SVC 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2018

SERVICE PROPERTIES TRUST

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10-Q 1 hptq3201810qdocument.htm 10-Q Document

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-11527

HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)



Maryland		04-3262075
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

Two Newton Place, 255 Washington Street, Suite 300, Newton, Massachusetts 02458

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

617-964-8389

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer ☒		Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of registrant’s common shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value per share, outstanding as of November 5, 2018 : 164,442,379

Table of Contents

HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

FORM 10-Q

September 30, 2018

INDEX



		Page
PART I	Financial Information (unaudited)

	Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	5

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6

	Item 2.
	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21

	Item 3.
	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37

	Item 4.
	Controls and Procedures	40

	Warning Concerning Forward Looking Statements	40

	Statement Concerning Limited Liability	44

PART II	Other Information

	Item 1A.
	Risk Factors	45

	Item 2.
	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	45

	Item 6.
	Exhibits	45

	Signatures	47

References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “HPT”, “we”, “us” or “our” include Hospitality Properties Trust and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise expressly stated or the context indicates otherwise.

Table of Contents

Part I Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except share data)



	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
ASSETS
Real estate properties:
Land	$	1,673,113		$	1,668,797
Buildings, improvements and equipment	7,964,429			7,758,862
Total real estate properties, gross	9,637,542			9,427,659
Accumulated depreciation	(2,998,741		)	(2,784,478		)
Total real estate properties, net	6,638,801			6,643,181
Cash and cash equivalents	19,849			24,139
Restricted cash	65,644			73,357
Due from related persons	88,164			78,513
Other assets, net	439,095			331,195
Total assets	$	7,251,553		$	7,150,385

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Unsecured revolving credit facility	$	143,000		$	398,000
Unsecured term loan, net	397,143			399,086
Senior unsecured notes, net	3,596,275			3,203,962
Security deposits	133,770			126,078
Accounts payable and other liabilities	178,321			184,788
Due to related persons	10,473			83,049
Total liabilities	4,458,982			4,394,963

Commitments and contingencies

Shareholders’ equity:
Common shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 164,442,379 and 164,349,141 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	1,644			1,643
Additional paid in capital	4,544,449			4,542,307
Cumulative net income	3,684,167			3,310,017
Cumulative other comprehensive income (loss)	(108		)	79,358
Cumulative preferred distributions	(343,412		)	(343,412		)
Cumulative common distributions	(5,094,169		)	(4,834,491		)
Total shareholders’ equity	2,792,571			2,755,422
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	7,251,553		$	7,150,385

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except share data)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenues:
Hotel operating revenues	$	521,250		$	495,550		$	1,496,125		$	1,392,995
Rental income	80,690			80,896			243,701			240,274
FF&E reserve income	1,213			1,142			3,911			3,524
Total revenues	603,153			577,588			1,743,737			1,636,793

Expenses:
Hotel operating expenses	366,994			343,274			1,056,057			965,546
Depreciation and amortization	101,007			98,205			300,308			286,811
General and administrative	13,425			13,404			38,280			76,097
Total expenses	481,426			454,883			1,394,645			1,328,454

Gain on sale of real estate	—			9,348			—			9,348
Dividend income	626			626			1,878			1,878
Unrealized gains on equity securities	43,453			—			89,348			—
Interest income	478			211			1,093			590
Interest expense (including amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discounts and premiums of $2,570, $2,194, $7,607 and $6,541, respectively)	(49,308		)	(46,574		)	(145,589		)	(135,329		)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	—			—			(160		)	—
Income before income taxes and equity in earnings of an investee	116,976			86,316			295,662			184,826
Income tax expense	(707		)	(619		)	(1,949		)	(1,761		)
Equity in earnings of an investee	830			31			881			533
Net income	117,099			85,728			294,594			183,598
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on investment securities	—			7,273			—			19,923
Equity interest in investee’s unrealized gains	173			116			90			295
Other comprehensive income	173			7,389			90			20,218
Comprehensive income	$	117,272		$	93,117		$	294,684		$	203,816

Net income	$	117,099		$	85,728		$	294,594		$	183,598
Preferred distributions	—			—			—			(1,435		)
Excess of liquidation preference over carrying value of preferred shares redeemed	—			—			—			(9,893		)
Net income available for common shareholders	$	117,099		$	85,728		$	294,594		$	172,270

Weighted average common shares outstanding (basic)	164,232			164,149			164,212			164,131
Weighted average common shares outstanding (diluted)	164,274			164,188			164,242			164,168

Net income available for common shareholders per common share (basic and diluted)	$	0.71		$	0.52		$	1.79		$	1.05

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	294,594		$	183,598
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	300,308			286,811
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discounts and premiums as interest	7,607			6,541
Straight line rental income	(9,359		)	(9,208		)
Security deposits received or replenished	7,687			37,239
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	160			—
Unrealized gains on equity securities	(89,348		)	—
Equity in earnings of an investee	(881		)	(533		)
Gain on sale of real estate	—			(9,348		)
Other non-cash (income) expense, net	(2,226		)	(2,523		)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Due from related persons	(585		)	(992		)
Other assets	(8,627		)	(14,710		)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(21,259		)	(21,979		)
Due to related persons	(74,667		)	(12,619		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	403,404			442,277

Cash flows from investing activities:
Real estate acquisitions and deposits	(95,208		)	(594,927		)
Real estate improvements	(111,248		)	(89,955		)
Hotel managers’ purchases with restricted cash	(89,401		)	(64,574		)
Hotel manager's deposit of insurance proceeds into restricted cash	18,000			—
Net proceeds from sale of real estate	—			23,438
Net cash used in investing activities	(277,857		)	(726,018		)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes, after discounts and premiums	389,976			598,246
Redemption of preferred shares	—			(290,000		)
Repurchase of convertible senior notes	—			(8,478		)
Borrowings under unsecured revolving credit facility	395,000			631,000
Repayments of unsecured revolving credit facility	(650,000		)	(364,000		)
Deferred financing costs	(12,242		)	(5,018		)
Repurchase of common shares	(606		)	(533		)
Distributions to preferred shareholders	—			(6,601		)
Distributions to common shareholders	(259,678		)	(254,623		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(137,550		)	299,993
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(12,003		)	16,252
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	97,496			71,352
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	85,493		$	87,604

Supplemental disclosure of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets to the amount shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,849		$	14,489
Restricted cash	65,644			73,115
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	85,493		$	87,604

Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	158,056		$	149,261
Cash paid for income taxes	2,804			2,588

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Hospitality Properties Trust and its subsidiaries, or HPT, we, our or us, are unaudited. Certain information and disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, for complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted. We believe the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. However, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as amended, or our 2017 Annual Report. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair statement of results for the interim period, have been included. These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of HPT and our subsidiaries, all of which are 100% owned directly or indirectly by HPT. All intercompany transactions and balances with or among our consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated. Our operating results for interim periods and those of our managers and tenants are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Reclassifications have been made to the prior years’ condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year’s presentation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates in our condensed consolidated financial statements include the allowance for doubtful accounts, purchase price allocations, useful lives of fixed assets, impairment of real estate and the valuation of intangible assets.

We have determined that each of our wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs, is a variable interest entity, or VIE, as defined under the Consolidation Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification ™. We have concluded that we must consolidate each of our TRSs because we are the entity with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact such VIEs’ performance and we have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from each VIE that could be significant to the VIE and are, therefore, the primary beneficiary of each VIE. The assets of our TRSs were $41,224 and $33,305 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively, and consist primarily of amounts due from and working capital advances to certain of our hotel managers. The liabilities of our TRSs were $148,418 and $140,897 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively, and consist primarily of security deposits they hold and amounts payable to certain of our hotel managers. The assets of our TRSs are available to satisfy our TRSs’ obligations and we have guaranteed certain obligations of our TRSs.

Note 2. New Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2014-09 (and related clarifying guidance issued by the FASB), Revenue From Contracts With Customers , which outlines a comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. ASU No. 2014-09 states that “an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” While ASU No. 2014-09 specifically references contracts with customers, it may apply to certain other transactions such as the sale of real estate or equipment. The majority of our revenue is from hotels managed under TRS structures. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the amount or timing of our revenue recognition for revenues from room, food and beverage, and other hotel level sales of our managed hotels in our condensed consolidated financial statements. A lesser portion of our revenue consists of rental income from leasing arrangements, which are specifically excluded from ASU No. 2014-09. We have adopted ASU No. 2014-09 using the modified retrospective approach.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , which changes how entities measure certain equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities measured under the fair value option that are attributable to their own credit. The implementation of ASU No. 2016-01 resulted in the reclassification of historical changes in the fair value of our available for sale equity securities of $78,715 from cumulative other comprehensive income to cumulative net income. We also reclassified $841 from cumulative other comprehensive income to cumulative net income for our share of cumulative other comprehensive income of our equity method investee. Effective January 1, 2018, changes in the fair value of our equity securities are recorded through earnings in accordance with ASU No. 2016-01.

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HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

On January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash , which requires companies to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The implementation of ASU 2016-18 resulted in an increase of $55,222 of net cash provided by operating activities and an increase of $42,563 of net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 . This update also requires a reconciliation of the totals in the statement of cash flows to the related captions in the balance sheets. Restricted cash consisting of amounts escrowed by our hotel operators pursuant to the terms of our management agreements and leases to fund periodic renovations and improvements at our hotels totaled $65,644 and $73,115 as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. See Notes 3 and 8 for further information regarding our FF&E reserves. The adoption of this update did not change our balance sheet presentation.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases , which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). ASU No. 2016-02 requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right of use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the potential impact the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 will have in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) : Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which requires that entities use a new forward looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for credit losses. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently assessing the potential impact the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 will have in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting , which aligns the measurement and classification guidance for share-based payments to nonemployees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. ASU No. 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently assessing the potential impact the adoption of ASU No. 2018-07 will have in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 3. Revenue Recognition

We report hotel operating revenues for managed hotels in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. We generally recognize hotel operating revenues, consisting primarily of room and food and beverage sales, when goods and services are provided.

We report rental income for leased hotels and travel centers in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. We recognize rental income from operating leases on a straight line basis over the term of the lease agreements. Rental income includes $3,136 and $9,359 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, and $3,087 and $9,208 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively, of adjustments necessary to record scheduled rent increases under certain of our leases, the deferred rent obligations payable to us under our leases with TravelCenters of America LLC, or TA, and the estimated future payments to us under our TA leases for the cost of removing underground storage tanks at our travel centers on a straight line basis. See Notes 8 and 10 for further information regarding our TA leases. Due from related persons includes $63,285 and $54,219 and other assets, net, includes $2,985 and $2,691 of straight line rent receivables at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively.

We determine percentage rent due to us under our leases annually and recognize it when all contingencies have been met and the rent is earned. We had deferred estimated percentage rent of $978 and $2,762 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, and $435 and $1,384 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively.

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HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

We own all the FF&E reserve (as defined in Note 8 ) escrows for our hotels. We report deposits by our third party tenants into the escrow accounts as FF&E reserve income. We do not report the amounts which are escrowed as FF&E reserves for our managed hotels as FF&E reserve income.

Note 4. Weighted Average Common Shares

The following table provides a reconciliation of the weighted average number of common shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share:



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
	(in thousands)
Weighted average common shares for basic earnings per share	164,232	164,149	164,212	164,131
Effect of dilutive securities: Unvested share awards	42	39	30	37
Weighted average common shares for diluted earnings per share	164,274	164,188	164,242	164,168

Note 5. Shareholders' Equity

Share Awards

On April 12, 2018 , in accordance with our Trustee compensation arrangements, and in connection with the election of one of our Managing Trustees, we granted 3,000 of our common shares, valued at $25.07 per common share, the closing price of our common shares on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, on that day, to the Managing Trustee who was elected as a Managing Trustee that day.

On June 14, 2018 , in accordance with our Trustee compensation arrangements, we granted 3,000 of our common shares, valued at $28.44 per common share, the closing price of our common shares on Nasdaq on that day to each of our five Trustees as part of their annual compensation.

On September 13, 2018 , we granted an aggregate of 97,000 of our common shares, valued at $28.97 per common share, the closing price of our common shares on Nasdaq on that day, to our officers and certain other employees of The RMR Group LLC, or RMR LLC, under our equity compensation plan.

Share Purchases

On January 1, 2018 , we purchased an aggregate of 3,394 of our common shares for $29.85 per common share, the closing price of our common shares on Nasdaq on December 29, 2017, from a former officer of RMR LLC in satisfaction of tax withholding and payment obligations in connection with the vesting of awards of our common shares.

On September 24, 2018 , we purchased an aggregate of 17,808 of our common shares for $28.35 per common share, the closing price of our common shares on Nasdaq on that day, from our officers and certain other employees of RMR LLC in satisfaction of tax withholding and payment obligations in connection with the vesting of awards of our common shares.

Distributions

On February 22, 2018 , we paid a regular quarterly distribution to our common shareholders of record on January 29, 2018 of $0.52 per share, or $85,460 . On May 17, 2018 , we paid a regular quarterly distribution to common shareholders of record on April 30, 2018 of $0.53 per share, or $87,105 . On August 16, 2018 , we paid a regular quarterly distribution to common shareholders of record on July 30, 2018 of $0.53 per share, or $87,113 . On October 18, 2018 , we declared a regular quarterly distribution to common shareholders of record on October 29, 2018 of $0.53 per share, or $87,154 . We expect to pay this amount on or about November 15, 2018 .

Cumulative Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Cumulative other comprehensive income (loss), as of September 30, 2018 , represents our share of the comprehensive loss of Affiliates Insurance Company, or AIC. See Note 10 for further information regarding this investment. The following table

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HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

presents changes in the amounts we recognized in cumulative other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 :



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Unrealized Gain		Equity in
	(Loss) on Investment		Unrealized Gain
	Securities, net		(Loss) of Investees			Total
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	—	$	(281	)	$	(281	)
Current period other comprehensive income	—		173			173
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	—	$	(108	)	$	(108	)



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Unrealized Gain			Equity in
	(Loss) on Investment			Unrealized Gain
	Securities, net			(Loss) of Investees			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	78,715		$	643		$	79,358
Amounts reclassified from cumulative other comprehensive income to retained earnings	(78,715		)	(841		)	(79,556		)
Current period other comprehensive income	—			90			90
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	—		$	(108	)	$	(108	)

Note 6. Indebtedness

Our principal debt obligations at September 30, 2018 were: (1) $143,000 of outstanding borrowings under our $1,000,000 unsecured revolving credit facility; (2) our $400,000 unsecured term loan; and (3) $3,650,000 aggregate outstanding principal amount of senior unsecured notes. Our revolving credit facility and our term loan are governed by a credit agreement with a syndicate of institutional lenders.

We have a $1,000,000 revolving credit facility that is available for general business purposes, including acquisitions. Our revolving credit facility provides that we can borrow, repay and reborrow funds available under our revolving credit facility until maturity, and no principal repayment is due until maturity. On May 10, 2018 , we amended and restated the credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility and our term loan. As a result of the amendment, the interest rate payable on borrowings under our revolving credit facility was reduced from a rate of LIBOR plus a premium of 110 basis points per annum to a rate of LIBOR plus a premium of 100 basis points per annum. The facility fee remained unchanged at 20 basis points per annum on the total amount of lending commitments under this facility. The interest rate premium and facility fee are each subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings. Also as a result of the amendment, the stated maturity date of this facility was extended from July 15, 2018 to July 15, 2022 , and, subject to the payment of an extension fee and meeting certain other conditions, we have an option to further extend the maturity date of the facility for two additional six month periods. As a result of this amendment, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt related to the revolving credit facility of $90 during the three months ended June 30, 2018 to write off unamortized debt issuance costs.

As of September 30, 2018 , the annual interest rate payable on borrowings under our revolving credit facility was 3.09% . The weighted average annual interest rate for borrowings under our revolving credit facility was 2.97% and 3.00% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, and 2.33% and 2.17% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively. As of September 30, 2018 , we had $143,000 outstanding and $857,000 available under our revolving credit facility. As of November 5, 2018 , we had $119,000 outstanding and $881,000 available to borrow under our revolving credit facility.

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maturity date of the term loan was extended from April 15, 2019 to July 15, 2023 . Our term loan is prepayable without penalty at any time. As a result of this amendment, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt related to the term loan of $70 during the three months ended June 30, 2018 to write off unamortized debt issuance costs.

As of September 30, 2018 , the annual interest rate for the amount outstanding under our term loan was 3.20% . The weighted average annual interest rate for borrowings under our term loan was 3.19% and 3.02% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, and 2.43% and 2.20% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively.

Our credit agreement also includes a feature under which maximum aggregate borrowings may be increased to up to $2,300,000 on a combined basis in certain circumstances. Our credit agreement and our unsecured senior notes indentures and their supplements provide for acceleration of payment of all amounts outstanding upon the occurrence and continuation of certain events of default, such as, in the case of our credit agreement, a change of control of us, which includes RMR LLC ceasing to act as our business manager. Our credit agreement and our unsecured senior notes indentures and their supplements also contain a number of covenants, including covenants that restrict our ability to incur debts or to make distributions under certain circumstances and generally require us to maintain certain financial ratios. We believe we were in compliance with the terms and conditions of our credit agreement and our unsecured senior notes indentures and their supplements at September 30, 2018 .

On February 2, 2018 , we issued $400,000 principal amount of 4.375% senior notes due 2030 in a public offering. Net proceeds from this offering were $386,400 after discounts and expenses.

Note 7. Real Estate Properties

At September 30, 2018 , we owned 325 hotels and 199 travel centers.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we funded $118,733 for improvements to certain of our properties which, pursuant to the terms of our management and lease agreements with our hotel managers and tenants, resulted in increases in our contractual annual minimum returns and rents of $8,608 . See Notes 8 and 10 for further information about our management and lease agreements and our fundings of improvements to certain of our properties.

Acquisitions

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we acquired two hotels. We accounted for these transactions as acquisitions of assets. Our allocation of the purchase price of each of these acquisitions based on the estimated fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities is presented in the table below.



Acquisition Date	Location	Purchase Price		Land		Land Improvements		Building and Improvements		Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
6/15/2018	Minneapolis, MN ⁽¹⁾	75,572		$	2,196	$	—	$	68,384	$	4,992
6/15/2018	Baton Rouge, LA ⁽²⁾	16,022		2,242		173		12,842		765
		$	91,594	$	4,438	$	173	$	81,226	$	5,757


(1)	On June 15, 2018 , we acquired the 360 room Radisson Blu ^® hotel in Minneapolis, MN for a purchase price of $75,572 , including capitalized acquisition costs of $572 . We added this hotel to our management agreement with Radisson Hospitality, Inc., or Radisson.


(2)	On June 15, 2018 , we acquired the 117 suite Staybridge Suites ^® at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA for a purchase price of $16,022 including capitalized acquisition costs of $272 . We added this hotel to our management agreement with InterContinental Hotels Group, plc, or InterContinental.

See Note 8 for further information regarding our Radisson and InterContinental agreements.

On October 30, 2018 , we acquired a hotel with 164 suites in Scottsdale, AZ for a purchase price of $35,885 , excluding acquisition related costs. In connection with this acquisition, we converted this hotel to the Sonesta Suites ^® brand and added it

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to our management agreement with Sonesta International Hotels Corporation, or Sonesta. See Notes 8 and 10 for further information regarding our Sonesta agreement.

Note 8. Management Agreements and Leases

As of September 30, 2018 , we owned 325 hotels and 199 travel centers, which were included in 13 operating agreements. We do not operate any of our properties.

As of September 30, 2018 , 323 of our hotels were leased to our TRSs and managed by independent hotel operating companies and two hotels were leased to third parties. As of September 30, 2018 , our hotel properties were managed by or leased to separate subsidiaries of Marriott International, Inc., or Marriott, InterContinental, Sonesta, Wyndham Hotels & Resorts, Inc., or Wyndham, Hyatt Hotels Corporation, or Hyatt, and Radisson under eight agreements. These hotel agreements have initial terms expiring between 2019 and 2038. Each of these agreements is for between one and 100 of our hotels. In general, the agreements contain renewal options for all, but not less than all, of the affected properties included in each agreement, and the renewal terms range between 20 to 60 years. Most of these agreements require the third party manager or tenant to: (1) make payments to us of minimum returns or minimum rents; (2) deposit a percentage of total hotel sales into reserves established for the regular refurbishment of our hotels, or FF&E reserves; and (3) for our managed hotels, make payments to our TRSs of additional returns to the extent of available cash flows after payment of operating expenses, funding of the FF&E reserves, payment of our minimum returns, payment of certain management fees and replenishment of security deposits or guarantees. Some of our managers or tenants or their affiliates have provided deposits or guarantees to secure their obligations to pay us.

Marriott No. 1 agreement . Our management agreement with Marriott for 53 hotels, or our Marriott No. 1 agreement, provides that, as of September 30, 2018 , we are to be paid an annual minimum return of $69,409 to the extent that gross revenues of the hotels, after payment of hotel operating expenses and funding of the FF&E reserve, are sufficient to do so. Marriott’s base and incentive management fees are only earned after we receive our minimum returns. We realized minimum returns of $17,335 and $17,247 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and minimum returns of $51,954 and $51,657 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, under this agreement. We also realized additional returns of $2,584 and $5,113 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $3,603 and $6,807 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively, which represent our share of hotel cash flows in excess of the minimum returns due to us for these periods. We do not have any security deposits or guarantees for our minimum returns from the 53 hotels included in our Marriott No. 1 agreement. Accordingly, the minimum returns we receive from these hotels managed by Marriott are limited to the hotels' available cash flows after payment of operating expenses and funding of the FF&E reserve.

We funded $1,769 for capital improvements to certain of the hotels included in our Marriott No. 1 agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . We currently expect to fund approximately $8,200 for capital improvements to certain hotels under our Marriott No. 1 agreement during the last three months of 2018 . As we fund these improvements, the annual minimum returns payable to us increase by 10% of the amounts funded.

Marriott No. 234 agreement. Our management agreement with Marriott for 68 hotels, or our Marriott No. 234 agreement, provides that, as of September 30, 2018 , we are to be paid an annual minimum return of $107,110 . We realized minimum returns of $26,772 and $26,591 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $80,199 and $79,771 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, under this agreement. Pursuant to our Marriott No. 234 agreement, Marriott has provided us with a security deposit to cover minimum return payment shortfalls, if any. Under this agreement, this security deposit may be replenished and increased up to $64,700 from a share of hotel cash flows in excess of the minimum returns due to us. Marriott’s base and incentive management fees are only earned after we receive our minimum returns. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , our available security deposit was replenished by $7,686 from a share of hotel cash flows in excess of the minimum returns due to us during the period. The available balance of this security deposit was $33,657 as of September 30, 2018 . Pursuant to our Marriott No. 234 agreement, Marriott has also provided us with a limited guarantee which expires in 2019 for shortfalls up to 90% of our minimum returns, if and after the available security deposit has been depleted. The available balance of the guarantee was $30,672 as of September 30, 2018 .

We funded $6,355 for capital improvements to certain of the hotels included in our Marriott No. 234 agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . We currently expect to fund approximately $1,200 for capital improvements to certain

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hotels under our Marriott No. 234 agreement during the last three months of 2018 . As we fund these improvements, the annual minimum returns payable to us increase by 9% of the amounts funded.

Marriott No. 5 agreement . We lease one hotel in Kauai, HI to Marriott which requires that, as of September 30, 2018 , we are paid annual minimum rents of $10,321 . This lease is guaranteed by Marriott and we realized $2,580 and $2,540 of rent for this hotel during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $7,740 and $7,620 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The guarantee provided by Marriott with respect to this leased hotel is unlimited. Marriott has four renewal options for 15 years each. On August 31, 2016, Marriott notified us that it will not exercise its renewal option at the expiration of the current lease term ending on December 31, 2019.

InterContinental agreement. Our management agreement with InterContinental for 100 hotels, or our InterContinental agreement, provides that, as of September 30, 2018 , we are to be paid annual minimum returns and rents of $190,521 . We realized minimum returns and rents of $47,630 and $46,404 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $142,316 and $131,649 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, under this agreement. We also realized additional returns under this agreement of $6,653 and $8,264 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $8,373 and $11,836 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, from our share of hotel cash flows in excess of the minimum returns and rents due to us for that period.

Pursuant to our InterContinental agreement, InterContinental has provided us with a security deposit to cover minimum payment shortfalls, if any. Under this agreement, InterContinental is required to maintain a minimum security deposit of $37,000 and this security deposit may be replenished and increased up to $100,000 from a share of future cash flows from the hotels in excess of our minimum returns and rents. The available balance of the InterContinental security deposit remained at the maximum contractual amount of $100,000 as of September 30, 2018 .

We did not fund any capital improvements to our InterContinental hotels during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . We currently expect to fund approximately $44,600 during the last three months of 2018 and approximately $56,200 during 2019 for capital improvements to certain hotels under our InterContinental agreement. As we fund these improvements, the annual minimum returns and rents payable to us increase by 8% of the amounts funded.

Sonesta agreement. As of September 30, 2018 , Sonesta managed 11 of our full service hotels and 39 of our limited service hotels pursuant to management agreements for each of the hotels, which we refer to collectively as our Sonesta agreement, and a pooling agreement, which combines those management agreements for purposes of calculating gross revenues, payment of hotel operating expenses, payment of fees and distributions and minimum returns due to us.

Our Sonesta agreement provides that we are paid a fixed annual minimum return equal to 8% of our invested capital, as defined therein, which was $123,180 as of September 30, 2018 , if gross revenues of the hotels, after payment of hotel operating expenses and management and related fees (other than Sonesta’s incentive fee, if applicable), are sufficient to do so. Our Sonesta agreement further provides that we are paid an additional return based upon operating profits, as defined therein, after payment of Sonesta’s incentive fee, if applicable. We do not have any security deposits or guarantees for our hotels managed by Sonesta. Accordingly, the returns we receive from our hotels managed by Sonesta are limited to the hotels’ available cash flows after payment of operating expenses, including management and related fees. We realized returns of $21,732 and $18,741 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $61,606 and $53,808 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, under our Sonesta agreement.

Pursuant to our Sonesta agreement, we recognized management, reservation and system fees and reimbursement costs for certain guest loyalty, marketing program and third party reservation transmission fees payable to Sonesta of $9,437 and $7,432 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $26,245 and $20,719 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. In addition, we recognized procurement and construction supervision fees payable to Sonesta of $713 and $479 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $1,907 and $673 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, pursuant to our Sonesta agreement. These amounts are included in hotel operating expenses or have been capitalized, as appropriate, in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Our Sonesta agreement does not require FF&E escrow deposits, but does require us to fund capital expenditures that we approve at our hotels managed by Sonesta. We funded $64,032 and $21,892 for renovations and other capital improvements to certain hotels included in our Sonesta agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , and 2017 , respectively, which resulted in increases in our contractual annual minimum returns of $3,948 and $742 , respectively. We currently expect to

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fund approximately $26,900 during the last three months of 2018 and approximately $79,100 during 2019 for renovations and other capital improvements to certain of our hotels managed by Sonesta. The annual minimum returns due to us under the Sonesta agreement increase by 8% of the capital expenditure amounts we fund in excess of threshold amounts, as defined therein. We owed Sonesta $6,735 and $5,685 for capital expenditure and other reimbursements at September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Amounts due from Sonesta are included in due from related persons and amounts owed to Sonesta are included in due to related persons in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

See Notes 7 and 10 for further information regarding our transactions and relationship with Sonesta.

Morgans agreement. Prior to May 8, 2018 , we leased The Clift Hotel in San Francisco, CA to Morgans Hotel Group, or Morgans. This lease was scheduled to expire in 2103 and required annual rent to us of $7,595 . During the period of January 1, 2018 through May 8, 2018, all contractual rent due to us under the Morgans lease was paid to us. On May 8, 2018 , pursuant to a settlement agreement with Morgans and SBE Entertainment Group, LLC, our Morgans lease was terminated and Morgans surrendered possession of the hotel to us. We rebranded this hotel to the Royal Sonesta ^® brand and added it to our management agreement with Sonesta. The terms of the management agreement are consistent with the terms of our other management agreements with Sonesta for full service hotels.

Wyndham agreements . Our management agreement with Wyndham for 22 hotels, or our Wyndham agreement, provides that, as of September 30, 2018 , we are to be paid annual minimum returns of $27,677 . Pursuant to our Wyndham agreement, Wyndham has provided us with a guarantee, which was limited to $35,656 , subject to an annual payment limit of $17,828 , and expires on July 28, 2020. This guarantee was depleted during 2017 and remained depleted as of September 30, 2018 . This guaranty may be replenished from a share of future cash flows from these hotels in excess of our minimum returns. The Wyndham agreement provides that if the hotel cash flows available after payment of hotel operating expenses are less than the minimum returns due to us and if the guaranty is depleted, to avoid a default Wyndham is required to pay us the greater of the available hotel cash flows after payment of hotel operating expenses and 85% of the contractual amount due to us. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we realized returns of $5,869 and $17,588 , respectively, which represents 85% of the minimum returns due for the period, under this agreement. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , we realized returns of $6,847 and $20,489 , respectively, under this agreement.

Our Wyndham agreement requires FF&E escrow deposits equal to 5% of total hotel sales for all hotels included in the agreement subject to available cash flows after payment of our minimum return. No FF&E escrow deposits were made during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 .

We funded $1,449 for capital improvements to certain of the hotels included in our Wyndham agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . We currently expect to fund approximately $6,600 for capital improvements to certain hotels under our Wyndham agreement during the last three months of 2018 . As we fund these improvements, the annual minimum returns payable to us increase by 8% of the amounts funded.

We also lease 48 vacation units in one of our hotels to a subsidiary of Wyndham Destinations, Inc. (NYSE: WYND), or Destinations, which requires that, as of September 30, 2018 , we are paid annual minimum rents of $1,449 . The guaranty provided by Destinations with respect to the Destinations lease for part of one hotel is unlimited. We recognized the contractual rents of $454 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and $1,361 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 under our Destinations lease agreement. Our lease with Destinations for 48 vacation units is subject to termination in the event of a manager default under our Wyndham agreement. Rental income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 for this lease includes $91 and $102 , respectively, and $273 and $306 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, of adjustments necessary to record rent on a straight line basis.

Hyatt agreement. Our management agreement with Hyatt for 22 hotels, or our Hyatt agreement, provides that, as of September 30, 2018 , we are to be paid an annual minimum return of $22,037 . We realized minimum returns of $5,509 during each of the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and minimum returns of $16,528 during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 under this agreement. Pursuant to our Hyatt agreement, Hyatt has provided us with a guarantee, which is limited to $50,000 . During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the available guarantee was replenished by $2,415 from a share of hotel cash flows in excess of the minimum returns due to us. The available balance of the guarantee was $23,521 as of September 30, 2018 .

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Radisson agreement. Our management agreement with Radisson for nine hotels, or our Radisson agreement, provides that, as of September 30, 2018 , we are to be paid an annual minimum return of $18,920 . We realized minimum returns of $4,730 and $3,230 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $11,453 and $9,690 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, under this agreement. In connection with our acquisition of the Radisson Blu ^® hotel described in Note 7, the available balance of the guaranty under our Radisson agreement was increased by $6,000 and the guaranty cap was increased to $46,000 . During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , our available guarantee was replenished by $4,199 from a share of hotel cash flows in excess of the minimum returns due to us. The available balance of the guarantee was $43,563 as of September 30, 2018 .

We did not fund any capital improvement costs at hotels included in our Radisson agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . We currently expect to fund approximately $2,800 during the last three months of 2018 and approximately $32,200 during 2019 for capital improvements to certain hotels under our Radisson agreement. Our annual minimum returns, the available balance of the guaranty and the limited guaranty cap under our Radisson agreement will increase by 8% of any amounts we fund.

TA leases. As of September 30, 2018 , we leased to TA a total of 199 travel centers under five leases.

We recognized rental income from TA of $74,797 and $73,279 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $223,458 and $217,420 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Rental income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 includes $3,037 and $2,988 , respectively, and $9,066 and $8,907 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, of adjustments to record the deferred rent obligations under our TA leases and the estimated future payments to us by TA for the cost of removing underground storage tanks on a straight line basis. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , we had receivables for current rent amounts owed to us by TA and straight line rent adjustments of $88,164 and $78,513 , respectively. These amounts are included in due from related persons in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Our TA leases do not require FF&E escrow deposits. However, TA is required to maintain the leased travel centers, including structural and non-structural components.

Under our TA leases, TA may request that we fund capital improvements in return for increases in TA’s annual minimum rent equal to 8.5% of the amounts funded. We funded $44,653 and $62,888 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, of capital improvements to our TA leases. As a result, TA’s annual minimum rent payable to us increased by $3,795 and $5,345 , respectively. We currently expect to fund approximately $13,600 for renovations and other capital improvements to our travel centers during the last three months of 2018 . TA is not obligated to request and we are not obligated to fund any such improvements.

In addition to the rental income that we recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 as described above, our TA leases require TA to pay us percentage rent based upon increases in certain sales. We determine percentage rent due under our TA leases annually and recognize any resulting amount as rental income when all contingencies are met. We had aggregate deferred percentage rent under our TA leases of $934 and $435 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $2,630 and $1,384 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.

See Note 10 for further information regarding our relationship with TA.

Guarantees and security deposits generally. When we reduce the amounts of the security deposits we hold for payment deficiencies at our managed and leased hotels, we record income equal to the amounts by which this deposit is reduced up to the minimum return or minimum rent due to us. However, reducing the security deposits does not result in additional cash flows to us of the deficiency amounts, but reducing amounts of security deposits may reduce the refunds due to the respective tenants or managers who have provided us with these deposits upon expiration of the respective lease or management agreement. The security deposits are non-interest bearing and are not held in escrow. Under these agreements, any amount of the security deposits which are applied to payment deficits may be replenished from a share of future cash flows from the applicable hotel operations pursuant to the terms of the respective agreements.

Certain of our managed hotel portfolios had net operating results that were, in the aggregate, $9,216 and $5,699 less than the minimum returns due to us for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $31,030 and $18,971 less than the minimum returns due to us for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. When

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managers of these hotels are required to fund the shortfalls under the terms of our management agreements or their guarantees, we reflect such fundings (including security deposit applications) in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income as a reduction of hotel operating expenses. The reduction to hotel operating expenses was $299 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $2,377 and $2,689 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. There was no reduction to hotel operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017 . We had shortfalls at certain of our managed hotel portfolios not funded by the managers of these hotels under the terms of our management agreements of $9,818 and $28,653 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, which represent the unguaranteed portions of our minimum returns from our Sonesta and Wyndham agreements. We had shortfalls at certain of our managed hotel portfolios not funded by the managers of these hotels under the terms of our management agreements of $5,699 and $16,282 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , which represents the unguaranteed portion of our minimum returns from our Sonesta agreement.

Certain of our managed hotel portfolios had net operating results that were, in the aggregate, $21,321 and $31,355 more than the minimum returns due to us for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $47,901 and $67,052 more than the minimum returns due to us for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Certain of our guarantees and our security deposits may be replenished by a share of future cash flows from the applicable hotel operations in excess of the minimum returns due to us pursuant to the terms of the respective agreements. When our guarantees and our security deposits are replenished by cash flows from hotel operations, we reflect such replenishments in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income as an increase to hotel operating expenses. We had $5,204 and $10,099 of guarantee and security deposit replenishments for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $14,299 and $26,319 of guarantee and security deposit replenishments for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.

Note 9. Business and Property Management Agreements with RMR LLC

We have no employees. The personnel and various services we require to operate our business are provided to us by RMR LLC. We have two agreements with RMR LLC to provide management services to us: (1) a business management agreement, which relates to our business generally, and (2) a property management agreement, which relates to our property level operations of the office building component of one of our hotels.

Pursuant to our business management agreement with RMR LLC, we recognized net business management fees of $10,430 and $10,865 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $30,048 and $68,526 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Based on our common share total return, as defined in our business management agreement, as of September 30, 2018 , no 2018 incentive fees are included in the net business management fees we recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 . The actual amount of annual incentive fees for 2018 , if any, will be based on our common share total return, as defined in our business management agreement, for the three year period ending December 31, 2018 , and will be payable in 2019 . The net business management fees we recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 included $873 and $38,243 , respectively, of then estimated 2017 incentive fees; in January 2018 , we paid RMR LLC an incentive fee of $74,573 for 2017 . These amounts are included in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Pursuant to our property management agreement with RMR LLC, we recognized property management fees of $18 and $12 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $43 and $33 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. These fees are payable in connection with the management of the office building component of one of our hotels. These amounts are included in hotel operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

We are generally responsible for all of our operating expenses, including certain expenses incurred by RMR LLC on our behalf. We reimbursed RMR LLC $56 and $40 for property management related expenses related to the office building component of one of our hotels for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $167 and $131 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, which amounts are included in hotel operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. In addition, we are responsible for our share of RMR LLC’s costs for providing our internal audit function. The amounts recognized as expense for internal audit costs were $49 and $67 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $173 and $202 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. These amounts are included in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for these periods.

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Note 10. Related Person Transactions

We have relationships and historical and continuing transactions with TA, Sonesta, RMR LLC, The RMR Group Inc., or RMR Inc., AIC and others related to them, including other companies to which RMR LLC or its subsidiaries provide management services and which have trustees, directors and officers who are also our Trustees or officers. Mr. Mark L. Kleifges, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, has announced his retirement from his positions with us effective December 31, 2018.

TA . TA is our largest tenant and property operator, leasing 34% of our gross carrying value of real estate properties as of September 30, 2018 . We lease all of our travel centers to TA under the TA leases. We are also TA’s largest shareholder; as of September 30, 2018 , we owned 3,420,000 common shares of TA, representing approximately 8.6% of TA’s outstanding common shares. RMR LLC provides management services to both us and TA, and Adam D. Portnoy, one of our Managing Trustees, also serves as a managing director of TA. As of October 10, 2018, RMR LLC owned approximately 3.8% of TA's outstanding common shares. See Note 8 for further information regarding our relationships, agreements and transactions with TA and Note 13 for further information regarding our investment in TA.

Sonesta. Sonesta is a private company owned in part by Adam D. Portnoy, one of our Managing Trustees. As of September 30, 2018 , Sonesta managed 50 of our hotels pursuant to management and pooling agreements. See Note 8 for further information regarding our relationships, agreements and transactions with Sonesta.

Our Manager, RMR LLC. We have two agreements with RMR LLC to provide management services to us. See Note 9 for further information regarding our management agreements with RMR LLC.

We have historically granted share awards to our officers and other RMR LLC employees under our equity compensation plans. In September 2018 and 2017 , we granted annual awards of 97,000 and 85,000 of our common shares, respectively, to our officers and other employees of RMR LLC. In September 2018 and 2017 , we purchased 17,808 and 18,559 of our common shares, respectively, valued at the closing price of our common shares on Nasdaq on the applicable date of purchase in satisfaction of tax withholding and payment obligations in connection with the vesting of awards of our common shares to certain of our officers and other employees of RMR LLC. We include the amounts recognized as expense for share awards to our officers and other RMR LLC employees in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

RMR Inc. RMR LLC is a majority owned subsidiary of RMR Inc. and RMR Inc. is the managing member of RMR LLC. Adam D. Portnoy, one of our Managing Trustees, is the sole trustee, an officer and the controlling shareholder of ABP Trust, which is the controlling shareholder of RMR Inc., and a managing director, president and chief executive officer of RMR Inc. and an officer of RMR LLC. John G. Murray, our other Managing Trustee and our President and Chief Executive Officer, also serves as an executive officer of RMR LLC. Other officers of RMR LLC also serve as our officers. As of September 30, 2018 , we owned 2,503,777 shares of class A common stock of RMR Inc. See Note 13 for further information regarding our investment in RMR Inc.

AIC . We, ABP Trust, TA and four other companies to which RMR LLC provides management services currently own AIC in equal amounts. We and the other AIC shareholders participate in a combined property insurance program arranged and reinsured in part by AIC. We paid aggregate annual premiums, including taxes and fees, of approximately $5,738 in connection with the renewal of this insurance program for the policy year ending June 30, 2019, which amount may be adjusted from time to time as we acquire and dispose of properties that are included in this insurance program.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , our investment in AIC had a carrying value of $9,163 and $8,192 , respectively. These amounts are included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We recognized income related to our investment in AIC, which is presented as equity in earnings of an investee in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Our other comprehensive income includes our proportionate part of unrealized gains and (losses) on securities that are owned by AIC related to our investment in AIC.

For further information about these and certain other such relationships and certain other related person transactions, refer to our 2017 Annual Report.

Note 11. Income Taxes

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HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the IRC, and, as such, are generally not subject to federal and most state income taxation on our operating income provided we distribute our taxable income to our shareholders and meet certain organization and operating requirements. We are subject to income tax in Canada, Puerto Rico and certain states despite our qualification for taxation as a REIT. Further, we lease our managed hotels to our wholly owned TRSs that, unlike most of our subsidiaries, file a separate consolidated tax return and are subject to federal, state and foreign income taxes. Our consolidated income tax provision includes the income tax provision related to the operations of our TRSs and certain state and foreign income taxes incurred by us despite our qualification for taxation as a REIT.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we recognized income tax expense of $707 and $1,949 , respectively, which includes $291 and $631 , respectively, of foreign taxes and $416 and $1,318 , respectively, of state taxes. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , we recognized income tax expense (benefit) of $619 and $1,761 , respectively, which includes $125 and $486 , respectively, of foreign taxes, ($6) and $30 , respectively, of federal taxes and $500 and $1,245 , respectively, of state taxes.

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HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Note 12. Segment Information

We aggregate our hotels and travel centers into two reportable segments, hotel investments and travel center investments, based on their similar operating and economic characteristics.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Hotels		Travel Centers		Corporate			Consolidated
Revenues:
Hotel operating revenues	$	521,250	$	—	$	—		$	521,250
Rental income	5,893		74,797		—			80,690
FF&E reserve income	1,213		—		—			1,213
Total revenues	528,356		74,797		—			603,153

Expenses:
Hotel operating expenses	366,994		—		—			366,994
Depreciation and amortization	64,415		36,592		—			101,007
General and administrative	—		—		13,425			13,425
Total expenses	431,409		36,592		13,425			481,426

Dividend income	—		—		626			626
Unrealized gains on equity securities	—		—		43,453			43,453
Interest income	—		—		478			478
Interest expense	—		—		(49,308		)	(49,308		)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of an investee	96,947		38,205		(18,176		)	116,976
Income tax expense	—		—		(707		)	(707		)
Equity in earnings of an investee	—		—		830			830
Net income (loss)	$	96,947	$	38,205	$	(18,053	)	$	117,099

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Hotels		Travel Centers		Corporate			Consolidated
Revenues:
Hotel operating revenues	$	1,496,125	$	—	$	—		$	1,496,125
Rental income	20,243		223,458		—			243,701
FF&E reserve income	3,911		—		—			3,911
Total revenues	1,520,279		223,458		—			1,743,737

Expenses:
Hotel operating expenses	1,056,057		—		—			1,056,057
Depreciation and amortization	189,814		110,494		—			300,308
General and administrative	—		—		38,280			38,280
Total expenses	1,245,871		110,494		38,280			1,394,645

Dividend income	—		—		1,878			1,878
Unrealized gains on equity securities	—		—		89,348			89,348
Interest income	—		—		1,093			1,093
Interest expense	—		—		(145,589		)	(145,589		)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	—		—		(160		)	(160		)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of an investee	274,408		112,964		(91,710		)	295,662
Income tax expense	—		—		(1,949		)	(1,949		)
Equity in earnings of an investee	—		—		881			881
Net income (loss)	$	274,408	$	112,964	$	(92,778	)	$	294,594

	As of September 30, 2018
	Hotels		Travel Centers		Corporate			Consolidated
Total assets	$	4,538,553	$	2,419,794	$	293,206		$	7,251,553

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HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)



	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Hotels		Travel Centers		Corporate			Consolidated
Revenues:
Hotel operating revenues	$	495,550	$	—	$	—		$	495,550
Rental income	7,617		73,279		—			80,896
FF&E reserve income	1,142		—		—			1,142
Total revenues	504,309		73,279		—			577,588

Expenses:
Hotel operating expenses	343,274		—		—			343,274
Depreciation and amortization	61,996		36,209		—			98,205
General and administrative	—		—		13,404			13,404
Total expenses	405,270		36,209		13,404			454,883

Gain on sale of real estate	9,348		—		—			9,348
Dividend income	—		—		626			626
Interest income	—		—		211			211
Interest expense	—		—		(46,574		)	(46,574		)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of an investee	108,387		37,070		(59,141		)	86,316
Income tax expense	—		—		(619		)	(619		)
Equity in earnings of an investee	—		—		31			31
Net income (loss)	$	108,387	$	37,070	$	(59,729	)	$	85,728

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Hotels		Travel Centers		Corporate			Consolidated
Revenues:
Hotel operating revenues	$	1,392,995	$	—	$	—		$	1,392,995
Rental income	22,854		217,420		—			240,274
FF&E reserve income	3,524		—		—			3,524
Total revenues	1,419,373		217,420		—			1,636,793

Expenses:
Hotel operating expenses	965,546		—		—			965,546
Depreciation and amortization	179,503		107,308		—			286,811
General and administrative	—		—		76,097			76,097
Total expenses	1,145,049		107,308		76,097			1,328,454

Gain on sale of real estate	9,348		—		—			9,348
Dividend income	—		—		1,878			1,878
Interest income	—		—		590			590
Interest expense	—		—		(135,329		)	(135,329		)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of an investee	283,672		110,112		(208,958		)	184,826
Income tax expense	—		—		(1,761		)	(1,761		)
Equity in earnings of an investee	—		—		533			533
Net income (loss)	$	283,672	$	110,112	$	(210,186	)	$	183,598

	As of December 31, 2017
	Hotels		Travel Centers		Corporate			Consolidated
Total assets	$	4,477,512	$	2,476,073	$	196,800		$	7,150,385

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HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Note 13. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The table below presents certain of our assets carried at fair value at September 30, 2018 , categorized by the level of inputs, as defined in the fair value hierarchy under GAAP, used in the valuation of each asset.



			Fair Value at September 30, 2018 Using
			Quoted Prices in
			Active Markets for		Significant Other		Significant
	Carrying Value at		Identical Assets		Observable Inputs		Unobservable Inputs
Description	September 30, 2018		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Recurring Fair Value Measurement Assets:
Investment in TA ⁽¹⁾	$	19,494	$	19,494	$	—	$	—
Investment in RMR Inc. ⁽²⁾	$	232,351	$	232,351	$	—	$	—

(1)

Our 3,420,000 common shares of TA, which are included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, are reported at fair value which is based on quoted market prices (Level 1 inputs). Our historical cost basis for these shares is $17,407 as of September 30, 2018 . During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we recorded unrealized gains of $7,524 and $5,472 , respectively, to adjust the carrying value of our investment in TA shares to their fair value as of September 30, 2018 .

(2)

Our 2,503,777 shares of class A common stock of RMR Inc., which are included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, are reported at fair value which is based on quoted market prices (Level 1 inputs). Our historical cost basis for these shares is $66,374 as of September 30, 2018 . During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we recorded unrealized gains of $35,929 and $83,876 , respectively, to adjust the carrying value of our investment in RMR Inc. shares to their fair value as of September 30, 2018 .

In addition to the investment securities included in the table above, our financial instruments include our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, rents receivable, revolving credit facility, term loan, senior notes and security deposits. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the fair values of these additional financial instruments approximated their carrying values in our condensed consolidated balance sheets due to their short term nature or variable interest rates, except as follows:



	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value ⁽¹⁾		Value		Value ⁽¹⁾		Value
Senior Unsecured Notes, due 2021 at 4.25%	$	396,578	$	402,810	$	395,497	$	413,676
Senior Unsecured Notes, due 2022 at 5.00%	495,307		512,548		494,398		533,908
Senior Unsecured Notes, due 2023 at 4.50%	499,227		502,033		499,104		523,275
Senior Unsecured Notes, due 2024 at 4.65%	347,788		348,565		347,484		368,804
Senior Unsecured Notes, due 2025 at 4.50%	345,571		341,129		345,055		363,589
Senior Unsecured Notes, due 2026 at 5.25%	341,673		353,250		340,826		377,431
Senior Unsecured Notes, due 2027 at 4.95%	393,704		392,696		393,137		422,914
Senior Unsecured Notes, due 2028 at 3.95%	389,322		362,642		388,461		390,930
Senior Unsecured Notes, due 2030 at 4.375%	387,105		367,644		—		—
Total financial liabilities	$	3,596,275	$	3,583,317	$	3,203,962	$	3,394,527


(1)	Carrying value includes unamortized discounts and premiums and issuance costs.

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , we estimated the fair values of our senior notes using an average of the bid and ask price of our then outstanding issuances of senior notes (Level 2 inputs).

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our 2017 Annual Report.

Overview (dollar amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

We are a REIT organized under the laws of the State of Maryland.

Management agreements and leases . At September 30, 2018 , we owned 325 hotels operated under eight agreements; 323 of these hotels are leased by us to our wholly owned TRSs and managed by hotel operating companies and two are leased to hotel operating companies. At September 30, 2018 , our 199 owned travel centers were leased to TA under five agreements. Our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income include operating revenues and expenses of our managed hotels and rental income from our leased hotels and travel centers.

Many of our operating agreements contain security features, such as guarantees and security deposits, which are intended to protect minimum returns and rents due to us in accordance with our agreements regardless of property performance. However, the effectiveness of various security features to provide us uninterrupted receipt of minimum returns and rents is not assured, especially if economic conditions generally decline for a prolonged period. Also, certain of the guarantees that we hold are limited in amount and duration and do not provide for payment of the entire amount of the applicable minimum returns. If our tenants, managers or guarantors do not earn or pay the minimum returns and rents due to us, our cash flows will decline and we may be unable to repay our debt, fund our debt service obligations, pay distributions to our shareholders or the amounts of our distributions may decline.

Hotel operations . During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the U.S. hotel industry generally realized increases in average daily rate, or ADR, and revenue per available room, or RevPAR, and declines in occupancy compared to the same period in 2017 . During the three months ended September 30, 2018 , our 307 comparable hotels that we owned continuously since July 1, 2017 produced an aggregate year over year increase in ADR below the industry generally and larger declines in occupancy and RevPAR than the industry generally. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , our 303 comparable hotels that we owned continuously since January 1, 2017 produced aggregate year over year increases in ADR and RevPAR below the industry generally and a larger decline in occupancy than the industry generally. We believe these results are, in part, due to the disruption and displacement at certain of our hotels undergoing renovations, increased competition from new hotel room supply in certain markets and decreased business activity in areas where some of our hotels are located.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 for our 307 comparable hotels that we have owned continuously since July 1, 2017 : ADR increased 1.8% to $130.79 ; occupancy decreased 1.8 percentage points to 77.8% ; and RevPAR decreased 0.5% to $101.75 .

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 for all our 325 hotels: ADR increased 1.5% to $130.42 ; occupancy decreased 2.5 percentage points to 76.9% ; and RevPAR decreased 1.7% to $100.29 .

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 for our 303 comparable hotels that we have owned continuously since January 1, 2017 : ADR increased 2.0% to $129.52 ; occupancy decreased 0.7 percentage points to 76.5% ; and RevPAR increased 1.0% to $99.08 .

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 for all our 325 hotels: ADR increased 1.9% to $130.49 ; occupancy decreased 1.8 percentage points to 75.1% ; and RevPAR decreased 0.5% to $98.00 .

Additional details of our hotel operating agreements and agreements with TA are set forth in Notes 8 and 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the table and notes thereto on pages 32 through 34 below.

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Results of Operations (dollar amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
							Increase			% Increase
	2018			2017			(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Revenues:
Hotel operating revenues	$	521,250		$	495,550		$	25,700		5.2	%
Rental income - hotels	5,893			7,617			(1,724		)	(22.6	)%
Rental income - travel centers	74,797			73,279			1,518			2.1	%
Total rental income	80,690			80,896			(206		)	(0.3	)%
FF&E reserve income	1,213			1,142			71			6.2	%

Expenses:
Hotel operating expenses	366,994			343,274			23,720			6.9	%
Depreciation and amortization - hotels	64,415			61,996			2,419			3.9	%
Depreciation and amortization - travel centers	36,592			36,209			383			1.1	%
Total depreciation and amortization	101,007			98,205			2,802			2.9	%
General and administrative	13,425			13,404			21			0.2	%

Gain on sale of real estate	—			9,348			(9,348		)	(100.0	)%
Dividend income	626			626			—			—
Unrealized gains on equity securities	43,453			—			43,453			n/m
Interest income	478			211			267			126.5	%
Interest expense	(49,308		)	(46,574		)	(2,734		)	5.9	%
Income before income taxes and equity earnings of an investee	116,976			86,316			30,660			35.5	%
Income tax expense	(707		)	(619		)	(88		)	14.2	%
Equity in earnings of an investee	830			31			799			2,577.4	%
Net income available for common shareholders	$	117,099		$	85,728		$	31,371		36.6	%

Weighted average shares outstanding (basic)	164,232			164,149			83			n/m
Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted)	164,274			164,188			86			n/m

Net income available for common shareholders per common share (basic and diluted)	$	0.71		$	0.52		$	0.19		36.4	%

References to changes in the income and expense categories below relate to the comparison of consolidated results for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017 .

Hotel operating revenues. The increase in hotel operating revenues is a result of our hotel acquisitions since July 1, 2017 ($19,930), increased revenues at certain of our managed hotels due to increases in ADR and higher occupancies ($17,116) and the conversion of one hotel from a leased to managed property during the 2018 period ($10,079), partially offset by decreased revenues at certain of our managed hotels primarily as a result of lower occupancies ($14,290), decreased revenues at certain of our managed hotels undergoing renovations during all or part of the 2018 period resulting primarily from lower occupancies ($5,091) and decreased revenues as a result of our hotel dispositions since July 1, 2017 ($2,044). Additional operating statistics of our hotels are included in the table on page 35 .

Rental income - hotels. The decrease in rental income - hotels is primarily the result of the conversion of one hotel from a leased to managed property during the 2018 period ($1,899), partially offset by contractual rent increases under certain of our hotel leases and increases in the minimum rents due to us as we funded improvements at certain of our leased hotels since July 1, 2017 ($175). Rental income - hotels for the 2018 and 2017 periods includes $100 and $99, respectively, of adjustments to record rent on a straight line basis.

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centers for the 2018 and 2017 periods includes $3,037 and $2,988 , respectively, of adjustments necessary to record scheduled rent increases under our TA leases, the deferred rent obligations payable to us under our TA leases and the estimated future payments to us under our TA leases for the cost of removing underground storage tanks on a straight line basis.

FF&E reserve income. FF&E reserve income represents amounts paid by certain of our hotel tenants into restricted accounts owned by us to accumulate funds for future capital expenditures. The terms of our hotel leases require these amounts to be calculated as a percentage of total sales at our hotels. We do not report the amounts, if any, which are escrowed as FF&E reserves for our managed hotels as FF&E reserve income. The increase in FF&E reserve income is the result of increased sales at certain of our leased hotels in the 2018 period.

Hotel operating expenses. The increase in hotel operating expenses is a result of our hotel acquisitions since July 1, 2017 ($16,840), the conversion of one hotel from a leased to managed property during the 2018 period ($9,251) and an increase in wage and benefit costs, sales and marketing expenses and other operating costs at certain of our managed hotels resulting primarily from higher occupancies and general price increases ($6,502), partially offset by a decrease in the amount of guaranty and security deposit replenishment under certain of our hotel management agreements ($4,895), our hotel dispositions since July 1, 2017 ($1,916), operating expense decreases at certain managed hotels undergoing renovations during all or part of the 2018 period resulting primarily from lower occupancies ($1,763) and an increase in the amount of guaranty and security deposit utilization under certain of our hotel management agreements ($299). Certain guarantees and security deposits which have been applied to past payment deficits may be replenished from a share of subsequent cash flows from the applicable hotel operations pursuant to the terms of the respective management agreements. When our guarantees and our security deposits are replenished by cash flows from hotel operations, we reflect such replenishments in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income as an increase to hotel operating expenses. Hotel operating expenses were increased by $5,204 and $10,099 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, as a result of such replenishments. When our guarantees and security deposits are utilized to cover shortfalls of hotels' cash flows from the minimum payments due to us, we reflect such utilizations in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income as a decrease to hotel operating expenses. Hotel operating expenses were decreased by $299 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 as a result of such utilization. There was no such utilization or reduction to hotel operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017 .

Depreciation and amortization - hotels. The increase in depreciation and amortization - hotels is a result of the depreciation and amortization of improvements acquired with funds from our FF&E reserves or directly funded by us since July 1, 2017 ($4,083) and our hotel acquisitions since July 1, 2017 ($2,696), partially offset by certain of our depreciable assets becoming fully depreciated since July 1, 2017 ($4,360).

Depreciation and amortization - travel centers. The increase in depreciation and amortization - travel centers is a result of the depreciation and amortization of travel center improvements we purchased since July 1, 2017 ($1,609), partially offset by certain of our depreciable assets becoming fully depreciated since July 1, 2017 ($1,226).

General and administrative. The increase in general and administrative costs is primarily due to an increase in professional service expenses, partially offset by a decrease in business management fees primarily as a result of no estimated incentive fees being accrued for the 2018 period.

Gain on sale of real estate. We recorded a $9,348 gain on sale of real estate in the 2017 period in connection with the sale of three hotels.

Dividend income. Dividend income represents the dividends we received from our investment in RMR Inc.

Unrealized gains on equity securities. Unrealized gains on equity securities represent the adjustment required to adjust the carrying value of our investments in RMR Inc. and TA common shares to their fair value as of September 30, 2018 in accordance with new GAAP standards effective January 1, 2018.

Interest income. The increase in interest income is due to higher average cash balances and interest rates during the 2018 period.

Interest expense. The increase in interest expense is due to higher average outstanding borrowings, partially offset by a lower weighted average interest rate in the 2018 period.

Income tax expense. We recognized higher income taxes during the 2018 period primarily due to an increase in the amount of foreign sourced income subject to income taxes.

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Equity in earnings of an investee. Equity in earnings of an investee represents our proportionate share of the earnings of AIC.

Net income available for common shareholders. Our net income available for common shareholders and net income available for common shareholders per common share (basic and diluted) each increased in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period primarily due to the revenue and expense changes discussed above.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
							Increase			% Increase
	2018			2017			(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Revenues:
Hotel operating revenues	$	1,496,125		$	1,392,995		$	103,130		7.4	%
Rental income - hotels	20,243			22,854			(2,611		)	(11.4	)%
Rental income - travel centers	223,458			217,420			6,038			2.8	%
Total rental income	243,701			240,274			3,427			1.4	%
FF&E reserve income	3,911			3,524			387			11.0	%

Expenses:
Hotel operating expenses	1,056,057			965,546			90,511			9.4	%
Depreciation and amortization - hotels	189,814			179,503			10,311			5.7	%
Depreciation and amortization - travel centers	110,494			107,308			3,186			3.0	%
Total depreciation and amortization	300,308			286,811			13,497			4.7	%
General and administrative	38,280			76,097			(37,817		)	(49.7	)%

Gain on sale of real estate	—			9,348			(9,348		)	(100.0	)%
Dividend income	1,878			1,878			—			—
Unrealized gains on equity securities	89,348			—			89,348			n/m
Interest income	1,093			590			503			85.3	%
Interest expense	(145,589		)	(135,329		)	(10,260		)	7.6	%
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	(160		)	—			(160		)	n/m
Income before income taxes and equity earnings of an investee	295,662			184,826			110,836			60.0	%
Income tax expense	(1,949		)	(1,761		)	(188		)	10.7	%
Equity in earnings of an investee	881			533			348			65.3	%
Net income	294,594			183,598			110,996			60.5	%
Preferred distributions	—			(1,435		)	1,435			(100.0	)%
Excess of liquidation preference over carrying value of preferred shares redeemed	—			(9,893		)	9,893			(100.0	)%
Net income available for common shareholders	$	294,594		$	172,270		$	122,324		71.0	%

Weighted average shares outstanding (basic)	164,212			164,131			81			n/m
Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted)	164,242			164,168			74			n/m

Net income available for common shareholders per common share (basic and diluted)	$	1.79		$	1.05		$	0.74		70.5	%

References to changes in the income and expense categories below relate to the comparison of consolidated results for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 .

Hotel operating revenues. The increase in hotel operating revenues is a result of our hotel acquisitions since January 1, 2017 ($78,603), increased revenues at certain of our managed hotels due to increases in ADR and higher occupancies ($47,769) and the conversion of one hotel from a leased to managed property during the 2018 period ($14,993), partially offset by decreased revenues at certain of our managed hotels primarily as a result of lower occupancies ($21,614), decreased revenues as a result of our hotel dispositions since January 1, 2017 ($8,799) and decreased revenues at certain of our managed hotels undergoing renovations during all or part of the 2018 period resulting primarily from lower occupancies ($7,822). Additional operating statistics of our hotels are included in the table on page 35 .

Rental income - hotels. The decrease in rental income - hotels is primarily a result of the conversion of one hotel from a leased to managed property during the 2018 period ($3,022), partially offset by contractual rent increases under certain of our hotel leases and increases in the minimum rents due to us as we funded improvements at certain of our leased hotels since

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January 1, 2017 ($411). Rental income - hotels for the 2018 and 2017 periods includes $293 and $301, respectively, of adjustments to record rent on a straight line basis.

Rental income - travel centers. The increase in rental income - travel centers is a result of increases in the minimum rents due to us for improvements we purchased at certain of our travel centers since January 1, 2017 ($5,246) and our travel center acquisitions since January 1, 2017 ($792). Rental income - travel centers for the 2018 and 2017 periods includes $9,066 and $8,907, respectively, of adjustments necessary to record scheduled rent increases under our TA leases, the deferred rent obligations payable to us under our TA leases and the estimated future payments to us under our TA leases for the cost of removing underground storage tanks on a straight line basis.

FF&E reserve income. The increase in FF&E reserve income is the result of increased sales at certain of our leased hotels in the 2018 period.

Hotel operating expenses. The increase in hotel operating expenses is a result of our hotel acquisitions since January 1, 2017 ($67,696), an increase in wage and benefit costs, sales and marketing expenses and other operating costs at certain of our managed hotels resulting primarily from higher occupancies and general price increases ($28,871), the conversion of one hotel from a leased to managed property during the 2018 period ($14,612) and the decrease in the amount of guaranty and security deposit utilization under certain of our hotel management agreements ($312), partially offset by a decrease in the amount of guaranty and security deposit replenishment under certain of our hotel management agreements ($12,020), our hotel dispositions since January 1, 2017 ($7,761) and operating expense decreases at certain managed hotels undergoing renovations during all or part of the 2018 period resulting primarily from lower occupancies ($1,199). Hotel operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were increased by $14,299 and $26,319, respectively, as a result of replenishment of security deposits and guarantees under certain of our hotel management agreements and were decreased by $2,377 and $2,689, respectively, as a result of utilizing our guarantees and our security deposits to cover shortfalls of hotels' cash flows from the minimum payments due to us.

Depreciation and amortization - hotels. The increase in depreciation and amortization - hotels is a result of the depreciation and amortization of improvements acquired with funds from our FF&E reserves or directly funded by us since January 1, 2017 ($12,880) and our hotel acquisitions since January 1, 2017 ($9,433), partially offset by certain of our depreciable assets becoming fully depreciated since January 1, 2017 ($12,002).

Depreciation and amortization - travel centers. The increase in depreciation and amortization - travel centers is a result of the depreciation and amortization of travel center improvements we purchased since January 1, 2017 ($4,905) and our travel center acquisitions since January 1, 2017 ($332), partially offset by certain of our depreciable assets becoming fully depreciated since January 1, 2017 ($2,051).

General and administrative. The decrease in general and administrative costs is primarily due to a decrease in business management fees as a result of no estimated incentive fees being accrued for the 2018 period.

Gain on sale of real estate. We recorded a $9,348 gain on sale of real estate in the 2017 period in connection with the sale of three hotels.

Dividend income. Dividend income represents the dividends we received from our investment in RMR Inc.

Interest income. The increase in interest income is due to higher average cash balances and interest rates during the 2018 period.

Interest expense. The increase in interest expense is due to higher average outstanding borrowings, partially offset by a lower weighted average interest rate in the 2018 period.

Loss on early extinguishment of debt . We recorded a loss of $160 on early extinguishment of debt in the 2018 period in connection with the amendment of our revolving credit facility and term loan.

Income tax expense. We recognized higher foreign taxes during the 2018 period primarily due to an increase in the amount of foreign sourced income subject to income taxes.

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Equity in earnings of an investee. Equity in earnings of an investee represents our proportionate share of the earnings of AIC.

Preferred distributions. The decrease in preferred distributions is the result of the redemption of all of our outstanding 7.125% Series D cumulative redeemable preferred shares in February 2017.

Excess of liquidation preference over carrying value of preferred shares redeemed . The excess of liquidation preference over carrying value of preferred shares redeemed is the amount by which the liquidation preference for our 7.125% Series D cumulative redeemable preferred shares that were redeemed during the 2017 period exceeded our carrying amount for those preferred shares as of the date of redemption.

Net income and net income available for common shareholders. Our net income, net income available for common shareholders and net income available for common shareholders per common share (basic and diluted) each increased in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period primarily due to the revenue and expense changes discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources (dollar amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

Our Managers and Tenants

As of September 30, 2018 , 324 of our hotels (including one leased hotel) were included in seven combination portfolio agreements and one of our hotels was leased and not included in a portfolio; and all 325 hotels were managed by or leased to hotel operating companies. Our 199 travel centers are leased under five portfolio agreements. All costs of operating and maintaining our properties are paid by the hotel managers as agents for us or by our tenants for their own account. Our hotel managers and tenants derive their funding for property operating expenses and for returns and rents due to us generally from property operating revenues and, to the extent that these parties themselves fund our minimum returns and rents, from their separate resources. Our hotel managers and tenants include Marriott, InterContinental, Sonesta, Wyndham, Hyatt and Radisson. Our travel centers are leased to TA.

We define coverage for each of our hotel management agreements or leases as total property level revenues minus all property level expenses and FF&E reserve escrows which are not subordinated to the minimum returns or rents due to us divided by the minimum returns or rents due to us. More detail regarding coverage, guarantees and other features of our hotel operating agreements is presented in the tables and related notes on pages 32 through 34 . For the twelve months ended September 30, 2018 , two of our eight hotel operating agreements, representing 18% of our total annual minimum returns and minimum rents, generated coverage of less than 1.0x (0.67x and 0.75x, respectively).

We define coverage for our travel center leases as property level revenues minus all property level expenses divided by the minimum rents due to us. For the twelve months ended September 30, 2018 , the operating results from our 199 properties in our five travel center leases generated combined coverage of 1.60x . Because a large percentage of TA’s business is conducted at properties leased from us, property level rent coverage may not be an appropriate way to evaluate TA’s ability to pay rents due to us. We believe property level rent coverage is nonetheless one useful indicator of the performance and value of our properties as we believe it is what an operator interested to acquire these properties or the leaseholds might use to evaluate the contribution of these properties to their earnings before corporate level expenses.

Three hundred ninety-nine ( 399 ) of our properties, representing 74% of our aggregate annual minimum returns and rents as of September 30, 2018 , are operated under 10 management arrangements or leases which are subject to full or limited guarantees or are secured by a security deposit which we control. These guarantees may provide us with continued payments if the property level cash flows fail to equal or exceed guaranteed amounts due to us. Some of our managers and tenants, or their affiliates, may also supplement cash flows from our properties in order to make payments to us and preserve their rights to continue operating our properties even if they are not required to do so by guarantees or security deposits. Guarantee payments, security deposit applications or supplemental payments to us, if any, made under any of our management agreements or leases do not subject us to repayment obligations, but, under some of our agreements, the manager or tenant may recover these guarantee or supplemental payments and the security deposits may be replenished from subsequent cash flows from our properties after our future minimum returns and rents are paid.

When cash flows from our hotels under certain of our agreements are less than the minimum returns or rents contractually due to us, we have utilized the applicable security features in our agreements to cover some of these shortfalls. However, several of the guarantees and all the security deposits we hold are for limited amounts, are for limited durations and may be exhausted or expire, especially if our hotel renovation and rebranding activities do not result in improved operating results at these hotels. Accordingly, the effectiveness of our various security features to provide uninterrupted payments to us is not assured. If any of our hotel managers, tenants or guarantors default in their payment obligations to us, our cash flows will

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decline and we may become unable to continue to pay distributions to our shareholders or the amount of the distributions may decline. In particular, Wyndham's guarantee of the minimum returns due from our hotels which are managed by Wyndham was depleted during 2017 and remained depleted as of September 30, 2018 . The Wyndham agreement provides that if the hotel cash flows available after payment of hotel operating expenses are less than the minimum returns due to us and the guaranty has been depleted, to avoid default Wyndham is required to pay us the greater of the available hotel cash flows after payment of hotel operating expenses and 85% of the contractual amount due. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , Wyndham paid 85% of the minimum returns due under the management agreement, which payments were an aggregate of $1,035 and $3,100 , respectively, less than the minimum returns due for that period. We can provide no assurance as to whether Wyndham will continue to pay at least the greater of available hotel cash flows after payment of hotel operating expenses and 85% of the minimum returns due to us or if Wyndham will default on its payments.

Our Operating Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of funds to meet operating and capital expenses, pay debt service obligations and make distributions to our shareholders are minimum returns from our managed hotels, minimum rents from our leased hotels and travel centers and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We receive minimum returns and rents from our managers and tenants monthly. We may receive additional returns, percentage rents and our share of the operating profits of our managed hotels after payment of management fees and other deductions, if any, either monthly or quarterly, and these amounts are usually subject to annual reconciliations. We believe that these sources of funds will be sufficient to meet our operating and capital expenses, pay debt service obligations and make distributions to our shareholders for the next twelve months and for the foreseeable future thereafter. However, as a result of economic conditions or otherwise, our managers and tenants may become unable or unwilling to pay minimum returns and rents to us when due, and, as a result, our cash flows and net income would decline and we may need to reduce the amount of, or even eliminate, our distributions to common shareholders.

Changes in our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 were as follows: (1) cash flows provided by operating activities decreased from $442,277 in 2017 to $403,404 in 2018 ; (2) cash used in investing activities decreased from $726,018 in 2017 to $277,857 in 2018 ; and (3) cash flows from financing activities changed from $299,993 of cash provided by financing activities in 2017 to $137,550 of cash used in financing activities in 2018 .

The decrease in cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the prior year period is primarily due to an increase in incentive business management fees paid to RMR LLC in the 2018 period with respect to 2017 and higher interest payments in the 2018 period, partially offset by an increase in the minimum returns and rents paid to us in the 2018 period due to our acquisitions and funding of improvements to our hotels and travel centers since January 1, 2017. The decrease in cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the prior year period is primarily due to our lower real estate acquisition activity in the 2018 period, partially offset by an increase in our capital improvement fundings in the 2018 period. The change from cash flows provided by financing activities in the 2017 period to cash used in financing activities in the 2018 period is primarily due to our lower net borrowings in the 2018 period under our revolving credit facility, partially offset by the redemption of our 7.125% Series D cumulative redeemable preferred shares in the 2017 period and lower proceeds from the issuance of notes in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period.

We maintain our qualification for taxation as a REIT under the IRC by meeting certain requirements. As a REIT, we do not expect to pay federal income taxes on the majority of our income; however, the income realized by our TRSs in excess of the rent they pay to us is subject to U.S. federal income tax at corporate tax rates. In addition, the income we receive from our hotels in Canada and Puerto Rico is subject to taxes in those jurisdictions and we are subject to taxes in certain states where we have properties despite our qualification for taxation as a REIT.

Our Investment and Financing Liquidity and Capital Resources

Various percentages of total sales at some of our hotels are escrowed as FF&E reserves to fund future capital improvements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , our hotel managers and tenants deposited $73,564 , including $18,000 of insurance proceeds, to these accounts and spent $89,401 from the FF&E reserve escrow accounts to renovate and refurbish our hotels. As of September 30, 2018 , there was $65,644 on deposit in these escrow accounts, which was held directly by us and is reflected in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as restricted cash.

Our hotel operating agreements generally provide that, if necessary, we may provide our managers and tenants with funding for capital improvements to our hotels in excess of amounts otherwise available in escrowed FF&E reserves or when no FF&E reserves are available. To the extent we make such additional fundings, our annual minimum returns or rents generally increase by a percentage of the amount we fund. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we funded $73,605 for capital improvements in excess of FF&E reserve fundings available from hotel operations to our hotels as follows:

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•

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we funded $1,769 for capital improvements to certain hotels under our Marriott No. 1 agreement using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We currently expect to fund approximately $8,200 for capital improvements under this agreement during the last three months of 2018 using cash on hand or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. As we fund these improvements, the contractual minimum returns payable to us increase.

•

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we funded $6,355 for capital improvements to certain hotels under our Marriott No. 234 agreement using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We currently expect to fund approximately $1,200 for capital improvements under this agreement during the last three months of 2018 using cash on hand or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. As we fund these improvements, the contractual minimum returns payable to us increase.

•

We did not fund any capital improvements to hotels under our InterContinental agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . We currently expect to fund approximately $44,600 during the last three months of 2018 and approximately $56,200 during 2019 for capital improvements under this agreement using cash on hand or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. As we fund these improvements, the contractual minimum returns payable to us increase.

•

Our Sonesta agreement does not require FF&E escrow deposits. Under our Sonesta agreement, we are required to fund capital expenditures that we approve at our hotels. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we funded $64,032 for capital improvements to hotels included in our Sonesta agreement using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We currently expect to fund approximately $26,900 during the last three months of 2018 and approximately $79,100 during 2019 for capital improvements under this agreement using cash on hand or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. These investments primarily relate to planned renovations to the 15 hotels we acquired in 2017 and one hotel converted from leased to managed and added to the portfolio in 2018 and converted to Sonesta brands. As we fund these improvements, the contractual minimum returns payable to us increase to the extent amounts funded exceed threshold amounts, as defined in our Sonesta agreement.

•

Our Wyndham agreement requires FF&E escrow deposits only if there are excess cash flows after payment of our minimum returns. No FF&E escrow deposits were required during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , we funded $1,449 for capital improvements to hotels included in our Wyndham agreement using cash on hand or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We currently expect to fund approximately $6,600 for capital improvements under this agreement during the last three months of 2018 using cash on hand or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. As we fund these improvements, the contractual minimum returns payable to us increase.

•

Pursuant to an agreement we entered into with Radisson in June 2017, we have agreed to fund up to $35,000 for renovation costs at certain hotels under our Radisson agreement. We did not fund any renovation costs to hotels under our Radisson agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . We currently expect to fund approximately $2,800 during the last three months of 2018 and approximately $32,200 during 2019 for these renovations using cash on hand or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. As we fund these renovations, the contractual minimum returns payable to us will increase.

Our travel center leases with TA do not require FF&E escrow deposits. However, TA is required to maintain the leased travel centers, including structural and non-structural components. Under all of our TA leases, TA may request that we purchase qualifying capital improvements to the leased facilities in return for minimum rent increases. We funded $44,653 for purchases of capital improvements under these lease provisions during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . We currently expect to fund approximately $13,600 for the purchase of capital improvements under these agreements during the last three months of 2018 using cash on hand or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. TA is not obligated to request and we are not obligated to purchase any such improvements.

On February 2, 2018 , we issued $400,000 principal amount of 4.375% senior notes due 2030 in an underwritten public offering. Net proceeds from this offering were $386,400 after discounts and expenses and were used to repay amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility and for general business purposes.

On February 22, 2018 , we paid a regular quarterly distribution to our common shareholders of record on January 29, 2018 of $0.52 per share, or $85,460 . On May 17, 2018 , we paid a regular quarterly distribution to common shareholders of record on April 30, 2018 of $0.53 per share, or $87,105 . On August 16, 2018 , we paid a regular quarterly distribution to common shareholders of record on July 30, 2018 of $0.53 per share, or $87,113 . We funded these distributions using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. On October 18, 2018 , we declared a regular quarterly distribution to common

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shareholders of record on October 29, 2018 of $0.53 per share, or $87,154 . We expect to pay this amount on or about November 15, 2018 using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

On June 15, 2018 , we acquired the 360 room Radisson Blu ^® hotel in Minneapolis, MN for a purchase price of $75,000 , excluding capitalized acquisition costs of $572 , using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

Also on June 15, 2018 , we acquired the 117 suite Staybridge Suites ^® hotel at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA for a purchase price of $15,750 , excluding capitalized acquisition costs of $272 , using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

On October 30, 2018 , we acquired a hotel with 164 suites in Scottsdale, AZ for a purchase price of $35,885 , excluding acquisition related costs, using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

In order to fund acquisitions and to meet cash needs that may result from our desire or need to make distributions or pay operating or capital expenses, we maintain a $1,000,000 revolving credit facility and $400,000 term loan. Our revolving credit facility and our term loan are governed by a credit agreement with a syndicate of institutional lenders. On May 10, 2018 , we amended and restated our credit agreement. As a result of the amendment, the interest rate payable on borrowings under our revolving credit facility was reduced from a rate of LIBOR plus a premium of 110 basis points per annum to a rate of LIBOR plus a premium of 100 basis points per annum, and the facility fee remained unchanged at 20 basis points per annum on the total amount of lending commitments under this facility. The interest rate premium and the facility fee are subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings. Also as a result of the amendment, the stated maturity date of this facility was extended from July 15, 2018 to July 15, 2022 , and, subject to the payment of an extension fee and meeting certain other conditions, we have an option to further extend the maturity date of this facility for two additional six month periods. We can borrow, repay and reborrow funds available under our revolving credit facility until maturity, and no principal repayment is due until maturity. As of September 30, 2018 , the annual interest rate payable on borrowings under our revolving credit facility was 3.09% . As of September 30, 2018 and November 5, 2018 , we had $143,000 and $119,000 , respectively, outstanding and $857,000 and $881,000 , respectively, available to borrow under our revolving credit facility.

As a result of the amendment to our credit agreement, the interest rate payable on borrowings under our term loan was reduced from a rate of LIBOR plus a premium of 120 basis points per annum to a rate of LIBOR plus a premium of 110 basis points per annum, subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings. Also as a result of the amendment, the stated maturity date of the term loan was extended from April 15, 2019 to July 15, 2023 . Our term loan is prepayable without penalty at any time. As of September 30, 2018 , the annual interest rate for the amount outstanding under our term loan was 3.20% .

Our credit agreement also includes a feature under which the maximum borrowing availability may be increased to up to $2,300,000 on a combined basis in certain circumstances.

Our term debt maturities (other than our revolving credit facility and term loan) as of September 30, 2018 were as follows: $400,000 in 2021 , $500,000 in 2022 , $500,000 in 2023 , $350,000 in 2024 , $350,000 in 2025 , $350,000 in 2026 , $400,000 in 2027 , $400,000 in 2028 and $400,000 in 2030 .

None of our unsecured debt obligations require principal or sinking fund payments prior to their maturity dates.

We currently expect to use cash on hand, the cash flows from our operations, borrowings under our revolving credit facility, net proceeds from any property sales and net proceeds of offerings of equity or debt securities to fund our future debt maturities, operations, capital expenditures, distributions to our shareholders, property acquisitions and other general business purposes.

When significant amounts are outstanding for an extended period of time under our revolving credit facility, or the maturities of our indebtedness approach, we currently expect to explore refinancing alternatives. Such alternatives may include incurring additional debt, issuing new equity securities and the sale of properties. We have an effective shelf registration statement that allows us to issue public securities on an expedited basis, but it does not assure that there will be buyers for such securities. We may also seek to participate in joint ventures or other arrangements that may provide us additional sources of financing. Although we have not historically done so, we may also assume mortgage debt on properties we may acquire or obtain mortgage financing on our existing properties.

While we believe we will have access to various types of financings, including debt or equity, to fund our future acquisitions and to pay our debts and other obligations, we cannot be sure that we will be able to complete any debt or equity offerings or other types of financings or that our cost of any future public or private financings will not increase.

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Our ability to complete, and the costs associated with, future debt transactions depends primarily upon credit market conditions and our then creditworthiness. We have no control over market conditions. Our credit ratings depend upon evaluations by credit rating agencies of our business practices and plans, including our ability to maintain our earnings, to stagger our debt maturities and to balance our use of debt and equity capital so that our financial performance and leverage ratios afford us flexibility to withstand any reasonably anticipated adverse changes. Similarly, our ability to raise equity capital in the future will depend primarily upon equity capital market conditions and our ability to conduct our business to maintain and grow our operating cash flows. We intend to conduct our business activities in a manner which will afford us reasonable access to capital for investment and financing activities, but we cannot be sure that we will be able to successfully carry out that intention.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2018 , we had no off balance sheet arrangements that have had or that we expect would be reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Debt Covenants

Our debt obligations at September 30, 2018 consisted of outstanding borrowings under our $1,000,000 revolving credit facility, our $400,000 term loan and $3,650,000 of publicly issued term debt. Our publicly issued term debt is governed by our indentures and related supplements. These indentures and related supplements and our credit agreement contain a number of covenants which generally restrict our ability to incur debts, including debts secured by mortgages on our properties, in excess of calculated amounts, and require us to maintain various financial ratios and our credit agreement restricts our ability to make distributions under certain circumstances. Our credit agreement and our unsecured senior notes indentures and their supplements provide for acceleration of payment of all amounts outstanding upon the occurrence and continuation of certain events of default, such as, in the case of our credit agreement, a change of control of us, which includes RMR LLC ceasing to act as our business manager. As of September 30, 2018 , we believe we were in compliance with all of the covenants under our indentures and their supplements and our credit agreement.

Neither our indentures and their supplements nor our credit agreement contain provisions for acceleration which could be triggered by a change in our debt ratings. However, under our credit agreement, our highest senior debt rating is used to determine the fees and interest rates we pay. Accordingly, if that debt rating is downgraded, our interest expense and related costs under our revolving credit facility and term loan would increase.

Our public debt indentures and their supplements contain cross default provisions to any other debt of $20,000 or more ($50,000 or more in the case of our indenture entered into in February 2016 and its supplements). Similarly, our credit agreement has cross default provisions to other indebtedness that is recourse of $25,000 or more and indebtedness that is non-recourse of $75,000 or more.

Management Agreements, Leases and Operating Statistics (dollar amounts in thousands)

As of September 30, 2018 , 324 of our hotels (including one leased hotel) were included in seven portfolio agreements and one hotel was not included in a portfolio and was leased. As of September 30, 2018 , our hotels were managed by or leased to separate affiliates of Marriott, InterContinental, Sonesta, Wyndham, Hyatt and Radisson under eight agreements. Our 199 travel centers are leased to and operated by TA under five portfolio agreements.

The table and related notes below through page 35 summarize significant terms of our leases and management agreements as of September 30, 2018 . These tables also include statistics reported to us or derived from information reported to us by our managers and tenants. These statistics include coverage of our minimum returns or minimum rents and occupancy, ADR and RevPAR for our hotel properties. We consider these statistics and the management agreement or lease security features also presented in the tables and related notes on the following pages to be important measures of our managers’ and tenants’ success in operating our properties and their ability to continue to pay us. However, this third party reported information is not a direct measure of our financial performance and we have not independently verified the operating data.

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		Number of					Rent / Return Coverage ⁽³⁾
		Rooms or					Three Months		Twelve Months
		Suites (Hotels) /			Annual		Ended		Ended
Operating Agreement	Number of	Land Acreage			Minimum		September 30,		September 30,
Reference Name	Properties	(Travel Centers)	Investment ⁽¹⁾		Return/Rent ⁽²⁾		2018	2017	2018	2017
Marriott (No. 1) ⁽⁴⁾	53	7,609	$	699,026	$	69,409	1.38x	1.50x	1.20x	1.26x
Marriott (No. 234) ⁽⁵⁾	68	9,120	1,009,719		107,110		1.14x	1.22x	1.10x	1.12x
Marriott (No. 5) ⁽⁶⁾	1	356	90,078		10,321		1.04x	1.05x	1.07x	0.84x
Subtotal / Average Marriott	122	17,085	1,798,823		186,840		1.22x	1.31x	1.13x	1.16x
InterContinental ⁽⁷⁾	100	16,354	2,055,918		190,521		1.20x	1.25x	1.12x	1.14x
Sonesta ⁽⁸⁾	50	8,698	1,641,511		123,180		0.69x	0.83x	0.67x	0.76x
Wyndham ⁽⁹⁾	22	3,579	395,250		29,126		0.99x	1.15x	0.75x	0.83x
Hyatt ⁽¹⁰⁾	22	2,724	301,942		22,037		0.95x	1.17x	1.08x	1.14x
Radisson ⁽¹¹⁾	9	1,939	270,101		18,920		1.24x	1.43x	1.02x	1.10x
Subtotal / Average Hotels	325	50,379	6,463,545		570,624		1.08x	1.18x	1.00x	1.05x
TA (No. 1) ⁽¹²⁾	40	825	684,905		53,431		1.71x	1.82x	1.62x	1.58x
TA (No. 2) ⁽¹³⁾	40	957	692,384		54,645		1.74x	1.70x	1.62x	1.50x
TA (No. 3) ⁽¹⁴⁾	39	909	643,630		54,653		1.72x	1.77x	1.57x	1.50x
TA (No. 4) ⁽¹⁵⁾	40	1,091	627,433		55,186		1.54x	1.61x	1.48x	1.41x
TA (No. 5) ⁽¹⁶⁾	40	1,148	894,709		70,294		1.70x	1.75x	1.67x	1.56x
Subtotal / Average TA	199	4,930	3,543,061		288,209		1.68x	1.73x	1.60x	1.51x
Total / Average	524	50,379 / 4,930	$	10,006,606	$	858,833	1.28x	1.36x	1.20x	1.20x


(1)	Represents the historical cost of our properties plus capital improvements funded by us less impairment writedowns, if any, and excludes capital improvements made from FF&E reserves funded from hotel operations which do not result in increases in minimum returns or rents.

(2)

Each of our management agreements or leases provides for payment to us of an annual minimum return or rent, respectively. Certain of these minimum payment amounts are secured by full or limited guarantees or security deposits as more fully described below. In addition, certain of our hotel management agreements provide for payment to us of additional amounts to the extent of available cash flows as defined in the management agreement. Payments of these additional amounts are not guaranteed or secured by deposits. Annualized minimum rent amounts represent cash rent amounts due to us and exclude adjustments necessary to record rent on a straight line basis.

(3)

We define coverage as combined total property level revenues minus all property level expenses and FF&E reserve escrows which are not subordinated to minimum returns or rents due to us (which data is provided to us by our managers or tenants), divided by the minimum returns or rents due to us. Coverage amounts for our InterContinental, Sonesta and Radisson agreements and our TA No. 4 lease include data for periods prior to our ownership of certain properties. Coverage amounts for our Sonesta agreement include data for one hotel prior to when it was managed by Sonesta. Coverage amounts for our Radisson agreement exclude data for periods prior to our sale of certain hotels.


(4)	We lease 53 Courtyard by Marriott ^® branded hotels in 24 states to one of our TRSs. The hotels are managed by a subsidiary of Marriott under a combination management agreement which expires in 2024; Marriott has two renewal options for 12 years each for all, but not less than all, of the hotels.

We have no security deposit or guaranty from Marriott for these 53 hotels. Accordingly, payment by Marriott of the minimum return due to us under this management agreement is limited to the hotels' available cash flows after payment of operating expenses and funding of the FF&E reserve. In addition to our minimum return, this agreement provides for payment to us of 50% of the hotels' available cash flows after payment of hotel operating expenses, funding of the required FF&E reserve, payment of our minimum return and payment of certain management fees.

(5)

We lease 68 of our Marriott ^® branded hotels (one full service Marriott ^® , 35 Residence Inn by Marriott ^® , 18 Courtyard by Marriott ^® , 12 TownePlace Suites by Marriott ^® and two SpringHill Suites by Marriott ^® hotels) in 22 states to one of our TRSs. The hotels are managed by subsidiaries of Marriott under a combination management agreement which expires in 2025; Marriott has two renewal options for 10 years each for all, but not less than all, of the hotels.

We originally held a security deposit of $64,700 under this agreement to cover payment shortfalls of our minimum return. As of September 30, 2018 , the available balance of this security deposit was $33,657 . This security deposit may be replenished from a share of the hotels' available cash flows in excess of our minimum return and certain management fees. Marriott has also provided us with a $40,000 limited guaranty to cover payment shortfalls up to 90% of our minimum return after the available security deposit balance has been depleted, which expires in 2019. As of September 30, 2018 , the available Marriott guaranty was $30,672 .

In addition to our minimum return, this agreement provides for payment to us of 62.5% of the hotels' available cash flows after payment of hotel operating expenses, funding of the required FF&E reserve, payment of our minimum return, payment of certain management fees and replenishment of the security deposit. This additional return amount is not guaranteed or secured by the security deposit.

(6)

We lease one Marriott ^® branded hotel in Kauai, HI to a subsidiary of Marriott under a lease that expires in 2019. Marriott has four renewal options for 15 years each. On August 31, 2016, Marriott notified us that it will not exercise its renewal option at the expiration of the current lease term ending on December 31, 2019. This lease is guaranteed by Marriott and provides for increases in the annual minimum rent payable to us based on changes in the consumer price index.

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(7)

We lease 99 InterContinental branded hotels (20 Staybridge Suites ^® , 61 Candlewood Suites ^® , two InterContinental ^® , 10 Crowne Plaza ^® , three Holiday Inn ^® and three Kimpton ^® Hotels & Restaurants) in 29 states in the U.S. and Ontario, Canada to one of our TRSs. These 99 hotels are managed by subsidiaries of InterContinental under a combination management agreement. We lease one additional InterContinental ^® branded hotel in Puerto Rico to a subsidiary of InterContinental. The annual minimum return amount presented in the table on page 32 includes $7,912 of minimum rent related to the leased Puerto Rico hotel. The management agreement and the lease expire in 2036; InterContinental has two renewal options for 15 years each for all, but not less than all, of the hotels.

As of September 30, 2018 , we held a security deposit of $100,000 under this agreement to cover payment shortfalls of our minimum return. This security deposit, if utilized, may be replenished and increased up to $100,000 from the hotels' available cash flows in excess of our minimum return and certain management fees. Under this agreement, InterContinental is required to maintain a minimum security deposit of $37,000 .

In addition to our minimum return, this management agreement provides for an annual additional return payment to us of $12,067 from the hotels' available cash flows after payment of hotel operating expenses, funding of the required FF&E reserve, if any, payment of our minimum return, payment of certain management fees and replenishment and expansion of the security deposit. In addition, the agreement provides for payment to us of 50% of the hotels' available cash flows after payment to us of the annual additional return amount. These additional return amounts are not guaranteed or secured by the security deposit we hold.


(8)	We lease our 50 Sonesta branded hotels (six Royal Sonesta ^® Hotels, five Sonesta Hotels & Resorts ^® and 39 Sonesta ES Suites ^® hotels) in 26 states to one of our TRSs. The hotels are managed by Sonesta under a combination management agreement which expires in 2037; Sonesta has two renewal options for 15 years each for all, but not less than all, of the hotels.

We have no security deposit or guaranty from Sonesta. Accordingly, payment by Sonesta of the minimum return due to us under this management agreement is limited to the hotels' available cash flows after the payment of operating expenses, including certain management fees, and we are financially responsible for operating cash flows deficits, if any.

In addition to our minimum return, this management agreement provides for payment to us of 80% of the hotels' available cash flows after payment of hotel operating expenses, management fees to Sonesta, our minimum return, an imputed FF&E reserve to us and reimbursement of operating loss or working capital advances, if any.


(9)	We lease our 22 Wyndham branded hotels (six Wyndham Hotels and Resorts ^® and 16 Hawthorn Suites ^® hotels) in 14 states to one of our TRSs. The hotels are managed by a subsidiary of Wyndham under a combination management agreement which expires in 2038; Wyndham has two renewal options for 15 years each for all, but not less than all, of the hotels.

We have a limited guaranty of $35,656 under the management agreement to cover payment shortfalls of our minimum return, subject to an annual payment limit of $17,828 . This guaranty expires in 2020. As of September 30, 2018 , the Wyndham guaranty was depleted. This guaranty may be replenished from the hotels' available cash flows in excess of our minimum return. This agreement provides that if the hotel cash flows available after payment of hotel operating expenses are less than the minimum returns due to us and if the guaranty is depleted, to avoid a default Wyndham is required to pay us the greater of the available hotels' cash flows after payment of hotel operating expenses and 85% of our minimum return.

In addition to our minimum return, this management agreement provides for payment to us of 50% of the hotels' available cash flows after payment of hotel operating expenses, payment of our minimum return, funding of the FF&E reserve, if any, payment of certain management fees and reimbursement of any Wyndham guaranty advances. This additional return amount is not guaranteed.

We also lease 48 vacation units in one of the hotels to Destinations under a lease that expires in 2037; Destinations has two renewal options for 15 years each for all, but not less than all, of the vacation units. The lease is guaranteed by Destinations and provides for rent increases of 3% per annum. The annual minimum return amount presented in the table on page 32 includes $1,449 of minimum rent related to the Destinations lease.


(10)	We lease our 22 Hyatt Place ^® branded hotels in 14 states to one of our TRSs. The hotels are managed by a subsidiary of Hyatt under a combination management agreement that expires in 2030; Hyatt has two renewal options for 15 years each for all, but not less than all, of the hotels.

We have a limited guaranty of $50,000 under this agreement to cover payment shortfalls of our minimum return. As of September 30, 2018 , the available Hyatt guaranty was $23,521 . The guaranty is limited in amount but does not expire in time and may be replenished from a share of the hotels' available cash flows in excess of our minimum return.

In addition to our minimum return, this management agreement provides for payment to us of 50% of the hotels' available cash flows after payment of operating expenses, funding the required FF&E reserve, payment of our minimum return and reimbursement to Hyatt of working capital and guaranty advances, if any. This additional return is not guaranteed.


(11)	We lease our nine Radisson branded hotels (four Radisson ^® Hotels & Resorts, four Country Inns & Suites ^® by Radisson and one Radisson Blu ^® hotel) in six states to one of our TRSs and these hotels are managed by a subsidiary of Radisson under a combination management agreement which expires in 2035 and Radisson has two 15 year renewal options for all, but not less than all, of the hotels.

We have a limited guaranty of $46,000 under this agreement to cover payment shortfalls of our minimum return. As of September 30, 2018 , the available Radisson guaranty was $43,563 . The guaranty is limited in amount but does not expire in time and may be replenished from a share of the hotels' available cash flows in excess of our minimum return. Also, this guaranty cap may be increased if we fund excess renovation costs under our agreement with Radisson.

In addition to our minimum return, this management agreement provides for payment to us of 50% of the hotels' available cash flows after payment of operating expenses, funding the required FF&E reserve, payment of our minimum return and reimbursement to Radisson of working capital and guaranty advances, if any. This additional return is not guaranteed.

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(12)

We lease 40 travel centers (36 TravelCenters of America ^® branded travel centers and four Petro Stopping Centers ^® branded travel centers) in 29 states to a subsidiary of TA under a lease that expires in 2029; TA has two renewal options for 15 years each for all, but not less than all, of these travel centers. In addition to the payment of our minimum rent, this lease provides for payment to us of percentage rent based on increases in total non-fuel revenues over base year levels ( 3% of non-fuel revenues above 2015 non-fuel revenues). TA’s previously deferred rent of $27,421 is due at the expiration of the initial term of this lease. This lease is guaranteed by TA.

(13)

We lease 40 travel centers (38 TravelCenters of America ^® branded travel centers and two Petro Stopping Centers ^® branded travel centers) in 27 states to a subsidiary of TA under a lease that expires in 2028; TA has two renewal options for 15 years each for all, but not less than all, of these travel centers. In addition to the payment of our minimum rent, this lease provides for payment to us of percentage rent based on increases in total non-fuel revenues over base year levels ( 3% of non-fuel revenues above 2015 non-fuel revenues). TA’s previously deferred rent of $29,107 is due at the expiration of the initial term of this lease. This lease is guaranteed by TA.

(14)

We lease 39 travel centers (38 TravelCenters of America ^® branded travel centers and one Petro Stopping Centers ^® branded travel center) in 29 states to a subsidiary of TA under a lease that expires in 2026; TA has two renewal options for 15 years each for all, but not less than all, of these travel centers. In addition to the payment of our minimum rent, this lease provides for payment to us of percentage rent based on increases in total non-fuel revenues over base year levels ( 3% of non-fuel revenues above 2015 non-fuel revenues). TA’s previously deferred rent of $29,324 is due at the expiration of the initial term of this lease. This lease is guaranteed by TA.

(15)

We lease 40 travel centers (37 TravelCenters of America ^® branded travel centers and three Petro Stopping Centers ^® branded travel centers) in 28 states to a subsidiary of TA under a lease that expires in 2030; TA has two renewal options for 15 years each for all, but not less than all, of these travel centers. In addition to the payment of our minimum rent, this lease provides for payment to us of percentage rent based on increases in total non-fuel revenues over base year levels ( 3% of non-fuel revenues above 2015 non-fuel revenues). TA’s previously deferred rent of $21,233 is due at the expiration of the initial term of this lease. This lease is guaranteed by TA.

(16)

We lease 40 Petro Stopping Centers ^® branded travel centers in 25 states to a subsidiary of TA under a lease that expires in 2032; TA has two renewal options for 15 years each for all, but not less than all, of these travel centers. In addition to the payment of our minimum rent, this lease provides for payment to us of percentage rent based on increases in total non-fuel revenues over base year levels ( 3% of non-fuel revenues above 2012 non-fuel revenues). TA’s previously deferred rent of $42,915 is due on June 30, 2024. This lease is guaranteed by TA.

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The following tables summarize the operating statistics, including ADR, occupancy and RevPAR reported to us by our hotel managers or tenants by management agreement or lease for the periods indicated. All operating data presented are based upon the operating results provided by our managers and tenants for the indicated periods. We have not independently verified our managers’ or tenants’ operating data.



	No. of	No. of Rooms /	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Hotels	Suites	2018			2017			Change		2018			2017			Change
ADR
Marriott (No. 1)	53	7,609	$	132.67		$	131.54		0.9	%	$	132.19		$	131.82		0.3	%
Marriott (No. 234)	68	9,120	134.75			133.48			1.0	%	134.05			132.57			1.1	%
Marriott (No. 5)	1	356	301.59			272.72			10.6	%	290.71			268.89			8.1	%
Subtotal / Average Marriott	122	17,085	137.88			136.08			1.3	%	137.32			135.65			1.2	%
InterContinental ⁽¹⁾	100	16,354	123.03			120.62			2.0	%	123.88			119.83			3.4	%
Sonesta ^{(1) (2)}	50	8,698	146.87			144.66			1.5	%	148.34			146.54			1.2	%
Wyndham	22	3,579	103.40			104.90			(1.4	%)	100.96			100.81			0.1	%
Hyatt	22	2,724	109.34			108.48			0.8	%	112.64			110.09			2.3	%
Radisson ⁽¹⁾ ⁽³⁾	9	1,939	141.16			137.75			2.5	%	134.29			131.45			2.2	%
All Hotels Total / Average	325	50,379	$	130.42		$	128.55		1.5	%	$	130.49		$	128.02		1.9	%
OCCUPANCY
Marriott (No. 1)	53	7,609	72.5		%	74.2		%	-1.7 pts		70.1		%	70.5		%	-0.4 pts
Marriott (No. 234)	68	9,120	76.7		%	77.4		%	-0.7 pts		76.2		%	76.8		%	-0.6 pts
Marriott (No. 5)	1	356	87.0		%	90.4		%	-3.4 pts		91.7		%	88.7		%	3.0 pts
Subtotal / Average Marriott	122	17,085	75.1		%	76.3		%	-1.2 pts		73.8		%	74.2		%	-0.4 pts
InterContinental ⁽¹⁾	100	16,354	81.9		%	84.8		%	-2.9 pts		80.0		%	82.3		%	-2.3 pts
Sonesta ^{(1) (2)}	50	8,698	72.4		%	75.4		%	-3.0 pts		69.2		%	72.5		%	-3.3 pts
Wyndham	22	3,579	72.3		%	75.4		%	-3.1 pts		69.6		%	71.6		%	-2.0 pts
Hyatt	22	2,724	80.1		%	84.4		%	-4.3 pts		80.5		%	83.5		%	-3.0 pts
Radisson ^{(1) (3)}	9	1,939	75.4		%	80.0		%	-4.6 pts		74.6		%	77.0		%	-2.4 pts
All Hotels Total / Average	325	50,379	76.9		%	79.4		%	-2.5 pts		75.1		%	76.9		%	-1.8 pts
RevPAR
Marriott (No. 1)	53	7,609	$	96.19		$	97.60		(1.4	%)	$	92.67		$	92.93		(0.3	%)
Marriott (No. 234)	68	9,120	103.35			103.31			—	%	102.15			101.81			0.3	%
Marriott (No. 5)	1	356	262.38			246.54			6.4	%	266.58			238.51			11.8	%
Subtotal / Average Marriott	122	17,085	103.55			103.83			(0.3	%)	101.34			100.65			0.7	%
InterContinental ⁽¹⁾	100	16,354	100.76			102.29			(1.5	%)	99.10			98.62			0.5	%
Sonesta ^{(1) (2)}	50	8,698	106.33			109.07			(2.5	%)	102.65			106.24			(3.4	%)
Wyndham	22	3,579	74.76			79.09			(5.5	%)	70.27			72.18			(2.6	%)
Hyatt	22	2,724	87.58			91.56			(4.3	%)	90.68			91.93			(1.4	%)
Radisson ^{(1) (3)}	9	1,939	106.43			110.20			(3.4	%)	100.18			101.22			(1.0	%)
All Hotels Total / Average	325	50,379	$	100.29		$	102.07		(1.7	%)	$	98.00		$	98.45		(0.5	%)


(1)	Operating data includes data for certain hotels for periods prior to when we acquired them.


(2)	Operating data includes data for one hotel prior to when it was managed by Sonesta.


(3)	Operating data excludes data for certain hotels we sold during the periods presented.

Related Person Transactions

We have relationships and historical and continuing transactions with RMR LLC, RMR Inc. and others related to them. For example: we have no employees and the personnel and various services we require to operate our business are provided to us by RMR LLC pursuant to our business and property management agreements with RMR LLC; RMR Inc. is the managing member of RMR LLC; Adam D. Portnoy, one of our Managing Trustees, is the sole trustee, and officer and controlling

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shareholder of ABP Trust, which is the controlling shareholder of RMR Inc.; and we own shares of class A common stock of RMR Inc. We also have relationships and historical and continuing transactions with other companies to which RMR LLC or its subsidiaries provide management services and which may have trustees, directors and officers who are also trustees, directors or officers of us, RMR LLC or RMR Inc., including: TA, which is our former subsidiary and largest tenant and of which we are the largest shareholder; Sonesta, which is one of our hotel managers and is owned in part by Adam D. Portnoy, one of our Managing Trustees; and AIC, of which we, ABP Trust, TA and four other companies to which RMR LLC provides management services each own 14.3% and which arranges and reinsures in part a combined property insurance program for us and its six other shareholders. For further information about these and other such relationships and related person transactions, see Notes 7, 8 , 9 and 10 to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our 2017 Annual Report, our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. In addition, see the section captioned “Risk Factors” of our 2017 Annual Report for a description of risks that may arise as a result of these and other related person transactions and relationships. Our filings with the SEC and copies of certain of our agreements with these related persons, including our business and property management agreements with RMR LLC, our various agreements with TA and Sonesta and our shareholders agreement with AIC and its six other shareholders, are available as exhibits to our filings with the SEC and accessible at the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. We may engage in additional transactions with related persons, including businesses to which RMR LLC or its subsidiaries provide management services.

Non-GAAP Measures

Funds From Operations Available for Common Shareholders and Normalized Funds From Operations Available for Common Shareholders.

We calculate funds from operations, or FFO, available for common shareholders and normalized funds from operations, or Normalized FFO, available for common shareholders as shown below. FFO available for common shareholders is calculated on the basis defined by The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or Nareit, which is net income available for common shareholders calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding any gain or loss on sale of properties and loss on impairment of real estate assets, if any, plus real estate depreciation and amortization, as well as certain other adjustments currently not applicable to us. Our calculation of Normalized FFO available for common shareholders differs from Nareit's definition of FFO available for common shareholders because we include business management incentive fees, if any, only in the fourth quarter versus the quarter when they are recognized as expense in accordance with GAAP due to their quarterly volatility not necessarily being indicative of our core operating performance and the uncertainty as to whether any such business management incentive fees will be payable when all contingencies for determining such fees are known at the end of the calendar year, and we exclude the loss on early extinguishment of debt, excess of liquidation preference over carrying value of preferred shares redeemed and unrealized gains on equity securities. We consider FFO available for common shareholders and Normalized FFO available for common shareholders to be appropriate supplemental measures of operating performance for a REIT, along with net income and net income available for common shareholders. We believe that FFO available for common shareholders and Normalized FFO available for common shareholders provide useful information to investors because by excluding the effects of certain historical amounts, such as depreciation expense, FFO available for common shareholders and Normalized FFO available for common shareholders may facilitate a comparison of our operating performance between periods and with other REITs. FFO available for common shareholders and Normalized FFO available for common shareholders are among the factors considered by our Board of Trustees when determining the amount of distributions to our shareholders. Other factors include, but are not limited to, requirements to maintain our qualification for taxation as a REIT, limitations in our credit agreement and public debt covenants, the availability to us of debt and equity capital, our expectation of our future capital requirements and operating performance and our expected needs for and availability of cash to pay our obligations. FFO available for common shareholders and Normalized FFO available for common shareholders do not represent cash generated by operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered alternatives to net income or net income available for common shareholders as indicators of our operating performance or as measures of our liquidity. These measures should be considered in conjunction with net income and net income available for common shareholders as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Other real estate companies and REITs may calculate FFO available for common shareholders and Normalized FFO available for common shareholders differently than we do.

Our calculations of FFO available for common shareholders and Normalized FFO available for common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and reconciliations of net income available for common shareholders, the most directly comparable financial measure under GAAP reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements, to those amounts appear in the following table (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts).

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		For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2018			2017			2018			2017
Net income available for common shareholders		$	117,099		$	85,728		$	294,594		$	172,270
Add (Less):	Depreciation and amortization expense	101,007			98,205			300,308			286,811
	Gain on sale of real estate ⁽¹⁾	—			(9,348		)	—			(9,348		)
FFO available for common shareholders		218,106			174,585			594,902			449,733
Add (Less):	Estimated business management incentive fees ⁽²⁾	—			873			—			38,243
	Loss on early extinguishment of debt ⁽³⁾	—			—			160			—
	Excess of liquidation preference over carrying value of preferred shares redeemed ⁽⁴⁾	—			—			—			9,893
	Unrealized gains on equity securities ⁽⁵⁾	(43,453		)	—			(89,348		)	—
Normalized FFO available for common shareholders		$	174,653		$	175,458		$	505,714		$	497,869

	Weighted average shares outstanding (basic)	164,232			164,149			164,212			164,131
	Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted) ⁽⁶⁾	164,274			164,188			164,242			164,168

Basic and diluted per common share amounts:
	Net income available for common shareholders	$	0.71		$	0.52		$	1.79		$	1.05
	FFO available for common shareholders	$	1.33		$	1.06		$	3.62		$	2.74
	Normalized FFO available for common shareholders	$	1.06		$	1.07		$	3.08		$	3.03
	Distributions declared per share	$	0.53		$	0.52		$	1.58		$	1.55


(1)	We recorded a $9,348 gain on sale of real estate during the three months ended September 30, 2017 in connection with the sales of three hotels.

(2)

Incentive fees under our business management agreement with RMR LLC are payable after the end of each calendar year, are calculated based on common share total return, as defined, and are included in general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. In calculating net income in accordance with GAAP, we recognize estimated business management incentive fee expense, if any, in the first, second and third quarters. Although we recognize this expense, if any, in the first, second and third quarters for purposes of calculating net income, we do not include these amounts in the calculation of Normalized FFO available for common shareholders until the fourth quarter, which is when the business management incentive fee expense amount for the year, if any, is determined. Incentive fees for 2018 , if any, will be paid in cash in January 2019 .


(3)	We recorded a loss of $160 on early extinguishment of debt in the three months ended June 30, 2018 in connection with the amendment of our revolving credit facility and term loan.

(4)

In February 2017, we redeemed all 11,600,000 of our outstanding 7.125% Series D cumulative redeemable preferred shares at the stated liquidation preference of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption (an aggregate of $291,435). The liquidation preference of the redeemed shares exceeded the carrying amount for the redeemed shares as of the date of redemption by $9,893 , or $0.06 per share, and we reduced net income available to common shareholders in the three months ended March 31, 2017 by that excess amount.


(5)	Unrealized gains on equity securities represent the adjustment required to adjust the carrying value of our investments in RMR Inc. and TA common shares to their fair value as of September 30, 2018 in accordance with new GAAP standards effective January 1, 2018.


(6)	Represents weighted average common shares adjusted to reflect the potential dilution of unvested share awards.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk (dollar amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

We are exposed to risks associated with market changes in interest rates. We manage our exposure to this market risk by monitoring available financing alternatives. Our strategy to manage exposure to changes in interest rates has not materially changed since December 31, 2017 . Other than as described below, we do not currently foresee any significant changes in our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates or in how we manage this exposure in the near future.

Fixed Rate Debt

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At September 30, 2018 , our outstanding publicly tradable debt consisted of nine issues of fixed rate, senior notes:



Principal Balance		Annual Interest Rate		Annual Interest Expense		Maturity	Interest Payments Due
$	400,000	4.250	%	$	17,000	2021	Semi-Annually
500,000		5.000	%	25,000		2022	Semi-Annually
500,000		4.500	%	22,500		2023	Semi-Annually
350,000		4.650	%	16,275		2024	Semi-Annually
350,000		4.500	%	15,750		2025	Semi-Annually
350,000		5.250	%	18,375		2026	Semi-Annually
400,000		4.950	%	19,800		2027	Semi-Annually
400,000		3.950	%	15,800		2028	Semi-Annually
400,000		4.375	%	17,500		2030	Semi-Annually
$	3,650,000			$	168,000

No principal repayments are due under these notes until maturity. Because these notes require interest at fixed rates, changes in market interest rates during the term of these debts will not affect our interest obligations. If these notes were refinanced at interest rates which are one percentage point higher than the rates shown above, our per annum interest cost would increase by approximately $36,500. Changes in market interest rates would affect the fair value of our fixed rate debt obligations; increases in market interest rates decrease the fair value of our fixed rate debt while decreases in market interest rates increase the fair value of our fixed rate debt. Based on the balances outstanding at September 30, 2018 and discounted cash flows analyses through the respective maturity dates, and assuming no other changes in factors that may affect the fair value of our fixed rate debt obligations, a hypothetical immediate one percentage point change in interest rates would change the fair value of those debt obligations by approximately $185,079.

Each of these fixed rate unsecured debt arrangements allows us to make repayments earlier than the stated maturity date. We are generally allowed to make prepayments only at a premium equal to a make whole amount, as defined, which is generally designed to preserve a stated yield to the noteholder. Also, we have in the past repurchased and retired some of our outstanding debts and we may do so again in the future. These prepayment rights and our ability to repurchase and retire outstanding debt may afford us opportunities to mitigate the risks of refinancing our debts at their maturities at higher rates by refinancing prior to maturity.

Floating Rate Debt

At September 30, 2018 , our floating rate debt consisted of $143,000 outstanding under our $1,000,000 revolving credit facility and our $400,000 term loan. On May 10, 2018 , we amended and restated our credit agreement. The stated maturity date of our revolving credit facility is July 15, 2022 , and, subject to our meeting certain conditions, including our payment of an extension fee, we have an option to further extend the stated maturity date of the facility for two additional six month periods. The maturity date of our term loan is July 15, 2023 . No principal repayments are required under our revolving credit facility prior to maturity, and repayments may be made and redrawn subject to conditions, at any time without penalty. No principal prepayments are required under our term loan prior to maturity and we can repay principal amounts outstanding under the term loan subject to conditions at any time without penalty, but after amounts outstanding under our term loan are repaid, amounts may not be redrawn. Borrowings under our revolving credit facility and term loan are in U.S. dollars and require annual interest to be paid at the rate of LIBOR plus premiums that are subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings. Accordingly, we are vulnerable to changes in U.S. dollar based short term interest rates, specifically LIBOR. In addition, upon renewal or refinancing of our revolving credit facility or our term loan, we are vulnerable to increases in interest rate premiums due to market conditions or our perceived credit characteristics. Generally, a change in interest rates would not affect the value of this floating rate debt but would affect our operating results.

The following table presents the impact a one percentage point increase in interest rates would have on our annual floating rate interest expense as of September 30, 2018 :



	Impact of Increase in Interest Rates
	Interest Rate Per Year ⁽¹⁾		Outstanding Debt		Total Interest Expense Per Year		Annual Per Common Share Impact ⁽²⁾
At September 30, 2018	3.18	%	$	543,000	$	17,267	$	0.11
One percentage point increase	4.18	%	$	543,000	$	22,697	$	0.14

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(1) Weighted average based on the interest rates and the respective outstanding borrowings as of September 30, 2018 .

(2) Based on diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 .

The following table presents the impact a one percentage point increase in interest rates would have on our annual floating rate interest expense at September 30, 2018 if we were fully drawn on our revolving credit facility and our $400,000 term loan remained outstanding:



	Impact of Increase in Interest Rates
	Interest Rate Per Year ⁽¹⁾		Outstanding Debt		Total Interest Expense Per Year		Annual Per Common Share Impact ⁽²⁾
At September 30, 2018	3.13	%	$	1,400,000	$	43,820	$	0.27
One percentage point increase	4.13	%	$	1,400,000	$	57,820	$	0.35


(1)	Weighted average based on the interest rates and the respective outstanding borrowings (assuming fully drawn) as of September 30, 2018 .


(2)	Based on diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 .

The foregoing tables show the impact of an immediate increase in floating interest rates as of September 30, 2018 . If interest rates were to increase gradually over time, the impact would be spread over time. Our exposure to fluctuations in floating interest rates will increase or decrease in the future with increases or decreases in the outstanding amounts under our revolving credit facility and term loan or other floating rate debt, if any. Although we have no present plans to do so, we may in the future enter into hedge arrangements from time to time to mitigate our exposure to changes in interest rates.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

WARNING CONCERNING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q CONTAINS STATEMENTS THAT CONSTITUTE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995 AND OTHER SECURITIES LAWS. ALSO, WHENEVER WE USE WORDS SUCH AS “BELIEVE”, “EXPECT”, “ANTICIPATE”, “INTEND”, “PLAN”, “ESTIMATE”, “WILL”, “MAY” AND NEGATIVES OR DERIVATIVES OF THESE OR SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS, WE ARE MAKING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS. THESE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE BASED UPON OUR PRESENT INTENT, BELIEFS OR EXPECTATIONS, BUT FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE NOT GUARANTEED TO OCCUR AND MAY NOT OCCUR. FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS IN THIS REPORT RELATE TO VARIOUS ASPECTS OF OUR BUSINESS, INCLUDING:


•	OUR HOTEL MANAGERS’ OR TENANTS’ ABILITIES TO PAY THE CONTRACTUAL AMOUNTS OF RETURNS OR RENTS DUE TO US,


•	OUR ABILITY TO COMPETE FOR ACQUISITIONS EFFECTIVELY,


•	OUR POLICIES AND PLANS REGARDING INVESTMENTS, FINANCINGS AND DISPOSITIONS,


•	OUR ABILITY TO PAY DISTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS AND TO SUSTAIN THE AMOUNT OF SUCH DISTRIBUTIONS,


•	OUR ABILITY TO RAISE DEBT OR EQUITY CAPITAL,


•	OUR ABILITY TO APPROPRIATELY BALANCE OUR USE OF DEBT AND EQUITY CAPITAL,


•	OUR INTENT TO MAKE IMPROVEMENTS TO CERTAIN OF OUR PROPERTIES AND THE SUCCESS OF OUR HOTEL RENOVATIONS,


•	OUR ABILITY TO ENGAGE AND RETAIN QUALIFIED MANAGERS AND TENANTS FOR OUR HOTELS AND TRAVEL CENTERS ON SATISFACTORY TERMS,


•	THE FUTURE AVAILABILITY OF BORROWINGS UNDER OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY,


•	OUR ABILITY TO PAY INTEREST ON AND PRINCIPAL OF OUR DEBT,


•	OUR CREDIT RATINGS,


•	THE ABILITY OF TA TO PAY CURRENT AND DEFERRED RENT AMOUNTS AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS DUE TO US,


•	OUR EXPECTATION THAT WE BENEFIT FROM OUR OWNERSHIP INTEREST IN AND OTHER RELATIONSHIPS WITH RMR INC.,


•	OUR EXPECTATION THAT WE BENEFIT FROM OUR OWNERSHIP INTEREST IN AND OTHER RELATIONSHIPS WITH AIC AND FROM OUR PARTICIPATION IN INSURANCE PROGRAMS ARRANGED BY AIC,


•	OUR QUALIFICATION FOR TAXATION AS A REIT,


•	CHANGES IN FEDERAL OR STATE TAX LAWS, AND

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•	OTHER MATTERS.

OUR ACTUAL RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE CONTAINED IN OR IMPLIED BY OUR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF VARIOUS FACTORS. FACTORS THAT COULD HAVE A MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AND UPON OUR BUSINESS, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, FINANCIAL CONDITION, FFO AVAILABLE FOR COMMON SHAREHOLDERS, NORMALIZED FFO AVAILABLE FOR COMMON SHAREHOLDERS, CASH FLOWS, LIQUIDITY AND PROSPECTS INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO:


•	THE IMPACT OF CONDITIONS AND CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY AND THE CAPITAL MARKETS ON US AND OUR MANAGERS AND TENANTS,


•	COMPETITION WITHIN THE REAL ESTATE, HOTEL, TRANSPORTATION AND TRAVEL CENTER INDUSTRIES, PARTICULARLY IN THOSE MARKETS IN WHICH OUR PROPERTIES ARE LOCATED,


•	COMPLIANCE WITH, AND CHANGES TO, FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE REAL ESTATE, HOTEL, TRANSPORTATION AND TRAVEL CENTER INDUSTRIES, ACCOUNTING RULES, TAX LAWS AND SIMILAR MATTERS,


•	LIMITATIONS IMPOSED ON OUR BUSINESS AND OUR ABILITY TO SATISFY COMPLEX RULES IN ORDER FOR US TO QUALIFY FOR TAXATION AS A REIT FOR U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES,


•	ACTS OF TERRORISM, OUTBREAKS OF SO CALLED PANDEMICS OR OTHER MANMADE OR NATURAL DISASTERS BEYOND OUR CONTROL, AND


•	ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST WITH OUR RELATED PARTIES, INCLUDING OUR MANAGING TRUSTEES, TA, SONESTA, RMR INC., RMR LLC, AIC AND OTHERS AFFILIATED WITH THEM.

FOR EXAMPLE:

•

OUR ABILITY TO MAKE FUTURE DISTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS AND TO MAKE PAYMENTS OF PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST ON OUR INDEBTEDNESS DEPENDS UPON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING OUR FUTURE EARNINGS, THE CAPITAL COSTS WE INCUR TO MAINTAIN OUR PROPERTIES AND OUR WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS. WE MAY BE UNABLE TO PAY OUR DEBT OBLIGATIONS OR TO MAINTAIN OUR CURRENT RATE OF DISTRIBUTIONS ON OUR COMMON SHARES AND FUTURE DISTRIBUTIONS MAY BE REDUCED OR ELIMINATED,

•

THE SECURITY DEPOSITS WHICH WE HOLD ARE NOT IN SEGREGATED CASH ACCOUNTS OR OTHERWISE SEPARATE FROM OUR OTHER ASSETS AND LIABILITIES. ACCORDINGLY, WHEN WE RECORD INCOME BY REDUCING OUR SECURITY DEPOSIT LIABILITIES, WE DO NOT RECEIVE ANY ADDITIONAL CASH PAYMENT. BECAUSE WE DO NOT RECEIVE ANY ADDITIONAL CASH PAYMENT AS WE APPLY SECURITY DEPOSITS TO COVER PAYMENT SHORTFALLS, THE FAILURE OF OUR MANAGERS OR TENANTS TO PAY MINIMUM RETURNS OR RENTS DUE TO US MAY REDUCE OUR CASH FLOWS AND OUR ABILITY TO PAY DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS,

•

AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 , APPROXIMATELY 74% OF OUR AGGREGATE ANNUAL MINIMUM RETURNS AND RENTS WERE SECURED BY GUARANTEES OR SECURITY DEPOSITS FROM OUR MANAGERS AND TENANTS. THIS MAY IMPLY THAT THESE MINIMUM RETURNS AND RENTS WILL BE PAID. IN FACT, CERTAIN OF THESE GUARANTEES AND SECURITY DEPOSITS ARE LIMITED IN AMOUNT AND DURATION AND ALL THE GUARANTEES ARE SUBJECT TO THE GUARANTORS’ ABILITIES AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY. WE CANNOT BE SURE OF THE FUTURE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF OUR PROPERTIES AND WHETHER SUCH PERFORMANCE WILL COVER OUR MINIMUM RETURNS AND RENTS, WHETHER THE GUARANTEES OR SECURITY DEPOSITS WILL BE ADEQUATE TO COVER FUTURE SHORTFALLS IN THE MINIMUM RETURNS OR RENTS DUE TO US WHICH THEY GUARANTY OR SECURE, OR REGARDING OUR MANAGERS’, TENANTS’ OR GUARANTORS’ FUTURE ACTIONS IF AND WHEN THE GUARANTEES AND SECURITY DEPOSITS EXPIRE OR ARE DEPLETED OR THEIR ABILITIES OR WILLINGNESS TO PAY MINIMUM RETURNS AND RENTS OWED TO US. MOREOVER, THE SECURITY DEPOSITS WE HOLD ARE NOT SEGREGATED FROM OUR OTHER ASSETS AND THE APPLICATION OF SECURITY DEPOSITS TO COVER PAYMENT

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SHORTFALLS WILL RESULT IN US RECORDING INCOME, BUT WILL NOT RESULT IN US RECEIVING ADDITIONAL CASH. THE BALANCE OF OUR ANNUAL MINIMUM RETURNS AND RENTS AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 WAS NOT SECURED BY GUARANTEES OR SECURITY DEPOSITS,

•

THE $35.7 MILLION LIMITED GUARANTY FROM WYNDHAM WAS DEPLETED DURING THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND REMAINED DEPLETED AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 . WE DO NOT HOLD A SECURITY DEPOSIT WITH RESPECT TO AMOUNTS DUE UNDER THE WYNDHAM AGREEMENT. WYNDHAM HAS PAID 85% OF THE MINIMUM RETURNS DUE TO US FOR EACH OF THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 . WE CAN PROVIDE NO ASSURANCE AS TO WHETHER WYNDHAM WILL CONTINUE TO PAY AT LEAST THE GREATER OF AVAILABLE HOTEL CASH FLOWS AFTER PAYMENT OF HOTEL OPERATING EXPENSES AND 85% OF THE MINIMUM RETURNS DUE TO US OR IF WYNDHAM WILL DEFAULT ON ITS PAYMENTS,


•	WE HAVE NO GUARANTEES OR SECURITY DEPOSITS FOR THE MINIMUM RETURNS DUE TO US FROM OUR MARRIOTT NO. 1 OR OUR SONESTA AGREEMENTS. ACCORDINGLY, WE MAY RECEIVE AMOUNTS THAT ARE LESS THAN THE CONTRACTUAL MINIMUM RETURNS STATED IN THESE AGREEMENTS,

•

WE HAVE RECENTLY RENOVATED CERTAIN HOTELS AND ARE CURRENTLY RENOVATING ADDITIONAL HOTELS. WE CURRENTLY EXPECT TO FUND APPROXIMATELY $90.3 MILLION DURING THE LAST THREE MONTHS OF 2018 AND $167.5 MILLION IN 2019 FOR RENOVATIONS AND OTHER CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT COSTS AT CERTAIN OF OUR HOTELS. THE COST OF CAPITAL PROJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH RENOVATIONS MAY BE GREATER THAN WE CURRENTLY ANTICIPATE. OPERATING RESULTS AT OUR HOTELS MAY DECLINE AS A RESULT OF HAVING ROOMS OUT OF SERVICE OR OTHER DISRUPTIONS DURING RENOVATIONS. ALSO, WHILE OUR FUNDING OF THESE CAPITAL PROJECTS WILL CAUSE OUR CONTRACTUAL MINIMUM RETURNS TO INCREASE, THE HOTELS’ OPERATING RESULTS MAY NOT INCREASE OR MAY NOT INCREASE TO THE EXTENT THAT THE MINIMUM RETURNS INCREASE. ACCORDINGLY, COVERAGE OF OUR MINIMUM RETURNS AT THESE HOTELS MAY REMAIN DEPRESSED FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD,

•

WE CURRENTLY EXPECT TO PURCHASE FROM TA DURING THE LAST THREE MONTHS OF 2018 APPROXIMATELY $13.6 MILLION OF CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS TA EXPECTS TO MAKE TO THE TRAVEL CENTERS WE LEASE TO TA. PURSUANT TO THE TERMS OF THE APPLICABLE LEASES, THE ANNUAL RENT PAYABLE TO US BY TA WILL INCREASE AS A RESULT OF ANY SUCH PURCHASES. WE MAY ULTIMATELY PURCHASE MORE OR LESS THAN THIS BUDGETED AMOUNT. TA MAY NOT REALIZE RESULTS FROM ANY OF THESE CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS WHICH EQUAL OR EXCEED THE INCREASED ANNUAL RENTS IT WILL BE OBLIGATED TO PAY TO US, WHICH COULD INCREASE THE RISK OF TA BEING UNABLE TO PAY AMOUNTS DUE TO US,

•

HOTEL ROOM DEMAND AND TRUCKING ACTIVITY ARE OFTEN REFLECTIONS OF THE GENERAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE COUNTRY AND IN THE GEOGRAPHIC AREAS WHERE OUR PROPERTIES ARE LOCATED. IF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY DECLINES, HOTEL ROOM DEMAND AND TRUCKING ACTIVITY MAY DECLINE AND THE OPERATING RESULTS OF OUR HOTELS AND TRAVEL CENTERS MAY DECLINE, THE FINANCIAL RESULTS OF OUR HOTEL MANAGERS AND OUR TENANTS, INCLUDING TA, MAY SUFFER AND THESE MANAGERS AND TENANTS MAY BE UNABLE TO PAY OUR RETURNS OR RENTS. ALSO, DEPRESSED OPERATING RESULTS FROM OUR PROPERTIES FOR EXTENDED PERIODS MAY RESULT IN THE OPERATORS OF SOME OR ALL OF OUR HOTELS AND OUR TRAVEL CENTERS BECOMING UNABLE OR UNWILLING TO MEET THEIR OBLIGATIONS OR THEIR GUARANTEES AND SECURITY DEPOSITS WE HOLD MAY BE EXHAUSTED,


•	HOTEL AND OTHER COMPETITIVE FORMS OF TEMPORARY LODGING SUPPLY (FOR EXAMPLE, AIRBNB) HAVE BEEN INCREASING AND MAY AFFECT OUR HOTEL OPERATORS' ABILITY TO GROW ADR AND OCCUPANCY, AND ADR AND OCCUPANCY COULD DECLINE DUE TO INCREASED COMPETITION WHICH MAY CAUSE OUR HOTEL OPERATORS TO BECOME UNABLE TO PAY OUR RETURNS OR RENTS,

•

IF THE CURRENT LEVEL OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY IN THE COUNTRY DECLINES, IF THE PRICE OF DIESEL FUEL INCREASES SIGNIFICANTLY, IF FUEL CONSERVATION MEASURES ARE INCREASED, IF FREIGHT BUSINESS IS DIRECTED AWAY FROM TRUCKING, IF TA IS UNABLE TO EFFECTIVELY COMPETE OR OPERATE ITS BUSINESS, IF FUEL EFFICIENCIES, THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS OR TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES REDUCE THE DEMAND FOR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES TA SELLS

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OR FOR VARIOUS OTHER REASONS, TA MAY BECOME UNABLE TO PAY CURRENT AND DEFERRED RENTS DUE TO US,

•

OUR ABILITY TO GROW OUR BUSINESS AND INCREASE OUR DISTRIBUTIONS DEPENDS IN LARGE PART UPON OUR ABILITY TO BUY PROPERTIES THAT GENERATE RETURNS OR CAN BE LEASED FOR RENTS WHICH EXCEED THEIR OPERATING AND CAPITAL COSTS. WE MAY BE UNABLE TO IDENTIFY PROPERTIES THAT WE WANT TO ACQUIRE OR TO NEGOTIATE ACCEPTABLE PURCHASE PRICES, ACQUISITION FINANCING, MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS OR LEASE TERMS FOR NEW PROPERTIES,


•	CONTINGENCIES IN OUR ACQUISITION AND SALE AGREEMENTS MAY NOT BE SATISFIED AND ANY EXPECTED ACQUISITIONS AND SALES AND ANY RELATED MANAGEMENT OR LEASE ARRANGEMENTS WE EXPECT TO ENTER MAY NOT OCCUR, MAY BE DELAYED OR THE TERMS OF SUCH TRANSACTIONS OR ARRANGEMENTS MAY CHANGE,

•

AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 , WE HAD $19.8 MILLION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, $857.0 MILLION AVAILABLE UNDER OUR $1.0 BILLION REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY AND SECURITY DEPOSITS AND GUARANTEES COVERING SOME OF OUR MINIMUM RETURNS AND RENTS. THESE STATEMENTS MAY IMPLY THAT WE HAVE ABUNDANT WORKING CAPITAL AND LIQUIDITY. HOWEVER, OUR MANAGERS AND TENANTS MAY NOT BE ABLE TO FUND MINIMUM RETURNS AND RENTS DUE TO US FROM OPERATING OUR PROPERTIES OR FROM OTHER RESOURCES; IN THE PAST AND CURRENTLY, CERTAIN OF OUR TENANTS AND HOTEL MANAGERS HAVE IN FACT NOT PAID THE MINIMUM AMOUNTS DUE TO US FROM THEIR OPERATIONS OF OUR LEASED OR MANAGED PROPERTIES. ALSO, CERTAIN OF THE SECURITY DEPOSITS AND GUARANTEES WE HAVE TO COVER ANY SUCH SHORTFALLS ARE LIMITED IN AMOUNT AND DURATION, AND ANY SECURITY DEPOSITS WE APPLY FOR SUCH SHORTFALLS DO NOT RESULT IN ADDITIONAL CASH FLOWS TO US. OUR PROPERTIES REQUIRE, AND WE HAVE AGREED TO PROVIDE, SIGNIFICANT FUNDING FOR CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS, RENOVATIONS AND OTHER MATTERS. ACCORDINGLY, WE MAY NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT WORKING CAPITAL OR LIQUIDITY,


•	WE MAY BE UNABLE TO REPAY OUR DEBT OBLIGATIONS WHEN THEY BECOME DUE,


•	WE INTEND TO CONDUCT OUR BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN A MANNER THAT WILL AFFORD US REASONABLE ACCESS TO CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENT AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES. HOWEVER, WE MAY NOT SUCCEED IN THIS REGARD AND WE MAY NOT HAVE REASONABLE ACCESS TO CAPITAL,


•	CONTINUED AVAILABILITY OF BORROWINGS UNDER OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY IS SUBJECT TO OUR SATISFYING CERTAIN FINANCIAL COVENANTS AND OTHER CREDIT FACILITY CONDITIONS THAT WE MAY BE UNABLE TO SATISFY,


•	ACTUAL COSTS UNDER OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY OR OTHER FLOATING RATE DEBT WILL BE HIGHER THAN LIBOR PLUS A PREMIUM BECAUSE OF FEES AND EXPENSES ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH DEBT,


•	THE MAXIMUM BORROWING AVAILABILITY UNDER OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY AND TERM LOAN MAY BE INCREASED TO UP TO $2.3 BILLION ON A COMBINED BASIS IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES; HOWEVER, INCREASING THE MAXIMUM BORROWING AVAILABILITY UNDER OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY AND TERM LOAN IS SUBJECT TO OUR OBTAINING ADDITIONAL COMMITMENTS FROM LENDERS, WHICH MAY NOT OCCUR,


•	THE PREMIUMS USED TO DETERMINE THE INTEREST RATE PAYABLE ON OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY AND TERM LOAN AND THE FACILITY FEE PAYABLE ON OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY ARE BASED ON OUR CREDIT RATINGS. FUTURE CHANGES IN OUR CREDIT RATINGS MAY CAUSE THE INTEREST AND FEES WE PAY TO INCREASE,


•	WE HAVE THE OPTION TO EXTEND THE MATURITY DATE OF OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY UPON PAYMENT OF A FEE AND MEETING OTHER CONDITIONS; HOWEVER, THE APPLICABLE CONDITIONS MAY NOT BE MET,


•	THE BUSINESS AND PROPERTY MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS BETWEEN US AND RMR LLC HAVE CONTINUING 20 YEAR TERMS. HOWEVER, THOSE AGREEMENTS PERMIT EARLY TERMINATION IN

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CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES. ACCORDINGLY, WE CANNOT BE SURE THAT THESE AGREEMENTS WILL REMAIN IN EFFECT FOR CONTINUING 20 YEAR TERMS,


•	WE BELIEVE THAT OUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OUR RELATED PARTIES, INCLUDING RMR LLC, RMR INC., TA, SONESTA, AIC AND OTHERS AFFILIATED WITH THEM MAY BENEFIT US AND PROVIDE US WITH COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN OPERATING AND GROWING OUR BUSINESS. HOWEVER, THE ADVANTAGES WE BELIEVE WE MAY REALIZE FROM THESE RELATIONSHIPS MAY NOT MATERIALIZE,


•	RMR INC. MAY REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF DISTRIBUTIONS TO ITS SHAREHOLDERS, INCLUDING US, AND

•

MARRIOTT HAS NOTIFIED US THAT IT DOES NOT INTEND TO EXTEND ITS LEASE FOR OUR RESORT HOTEL ON KAUAI, HAWAII WHEN THAT LEASE EXPIRES ON DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND WE INTEND TO HAVE DISCUSSIONS WITH MARRIOTT ABOUT THE FUTURE OF THIS HOTEL. THESE STATEMENTS MAY IMPLY THAT MARRIOTT WILL NOT OPERATE THIS HOTEL IN THE FUTURE OR THAT WE MAY RECEIVE LESS CASH FLOWS FROM THIS HOTEL IN THE FUTURE. OUR DISCUSSIONS WITH MARRIOTT HAVE BEGUN. AT THIS TIME WE CANNOT PREDICT HOW OUR DISCUSSIONS WITH MARRIOTT WILL IMPACT THE FUTURE OF THIS HOTEL. FOR EXAMPLE, THIS HOTEL MAY CONTINUE TO BE OPERATED BY MARRIOTT ON DIFFERENT CONTRACT TERMS THAN THE CURRENT LEASE, WE MAY IDENTIFY A DIFFERENT OPERATOR FOR THIS HOTEL OR THE CASH FLOWS WHICH WE RECEIVE FROM OUR OWNERSHIP OF THIS HOTEL MAY BE DIFFERENT THAN THE RENT WE NOW RECEIVE. ALSO, ALTHOUGH THE CURRENT LEASE EXPIRES ON DECEMBER 31, 2019, WE AND MARRIOTT MAY AGREE UPON A DIFFERENT TERMINATION DATE.

CURRENTLY UNEXPECTED RESULTS COULD OCCUR DUE TO MANY DIFFERENT CIRCUMSTANCES, SOME OF WHICH ARE BEYOND OUR CONTROL, SUCH AS ACTS OF TERRORISM, NATURAL DISASTERS, CHANGES IN OUR MANAGERS’ OR TENANTS’ REVENUES OR EXPENSES, CHANGES IN OUR MANAGERS’ OR TENANTS’ FINANCIAL CONDITIONS, THE MARKET DEMAND FOR HOTEL ROOMS OR FUEL OR CHANGES IN CAPITAL MARKETS OR THE ECONOMY GENERALLY.

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q AND IN OUR 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OR OUR OTHER FILINGS WITH THE SEC, INCLUDING UNDER THE CAPTION “RISK FACTORS”, OR INCORPORATED HEREIN OR THEREIN, IDENTIFIES OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE DIFFERENCES FROM OUR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS. OUR FILINGS WITH THE SEC ARE AVAILABLE ON THE SEC’S WEBSITE AT WWW.SEC.GOV.

YOU SHOULD NOT PLACE UNDUE RELIANCE UPON OUR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS.

EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY LAW, WE DO NOT INTEND TO UPDATE OR CHANGE ANY FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF NEW INFORMATION, FUTURE EVENTS OR OTHERWISE.

STATEMENT CONCERNING LIMITED LIABILITY

THE AMENDED AND RESTATED DECLARATION OF TRUST ESTABLISHING HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST, DATED AUGUST 21, 1995, AS AMENDED AND SUPPLEMENTED, AS FILED WITH THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF ASSESSMENTS AND TAXATION OF MARYLAND, PROVIDES THAT NO TRUSTEE, OFFICER, SHAREHOLDER, EMPLOYEE OR AGENT OF HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST SHALL BE HELD TO ANY PERSONAL LIABILITY, JOINTLY OR SEVERALLY, FOR ANY OBLIGATION OF, OR CLAIM AGAINST, HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST. ALL PERSONS DEALING WITH HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST IN ANY WAY SHALL LOOK ONLY TO THE ASSETS OF HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST FOR THE PAYMENT OF ANY SUM OR THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY OBLIGATION.

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Part II Other Information

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to risk factors from those we previously disclosed in our 2017 Annual Report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer purchases of equity securities. The following table provides information about our purchases of our equity securities during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 :



							Maximum
					Total Number of		Approximate Dollar
					Shares Purchased		Value of Shares that
	Number of				as Part of Publicly		May Yet Be Purchased
	Shares	Average Price			Announced Plans		Under the Plans or
Calendar Month	Purchased ⁽¹⁾	Paid per Share		or Programs		Programs
September 2018	17,808	$	28.35	$	—	$	—
Total	17,808	$	28.35	$	—	$	—

(1)

These common share withholdings and purchases were made to satisfy the tax withholding and payment obligations of certain of our officers and other RMR LLC employees in connection with the vesting of awards of our common shares. We withheld and purchased these shares at their fair market value based upon the trading price of our common shares at the close of trading on Nasdaq on the purchase date.

Item 6. Exhibits



Exhibit Number			Description
3.1			Composite Copy of Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, dated as of August 21, 1995, as amended to date. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.)
3.2			Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, adopted April 12, 2018. (Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.)
4.1			Form of Common Share Certificate. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.)
4.2			Indenture, dated as of February 25, 1998, between the Company and State Street Bank and Trust Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997, File Number 001-11527.)
4.3			Supplemental Indenture No. 14, dated as of August 16, 2012, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the Company’s 5.000% Senior Notes due 2022, including form thereof. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, File Number 001-11527.)
4.4			Supplemental Indenture No. 15, dated as of June 6, 2013, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the Company’s 4.500% Senior Notes due 2023, including form thereof. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013, File Number 001-11527.)
4.5			Authentication Order, dated January 13, 2017, from the Company to U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the Company’s 4.500% Senior Notes due 2023. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.)
4.6			Supplemental Indenture No. 16, dated as of March 12, 2014, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the Company’s 4.650% Senior Notes due 2024, including form thereof. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014.)
4.7			Supplemental Indenture No. 17, dated as of September 12, 2014, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the Company’s 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including form thereof. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014.)

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4.8			Indenture, dated as of February 3, 2016, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2016.)
4.9			First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 3, 2016, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the Company’s 4.25% Senior Notes due 2021, including form thereof. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2016.)
4.10			Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 3, 2016, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the Company’s 5.25% Senior Notes due 2026, including form thereof. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2016.)
4.11			Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 13, 2017, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the Company’s 4.950% Senior Notes due 2027, including form thereof. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.)
4.12			Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 26, 2017, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the Company’s 3.950% Senior Notes due 2028, including form thereof. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017.)
4.13			Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 2, 2018, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the Company’s 4.375% Senior Notes due 2030, including form thereof. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.)
4.14			Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, dated as of June 5, 2015, among the Company, ABP Trust (f/k/a Reit Management & Research Trust), Barry M. Portnoy and Adam D. Portnoy. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 5, 2015.)
10.1			Representative Form of Management Agreement between Sonesta International Hotels Corporation and Cambridge TRS, Inc. (limited service). (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A, Amendment No. 2, for the quarter ended June 30, 2012, File Number 001-11527.) (Schedule of applicable agreements filed herewith.)
10.2			Pooling Agreement, dated April 23, 2012, as updated through October 30, 2018, among HPT Clift TRS LLC, Sonesta Clift LLC, Cambridge TRS, Inc. and Sonesta International Hotels Corporation. (Filed herewith.)
31.1			Rule 13a-14(a) Certification. (Filed herewith.)
31.2			Rule 13a-14(a) Certification. (Filed herewith.)
32.1			Section 1350 Certification. (Furnished herewith.)
101.1			The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) related notes to these financial statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail. (Filed herewith.)

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.




	HOSPITALITY PROPERTIES TRUST


	/s/ John G. Murray
	John G. Murray
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	Dated: November 6, 2018


	/s/ Mark L. Kleifges
	Mark L. Kleifges
	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
	Dated: November 6, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Item 1. Financial Statements Note 1. Basis Of Presentation Note 2. New Accounting Pronouncements Note 3. Revenue Recognition Note 4. Weighted Average Common Shares Note 5. Shareholders' Equity Note 6. Indebtedness Note 7. Real Estate Properties Note 8. Management Agreements and Leases Note 9. Business and Property Management Agreements with Rmr Llc Note 10. Related Person Transactions Note 11. Income Taxes Note 12. Segment Information Note 13. Fair Value Of Assets and Liabilities Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk (dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Part II Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

SVC 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2018

Exhibits