 23, 2018, Neil Subin succeeded to the position of President and Manager of Milfam, LLC which serves as manager, general partner or investment advisor of a number of entities formerly managed by the late Lloyd Miller, III. He also serves as trustee of a number of Miller family trusts, controls such shares through a number of trusts and wholly-owned corporations. In his public filings, Mr. Subin discloses that he exercises sole dispositive and voting control over 1,911,231 of such shares and shared dispositive and voting control over 131,535 of such shares.

As of April 6, 2018, there were 12,534,801 Common Shares issued and outstanding held by 286 registered shareholders. Of those Common Shares issued and outstanding, 12,530,166 Common Shares were registered in the United States (271 registered shareholders).

The voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of holders of our shares who are not major shareholders.

Peter Kellogg may be considered to control our company as a result of, among other things, his ownership of approximately 33.0% of our Common Shares.

There are no arrangements known to us, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in the control of our company.

B. Related Party Transactions

Other than as disclosed herein, to the best of our knowledge, in the year ended December 31, 2017, there were no material transactions or loans between our company and: (a) enterprises that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries control or are controlled by, or are under common control with, our company; (b) associates; (c) individuals owning, directly or indirectly, an interest in the voting power of our company that gives them significant influence over our company, and close members of any such individual’s family; (d) key management personnel of our company, including directors and senior management of our company and close members of such individuals’ families; or (e) enterprises in which a substantial interest in the voting power is owned, directly or indirectly, by any person described in (c) or (d) or over which such a person is able to exercise significant influence.

In the normal course of operations, we enter into transactions with related parties, which include, among others, affiliates whereby we have a significant equity interest (10% or more) in the affiliates or have the ability to influence the affiliates’ or our operating and financing policies through significant shareholding, representation on the board of directors, corporate charter and/or bylaws. The affiliates also include certain of our directors, President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Chief Operating Officer and their close family members.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

In 2017, in connection with our previously announced strategy to re-allocate capital and resources and exit certain products and geographies, we sold the shares of a non-core Latin America focused commodities trading subsidiary to a company controlled by our former President. Under the transaction, we received total consideration approximately equal to net asset value, including 90,000 Common Shares on a post-Arrangement basis at a price per share of US$9.20 and the release of any further obligations to issue shares in connection with a prior share purchase agreement between the parties.

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

ITEM 8: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with IFRS. Please see “ Item 18: Financial Statements ”.

Legal Proceedings

We are subject to routine litigation incidental to our business and are named from time to time as a defendant in various legal actions arising in connection with our activities, certain of which may include large claims for punitive damages. Further, due to the size, complexity and nature of our operations, various legal and tax matters are outstanding from time to time, including audits and reassessments including relating to our former affiliates, and litigation related thereto. Currently, based upon information available to us, we do not believe any such matters would have a material adverse effect upon our financial condition or results of operations. However, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, we cannot provide certainty as to their outcome. If our current assessments are materially incorrect or if we are unable to resolve any of these matters favorably, there may be a material adverse impact on our financial performance, cash flows or results of operations. Please see Note 14 to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 for further information.

Dividend Distributions

We did not declare or pay any dividends to our shareholders in 2017. The actual timing, payment and amount of dividends paid on our Common Shares is determined by our board of directors, based upon things such as our cash flow, results of operations and financial condition, the need for funds to finance ongoing operations and such other business considerations as our board of directors considers relevant.

B. Significant Changes

Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

ITEM 9: THE OFFER AND LISTING

A. Offer and Listing Details

Since June 18, 2007, our Common Shares have been quoted on the New York Stock Exchange, referred to as the “NYSE”, currently under the symbol “MFCB”. The following table sets forth the high and low quoted prices of our Common Shares on the NYSE for the periods indicated.

	High (US$) (1)		Low (US$) (1)
Annual Highs and Lows
2017		11.35		7.11
2016		12.50		7.80
2015		35.55		7.50
2014		41.25		26.00
2013		51.95		36.25

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	High (US$) (1)		Low (US$) (1)
Quarterly Highs and Lows
2018
First Quarter		8.00		5.69
2017
Fourth Quarter		9.50		7.11
Third Quarter		9.62		1.70
Second Quarter		1.82		1.43
First Quarter		2.27		1.60
2016
Fourth Quarter		2.26		1.98
Third Quarter		2.43		1.66
Second Quarter		2.34		1.56
First Quarter		2.50		1.71
Monthly Highs and Lows
March 2018		6.42		5.90
February 2018		6.90		5.69
January 2018		8.00		6.76
December 2017		8.80		7.11
November 2017		9.32		8.58
October 2017		9.50		8.91

Note:

(1)

Adjusted for the Share Consolidation/Split.

The transfer of our Common Shares is managed by our transfer agent, Computershare, 480 Washington Boulevard, Jersey City, NJ 07310 (Tel: 201-680-5258; Fax: 201-680-4604).

B. Plan of Distribution

Not applicable.

C. Markets

Our Common Shares are quoted on the NYSE under the symbol “MFCB”.

D. Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

E. Dilution

Not applicable.

F. Expenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

ITEM 10: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A. Share Capital

Not applicable.

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

We are an exempted company organized under the Cayman Act. Our registered office is located at 4 th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church Street, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. Pursuant to Section 4 of our Articles, the objects for which our company is established are unrestricted and we have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the Cayman Act, as amended from time to time, or any other law of the Cayman Islands.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The following are summaries of material provisions of our Articles insofar as they relate to our Common Shares.

Board of Directors

Please see “ Item 6.C. Directors, Senior Management and Employees – Board Practices ”.

Common Shares

General. Our authorized capital consists of US$450,000 divided into 300,000,000 Common Shares of US$0.001 par value each and 150,000,000 preference shares divided into US$0.001 par value each. No preference shares were issued and outstanding as of the date hereof. There are no limitations imposed by our Articles on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our Articles governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

Dividends. Holders of our Common Shares may receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board of directors, subject to the preferential rights of any preference shares. Under the Cayman Act, dividends may be declared and paid only out of funds legally available therefor, namely out of either profit or our share premium account, and provided further that a dividend may not be paid if it would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Our Articles provide that our directors may declare and pay a distribution in money or by distribution of specific assets.

Voting. Holders of our Common Shares are entitled to receive notice of and to attend all general meetings of shareholders or separate meetings of holders of Common Shares and are entitled to one vote per share at any such meeting.

A quorum required for a general meeting of shareholders consists of at least two shareholders present or by proxy, representing not less than 20% of the total voting power entitled to vote on the resolutions to be considered at a meeting, unless only one shareholder is entitled to vote on such resolutions in which case the quorum required shall be only the one shareholder.

An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by those shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at a general meeting. Holders of our Common Shares may, among other things, divide or consolidate their shares by ordinary resolution. In general and subject to applicable law, all matters will be determined by a majority of votes cast other than fundamental changes with respect to our company. Various extraordinary corporate transactions including any merger, amalgamation, continuance to another jurisdiction, voluntary winding – up by the court, amendment to the Articles, change of company name or removal of a director must be approved by the shareholders by way of a special resolution. A special resolution is a resolution passed by a majority of not less than two – thirds of such shareholders who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at a general meeting of the Company, or approved in writing by all of the shareholders entitled to vote at a general meeting of the Company. Under the Cayman Act, there is no specific requirement to obtain shareholder approval in connection with the sale, lease or exchange of all, or substantially all, of a corporation’s property.

General Meetings of Shareholders and Shareholder Proposals. Our Articles provide that we may hold an annual general meeting in each year and shall specify the meeting as such with notices calling it, and the annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by our directors. Our directors may convene a meeting of our shareholders with at least 10 days prior notice.

Cayman Islands exempted companies are not required by the Cayman Act to call annual general meetings of shareholders. Our Articles provide that so long as the Company’s shares are listed on the NYSE, we shall hold annual general meetings as required under the applicable rules and regulations of the NYSE.

Cayman Islands law provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our Articles allow shareholders representing in aggregate 20% or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requisitioned, to be held within four months of receipt of the requisition. As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged under the Cayman Act to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Under our Articles, directors may be removed by special resolution of our shareholders.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Directors’ Power to Issue Shares . Our Articles authorize our board of directors to issue additional Common Shares from time to time as our board shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares. Our board of directors may also issue preference shares from time to time in one or more classes or series, each of such class or series to have such voting powers (full or limited or without voting powers) designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof as are stated and expressed, or in any resolution providing for the issue of such class or series adopted by our board.

Our board of directors may also approve the issuance of options, rights or warrants that are exercisable into our shares for such consideration and on such terms as the board may determine.

Variation of Rights. The rights attached to any class or series of our shares (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class or series), whether or not our company is being wound – up, may only be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of a majority of the issued shares of that class or series or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class or series.

Liquidation. The holders of our Common Shares have the right on the winding up, liquidation or dissolution of the Company to participate in the surplus assets of the Company, subject to the rights of any issued and outstanding preference shares.

Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender. We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders thereof, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined, before the issue of such shares, by our board of directors or by a special resolution of our shareholders. We may also repurchase any of our shares provided that the manner and terms of such purchase have been approved by our board of directors or are otherwise authorized by our Articles. Under the Cayman Act, the redemption or purchase of any of our shares may be paid out of our profits or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if we can, immediately following such payment, pay our debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Cayman Act, no such share may be redeemed or repurchased: (a) unless it is fully paid up; (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding; or (c) if the Company has commenced liquidation.

Anti-Takeover Provisions . Our Articles contain certain provisions that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company, including provisions that:

•

authorize our directors to issue preference shares in one or more classes or series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, rights and restrictions of such preference shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders;

•

limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders; and

•

restrict the nomination of directors without advance notice. In the case of an annual meeting, notice must be given to us not less than 30 nor more than 65 days prior to the date of such meeting; provided that if the meeting is to be held on a date that is less than 50 days after the date on which the first public announcement of the date of such meeting was made, notice may be given no later than the close of business on the 10 th day following such announcement. In the case of a special meeting called for the purpose of electing directors that is not also an annual meeting, notice must be provided to us no later than the close of business on the 15 th day following the day on which the first public announcement of the date of such special meeting was made. Additionally, our Articles contain a provision requiring a minimum threshold to requisition a special meeting. Such restrictions may make it more difficult to effect changes to our management.

However, under the Cayman Act and applicable Cayman laws, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our Articles for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.

Calls on Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture. All of our Common Shares are fully paid.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Exempted Company. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Cayman Act. The Cayman Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. Unlike ordinary resident companies, among other things, an exempted company does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies, is not required to have its register of members open to inspection, does not have to hold an annual general meeting, may issue no par value, negotiable or bearer shares and may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands.

C. Material Contracts

There have been no material contracts outside of the ordinary course of business to which we were a party in the last two years.

D. Exchange Controls

There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands. Under Cayman Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of our Common Shares. Please see “ E. Taxation – Cayman Islands Taxation ” for further information.

The Bank is subject to regulations and restrictions imposed in Europe, Malta and other jurisdictions. Please see “

Item 3: Key Information – D. Risk Factors – Risk Factors Relating to Our Business – Risks Relating to Continuing Operations ” for further information.

E. Taxation

The following is a general summary of certain Cayman Islands and United States federal income tax consequences relevant to an investment in our Common Shares. The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. The discussion does not address U.S. state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Cayman Islands and the United States. You should consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Common Shares.

Cayman Islands Taxation

The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty or withholding tax applicable to us or to any holder of our Common Shares. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution brought within, the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. No stamp duty is payable in the Cayman Islands on the issue of shares by, or any transfers of shares of, Cayman Islands companies (except those which hold interests in land in the Cayman Islands). The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.

Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our Common Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our Common Shares, as the case may be, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our Common Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.

Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences

The following is a discussion of certain United States federal income tax matters under current law, generally applicable to a U.S. Holder (as defined below) of our Common Shares who holds such shares as capital assets. This discussion does not address all aspects of United States federal income tax matters and does not address consequences particular to persons subject to certain special provisions of United States federal income tax law such as those described below. In addition, this discussion does not cover any state, local or foreign tax consequences.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The following discussion is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 , as amended, referred to as the “Code”, Treasury Regulations published by the Internal Revenue Service, referred to as the “IRS”, rulings, published administrative positions of the IRS and court decisions that are currently applicable, any or all of which could be materially and adversely changed, possibly on a retroactive basis, at any time. In addition, this discussion does not consider the potential effects, both adverse and beneficial, of any recently proposed legislation that, if enacted, could be applied, possibly on a retroactive basis, at any time. No assurance can be given that the IRS will agree with the statements and conclusions herein, or will not take, or that a court will not adopt, a position contrary to any position taken herein.

The following discussion is for general information only and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal, business or tax advice to any holder or prospective holder of our Common Shares and no opinion or representation with respect to the United States federal income tax consequences to any such holder or prospective holder is hereby made. Accordingly, holders and prospective holders of Common Shares are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to United States federal, state and local tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of our Common Shares.

U.S. Holders

As used in this section, a “U.S. Holder” includes: (i) a holder of our Common Shares who is a citizen or resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof, or any entity which is taxable as a United States corporation for United States tax purposes; (iii) an estate, the income of which is subject to United States federal income tax without regard to its source; or (iv) a trust if (1) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

This summary does not purport to address all material United States federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to a U.S. Holder and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors, some of which (such as tax-exempt entities, banks or other financial institutions, insurance companies, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, U.S. expatriates, investors liable for the alternative minimum tax, partnerships and other pass-through entities, investors that own or are treated as owning 10% or more of our Common Shares, investors that hold the Common Shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion or constructive sale transaction or other integrated transaction, and U.S. holders whose functional currency is not the United States dollar) may be subject to special tax rules. This summary does not address shareholders who acquired their shares through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation.

Distributions

The gross amount of a distribution paid to a U.S. Holder (including amounts withheld in respect of Canadian taxes) in respect of the Common Shares will be subject to United States federal income taxation as ordinary income to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations. Distributions that are taxable dividends and that meet certain requirements will be “qualified dividend income” and will generally be taxed to U.S. Holders who are individuals at a maximum United States federal income tax rate of 20% (subject to the “Passive Foreign Investment Corporation” rules discussed below). Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Common Shares and, to the extent in excess of such tax basis, will be treated as a gain from a sale or exchange of such shares.

Capital Gains

In general, upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of Common Shares, a U.S. Holder will generally recognize a capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or other distribution and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such shares. Such gain or loss will be a United States source gain or loss and will be treated as a

TABLE OF CONTENTS

long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period of the shares exceeds one year. If the U.S. Holder is an individual, any capital gain will generally be subject to United States federal income tax at preferential rates if specified minimum holding periods are met. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.

Foreign Tax Credit

Dividends paid by us generally will constitute income from non-U.S. sources and will be subject to various classification rules and other limitations for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Subject to generally applicable limitations under United States federal income tax law, withholding tax imposed on such dividends, if any, will be treated as a foreign income tax eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder’s United States federal income tax liability (or at a U.S. Holder’s election if it does not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for any foreign taxes paid during the taxable year, all foreign income taxes paid may instead be deducted in computing such U.S. Holder’s taxable income). Generally, it will be more advantageous to claim a credit because a credit reduces United States federal income taxes on a dollar-for-dollar basis, while a deduction merely reduces the taxpayer’s income subject to tax. There are significant and complex limitations which apply to the tax credit, among which are an ownership period requirement and the general limitation that the credit cannot exceed the proportionate share of the U.S. Holder’s United States federal income tax liability that the U.S. Holder’s foreign source income bears to his or its worldwide taxable income. In determining the application of this limitation, the various items of income and deduction must be classified into foreign and United States sources. Complex rules govern this classification process. In general, special rules will apply to the calculation of foreign tax credits in respect of dividend income that is subject to preferential rates of United States federal income tax. The availability of the foreign tax credit and the application of these complex limitations on the tax credit are fact specific and holders and prospective holders of our Common Shares should consult their own tax advisors regarding their individual circumstances.

Passive Foreign Investment Corporation

We do not believe that we are currently a passive foreign investment corporation, referred to as a “PFIC”. However, since PFIC status depends upon the composition of a corporation’s income and assets and the market value of its assets and shares from time to time, there is no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any taxable year. If we were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder held shares, certain adverse United States federal income tax consequences could apply to the U.S. Holder.

If we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, gains recognized by a U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition of shares would be allocated rateably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares. The amount allocated to the taxable year of the sale or other exchange and to any year before we became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as applicable, and an interest charge would be imposed on the amount allocated to such taxable year. Further, any distribution in respect of shares in excess of 125% of the average of the annual distributions on shares received by the U.S. Holder during the preceding three years or the U.S. Holder’s holding period, whichever is shorter, would be subject to United States federal income taxation as described above. Certain elections might be available to U.S. Holders that may mitigate some of the adverse consequences resulting from PFIC status. However, regardless of whether such elections are made, dividends paid by a PFIC will not be “qualified dividend income” and will generally be taxed at the higher rates applicable to other items of ordinary income.

U.S. Holders and prospective holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential application of the PFIC rules to their ownership of our Common Shares.

Medicare Tax

A U.S. Holder that is an individual or estate, or a trust that does not fall into a special class of trusts that is exempt from such tax, will be subject to a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the U.S. Holder’s “net investment income” (or undistributed “net investment income” in the case of estates and trusts) for the relevant taxable year and (2) the excess of the U.S. Holder’s modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold (which in the case of individuals will be between US$125,000 and US$250,000, depending on the individual’s circumstances). A holder’s net investment income will generally include its interest income and its net gains from the disposition of securities, unless such interest income or net gains are

TABLE OF CONTENTS

derived in the ordinary course of the conduct of a trade or business (other than a trade or business that consists of certain passive or trading activities). If you are a U.S. Holder that is an individual, estate or trust, you are urged to consult your own tax advisor regarding the applicability of this Medicare tax.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Under United States federal income tax law and the Treasury Regulations, certain categories of U.S. Holders must file information returns with respect to their investment in, or involvement in, a foreign corporation. For example, certain United States federal income tax return disclosure obligations (and related penalties) are generally imposed on U.S. Holders that hold certain specified foreign financial assets in excess of US$50,000. The definition of specified foreign financial assets includes not only financial accounts maintained in foreign financial institutions, but also, unless held in accounts maintained by a financial institution, any stock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract held for investment that has an issuer or counterparty other than a U.S. person and any interest in a foreign entity. U.S. Holders may be subject to these reporting requirements unless their Common Shares are held in an account at a domestic financial institution. Penalties for failure to file certain of these information returns are substantial. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisers regarding the requirements of filing information returns and, if applicable, filing obligations relating to the PFIC rules.

Dividends paid on, and proceeds from the sale or other taxable disposition of, our Common Shares to a U.S. Holder generally may be subject to United States federal information reporting requirements and may be subject to backup withholding (currently at the rate of 24%) unless the U.S. Holder provides an accurate taxpayer identification number or otherwise demonstrates that it is exempt. The amount of any backup withholding collected from a payment to a U.S. Holder will generally be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s United States federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely submitted to the IRS. A non-U.S. holder generally will be exempt from these information reporting requirements and backup withholding tax but may be required to comply with certain certification and identification procedures in order to establish its eligibility for exemption.

F. Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

G. Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

H. Documents on Display

Documents and agreements concerning our company may be inspected at 2-4 Merrion Row, Dublin, Ireland.

I. Subsidiary Information

For a list of our significant wholly-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries and significant non-wholly-owned subsidiaries, please see “ Item 4: Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure ”.

ITEM 11: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to various market risks from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices that may affect our results of operations and financial condition and, consequently, our fair value. Generally, our management believes that our current financial assets and financial liabilities, due to their short-term nature, do not pose significant financial risks. We use various financial instruments to manage our exposure to various financial risks. The policies for controlling the risks associated with financial instruments include, but are not limited to, standardized company procedures and policies on matters such as hedging of risk exposures, avoidance of undue concentration of risk and requirements for collateral (including letters of credit) to mitigate credit risk. We have risk managers to perform audits and checking functions to ensure that company procedures and policies are complied with.

We use derivative instruments to manage certain exposures to commodity price and currency exchange rate risks. The use of derivative instruments depends on our management’s perception of future economic events and developments. These types of derivatives are often very volatile, as they are highly leveraged, given that margin requirements are relatively low in proportion to their notional amounts.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Many of our strategies, including the use of derivative instruments and the types of derivative instruments selected by us, are based on historical trading patterns and correlations and our management’s expectations of future events. However, these strategies may not be fully effective in all market environments or against all types of risks. Unexpected market developments may affect our risk management strategies during this time, and unanticipated developments could impact our risk management strategies in the future. If any of the variety of instruments and strategies we utilize are not effective, we may incur losses.

Please refer to Note 29 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 for a qualitative and quantitative discussion of our exposure to market risks and the sensitivity analysis of interest rate, currency and other price risks at December 31, 2017.

ITEM 12: DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 13: DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

As at December 31, 2017, we classified all remaining long-term debt under current liabilities after the lender thereunder notified our subsidiary that it had been accelerated and called due in 2018. Please see “

Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Liquidity and Capital Resources ” for further information.

ITEM 14:

MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

A. Modifications to Rights of Security Holders

Old MFC previously adopted an advance notice policy on November 18, 2013, which, among other things, fixed a deadline by which director nominations must be submitted to us prior to our meetings of shareholders and sets forth the information that must be included in such notice in order for such nominee to be eligible for election. Such provisions are incorporated in the Articles of New MFC. In the case of an annual meeting, notice must be given to us not less than 30 nor more than 65 days prior to the date of such meeting; provided that if the meeting is to be held on a date that is less than 50 days after the date on which the first public announcement of the date of such meeting was made, notice may be given no later than the close of business on the 10th day following such announcement. In the case of a special meeting called for the purpose of electing directors that is not also an annual meeting, notice must be provided to us no later than the close of business on the 15th day following the day on which the first public announcement of the date of such special meeting was made.

ITEM 15: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our company’s reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our company’s reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to management, including our company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 , we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F, being December 31, 2017. This evaluation was carried out by our Chief Executive Officer (being our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (being our principal financial officer). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 13d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 , as amended. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets and our consolidated entities;

provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and that receipts and expenditures of our company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and our directors; and

provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In conducting this evaluation, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013).

Based on this evaluation, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2017, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Internal control over financial reporting has inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

ITEM 16: [RESERVED]

ITEM 16A: AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Silke Stenger was appointed Chair of our Audit Committee with effect from July 14, 2017. Our board of directors had determined that Ms. Stenger qualified as an “audit committee financial expert” and was “independent”, as such terms are used in Section 303A.02 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.

ITEM 16B: CODE OF ETHICS

Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct

Our board of directors encourages and promotes a culture of ethical business conduct through the adoption and monitoring of our codes of ethics and conduct, the insider trading policy and such other policies as may be adopted from time to time.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Our board of directors adopted a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Insider Trading Policy on July 12, 2017, referred to as the “Code of Ethics”. Since such adoption, our board of directors has conducted an assessment of its performance, including the extent to which the board and each director comply therewith. It is intended that such assessment will be conducted annually.

A copy of our Code of Ethics is available online at our website at www.mfcbancorpltd.com. A copy of the Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 11.1 to this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

We will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to any person without charge, upon request. Requests can be sent by mail to: MFC Bancorp Ltd., 2-4 Merrion Row, Dublin 2, Ireland.

ITEM 16C: PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Audit Fees

The aggregate fees for audit services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 by Moore Stephens LLP were $797,603 (before goods and services tax). The aggregate fees for audit services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP were $1,706,000 (before goods and services tax).

Audit-Related Fees

$0 was billed by Moore Stephens LLP during the year ended December 31, 2017 for services that were not reported under the category “Audit Fees” above. $21,300 was billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP during the year ended December 31, 2016 for assurance or related services that were reasonably related to the performance of the audit of our financial statements and that were not reported under the category “Audit Fees” above.

Tax Fees

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, no fees were billed by Moore Stephens LLP for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the aggregate fees for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP were $47,000 (before goods and services tax).

All Other Fees

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, no fees were billed by Moore Stephens LLP for services not related to audit or tax. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for all services not related to audit or tax were $3,400 (before goods and services tax), which related to certain financial due diligence matters.

Audit Committee Pre-approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee pre-approves all services provided by our independent auditors. All of the services and fees described under the categories of “Audit-Related Fees”, “Tax Fees” and “All Other Fees” were reviewed and approved by the Audit Committee before the respective services were rendered and none of such services were approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

The Audit Committee has considered the nature and amount of the fees billed for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 by Moore Stephens LLP and by our former auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, and believes that the provision of the services for activities unrelated to the audit is compatible with maintaining the independence of such auditors.

ITEM 16D: EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

Not applicable.

ITEM 16E:

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

In 2017, neither we nor any affiliated purchaser (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ) purchased any of our Common Shares.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ITEM 16F: CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

Effective November 11, 2017, the Company’s former auditors resigned and the Company appointed Moore Stephens LLP as the successor auditor. In connection therewith, the Company provides that during the Company’s fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and through the subsequent interim period on or prior to the resignation of the former auditors: (a) there were no disagreements between the Company and the former auditors on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreement, if not resolved to the satisfaction of the former accountant, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in connection with its report; and (b) no reportable events as set forth in Item 16F(a)(1)(v)(A) through (D) of Form 20-F have occurred.

ITEM 16G: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Our Common Shares are listed on the NYSE. Summarized below are the significant differences between our corporate governance rules and the corporate governance rules applicable to U.S. domestic issuers under the listing standards of the NYSE:

•

Section 303A.03 of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual requires the non-management directors of a listed company to meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management.

While our independent directors (all of whom are non-management directors) meet regularly for committee meetings at which they are all present without non-independent directors or management in attendance, they do not generally hold other regularly scheduled meetings at which non-independent directors and members of management are not in attendance.

•

Section 303A.08 of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual requires shareholder approval of all equity compensation plans and material revisions to such plans.

Our current stock option and the 2014 Plan have been approved by our shareholders. However, while our 2014 Plan provides that amendments may be submitted for shareholder approval by our board of directors to the extent that it deems it necessary or advisable, our plans do not specifically require shareholder approval of material revisions.

ITEM 16H: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

ITEM 17: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Not applicable. Please see “

Item 18: Financial Statements ”.

ITEM 18: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following attached audit reports and financial statements are incorporated herein:

	1. Report of Independent Auditors, Moore Stephens LLP, dated April 11, 2018 on the consolidated financial statements of our company for the year ended December 31, 2017					54
	2. Report of Independent Auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, dated March 31, 2017 on the consolidated financial statements of our company for the year ended December 31, 2016					55
	3. Consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2017 and 2016					56
	4. Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015					57
	5. Consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015					58
	6. Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015					59
	7. Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015					61
	8. Notes to consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017					62

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the board of directors of MFC Bancorp Ltd

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of MFC Bancorp Ltd and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss)/income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

Basis for opinion

The consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and International Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Moore Stephens LLP,

Chartered Accountants
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

150 Aldersgate Street
London
EC1A 4AB
United Kingdom
April 10, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders of
MFC Bancorp Ltd.

We have completed an audit of MFC Bancorp Ltd. and its subsidiaries’ prior years consolidated financial statements. Our opinion, based on our audit is presented below.

Report on the consolidated financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of MFC Bancorp Ltd. and its subsidiaries, which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2016 and the consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2016, and the related notes, which comprise a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.

Management’s responsibility for the consolidated financial statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditor’s responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. Canadian generally accepted auditing standards also require that we comply with ethical requirements.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence, on a test basis, about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the company’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting principles and policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion on the consolidated financial statements.

Opinion

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of MFC Bancorp Ltd. and its subsidiaries as at December 31, 2016 and their financial performance and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2016 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

Other matter

We were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the adjustments and disclosures to retrospectively reflect the share consolidation and subsequent share split described in Note 1. Accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance about whether such adjustments and disclosures are appropriate and have been properly applied. Those adjustments and disclosures were audited by other auditors.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants

Vancouver, Canada
March 31, 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(Canadian Dollars in Thousands)

	Notes		December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents				$	74,870		$	120,676
Short-term cash deposits					194			182
Securities					5,127			5,018
Securities – derivatives					190			1,240
Trade receivables		7			34,259			135,962
Tax receivables					747			11,743
Other receivables		8			21,690			35,251
Inventories		9			9,826			31,954
Real estate held for sale					—			1,066
Deposits, prepaid and other		10			2,378			12,195
Assets held for sale		5			—			45,667
Total current assets					149,281			400,954
Non-current Assets
Securities					771			561
Securities – derivatives					56			—
Real estate held for sale					13,803			13,035
Investment property		11			37,660			35,663
Property, plant and equipment		12			83,954			99,443
Interests in resource properties		13			92,551			79,147
Deferred income tax assets		14			16,694			16,647
Other					2,132			4,072
Other, restricted					45			816
Total non-current assets					247,666			249,384
				$	396,947		$	650,338
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Short-term bank borrowings		15		$	2,074		$	95,416
Debt, current portion		16			43,733			36,249
Account payables and accrued expenses		17			44,750			45,114
Financial liabilities – derivatives					302			5,514
Income tax liabilities					1,910			2,486
Liabilities relating to assets held for sale		5			—			29,897
Total current liabilities					92,769			214,676
Long-term Liabilities
Debt, less current portion		16			—			80,564
Financial liabilities – derivatives					—			940
Accrued pension obligations, net		18			—			3,259
Decommissioning obligations		19			13,699			13,219
Deferred income tax liabilities		14			10,303			7,353
Other					227			897
Total long-term liabilities					24,229			106,232
Total liabilities					116,998			320,908
Equity
Capital stock, fully paid		20			16			419,916
Additional paid-in capital					312,132			—
Treasury stock		20			(2,643 )			(61,085 )
Contributed surplus					16,666			15,417
Deficit					(87,183 )			(88,920 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income					38,792			42,192
Shareholders’ equity					277,780			327,520
Non-controlling interests					2,169			1,910
Total equity					279,949			329,430
				$	396,947		$	650,338

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
(Canadian Dollars in Thousands, Except per Share Amounts)

	Notes		2017			2016			2015
Gross revenues		21		$	274,035		$	1,131,657		$	1,629,100
Costs and expenses:
Costs of sales and services		21			263,586			1,061,052			1,573,868
Selling, general and administrative					45,472			79,164			86,648
Share-based compensation – selling, general and administrative		22			2,876			—			—
Finance costs					8,415			24,102			22,329
Impairment of available-for-sale securities					—			91			245
(Reversal of) impairment of hydrocarbon and resource properties					(8,945 )			(8,566 )			235,875
Exchange differences on foreign currency transactions, net loss (gain)					1,038			(7,480 )			930
					312,442			1,148,363			1,919,895
Loss from operations before income taxes					(38,407 )			(16,706 )			(290,795 )
Income tax (expense) recovery:
Income taxes					(6,885 )			(5,994 )			46,518
Resource revenue taxes					(1,773 )			(1,020 )			(325 )
		23			(8,658 )			(7,014 )			46,193
Loss from continuing operations					(47,065 )			(23,720 )			(244,602 )
Loss from discontinued operations		5			—			—			(241,402 )
Net loss for the year					(47,065 )			(23,720 )			(486,004 )
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests					(790 )			(1,641 )			(1,626 )
Net loss attributable to owners of the parent company				$	(47,855 )		$	(25,361 )		$	(487,630 )
Basic loss per share:
Continuing operations		24		$	(3.81 )		$	(2.01 )		$	(19.50 )
Discontinued operations		24			—			—			(19.11 )
				$	(3.81 )		$	(2.01 )		$	(38.61 )
Diluted loss per share:
Continuing operations		24		$	(3.81 )		$	(2.01 )		$	(19.50 )
Discontinued operations		24			—			—			(19.11 )
				$	(3.81 )		$	(2.01 )		$	(38.61 )
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
– basic		24			12,544,141			12,628,454			12,628,454
– diluted		24			12,544,141			12,628,454			12,628,454

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
(Canadian Dollars in Thousands)

	2017			2016			2015
Net loss for the year		$	(47,065 )		$	(23,720 )		$	(486,004 )
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes:
Items that will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Exchange differences arising from translating financial statements of foreign operations			7,002			(14,067 )			79,355
Reclassification adjustment for exchange differences to statements of operations for subsidiaries disposed of			(11,306 )			(560 )			143
Net exchange difference			(4,304 )			(14,627 )			79,498
Fair value gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities			542			(73 )			(293 )
Reclassification of fair value (gain) loss on available-for-sale securities to statements of operations for securities disposed of or impaired			(52 )			141			245
Net fair value gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities			490			68			(48 )
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Remeasurement of net defined benefit liabilities			219			192			(298 )
			(3,595 )			(14,367 )			79,152
Total comprehensive loss for the year			(50,660 )			(38,087 )			(406,852 )
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests			(683 )			(1,585 )			(2,028 )
Comprehensive loss attributable to owners of the parent company		$	(51,343 )		$	(39,672 )		$	(408,880 )
Consisting of: Continuing operations		$	(51,343 )		$	(39,672 )		$	(167,478 )
Discontinued operations			—			—			(241,402 )
		$	(51,343 )		$	(39,672 )		$	(408,880 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
(Canadian Dollars in Thousands)

	Capital Stock					Treasury Stock					Contributed Surplus									Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Number of Shares		Amount			Number of Shares		Amount			Share-based Compensation			Contingently Issuable Shares			Retained Earnings (Deficit)			Available- for-sale Securities			Defined Benefit Obligations			Currency Translation Adjustment			Share- holders’ Equity			Non- controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2014		17,305,673		$	419,655		(4,687,218 )		$	(61,085 )		$	13,790		$	1,830		$	424,129		$	(49 )		$	1,444		$	(21,997 )		$	777,717		$	1,216		$	778,933
Net (loss) income		—			—		—			—			—			—			(487,630 )			—			—			—			(487,630 )			1,626			(486,004 )
Disposition of a subsidiary		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			(1,645 )			—			(1,645 )			—			(1,645 )
Issuance of contingently issuable shares		10,000			261		—			—			—			(203 )			(58 )			—			—			—			—			—			—
Dividends paid		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(1,236 )			(1,236 )
Net fair value loss		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			(48 )			—			—			(48 )			—			(48 )
Net loss on remeasurements		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			(298 )			—			(298 )			—			(298 )
Net exchange differences		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			79,096			79,096			402			79,498
Balance at December 31, 2015		17,315,673			419,916		(4,687,218 )			(61,085 )			13,790			1,627			(63,559 )			(97 )			(499 )			57,099			367,192			2,008			369,200
Net (loss) income		—			—		—			—			—			—			(25,361 )			—			—			—			(25,361 )			1,641			(23,720 )
Dividends paid		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(1,683 )			(1,683 )
Net fair value gain		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			68			—			—			68			—			68
Net gain on remeasurements		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			192			—			192			—			192
Net exchange differences		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(14,571 )			(14,571 )			(56 )			(14,627 )
Balance at December 31, 2016		17,315,673			419,916		(4,687,218 )			(61,085 )			13,790			1,627			(88,920 )			(29 )			(307 )			42,528			327,520			1,910			329,430
Repurchase and cancellation of shares and cancellation of shares and equity instruments		(90,000 )			(2,856 )		—			—			—			(1,627 )			3,165			—			—			—			(1,318 )			—			(1,318 )
Plan of arrangement – purchase of fractional shares		(3,654 )			(41 )		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(41 )			—			(41 )
Plan of arrangement – cash distributions		—			(2 )		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(2 )			—			(2 )
Plan of arrangement – offsetting deficit		—			(87,850 )		—			—			—			—			87,850			—			—			—			—			—			—
Plan of arrangement – share capital restructuring		(4,621,571 )			(17,019 )		4,621,571			58,442			—			—			(41,423 )			—			—			—			—			—			—
Shares issued to non- controlling interests, net of subscription receivables		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			1,177			1,177
Net loss		—			—		—			—			—			—			(47,855 )			—			—			—			(47,855 )			790			(47,065 )
Dividends paid		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(1,601 )			(1,601 )
Share based compensation		—			—		—			—			2,876			—			—			—			—			—			2,876			—			2,876
Net fair value gain		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			490			—			—			490			—			490
Net gain on remeasurements		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			219			—			219			—			219
Disposition of subsidiaries		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			88			—			88			—			88
Net exchange differences		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(4,197 )			(4,197 )			(107 )			(4,304 )
Balance at December 31, 2017		12,600,448		$	312,148		(65,647 )		$	(2,643 )		$	16,666		$	—		$	(87,183 )		$	461		$	—		$	38,331		$	277,780		$	2,169		$	279,949

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (CONTINUED)
For the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
(Canadian Dollars in Thousands)

Total Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Years ended December 31,	Owners of the Parent Company			Non- controlling Interests			Total
2015		$	(408,880 )		$	2,028		$	(406,852 )
2016			(39,672 )			1,585			(38,087 )
2017			(51,343 )			683			(50,660 )

	Common Shares					Preferred Shares*					Total Capital Stock
Components of Capital Stock	Number of Shares		Amount			Number of Shares		Amount			Number of Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2014		12,684,102		$	402,636		4,621,571		$	17,019		17,305,673		$	419,655
Issuance of contingently issuable shares		10,000			261		—			—		10,000			261
Balance at December 31, 2015 and 2016		12,694,102			402,897		4,621,571			17,019		17,315,673			419,916
Issuance of contingently issuable shares		(90,000 )			(2,856 )		—			—		(90,000 )			(2,856 )
Plan of arrangement		(3,654 )			(87,893 )		(4,621,571 )			(17,019 )		(4,625,225 )			(104,912 )
Balance at December 31, 2017		12,600,448		$	312,148		—		$	—		12,600,448		$	312,148

All Preferred Shares were held by the Group as Treasury Stock

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
(Canadian Dollars in Thousands)

	2017			2016			2015
Cash flows from continuing operating activities:
Net loss for the year		$	(47,065 )		$	(23,720 )		$	(244,602 )
Adjustments for:
Amortization, depreciation and depletion			6,732			11,951			6,450
Exchange differences on foreign currency transactions			1,038			(7,480 )			930
Loss on short-term securities			1			66			84
Loss (gain) on dispositions of subsidiaries			10,219			(2,585 )			—
Impairment of available-for-sale securities			—			91			245
(Reversal of) impairment of hydrocarbon and resource properties			(8,945 )			(8,566 )			235,875
Share-based compensation			2,876			—			—
Deferred income taxes			3,141			1,454			(50,800 )
Market value (increase) decrease on commodity inventories			(400 )			4,273			1,910
Interest accretion			412			471			148
Credit losses			23,923			18,277			54,528
Write-offs of payables			(3,779 )			—			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions:
Short-term cash deposits			—			39			(33 )
Short-term securities			—			3,997			80
Restricted cash			—			624			60
Receivables			30,188			(16,869 )			57,608
Inventories			19,588			184,944			15,650
Deposits, prepaid and other			8,361			24,661			(8,596 )
Assets held for sale			12,636			—			—
Short-term bank borrowings			(34,513 )			34,707			(137,621 )
Account payables and accrued expenses			(26,513 )			(124,528 )			(18,555 )
Income tax liabilities			21			(1,576 )			(975 )
Accrued pension assets, net of obligations			(54 )			43			(760 )
Other			(1,064 )			(407 )			(6,674 )
Cash flows (used in) provided by continuing operating activities			(3,197 )			99,867			(95,048 )
Cash flows from continuing investing activities:
Dispositions (purchases) of property, plant and equipment, net			4,783			(198 )			(8,045 )
Acquisition of intangible assets			(765 )			—			—
Proceeds from sales of investments, net			526			10,138			—
Increase in loan receivables			(590 )			(366 )			(2 )
Decrease in loan receivables			725			693			429
Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired			(44 )			(23,926 )			—
Dispositions of subsidiaries, net of cash and cash equivalents disposed of			(8,384 )			48,796			—
Other			255			345			(943 )
Cash flows (used in) provided by continuing investing activities			(3,494 )			35,482			(8,561 )
Cash flows from continuing financing activities:
Debt repayment			(42,253 )			(186,286 )			(68,707 )
Debt borrowing			—			20,694			5,662
Cash paid under the plan of arrangement			(43 )			—			—
Shares issued to non-controlling interests			1,177			—			—
Dividends paid to shareholders			—			—			(4,388 )
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests			(1,601 )			(1,683 )			(1,236 )
Cash flows used in continuing financing activities			(42,720 )			(167,275 )			(68,669 )
Cash flows used in discontinued operating activities			—			—			(7,004 )
Cash flows used in discontinued investing activities			—			—			(1,395 )
Exchange rate effect on cash and cash equivalents			3,605			(37,540 )			35,619
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents			(45,806 )			(69,466 )			(145,058 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year			120,676			197,519			344,891
Cash and cash equivalents included in assets held for sale, net			—			(7,377 )			(2,314 )
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year		$	74,870		$	120,676		$	197,519
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year consisted of:
Cash		$	74,870		$	113,591		$	120,805
Money market and highly liquid funds			—			7,085			76,714
		$	74,870		$	120,676		$	197,519
Supplemental cash flows disclosure (see Note 27)
Interest received		$	1,079		$	3,632		$	4,233
Dividends received			—			6			7
Interest paid			(4,575 )			(14,533 )			(15,273 )
Income taxes paid			(1,704 )			(3,317 )			(5,345 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 1. Nature of Business

On July 14, 2017, MFC Bancorp Ltd. (“Old MFC”), a corporation under the laws of British Columbia and MFC Bancorp Ltd. (“New MFC”), a corporation under the laws of the Cayman Islands, completed a plan of arrangement (the “Arrangement”) under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia). Pursuant to the Arrangement, among other things: (i) The common shares of Old MFC (the “Old MFC Shares”) were consolidated on a 100 for 1 basis, with any resulting fractional shares being eliminated and, thereafter, such Old MFC Shares were split on a 1 for 20 basis (the “Share Consolidation/Split”); (ii) Old MFC’s stated shareholders’ capital was reduced by an amount equal to its retained deficit; and (iii) each Old MFC Share outstanding after the completion of the Share Consolidation/Split was exchanged for one common share of U.S. $0.001 par value each of New MFC and US$0.0001 per share in cash. In these consolidated financial statements, the numbers of shares and the earnings per share in the prior periods have been restated to reflect the Share Consolidation/Split.

As a result of the Arrangement, New MFC became a successor issuer to Old MFC for financial reporting purposes. The Arrangement was not a business combination, but an internal capital reorganization. Upon completion of the Arrangement, New MFC controls and operates the same assets and business as Old MFC. The Arrangement did not involve any change in the beneficial ownership of the group nor any change to the nature and scale of its operations, save for changing the place of incorporation of the holding company of the Group from Canada to the Cayman Islands. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements of New MFC is a continuation of Old MFC’s existing and on-going activities with assets and liabilities at book values, and include Old MFC’s full results for the year, including comparatives. Unless the context otherwise indicates, references to the “Company” or “MFC Bancorp” are to New MFC.

MFC Bancorp and the entities it controls are collectively known as the “Group” in these consolidated financial statements. The Group is a merchant bank that provides financial services and facilitates structured trade for corporations and institutions. The Group commits its own capital to promising enterprises and invests and otherwise captures investment opportunities for its own account. The Group seeks to invest in businesses or assets whose intrinsic value is not properly reflected. The Group’s investing activities are generally not passive. The Group actively seeks investments where its financial expertise and management can add or unlock value.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A. Basis of Presentation

Basis of Accounting

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the “IASB”). MFC Bancorp complies with all the requirements of IFRS.

These consolidated financial statements were prepared using going concern, accrual (except for cash flow information) and historical cost (except for investment property and certain inventories, financial assets and financial liabilities which are measured at fair value and certain assets that are measured at fair value less costs to sell or of disposal) bases.

The presentation currency of these consolidated financial statements is the Canadian dollar ($), rounded to the nearest thousand (except per share amounts).

Principles of Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MFC Bancorp and entities it controls. The Company controls an investee if and only if it has all the following: (a) power over the investee; (b) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and (c) the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of its returns. When the Group holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting power of the investee, it is presumed that the Group controls the investee, unless it can be clearly demonstrated that this is not the case. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date of their acquisition, being the date on which the Group obtains control, and continue to be consolidated until

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

the date that such control ceases. All intercompany balances and transactions, including unrealized profits arising from intragroup transactions, have been eliminated in full. Unrealized losses are eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

On the acquisition date, a non-controlling interest is measured at either its fair value or its proportionate share in the recognized amounts of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets, on a transaction-by-transaction basis. Subsequently, non-controlling interest increases or decreases for its share of changes in equity since the acquisition date.

After initial consolidation of a subsidiary, when the proportion of equity held by non-controlling interests changes, the Group adjusts the carrying amounts of the controlling and non-controlling interests to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiary. The Group recognizes directly in equity any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received and attributes such difference to the owners of MFC Bancorp.

When the Group loses control of a subsidiary it: (a) derecognizes (i) the assets (including any goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary at their carrying amounts at the date when control is lost and (ii) the carrying amount of any non-controlling interests in the former subsidiary at the date when control is lost (including any components of other comprehensive income attributable to them); (b) recognizes (i) the fair value of the consideration received, if any, from the transaction, event or circumstances that resulted in the loss of control, (ii) if the transaction, event or circumstances that resulted in the loss of control involves a distribution of shares of the subsidiary to owners in their capacity as owners, that distribution and (iii) any investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value at the date when control is lost; (c) reclassifies to profit or loss, or transfers directly to retained earnings if required by IFRS, the amounts recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to the subsidiary; and (d) recognizes any resulting difference as a gain or loss in profit or loss attributable to the owners of MFC Bancorp.

The financial statements of MFC Bancorp and its subsidiaries used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are prepared as of the same date, using uniform accounting policies for like transactions and other events in similar circumstances.

Foreign Currency Translation

The presentation currency of the Group’s consolidated financial statements is the Canadian dollar.

MFC Bancorp conducts its business throughout the world through its foreign operations. Foreign operations are entities that are subsidiaries, associates, joint arrangements or branches, the activities of which are based or conducted in countries or currencies other than those of MFC Bancorp. Functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates and is normally the currency in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. Foreign currency is a currency other than the functional currency of the entity. The functional currencies of the Company and its subsidiaries and branches primarily comprise the Canadian dollar, Euro (“EUR” or “€”) and the United States dollar (“US$”).

Reporting foreign currency transactions in the functional currency

A foreign currency transaction is a transaction that is denominated or requires settlement in a foreign currency. A foreign currency transaction is recorded, on initial recognition in an entity’s functional currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction. At the end of each reporting period: (a) foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate; (b) non-monetary items denominated in a foreign currency that are measured in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and (c) foreign currency non-monetary items that are measured at fair value are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous periods are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise, except for exchange differences arising on a monetary item that forms part of a reporting entity’s net investment in a foreign operation which are initially recorded in other comprehensive income in the consolidated financial statements and reclassified from equity to profit or loss on disposal of the net investment.

When a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognized in other comprehensive income, any exchange component of that gain or loss is recognized in other comprehensive income. Conversely, when a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognized in profit or loss, any exchange component of that gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss.

Use of a presentation currency other than the functional currency

When an entity presents its financial statements in a currency that differs from its functional currency, the results and financial position of the entity are translated into the presentation currency using the following procedures: (a) assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of the statement of financial position; (b) income and expenses for each statement of operations presented are translated at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions or, for practical reasons, the average exchange rates for the periods when they approximate the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions; (c) individual items within equity are translated at either the historical exchange rates when practical or at the closing exchange rates at the date of the statement of financial position; and (d) all resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income.

The following table sets out exchange rates for the translation of the Euro and U.S. dollar, which represented the major trading currencies of the Group, into the Canadian dollar:

	EUR		US$
Closing rate at December 31, 2017		1.5052		1.2545
Average rate for the year 2017		1.4650		1.2986
Closing rate at December 31, 2016		1.4169		1.3427
Average rate for the year 2016		1.4660		1.3248
Closing rate at December 31, 2015		1.5029		1.3840
Average rate for the year 2015		1.4182		1.2787

Fair Value Measurement

Certain assets and liabilities of the Group are measured at fair value (see Note 2B. Significant Accounting Policies).

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value measurement is for a particular asset or liability. Therefore, when measuring fair value, the Group takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

(a)

in the principal market for the asset or liability; or

(b)

in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The Group measures the fair value of an asset or a liability using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data is available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs. IFRS 13, Fair Value Measurement (“IFRS 13”) , establishes a fair value hierarchy that categorizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels:

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date.

Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Assessing the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, considering factors specific to the asset or liability.

Non-current Assets Held for Sale

A non-current asset (or disposal group) is classified as held for sale if its carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. For this to be the case, the asset (or disposal group) must be available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for the sale of such asset (or disposal group), the appropriate level of management must be committed to a plan to sell the asset (or disposal group) and an active program to locate a buyer and complete the plan must have been initiated. Further, the asset (or disposal group) must be actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value and the sale is highly probable to complete within one year from the date of classification, except as permitted under certain events and circumstances. If the aforesaid criteria are no longer met, the Group ceases to classify the asset (or disposal group) as held for sale.

Non-current assets (and disposal groups) classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amounts and fair values less costs to sell. The Group does not depreciate or amortize a non-current asset while it is classified as held for sale.

When the criteria for non-current assets held for sale are no longer met, the Group ceases to classify the asset (or disposal group) as held for sale. The Group measures a non-current asset (or disposal group) that ceases to be classified as held for sale at the lower of: (a) its carrying amount before the asset (or disposal group) was classified as held for sale, adjusted for any depreciation, amortization or revaluations that would have been recognized had the asset (or disposal group) not been classified as held for sale; and (b) its recoverable amount at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions and Measurement Uncertainty

The timely preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management’s best estimates are based on the facts and circumstances available at the time estimates are made, historical experience, general economic conditions and trends and management’s assessment of probable future outcomes of these matters. Actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences could be material. For critical judgments in applying accounting policies and major sources of estimation uncertainty (see Notes 2C and 2D).

B. Significant Accounting Policies

(i) Financial Instruments

All financial assets and financial liabilities are classified by characteristic and/or management intent. Except for certain financial instruments which are excluded from the scope, all financial assets are classified into one of four categories: (a) at fair value through profit or loss; (b) held-to-maturity; (c) loans and receivables; and (d) available-for-sale, and all financial liabilities are classified into one of two categories: (a) at fair value through profit or loss; and (b) at amortized cost.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

A financial asset or financial liability at fair value through profit or loss is a financial asset or financial liability that meets either of the following conditions: (a) it is classified as held for trading if it is (i) acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of selling or repurchasing it in the near term, (ii) part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit taking, or (iii) a derivative, except for a derivative that is a designated and effective hedging instrument; or (b) it is designated by the Group upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss when certain conditions are met. Generally, a financial instrument cannot be reclassified out of the fair value through profit or loss category while it is held or issued, except in rare circumstances.

Available-for-sale financial assets are those non-derivative financial assets that are designated as available for sale, or that are not classified as loans and receivables, held-to-maturity investments, or at fair value through profit or loss.

Non-derivative financial liabilities are classified as financial liabilities measured at amortized cost.

When a financial asset or financial liability is recognized initially, the Group measures it at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset or financial liability not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset or financial liability. Transaction costs related to the acquisition or issue of a financial asset or financial liability at fair value through profit or loss are expensed as incurred. The subsequent measurement of a financial instrument and the recognition of associated gains and losses are determined by the financial instrument classification.

After initial recognition, the Group measures financial assets, including derivatives that are assets, at their fair values, without any deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale or other disposal, except for the following financial assets: (a) held-to-maturity investments which are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method; (b) loans and receivables which are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method; and (c) investments in equity instruments that do not have a quoted market price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured and derivatives that are linked to and must be settled by delivery of such unquoted equity instruments which are measured at cost. All financial assets except those measured at fair value through profit or loss are subject to review for impairment.

After initial recognition, the Group measures all financial liabilities at amortized cost using the effective interest method, except for financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (including derivatives that are liabilities), which are measured at their fair values (except for derivative liabilities that are linked to and must be settled by delivery of unquoted equity instruments whose fair value cannot be reliably measured, which should be measured at cost).

Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are accounted for at the settlement date.

A gain or loss on a financial asset or financial liability classified as at fair value through profit or loss is recognized in profit or loss for the period in which it arises. A gain or loss on an available-for-sale financial asset is recognized in other comprehensive income, except for impairment losses, until the financial asset is derecognized, at which time the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income is recognized in profit or loss for the period. For financial assets and financial liabilities carried at amortized cost, a gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss when the financial asset or financial liability is derecognized or impaired and through the amortization process.

Whenever quoted market prices are available, bid prices are used for the measurement of fair value of financial assets while ask prices are used for financial liabilities. When the market for a financial instrument is not active, the Group establishes fair value by using a valuation technique. Valuation techniques include using recent arm’s length market transactions between knowledgeable, willing parties, if available; reference to the current fair value of another financial instrument that is substantially the same; discounted cash flow analysis; option pricing models; and other valuation techniques commonly used by market participants to price the financial instrument.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(ii) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash at banks and highly liquid investments (e.g. money market funds) readily convertible to a known amount of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of change in value. They have maturities of three months or less from the date of acquisition and are generally interest-bearing.

(iii) Securities

Securities are classified as at fair value through profit or loss (i.e. held for trading) or short-term or long-term available-for-sale securities.

Publicly-traded securities (debt and equity) which are acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the near term are classified as held for trading. Securities held for trading are measured at their bid prices on the reporting date.

Available-for-sale securities consist of publicly-traded securities and unlisted equity securities which are not held for trading and not held to maturity. Long-term available-for-sale securities are purchased with the intention to hold until market conditions render alternative investments more attractive. Short-term available-for-sale securities are held with the intention of management to sell within the current operating cycle but do not meet the definition of trading securities.

When a decline in the fair value of an available-for-sale security has been recognized in other comprehensive income and there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, the cumulative loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment even though the security has not been derecognized. A significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of an investment in an equity instrument below its cost is an objective evidence of impairment. The Group considers a decline in excess of 25 percent generally as significant and a decline in a quoted market price that persists for 15 months as prolonged. Impairment losses recognized in profit or loss for an investment in an equity instrument classified as available for sale shall not be reversed through profit or loss.

If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classified as available for sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss, the impairment loss shall be reversed, with the amount of the reversal recognized in profit or loss.

Gains and losses on sales of securities are calculated on the average cost basis.

(iv) Securities and Financial Liabilities – Derivatives

A derivative is a financial instrument or other contract with all three of the following characteristics: (a) its value changes in response to the change in a specified interest rate, financial instrument price, product price, foreign exchange rate, index of prices or rates, credit rating or credit index, or other variable; (b) it requires no initial net investment or an initial net investment that is smaller than would be required for other types of contracts that would be expected to have a similar response to changes in market factors; and (c) it is settled at a future date. A derivative financial instrument is either exchange-traded or negotiated. A derivative financial instrument is included in the consolidated statement of financial position as a security (i.e. financial asset) or a financial liability and measured at fair value. The recognition and measurement of a derivative financial instrument under IAS 39 , Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (“IAS 39”) , does not apply to a contract that is entered into and continues to be held for the purpose of the receipt or delivery of a non-financial item in accordance with the Group’s expected purchase, sale or usage requirements.

Derivatives embedded in other financial instruments or other host contracts are separated from the host contracts and accounted for separately as derivatives in the consolidated statement of financial position when their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contract.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Where the Group has both the legal right and intent to settle derivative assets and liabilities simultaneously with the counterparty, the net fair value of the derivative financial instruments is reported as an asset or liability, as appropriate.

Changes in the fair values of derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognized in profit or loss as they arise.

(v) Receivables

Receivables are classified as loans and receivables and are measured at amortized cost.

Receivables are net of an allowance for credit losses, if any. The Group performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and adjusts the allowance accounts for specific customer risks and credit factors. Receivables are considered past due on an individual basis based on the terms of the contracts.

(vi) Allowance for Credit Losses

The Group applies credit risk assessment and valuation methods to its trade and other receivables. The Group’s allowance for credit losses is maintained at an amount considered adequate to absorb estimated credit-related losses. Such allowance reflects management’s best estimate of the losses in the Group’s receivables and judgments about economic conditions. Estimates and judgments could change in the near term, and could result in a significant change to a recognized allowance. Credit losses arise primarily from receivables but may also relate to other credit instruments issued by or on behalf of the Group, such as guarantees and letters of credit. An allowance for credit losses is increased by provisions, which are recognized in profit or loss and reduced by write-offs net of any recoveries.

Specific provisions are established on an individual receivable basis. Write-offs are generally recorded after all reasonable restructuring or collection activities have taken place and there is no realistic prospect of recovery.

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of an impairment loss decreases and the decrease is related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed either directly or by adjusting the allowance account.

(vii) Inventories

Inventories principally consist of raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods. Inventories, other than products acquired in commodity activities, are recorded at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost, where appropriate, includes an allocation of manufacturing overheads incurred in bringing inventories to their present location and condition and is assigned by using the first-in, first-out or weighted average cost formula, depending on the class of inventories. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, selling and distribution. The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realizable value and all losses of inventories are recognized as an expense in the period the write-down or loss occurs. The reversal of a write-down of inventories arising from an increase in net realizable value is recognized as a reduction in the amount of costs of sales and services in the period in which the reversal occurs.

Commodity products acquired by the Group as a broker-trader in the Group’s merchant banking activities with the purpose of selling in the near future and generating a profit from fluctuations in price or broker-traders’ margin are measured at fair value less costs to sell.

(viii) Real Estate Held for Sale

Real estate held for sale is real estate intended for sale in the ordinary course of business or in the process of construction or development for such sale.

Real estate held for sale is accounted for as inventories measured at the lower of cost (on a specific item basis) and net realizable value. Net realizable value is estimated by reference to sale proceeds of similar properties sold in the ordinary course of business less all estimated selling expenses around the reporting

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

date, or by management estimates based on prevailing market conditions. The amount of any write-down of properties to net realizable value is recognized as an expense in the period the write-down occurs. The reversal of a write-down arising from an increase in net realizable value is recognized in the period in which the reversal occurs.

All of the Group’s real estate held for sale is located in Europe.

(ix) Investment Property

Investment property is property that is held for generating rental income or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for: (a) use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes; or (b) sale in the ordinary course of business. The Group’s investment property comprises freehold land and buildings. Investment property is initially recognized at cost including related transaction costs. After initial recognition, investment property is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

The Group determines fair value without any deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale or other disposal. Fair value of the Group’s investment property is based on valuations prepared annually by external evaluators in accordance with guidance issued by the International Valuation Standard Committee and reviewed by the Group, or these valuations are updated by management when there are no significant changes in the inputs to the valuation prepared by external evaluators in the preceding year, in accordance with guidance on fair value in IFRS 13.

(x) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and, if any, accumulated impairment losses. The initial cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation, the initial estimate of any decommissioning obligation, if any, and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs. The purchase price or construction cost is the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset. Where an item of property, plant and equipment or part of the item that was separately depreciated is replaced and it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the replacement item will flow to the Group, the cost of the replacement item is capitalized and the carrying amount of the replaced asset is derecognized. All other replacement expenditures are recognized in profit or loss when incurred.

Inspection costs associated with major maintenance programs are capitalized and amortized over the period to the next inspection. All other maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

The depreciable amounts of the Group’s property, plant, and equipment (i.e. the costs of the assets less their residual values) are depreciated according to the following estimated useful lives and methods:

	Lives	Method
Buildings	20 years		straight-line
Processing plant and equipment	5 to 20 years		straight-line
Refinery and power plants	20 to 30 years		straight-line
Office equipment and other	3 to 10 years		straight-line

Depreciation expense is included in costs of sales and services or selling, general and administrative expense, whichever is appropriate.

The residual value and the useful life of an asset are reviewed at least at each financial year-end and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the changes, if any, are accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate in accordance with IAS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors . The depreciation method applied to an asset is reviewed at least at each financial year-end and, if there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, the method is changed to reflect the changed pattern.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) is included in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.

(xi) Interests in Resource Properties

The Group’s interests in resource properties comprise exploration and evaluation assets (comprising hydrocarbon probable reserves and hydrocarbon unproved lands), hydrocarbon development and production assets and an interest in an iron ore mine.

(a) Exploration and evaluation assets

Exploration and evaluation costs, including the costs of acquiring undeveloped land and drilling costs are initially capitalized until the drilling of the well is complete and the results have been evaluated in order to determine the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the asset. Technical feasibility and commercial viability are considered to be determinable when proved and/or probable reserves are determined to exist. When proved and/or probable reserves are found, the drilling costs and the costs of associated hydrocarbon unproved lands are reclassified to hydrocarbon development and production assets or from hydrocarbon unproved lands to hydrocarbon probable reserves. The cost of hydrocarbon undeveloped land that expires or any impairment recognized during a period is charged to profit or loss. Pre-license costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

(b) Hydrocarbon development and production assets and an interest in an iron ore mine

The Group’s interests in resource properties include an interest in an iron ore mine and hydrocarbon development and production assets.

(1) Recognition and measurement

Interests in resource properties are initially measured at cost and subsequently carried at cost less accumulated depletion and, if any, accumulated impairment losses.

The cost of an interest in resource property includes the initial purchase price and directly attributable expenditures to find, develop, construct and complete the asset. This cost includes reclassifications from exploration and evaluation assets, installation or completion of infrastructure facilities such as platforms, pipelines and the drilling of development wells, including unsuccessful development or delineation wells. Any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary to operate as intended by management and result in an identifiable future benefit are also capitalized. These costs include an estimate of decommissioning obligations and, for qualifying assets, capitalized borrowing costs.

(2) Subsequent costs

Costs incurred subsequent to the determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability and the costs of replacing parts of property are capitalized only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate. Such capitalized costs generally represent costs incurred in developing proved reserves and bringing in, or enhancing production from, such reserves and are accumulated on a field or geotechnical area basis. All other expenditures are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. The costs of periodic servicing of the properties are recognized in costs of sales and services as incurred.

The carrying amount of any replaced or sold component is derecognized.

(3) Depletion

The carrying amount of an interest in a resource property is depleted using the unit of production method by reference to the ratio of production in the period to the related reserves.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

For interests in hydrocarbon development and production assets, depletion is calculated based on proved producing reserves, taking into account estimated future development costs necessary to bring those reserves into production and the estimated salvage values of the assets at the end of their estimated useful lives. Future development costs are estimated taking into account the level of development required to continue to produce the reserves. Reserves for hydrocarbon development and production assets are estimated annually by independent qualified reserve evaluators and represent the estimated quantities of natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil which geological, geophysical and engineering data demonstrate with a specified degree of certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs and which are considered commercially producible. For depletion purposes, relative volumes of petroleum and natural gas production and reserves are converted at the energy equivalent conversion rate of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to one barrel of crude oil.

For the royalty interest in an iron ore mine, depletion is calculated based on proved and probable reserves. The estimate of the reserves of iron ore is reviewed whenever significant new information about the reserve is available, or at least at each financial year-end.

(xii) Impairment of Non-financial Assets

The Group reviews the carrying amounts of its non-financial assets at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, an asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.

The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. Where an individual asset does not generate separately identifiable cash flows, an impairment test is performed at the cash-generating unit (“CGU”) level. A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset (or CGU) exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset (or CGU) is considered impaired and written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by external valuation metrics or other available fair value indicators wherever possible.

An assessment is made at the end of each reporting period whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, an estimate of the assets (or CGU’s) recoverable amount is reviewed. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed to the extent that the events or circumstances that triggered the original impairment have changed. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, depletion and amortization, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior periods. A reversal of an impairment loss for a CGU is allocated to the assets of the CGU pro-rata with the carrying amounts of those assets.

Hydrocarbon probable reserves are tested for impairment when they are reclassified to hydrocarbon development and production assets or when indicators exist that suggest the carrying amount may exceed the recoverable amount. For purposes of impairment testing, hydrocarbon probable reserves are grouped with related producing resource properties as a CGU with common geography and geological characteristics.

Unproved lands are evaluated for indicators separately from hydrocarbon development and production assets and hydrocarbon probable reserves. Impairment is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of unproved lands to values determined by an independent land evaluator based on recent market transactions. Management also takes into account future plans for those properties, the remaining terms of the leases and any other factors that may be indicators of potential impairment.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(xiii) Defined Benefit Pension Plan

Prior to October 1, 2017, the Group had defined benefit pension plans.

The Group recognizes an accrued pension obligation, which represents the deficit of a defined benefit pension plan and is calculated by deducting the fair value of plan assets from the present value of the defined benefit obligations, in the consolidated statement of financial position. When the Group has a surplus in a defined benefit plan, it measures the net defined benefit asset at the lower of: (a) the surplus in the defined benefit plan; and (b) the asset ceiling. The Group accounts not only for its legal obligation under the formal terms of a defined benefit plan, but also for any constructive obligation that arises from the Group’s informal practices. An asset relating to one plan is not offset against a liability relating to another plan.

The Group uses the projected unit credit method to determine the present value of its defined benefit obligations and the related current service cost and, where applicable, past service cost. Actuarial assumptions are unbiased and mutually compatible and comprise demographic and financial assumptions.

Past service cost, which is the change in the present value of the defined benefit obligation for employee service in prior periods resulting from a plan amendment or curtailment, is recognized as an expense at the earlier of when the amendment/curtailment occurs or when the Group recognizes related restructuring or termination costs. The gain or loss on a settlement, which is the difference between the present value of the defined benefit obligation being settled and the settlement price, is recognized in profit or loss when the settlement occurs.

Current service cost and net interest on the accrued pension obligation are recognized in profit or loss.

Remeasurements of the accrued pension obligation, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset)) and any change in the effect of the asset ceiling (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset)), are recognized in other comprehensive income and are not reclassified to profit or loss in a subsequent period.

(xiv) Provisions and Contingencies

Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. Where appropriate, the future cash flow estimates are adjusted to reflect risks specific to the liability. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recorded as accretion and included in finance costs.

Contingent liabilities are possible obligations whose existence will only be confirmed by future events not wholly within the control of the Group. Contingent liabilities, other than those assumed in connection with business combinations which are measured at fair value at the acquisition date, are not recognized in the consolidated financial statements but are disclosed unless the possibility of an outflow of economic resources is considered remote. Legal costs in connection with a loss contingency are recognized in profit or loss when incurred.

The Group does not recognize a contingent or reimbursement asset unless it is virtually certain that the contingent or reimbursement asset will be received.

(xv) Puttable Instrument Financial Liabilities

A puttable financial instrument represents a contractual obligation for the issuer to repurchase or redeem the instrument for cash or another financial asset on exercise of the put. Puttable instruments held by non-controlling interests in a subsidiary are classified as a financial liability, which is recognized at an

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

amount equal to the present value of the amount that could be required to be paid to the counterparties. Changes in the measurement of the obligation due to the unwinding of the discount or changes in the amount that the Group could be required to pay are recognized in profit or loss.

The financial liability is reclassified to equity when all the features of and conditions for classification as equity are met. At such time, equity is measured at the carrying amount of the financial liability at the date of reclassification.

(xvi) Decommissioning Obligations

The Group provides for decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities (collectively, decommissioning obligations) on its resource properties, facilities, production platforms, pipelines and other facilities based on estimates established by current legislation and industry practices. The decommissioning obligation is initially measured at fair value and capitalized to interests in resource properties or property, plant and equipment as an asset retirement cost. The liability is estimated by discounting expected future cash flows required to settle the liability using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The estimated future asset retirement costs are adjusted for risks such as project, physical, regulatory and timing. The estimates are reviewed periodically. Changes in the provision as a result of changes in the estimated future costs or discount rates are added to or deducted from the asset retirement cost in the period of the change. The liability accretes for the effect of time value of money until it is settled. The capitalized asset retirement cost is amortized through depreciation, depletion and amortization over the estimated useful life of the related asset. Actual asset retirement expenditures are recorded against the obligation when incurred. Any difference between the accrued liability and the actual expenditures incurred is recorded as a gain or loss in the settlement period.

(xvii) Own Equity Instruments

The Group’s holdings of its own equity instruments, including common stock and preferred stock, are presented as “treasury stock” and deducted from shareholders’ equity at cost and in the determination of the number of equity shares outstanding. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, re-issue or cancellation of the Group’s own equity instruments.

(xviii) Revenue Recognition

Revenues include proceeds from sales of merchant banking products and services, real estate properties, medical instruments and supplies, rental income on investment property, interest and dividend income and net gains on securities. In an agency relationship, revenue is the amount of commission earned.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized when: (a) the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods (which generally coincides with the time when the goods are delivered to the buyer and title has passed); (b) the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold; (c) the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; (d) it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and (e) the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Revenue from the rendering of services is recognized when: (a) the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; (b) it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; (c) the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date can be measured reliably; and (d) the costs incurred for the transaction and the costs to complete the transaction can be measured reliably.

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, net of discounts, customs duties and sales taxes. When the Group charges shipping and handling fees to customers, such fees are included in sales revenue. Where the Group acts as an agent on behalf of a third party to procure or market goods, any associated fee income is recognized and no purchase or sale is recorded.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Interest, royalty and dividend income are recognized when it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Group and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method. Royalty income is recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreements. Dividend income is recognized when the Group’s right as a shareholder to receive payment is established.

(xix) Costs of Sales and Services

Costs of sales and services include the costs of goods (merchant banking products and services, real estate properties, medical instruments and supplies) sold. The costs of goods sold include both the direct cost of materials and indirect costs, freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, distribution costs and a provision for warranty when applicable.

Costs of sales and services also include write-downs of inventories, net loss on securities, credit losses on loans and receivables and fair value gain and loss on investment property, commodity inventories and derivative contracts.

The reversal of write-downs of inventories and allowance for credit losses reduces the costs of sales and services.

(xx) Employee Benefits

Wages, salaries, bonuses, social security contributions, paid annual leave and sick leave are accrued in the period in which the associated services are rendered by employees of the Group. The employee benefits are included in costs of sales and services or selling, general and administrative expenses, as applicable.

(xxi) Leases

A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the leased asset. Operating lease payments are expensed in profit or loss over the term of the lease on a straight line basis.

(xxii) Share-Based Compensation

The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments on the date at which the equity instruments are granted and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period, which ends on the date on which the relevant employees become fully entitled to the award. Fair value is determined by using an appropriate valuation model. At each reporting date before vesting, the cumulative expense is calculated, representing the extent to which the vesting period has expired and management’s best estimate of the achievement or otherwise of non-market conditions and the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The movement in cumulative expense since the previous reporting date is recognized in profit or loss, with a corresponding amount in equity.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified or a new award is designated as replacing a cancelled or settled award, the cost based on the original award terms continues to be recognized over the original vesting period. In addition, an expense is recognized over the remainder of the new vesting period for the incremental fair value of any modification, based on the difference between the fair value of the original award and the fair value of the modified award, both as measured on the date of the modification. No reduction is recognized if this difference is negative. When an equity-settled award is cancelled other than by forfeiture when the vesting conditions are not satisfied, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation and any cost not yet recognized in profit or loss for the award is expensed immediately.

Share-based compensation expenses are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. When stock options are exercised, the exercise price proceeds together with the amount initially recorded in contributed surplus are credited to capital stock.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(xxiii) Finance Costs

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings, accretion of the discount on provisions, decommissioning obligations and other liabilities and charges and fees relating to factoring transactions.

Finance costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use. All other finance costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

Capital stock and debt are recorded at the amount of proceeds received, net of direct issue costs (transaction costs). The transaction costs attributable to debt issued are amortized over the debt term using the effective interest method.

(xxiv) Income Taxes

Income tax expense (recovery) comprises current income tax expense (recovery) and deferred income tax expense (recovery) and includes all domestic and foreign taxes which are based on taxable profits. The current income tax provision is based on the taxable profits for the period. Taxable profit differs from income before income taxes as reported in the statements of operations because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other periods and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current income tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred income tax is provided, using the liability method, on all temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences:

except where the deferred income tax liability arises on goodwill that is not tax deductible or the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

in respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and branches, except where the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry-forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry-forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized:

except where the deferred income tax asset arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

in respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and branches, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future.

On the reporting date, management reviews the Group’s deferred income tax assets to determine whether it is probable that the benefits associated with these assets will be realized. The Group also reassesses unrecognized deferred income tax assets. The review and assessment involve evaluating both positive and negative evidence. The Group recognizes a previously unrecognized deferred income tax asset to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred income tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Tax relating to items recognized in other comprehensive income or equity is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity and not in profit or loss.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current income tax assets against current income tax liabilities, and when they relate to income tax levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its current income tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Withholding taxes (which include withholding taxes payable by a subsidiary on distributions to the Group) are treated as income taxes when they have the characteristics of an income tax. This is considered to be the case when they are imposed under government authority and the amount payable is calculated by reference to revenue derived.

The Group includes interest charges and penalties on current income tax liabilities as a component of interest expense.

(xxv) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is determined by dividing net income attributable to ordinary equity holders of MFC Bancorp by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, net of treasury stock.

Diluted earnings per share is determined using the same method as basic earnings per share, except that the weighted average number of common shares outstanding includes the effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the Group assumes the exercise of its dilutive options with the assumed proceeds from these instruments regarded as having been received from the issue of common shares at the average market price of common shares during the period. The difference between the number of common shares issued and the number of common shares that would have been issued at the average market price of common shares during the period is treated as an issue of common shares for no consideration and added to the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The amount of the dilution is the average market price of common shares during the period minus the issue price and the issue price includes the fair value of services to be supplied to the Group in the future under the share-based payment arrangement. Potential ordinary shares are treated as dilutive when, and only when, their conversion to ordinary shares would decrease earnings per share or increase loss per share from continuing operations.

When share-based payments are granted during the period, the shares issuable are weighted to reflect the portion of the period during which the payments are outstanding. The shares issuable are also weighted to reflect forfeitures occurring during the period. When stock options are exercised during the period, shares issuable are weighted to reflect the portion of the period prior to the exercise date and actual shares issued are included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding from the exercise date.

(xxvi) Business Combinations

The Group accounts for each business combination by applying the acquisition method. Pursuant to the acquisition method, the Group, when a business combination occurs and it is identified as the acquirer, determines the acquisition date (on which the Group legally transfers the consideration, acquires the assets and assumes the liabilities of the acquiree), recognizes and measures the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, and recognizes and measures goodwill or a gain from a bargain purchase (i.e. negative goodwill). The identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are measured at their acquisition-date fair values. A non-controlling interest is measured at either its fair value or its proportionate share in the recognized amounts of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets, on a transaction-by-transaction basis.

The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Group, the liabilities incurred by the Group to former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Group.

In a business combination achieved in stages, the Group remeasures its previously held equity interest in the acquiree at its acquisition-date fair value and recognizes the resulting gain or loss, if any, in profit or loss.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Group reports in its financial statements provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. During the measurement period, the Group retrospectively adjusts the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. During the measurement period, the Group also recognizes additional assets or liabilities if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and, if known, would have resulted in the recognition of those assets and liabilities as of that date. The measurement period ends as soon as the Group receives the information it was seeking about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date or learns that more information is not obtainable. However, the measurement period does not exceed one year from the acquisition date.

Acquisition-related costs are costs the Group incurs to effect a business combination. Those costs include finder’s fees; advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and other professional or consulting fees; general administrative costs, including the costs of maintaining an internal acquisitions department; and costs of registering and issuing debt and equity securities. The Group accounts for acquisition-related costs as expenses in the periods in which the costs are incurred and the services are received, except for the costs to issue debt or equity securities (see Significant Accounting Policy Item (xxiii) above).

C. Critical Judgments in Applying Accounting Policies

In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, management makes various judgments, apart from those involving estimations under Note 2D below, that can significantly affect the amounts it recognizes in the consolidated financial statements. The following are the critical judgments that management has made in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies and that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements:

(i) Identification of Cash-generating Units

The Group’s assets are aggregated into CGUs, for the purpose of assessing and calculating impairment, based on their ability to generate largely independent cash flows. The determination of CGUs requires judgment in defining the smallest identifiable group of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. CGUs have been determined based on similar geological structure, shared infrastructure, geographical proximity, product type and similar exposure to market risks. In the event facts and circumstances surrounding factors used to determine the Group’s CGUs change, the Group will re-determine the groupings of CGUs.

(ii) Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

The Group applies judgment to determine whether an asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition and that its sale is highly probable and therefore should be classified as held for sale at the balance sheet date. In order to assess whether it is highly probable that the sale can be completed within one year, or the extension period in certain circumstances, management reviews the business and economic factors, both macro and micro, which include the industry trends and capital markets, and the progress towards a sale transaction. It is also open to all forms of sales, including exchanges of non-current assets for other non-current assets when the exchange will have commercial substance in accordance with IAS 16, Property, Plant and Equipment .

A discontinued operation is a component of an entity (which comprises operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished, operationally and, for financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the entity) that either has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale. While a component of the entity has distinguished financial data, judgments must be exercised on the presentation of inter-company transactions between components that are presented as discontinued operations and those that are presented as continuing operations. Furthermore, the allocation of income tax expense (recovery) also involves the exercise of judgments as the tax position of continuing operations may have an impact on the tax position of discontinued operations, or vice versa.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

(iii) Consolidation

Judgment is required when assessing whether the Group controls and therefore consolidates an entity, particularly an entity with complex share capital, management/decision-making or financing structures. Judgment is required to determine whether the Group has decision-making power over the key relevant activities of an investee, whether the Group has exposure or rights to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and whether the Group has the ability to use that power to affect its returns.

(iv) Purchase Price Allocations

For each business combination, the Group measures the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair values. The determination of fair value requires the Group to make assumptions, estimates and judgments regarding future events, including the profit forecast of the new subsidiary in the future. The allocation process is inherently subjective and impacts the amounts assigned to individual identifiable assets and liabilities, including the fair value of long-lived assets, the recognition and measurement of any unrecorded intangible assets and/or contingencies and the final determination of the amount of goodwill or bargain purchase. The inputs to the exercise of judgments include legal, contractual, business and economic factors. As a result, the purchase price allocation impacts the Group’s reported assets and liabilities and future net earnings due to the impact on future depreciation, depletion and amortization and impairment tests.

(v) Impairment of Receivables

A receivable is considered impaired when there is objective evidence that there has been a deterioration of credit quality subsequent to the initial recognition of the receivable to the extent the Group no longer has reasonable assurance as to the timely collection of the full amount of principal and interest. The Group assesses receivables for objective evidence of impairment individually for receivables that are individually significant, and collectively for receivables that are not individually significant. Management exercises judgment as to the timing of designating a receivable as impaired, the amount of the allowance required and the amount that will be recovered by taking into consideration collateral that is directly linked to the receivable.

D. Major Sources of Estimation Uncertainty

The timely preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses.

The major assumptions about the future and other major sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below. These items require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex estimates. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

(i) Interests in Resource Properties and Reserve Estimates

The Group had interests in resource properties with an aggregate carrying amount of $92,551 as at December 31, 2017.

Estimation of reported recoverable quantities of proved and probable reserves include judgmental assumptions regarding production profile, prices of products produced, exchange rates, remediation costs, timing and amount of future development costs and production, transportation and marketing costs for future cash flows. It also requires interpretation of geological and geophysical models in anticipated recoveries. The economical, geological and technical factors used to estimate reserves may change from period to period. Changes in reported reserves can impact the carrying amounts of the Group’s interests in resource properties and/or property, plant and equipment, the recognition of impairment losses and reversal of impairment losses, the calculation of depletion and depreciation, the provision for

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

decommissioning obligations and the recognition of deferred income tax assets or liabilities due to changes in expected future cash flows. The recoverable quantities of reserves and estimated cash flows from the Group’s hydrocarbon interests are independently evaluated by reserve engineers at least annually.

The Group’s hydrocarbon reserves represent the estimated quantities of petroleum, natural gas and natural gas liquids which geological, geophysical and engineering data demonstrate with a specified degree of certainty to be economically recoverable in future years from known reservoirs and which are considered commercially producible. Such reserves may be considered commercially producible if management has the intention of developing and producing them and such intention is based upon: (a) a reasonable assessment of the future economics of such production; (b) a reasonable expectation that there is a market for all or substantially all the expected hydrocarbon production; and (c) evidence that the necessary production, transmission and transportation facilities are available or can be made available. Reserves may only be considered proven and probable if producibility is supported by either production or conclusive formation tests.

Included in interests in resource properties as at December 31, 2017, were exploration and evaluation assets with an aggregate carrying amount of $21,702. Exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of an exploration and evaluation asset may exceed its recoverable amount and upon reclassification to hydrocarbon development and production assets. If such indicators exist, impairment, if any, is determined by comparing the carrying amounts to the recoverable amounts. The measurement of the recoverable amount involves a number of assumptions, including the timing, likelihood and amount of commercial production, further resource assessment plans and future revenue and costs expected from the asset, if any.

(ii) Impairment of Other Non-financial Assets

The Group had property, plant and equipment aggregating $83,954 as at December 31, 2017, consisting mainly of two power plants and a natural gas processing facility. Impairment of the Group’s non-financial assets is evaluated at the CGU level. In testing for impairment, the recoverable amounts of the Company’s CGUs are determined as the higher of their values in use and fair values less costs of disposal. In the absence of quoted market prices, the recoverable amount is based on estimates of future production rates, future product selling prices and costs, discount rates and other relevant assumptions. Increases in future costs and/or decreases in estimates of future production rates and product selling prices may result in a write-down of the Group’s property, plant and equipment.

(iii) Taxation

The Group is subject to tax in a number of jurisdictions and judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences using the liability method, with deferred income tax liabilities generally being provided for in full (except for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates and interests in joint arrangements where the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future) and deferred income tax assets being recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

The operations and organization structures of the Group are complex, and related tax interpretations, regulations and legislation are continually changing. As a result, there are usually some tax matters in question that result in uncertain tax positions. The Group only recognizes the income tax benefit of an uncertain tax position when it is probable that the ultimate determination of the tax treatment of the position will result in that benefit being realized.

The Group companies’ income tax filings are subject to audit by taxation authorities in numerous jurisdictions. There are audits in progress and items under review, some of which may increase the Group’s income tax liabilities. In addition, the companies have filed appeals and have disputed certain issues. While the results of these items cannot be ascertained at this time, the Group believes that the Group has an adequate provision for income taxes based on available information.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

The Group recognized deferred income tax assets of $16,694 as at December 31, 2017. In assessing the realizability of deferred income tax assets, management considers whether it is probable that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible or before tax loss and tax credit carry-forwards expire. Management considers the future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, taxable income in prior years and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Unrecognized deferred income tax assets are reassessed at the end of each reporting period.

The Group provides for future income tax liabilities in respect of uncertain tax positions where additional income tax may become payable in future periods and such provisions are based on management’s assessment of exposure. The Group did not recognize the full deferred tax liability on taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and branches where the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The Group may change its investment decision in its normal course of business, thus resulting in additional income tax liabilities.

(iv) Contingencies

Pursuant to IAS 37, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, the Group does not recognize a contingent liability. By their nature, contingencies will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and estimates of the outcome of future events. If it becomes probable that an outflow of future economic benefits will be required for an item previously accounted for as a contingent liability, an accrual or a provision is recognized in the consolidated financial statements of the period in which the change in probability occurs. See Note 26 for further disclosures on contingencies.

(v) Allowance for Credit Losses

The Group applies credit risk assessment and valuation methods to its trade and other receivables (see Note 2B(vi)). In February 2016, a customer of the Group filed for insolvency, which was an adjusting subsequent event in 2015 under IAS 10, and, as a result, the Group had to determine an allowance for credit losses against the trade receivables due from the customer and its affiliates, the provisions under certain guarantees which the Group had issued and the potential recoveries as at December 31, 2015. The recognition and measurement of these provisions was a complex process, involving a significant degree of judgment and a high level of estimation uncertainty. The factors considered include the Group’s legal rights and obligations under all the contracts and collateral which include inventories, mortgages and other credit enhancement instruments. After the recognition of impairment losses, the Group had net trade receivables of $21,375 due from the customer and its affiliates as at December 31, 2017 (see Note 7).

E. Accounting Changes

Future Accounting Changes

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, (“IFRS 9”), issued in July 2014, is the IASB’s replacement for IAS 39. IFRS 9 includes requirements for recognition and measurement, impairment, derecognition and general hedge accounting. The version of IFRS 9 issued in 2014 supersedes all previous versions and is mandatorily effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Management completed its assessment of the impacts of IFRS 9 on the Group’s consolidated financial statements and does not expect that IFRS 9 will have significant impacts on the Group’s consolidated financial statements except for additional disclosures. Accumulated other comprehensive income of $526 on available-for-sale equity securities will be reclassified to opening deficit upon the initial adoption of IFRS 9. In accordance with the transition rules of IFRS 9, the Group will not restate its consolidated financial statements for prior periods but will recognize the difference between the previous carrying amount and the revised carrying amount on initial application of IFRS9 in opening deficit as at January 1, 2018.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”), specifies how and when an entity will recognize revenue as well as requiring such entities to provide users of financial statements with more informative, relevant disclosures. The standard provides a single, principles based five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers. IFRS 15 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Management completed its assessment of the impacts of IFRS 15 on the Group’s consolidated financial statements and does not expect that IFRS 15 will have significant impacts on the Group’s consolidated financial statements except for additional disclosures.

IFRS 16, Leases (“IFRS 16”), issued in January 2016, introduces a single on-balance sheet model of accounting for leases by lessees that eliminates the distinction between operating and finance leases. Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged and the distinction between operating and finance leases is retained. IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17, Leases , and related interpretations and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier application permitted if IFRS 15 has also been applied. Management will adopt IFRS 16 in 2019 and is currently assessing the impacts of IFRS 16 on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 3.

Capital Disclosure on the Group’s Objectives, Policies and Processes for Managing Its Capital

Structure

The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to: (a) safeguard the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern so that it can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders; (b) provide an adequate return to shareholders by pricing products and services commensurately with the level of risk; and (c) maintain a flexible capital structure which optimizes the cost of capital at acceptable risk.

The Group sets the amount of capital in proportion to risk. The Group manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

Consistent with others in the merchant banking industry, the Group monitors capital on the basis of the debt-to-adjusted capital ratio and long-term debt-to-equity ratio. The debt-to-adjusted capital ratio is calculated as net debt divided by adjusted capital. Net debt is calculated as total debt less cash and cash equivalents. Adjusted capital comprises all components of shareholders’ equity. The long-term debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as long-term debt divided by shareholders’ equity. Debt does not include short-term bank borrowings.

As at December 31:	2017	2016
Total debt	$ 43,733	$ 116,813
Less: cash and cash equivalents	(74,870)	(120,676)
Net debt	Not applicable	Not applicable
Shareholders’ equity	277,780	327,520
Debt-to-adjusted capital ratio	Not applicable	Not applicable

As at December 31:	2017	2016
Long-term debt	$ —	$ 80,564
Shareholders’ equity	277,780	327,520
Long-term debt-to-equity ratio	Not applicable	0.25

During 2017, the Group’s strategy, which was unchanged from 2016, was to maintain the debt-to-adjusted capital ratio and the long-term debt-to-equity ratio at a manageable level. The decrease in the ratios in 2017 (i.e. not applicable) reflects the reduction in debt. The terms and conditions of the Group’s debt agreements include, and future debt agreements may include, covenants and restrictions of a customary nature for such agreements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 4. Acquisitions of Consolidated Entities

Year 2017

Effective October 1, 2017, the Group completed the acquisition of a metal processing company based in Europe. Pursuant to the transaction, the Group acquired the company which equaled the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed on the closing date. Goodwill of $502 was recognized upon the acquisition of the metal processing company. The amount of acquisition-related costs was nominal, which was included in selling, general and administrative expenses in profit or loss. This acquisition was not considered a material business combination and did not have material impact on the Group’s financial position.

Year 2016

Effective February 1, 2016, the Group completed the acquisition of a western European bank, MFC Merchant Bank Ltd. (the “Bank”). Pursuant to the transaction, the Group acquired the Bank for total purchase consideration of $142,419 which equaled the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed on the closing date. There were no goodwill or intangible assets acquired. The amount of acquisition-related costs was nominal, which was included in selling, general and administrative expenses in profit or loss. This acquisition was not considered a material business combination and did not have material impact on the Group’s financial position.

Year 2015

There were no business combinations in 2015.

Note 5. Assets Classified as Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

In 2015, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a plan to sell all of the Group’s resource properties. The assets of the disposal groups were classified as assets held for sale effective September 30, 2015 in compliance with IFRS 5, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.

On June 30 and September 30, 2016, the Group ceased to classify the remaining disposal groups as held for sale as the criteria for assets classified as held for sale were no longer met. Accordingly, the results of operations of these disposal groups for the years ended December 31, 2015 have been reclassified to continuing operations.

On December 31, 2016, the Group reclassified the assets and liabilities of a commodities trading subsidiary as held for sale. The sale was completed in 2017.

The major assets and liabilities of the commodities trading subsidiary as at December 31, 2016 comprised the following:

Current assets	$	42,293
Non-current assets		3,374
Total assets held for sale		45,667
Debt		(20,140 )
Other liabilities		(9,757 )
Total liabilities relating to assets held for sale		(29,897 )
Net assets held for sale	$	15,770

The Group’s discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 comprised certain hydrocarbon properties and an iron ore interest, both of which were included in the Company’s merchant banking reportable business segment.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 5. Assets Classified as Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations (continued)

The following summarizes the results of the discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2015. The Group did not have discontinued operations in 2017 and 2016.

	2015			2015
	Hydrocarbon properties			Iron ore interest
Revenues		$	62,384		$	—
Costs and expenses			(215,779 )			(27,397 )
Loss before income taxes			(153,395 )			(27,397 )
Income tax expense			(48,623 )			—
Net loss from discontinued operations			(202,018 )			(27,397 )
Loss on disposal of assets			—			—
Income tax expense			(11,987 )			—
Net loss on disposal of assets			(11,987 )			—
Total loss from discontinued operations		$	(214,005 )		$	(27,397 )

All intercompany transactions with continuing operations, except for those that have continued subsequent to dispositions, have been eliminated. Costs and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2015 included the following non-cash impairment losses (before income taxes) on tangible assets and resource properties:

	2015
Hydrocarbon properties		$	148,877
Interest in an iron ore development project			27,397
Gross impairment		$	176,274

Hydrocarbon properties

In September 2015, the Group’s realized pricing for natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil had declined since December 31, 2014. As such, as at September 30, 2015, the Group performed an impairment assessment on its hydrocarbon properties utilizing post-tax discount rates between 10% and 13% and recognized total non-cash impairment losses of $143,609. As a result of the impairment charge, a previously recorded deferred tax asset of $50,918 had to be written off. The non-cash impairment losses comprised $46,715 allocated to development and production assets, $16,108 to probable reserves, $33,114 to property, plant and equipment and $47,672 to the properties previously included in assets held for sale. Of the gross impairment losses of $143,609, impairment losses of $47,672 were included in continuing operations, with the remaining impairment losses of $95,937 (before an associated deferred income tax expense of $50,918) attributable to discontinued operations. In the fourth quarter of 2015, the Group recognized an additional impairment loss of $52,940 in discontinued operations.

On December 30, 2015, the Group sold a 95% economic interest in certain hydrocarbon assets and the related liabilities to a third party for nominal and contingent consideration. Based on the terms of the transaction, the Group continued to be the registered holder of the entities holding these assets and liabilities but lost the power to direct the business activities of these entities. As such, effective December 30, 2015 the Group ceased consolidating these entities (the former subsidiaries). No gain or loss was recognized upon the disposition. However, a deferred income tax expense of $11,987 was recognized resulting from the write-off of previously recognized deferred income tax assets. Furthermore, as a result of the deconsolidation of the former subsidiaries, a net receivable of $11,600 due from the former subsidiaries was recognized as at December 31, 2015 as the amount was no longer eliminated within the Group and was included in assets held for sale. The remaining economic interest was recognized at a nominal value as at December 31, 2015.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 5. Assets Classified as Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations (continued)

Interest in an iron ore development project

In the third quarter of 2015, the Group reviewed the cash flow projections for the iron ore development project located in the United States. Given the reduced viability of this project, high capital cost to complete requisite studies and management’s business focus on trade finance banking activities, management determined that an impairment loss of $27,397 was required, before a deferred income tax recovery of $nil, as at September 30, 2015, to write down the carrying amount of its interest to a nominal amount. The impairment loss was included in the results of discontinued operations. The interest was sold during 2016.

Note 6. Business Segment Information

The Group is primarily in the merchant banking business, which includes marketing activities, captive supply assets, financial services and proprietary investing activities.

In reporting to management, the Group’s operating results are categorized into the following operating segments: merchant banking and all other segments.

Basis of Presentation

In reporting segments, certain of the Group’s business lines have been aggregated where they have similar economic characteristics and are similar in each of the following areas: (a) the nature of the products and services; (b) the methods of distribution; and (b) the types or classes of customers/clients for the products and services.

The Group’s merchant banking segment includes its marketing activities, captive supply assets, structured solutions, financial services and proprietary investing activities. The Group is a merchant bank that provides financial services and facilitates structured trade for corporations and institutions. The Group specializes in markets that are not adequately addressed by traditional sources of supply and finance, with an emphasis on providing solutions for small and medium sized enterprises. The Group’s merchant banking business operates in multiple geographies, and participates in industries including manufacturing and natural resources. The Group also seeks investments in many industries, emphasizing those business opportunities where the perceived intrinsic value is not properly recognized. The Group uses its financial and management expertise to add or unlock value within a relatively short time period.

The all other segment includes the Group’s corporate and operating segments whose quantitative amounts do not exceed 10% of any of the Group’s: (a) reported revenue; (b) net income; or (c) total assets. The Group’s all other operating segment primarily includes business activities in medical equipment, instruments, supplies and services.

The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2B. The chief operating decision maker evaluates performance on the basis of income or loss from operations before income taxes and does not consider acquisition accounting adjustments in assessing the performance of the Group’s reporting segments. The segment information presented below is prepared according to the following methodologies: (a) revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining pre-tax earnings; (b) intersegment sales and transfers are accounted for as if the sales or transfers were to third parties at current market prices; (c) certain selling, general and administrative expenses paid by corporate, particularly incentive compensation and share-based compensation, are not allocated to reporting segments; (d) all intercompany investments, receivables and payables are eliminated in the determination of each segment’s assets and liabilities; and (e) deferred income tax assets and liabilities are not allocated.

All data and discussions on revenues, expenses, income and loss in this Note 6 relate to the Group’s continuing operations only and do not include discontinued operations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 6. Business Segment Information (continued)

Segment Operating Results

	Year ended December 31, 2017
	Merchant banking			All other			Total
Revenues from external customers		$	256,412		$	17,623		$	274,035
Intersegment sale			1,668			204			1,872
Interest expense			4,931			—			4,931
Loss before income taxes			(28,254 )			(10,153 )			(38,407 )

	Year ended December 31, 2016
	Merchant banking			All other			Total
Revenues from external customers		$	1,095,896		$	35,761		$	1,131,657
Intersegment sale			1,975			360			2,335
Interest expense			15,751			—			15,751
Loss before income taxes			(13,785 )			(2,921 )			(16,706 )

	Year ended December 31, 2015
	Merchant banking			All other			Total
Revenues from external customers		$	1,593,879		$	35,221		$	1,629,100
Intersegment sale			1,705			175			1,880
Interest expense			17,631			11			17,642
Loss before income taxes			(290,342 )			(453 )			(290,795 )

	As at December 31, 2017
	Merchant banking			All other			Total
Segment assets		$	343,649		$	53,298		$	396,947

	As at December 31, 2016
	Merchant banking			All other			Total
Segment assets (recast)		$	589,017		$	61,321		$	650,338

	As at December 31, 2017
	Merchant banking			All other			Total
Segment liabilities		$	106,713		$	10,285		$	116,998

	As at December 31, 2016
	Merchant banking			All other			Total
Segment liabilities (recast)		$	306,206		$	14,702		$	320,908

Geographic Information

Due to the highly integrated nature of international products and services, merchant banking activities and markets, and a significant portion of the Group’s activities requiring cross-border coordination in order to serve the Group’s customers and clients, the methodology for allocating the Group’s profitability to geographic regions is dependent on estimates and management judgment.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 6. Business Segment Information (continued)

Geographic results are generally determined as follows:

Segment			Basis for attributing revenues
Merchant banking			Locations of external customers or the reporting units, whichever is appropriate
All other			Locations of the reporting units

Due to the nature of cross-border business, the Group presents its geographic information by geographic regions, instead of by countries. The following table presents revenues from external customers attributed to MFC Bancorp’s country of domicile and all foreign geographic regions from which the Group derives revenues:

Years ended December 31:	2017			2016			2015
Cayman Islands (country of domicile since July 2017)		$	—		$	—		$	—
Canada (country of domicile until July 2017)			19,595			28,328			77,199
Germany (country generating the largest revenues)			122,643			280,552			473,835
Africa			4,283			32,519			26,376
Americas			22,446			256,598			309,217
Asia			14,894			113,821			176,766
Europe			90,174			419,839			564,669
Other			—			—			1,038
		$	274,035		$	1,131,657		$	1,629,100

Except for the geographic concentrations as indicated in the above table, there were no other revenue concentrations in 2017, 2016 and 2015.

The following table presents non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred income tax assets and other non-current assets by geographic area based upon the location of the assets. The table excludes assets classified as held for sale under IFRS 5.

As at December 31:	2017			2016
Canada (country having the largest non-current assets)		$	144,452		$	138,281
Africa			32,258			31,710
Americas			—			876
Asia			889			6,957
Europe			52,501			49,464
		$	230,100		$	227,288

Note 7. Trade Receivables

As at December 31:	2017			2016
Trade receivables, gross amount		$	43,207		$	194,450
Less: Allowance for credit losses			(8,948 )			(58,488 )
Trade receivables, net amount		$	34,259		$	135,962

Trade receivables primarily arise from merchant banking activities.

The Group has two non-recourse factoring arrangements with banks for trade receivables (see Note 15).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 7. Trade Receivables (continued)

As at December 31, 2017, trade receivables of $11,352 (2016: $25,949) were past due but not impaired. The aging analyses of these trade receivables as at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

Past-due	2017			2016
Below 30 days		$	7,322		$	6,767
Between 31 and 60 days			728			1,847
Between 61 and 90 days			1,175			799
Between 91 and 365 days			1,813			16,491
Over 365 days			314			45
		$	11,352		$	25,949

As at December 31, 2017, trade receivables of $30,337 (2016: $156,243) were impaired and an allowance for credit losses of $8,948 (2016: $58,488) has been provided. Not all past-due account balances are uncollectible as most of the accounts are covered by credit insurance or other collection procedures. Credit risk from trade account receivables is mitigated since they are credit insured, covered by letters of credit, bank guarantees and/or other credit enhancements (see Note 29).

The aging analyses of impaired trade receivables as at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

Past-due	2017			2016
Below 30 days		$	—		$	7,690
Between 31 and 60 days			—			489
Between 61 and 90 days			—			745
Between 91 and 365 days			—			131,946
Over 365 days			30,337			15,373
			30,337			156,243
Allowance for credit losses			(8,948 )			(58,488 )
Expected recoverable amount of impaired trade receivables (1)		$	21,389		$	97,755

(1)

The recoverable amount of impaired trade receivables is covered by credit insurance, bank guarantees and/or other credit enhancements and, therefore, management of the Group believes this entire net amount to be collectible in the ordinary course of business.

The Group considers credit mitigation instruments when measuring credit impairment and determining the allowance for credit losses. The movements in the allowance for credit losses during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

	2017			2016
Balance, beginning of the year		$	58,488		$	21,210
Additions			12,213			46,601
Reversals			(1,541 )			(1,185 )
Write-offs			(7,726 )			(1,529 )
Disposition of subsidiaries			(33,999 )			—
Other			(21,099 )			(5,123 )
Currency translation adjustment			2,612			(1,486 )
Balance, end of the year		$	8,948		$	58,488

In February 2016, a customer of the Group filed for insolvency. This was an adjusting subsequent event under IAS 10 and, as a result, the Group had to determine an allowance for credit losses against the Group’s trade receivables due from this customer and its affiliates (the “customer group”) as at

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 7. Trade Receivables (continued)

December 31, 2015. As at December 31, 2015, the Group had gross trade receivables of $103,300 due from the customer group as well as other contracts with such customer. The Group conducted an extensive assessment of impairment losses on these trade receivables. This assessment involved a number of judgments and a high level of estimation uncertainty. The factors considered in these estimates include the Group’s legal rights and obligations under all related contracts and collateral, which include inventories, mortgages, insurance of collateral and other credit enhancement instruments. The Group recognized an allowance for credit losses of $10,705 in connection with the customer group as at December 31, 2015. After the recognition of such impairment losses, the Group had net trade receivables of $92,595 due from the customer group as at December 31, 2015.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Group received proceeds of $39,149 from risk mitigation assets, of which $35,121 was credited to profit or loss through a recovery of credit losses and the remainder was credited to trade receivables.

As at December 31, 2016, management of the Group reviewed the underlying contracts, legal documents, credit enhancement instruments and collateral to assess the recoverability of the outstanding amounts. This assessment required management to make certain assumptions regarding possible future outcomes and carries a degree of estimation uncertainty. While management of the Group believes that these receivables are collectable, a wide range of possible outcomes were considered in its analysis, which resulted in a probability-weighted valuation below the gross carrying amount. Therefore, management of the Group recognized a cumulative allowance for credit losses of $43,943 in connection with this former customer group as at December 31, 2016, including an additional provision of $33,301 which was recognized during the second quarter of 2016. The resulting carrying amount was most sensitive to the assumptions regarding the likelihood of recovering amounts based on the various sources of collateral. The timing of the resolution of the uncertainty related to the recoverability of these receivables was dependent on the legal processes being followed to recovering these amounts. After the recognition of such impairment losses, the Group had net trade receivables of $100,008 due from this former customer group as at December 31, 2016.

During 2017, management of the Group continued to monitor and asses the collectability of the receivables. As a result of such reviews, the Group reversed and credited an allowance of $1,541 to profit or loss in the third quarter. During the fourth quarter, the Group disposed of certain subsidiaries which had trade receivables due from this former customer group (see Note 27). Furthermore, the Group increased the valuation allowance by $224 based on its revision of expected future cash flows. As such, the Group had net trade receivables of $21,375 due from this former customer group as at December 31, 2017.

Note 8. Other Receivables

As at December 31:	2017			2016
Royalty income		$	4,525		$	4,000
Receivables from insurance company/supplier			—			2,110
Suppliers with debit balance			293			9,670
Loans			321			7,763
Other			16,551			11,708
		$	21,690		$	35,251

Other receivables primarily arise in the normal course of business and are expected to be collected within one year from the reporting date.

Royalty income receivables included $5,300 due from the former operator of the Wabush mine which commenced Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada) (the “CCAA”) proceedings in 2015. In July 2017, the former operator sold the mine assets to a new operator. The new operator mine has disclosed its intention to re-commence mining operations and has remitted the quarterly minimum payments since the second quarter of 2017 to the Group. Future minimum payments by the new operator are not subject to the CCAA Proceedings. Management of the Group reviewed the facts relating to the royalty receivable due

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 8. Other Receivables (continued)

from the former operator with its legal advisors and determined that there was a high probability of recovery as the payments were held in trust in accordance with a court order and the Group’s assessment that the former operator’s application was without merit. However, the court issued a judgment in March 2018, which was not in favor of the Group and the Group is in the process of appealing the same. As a result of such initial court judgment, the Group has provided $1,425 as a valuation allowance for the royalty income receivables.

In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2017, other receivables of $10,324, mainly relating to finance and loan receivables from a former hydrocarbon subsidiary, (2016: $11,296) were written off.

Note 9. Inventories

As at December 31:	2017			2016
Raw materials		$	3,632		$	5,404
Work-in-progress			3,444			289
Finished goods			1,440			10,488
Commodity inventories			1,310			15,184
Other			—			589
		$	9,826		$	31,954
Comprising:
Inventories contracted at fixed prices or hedged		$	1,475		$	21,071
Inventories – other			8,351			10,883
		$	9,826		$	31,954

Note 10. Deposits, Prepaid and Other

As at December 31:	2017			2016
Prepayments and deposits for inventories		$	303		$	11,117
Other			2,075			1,078
		$	2,378		$	12,195

Note 11. Investment Property

All of the Group’s investment property is located in Europe.

Changes in investment property included in non-current assets:	2017			2016
Balance, beginning of year		$	35,663		$	37,873
Change in fair value during the year			(26 )			(39 )
Disposals			(194 )			—
Currency translation adjustments			2,217			(2,171 )
Balance, end of year		$	37,660		$	35,663

The amounts recognized in profit or loss in relation to investment property during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:

Years ended December 31:	2017			2016			2015
Rental income		$	1,510		$	1,511		$	1,474
Direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property that generated rental income during the year			256			226			279

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 12. Property, Plant and Equipment

The following changes in property, plant and equipment were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017:

Costs	Opening balance			Additions			Disposals			Dispositions of subsidiaries*			Reclassified from inventories			Impairments			Currency translation adjustments			Ending balance
Land and buildings		$	944		$	26		$	—		$	(1,221 )		$	—		$	—		$	251		$	—
Refinery and power plants			91,392			—			—			—			3,786			—			(2,744 )			92,434
Processing plant and equipment			18,880			987			(8,678 )			57			—			(7,863 )			320			3,703
Office equipment			5,189			300			(1,343 )			(3,163 )			—			—			152			1,135
		$	116,405		$	1,313		$	(10,021 )		$	(4,327 )		$	3,786		$	(7,863 )		$	(2,021 )		$	97,272

Net of acquisition of a subsidiary

Accumulated depreciation	Opening balance			Additions			Disposals			Dispositions of subsidiaries			Impairments			Currency translation adjustments			Ending balance
Land and buildings		$	208		$	344		$	—		$	(598 )		$	—		$	46		$	—
Refinery and power plants			9,308			2,267			—			—			—			(528 )			11,047
Processing plant and equipment			3,545			1,377			(2,294 )			(27 )			(1,223 )			248			1,626
Office equipment			3,901			384			(1,118 )			(2,639 )			—			117			645
			16,962		$	4,372		$	(3,412 )		$	(3,264 )		$	(1,223 )		$	(117 )			13,318
Carrying amount		$	99,443																	$	83,954

The following changes in property, plant and equipment were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2016:

Costs	Opening balance			Additions			Disposals			Dispositions of subsidiaries*			Reclassified from assets held for sale			Reclassified to assets held for sale			Reclassified from resource properties			Currency translation adjustments			Ending balance
Land and buildings		$	5,890		$	119		$	—		$	(324 )		$	—		$	(4,745 )		$	—		$	4		$	944
Refinery and power plants			67,336			—			—			—			20,255			—			5,000			(1,199 )			91,392
Processing plant and equipment			34,548			3,194			(262 )			(25,340 )			8,128			(646 )			—			(742 )			18,880
Office equipment			8,515			770			(22 )			(2,918 )			—			(237 )			—			(919 )			5,189
		$	116,289		$	4,083		$	(284 )		$	(28,582 )		$	28,383		$	(5,628 )		$	5,000		$	(2,856 )		$	116,405

Net of acquisition of a subsidiary

Accumulated depreciation	Opening balance			Additions			Disposals			Dispositions of subsidiaries			Reclassified to assets held for sale			Currency translation adjustments			Ending balance
Land and buildings		$	1,600		$	367		$	—		$	(139 )		$	(1,663 )		$	43		$	208
Refinery and power plants			6,860			2,641			—			—			—			(193 )			9,308
Processing plant and equipment			8,392			5,403			—			(9,283 )			(421 )			(546 )			3,545
Office equipment			3,692			880			—			(727 )			(170 )			226			3,901
			20,544		$	9,291		$	—		$	(10,149 )		$	(2,254 )		$	(470 )			16,962
Carrying amount		$	95,745																	$	99,443

A power plant with a carrying amount of $26,412 was temporarily idle as of December 31, 2017. Subsequent to the year end, the power plant was vandalized and incurred damage. The Group expects to recover all restoration expenditures through insurance, except the deductible amount of $350, which will be capitalized and included in the carrying amount of the power plant when incurred.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively, $nil, $nil and $3,948 of expenditures were recognized in the carrying amounts of items of property, plant and equipment in the course of their construction.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 13. Interests in Resource Properties

The Group’s interests in resource properties as at December 31, 2017 and 2016 comprised the following:

	2017			2016
Interest in an iron ore mine		$	30,000		$	30,000
Hydrocarbon development and production assets			40,849			29,692
Exploration and evaluation assets – hydrocarbon probable reserves			12,367			9,416
Exploration and evaluation assets – hydrocarbon unproved lands			9,335			10,039
		$	92,551		$	79,147

The movements in the interest in the iron ore mine and hydrocarbon development and production assets included in non-current assets during the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows:

Costs	Opening balance			Decommissioning obligations			Reversal of impairment losses			Ending balance
Interest in an iron ore mine		$	30,000		$	—		$	—		$	30,000
Hydrocarbon development and production assets			32,353			254			13,264			45,871
		$	62,353		$	254		$	13,264		$	75,871

Accumulated depreciation	Opening balance			Additions			Reversal of impairment losses			Ending balance
Interest in an iron ore mine		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Hydrocarbon development and production assets			2,661			2,361			—			5,022
			2,661		$	2,361		$	—			5,022
Carrying amount		$	59,692								$	70,849

The movements in the interest in the iron ore mine and hydrocarbon development and production assets included in non-current assets during the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:

Costs	Opening balance			Decommissioning obligations			Reclassification to refinery and power plants			Reclassified from assets held for sale			Reversal of impairment losses			Ending balance
Interest in an iron ore mine		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	30,000		$	—		$	30,000
Hydrocarbon development and production assets			—			(4,988 )			(5,000 )			34,669			7,672			32,353
		$	—		$	(4,988 )		$	(5,000 )		$	64,669		$	7,672		$	62,353

Accumulated depreciation	Opening balance			Additions			Reclassification			Reclassified from assets held for sale			Reversal of impairment losses			Ending balance
Interest in an iron ore mine		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Hydrocarbon development and production assets			—			2,661			—			—			—			2,661
			—		$	2,661		$	—		$	—		$	—			2,661
Carrying amount		$	—														$	59,692

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 13. Interests in Resource Properties (continued)

The movements in exploration and evaluation assets included in hydrocarbon probable reserves and unproved lands, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

	2017						2016
	Probable reserves			Unproved lands			Probable reserves			Unproved lands
Balance, beginning of year		$	9,416		$	10,039		$	—		$	—
Additions			—			—			—			790
Disposal			—			(74 )			—			—
Reclassifications from assets held for sale			—			—			7,732			10,039
Reversal (recognition) of impairment (losses)			2,951			(630 )			1,684			(790 )
Balance, end of year		$	12,367		$	9,335		$	9,416		$	10,039

Interest in an iron ore mine

The Group’s lease of the Canadian iron ore mine expires in 2055. The iron ore deposit is currently sub-leased to a third-party entity under certain lease agreements which will also expire in 2055. Pursuant and subject to the terms of the lease agreements, the Group collects royalty payments directly from a third-party operator based on a pre-determined formula, with a minimum payment not to be less than $3,250 per year.

In the first quarter of 2015, the former operator of the mine commenced proceedings under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada) (the “CCAA”) with respect to its Canadian operations and publicly disclosed that its assets comprising the mine would be included in any sales process.

In the third quarter of 2015, the long-term price curve of iron ore continued to deteriorate. Management of the Group reviewed the underlying legal documents and performed a sensitivity analysis on the expected future cash flows from its royalty interest. Consideration was given to reasonably possible scenarios, including the Group exercising its step-in rights and re-taking the mine. The primary factors which impact the recoverable amount, among others, are the number of years of production, iron ore pricing and/or production costs. Each possible scenario was assigned a probability. Based on the cash flows projections, management determined that total non-cash impairment losses of $218,203 were required, before a deferred income tax recovery of $54,305, as at September 30, 2015, to write down the carrying amount of the Group’s interest to a nominal amount. In the fourth quarter of 2015, the Group reversed the previously recognized impairment losses by $30,000 and recognized a related deferred tax liability of $7,800. Such reversal of the previously recognized impairment losses reflected the improvements in the expected future cash flows under possible scenarios, using a pre-tax discount rate of 9% and taking into consideration events that occurred subsequent to the third quarter of 2015.

In 2017, a third party (the new operator) acquired the mine out of CCAA proceedings.

There were no impairment losses on the Group’s interest in the iron ore mine for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Hydrocarbon properties

The Group owns hydrocarbon properties in western Canada. The majority of such operations are located in the Deep Basin fairway of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The Group’s hydrocarbon development and production assets include producing natural gas wells, non-producing natural gas wells, producing oil wells and non-producing oil wells, but do not include a land position that includes net working interests in undeveloped acreage and properties containing probable reserves only, both of which are included in exploration and evaluation assets.

The recoverable amounts of the Group’s hydrocarbon CGUs are determined whenever facts and circumstances provide impairment indicators. CGU’s are mainly determined based upon the geographical region of the Group’s producing properties. The recoverable amounts of each CGU are based on the future

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 13. Interests in Resource Properties (continued)

post-tax cash flows expected to be derived from the Group’s hydrocarbon properties using a fair value less costs of disposal methodology (Level 3 fair value hierarchy). The post-tax cash flow projections incorporate management’s best estimates of future natural gas prices, production based on current estimates of recoverable reserves and resources, exploration potential, future operating costs, non-expansionary capital expenditures and inflation. Natural gas pricing included in the cash flow projections beyond five years is based on historical volatility and consensus analyst pricing. Projected cash flows are discounted using a post-tax discount rate which reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the hydrocarbon properties for which the future cash flow estimates have not been adjusted.

On December 31, 2016, the Group performed an impairment assessment on its hydrocarbon properties utilizing a post-tax discount rate of 10% and recognized a net non-cash reversal of impairment losses of $8,566, of which $7,672 were allocated to development and production assets and $1,684 to probable reserves and an impairment loss of $790 was allocated to unproved lands. The related deferred income tax expense for 2016 was $2,526. The impairment losses recognized and included in continuing operations for the year ended December 2015 were $47,672, with related deferred income taxes of $nil (see Note 5).

On December 31, 2017, the Group performed an impairment assessment on its hydrocarbon properties utilizing a post-tax discount rate of 11% and recognized a net non-cash reversal of impairment losses of $15,585, of which $13,264 were allocated to development and production assets and $2,951 to probable reserves and an impairment loss of $630 was allocated to unproved lands.

Note 14. Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effect of temporary differences and tax loss carry-forwards that give rise to significant components of the Group’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

As at December 31:	2017			2016
Non-capital tax loss carry-forwards		$	18,450		$	24,308
Interests in resource properties			(10,536 )			(10,370 )
Other assets			2,237			5,304
Other liabilities			(3,760 )			(9,948 )
		$	6,391		$	9,294
Presented on the consolidated statements of financial position as follows:
Deferred income tax assets		$	16,694		$	16,647
Deferred income tax liabilities			(10,303 )			(7,353 )
Net		$	6,391		$	9,294

As at December 31, 2017, the Group had estimated accumulated non-capital losses, which expire in the following countries as follows. Management is of the opinion that not all of these non-capital losses are probable to be utilized in the future.

Country	Gross amount			Amount for which no deferred income tax asset is recognized	Expiration dates
Canada		$	24,075	$ —	2033-2036
Germany			2,554	—	Indefinite
Austria			340,600	340,600	Indefinite
Uganda			51,563	46,253	Indefinite
Malta			98,354	70,056	Indefinite

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 14. Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities (continued)

The utilization of the deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable profits in excess of the profits arising from the reversal of existing taxable temporary differences and the Group companies have suffered losses in either the current or preceding period(s) in the tax jurisdictions to which the deferred tax assets relate.

As previously disclosed, a former affiliate received notices of tax reassessments from taxation authorities relating to prior periods, which denied certain deductions, losses and credits in the computation of income taxes payable. The former affiliate objected to such reassessment notices and appealed the federal assessment in court. Based on, among other things, the Group’s consultation with its advisors and review of the reassessments, the material facts related thereto and the subject transactions, management determined that the probability of the reassessments being successful in court was remote. Accordingly, the Group did not record any liability in prior years in connection with such reassessments. While the Group is not a party to these proceedings, there can be no assurance that the former affiliate will be successful and, if unsuccessful, that there will not be potential claims made against the Group in relation thereto.

The Group companies’ income tax and payroll tax filings are also subject to audit by taxation authorities in numerous jurisdictions. There are audits in progress and items under review, some of which may increase the Group’s income tax and payroll tax liability. In the event that management’s estimate of the future resolution of these matters changes, the Group will recognize the effects of the changes in its consolidated financial statements in the appropriate period relative to when such changes occur.

Note 15. Short-term Bank Borrowings

Short-term bank borrowings are repayable within a year from the borrowing date. They are used to finance the Group’s day-to-day merchant banking business.

As at December 31:	2017			2016
Credit facilities from banks		$	2,074		$	95,416

As at December 31, 2017, the Group had credit facilities aggregating $29,000 as follows: (a) non-recourse factoring lines for receivables financing of $19,600; (b) a refinancing line at the Group’s bank subsidiary of $7,500; and (c) a commodity hedging credit facility of $1,900 which allows management to hedge industrial metals and products for the Group’s production subsidiaries. All these facilities are renewable on a yearly basis or usable until further notice.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 16. Debt

Certain of the Group’s subsidiaries have entered into long-term debt agreements with numerous banks and financial institutions. These agreements, which include customary terms and conditions in accordance with industry standards for unsecured facilities, include:

As at December 31:	2017			2016
Due to a bank, US$19,430 and US$19,428 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, fixed interest plus an interest margin and backup guarantee fee on US$19,428 (5.05% at December 31, 2017) and payable quarterly, secured by intercompany loan receivables and due in equal annual repayments with final repayment in September 2022		$	24,374		$	26,085
Due to a bank, €nil and €16,414 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively			—			23,257
Due to banks, €nil and €8,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016,			—			11,335
Due to a bank €nil and €25,900 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively			—			36,699
Due to a bank, €13,605 and €14,642 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, €13,404 at a fixed interest rate (2.7% at December 31, 2017) and the remainder at EURIBOR plus an interest margin (1.55% at December 31, 2017) and payable quarterly, due in semi-annual repayments with final payment in May 2025. Repayments totaling $1,559 were past-due at December 31, 2017.			19,359			19,437
		$	43,733		$	116,813
Current portion		$	43,733		$	36,249
Long-term portion			—			80,564
		$	43,733		$	116,813

For additional information, see Note 27.

All long-term debt was classified to current liabilities as at December 31, 2017 as the lender notified the subsidiary borrowers that the debt had been accelerated and called due in 2018. The Group is in the process of negotiating an extension or other resolution with the lender on these subsidiaries’ debts.

Interest expense of $nil, $nil and $608 was capitalized and included in property, plant and equipment during the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Note 17. Account Payables and Accrued Expenses

As at December 31:	2017			2016
Trade and account payables		$	39,528		$	27,053
Value-added, goods and services and other taxes (other than income taxes)			2,559			3,610
Compensation			392			1,837
Contract liabilities			769			535
Deposits from customers			—			1,471
Acquisition price payables			—			1,716
Sale of shares on behalf of other			—			3,067
Provision for guarantee			1,502			—
Other			—			5,825
		$	44,750		$	45,114

Trade payables arise from the Group’s day-to-day trading activities. The Group’s expenses for services and other operational expenses are included in account payables. Generally, these payables and accrual accounts do not bear interest and have a maturity of less than one year.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 18. Accrued Pension Obligations

At December 31, 2016, the Group had post-retirement defined benefit plans for its employees in Austria and Germany. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the aforesaid subsidiaries were disposed of and the Group deconsolidated the defined benefit obligations and the related plan assets, which had net accrued pension obligations of $2,593 at the time of the disposals. As at December 31, 2017, the Group did not have any post-retirement defined benefit plans and its defined benefit obligations and their fair value of the related plan assets were both $nil.

As at December 31, 2016, the Group had net accrued pension obligations of $3,259, consisting of fair value of plan assets of $1,453 and defined benefit obligations of $4,712. The balance of the fair value of plan assets of the Group as at January 1, 2016 was $11,838. During the year ended December 31, 2016, changes to the fair value of plan assets comprised of decreases of $10,394 and $1,386 from dispositions of subsidiaries and payment of benefits, respectively, and increases of $957, $215 and $223 from the return on plan assets, employer contributions and currency translation adjustments, respectively. The balance of defined benefit obligations as at January 1, 2016 was $15,899. During the year ended December 31, 2016, changes in the defined benefit obligations of the Group comprised of decreases of $10,581, $445, $1,386 and $381 from dispositions of subsidiaries, reclassifications of assets held for sale, benefits paid and currency translation adjustments, respectively and increases of $190, $392, $196 and $828 from net current service cost, obligation interest cost, actuarial losses from changes in demographic assumptions and experience and actuarial losses from changes in financial assumptions, respectively.

Note 19. Decommissioning Obligations

All of the Group’s decommissioning obligations as at December 31, 2015 were included in liabilities relating to assets held for sale in current liabilities (see Note 5). The decommissioning obligations relating to hydrocarbon properties and property, plant and equipment that ceased to be classified as held for sale effective September 30, 2016 were reclassified to long-term liabilities on the same effective date. Changes in the carrying amount of the Group’s decommissioning obligations included in long-term liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, are as follows:

	2017			2016
Decommissioning obligations, beginning of year		$	13,219		$	—
Reclassifications from liabilities relating to assets held for sale			—			17,923
Changes in estimates			255			(4,988 )
Accretion			225			284
Decommissioning obligations, end of year		$	13,699		$	13,219

Decommissioning obligations represented the present value of estimated remediation and reclamation costs associated with hydrocarbon properties and property, plant and equipment. As at December 31, 2017, management revised its estimates of the expected decommissioning obligations related to its hydrocarbon production and processing assets. The Group discounted the decommissioning obligations using an average discount rate of 1.98% (2016: 1.73%), which is the risk free rate in Canada for blended government securities.

The Group will fund the decommissioning obligations from future cash flows from operations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 20. Shareholders’ Equity

Capital Stock

The authorized share capital of MFC Bancorp is US$450,000 divided into 300,000,000 common shares of US$0.001 par value each and 150,000,000 preference shares divided into US$0.001 par value each.

Holders of common shares may receive dividends declared by the Company in accordance with the Company’s memorandum and articles of association, subject to any preferential dividend rights of any other classes or series of preference shares issued and outstanding. Holders of common shares are entitled to one vote per share at any general or special meeting of shareholders. The holders of common shares have the right on the winding up or dissolution of the Company to participate in the surplus assets of the Company in accordance with the provisions of the memorandum and articles of association of the Company, subject to the rights of any issued and outstanding preference shares.

All of the Company’s issued capital stock is fully paid. The Company did not issue any preference shares under the Arrangement in exchange for the outstanding preferred shares of Old MFC, which were held by subsidiaries of Old MFC prior to completion of the Arrangement.

Treasury Stock

As at December 31:	2017			2016
Common shares			65,647			65,647
Preferred shares			—			4,621,571
Total number of treasury stock			65,647			4,687,218
Total carrying amount of treasury stock		$	2,643		$	61,085

All of the Company’s treasury stock is held by wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Note 21. Consolidated Statements of Operations

Revenues

The Group’s gross revenues comprised:

Years ended December 31:	2017			2016			2015
Merchant banking products and services		$	249,581		$	1,078,745		$	1,580,935
Interest			973			3,056			4,237
Dividends			—			6			7
Other			23,481			49,850			43,921
Gross revenues		$	274,035		$	1,131,657		$	1,629,100

The revenues of $249,581 from merchant banking products and services for the year ended December 31, 2017 comprised metals of $143,572, plastics of $98, steel products of $23,898, minerals, chemicals and alloys of $57,768, natural gas of $8,931, royalties of $8,868, power and electricity of $4,215 and fees of $2,231.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 21. Consolidated Statements of Operations (continued)

Expenses

The Group’s costs of sales and services comprised:

Years Ended December 31:	2017			2016			2015
Merchant banking products and services		$	223,049		$	1,027,627		$	1,512,970
Credit losses on loans and receivables and guarantees, net of recoveries			23,923 *			17,023 *			54,540
Market value (increase) decrease on commodity inventories			(400 )			4,273			1,910
(Gain) loss on derivative contracts, net			(1,934 )			521			(2,913 )
Loss on securities, net			619			116			84
Dispositions of subsidiaries			10,219			(2,585 )			—
Write-offs of payables			(3,779 )			—			—
Other			11,889			14,077			7,277
Total costs of sales and services		$	263,586		$	1,061,052		$	1,573,868

Includes credit losses of $8,585 on receivables due from a former consolidated entity in the year ended December 31, 2017 (2016: $11,296).

The Group’s revenues include the revenues of the metals processing acquisition from October 1, 2017 and MFC Merchant Bank Ltd. from February 1, 2016 in its merchant banking segment.

In December 2016, the Group disposed of certain non-core commodities subsidiaries. Effective January 31, 2017, the Group completed the sale of a non-core commodities trading subsidiary which focused on Latin America. Effective October 1, 2017, the Group disposed of certain subsidiaries, including certain commodities trading subsidiaries in Europe.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Group recognized $5,619 for the underpayment of resource property royalties from prior years, which was included in revenues from merchant banking products and services.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the disposition of subsidiaries resulted in a reclassification of cumulative currency translation adjustment gain of $11,306 from accumulated other comprehensive income within equity to profit or loss.

The Group included the following items in costs of sales and services:

Years ended December 31:			2017						2016						2015
Inventories as costs of goods sold (including depreciation, amortization and depletion expenses allocated to costs of goods sold)				$	206,644					$	974,497					$	1,464,925

Additional information on the nature of expenses incurred in continuing operations

Years Ended December 31:	2017			2016			2015
Depreciation, amortization and depletion		$	6,732		$	11,951		$	6,450
Employee benefits expenses			21,016			31,890			37,951

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 22. Share-Based Compensation

The 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, referred to as the “2017 Plan”, was adopted by the Company on July 14, 2017 in connection with the Arrangement and was on substantially similar terms as the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan of Old MFC. Prior to the completion of the Arrangement, Old MFC had the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”), which replaced its 1997 Stock Option Plan (the “1997 Plan”) and its 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”).

Pursuant to the terms of the 2017 Plan, the board of directors, the Compensation Committee or such other committee as is appointed by the board of directors to administer the Incentive Plan, may grant stock options, restricted stock rights, restricted stock, performance share awards, performance share units and stock appreciation rights under the 2017 Plan, establish the terms and conditions for those awards, construe and interpret the 2017 Plan and establish the rules for the 2017 Plan’s administration. Such awards may be granted to employees, non-employee directors, officers or consultants of ours or any affiliate or any person to whom an offer of employment with us or any affiliate is extended. Such committee has the authority to determine which employees, non-employee directors, officers, consultants and prospective employees should receive such awards.

Subject to adjustment for changes in capitalization, the total number of Common Shares subject to all awards under the 2017 Plan is 575,403 Common Shares.

Pursuant to the Arrangement, 40,000 options were issued under the 2017 Plan in exchange for options issued and outstanding under Old MFC’s 2008 Plan. The terms of such issued options were the same as those of Old MFC, subject to adjustment for the Share Consolidation/Split.

In December 2017, the Company issued 535,000 options to directors, officers, employees and consultants with an exercise price of US$8.76 per Common Share and an expiry date of December 1, 2027.

The following table is a summary of the changes in stock options granted under the plans:

	2017 Plan		2017 Plan		2008 Plan		2008 Plan		1997 Plan		1997 Plan
	Number of options		Weighted average exercise price per share (US$)		Number of options		Weighted average exercise price per share (US$)		Number of options		Weighted average exercise price per share (US$)
Outstanding as at December 31, 2014		—		—		172,000		39.15		293,000		39.05
Expired				—		—		—		(18,500 )		39.05
Outstanding as at December 31, 2015		—		—		172,000		39.15		274,500		39.05
Expired		—		—		(132,000 )		39.05		(274,500 )		39.05
Outstanding as at December 31, 2016		—		—		40,000		40.05		—		—
Exchanged under the Arrangement		40,000		40.05		(40,000 )		40.05		—		—
Granted		535,000		8.76		—		—		—		—
Outstanding as at December 31, 2017		575,000		10.94		—		—		—		—
As at December 31, 2017:
Options exercisable		575,000		10.94		—				—
Options available for granting in future periods		403				—				—

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 22. Share-Based Compensation (continued)

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2017:

	Options Outstanding and Exercisable
Exercise Price per Share (US$)	Number outstanding		Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)
$40.05		40,000		1.25
$8.76		535,000		9.92
		575,000		9.31

The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group:

Years ended December 31:	2017			2016			2015
Share-based compensation expenses arising from stock options granted by the Company		$	2,876		$	—		$	—

On December 1, 2017, the Company granted to certain employees options to purchase 535,000 MFC Bancorp common shares in aggregate at an exercise price of US$8.76 per share. The options vested immediately and expire on December 1, 2027.

The weighted average assumptions and inputs used in calculating the fair value of the stock options granted on December 1, 2017 using the Black-Scholes-Merton formula are as follows:

	Number of options granted			535,000
	Vesting requirements			Immediately
	Contractual life			10 years
	Method of settlement			In equity
	Exercise price per share			US$8.76
	Market price per share on grant date			US$8.40
	Expected volatility			37.74%
	Expected option life			10 years
	Expected dividends			0.00%
	Risk-free interest rate			2.38%
	Fair value of option granted (per option)			$5.38(US$4.22)

The expected volatility was determined based on the historical price movement over the expected option life, with adjustments for underlying businesses. The stock option holders are not entitled to dividends or dividend equivalents until the options are exercised.

The aggregate fair value of options granted was $2,876 which was recognized as share-based compensation expense in the Group’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Note 23. Income Taxes

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes comprised:

Years ended December 31:	2017			2016			2015
Canada		$	7,360		$	380		$	(238,545 )
Outside Canada			(45,767 )			(17,086 )			(52,250 )
		$	(38,407 )		$	(16,706 )		$	(290,795 )

100

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 23. Income Taxes (continued)

The components of income tax (expense) recovery comprised:

Years ended December 31:	2017			2016			2015
Current taxes		$	(3,744 )		$	(4,540 )		$	(4,282 )
Deferred taxes			(3,141 )			(1,454 )			50,800
Resource revenues taxes			(1,773 )			(1,020 )			(325 )
		$	(8,658 )		$	(7,014 )		$	46,193

A reconciliation of the loss before income taxes to the (provision for) recovery of income taxes in the consolidated statements of operations is as follows:

Years ended December 31:	2017			2016			2015
Loss before income taxes		$	(38,407 )		$	(16,706 )		$	(290,795 )
Computed recovery of income taxes		$	9,792		$	4,344		$	75,607
Decrease (increase) in income taxes resulting from:
Subsidiaries’ tax rate differences			—			714			(1,107 )
Other non-taxable income			7			6,057			2,774
Revisions to prior years			4,650			(112 )			227
Taxable capital gains on dispositions, net			(3,150 )			(3,543 )			13
Resource property revenue taxes			(1,311 )			(755 )			(241 )
Unrecognized losses in current year			(20,916 )			(15,623 )			(30,469 )
Previously unrecognized deferred income tax assets, net			2,877			5,747			1,449
Deferred income tax asset on a purchased asset			—			—			1,339
Permanent differences			(363 )			(1,448 )			(3,865 )
Change in future tax rate			—			—			11
Other, net			(244 )			(2,395 )			455
(Provision for) recovery of income taxes		$	(8,658 )		$	(7,014 )		$	46,193

For the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the income tax recovery was computed at Old MFC’s statutory tax rate of 26%, For the year ended December 31, 2017, the income tax recovery was computed at the domestic tax rates applicable to the country concerned, as New MFC is a corporation under the laws of the Cayman Islands which has a zero tax rate for the exempted companies.

In addition, the aggregate current and deferred income tax relating to items that are charged directly to other comprehensive income or loss was an expense of $nil, $nil and $109 for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, relating to the changes in fair values of available-for-sale securities and the remeasurements of defined benefit pension plans.

Note 24. Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share from continuing operations data for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are summarized as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Basic loss available to holders of common shares		$	(47,855 )		$	(25,361 )		$	(246,228 )
Effect of dilutive securities:			—			—			—
Diluted loss		$	(47,855 )		$	(25,361 )		$	(246,228 )

101

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 24. Earnings Per Share (continued)

	Number of Shares
	2017		2016		2015
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic		12,544,141		12,628,454		12,628,454
Effect of dilutive securities:
Options		—		—		—
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – diluted		12,544,141		12,628,454		12,628,454

In 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Group’s potential ordinary shares include stock options outstanding. In 2016 and 2015, the potential ordinary shares also included contingently issuable shares pursuant to a share purchase agreement.

As at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, there were 575,000, 40,000 and 446,500 stock options, respectively, outstanding that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future, but were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they were antidilutive for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Pursuant to a share purchase agreement (as amended), 10,000 common shares of MFC Bancorp would be issued to a put holder for each year from 2014 to 2024 if Possehl Mexico S.A. de C.V. (“Possehl”) achieves an annual net income milestone as computed under IFRS for the year (see Note 28). The net income milestone for 2015 was not achieved. The net income milestone for 2016 was achieved, subject to an audit. However, the 10,000 additional common shares of MFC Bancorp were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2016 because they were antidilutive. The milestone agreement was terminated in 2017 (see Note 28).

Note 25. Dividends Paid

The Company did not declare dividends in 2017, 2016 and 2015. The last and final 2014 quarterly dividends of $4,388 (or US$0.06 per common share on a pre-Share Consolidation/Split basis) were paid on January 5, 2015 to shareholders of record on December 29, 2014, which was disclosed in the consolidated cash flows statement for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Note 26. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases as lessors

The Group leases out land and buildings and equipment under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. The leases have varying terms, subject to the customary practices in the particular regions.

Future minimum rentals under long-term non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Years ending December 31:	Amount
2018		$	1,765
2019			655
2020			555
2021			449
2022			390
Thereafter			26
		$	3,840

The Group recognized rental and lease income of $6,026, $15,470 and $5,345 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

102

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 26. Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

Leases as lessees

Future minimum commitments under long-term non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Years ending December 31:	Amount
2018		$	988
2019			487
2020			61
2021			19
2022			—
Thereafter			—
		$	1,555

The leases, which principally comprise office space, have varying terms, subject to the customary practices in the local regions. Minimum lease payments recognized as expenses were $3,120 (including contingent rents of $115), $2,565 (including sublease of $734 and contingent rents of $20) and $3,569 (including sublease of $875) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Litigation

The Group is subject to routine litigation incidental to its business and is named from time to time as a defendant and is a plaintiff from time to time in various legal actions arising in connection with its activities, certain of which may include large claims for punitive damages. Further, due to the size, complexity and nature of the Group’s operations, various legal and tax matters are outstanding from time to time, including periodic audit by various tax authorities and litigation relating to the insolvency filing of a former customer in February 2016. Currently, based upon information available, management does not believe any such matters would have a material adverse effect upon the Group’s financial condition or results of operations as at December 31, 2017. However, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there cannot be certainty as to the eventual outcome of any case. If management’s current assessments are incorrect or if management is unable to resolve any of these matters favorably, there may be a material adverse impact on the Group’s financial performance, cash flows or results of operations.

Guarantees

Guarantees are accounted for as contingent liabilities unless it becomes probable that the Group will be required to make a payment under the guarantee.

In the normal course of its merchant banking activities, the Group issues guarantees to its trade and financing partners in order to secure financing facilities. Upon the use or drawdown of the underlying financing facilities, the financing facilities are recorded as liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position such as short-term bank borrowings or debt. Accordingly, the issued guarantees relating to such financing facilities that are used or drawn are not considered contingent liabilities or off-balance sheet transactions. As at December 31, 2017, the Group did not have unrecorded contingent liabilities relating to outstanding guarantees issued to its trade and financing partners in the normal course of its merchant banking activities (see Note 29).

Rights to Subscribe to Shares in Subsidiaries

During 2017, two subsidiaries of the Group entered into agreements with third party employee incentive corporations whereby the latter were granted the rights to buy up to 10% of the share capital of the subsidiaries on a diluted basis at a price to be no less or more than the then existing net tangible asset value. The rights expire in 10 years.

Purchase Obligations

As at December 31, 2017, the Group had open purchase contracts aggregating $67 due in 2018. None of these contracts have been recognized on the consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2017.

103

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 27. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Supplemental Disclosure

Interest paid and received, dividends received and income taxes paid are classified as operating activities. Dividends paid are classified as financing activities.

The Group establishes, utilizes and maintains various kinds of credit lines and facilities with banks and insurers. Most of these facilities are short term. These facilities are used in our day-to-day supply chain business and structured solutions activities. The amounts drawn under such facilities fluctuate with the kind and level of transactions being undertaken. As a result, management considers short-term bank borrowings to be a part of its operating activities and that it is most appropriate to include the changes in short-term bank borrowings within operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

There are no circumstances in which cash and cash equivalents held by an entity are not available for use by the Group.

Consolidated cash flows statement – reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities

Year ended December 31, 2017:	Debt
Opening balance		$	116,813
Cash flows			(42,253 )
Non-cash changes:
Disposition of subsidiaries			(34,996 )
Accretion			187
Cumulative transaction adjustments			3,982
Ending balance		$	43,733

Non-cash transactions

Non-cash transactions during the year ended December 31, 2017: (1) sale of the shares of a non-core Latin America focused commodities trading subsidiary to a company controlled by the former President of the Company (see Note 28); (2) disposition of subsidiaries (see Note 31); (3) offsetting of a payable of $12,264 due to a former subsidiary against a receivable due from the same entity; (4) redemption of preferred shares of $52,299 in a subsidiary held by the former subsidiary in an exchange of trade receivables with a fair value of $52,299; and (5) offsetting of long-term deposit liabilities of $545 against finance lease receivables.

Non-cash transactions during the year ended December 31, 2016: (1) purchase of certain unproved lands from a former subsidiary for $790 at their fair value in exchange for a reduction of the Group’s loan receivables due from the former subsidiary; and (2) settlement of a trade receivable of $1,343 by the customer undertaking to deliver physical commodity goods of equal value to the Group in the future.

Non-cash transactions during the year ended December 31, 2015: (1) recognition of a non-cash gain of $1,194 on the reversal of a decommissioning obligation (which was included in costs of sales and services); (2) issuance of 10,000 common shares of MFC Bancorp to a director pursuant to a share purchase agreement executed in 2014 (see Note 28); and (3) the Group sold a 95% participating interest in certain hydrocarbon assets and related liabilities, resulting in a post-tax loss of $11,987 on disposition which was included in the results of discontinued operations and a net receivable of $11,600 due from the former subsidiaries (see Note 5).

104

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 28. Related Party Transactions

In the normal course of operations, the Group enters into transactions with related parties, which include affiliates in which the Group has a significant equity interest (10% or more) or has the ability to influence their operating and financing policies through significant shareholding, representation on the board of directors, corporate charter and/or bylaws. The related parties also include MFC Bancorp’s directors, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and their close family members, as well as any person or entity which has significant influence over MFC Bancorp. In addition to transactions disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the Group had the following transactions with its related parties:

Years ended December 31:			2017						2016						2015
Sales of goods				$	—					$	—					$	3,349

Puttable instrument financial liability

In connection with the acquisition of Possehl in November 2012, the Group entered into call and put agreements with the non-controlling interest, which allowed or required the Group to acquire up to 100% of the entity. As a result of the put options (i.e. puttable instrument), the non-controlling interest was classified as financial liability.

In April 2014, the Group entered into a share purchase agreement with the holder of the puttable instrument (the “Put Holder”) whereby the Group acquired from the Put Holder his 40% equity shares in Possehl. Upon the execution of the agreement, the puttable instrument was terminated. In May 2014, the Put Holder was appointed by the Board of Directors as the President and Chief Executive Officer of MFC Bancorp. The share purchase agreement was amended in June 2014 which included a contingent purchase price whereby 10,000 common shares of MFC Bancorp would be issued to the Put Holder for each year from 2014 to 2024 if Possehl achieves an annual net income milestone as computed under IFRS for the year.

In June 2015, the Company issued 10,000 common shares of MFC Bancorp to the Put Holder as the 2014 annual net income milestone of Possehl was achieved.

In January 2017, in connection with its previously announced strategy to re-allocate capital and resources and exit certain products and geographies, the Group sold the shares of a non-core Latin America focused commodities trading subsidiary to a company controlled by the Put Holder. Under the transaction, the Group received total consideration of $14,413, including 90,000 common shares of MFC Bancorp and the release of any further obligations to issue shares in connection with a prior share purchase agreement between the parties. The Group recognized a gain of $57 from the disposition of the subsidiary and its immediate parent company. In March 2017, the Put Holder resigned as the President and Chief Executive Officer of MFC Bancorp.

Key management personnel

The Group’s key management personnel comprise the members of its Board of Directors, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The remuneration of key management personnel of the Group was as follows:

Years ended December 31:	2017			2016			2015
Short-term employee benefits		$	1,777		$	2,296		$	2,719
Directors’ fees			576			634			479
Share-based compensation			713			—			—
Total		$	3,066		$	2,930		$	3,198

The share-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2017 comprised $323 and $390, respectively, on the stock options granted to directors and other key management personnel (see Note 22).

105

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 29. Financial Instruments

The disclosures and analyses in this note do not include the financial instruments classified as assets held for sale and their related revenues and expenses presented (or re-presented) in discontinued operations.

The fair values of the Group’s financial instruments as at December 31, 2017 and 2016, other than those with carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature, are summarized as follows:

As at December 31:	2017						2016
	Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Carrying Amount			Fair Value
Financial Assets :
Fair value through profit or loss:
Short-term securities		$	6		$	6		$	7		$	7
Derivative assets			246			246			1,240			1,240
Loans and receivables:
Long-term loan receivables (including current portion)			—			—			9,392			9,392
Available-for-sale instruments:
Securities, at fair value			5,892			5,892			5,572			5,572
Securities (including restricted non-current assets – securities), at cost			—			—			232			232
Financial Liabilities :
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost:
Debt		$	43,733		$	43,733		$	116,813		$	118,015
Fair value through profit or loss:
Derivative liabilities			302			302			6,454			6,454

Fair value of a financial instrument represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction in the principal (or most advantageous) market at the measurement date under current market conditions regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using a valuation technique. The price for a transaction which takes place under duress or the seller is forced to accept the price in the transaction might not represent the fair value of an asset or a liability. The best evidence of fair value is published price quotations in an active market. When the market for a financial asset or financial liability is not active, the Group establishes fair value by using a valuation technique. The valuation technique used maximizes the use of inputs observed in active markets, and minimizes the use of inputs generated by the Group. Internally generated inputs take into account factors that market participants would consider when pricing the financial instruments, such as liquidity and credit risks. Use of judgment is significantly involved in estimating fair value of financial instruments in inactive markets and actual results could materially differ from the estimates. To value longer-term transactions and transactions in less active markets for which pricing information is not generally available, unobservable inputs may be used.

The fair values of short-term trading securities are based on quoted market prices (Level 1 fair value hierarchy). The fair values of available-for-sale securities are based on quoted market prices, except for those which are not quoted in an active market which are estimated using an appropriate valuation method (Level 3 fair value hierarchy). Investments in equity instruments that do not have a quoted price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured are measured at cost. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, short-term cash deposits, short-term receivables, short-term borrowings and account payables and accrued expenses, due to their short-term nature and normal trade credit terms, approximate their fair values. The fair values of long-term receivables, long-term debt and other long-term liabilities are determined using discounted cash flows at prevailing market rates of interest for similar instruments with similar credit ratings (Level 2 fair value hierarchy).

106

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 29. Financial Instruments (continued)

The fair values of derivative financial instruments are based on quoted market prices when possible; and if not available, estimates from third-party brokers. These broker estimates are corroborated with multiple sources and/or other observable market data utilizing assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and market liquidity (Level 2 fair value hierarchy). Inputs may be readily observable or market-corroborated.

The following tables present the Group’s financial instruments measured at fair value on the consolidated statements of financial position classified by level of the fair value hierarchy as at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively:

As at December 31, 2017	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Financial Assets :
Fair value through profit or loss:
Short-term securities		$	6		$	—		$	—		$	6
Derivative assets			—			246			—			246
Available-for-sale:
Securities			5,892			—			—			5,892
Total		$	5,898		$	246		$	—		$	6,144
Financial Liabilities :
Fair value through profit or loss:
Derivative liabilities		$	—		$	302		$	—		$	302

As at December 31, 2016	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Financial Assets :
Fair value through profit or loss:
Short-term securities		$	7		$	—		$	—		$	7
Derivative assets			—			1,240			—			1,240
Available-for-sale:
Securities			5,572			—			—			5,572
Total		$	5,579		$	1,240		$	—		$	6,819
Financial Liabilities :
Fair value through profit or loss:
Derivative liabilities		$	—		$	6,454		$	—		$	6,454

Generally, management of the Group believes that current financial assets and financial liabilities, due to their short-term nature, do not pose significant financial risks. The Group uses various financial instruments to manage its exposure to various financial risks. The policies for controlling the risks associated with financial instruments include, but are not limited to, standardized company procedures and policies on matters such as hedging of risk exposure, avoidance of undue concentration of risk and requirements for collateral (including letters of credit and bank guarantees) to mitigate credit risk. The Group has risk managers and other personnel to perform checking functions and risk assessments so as to ensure that the Group’s procedures and policies are complied with.

Many of the Group’s strategies, including the use of derivative instruments and the types of derivative instruments selected by the Group, are based on historical trading patterns and correlations and the Group’s management’s expectations of future events. However, these strategies may not be fully effective in all market environments or against all types of risks. Unexpected market developments may affect the Group’s risk management strategies during the period, and unanticipated developments could impact the Group’s risk management strategies in the future. If any of the variety of instruments and strategies the Group utilizes is not effective, the Group may incur losses.

107

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 29. Financial Instruments (continued)

The Group does not trade in financial instruments, including derivative financial instruments, for speculative purposes.

The nature of the risks that the Group’s financial instruments are subject to as at December 31, 2017 is set out in the following table:

Risks

Market risks

Financial instrument

Credit

Liquidity

Currency

Interest rate

Other price

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term cash deposits

Short-term securities

Long-term securities

Derivative securities and financial liabilities

Receivables

Short-term bank borrowings

Account payables and accrued expenses

Debt

A sensitivity analysis for each type of market risk to which the Group is exposed on its financial instruments at the end of the reporting period is provided, showing how profit or loss and equity would have been affected by changes in the relevant risk variable that were reasonably possible at that date. These ranges of parameters are estimated by management, which are based on the facts and circumstances available at the time estimates are made, and an assumption of stable socio-economic and geopolitical states. No unusual nor exceptional events, for example, natural disasters or human-made crises and calamities, are taken into consideration when the sensitivity analysis is prepared. Actual occurrence could differ from these assumptions and such differences could be material.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the other party to incur a financial loss. Financial instruments which potentially subject the Group to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term cash deposits, derivative financial instruments and credit exposure (including outstanding receivables and committed transactions). The Group has deposited cash and cash equivalents and short-term cash deposits and entered into derivative financial instrument contracts with reputable financial institutions with high credit ratings and management believes the risk of loss from these counterparties to be remote.

Most of the Group’s credit exposure is with counterparties in the merchant banking segment and are subject to normal industry credit risk. The Group has receivables from various entities including, primarily, trade customers. Credit risk from trade receivables is mitigated since they are credit insured, covered by letters of credit, bank guarantees and/or other credit enhancements. The Group routinely monitors credit risk exposure, including sector, geographic and corporate concentrations of credit and set and regularly review counterparties’ credit limits based on rating agency credit ratings and/or internal assessments of the customers and industry analysis. The Group also uses factoring and credit insurances to manage credit risk. Management believes that these measures minimize the Group’s overall credit risk; however, there can be no assurance that these processes will protect the Group against all losses from non-performance.

The average contractual credit period for trade receivables is 60-65 days and up to 180 days for certain sales. With the use of factoring facilities, the average cash collection period is reduced to approximately 15 days. For the aging analysis of past-due receivables, see Note 7.

108

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 29. Financial Instruments (continued)

The maximum credit risk exposure as at December 31, 2017 is as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term cash deposits	$	75,064
Derivative assets		246
Receivables		55,949
Amounts recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position		131,259
Guarantees (see Note 26)		—
Maximum credit risk exposure	$	131,259

In February 2016, certain guarantees related to a customer filing for insolvency were called and the Group met its obligations under these amounts. Since these guarantees were no longer contingent, but instead were probable, they were recognized as provisions of $40,677 as at December 31, 2015, which were paid during the year ended December 31, 2016. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Group received proceeds of $39,149 from risk mitigation assets related to these guarantees, of which $35,121 was credited to profit or loss through a recovery of credit loss and the remainder was credited to trade receivables. During 2017, a net reversal of credit loss of $1,317 was credited to profit or loss (see Note 7).

In 2018, the calling of a guarantee resulted in a provision for credit loss of $1,502 as at December 31, 2017 (see Note 17).

Please see sub-heading of “Concentration risk” in this note on credit risk concentration.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that an entity will encounter difficulty in raising funds to meet commitments associated with financial instruments. The Group requires liquidity specifically to fund capital requirements, satisfy financial obligations as they become due, and to operate its merchant banking business. The Group puts in place an actively managed production and capital expenditure budgeting process for major capital programs. The Group’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it always has sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they fall due, under normal and stress conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses. The Group maintains an adequate level of liquidity, with a portion of its assets held in cash and cash equivalents. The Group also maintains adequate banking facilities, including factoring arrangements. It is the Group’s policy to invest cash in highly liquid, diversified money market funds or bank deposits for a period of less than three months. The Group may also invest in cash deposits with an original maturity date of more than three months so as to earn higher interest income.

Generally, trade payables are due within 90 days and other payables and accrued expenses are due within one year. All short-term bank borrowings are renewable on a yearly basis. All long-term debt was classified to current liabilities as at December 31, 2017 as the lender notified the subsidiary borrowers that the debt had been accelerated and called due. The schedule of future payments is based on the Group’s historical payment patterns and management’s interpretation of contractual arrangements. The actual cash outflows might occur significantly earlier than indicated in the schedule or be for significantly different amounts from those indicated in the schedule.

Currency risk

Currency risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Currency risk does not arise from financial instruments that are non-monetary items or from financial instruments denominated in the functional currency. The Group operates internationally and is exposed to risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly the Euro, Canadian dollar and U.S. dollar. Currency risk arises principally from future trading transactions, and recognized assets and liabilities. In order to reduce the Group’s exposure to foreign currency risk on material contracts (including intercompany loans) denominated in foreign currencies (other than the functional currencies of the Group companies), the Group may use foreign currency forward contracts and options to protect its financial

109

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 29. Financial Instruments (continued)

positions. As at December 31, 2017, in its continuing operations, the Group had foreign currency derivative financial instruments (foreign currency forward contracts and options) with aggregate notional amounts of $14,766 (2016: $196,089) and a net unrealized fair value gain of $75 (2016: net loss of $2,416).

The Group does not have any material exposure to highly inflationary foreign currencies.

Sensitivity analysis:

At December 31, 2017, if the U.S. dollar had weakened 10% against the Group companies’ functional currencies with all other variables held constant, loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $1,180 higher. Conversely, if the U.S. dollar had strengthened 10% against the Group companies’ functional currencies with all other variables held constant, loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $1,180 lower. The reason for such change is mainly due to certain U.S. dollar denominated financial instrument assets (net of liabilities) held by entities whose functional currencies were not the U.S. dollar. There would have been no material impact arising from financial instruments on other comprehensive income in either case.

At December 31, 2017, if the Euro had weakened 10% against the Group companies’ functional currencies with all other variables held constant, loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $1,038 lower. Conversely, if the Euro had strengthened 10% against the Group companies’ functional currencies with all other variables held constant, loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $1,038 higher. The reason for such change is mainly due to certain Euro denominated financial instrument liabilities (net of assets) owed by entities whose functional currencies were not the Euro. There would have been no impact arising from financial instruments on other comprehensive income in either case.

At December 31, 2017, if the Canadian dollar had weakened 10% against the Group companies’ functional currencies with all other variables held constant, loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $9,911 lower. Conversely, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10% against the Group companies’ functional currencies with all other variables held constant, loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $9,911 higher. The reason for such change is mainly due to certain Canadian dollar-denominated financial instrument liabilities (net of assets) owed by an entity whose functional currencies were not the Canadian dollar. There would have been no impact arising from financial instruments on other comprehensive income in either case.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. Short-term financial assets and financial liabilities are generally not exposed to significant interest rate risk, because of their short-term nature. As at December 31, 2017, the Group did not have any long-term debt due after more than one year.

Sensitivity analysis:

At December 31, 2017, if benchmark interest rates (such as EURIBOR, LIBOR or prime rates) at that date had been 100 basis points (1.00%) per annum lower with all other variables held constant, loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $84 lower, arising mainly as a result of lower net interest expense. Conversely, if benchmark interest rates at that date had been 100 basis points (1.00%) per annum higher with all other variables held constant, loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $84 higher, arising mainly as a result of higher net interest expense. There would have been no impact arising from financial instruments on the Group’s other comprehensive income.

110

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 29. Financial Instruments (continued)

Other price risk

Other price risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate as a result of changes in market prices, whether those changes are caused by factors specific to the individual instrument or its issuer or factors affecting all instruments traded in the market. The Group’s other price risk includes equity price risk whereby the Group’s investments in equities of other entities that are classified as held for trading or available for sale are subject to market price fluctuations. The Group did not hold any asset-backed securities.

Sensitivity analysis:

At December 31, 2017, if equity prices in general had weakened 10% with all other variables held constant, loss and other comprehensive loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $1 higher and $77 higher, respectively. Conversely, if equity prices in general had strengthened 10% with all other variables held constant, loss and other comprehensive loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $1 lower and $77 lower, respectively.

In addition, the Group buys and sells futures contracts on the London Metal Exchange and enters into financial derivative contracts (e.g. futures and swaps) with banks, customers and brokers. Management uses the financial derivative contracts to manage the price fluctuations for its own account or for customers. As at December 31, 2017, in its continuing operations, the Group had outstanding derivative financial instruments with an aggregate notional amount of $8,690 (2016: $37,324), respectively, primarily to hedge against the long position in inventories and the usage of energy, which resulted in a net unrealized fair value loss of $131 (2016: $2,798).

Sensitivity analysis:

At December 31, 2017, if the underlying prices in the financial instrument contracts in general had weakened 10% with all other variables held constant, loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $5 higher. Conversely, if the underlying prices in the financial instrument contracts in general had strengthened 10% with all other variables held constant, loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $5 lower. There would have been no impact arising from financial instruments on other comprehensive income in either case.

The Group executes contracts with third parties for the sale and physical delivery of inventory so as to achieve a targeted price. Such contracts are not typically financial instruments and therefore are excluded from the fair value disclosures and sensitivity analyses.

Concentration risk

Management determines the concentration risk threshold amount as any single financial asset (or liability) exceeding 10% of total financial assets (or liabilities) in the Group’s consolidated statement of financial position.

The Group regularly maintains cash balances in financial institutions in excess of insured limits. The Group has deposited cash and cash equivalents, short-term cash deposits and restricted cash with reputable financial institutions with high credit ratings, and management believes the risk of loss to be remote. As at December 31, 2017, the Group had cash and cash equivalents aggregating $2,412 with a banking group in Europe. The Group also owed $45,721 in aggregate short-term banking borrowings and debt to the European banking group and had derivative contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $14,766 with the European banking group. A customer filed for insolvency in 2016. As of December 31, 2017, the Group recognized trade receivables of $21,375 (2016: $100,008) due from the customer and its affiliates, net of allowance for credit losses.

Offsetting a financial asset and financial liabilities

In December 2016, the Group and a financial institution reached a legally enforceable agreement whereby the Group would set off its cash account with the financial institution against its debt and payables owing to the same financial institution. The realization of the cash account and the settlement of liabilities were

111

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 29. Financial Instruments (continued)

simultaneously completed on January 2, 2017. As a result, the financial assets were set off against the financial liabilities as at December 31, 2016 as follows:

Recognized asset and liabilities	Gross amount			Amount set off			Net amount*
Cash and cash equivalents		$	201,866		$	(81,190 )		$	120,676
Debt, current portion			114,228			(77,979 )			36,249
Accounts payables and accrued expenses			48,325			(3,211 )			45,114

Amounts presented in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Additional disclosure

In addition to information disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the Group had significant items of income, expense, and gains and losses resulting from financial assets and financial liabilities which were included in profit or loss from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Interest income on financial assets not at fair value through profit or loss		$	434		$	605		$	743
Interest income on financial assets classified at fair value through profit or loss			539			2,451			3,494
Total interest income		$	973		$	3,056		$	4,237
Interest expense on financial liabilities not at fair value through profit or loss		$	3,509		$	7,747		$	3,701
Interest expense on financial liabilities classified at fair value through profit or loss			1,195			7,720			13,793
Total interest expense		$	4,704		$	15,467		$	17,494
Dividend income on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		$	—		$	—		$	—
Dividend income on financial assets classified as available for sale, other			—			6			7
Net gain on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss			6,825			1,240			2,829

Note 30. Fair Value Disclosure for Non-financial Assets

The fair values of the Group’s financial instrument assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on the consolidated statements of financial position are discussed in Note 29. The following tables present non-financial assets which are measured at fair value in the consolidated statements of financial position, classified by level of the fair value hierarchy:

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as at December 31, 2017:

	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
Inventories		$	1,039		$	271		$	—
Investment property			—			37,660			—
Total		$	1,039		$	37,931		$	—

112

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 30. Fair Value Disclosure for Non-financial Assets (continued)

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as at December 31, 2016:

	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
Inventories		$	1,655		$	13,529		$	—
Investment property			—			35,663			—
Total		$	1,655		$	49,192		$	—

Commodity inventories are measured at fair value less costs to sell. The fair values are determined by reference to their contractual selling prices or quoted prices in marketplaces in the absence of a contract (level 1 fair value hierarchy). An average of past sale prices is used when there are no observable market prices or current contracts but there have been recent past sales of such goods and there are no indications that the market prices have been materially impacted (level 2 fair value hierarchy).

The fair values of investment property are measured using an income approach which includes the following inputs: land value, realized basic rents, operating costs, discount rates and damages and defects (level 2 fair value hierarchy). The valuation approach was consistent for both 2017 and 2016. Both the 2017 and 2016 valuations were performed by an independent external valuator who is an authorized expert for the valuation of developed and undeveloped land in Germany and holds recognized and relevant professional qualifications and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

Note 31. MFC Bancorp and its Significant Subsidiaries

MFC Bancorp, through a subsidiary, has an executive office at 2-4 Merrion Row, Dublin 2, Ireland.

A subsidiary is an entity that is controlled by MFC Bancorp. The following table shows the Company’s direct and indirect significant subsidiaries as at December 31, 2017. The table excludes subsidiaries which only hold intercompany assets and liabilities and do not have an active business as well as subsidiaries whose results and net assets did not materially impact the consolidated results and net assets of the Group.

Subsidiaries	Country of Incorporation	Proportion of Interest
Kasese Cobalt Company Limited	Uganda	75%
MFC (A) Ltd	Marshall Islands	99.72%
MFC (D) Ltd	Marshall Islands	99.72%
M Financial Corp.	Barbados	100%
Merchants Financial Corp	Marshall Islands	99.96%
MFC Merchant Bank Limited	Malta	100%
Sino Medical Technology Co. Ltd	Marshall Islands	99.54%

As at December 31, 2017, the Group controlled entities in which the Group held more than 50% of the voting rights and did not control any entities in which the Group held 50% or less of the voting rights. The Group’s proportional voting interests in the subsidiaries are identical to its proportional beneficial interests, except for: (i) a non-wholly-owned subsidiary in Africa from which the Group derives a 100% beneficial interest resulting from holding a shareholder loan; and (ii) MFC (A) Ltd. and MFC (B) Ltd., in each of which the Group holds a 99.68% proportional beneficial interest. In addition, the Group consolidated certain structured entities as at December 31, 2017.

As at December 31, 2017, none of the non-controlling interests are material to the Group. During the year ended December 31, 2017, two subsidiaries, pursuant to the terms of respective option deeds, issued shares to the non-controlling interests. These share issuances were accounted for as equity transactions and were credited to non-controlling interests directly.

As at December 31, 2017, there were no significant restrictions (statutory, contractual and regulatory restrictions, including protective rights of non-controlling interests) on MFC Bancorp’s ability to access or use the assets and settle the liabilities of the Group.

113

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MFC BANCORP LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

Note 31. MFC Bancorp and its Significant Subsidiaries (continued)

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Group sold the shares of a non-core Latin America focused commodities trading subsidiary, resulting in a gain of $57 (see Note 28). The Group also disposed of several other subsidiaries which resulted in a net loss of $10,276, which were included in the consolidated statement of operations.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Group disposed of several merchant banking subsidiaries resulting in a gain of $3,590. The Group also recognized a total loss of $1,005 on the dispositions of other merchant banking subsidiaries. These gain and losses on the dispositions of the subsidiaries were included in the consolidated statement of operations.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Group sold a 95% economic interest in certain hydrocarbon assets and the related liabilities to a third party for nominal and contingent consideration and derecognized the former subsidiaries holding these assets and liabilities. As a result, the Group recognized a non-cash post-tax loss of $11,987 in discontinued operations upon the deconsolidation (see Note 5).

Note 32. Approval of Consolidated Financial Statements

These consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorized for issue on April 10, 2018.

114

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ITEM 19: EXHIBITS

Exhibits Required by Form 20-F

Exhibit Number			Description
1.1			Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association adopted on July 12, 2017. Incorporated by reference from our Form 6-K dated July 14, 2017.
4.1			2017 Equity Incentive Plan.
4.2			Amended and Restated Arrangement Agreement dated June 7, 2017 among MFC Bancorp Ltd., MFC Bancorp Ltd. and MFC 2017 II Ltd. Incorporated by reference from our Form 6-K dated June 14, 2017.
8.1			List of significant subsidiaries of MFC Bancorp Ltd. as at December 31, 2017.
11.1			Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Insider Trading Policy.
12.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
12.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
13.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
13.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101*			eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL).

Note:

To be filed by amendment.

115

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

Date: April 10, 2018

MFC BANCORP LTD.

/s/ Michael J. Smith

Michael J. Smith
President and Chief Executive Officer

116

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Item 3: Key Information D. Risk Factors Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects Results Of Operations Item 1: Identity Of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers Item 2: Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable Item 3: Key Information Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects Item 4: Information on The Company Regulation Item 8: Financial Information A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information Item 10: Additional Information B. Memorandum and Articles Of Association Item 4: Information on The Company Item 4A: Unresolved Staff Comments Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions Item 8: Financial Information Item 18: Financial Statements Item 9: The Offer and Listing Item 10: Additional Information Item 3: Key Information D. Risk Factors Risk Factors Relating To Our Business Risks Relating To Continuing Operations Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 12: Description Of Securities Other Than Equity Securities Part II Item 13: Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects Liquidity and Capital Resources Item 15: Controls and Procedures Item 16: [reserved]Item 16A: Audit Committee Financial Expert Item 16B: Code Of Ethics Item 16C: Principal Accountant Fees and Services Item 16D: Exemptions From The Listing Standards For Audit Committees Item 16F: Change in Registrant S Certifying Accountant Item 16G: Corporate Governance Item 16H: Mine Safety Disclosure Item 17: Financial Statements Note 1. Nature Of Business Note 2. Basis Of Presentation and Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Note 2. Basis Of Presentation and Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)Note 4. Acquisitions Of Consolidated Entities Note 5. Assets Classified As Held For Sale and Discontinued Operations Note 5. Assets Classified As Held For Sale and Discontinued Operations (continued)Note 6. Business Segment Information Note 6. Business Segment Information (continued)Note 7. Trade Receivables Note 7. Trade Receivables (continued)Note 8. Other Receivables Note 8. Other Receivables (continued)Note 9. Inventories Note 10. Deposits, Prepaid and Other Note 11. Investment Property Note 12. Property, Plant and Equipment Note 13. Interests in Resource Properties Note 13. Interests in Resource Properties (continued)Note 14. Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities Note 14. Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities (continued)Note 15. Short-term Bank Borrowings Note 16. Debt Note 17. Account Payables and Accrued Expenses Note 18. Accrued Pension Obligations Note 19. Decommissioning Obligations Note 20. Shareholders Equity Note 21. Consolidated Statements Of Operations Note 21. Consolidated Statements Of Operations (continued)Note 22. Share-based Compensation Note 22. Share-based Compensation (continued)Note 23. Income Taxes Note 23. Income Taxes (continued)Note 24. Earnings Per Share Note 24. Earnings Per Share (continued)Note 25. Dividends Paid Note 26. Commitments and Contingencies Note 26. Commitments and Contingencies (continued)Note 27. Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows Supplemental Disclosure Note 28. Related Party Transactions Note 29. Financial Instruments Note 29. Financial Instruments (continued)Note 30. Fair Value Disclosure For Non-financial Assets Note 30. Fair Value Disclosure For Non-financial Assets (continued)Note 31. Mfc Bancorp and Its Significant Subsidiaries Note 31. Mfc Bancorp and Its Significant Subsidiaries (continued)Note 32. Approval Of Consolidated Financial Statements Item 19: Exhibits

Exhibits

1.1 Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association adopted on July 12, 2017. Incorporated by reference from our Form 6-K dated July 14, 2017. 4.1 2017 Equity Incentive Plan. 4.2 Amended and Restated Arrangement Agreement dated June 7, 2017 among MFC Bancorp Ltd., MFC Bancorp Ltd. and MFC 2017 II Ltd. Incorporated by reference from our Form 6-K dated June 14, 2017. 8.1 List of significant subsidiaries of MFC Bancorp Ltd. as at December 31, 2017. 11.1 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Insider Trading Policy. 12.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 12.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 13.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 13.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

SRL 20-F Report ended Dec. 31, 2017

Exhibits